Honestly, losing the thread of connection with a friend sometimes feels more heartbreaking than the end of any romantic relationship. Nobody enjoys the feeling of having to end friendships that they have invested their time and resources into. However, most times the break of a company may be for your sanity and the greater good. Several signs may also accompany the need to break up. In this video, I will share with you 9 signs that you should change your friends. 1. When they are not accountable Professional matchmaker and founder of the dating lounge dating app, Samantha Daniels, once said, One sign of an unhealthy relationship is when you are always taking the fall for your friend. Do you feel like you're always taking the fall for your friends? Or get frustrated that your friend never takes responsibility for their actions? If you feel any of those ways, then you need to pay close attention to it, because it is a classic sign of a toxic friendship. Indeed, standing in for a friend is expected in a friendship, but when it continually becomes a constant behavior for your friends not to admit to their faults, you need to walk away. If your friend does something wrong, they should take the blame and be accountable for their actions. Sincerely, it's draining for only one person to take on all the blames in a relationship, all in the name of protecting your friend. 2. When they don't support you or show up Do you have a group of friends who are never available to share in your joys and pains? How would you feel if you competed yet none of your friends came around? How would you feel when you win the contest and there is no one to even celebrate with you? How would your opponents have people who are consoling them? Of a truth, it hurts when those we trust fail to show up or support our endeavors. German-American actress and singer Marlin Dietrich once asserted that it is the friends you can call up by 4 am that matter. If the group of people around you was not those you can call up at any time to support you either morally, financially, spiritually and otherwise, then you need to change your friends. 3. They are jealous of you One thing you must bear in mind when you get close to people is that just because you spend a lot of time with them doesn't necessarily mean they are happy with your progress. Through their attitudes, you will be able to tell those who wish you well and others who are jealous. A jealous friend will always try to downplay your efforts.  These set of people always want to copy you. They don't copy you because they admire you, but they do it because in their minds they compete with you. If you notice your friends exhibiting such character, then you need to change friends. 4. When they drag you down Dana Kerford, friendship expert and founder of Girl Power Incorporated, compares healthy friendships to healthy food with the words, healthy food gives you energy and helps you grow and be strong. Healthy friendships are the same. They give us what we need, they help us become stronger, they help us grow, they lift us up. She also uses a junk food analogy saying, but friends can be like junk food too, offering little in the way of nourishment and sapping your energy. Unhealthy friendships drag us down. They don't make us feel so good. They don't give us what we need. Any friend who never makes you feel good but continuously tries to degrade you through words or actions is not worth being called a friend. If your friend is willing to listen to your needs and change his or her ways, the relationship might be worth saving. If not, skip the drive-thru and opt for nourishment elsewhere. 5. They laugh at your dreams How do your friends react when you tell them about your big goals? When you speak to them about your life plans, many individuals are always so quick to give you a hundred reasons why it will not work. Some others will make fun of you for even thinking that you can achieve such a huge feat. All that criticism, ingesting without any empathy, is bound to make you feel small and friendship is supposed to be about making your life better. Psychologist Nikki Martinez described an unhealthy company as one that makes you feel bad about yourself.  Of course, a friend is allowed to say their concerns and worries, but they can do it with comparison and understanding.  6. They talk too much. Have you ever had friends talk always about her life and her problems and you can't seem to get a word in edgewise? Or is it always gossiping and passing out other people's sensitive information? Well, such people are not suitable for you. Even when you have an essential topic to discuss, your friend won't stop long enough to listen to you. Licensed social worker and therapist F. Diane Barth, in an article in psychologytoday.com, said that people who talk too much may do so because they find it difficult to deal with emotions that arise when listening to another person. Barth recommends putting a time limit on listening to them and being more aggressive about being heard. Besides that, you can never be safe having someone who talks too much as a friend. They might talk about things you confidentially shared with them to other people. 7. They have an unhealthy lifestyle. Have you ever been friends for years but lately you have been trying to pay more attention to your health while your friend seems to be stuck in his unhealthy habits? He always wants to eat out at fast food restaurants but you gravitate towards salad bars. You'd rather spend your time at the gym but your friend is a couch potato. Sometimes a little encouragement can help your friend changes unhealthy ways. If not, be careful about his bad habits because they might rob off on you. A 2007 study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that obesity can spread through social ties. In the 32-year study, the researchers discovered that people whose friends became obese were 57% more likely to become obese. That's a hefty price to pay for friendship. Quitting is a better idea. 8. They have nothing to offer. What do you call a kind of friendship where 9 out of 10 times you are the one to call your friend or suggesting spending time together? You're always buying tickets to a concert or play.  