What's up guys Michael here with jaspies and in this video. We've got the jaspies eight box offseason football mixer It is a random team, so we will do that real quick We've got all the names in the list here and All the teams in this list. Let's roll the dice a Four and a one that is five times. Let's do it one Two three Four and five Five times there. We've got Jason up to James take that put in the list and We've got the teams here and again five times for the teams one two three four and Fifth time We've got the Cowboys up to the Texans make it a little bigger Make it look nice all right Let's read off the teams here. We got James with the Texans Christopher with the Seahawks James with the Broncos Daniel with the Bangles Chad with the Chiefs and the Buccaneers Brian with the Niners Jesse with the Jets Douglas with the Titans Scott with the Giants Douglas with the Patriots Chris with the Falcons Jason with the Dolphins Victor with the Chargers Chad with the Lions Simon with the Browns Aaron with the Raiders Boyd with the Ravens Allen with last spot mojo has the Cardinals Lee with the Bears Chad with the Steelers Chad with the Commanders Jason with the Colts Kevin with the Rams Arthur with the Bills Aaron with the Saints Ethan with the Jags Brian with the Eagles Scott with the Packers David with the Vikings Aaron with the Panthers and Jason with the Cowboys So we will have a trade window for this We will pause the video and if there if there are or aren't any trades we'll let you know and we'll be right back guys All right, we're back. There was a little bit of trade chatter. No deals were done so Yeah, we're gonna get ready to start the break and while That's printing switch it to the view just to remind everybody we got two boxes of Phoenix hobby two boxes of Phoenix Phoenix H2 mosaic choice 2021 contenders 2021 prism no huddle zenith and this card Joe burrow Don Russ clearly rookie Otto out of 25 will be randomized at the end of the break and given away to one of you guys so Put that actually aside from now The final list there were no changes, but just one more time so everybody can see what teams they have All right, let's do it. We'll start off with the Phoenix Hobby here. Let's get this all Push back make some room My first time ripping basically all these Baseball plays today Joe Did you take the Giants? I did not take the Giants I stayed away today. I didn't like anything, but that was just a way to that was the only only thing I was considering was Giants today On Troy. No Detroit shooter one day the Royals they lost the Nationals they lost by one run wasting a sparkling Josiah grade outing. Did you pitch one of it? Yeah, he did He only gave up that one run. I left out Lakers game last night, huh? I Didn't I didn't put as much as I said I was going to on it Party just just a little bit Bomb it it was it was brutal to watch I guess the late was probably would still make the playoff So right the play in early in yeah, I think they still have a chance Maybe at the playoffs. I think they have to put the six seed I think they have to eat the Suns and the jazz. Yeah, the Warriors have to lose again. Yeah All right Something like that Here we go box number one Drake London the Damian Pierce to 125 there This keyboard, okay First hit here George Pickens to 99 Look at that patch That is going to Chad and the Steelers there. Look at that there George Pickens rookie patch out of 99 rookie jumbo memorabilia keep it going here Greg dulcet is that number Bride and a Jared Goff to 250 contours Russ Got our next hit here Trey McBride for my Cardinals there rookie patch and Otto out of 149 That's going to Alan who offered up his Cardinals, but Captain Tried to trade couldn't trade mojo.  Oh nice I don't 125 Trevor Lawrence flamethrowers Hot routes. What is that print? Is that just what it looks like? Chris Godwin Matt Ryan flamethrowers At a $1.99 there and yeah, I think that's just And last spot mojo, Alan. You got it and a Jamar chase there that is out of 99 Matt Stafford flamethrowers there George Pickens and a Joe name it at a 125 fireforged Tom Brady fireforged and a Davis Mills Out of 150 Stefan digs hot routes just mirror white and another hit Devon white Whoa Paragon Patch and Otto look at that patch. It's going to Tampa Bay Chad that is Sweet card there Out of out of ten. Wow beautiful card there coming to a close on the First box here Carson strong Tyrone Davis Prince to 25 Nice can't can he pick it flamethrowers nice pure strong jr to 250 and A contours Randy Moss That does it for box number one box number two Joe. Did you ever put soccer? My indoor soccer league starts next week You play a little indoor soccer. Yeah, I'm not good Get a remote out there. I think you still face Yeah, I went to practice a little bit today I feel out of shape Yeah, that's definitely ACL here for me. I try to Try to ramp up a little soccer. It's definitely Achilles Achilles here for me Golf more my speed These Phoenix cards are slippery. Yeah Slick. Yeah, I think we're gonna have our first hit right off the bat here Crystal love it out of 50 Yeah, yeah, patch and Otto that is going to New Orleans Aaron Beautiful hit there out of 50 my corral Dak right there So rookie quarterback number see Out of 250 50 out of 250 there Crystal love a DJ more out of 199 It's a nice color there and there was just Jefferson Mark Andrews Wanda Robinson Is that a Forgot what that parallel is called about a 175 there Rookie for the Giants Stafford Brown Robinson jr Skymore rookie rising Out of 175 there with the Russ contours on the back Super Bowl champion sky more Robinson out of 150 Fireforged Tom Brady