So, what I want to do today is tell you three, what I think are the three most important things to think about in this going native movement that I'm working on. And I have been working in the field of native plant conservation and horticulture my whole adult life. I studied plant ecology in college. I then did a bunch of organic horticultural internships and my first real seed propagation work began as a volunteer at the Arnold Arboretum with Jack Alexander. And one of the things I always remember him saying on the first day I was with him was how he, so at the Arnold Arboretum they have woody plants from all over the world, hardy woody plants from all over the world. And he had a great job just being able to germinate seeds of everything. And he'd show me the different strategies they used from sawing, you know, making a little hole in the seed code, pouring boiling water over the seed, putting them in and out of the refrigerator. And then he said, in reality, what works best is if you just throw them outside. And Wild Seed Project, I'm dedicated to demystifying native seed sowing because, you know, the loss of native species from our region is so big we need lots of people to be doing this. So with my talk, I'll talk to show you a little bit more how to do that. But today what I'm going to do is I want to first let you know that our native plants are really beautiful and we have a lot of great species that could be planted in our urban, suburban, you know, all our developed landscapes. I also want you to go away understanding that they are crucial for biodiversity in our local ecosystem. You know, the native plants are the foundation of the food web. So we have to have them. It's not optional. We need to have them. And finally, I want to tell you about the role that gardeners, landscapers, all of us play in, can play in supporting the genetic diversity of our native flora because what's going on in the horticulture industry is counter to preserving the genetic diversity. So I'm going to begin with beauty. Can we turn the lights off? Wouldn't that film better? I feel like the pictures would show up a lot better. So there are, we have so many beautiful native plants that can be substituted for, you know, our common landscaping garden plants in every different situation. And they're great natives for sunny, dry conditions, for instance, where most people think, oh, you can only either do nothing or plant daylilies and beech rows, both are, which are from Eurasia. So not indigenous here. So if you look at this picture, the upper left, that's Aronia, our black choke berry, that's a great native shrub, couldn't tolerate worst, you know, the most infertile, dry, sandy, gravely soil. Next to it, the orange flower is butterfly milkweed. That's one of, it's actually extinct now in Maine, but it did used to grow in Maine. It was it from the coastal sand plain area, like down in the Wells, Kennebunk area. But that is a very easy native wild perennial to grow and thrives in sandy, dry, gravely soil, and it supports a monarch butterfly. Bottom left is our native, we have several native roses that can be substituted for the rosa regosa, that beech rose that is not native, and again thrives in poor soil. And then on the right is black-eyed coneflower or black-eyed susan. Another one that just thrives in sunny, dry conditions. So we have native plants that thrive in infertile soil, so that don't take fussing to plant.  We have so many great woody plants and wildflower, perennial wildflowers that thrive in ditches. So on the upper left is blue vervein, that's a wetland meadow wildflower. And by the way, a lot of wetland plants are very drought tolerant. So they can be in a ditch or under a downspout, get flooded and then tolerate also bone-dry soil. So they're tolerant of that fluctuating water levels. The top right is our native blue flag iris. The bottom right is the swamp milkweed. So it's another one of our milkweed species that, like all milkweeds, support the monarch butterfly, but also lots of other pollinators. It also makes an excellent garden plant.  We've got a lot of native shrubs that thrive in damp, soggy soil. Then tough shady sites, you know, where especially in Portland, people seem to think that the only solution for the shade is Bart mulch or maybe some hostas.  We have so many excellent native plants that can thrive in both dry shade and in more mesic fertile shade. And so you're looking at the picture here, purple-flowering raspberry, which is a shrub, Canada anemone, largely wood aster, and hastened fern. These are some of our toughest native ground covers that could fill large areas that now have nothing growing, you know, maybe in the shade of a building or a tree. We also have, you know, the more delicate woodland wildflowers. This is blood root that make excellent shade garden plants. So again, diversifying beyond the hosta solution, which don't support the other creatures.  We even have a native pachystandra. You know, people know the ground cover of pachystandra, which is the one that's commonly used is from Asia. Well, we actually have an Appalachian pachystandra. It doesn't grow wild in Maine, but it's perfectly hardy here. And unlike the Asian one, this one supports our local fauna, the pollinators, the birds. By the way, on your handout, you've got the names of a lot of different species. So you can take that home and sort of use it as a plant list. We've got lots of beautiful small flowering trees and shrubs. This is the alternate leaf or pagoda dogwood. It's about to bloom now, and it attracts a lot of the little teeny native bees. And then later on, produce fruit. So, you know, we've got native Hawthorne spice bush, different couple of different species of dogwood, shad, lots of flowering trees and shrubs. And then they all produce fruits that are crucial for migrating songbirds. They also host a lot of butterflies and moths in their foliage, you know, butterflies and moths to live and reproduce. It's not just the nectar that they need. They actually need, in their caterpillar stage, the foliage of native plants. You know, you've learned that about the monarch butterfly, but that's not a unique situation in nature. All of our butterfly and moth species need host plants. And so a lot of our native trees and shrubs support a lot of different butterflies and moths in their juvenile stage. We have a native evergreen rhododendron. This is the Rose Bay rhododendron. The northernmost population of this plant is down near Samford, Maine, so about 45 minutes from here. There's a huge stand of, with hundreds of plants, it's a protected site owned by the New England Wildflower Society. It, these bloom in July, so it's a late blooming rhododendron, has big dark green evergreen leaves. We also have a handful of native azaleas native to Maine and then quite a few more species native south to us that are perfectly hardy. Again, most people's gardens are planted with hybrids of the exotics or, you know, an exotic one, but we have our own native species. And this one bumblebees the love. You know, a lot of people are familiar with garden spireas. Again, it's usually one of the European or Asian species, but we have two native ones. This is called steeplebush and we have another one called white spirea. These are butterfly and pollinator magnets. They're nice, small shrubs. They only get a couple feet tall and are easy to grow. So again, we could be substituting these native species for the common horticultural plants that are not part of our ecosystem. We even have a native hydrangea. Now it doesn't grow wild in Maine. It grows wild in southern New England, out to the Midwest and down to Georgia, but it's perfectly hardy here. This is hydrangea arborescens. There's a common cultivar of this with big white pom-pom flowers called Annabelle. And that it was a naturally occurring sport or freak that somebody found in the wild and it's a double flowered form. So when you look at this plant, you see those big petals that are ringing it? Those are actually infertile and then the fertile flowers are that cluster in the little and the wild form of this plant is covered with little pollinating insects and bumblebees when it's blooming. The double flowered form, most of the hydrangeas, whether they're