According to friendship expert Dana Kerford, it's not about counting the number of times a person asks you to hang out that's just how many times you ask them. It just feels like there's fairness in the friendship and you both are given the same amount. Friendship is about sharing. When there isn't that equilibrium, you're likely to feel hurt and resentful. That isn't healthy. If your friend doesn't make more effort after you're voiced your concern, it may be best to save your energy for friendship with more reciprocity. 9. You are in different seasons of life. The most bittersweet type of outgrowing of friendship occurs when two people adjust in totally different seasons of life.  You're becoming politically active and your friend feels more comfortable keeping quiet. You've got a freelance gig and a little child at home but your friend is climbing the corporate ladder. And so on. It's nice to feel like you're on the same page as your friends and when one or both of you start to drift away it can be disorienting and confusing. As the quote goes, people come into your life for a reason, a season or a lifetime. Friendship may fade but they've likely served their purpose, which means you can take what you've learned and apply it to the rest of the relationships in your life. However, if you understand yourself, you can still keep up with the friendship even though the connection will not be as close. We all deal with friendships that take a different turn than expected and it can be hard to deal with. But you must always put into consideration your sanity and mental state.


Aloha, and welcome to a Hanukako on the Think Tech Hawaii Broadcasting Network. I'm Joe Kent, Vice President of the Grass Street Institute of Hawaii, filling in for Dr. Keili Iakina, President of the Grass Street Institute of Hawaii, Hawaii's only free market think tank, and today we are thinking hard about agriculture. Governor Ege recently announced a goal to double food production in Hawaii by the year 2030. Can it be done? Should it be done? Is it even possible? Today we're going to talk with two local experts in a field called Aquaponics. We're here with Jay Ogden of Sustainability Design Consultants and Aquaponics Expert, and also Chris Feetz. Welcome, you too. Thank you. Pleased to be here. Thank you. So before we get into the whole, can we double agriculture, I'd like to learn a little bit more about what is aquaponics. Now, if I remember right, there's growing plants in water, there's growing animals in water, and then there's kind of combining the two. So can you explain that a little bit? Well there's plants growing in water, fish growing in water, and we combined the two. No, I said it right. You passed. Chris is really the expert here at the table with regard to aquaponics. So maybe you'd like to talk a little bit about what you've learned about aquaponics in the last few years. Sure, thanks, Jay. Aquaponics is really just a combination of two things, aquaculture, which is the raising of a fish or marine species, and then hydroponics, which is the growing of plants, usually in a water solution. Now why would you want to put them together? It's really a synergy of two different systems. In aquaculture you have a setup where the fish produce a lot of waste, and that has to be managed or dealt with, and in hydroponics you have a situation where you need the nutrients. And so by bringing those two together, you gain a lot of synergistic gain from the two. So the plants gain from the waste from the fish, and the fish gain from the waste from the plants, and sort of a little ecosystem there, is that right? The fish enjoy the clean water from the plants, yes. And you produce these aquaponics systems in your business, is that right? Yeah, we don't manufacture. We did manufacture for several years local systems. We've gone to a manufactured product now from two different companies on the mainland, mostly because the sustainability of our locally manufactured products was a very short time. We've used a lot of wood products, building them, and they just deteriorated over time. So our clients are coming back and saying, hey, you know, we'd like to continue growing food this way, but our system is falling apart. And so we're now providing a system that could last 10 or 20 years. And your customers are coming in and they want to grow gardens and produce food in a different way. Why would somebody want to do that versus growing in the ground, do you think? Well, our clients who are primarily backyard gardeners have gardens in their backyard already, at the most part. And it's not that they're going to not do that, they continue to do that, because some plants really do better in the ground. But the ease and the low maintenance that aquaponics offers is a real incentive for a lot of people because a lot of people have limited time to garden. They've got kids, they've got jobs, they've got mortgages to pay. Oh, so it's a low maintenance. So it's a low maintenance thing. Our company brings the system in, we set it up, ready to plant. And we actually allow our employees, if a client wishes, to come in and do the planting, do the harvesting, and put the food on their back porch. Wow. Okay, so. We're all included in our arrangement with our clients, so the client doesn't really have to get too involved if they don't want to. And some do want to get more involved. Do you have to weed, I mean, is it the same as a traditional garden, we have to weed it and kill the bugs and all this, or do you have those kinds of problems? You do have some weeds, but not anywhere