Still waiting on a patch and another auto That is just filler Magi Sanders out of 250 there rookie rising James Williams And here's our second auto Kyle Phillips wider see her for the Titans Not numbered That is going to Douglas Nick bonito Out of 150 Tom Brady Out of 125 there and another flamethrowers Kenny Pickett the top of the Brady got our patch here. Oops. Yeah At a 99 tyquan Thornton Nice patch there Well, what's that four colors for the Pats New England Douglas Yeah, rookie jumbo memorabilia at a 99 nice and What that is cool parallel there. I want to say that's like a short print tries Kelsey Anyone knows what that is Please drop it in the chat. That is a slick looking card there Just to close it off here end of the box Micah Parsons Out of 99 one out of 99 All right now Phoenix H2 can't you just put the cards Facing forward Trying to effectively open these packs That's that I can not having to flip them every time, but that might be what I have to do I did see that Matthew. I Did see that should be interesting. Let's get going Pierce Jake Ferguson that is out of 50 it looks like Double-check in a sec. What a parallel out of Focus yeah, it's out of 50 Matt Stafford at a 75 75 out of 75 Ritter Kyle Gordon at a 75 there And a sky more that's just a regular velocity crowds Joey B Fidarian Mathis out of 150 and another Kenny picket flame Thursdays. It's been one in every box so far John matchy CD lamb. That's out of 125 and At Randy months Randy Moss contours D off Not number lame throwers Dak not number Another laser not number. All right the end of this box here Sean Watson out of 75 and they'll take on brisket Justin Fields Out of 125 and a flamethrowers back Box number three is down sleeves for these guys Yeah, 124 out of 125 72 out of 75 All right last box of Phoenix and then we can get into Some 20 We'll do a we'll do some 2021 stuff Hit the contenders next Some prism get out of here. See you tomorrow Sleep in there. Thanks. The rookies John Dotson Joe Burrow numbered.  See who it is MC that's Matt Corral. Whoo. What is that numbered to? Is there a number there's no number on that? That is a football show me a number That's a football. Why is there no number on it? nice That is going to Aaron and the Panthers No, cool though the piece of the pigs game. Yeah, it's a nice hit there and then under that one There's a George Pickens out of 75 I Think that should be numbered Yeah, I'm gonna get after this one. Are you good here? Yeah, ask Jason if you have any questions cool I'm gonna eat after this break it I want 50 David Bell and the end of the box hurts plant doors Josh Allen all right So that does it for Phoenix let's uh contenders or Rizzo Let's go With contenders just because there's a little bit more base Looking for five autos Man, everything is upside down. I guess Hey Logan, how's it going? Good to hear Logan just having some fun right now Doing a little offseason football mixer T la on card Solstice Radiators legendary contenders Ray Lewis. We got a first auto here Elijah Molden for Tennessee That is going to Douglas Don't do this to me Tom Brady playoff ticket. Oh, we got a redemption. Who's gonna reveal it? Let Patty reveal it Oops, hope you didn't see it Let's do it contenders rookie ticket rps. This is our on-card 117 Pat Fryer miss Going to chat So close The flippin is not my friend Javante Williams rookie of the year another auto here Joe try in show yinca for Tampa Bay or chat Supernatural So it's three autos down there my boy Ronda Elmore rookie here power Chris Carson. Oh Okay That's one way to read it or show it Larry Roundtree for the Los Angeles Chargers there Victor That is going to Victor ticket auto Trask and terrace Marshall these will be random After the break left to right left left to right so I'll put these aside so we can randomize those Whoa That's cool We've got a punter auto Presley Harvon the third the Steelers Pittsburgh, that's chat chat. I see that chat Nice winning ticket VP the end of the box here MVP Daniel Jones. Oh, here's our number card Bobby Wagner powered a 99 for the Seahawks contenders done with next Prism Prism no huddle for one autograph in this. I actually love the Prism packs from last year the math prism fast break Family tricked me. I forgot prism. You just flip everything out Jerry Judy Michael Carter emergent March ace. Nice to 79. Oh nice fireworks Trevor Lawrence No huddle parallel there and a Dave Montgomery. No huddle Juante Williams and the Justin Fields prism break No huddle Not numbered. There's braves tied right now. It's still waiting on an auto wrong tray Rhonda, oh Don't do it. Don't do it. Don't do it Out of 79 you just turn up the volume T-Law blue disco at a 79 That's who you're looking for beautiful. That's going to Jacksonville Ethan Great pole landing Collins pink Out of 15 Still waiting on an auto Count pits. Well, who's this? Jill model Nice carl pits What a box at 35 for Atlanta. That's Chris Chris T Dio On the yin bow. That's more color coming up. They haven't Collins Jordan loves second year We've that one is out of 15. Yep. Still waiting on that auto tomorrow chase fireworks Junior, oh, there's the auto Javon Holland the DJ truck behind it Javon Holland, that's for Miami Jason rookie Auto see if we could sneak something else in this box Got another blue some Micah Dirk Brown out of 79 77 out of 79 Greg new some and a Joe B Bad card there's sucking it Cool. All right next up Zenith not really sure the box configuration here, but first card Matt Jude on next card another one Matt Corral out of 299 that is going to Aaron In Carolina and how about that one a Damian Pierce? There we go out