the native or the Asian, are those pom-pom ones. What happens is with double flowers is that the stamens and pistols, which are the sex organs of the plant, they've mutated and they look like petals. That's why, so there's no nectar, there's no pollen, so there's nothing for the insects to do. That's why they bloom for so long, they don't do anything. So it's very interesting to see the wild form of this blooming next to a double flowered one where I've seen like a bumblebee dive into the double flowered one and then give up and go away because there's no nectar for it. Now I can't promise you, I know everybody loves the blue hydrangea and we don't have a native one that does that. But we have tons of beautiful native perennial wildflowers that are blue. So the upper left is the blue wood flocks, upper right is Jacob's ladder, both of those are blooming right now. Bottom left is Bottle Gentian that blooms in August, September and the bottom right is the Great Blue Lobelia. I'll talk about that plant again in a minute. Then we see the upper left is Blue Flag Iris. The upper right is our true native lupine, the Sundial Lupin, which is also extinct in Maine. It grew like that orange butterfly weed, it grew in the sand plains like down in the Wells, Kennebunk area. And the sandy soils are the first to get developed because they're so easy to build on. So there's none of it left in Maine. It's rare throughout New England. It still grows a bit down south and all the way up to the prairie states. Very easy lupin to grow. The one that you see growing wild in Maine is actually from the Pacific Northwest. Then on the bottom left, that's our little Campanula. And the bottom right is one of our many species of aster. This is the smooth blue aster. So we have lots of great blue plants, but I can't give you a blue hydrangea. So anyone can substitute some of these native plants for exotics and whether you want to make a whole garden of natives like this one here, or whether you just want to choose one species to plant and add to your garden. This is New England aster, which this person planted it right in front of her fence along the street. And in September and October, it just covered with bumblebees and the migrating monarch butterflies. If you live in the city or an apartment and have no earth to plant, you can still do something. Native plants can grow in planters, window boxes, or get out there and plant your health strip, that terrible soil between the street and the sidewalk. So everybody can do something. But the real reason to go native to start planting natives is if we want our region to stay resilient and diverse, because people are everywhere and we're taking up the space that used to be the local flora and fauna. This picture is taken right along the Przomska River in Portland, so you can see the suburbia creeping into the woods. That's a very diverse, there's a lot of woodland wildflowers in the front of that picture. There's trilium, there's wood anemone, there's trout lily. So a lot of the slow growing woodland wildflowers that are indicative of land that has always remained forested. And in Portland in the 17 and 1800s, their river was so polluted, we treated it like a dump, that nobody wanted to live along the river. And so it actually protected some of the native plants. The other places around Portland where you still see a really diverse population of woodland wildflowers is Evergreen Cemetery and Robinson Woods. That also has a lot. But along the Przomska River, but here if you look at this picture, this is so typical where we are creeping up and isolating the natural landscape. And when you get isolated populations, they get smaller and smaller over time and become inbred. So we need to figure out how to reconnect up these remnant habitats. And we can do that by planting the native plants in our developed landstakescapes and creating corridors. Same things in open areas. We are mowing the native flora and fauna away. And mowing, this is the Eastern Proms Cemetery. And cemeteries often have a lot of still remnant meadow wildflowers because they were never, they were turned into cemeteries early. They tend to have sandy soils, which the lawn grasses don't thrive in as well. But they get mowed right when the blue it and the wild strawberry and the little violets start blooming, which is right around now. What happens? The mowing guys come out and start mowing it. So if we want to have diverse meadows, we need to not mow them during the growing season. Mowing mid-season, and by mid-season, I mean before November, is the equivalent of a clear cut to meadow species, whether it's the wildflowers or all the creatures that live in there. It is a clear cut for them. And the mowing in mid-season, that comes from agriculture and hang. So of course, if you're harvesting a hay crop, you need to mow it in the summer. But if you're not, let it grow. And like these asters, I don't collect the astr seeds till the first or second week in November. So if you have asters blooming in August or September or any other wildflower, and then you mow it then, you cut back it. Don't let it reproduce from seed. A lot of them are perennials. And they'll come back from their roots for a while.  So it's one of the ways that we are really setting back the native species. Now, it doesn't mean that we can do nothing and just stop mowing everywhere. And the reason is, is because of invasive species. We have introduced all our invasive species were purposefully introduced by horticulture, actually, and widely planted. And so luckily, the invasives aren't hard to identify. It's much easier to learn the common invasives in your meadow and just keep cutting them back. And you can do it if you've just got them popping up here and there. You can just be persistent and clip them right at the ground level. And if they're one of the nasty ones, it might take five years. If they're one of the easier ones, any plant has to photosynthesize to survive. So if you can keep it from growing back, it will eventually give up the go. So we can't do nothing. But we are mowing what remnant wildflowers we still have in meadows away. We need to protect where we do still have existing diverse, healthy habitat. This is the Rachel Carson Reserves and Wells. And this is a really beautiful little remnant piece of forest with a lot of diversity of both mature canopy trees understory. That arching shrub is a witch hazel and then a lot of different wildflowers on the forest floor. But these areas are all being isolated and cut off by us. And we need to protect them and make sure we start connecting up these remnant habitats through our developed landscapes. So what do I mean by the word native? It's a very loaded word. Europeans, especially Germans, won't even use it anymore because what happened during World War II within Nazis. But the term native is relative. And when we say native, we tend to mean what plants were growing here pre-Columbian. Because when Columbus came, that was the beginning of the great big disturbance. This is a picture from the Camden Hills. But 13,000 years ago when the glaciers were treated, this was nothing but gravel and sand and gravel and rock. There were no plants here. All our flora got pushed south to the coastal sand plain, to some remnant areas in the southern Smoky Mountains and to the Gulf area. So our flora has had to migrate north and south. There have been at least six ice ages in the last couple million years.  And some of them began when we were still Pangea, one big island. And then the continents started breaking up. So our plants have undergone climatic change before. They have adapted to that. What they haven't adapted to is the rapidity and the obstacles that we have put in place via us. After the last ice age, it was, as the plants migrated north, there was basically unbroken up landscape for them to migrate. And that's what we've changed. So the term native still refers to not the new plants that have come since then. But yes, all these new plants that have come since then. Some day we will have to consider them native. But as far as them becoming part of our ecosystem, that takes millions of years. After the last biggest extinction at the end of the dinosaurs, it didn't take 50 years. It didn't take 500 years for new ecosystems. It takes millions of years for that to happen. That's why we need to keep the native diversity that we still have around for as long as we can. So what's the difference between a wild plant and a domesticated plant? Because there's a big difference. So our native plants have only recently been adapted, taken on by horticultures. So they're still wild. So this is a New England aster.  