near as much weeds as you do in the garden. Oh really? Yeah. Why is that? It's probably a place to get started, okay. The only way weeds can get into the garden in aquaponics is if a bird flies over and poops a seed. Oh, okay. Or the wind blows the seed. Or the wind blows the seed in, or something like that. But there's also more flexibility in these aquaponics systems. You can move them if you need to, easy, like it's hard to move a garden, but you can move one of these systems, is that right? Many of our clients do not own the home they're in. So a typical lease turns over in two or three years. People like the ability to just pick it up, put it on the moving truck and take it to their next place. Right. You could take your garden with you. And you can also do it indoors if you want to. Some clients are doing that. Okay. They don't have space around the house, they have a garage and they're not parking their car in it. Now Chris, what does that entail if I wanted to grow indoors, you know, a hydroponic system, what would that entail? But with an aquaponics system, you have a lot of advantages inside, especially with an individual or a smaller system. You can put it on a windowsill if you have a sunny side, a south-facing window. If you do not, if you're in like a high-rise or whatnot, you can have a small system and then just use fluorescent lights. Or even now you can use LED lights. Okay. So just basically about if you can get enough light. Yes. It's all light dependent. The fish require shade and the plants require that. You don't have to feed the fish. You do have to feed the fish. Oh, okay. So just like an aquarium with a smaller system or a backyard system, you are feeding the fish every day and there is some maintenance, it's not zero maintenance. Right. Zero maintenance is going to the store and buying your produce, but if you are in it for the high quality produce or having direct access when you want it, then that's when you go garden your backyard. Now aquaponics is big in Hawaii in a way. I read a study recently that showed that aquaponics has now surpassed cattle for being productive in Hawaii. And what examples locally here do we see in aquaponics? Chris has actually worked at a couple of the larger commercial aquaponics farms here, one on the Wynye Coast. And it's a two acre farm right now. And that's about 50, 100 foot long aquaponics tables, 50 of them. Wow. And it produces a lot of food for our major food chains. What kinds of things are they growing? They're growing like minuetes, green onions and some other, depending on the season, bok choy, wung choy, wung choy, and different herbs. Okay. So if we talk about this food goal that David Ike put forth of doubling our food supply, I think that the stat is like 10% of our food in Hawaii that we consume is grown locally. If we wanted to double that, do you think aquaponics or aquaculture has a chance to help with that? I think it's a substantial way. Chris probably knows better than I, but the commercial people who are growing aquaponically, the only challenge they have is being able to afford the infrastructure to put the system in place. And the cost to manufacture these is coming down as it is just like cell phones and everything. So I think in the next 10 years, it's very, very possible to double the commercial production of food here. Okay. And your opinion of that? I would agree it would play a part. I think all types of agriculture have a role in this. Some other folks like Urban Farm Hawaii with Hunter Haviland has very good plans on using public land and private backyards where we can get zoning to utilize those areas. And then the areas where they're not suitable for in-ground agriculture, I think that's the perfect place to use something like aquaponics. This really strikes me because agriculture in Hawaii, a lot of people say, well, we just need more land. But I wonder if in the future growing food could become so efficient that you could actually use less land and grow more food. Now does aquaponics actually present a pathway towards that? It does, Joe, because places like Dubai and I'm trying to think of some of the other places around that are doing this, but high-rise buildings are now being built as farms. Dubai has a 20-story building. It's a farm. And every level of this building is growing something different. And the buildings are controlled environment, so the heat, the coolness of the is maintained. Moisture levels are maintained. Light is maintained by either the sun and reflective mirrors or artificial lighting like we have here in the studio. So you can grow 24-7. Wow, interesting. And the plants respond very well to that. That's interesting because, see, the normal narrative that you would hear is that in order for us to have more farming, we need to make it harder for people to build buildings, right? But that's kind of the opposite of what you're saying. Exactly the opposite. And I think there's a point at which maybe 20 years from now we really won't need to use our farmland to grow the food that we need to support the people here. That's interesting. And that means we have an opportunity, I think, to use farmland into forests, parkland, orchards, things that can't grow aquaponically. If you had the, let's say now we're, I don't know if we're talking about fantasy land yet, but this is happening in the world. It's happening in the world now. If you had a building that was doing some sort of production of aquaponic agriculture, would you need, you know, more labor to run this building? Or would it all be run by the push of a button? Why don't you talk about it for a second? Well, there are some examples of robotic harvesting in Japan. It has some examples where the entire factory is automated. They have automated planting, automated harvesting, and then they have individuals going around to do quality checks. In that, on that island, in that