of 25 24 out of 25 for Houston It's another nice one James Class president. Wow Hey, this thing Rob Grunkowski It's a cool card never seen it, but it's cool Kyle Pitts z-team. I don't know too much about These cards I'm just gonna sleeve them and the last card. It looks like that should have been auto Cold strange rookie. All right, that's it for Zenith The last box of the break Mosaic choice Can we find Brock or KP? All right last box of the break. You got a redemption Justin Jefferson Silver Leonard for that. I'm gonna use this guy right here mosaic rookie autographs mosaic choice fusion red and yellow card number eight That's Ken Walker the third beautiful That's going to Seattle. That's a Christopher Nice nice. I said I think this is a Black and gold That's a Khalil Mack. I think that's number two eight That is seven of eight almost Almost the train whistle from Joe just missed a cut by three nice black gold. That's going on the Chargers Victor I think the rest is just All right, so we got Jason Taylor. These are number two eighty Keeshawn Johnson Devonte Wyatt and Trayvon Walker, not a bad number one pick not numbered. It's the choice, but That one Do the rest of them sleeves here? Yeah, these are out of 80. I'll side 80. All right, so that doesn't for the break but It's not over We have to give away This Joe burrow out of 25 rookie autograph, but before I do that kid before I do that you just have We've got this card just gonna randomize it real quick Between oh We're just gonna go left and right Sorry, I know it's like really but gotta do it switch it back We've got L and R in here L for left or for right roll the dice five times one two three Four five So it's going to left that's going to search the camera That's gonna go to the Panthers All right. Let me just make a note of that action real quick before we move on Okay, and Yeah Let's Switch it back. We're gonna do a new dice I'm gonna take a new list. We're gonna get all the names Got everybody in there. See that all the names And this is it roll the dice two and a six eight times let's do it one two three four five six seven and eight Eight times just check the dice. All right Let's see who the winner is. Thank you to everybody who got into this break. I know it was a little bit of a long one But I had fun. Oh So close Ethan and who's it gonna be? Aaron Whittington Getting the Joe burrow Wow Let me write that one down to getting that Joe be Joey be let's go back Do a quick recap So this is yours Aaron slap this on the back. Actually, no, I'm not it's a mag I'll sleep it for you after this and then I'll put it on but Yeah, that's yours Aaron and let's do just a quick recap See how we did Trayvon Walker, that's out of eight Kenneth Walker Amy Pierce Matt Corral Kyle Pitts, that's out of 35 A tealaw rookie out of 79 Some contenders autos here Pat Fryer muth RPS And look at that card. That's not even numbered but that is just that's like Brady Kyle Phillips Crystal Lave out of 50 Devin White, that's out of 10 with a nasty patch Trey McBride for my cardinals and a George Pickens out of 99 there All right So That does it for the break guys. Thank you guys for watching. Thank you who got in and I hope everyone has a great night I'll see you in the next one. Bye guys


update. Everyone, Basel Chapman on this Friday, December the 17th, options expiration day, we're looking at the Dow down 485 points at 35,410. Down 1.36% starting to catch up to the others, the weak others, and we'll talk about that in a moment. But first of all, remember I said yesterday at this time, it was good that the Chapman Wave inside track repellent zone was becoming a propellant zone, but it has to hold, well, the Dow reached 36,189. That's less than 400 points from the all-time high. And then it turns around, closes a little bit weak but still above the green line right there. And now that has become a repellent zone. Talk about a repellent zone. Look at the S&P. The S&P made this arch formation and I spoke about this potential for us that the characteristics that we're looking at at this particular point are that double top formation, where it gets to within fractions of the previous high with previous high was months, days, weeks, because it's 47, 43.83 and the S&P 22nd of November pulls back sharp. He makes a V-shaped recovery and goes to what? 4731.9. So it's called a 4732, 1112 points away from an all-time high. Now pulling back, you can see the same thing in the weekly chart. Look at the QQQ, NDX100, the pattern that we're looking at. Remember, I spent a little time yesterday and the day before talking about this pattern that I call the dreaded H. Why? Because if you take out this left side low, you can make an arch formation that fails at a peak A or peak B. And if it takes out that left side low, that'll be 378.90 on the QQQ. It's a 384.35 right now. Watch out. That's going to say. Finally, you've got the second of a big pullback in the H pattern and that's going to make it a determine whether or not December, just the action for the rest of December, we'll be following this closely, IWM, the Russell 2000 small caps has already broken that left side in the arch formation. Now what's really interesting here is that gold is running quite nicely. It's up 10 after a really strong day yesterday. My suspicion is that there's a chance that money's always trying to find a home. And there's a chance now that the gold sector can actually find a home for money. And we start to see a nice counter chair according to the counter for running at least at this time for gold, but at least it could be a decent run. We'll see if gold is able to get it.