And the petals, that color is to attract the pollinators. It's not, we're not the pollinators. It wasn't invented for us. It was for the different insects that they've co-evolved for. And then the stamens and pistols are usually in the center.  And so wild plants, there are some species that are wind pollinated. But three quarters of them need some other creature. And in the north, it's mostly insects. Hummingbirds are our only bird pollinator. If we were from the tropics, there are a lot of more birds that are pollinators. But for us, it's just the mostly butterfly bees, beetles, flies. But the bees are the big ones. And we end the butterflies in moths. And we have about, I think, something like 270 native bee species in Maine. And so with wild plants, their different insects are attracted to different plants. So if you want to have pollinator diversity, you've got to have plant diversity. And these wild plants are the base of the food chain. Plants, they're what all the other creatures need to live. In the oceans, it's the microorganisms that are the base of the food chain. But on land, it's the plants. The other characteristic of a wild plant is that it doesn't grow alone. It grows as part of a community. So this is our native iris. There's no such thing as a monoculture in nature. There's always, even what might look to you like only one species, it's not really. There's many species of plants and then all the different fungi and bacteria, all the microorganisms of the soil. So there's lots of diversity. There's no monoculture in nature. Then the other thing about how plants are is how they get their nutrients. Plants don't need food the way animals do. They make their energy, their food, from sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. And then they get their micronutrients from the minerals in the soil. So it's like the equivalent of their vitamins almost. And in decay, so think of what happens in a healthy forest every year. Every year, copious amount of leaves, animal poop, dead animals, insects, branches fall down to the forest floor and begin the process of decay. And that decay happens with bacteria and fungi and all the little creatures of the soil. And what do most gardeners or humans do? We rake all that away. And we've been trained to think by the horticulture industry that we need to feed our plants. We don't. We need to just let the natural recycle process happen. So how do you do that in our developed landscapes? You start by letting the leaves stay. Now you can rake them off your paths. Or if you have them in lawn, they will smother the lawn because the lawn grasses need shade. But everywhere else, leave them where they fall. If you're creating a new garden, you may need to even bring more leaves in. And like Portland composts all its leaves. In fact, it's great that they're not getting dumped. They're getting composted. But it's made people who might have let their leaves fall where they may. Instead, they're raking them up and sending them off. So they're completely ruining the nutrient cycling. So leaves, our native plants are not domesticated. They don't. Vegetables, they've been bred.  So you have to add a lot back to the soil when you're growing vegetables and when you're growing the really cultivated plants. But with native plants, they don't even like that super high fertility of a really rich compost. They don't need that. It's really leaf mold is the perfect soil amendment. Or you can't get that a good decayed hardwood bark mulch. So now I want to just focus on what's going on in the horticulture industry. And I use the word industry on purpose because it has really changed in my adult lifetime with native plants. So right now you're looking at this is a cultivar of our native red maple or swamp maple tree. The red maple, it's not the Norway maple that has those purple leaves. It's a green leaf tree. It's called red maple because the flowers in the spring are red. The keys are red. And then it turns a brilliant color in the fall. And it's one of our native trees that does really well as a street tree. So it's widely planted as a street tree. But there are almost always cultivars. Now cultivars are clones. And so what a cultivar is, it can be a naturally occurring sport or freak that some nurseryman found and decided that one was more superior. And you can recognize it at the nursery because it has the names in quotes. So this one that was chosen was chosen because the branches are very vertical and going upright. And if you look in the nursery catalog, they market it as a street tree. They say, this is a great street tree because the branches won't grow out and hit your building or hit the trucks. Well, anyone who's ever taken a pruning class, the very first thing you learn is that when a tree like apple, if you've done apple pruning, the crotch in a tree, that's where the trunk and the branch comes out. If it's narrow, there's very little tissue, and it makes a really weak branch. And so those branches always break off. So apple growers prune those out because it's got to hold the weight of the apples. So you can see in these trees, half the branches are dead because they've all been ripped off by the ice and snow load. And half the tree is dead because it's not a good selection. The other thing is this tree is all a clone. So there's only one, this whole line of them, there's probably 10 different clones of our native red maple that are widely marketed for street trees and widely planted. So they're all one individual gene. So remember the Irish potato famine, why did all the potatoes get wiped out in Ireland? Because it was one individual, and a disease or pest comes along, there's no genetic diversity. And so here we actually have a great native tree that even does well in our poor urban environment, but yet we're not planting any genetic diversity of it. These are our two native lobelia species. The left is the great blue lobelia and the right is cardinal flower. Both of them grow wild in Maine. The blue lobelia is quite rare. They both make great garden plants. They're very easy to grow from seed. The red cardinal flower is a hummingbird plant. And you can always tell plants that the hummingbird's light because the flower has a long throat that fits that hummingbird beak. Well, if you go to a nursery, most of what they sell are either hybrids between our two native species or between the cardinal flower and there's lots of tropical lobilias. And when you hybridize plants, you can mess up their sex organs.  So the same thing can happen with plants. And when you hybridize plants, sometimes they'll still be fertile, but they'll be more deformed. So they won't produce the same amount in nectar or pollen. And so these plants are often marketed as great for hummingbird plants, but the hummingbird comes and either there's no nectar or there's not as much nectar and hummingbirds are already stressed because we've damaged the ecosystem. So hybridizing is not what we want with if we want to support the pollinators and other fauna. Both of these plants are really easy to grow from seed. Purple cone flower, if anyone's been an herb gardener for decades, you know, the cone flower. So on the right, you're seeing the wild form of purple cone flower. This is a prairie wild flower. It ranges naturally into Southwestern Pennsylvania, but it's a very hardy plant and it's a great pollinator attractor. Birds love the seeds. Well, in the last 25 years, it's become a very popular perennial garden plan and the nurseries have started hybridizing it. There's about a dozen different cone flower species all native to the Midwest. And if you look at the picture on the left, you can see yellow one and orange ones. And then right in the middle, this, that's a double flowered form. So there's no nectar, there's no pollen. These plants are now being patented. So, you