country, it's, the cost is worth it. Where we have access to cheap imports still, and we'll continue, it may not make as much sense to do that sort of thing, the total automation. So I believe there will always be a labor component, at least for the foreseeable future on Hawaii. Right. But that's not to say that there's not opportunities for automation in the existing systems. Right. What are the biggest barriers right now to more people doing aquaculture in Hawaii, would you say? Well, on a commercial basis, it's probably land. The only barrier for the backyard gardener is affordability of the systems. And what I'm finding is that people generally start a homemade system, have a little experience with it, find out that it's not as easy as they think they thought it was maybe, maybe they have a little failure involved in that, and they start looking for expertise. Sure. So when they start looking for expertise, then they find people like Chris and myself who have the ability to show them how to be successful with the garden they already have. And then when they're ready to upgrade to a bigger, more productive system, we're there to help them. Right, well, when the going gets tough, the tough get going, I guess. You have to teach them that lesson. And we're gonna try to teach the state that lesson when it comes to aquaponics. We're here with Jay Ogden and Chris Feetz, and we're talking about the future of agriculture. Don't go away. For a very healthy summer, watch Viva Hawaii. We're giving you the best tips and with our best health coach here. So Viva, health coach. Viva la comida saludable. Hi, my name is Justine Espiritu. This is my co-host, Matthew Johnson. Every Thursday at 4 p.m., we host the Hawaii Food and Farmers series. This is the place you can come to for insight on the perspective and history and passions of Hawaii's farmers and all folks involved in Hawaii's local food system. What kind of folks do we have on? So we have everyone from local farmers. We have foodies, chefs. We also have journalists, researchers, anyone who's actually working to help make Hawaii's local food system that much better. So join us every Thursday and tweet in the us and ask us some questions and leave your comments as well. Bye. Welcome back to the show. This is A Hanukkah Co. I'm Joe Kent, and today we're talking about agriculture and specifically aquaponics. But before I do, I want to say a big thank you to Jay and his crew at the Think Tech Hawaii Broadcasting Network. It's so great to have this help to help get big ideas out in the public. And again, today we're talking about big ideas with Jay Ogden and Chris Feetz of Sustainability Design Consultants, their aquaponics experts. So thanks again for coming on the show. And we left off talking about some of the barriers and hurdles to getting this program adopted. So if aquaponics is so good, if it's such a great thing to do, why aren't more people doing it? Well, I think for the backyard gardener, it's cost. People who are doing some gardening now in their own home, the only cost is the seeds, their labor to get in the ground and turn it up and do that. When they look at an aquaponics system, especially our hyposystems, which are a little bit larger, the idea of putting $2,000 or $3,000 into a system is foreign. It's like going out and buying a car. And most people who haven't bought a new car in a few years are sticker-shocked, right? So when they come into our place and they see, oh, well, our small system is $3,500, it's kind of a barrier. So what we've done is we've gone beyond that. We've said, okay, if that's a barrier, then we'll take that barrier away by allowing you to lease our system. And so for a couple hundred dollars per month, they can get into a system and a service to help them get started. And so we think that's a way of lowering the barrier to entry. Lowering the barrier to entry. And that allows us to then, if they move or they just don't want to do it anymore, we go pick up the system and put it in somebody else's yard. Right. The objectives that our company has really... Yeah, why don't you tell me about it? I know you were talking about some of the objectives. I did a demographic study from our last census and I found out there are 300,000 homes on Oahu. Now some of those are condominiums, so a lot of them are. But the single-family homes and the condominiums here that can accommodate aquaponics systems, there's probably about 100,000 home sites on Oahu. Taking 10% of that as people who are already gardening in their backyards, that's our market. So we're talking about 10,000 people who could possibly buy a backyard aquaponics system. Sure. Last year we did about 20 systems, about one a month, one and a half a month last year. It will take us a long time to do 10,000 systems. Right. So there's a huge marketplace out there for those.  I want more competition. I want to help the competition get started. And I'm a supplier to the competitors of my business. So... That's fine. Why would a businessman want more competition? The market is so huge. And I don't think we have a whole lot of time left before we're gonna need to have... Yeah, but I mean, what I'm talking about is, I was talking to Chris before, and you're saying that you're on the boards. You're not really part of the company, but you're helping out. And is this passionate? Are you guys passionate about this in some way? Or... Yes, I'm passionate. And the reason is because about 15 years ago, a doctor told me that if I don't change my habits, I'm gonna be on his operating table. And... It wasn't a friendly conversation. And so I said, okay, Doc, what do I need to do? He said, well, you need to clean up your food act. And so I changed my diet. I got more exercise. I lost about 40 pounds. And now I realize that if I stay on a good diet of well-grown food organically, hopefully, then my body will respond well to that. I'm 70 years old today. I want to live another 50 or 60 years, if I can. In order to do that, you laugh at me. But if I can, I know I'm gonna have to have a good diet. But it's not just about you. It's about society too, isn't it?  