Strategic partnerships can be of different sizes and conduct different activities, depending on the objective of the project, the organization's involved, and the expected impact. When you design a strategic partnership activity plan, it is important to ensure coherence between your aim and objectives and the activities you conduct. The activity plan should have a balance in the type of activities, when and where they take place. The order and number of different activities should be logical and explained. A project is a combination of transnational meetings, local activities, and possible learning mobilities. For projects supporting innovation, activities such as multiplier events and development of intellectual outputs are essential elements of the activity plan. Let's have a closer look at these activities. Transnational meetings are meetings of representatives of partners to implement and coordinate the project. In other words, to develop, manage and evaluate the project and strategies, to share ideas and results, to discuss what could be improved in your cooperation.  All meetings should take place in the country of one of the partners. The number of meetings depends on the duration of your project. If it is a six month project, the first meeting and the final evaluation meeting could be enough. In a two year project, more intermediate meetings should be organized. Generally, it is good to meet at least every six months. Think about what has to be done and discussed in these meetings. Take into account the needs of all partners to properly plan these meetings. The lump sum for these meetings includes all costs for travel, launching, food, work materials, visits, and local travels. This might influence your decision on how these meetings look. Do you go to a hotel for two days or do you rent a simple summer cottage and spend your money on specific activities related to your topic or stay a few days longer to strengthen the partnerships by cooking together? Or spend your time on walks and talks? Decide together with all partners how your transnational meetings would best fit your needs. Local activities in youth work and possibly in other educational settings are an essential part of strategic partnerships. They are your laboratories where you can test, explore, and implement your new knowledge, method or tool. Youth workers can use local activities to develop their professional competences. In many partnership projects, youth workers cooperate with local stakeholders from their own field or from other educational fields. Sometimes pedagogues and other educators are involved. In this way their laboratory expands and the impact becomes more significant. In case you develop intellectual outputs, local activities are your playground where you can try out, monitor and evaluate outcomes for further development. Local activities may give you important feedback, data and analysis for research and evaluation. Local activities do not have a separate budget and should be financed from the management and coordination budget. A learning mobility is a transnational learning, teaching or training activity. It is an opportunity for professionals in the organisation to learn together something specific on the topic. A learning mobility within a partnership project can be a long-term mobility of youth workers. Youth workers could be involved in a partner organisation to learn more about how they work with the target group. A good example of a long-term mobility is job shadowing. A long-term mobility has a duration of two to twelve months. A short-term training event. It is aimed to develop the competence of professionals through training related to the topic. Training events can last between three days and two months or a blended mobility of young people. This is a combination of a learning mobility such as an exchange and e-learning. This combination of physical and virtual mobility can have a total duration of five days to two months. You can find all criteria for specific learning mobilities in Annex One to the program guide. Multiplier events are activities only for project supporting innovation. It can be national and transnational conferences, seminars or events to share and disseminate intellectual outputs. The funding covers costs incurred in relation to the organisation of the event depending on the number of participants. In case of project supporting innovation, the development of intellectual outputs is also seen as a separate activity, although they're not necessarily separate face-to-face meetings. Intellectual outputs are entwined with other activities throughout the project. Of course, the development of intellectual outputs will be on the agenda of transnational meetings and the learning mobility must have links with the development of intellectual outputs.