know, they're, which means they're controlled. So if you had a little nursery here, you're not even allowed to propagate them. So, and they've totally, they're also not hardy anymore. A lot of these Echinaceae hybrids are all coming from a big nursery and greenhouse grower in Texas. You know, when you mass produce plants in a greenhouse, so they're often propagated by tissue culture where that's, you know, the old fashioned way to clone a plant was just to dig up and divide the root system and you have two, you know, the same individual or maybe do cuttings. Now they're more often done in a laboratory in a process called tissue culture where they take, they can just take a small number of cells from the mother plant and then culture it and literally in a Petri dish, get thousands of plants and then they prick them out and grow them under very sterile conditions which means they use a lot of nasty chemicals to keep it sterile and then eventually they can put them in a big greenhouse and then eventually move them outside. And again, they're often controlled through patenting so you can't even propagate them. So this is what we don't wanna happen to our native plants because they won't be supporting all the other organisms. This is one of our great native shrubs called dwarf yellow honeysuckle, direvilla lunissera. It's a bumblebee pollinated plant, the little yellow flowers. After the bee has visited them, they turn red so you can tell with this group here, some the bee has already been to and others have just opened up and haven't been pollinated. And right when they leaf out in the spring, like right now, if you look on the left, see that coppery color on the leaves? So lots of plants have that purple or reddish coppery color when they leaf out in the spring. And it's deter herbivores, so insects, browsing mammals just for a week or two as they're photosynthesizing because they're desperate to photosynthesize and get some energy into their root system. And then they turn green after that. Well, this direvilla plant is now really popular in the nursery trade and there's now this, somebody found one that stayed purple all growing season and you can now get that. But so there are five species of leptopter moths that have to have the foliage of this plant during their caterpillar stage. And the caterpillars hate that purple chemical. They won't eat it. So imagine if we found a purple leaf form of milkweed. The monarch butterfly would lay its eggs on it and then the caterpillars would hatch and they go, tastes terrible and they wouldn't be able to eat it and they would die. That's what when we start selecting for these traits that we might think are beautiful. And I'm not making an aesthetic judge. It's fine if you think this is beautiful but if you want to support our ecosystem and all the other creatures, these unusual forms will not do that. And like I said, the caterpillars don't even like this one. This is wild geranium, which is now just starting to bloom. Wild great native perennial for sort of part shade to full shade. And there's a, I mean, I don't know why people just think this brown leaf form is pretty, but somebody does. So if you go to a nursery, you'll see I think it's called geranium chocolate. And it stays brown, like I said, all season and there are 24 species of butterflies and moths that feed on the foliage of the wild geranium. So if we start planting this purple leaf form everywhere, we will not be supporting them. It will even start hybridizing or crossing. It's not hybrid because it's the same species, but that one clone will mix with the wild form and start changing it. This is not what we want to have happen with our native plants. The other thing that's different with wild plants and wild seed is how the seeds need to break dormancy to germinate. So these are some seedlings of that same wild geranium. And the seeds release in the summer and if I sowed 100 seeds, they actually have to go through a winter before they'll break dormancy and germinate the next spring. So this little pot you're looking at has, the bigger leaves are the ones that germinated last year. So about a third of that plant seeds will germinate the next year. And then the rest of them germinated this spring. And so that is a really good strategy in a wild plant to disperse the germination of your seedlings over time. So for instance, remember the drought we had last year? Well, and the year before too. Probably a lot of the wild geranium seeds that did germinate last year ended up shriveling up and dying because it never rained over the whole summer. So that's a wild, you know, a lot of our native plants have this double dormancy where some of the seeds will wait and germinate a couple of years later. And that is a good strategy in a wild plant and something that we don't want to lose as these plants come into the nursery trade. The other thing you need to be aware of if you're interested in planting natives is not purchasing wild collected native plants. This is the Pink Lady Slipper Orchid. Some of our wild plants don't take the cultivation. Lady Slipper Orchids, the seed takes about 12 years from seed to reach blooming size. The seeds have to have some different soil fungi for the seed to germinate or for the plant to grow. You know, so this plant is, you know, common, still common in more acid woodlands, but when you see it, like a lot of people will call me up and say, oh, you know, some trees came down in that storm this winter and now we have Pink Lady Slippers came in or blooming everywhere and they just appeared. Well, they didn't just appear. Those plants were there already. Either that person didn't recognize them because they didn't bloom because it had been such dense shade or Lady Slipper Orchids can even live underground for a number of years and then come up when their conditions are right. So this is a wildflower that doesn't want to be tamed. And if you see it for sale in a nursery, don't buy it. I can guarantee it's been wild collected. A lot of ferns are still wild collected in mains. Same with bunchberry and blueberry sods. So you need to be the savvy buyer. And, you know, if you see these plants for sale, did you propagate them or were they dug from the wild? Because our wild areas are having enough trouble. They don't need us digging up the plants and selling them. So what's the solution? You know, growing them from seed. It's seed grown plants where the genetic diversity is.  And right now a lot of nurseries aren't so you need to ask. You need to be polite when you ask, but tell them you want seed grown, genetically diverse native plants, not just cultivars. Because the cultivars aren't gonna support the genetic diversity to let our plants, you know, make it into the future.   Well, the same is true of plants. And when you grow plants from seeds, some of them are gonna like the hotter climate we have, some are gonna like it if it's hotter and drier, other are gonna do better if it's hotter and moisture, and others, if the ice age comes back, are gonna, you know, that's where we will help these plants make it over time. So the easiest way to do it is to, if you have been used to growing annuals or vegetables from seeds, everything you've learned doesn't apply to the native plants. The warm spring weather or a greenhouse is not what our native seeds want. The time to sow them is in the fall or even winter. You can sow them in pots. You know, so in these three pots, this is a seed sowing I did on New Year's Day. The left is black-eyed coneflower. The middle is New England aster. The right is the swamp milkweed. You can sow a lot of species seeds close together. You then cover them with sand, and then you put them outside. Doesn't matter what the weather is. Ice, snow, wind, rain.  So cover them with just some wire and then wait till the spring. And so this picture is taken in mid-May. So in little four-inch pots, you know, in nine four-inch pots, you can have 50 to 100 seedlings in each of those four-inch pots. In one square foot, you can produce hundreds of different genetically diverse native plants. You can then just grow them on through the summer. I like to just take those four-inch pots and move them up to bigger pots and wait till September to plant them out in your garden. The reason is, these are perennials. You know, most of our native plants are not annuals. You know, in the Northern climate, most species are perennials, which means they're slower growing and they put more of their growth into the root system. You know, the annuals that you might know, jewelweed's an annual, but that's the exception. So most of them won't bloom the first year. Black-eyed Susan well, but most won't. So put them outside, once they germinate in the spring, just move that whole little pot to a much bigger pot and then in the fall, you can divide them up and plant them out. You know, if you're really attentive and you're gonna fuss over them over the summer, you could do it in June, but think of the weather we keep happening where we have droughts and these are juveniles. If you keep them in a little nursery area, you can also get to know that plant and the seedlings are really cute.  It's fun. It's a great way to learn to recognize the plants and then you'll start noticing them either in your landscape or even out. When you're hiking, you'll start to recognize what the juveniles look like. So, you know, I studied plant ecology in college and everything is worse since then. When I look at my old college copy of Newcombe's Wildflower Guide and read through, you know, all the different plants and that were listed as abundant and common, it's shocking how, you know, a lot of the species, you know, are not necessarily on the endangered species list, but they're not abundant anymore. And, you know, these plants need us caring about them and they need us being proactive and sowing their seeds and bringing them back. And despite the situation in nature being worse, what makes me really hopeful is that, unlike 40 years ago, today, more people care. More regular people know we need to change our relationship with nature. They know that something wrong and they wanna do something. And that's what's really great about planting natives and sowing the seeds. You know, you can go to a nursery and buy one, you know, native swamp milkweed and plant it in your garden and you'll pay five to 10 bucks for that one plant and you'll be doing a good thing.  And if you don't need it in your landscape, you can share it with your friends.  You know, it's a really positive action that we can all make. And, you know, these plants need us caring about them. And I hope some of you will consider doing it. So the beauty of right now is this isn't something, you don't need to sow the seeds right now. You got the whole growing season to get out in your yard and to get out in nature and to figure out what's in your yard or what could be in your yard. And, you know, we have a great annual magazine that's all about gardening with natives. Our website has a wealth of free information. Every month, we have a different native plant blog and it's just an article about some aspect of planting, gardening or planting with natives. We sell 65 different species of seeds, all grown in Maine, all wild type, either collected from our nursery stock beds or from private people's lands who've given us permission and correctly identified and lots of great propagation information on the website. We're a 501C3 nonprofit, which means we're supported by membership and donation and seed sales. So I really encourage you to both come up here and take a look at our magazine. There's no advertising in it. There's really great writing. And take a look at what you can see on the website. And I'm happy to answer any questions since we still have a few minutes. If you have any native plant dilemmas that you want the answer to. Lots of plants are growing faster because of the increased CO2 in the atmosphere. A lot of the worst invasives, they're growing better with the increased CO2. And poison ivy, you know how poison ivy is a native species, so you cannot call a native plant invasive. It's aggressive, but it's not invasive, but it thrives on disturbance. So think where you see it. The side of the road. Right where it gets the extra COT from the exhaust. So it's the increased CO2 in the atmosphere. It's creeping into my passion. But it was very aggressive in the last five or seven years. Yes, yes. So borrow some CO2. Yes. And disturb it.  There's actually somebody in Kenny Bunker who you can rent their goats. They love it and they're not bothered by the poison ivy. That's a lot of it. What they do is out-compete them. Take the Norway maple tree, which is a healthy part of a deciduous mixed forest in Europe. It's just, for some reason, and they don't really understand completely why. When some plants get taken to another part of the world, so you remove all the fungi, bacteria, insects, animals that traditionally eat it and help keep it in check when they come to a new place. And our plants can be invasive in Europe and Asia. It's just removing some plants. It doesn't happen to all plants, but some, a percentage of them, end up just being completely out of control. But it's not all exotic plants that cause a problem. But more and more, what to me is shocking is, take vinca, I don't know if people know vinca. When I studied ecology in 1980, that was not considered invasive. And now it is, and they don't know. Is it the increased CO2? Is it just time? And there's been a genetic mutation in the plant that after being, vinca was brought over in colonial times. It's been here for 150 years and now suddenly it's taking off. So it's more, we've just been playing, we've been playing God in the garden. And to me, we have so many beautiful native plants. Turn all that passion about beauty into learning the natives. Cause I promise you, there are plenty to choose from that will make your yard.  And there's so much more dynamic. It's so much more interesting to sit out on your deck or terrace and watch butterflies and bumblebees and birds coming in and out because there's something for them. That's where the exotics, they don't offer much to our fauna the way that natives do. But we just got a grant from the DOT to do a roadside manual about how to support the native plants. And you can get this right now from the DOT. And the real thing is not mowing during the growing season and all that information is in here. So I mean, it's a long, slow process. One thing you can do is make a little sign that says, please don't mow for the pollinators. You can even get one from the National Wildlife Federation or from Monarch Watch and put that out there that will sometimes deter the mowing people cause most people just don't know. And then you always have to have the job of making sure, cause if you're in South Portland there are plenty of invasives there. So it's a long, slow process. Getting people. And that's what, like I said, that's what our annual magazine has a lot of articles about this. Donate one to your library. Or give them one to your city. Yeah, well thank you everybody.


What's up everybody, Jason here for JaspysCaseRates.com and we just sold out another 2023 Panini Mosaic Choice Break. This is football edition, five box break, pre-coutines number eight. And again guys, you buy two more teams, get a chance to win the Colts, we're at $200 plus value. Let's see who has that opportunity guys. Chris Bauer got last by Bojo, Andrew you got two entries or two spots, that's equals one entry. Carlos you got ten, so that's five entries until the giveaway. Good luck. Chris we just won unfortunately, but good luck on last by Bojo and the Falcons big team there. Cliff with four, so that's two entries. And Clifford, I'm assuming that's you again, but regardless I'll just keep it separated just in case. EA you got four, that's two entries. Eric Houston with two, Eric K with two, so that's an entry each. And Justin with four, two entries. There you go, out of the possible, well out of the possible 15 we got 15 actually. Sure, that's cool. I mean, someone has to I guess accept the reward right? Maybe they did rock, paper, scissors. Alright, let's roll it and full 12 of course. Here we go, name and number one gets the Colts. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve. Boom, twelve, twelve. Carlos, congrats buddy, you had the odds and really got this break pretty much to get done today man, so congrats. And let's get you a big Anthony Richardson, oh man. Alright, let's alphabetize that. And let's get the break rolling. Nice, should be pretty quick man, I mean for the most part we're pretty caught up. Shouldn't take too long. Put them down your break from today or yesterday, ships out by Monday. Let's wrap baby, let's go. Alright, again we have two stacks left, stack on the left, stack on the right. One, two, three for the left side, four, five, six for the right side. And it's a five. One, two, three, four, five, six, so this box is here, we'll be for the next one guys and I'll repost it up right now once we're done with this. Nice, I did hear that man, yeah. I did hear that. So here we go guys, everybody else in the break the way it was like that. Here we go. Can we have a little bonus on them? Maybe not actually. But, let's see what we got here. Josh Jacobs for the Raiders. Raiders, going to Eric K. We got Chris Jones to 80. Desmond Ritter to 80, that's last but I'm going to go to Chris Butler. And then Byron Young to 80 for the Rams. This is Cardinals and then the Kansas City is Cliff. Julius Brantz with the nice tank, Bigsby. Jacksonville Cliff, Colts going to Cardinals. This one definitely has an extra card, right? I like that color. See the Jets or Eagles? Maybe Jets. No, Fly Eagles Fly. How about that? Infocus Randall Cunningham. Go birds baby, big game this week and Andrew. He's got a little Randall Cunningham right there man. He sells well man, he's a very, very popular Eagles player. And then Don Beebe for the builds. Carlos with that one. I'll say more for the Eagles but kind of almost threw me off to Jets though. Eric Houston, Joey Bosa for the Chargers, Carlos. And then Dallas Clark for the Indianapolis Colts, Carlos. Nice CJ Strout, how about that, Justin Edmonds. And Michael Mayer for the Raiders, Eric. CJ Strout got to sell pretty well this week. Our next one guys. We definitely got a black gold coming out. And maybe a Saints. Jake Hainer in focus for the Saints going to Carlos. We have a black gold, Zach Martin. Five out of eight for the Dallas Cowboys. That's going to cliff. We've got a trade target for the Raiders to 80. Julio Jones for the Bucks to 80. And then Trenton Simpson there for the Ravens, which is Carlos and Jake. Hainer again, that's Saints Carlos. Alright, two more boxes guys. Copy my system guys. I had a really, really early morning today. I only got like three hours of sleep last night.  I had to wake up like at 6.30 in the morning. Let's see if I got 3.30. Just up, out, and about from like 7.30 to work time. So I gotta get some coffee in my system soon. I'm gonna crash. Alright, here we go. Michael Wilson Silver. McDonald's, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh. Houston Oilers. That's Billy Whitejuice Johnson. Houston Oilers. Going to the Tennessee Tines there. Duantan Williams to 60. How about a Black Gold Trail on birds? And a Jordan Battle for the Bengals. Justin with that one. Black Gold there. Then we got a Will Anderson Jr. and a Jair Brown. Really 49ers. Last box here, and again, if we don't hit anything massive guys, those last five boxes could be extra, extra, extra juicy. So I would try to grab two teams so you can get that chance to win the Colts again. You know, or maybe grab some of the bigger teams in general. Joe said he hit like two peacocks. In his boxes that he did the first one, I haven't hit a peacock yet. And we haven't seen a Nebula yet. And it doesn't look like there's one in here. So there's gotta be some massive stuff, guys. Massive stuff hiding in the last five boxes if we don't get nothing crazy here. Taji's Sphere is a nice little running back there for the Titans. Titan's having a solid break, Eric. We have a Sean Alexander. Take one Bargu the 80. So the Count Anderson. And we got Garrett Williams for the Cardinals. And Will McDonald for the Jets. Alright guys. Well, like I mentioned before, guys, there was some cool stuff in here, but there's gotta be something massive hiding in the last five boxes. So I'll repost it up right now, guys.  People see that this is already halfway there in a matter of, you know, 30, 40 minutes. I think they'll definitely want to get in on this, guys. Big, big kids. I have not seen a beach on anything crazy like that. Some solid stuff here, though. A couple of nice black golds, right? CJ Strowl around the Cunningham. Jacob's butt definitely could be a lot better, guys. Definitely. So the last five boxes will be posted up right now, guys. Right after this. If you guys want to run it back, jaspyseasebricks.com. Sorry about that, Carl.


Okay, very good morning. It is Monday 21st of June. Hope you are doing well and just a quick summary of what I'm going to cover which is a kind of wrap up of the weekend's major news flow and then we'll look at the major highlights for the week ahead. Very much going to kind of focus on the fundamental side of things so I'll just give you a quick flavour in a moment of the overall charts, what we look like at the open sentiment-wise this morning, but I'll leave that for the more detailed technical look in the Amphi live community. Remember if you're watching this on YouTube really appreciate it if you could like and subscribe to the channel if you're not really done so and then as I always say that if you want to get this briefing early every other day of the week then you can just check out AmplifyLive.com but look let's get straight to it and let's talk about the charts this morning and the market's still very much in a little bit of digestion of what happened from the Fed both middle of last week and also those surprisingly hawkish comments that came out from James Bullard of course which moved the markets on Friday so it turns the Asia-Pacific sessions stock index futures actually did move lower typically lower trade across Asia overnight but as Europe has come into the market just seeing a little bit of reprieve here to some of that downside pressure and Going from the center left to right the DAX future NASDAQ and the S&P just coming up a little bit from what Otherwise was was lower trade seen overnight Elsewhere then the dollar just softening a touch but really trading around unchanged However with the Dixie it's worth just keeping an eye on the kind of range from the Asia-Pac session and Also late in the US session because we're at the lower bound of that at the moment the Dixie currently trading at 92 22 So just as well giving a slight lift to the major pairs You can see here euro dollar just coming up to its range high that we were trading with the footprint kind of printing down from the low Post the bullard comments and then overnight the Asia-Pac session in the lower bound on the upper bound of the range I've also got the pivot today and just coming in close proximity to the current price And then as far as cable is concerned pretty similar as well a little bit of softness in the dollar Just helping it just pull back up and we're keeping on that one thirty eight thirty one here looking at sterling futures Which is that double top that we had from the overnight a pack session and late in US trade on Friday Otherwise oil Just remains fairly elevated We're kind of in this 70 72 band from a slightly higher time frame perspective on this multi-year higher That we've been trading and I've got an update on Iran from the weekends pressed I can get you up to speed on and then in terms of t-notes quite interesting move in fact this is looking at the US 10 year and Given the downward move that we saw on that surprise announcement with the move to two rate hikes in 2023 on the dot plots and some of the inflation Comments and all of that move has been taken back and actually in fact even our outperformed a little bit yet in the Asia-Pacific session If you look at where we're trading right now Look at where we were trading prior to the Fed announcement. We are absolutely flat Exing out some of the the large swings in price action that we have seen So what we're seeing a little bit in the yield movement is higher yields in the short end and slightly lower in the long end That's creating some of this curve movement at the moment on the back of some of the more The kind of fears about near-term tightening Further exacerbated by the bullard comments that we had at the end of last week and on that point I just wanted