Welcome to this lecture in the course Introduction to Paninian Grammar. So far we have studied in this course certain important features of Paninian grammar, the meta language, the process of speech production, the types of sutras, etc. The compositionality, the layers, etc. Now in this lecture we shall study how accent is treated in Paninian grammar, basics of accent in Panini. So here is a famous first Racha from Rig Veda marked with accent marks, both in Samhita as well as Pada format, Agnimile Purohitam Yadnasyadevam Rtvijam Hotaram Ratna Dhaatamam. Now this is stated in the Pada form in the following manner Agnimile Purahitam Yadnasyadevam Rtvijam Hotaram Ratna Dhaatamam while interpreting the Racha and its meaning and also the Padapata, the traditional commentators they usually take help of the accent rules available in the Paninian grammar. Now same thing happens with 116 Yadang Dashushetvam Agne Bhadram Karishyasi Tave Tat Satyam Angiraha. Here also we have the Pada Yadang Dashushetvam Agne Bhadram Karishyasi Tava It Tat Satyam Angiraha and so on. Even while explaining this Racha the traditional commentators generally take help of the accent rules available in the Paninian grammatical system, not just these two, but overall the traditional commentators like Sayana and Bhattabhaskara and so on they refer to Paninian rules of accent while explaining the forms of the Vedha, the Vedic data. So Paninian grammar is thus used for this very important purpose. Also Panini notes down accents with respect to the language that was spoken in his time. So in this lecture we shall study certain basics of accent treated in the Paninian grammatical tradition. We have already noted that there are three layers in which the Paninian grammatical system functions. The first one is Artha, the second one is Shabda and the third one is Swara. We also noted that Artha is the cause of the articulation of sounds. We have studied this aspect in detail before when we studied the process of speech production. The Artha appears at the beginning of the process of production of speech. The location of this Artha is the intellect, namely the intellectual plane. This Artha is compositional as well as one undivided both at the same time.  So here is an example of how compositional as well as one undivided whole it is. So Vaakya Artha consists of three padarthas for example and each padarthas is also made up of prakritartha and pratyayartha. The plus sign over here shown in red indicates the exclusive Vaakya Artha which is a combination of padarthas and the blue plus sign within the padarthas indicates the over and above meaning available from the prakritartha and pratyayartha which is exclusively the padarthas. Something similar gets replicated in the Shabda level. Here is the expression of the Artha to be communicated. This is an effect, a karya. This can be checked or controlled. This is also compositional as well as one undivided at the same time. This is operational only when known before and Shabda also is compositional and one undivided whole in the same form like this. A Vaakya, Vaakya 1 is composed of three padarthas and each padarthas is composed of prakriti and pratyayas. The plus sign shown in red indicates the combination of padarthas at this intense level and the blue plus sign between the prakriti and pratyayas indicates the exclusive nature of the padarthas. Now something similar also happens to Swara or accent. Here is Vaakya Swara which is made up of three padarthas and each padarthas is made up of prakriti and pratyayas. So the red plus sign between the padarthas indicates the combination of padarthas exclusive Vaakya Swara and the blue plus sign between the prakriti and pratyayas shows the exclusive nature of the padarthas. All these three correspond with each other. All these three layers of artha, padha and swara they correspond with each other. Let us look at the data sets that we have been seeing so far, the data set with respect to accent now with the accent marks. So we have already seen this, Gramam, Gatcha, Tiramaha, Shalaam, Gatcha, Tiramaha and so on. Now we have an additional feature namely the accent marked on it. These are all the sentential accents where we see there is a vertical bar on top of mum, there is no symbol in Gatchati, there is a horizontal bar below Ra and so on and so forth. What is the meaning of all these symbols and how these accents get constructed and composed out of its constituents. Let us try to study this. So first of all we have the prakriti-pratyayaswara which is the basic. We call it the grammatical atom, the anu. So the word grammar is initially accented. Now the system that we use belongs to the Rigvedic system in which the udattaswara, the accent is not marked by any symbol. Now if one is udattas, the rest is anudattas non-accented and then the anudattas that comes immediately after anudattas gets this vertical bar on top and is also called as spharita. In gamma there is only one vowel and the principle is that only the vowels get an accent and not the consonants. So here we have gramma with initial udattas, gamma the only vowel which is udattas, ramma with the final vowel being udattas, shala with the first vowel being udattas. So the next one is spharita, mohana with the final vowel being udattas. So everybody else is anudattas which is shown by the horizontal bar below. Dhrush is udattas, am which is a sup, is by default anudattas, by anudattasupitav, shap is pith, tip is pith, so these vowels are anudattas and sir is a consonant, there is no scope for any vowel getting udattas in it. So these are the prakriti-pratyasvara, the basicsvara, from which now the padasvaras will be constructed. So when gramma gets the anthropics am added to it, this is the status, gramma is adjudattas, am is anudattas, now this anudattas and this anudattas, they get a sandhi and in place of both of them comes one ur which is this ur, so it retains its anudattas status and so gramma continues to remain initially accented, when we have gamma to which ur is added which is anudattas, to which t is added which is also anudattas. So we add both of them and then gamma is substituted by gacchar, so this ur, udattas gets extended and finally we get this initial vowel udattas, so gacchati has these accents. So then this anudattas becomes asvarita in order to indicate that this is an udattas, remember this is a padha level accent, similarly in Rama to which sir is added, there is no scope, so Ramaha is finally accented, Shalaam is initially accented, Mohanaha is finally accented and Paschati is initially accented, these are the padasvaras without the context of the Vakya. Now when they get joined in the sentence, this is what happens, so now we have gramam gacchati Ramaha, this is written with the accent marks