to start off on the new the news side of things is looking at this FMC table this kind of hawk dove View of which is particularly important for any trader to to understand and be aware of of course to ascertain The potential reaction that a certain comment from a certain speaker could have on the underlying price of different products and Bullard ultimately is now quite a bump further down Towards the very most extreme bottom end of this list Otherwise sitting quite center and you know quite a lot of questions about bullard at the end of last week and As I said at the time in the kind of sign off to some of our summer analysts Bullard is probably one of the Outline characters who does tend to jump around this kind of dove hawk spectrum Dovish being at the top and the hawkish being at the bottom Which is which is very unusual in fact because as we know central bankers are always very cautious Very calculated with what they say given that they're fully aware of the impact of their comments could have on the market So a couple of points with bullard Was that one he isn't a voting member at the moment But I think the markets are willing to look beyond that point Just particularly because of the fact that he is going to be voting next year and that's really when things from a policy Real perspective start to start heating up So tapering commencing and perhaps at the beginning of that year as far as he's concerned also rate rises happening in that year as Well of which he will have the ability to vote on on policy. So people kind of forward-looking in that sense a Lot of people as well criticising bullard, which I think is a perhaps a little bit inappropriate As I've just previously said, I know he does flip-flop and changes view quite often and more so than normal Which does also bring into question his credibility But what I would say is that for me and that actually provides quite interesting communication tool perhaps for the committee to have someone who's quite outlying who can then kind of Reinstall perhaps the more hawkish tilt that the Fed wanted to convey last week because Underpinning one of Bullard's comments was that there is still upside risks to the economic kind of recovery Given the fact we still got quite a lot of reopening to do which I don't really disagree with so perhaps he gets used is what I'm saying as a way of Given that he's a non-voter And given the fact that people are aware of he tends to jump her out in terms of his view It just allows the Fed to have someone who they can put out there say something that can Kind of get into the heads of the psyche of the investment community Without they're really tampering with the official view at this point in time Of course the timeline we're still looking at is is really Jackson Hole the end of August for the next meaningful event when we're going to get an update on on policy views so That was that was bullard We have had kashkari who as you can see here is the most dovish member or considered To be and is a voter not until 2023 so he's a bit late to the game really and so his comments Probably watered down diluted to a certain degree for that matter that kashkari no surprises there But in context coming after the very hawkish comments from bullard kashkari said that the weekend the Fed's interest rate should remain Unchanged at least through 2023 so he would have been one of those Anonymous dots who would have stayed Unchanged at basically flat looking for rates not to rise not in 2020 but after 2023 You're gonna get a lot more of these guys speaking throughout the week And it's obviously gonna garner a lot of attention just given the context of what's happened last week with the with the rate decision from the FMC and bullard Powell of course the most important the Fed share does speak on Tuesday before the House selects subcommittee on the Coronavirus crisis and the Fed's policy response and also the state of the economy so that's gonna be a big one of course because if we mean we have seen some pretty sizable moves in the market across the board and That's going to be quite key to see then does pal need to kind of move the needle again Does he feel like the markets are on point with what they're trying to communicate so that'd be quite an important speech And that's coming Tuesday. You've got the lights of Williams speaking today daily message on Tuesday Bostick And James Bullard again do speak later on in the week, of course Excuse me Otherwise, let's just take a quick look at what else is going on and gonna start off with looking at the situation with EU and COVID because At the moment as I'll show you facts vaccines Europe's been having a pretty good performance of late trying to just close the gap and You'll see this visually in a moment But one of the main things that's come up in the FT's analysis is the fact that the Coronavirus Delta variant which of course has been the main focal point here in the UK has started to emerge and become more dominant In the likes of Portugal and has appeared in clusters in the likes of Germany France and Spain Which has prompted European health officials to start commenting About potential action that might be needed to slow that spread if it comes materially worse and so Couple of things here This is looking at the different countries And the top left being the UK where 98 percent sequence cases are now the Delta variant This is much lower at the moment in the case of Europe Italy 26 percent Germany 15 France six point nine percent But the point is is that these numbers are moving up Whereas generally other more total case rates in those areas had been moving down So the point being is that the Delta variant as we know is is much more transmissible And as we're seeing the UK is kind of a race between how quickly can you get the population? Vaccinated against then the speed of which the spread of this Delta variant starts to pick up and on that point The UK continues to be somewhat of a front-runner on that regard But Europe pretty much up to where the US is now certainly if you're looking at the cases of like Italy for example So after this massive divergence that we saw through Q1 Going into Q2 of this year between the likes of the UK and Europe Europe's doing a pretty good job of picking up pace now on that vaccination front. So at the moment I guess the way I'd interpret this Delta variant news is basically It's something I'm aware of and it's something I'm monitoring in terms of how quickly Do these rates start to pick up in mainland Europe with the ultimate purpose being if it is rapid and Starts to be at a point where it's going to start influencing government's decisions about national timings of the reopening of their economies if it starts to delay that then obviously that's going to have a knock on implications for the overall eurozone Economic performance, particularly if we're talking about the likes of the biggest nations like Germany France Italy Spain So on and so forth. So for now not so much a thing But this Delta variant undoubtedly is probably going to be the variant that which will comprise of the biggest spread of global covid It's just about the how quickly we can get on top of it through the vaccination process and then subsequently Whether or not it impacts the the economic picture Otherwise the other thing to mention over the weekend was Iran You might have read or heard about This where Western officials have warned Iran that negotiations to right revive its nuclear deal could not continue Indefinitely remember this is continue to roll over pretty much from week to week at this present point in time And the sides have called a bit of a break in in conversations for the time being following the Iranian election at the weekend That comes after Ibrahim Rassi a hard-line and fierce critic of the West one Iran's presidential election on Friday And two diplomats since then have said that they expect a break of around 10 days Rassi or Rassai, I'm sure I'm saying his name incorrectly. I'll have to check But for the purpose of this briefing, he's going to take office in early August and that's quite an important Timing associated with that and the main point being is that some Iranian officials have suggested that Tehran Could have interest in pushing through an