retained, the padha accents are retained over here, gramam gacchati Ramaha and similarly gacchati gramam Ramaha if the order is changed or gacchati Ramogramam, so the order is changed over here. So next we take the another set which is the passive voice sentence set, Ramayana Gramo Gammati and Ramayana Shala Gammati and so on and we can explain the accent in the same fashion, these are the prakriti pratyayasvaras and the only change is this inner which is sup therefore it is anudat and here is udat, te is also udat. So now when we join these elements together, we get the padha accents of this kind, Ramayana is middle udat, Gammati is middle udat and Mohanana is having this ne as udat, Shala initial udat and Draswati has got middle vowel udat. So now the Vakkeswara will be of this kind, Ramayana Gramo Gammati, so this Gammati will not be accented anymore as it comes after Gramo, other when Gammati comes in the beginning then it will retain its accent because of the sutras available to us. Now the general rules marking the accent are the following, the accent known as udat is not marked with any symbol, the accent known as anudat is marked with a horizontal bar below the letter like inner, both the letters are marked with the horizontal bar indicating that both the vowels are anudat, the accent known as varita is marked with a vertical bar on top of the letter. So this sooner is anudat but it comes immediately after anudat so it is thus varita marked with the vertical bar on top, the anudatas which are described as ekashruti they are also unmarked. Each verbal element prakriti pratyaya or padha contains at least one udat, remaining all vowels are anudat, this is stated by the paribhashasutra anudatam padam ekavarjam. The anudat the vowel that comes before anudat is marked with the horizontal bar below and the anudat the vowel that comes after anudat is termed as svarita and is marked with the vertical bar above. This svarita is also called paratantrasvarita, the anudat the vowels which come after the paratantrasvarita they are termed as ekashruti and are unmarked for example ramena gramo gammyate. So gammyate are all anudatas and therefore they come after the svarita inmo and therefore they become ekashruti. But when these anudatas or ekashruti vowels are followed by an udat the vowel. In the next word the final amongst these ekashruti is shown as an anudat the vowel with the horizontal bar below to indicate that the next vowel is udat. Generally all the verbal roots have their final vowel udat by dhatoho. Generally all the nominal roots have their final vowel udat this is the fit sutra which tells this fishaunta udatta and fit is pratipadika. Generally all the suffixes have their initial vowel udatta by the sutra adyudattascha. A verb which is a thinganta has one udatta only when it appears in the initial position in the sentence or is part of a subordinate clause. These are the general rules governing the accents about certain key terms used in the context of the accentual rules. First of all udatta what is an udatta defined as uchai udatta a vowel with high tone or pitch is called udatta each and every verbal element contains at least one udatta at all levels beat a prakriti or a pratyaya or a padha. As an exception derivates with tavai and the devata duvandva compounds they are said to have two udattas. Similarly the anodatta is described as nichai rannodatta a vowel with low tone or pitch is called anodatta all but one verbal elements contain anodatta at all levels prakriti level and pratyaya and also the padha level it is described as grave by abhyankar same as same in the just as abhyankar describes udatta as acute. Similarly it describes anodatta as grave and anodatta vowel receding anodatta it is shown with a horizontal bar below and swarita described by the sutra samahara swarita a vowel with a combination of tone or pitch of both udatta and anodatta is called swarita again it it exists at all the levels prakriti pratyaya as well as padha level this is called circumflex by abhyankar and anodatta following an udatta is termed as swarita and is marked with a vertical bar on top this is called paratantras swarita sometimes the swarita also occupies the position of udatta which is called swatantras swarita. Swatantras swarita there is a possibility of only one swatantras swarita in an element like anodatta and so the rest will all be anodattas this is not explicitly defined but this is derived with the help of the marker the in the system of paninian grammar by the sutra tithswaritam 61 185 prachaya is another important term also known as ekashruti monotone as described by abhyankar all the anodattas after the swarita which is paratantras swarita are termed as ekashruti and are not marked by any other symbol but this should not be confused with an udatta vowel another important principle to be remembered in this case is sutrishtras swarabali astva this talks about the accent dynamics accent in derivation process in the derivation each and every item in the initial enunciation contains an accent as we have seen before when the next element is introduced a state occurs where there are two elements and so there are two accents in the one derived unit which is not going to be accepted as a general fact one derived element has to have only one accent so one of the two accents will have to be retained over the other and the principle is the one will have to be restricted in a limited domain now this material says that the accent of the element is retained which is stated later in the presence of an earlier element so the accent of the earlier element is restricted to a limited domain there are certain exceptions to this which we shall study in detail when we look at the advanced level course so let us now go back to the Rigvedas rachas which we cited earlier and try to see which ones are udattas and which ones are anudattas and which are prachayas here we have the first racha of Rigveda agni mere in this this gni this e is without any symbol now it is shown with the horizontal bar preceding and the vertical bar following which indicates that this is anudattas this is an anudattas this is also an anudattas but because it comes immediately after anudattas this is turned into a paratantraswarita shown with the vertical bar on top now this is a verb actually e way but because it comes immediately after another earthing anta therefore it has lost all its accent therefore both these are anudattas but because this anudattas comes immediately after a swarita this is marked without any symbol but do not confuse this with this this is anudattas e but this a in le is not anudattas this is prachayas similarly this poo in purohitam is marked with a horizontal bar below it and he is marked with a vertical bar on top of it which indicates that this o is udattas this is a paratantraswarita followed by this tam which is not marked by any symbol which is an anudattabhaval which comes immediately after a swarita therefore it is unmarked this is a prachayas do not confuse this with this o o over here is udattata over here is prachayas now in the adnyasya this a in between is udattas because it precedes an anudattabhaval shown by a horizontal bar below and a paratantraswarita which is an anudattas with a vertical bar on top similarly in devam and rithvijam and everywhere else this is how the system of udattas and anudattas and swarita gets explained by the traditional commentators in order to explain the data from the vedha using the paninian terminology now let us quickly go and study and take some information about the texts which are solely devoted to the explanation of accents although the sutras dealing with accent in the paninian grammatical tradition have been commented on by several commentators including the bhattuji dikshita and also the nagesha we have some independent treatises focusing only on accent and here are some of them swarasiddhanta manjari composed by nrishimha pandita in the 15th century CE also known as swaramanjari which talks about lopagamavikarascha prakrte pratyayascha chacha pulita sandhipadanaancha samasanaancha veda taha accents with respect to all these aspects namely the lupa of the words agamavikara that is adesha of the prakriti as well as pratyaya and then pulita and sandipada and also the samasa accents of all these they are treated separately in this particular text called swaramanjari by nrishimha pandita then another important text is swaraprakriya composed by ramachandra shesha composed in 18th century CE with 410 sutras divided into 7 chapters this is also published by anandashramma pune in 2001 and we are working on the translation of this particular text translation and annotation and also a subscript commentary then there is swarasiddhanta chandrika composed by shrinivasayajvan composed in the 19th century CE with 516 sutras in 12 chapters with a long introduction in 42 verses swarasiddhanta chandrika again swaraprakriya composed by bhagavad bhakta composed in 19th century CE with 360 sutras having 10 chapters in all to conclude accent plays a crucial role in the formation of padas as well as vakya rules transform the prakriti swara and the pratyaya swara into the padasvara rules transform the padasvara swaras into avakya swara order of words is therefore significant in some script from the point of view of accent to have the overall conclusions we can say that the principle of compositionality does play a crucial role in the formation of sentence meaning sentence and sentence accent in Sanskrit it is this principle which protects scientificness of the inquiry in general it is this principle that also allows multiple interpretations of a given text based on multiple possible compositions but at the level of speech production comprehension and communication we also need the non-compositionality in divisibility compositionality and non-compositionality both go hand in hand that is what is the overall picture which is summed up by a sutra called sarvasattvadas siddhanta in the shabdasutra we will study some more features of accent and how accent gets derived in the next lecture of this course thank you for your attention


Hello friends, in this video we are going to see about Error Control Mechanisms used in Sliding Window Flow Control Methods. At the end of this course we are going to understand the working mechanisms of various Error Control Methods and we are going to compare the performance of these methods. The goals we are trying to find the effect of errors and how to control these errors in Sliding Window Flow Control Mechanism and there are two methods are defined. The first is go back in ARGU, it is standing for Atomatic Repeat Request and second is Slate Reject Atomatic Repeat Request. At the end we are going to compare the performance of these two methods. Before we start the actual mechanism, let us try to understand some important terms used in Sliding Window Flow Control Method. In this mechanism we use the frame-based communication, each frame is given with the sickness number, then at the center side we manage one window, also we manage one window at receiver side. Before we start communication, we define the window size and finally during communication they use a feedback signal, it is named as receiver ready for nth sickness number. Let us try to understand the basic working mechanism of Sliding Window Flow Control. There are two sides are shown in the figure, one is transmitter, other is a receiver. At the transmitter side we manage one window, it is called sender's window and also we manage one window at receiver, it is called receiver's window. The size of windows are very much same, at the center side the sender stores all the frames which he want to transmit on the channel. The sender sends some frames on the channel. In the figure it is shown that it is sending frame F1, F2, F3 and F4 and after some time the frames are coming at receiver side. The receiver is applying some check against error and he is going to plan the feedback. Now in the figure it is shown that the receiver is applying check on frame F1, F2, F3 and he is planning for giving the feedback here. So he gives the feedback as RR4, it means that he acknowledges all the three frames that is F1, F2, F3 and he is waiting for the fourth frame onwards here. Now in this method, in this case even the frame number 4 is issued correctly and suppose the feedback is coming as RR4, the sender has to start its next phase of transmission from the frame number 4. That is frame number 4 is discarded by the receiver. This is the policy we use in the studying window flow control mechanism. Now we will consider errors on the channel during communication. Now in the practical channels we normally are finding some errors on the channel. Now these errors are because of noises and various parameters occurring on the channels. Now because of these errors the data inside the data frame is get changed here. That is the 0 may change to 1 or 1 may change to 0 here. And this single bit error is going to garble entire frame because a single bit error is going to mismatch the checks that we insert in the frame and the receiver side is going to give the feedback as the negative acknowledgement. Now there are two types of error control methods we define. The first is called go back and ARQ. The second is related to reject ARQ. Let us try to understand the working mechanism of go back and now in this diagram again the sender is going to plan to send the frame F1, F2, F3, F4. After sometime these frames are coming at the receiver side and again this is going