agreement in regards to brokering some kind of deal with the West on their nuclear Capabilities before the new president takes office then in later in the summer in August as to then if anything were to go wrong deflect brain blame For any concessions onto his predecessor Rehani, of course So it could be a tactical move there where they'll look to get the deal done in order to start off fresh with the new leadership and just passing the blame on to the previous so Just to keep an eye on at this point in time I wouldn't be looking for any comments immediately as they let the dust settle on the elections for now But we'll be keeping on that rhetoric as it goes through the week Bitcoin bit of a talking point over the weekend Price-wise has come under some selling pressures. You've probably been aware Just having a quick look at it here Flip over and this is looking on a daily on the Bitcoin. This is Bitcoin futures. I'm a stress But just looking where we are at the moment And we're just having a we've just moved below the 200 DMA at the moment Which is you'll remember we briefly broke but obviously sharply rebounded off during that May 19th kind of Intraday crash and crypto that we saw and then we're we saw that again through the 8th of June Before then a pretty strong reversal back up to 40k and we're back down there again at the moment So the latest here with with Bitcoin is kind of focused on this Hash rate in China dropping significantly as Bitcoin mines are being closed and the mid potential regulatory Scrutiny so the latest that's being talked about over the weekend is the city of Yang in the southwestern region of Sichuan has promised or Has promised the provincial authorities to route out all Bitcoin and ether mining operations within one year According to a person familiar with knowledge of the situation According to report the Communist Party's backed global times newspaper Has said the closure of many bitcoin mines in the province has resulted in more than 90 percent of chinese bitcoin mining capacity being Being shut at the moment for context Around 65 percent of the world's bitcoin mining is said to take place in china This is as of april 2020 according to a Study an estimate out of the University of Cambridge in the uk So it really shows how impactful it can be if there is regulatory implications And also then knock on consequence for for bitcoin mining happening specifically in china And this has been a weighted impact or story that has been weighing on price for some time But bitcoin well as you can see here in the top right hand corner is hitting fresh lows as we speak downside You've got the 8th of june low that pretty much comes in just ahead of 30 000 so around 31 000 Then you've got that bottom of the may 19th move which was also the low on the 29th of jan So that 30 k is really downside target of significance But beyond that point 27 k brings in that double bottom from late jan And then further down through 25 k 22 and a half is around the peak that we saw before the Real sharp acceleration of price that we had Going in post the kind of christmas period into the new year So definitely want to watch This week bitcoin never far away from seeing As sports quite regular for that product fairly volatile price movement Quick look at the calendar for the week ahead today's pretty quiet But there are definitely a couple of key things i'd be looking out for european central bank president christine the guard does speak in european parliament later today But i wouldn't be expecting too much from her to be honest But just making you aware otherwise as far as the calendar is concerned things really start to pick up on Wednesday when we get the latest flash PMI numbers now what we're looking out for from those are from the eurozone The main report was characterized by a notable jump in the services PMI as then The nations within the region started to kind of unlock and started to reopen This time around further lockdown easing is expected to support the service side of the prince for the PMI Or be it to a lesser extent that was seen last month On manufacturing front activity like to remain elevated despite some of the bottlenecks that have been Faced on the global supply chain front at the moment. We're also on the same day Of course get the uk flash PMIs on wednesday Um high frequency indicators So something of course in this new pandemic era that people look at particularly on on service measurements So footfall restaurant bookings credit card usage these types of things They generally have improved in late may and early july As far as the uk is concerned as a potential precursor for what this services PMI might look like and of course That's much more important than the manufacturing side when we're looking at the uk But the recent four week extension to the last phase of that final unwinding if you like of the current lockdown in the uk Um might impede then some of the shine off that data So even if it is possible ultimately we have not yet as we were previously scheduled reopened And that obviously is going to slightly moderate any future readings Coming forward that will be measuring the month of june um Well for this reading forward for june, I should say Otherwise on thursday, you've got a couple of different things German ifo is coming out And that's expected to build on on what we have seen is quite a decent increase in german business morale of late In fact last month it was tracking as high as levels since may of 2019 And we suspect to see a further uptick this week But I don't for the moment kind of see that as too surprising However, of course with that delta variant now present in clusters in pockets of germany That's going to be quite key to see whether they can continue that reopening momentum You do also have the q1 GDP coming out of the us But this is the final reading so expected to be unrevised at 6.4 percent And I would say quite largely as a non event for that purpose You do have the bank of england decision though this week So following on from the lights of the fed we got the boe. What can we expect from them? Well, really not a great deal at all So not expecting any change in policy on either the rate or the asset facility In terms of their qe program the afp The decision though on their qe program could well see some Descenting members particularly that of how dain the chief economist who obviously is outgoing He departs From the bank at the end of this month, but he's been very much of the opinion Even so to the point that he voted last time so they should in fact be Stopping the qe Program at this point in time so expect him to dissent Has he managed to persuade anyone else to jump in his his hawkish camp? Perhaps not but that would be something to keep an eye out for when that decision comes out on thursday But overall probably not the most exciting thing that we're ever going to see from the bank of england And then moving on to friday probably the one of the main data points of the week We get the core pce pricing next from the states This is for the month of may in april the month-to-month measure climbs 0.7 percent from the previous month and delivered its biggest Year-on-year jump since the 1990s at 3.1 percent so although the fed Have said and then we've seen this in those Summary of economic projections where they are and have seen inflation a little bit more Pressures larger than they thought but the kind of dot plots or the the the matrix show that they see them Inflation peaking and then decelerating going into 2022 2023 So although this transitory view remains firm at the moment Of course these types of numbers particularly their preferred measure like pce is always going to be closely watched when it's up at these levels So that's going to be something particularly interesting to to keep an eye on Personal income spending and then the final reading university michigan also due on the friday And that is it. So i'm not going to go any further than that for the time being You can just jump on my my twitter account Feel free to follow me. I distribute a morning note a morning call every morning And then otherwise any questions i'll see the guys in the private chat room on amplify life All right. Have a good day and a great week ahead. Thanks very much