to apply the check against error and first he is going to keep all the received frames in the window that is F1, F2, F3 and F4 and when he check the frame F2 against error he is finding some error here and so that he is going to plan the feedback as RR2. The number 2 is going to acknowledge the frame F1 and he also denotes that the receiver is going to expect the frames to onwards here. Now getting this feedback on sender side the sender again plan for the next phase of communication by re-aligning its window that is he will start its next phase of communication from F2 and onwards here that is F2, F3, F4 and onwards here. In my in this case even this frame F3 and F4 are received by receiver successfully the sender is going to start its communication from frame number 2 onwards here that is frame number 3 and frame number 4 are discarded by the receiver. This kind of mechanism is called as the go back in ARQ method. Let us try to understand one more method here it is called slate to reject ARQ mechanism. Now again in this diagram the sender is planning to send the frame F1, F2, F3 and F4. Again the same thing is happening here the F2 is having error inside the frame. So the receiver is going to give the feedback as the feedback signal now like in this case the feedback signal is taken as Rej and after that we are going to write the frame number in which we are finding the error. In this case we are having error inside the frame number 2. Now when this feedback comes back to the sender side the sender only repeats the frame F2 and he will continue to send the previous frames onwards here that is he will plan to send the frame F5, F6 and onwards here that is in this mechanism we only repeat that frame which is under error and this kind of method is called as slate to repeat or also it can be called as slate to reject method. Now how to compare the performance of these two different methods here. Now to understand the effect of its performance we take two things in talk on the first is total delay of transmission and second is the bandwidth required for entire file transmission. Now just try to put a question here out of these two methods which is the best method and when to use which method during communication. Now in the go back end method the transmitter is going to repeat some of the frames he already sent on the channel hence in this method we require more frames to transmit to send this entire file and because we are sending more frames in this method we also require more bandwidth on the network now whereas in the slate to reject ARQ in this method the transmitter only transmit those frames which are under error and he is not repeating any additional frame except the error frame on the channel hence we require less time period to transmit the entire file on the channel and also we require less bandwidth because we are having less frames to transmit now going beyond now when to use which method actually go back and method is recommended for those networks in which errors are occurring frequently on networks because the error pattern normally we encounter it is seen that when there is coming in a single frame it remains for number of frames on the given channel it is normally happening with the networks having low performance issues there so go back in methods is recommended for those networks which are having some lower performances during communication whereas the slate to reject ARQ method is recommended for those networks which are very good and they're having very less errors during communication that is the networks which are having better performance during communication so it is found that in this networks errors are coming quite rarely and even this errors are coming on network they don't remain more than one frame here so in this case we are recommending a method which is called the slate to reject ARQ so as a underline we can say go back in method is recommended for those networks which are having poor performances or errors are coming quite frequently and the slate to reject method is used in that network in which the error is coming quite rarely now these are my references I use two books here one is for us and other is William Stylings


And the family of Chief Saeed Bello and the residents of Olupatown have come out to protest against what they term as demolition and forceful seizure of their landed property by some unnamed elements in the Bedro Lecky area of Lagos. And those who spoke to Plus TV say that men who came for the demolition claimed to be government officials, a correspondent Paul George reports. This men and women are crying out for help. They sing solidarity songs carrying placards with different inscriptions. The traditional ruler of Olupatown, Chief Saeed Bello, explains how Catapela tracks were rolled in to demolish their property. The reason we are gathered for this peaceful protest is because some unknown persons who I call land grabbers suddenly came to look for land and started marking out properties. The next day they rode in Catapela trucks and started the demolition of houses and fences. We have some people who bought properties and have been here for over 20 years. We have the file number and certificate of occupancy for the property. Bello said the property has been around for about 300 years and cannot just be seized without notice. Here I have a begged the Lagos State government to wade into the matter saying that the perpetrators who carried out the demolition should be identified and fished out. At least our families have been occupying this town for more than the last 300 years. When this incident happened we went to the office of the permanent secretary and the surveyor general and they both claimed that they were not aware of the demolition. Emmanuel Ongaboriri was built terrace shops on his property expressed surprise for the sudden demolition without prior notice. He spoke alongside an indigent. We are here at the end of November of Monday group of people came that they came from government so that they are coming to take over here, that they have acquired the land from government. So we thought they were playing without any notice. The next day being Tuesday they came with bulldozers and some group of people. This land I have actually acquired it I have a sea of oil in the land not that I just played. We went to Lagos State government they said they don't know anything about the issue. So what we see is Catapela is demolishing people's house, house fences, even the land I have a sea of oil on behalf of the youth of this oluqa community at Iberjuleki. I call the support of the governor to have messing on us and for even the incoming president. As the residents lament they are determined to see the matter is brought to a logical conclusion. Paul George plus TV news.