So people of my age are thinking about, how do I endure? How do I keep my life going? What do I need to do to be more healthy and more active? And so aquaponics is a way for the backyard gardener to include a better diet and little exercise and a way to be sustainable himself. And Chris, why did you get involved with this movement, would you say? Would you kind of know if you call it a movement, but? Well, it is a movement. And it's really, it's about controlling what you eat and your lifestyle. And this started for me when I was in the military and retired now. And when I got to Hawaii, I thought I was in paradise because look, you can grow year-round here. And I originally grew up in Wisconsin, where it was seasonal. And to come here, and then I was living on base at the time, we couldn't have gardens. Anything that we did had to be able to be moved. And so when I started learning a little bit more about aquaponics and that it's portable, everything started to click and make sense. And it was just a matter of finding a system that would move with me as I moved on. Okay. Now, you were talking before this, the word system sometimes scares people because they don't want a system, they just want a simple way to grow food. Is aquaponics, I mean, do you folks make it simple? I mean, let's say I wanted to start making an aquaponics farm. What would that entail? Well, the equipment necessary to build it, probably a small system that would fit on the tabletop here, might cost you $200 or $300. You need some grow beds, you need some rock. Really, that's it? You need a water tank. So all of that together for a small system like that might run you $200 or $300. So I could even do it on a real small scale, like a micro scale in a way. I've provided systems to the Department of Education. I've got about five or six schools on Oahu that have our systems in them. And in some of the elementary schools, we put a system on a table that's half the size of this table. Wow. So, you know, and the kids get an experience of what it's like to grow food and... And does it have fish in it too? Or is it like, really? Now for the fish, can you eat the fish too or is that just part of the system? Oh really? Oh, the tilapia are a really good eating fish. Wow, okay. So let's talk a bit about some of the vision that you have for your organization and for this movement. What would you, what would be an ideal sort of vision for Hawaii when it comes to aquaponics? Well, I don't know if the commercial agriculture is ready for this, but my vision of it is that a third of the food that this population eats right now could be produced in the backyard of our people's homes. A third. That means a third less of your budget goes into the stores and into the high cost, low nutrient food that's served from all of our stores. Right. You know, the shipping people are not gonna be happy about that idea and the food stores may not be happy about it. But as I see it, there's a transition going on. And over the next 10 or 15 years, I think as many as a third of the people living in a home or a condo that can accommodate an aquaponics system. And by the way, we've been working with a lot of the AOAO groups here in the condominium associations. And oftentimes there's initially a negative response from the condo association because they don't understand what an aquaponics system involves. We meet with them, we explain it, we talk about the amount of weight because if it's on the second level of a condo, there's a concern about, well, is the floor capable of handling the extra weight of the water and the rocks and all that? Once we discuss all these issues, they're generally favorable to doing this. Interesting. And the costs are generally, I spoke, well, does it use lots and lots of water? I mean, it's called aquaponics. Actually the water use is very minimal. In fact, it takes what 70 or 80% less water in an aquaponics system than it does in an in-ground garden. Oh really? Why is that? Because the water is circulated. The only loss is due to evaporation. Oh, okay. So you only lose 5% or so per day to evaporation. Oh, okay. So it's just like a fishbowl, you fill it up sometimes. So yeah. Okay, interesting. And I guess some electricity to run the pump, too, then. Yes. Why don't you talk about that? Because that's a fear that a lot of people have. How many watts does it take to run a pump? Depending on the size of the system, there are different ways to design a system where you could use very little energy, where you could run it off a very small solar panel during the day and then you wouldn't need the power at night. There are other ways, depending on how big you get, that you could use a lot more. Just a lot of it depends on the design and then really the demands of the system. The more fish, the more aeration you would need, the more plants, the more aeration you would need. Oh, okay. Out of the 50 systems that we've built today, none of them have photovoltaic capability. Photovoltaic, you're talking about solar panels. Solar panel. To run the pump. But in the larger systems that we're offering now, the photovoltaic is going to become more important because the pump needs to work 24-7. And the pump generally is bigger. And so there's also a water pump and an air pump that goes into the larger systems to aerate the water because the fish consume the oxygen out of the water. You have to bubble the water to get more oxygen in the water. So both of those pumps are working 24-7. What would you say to someone who is thinking about it, has heard of it, is wondering about it, but just doesn't want to make the next splash, I guess you could say. Yeah. Well, I think that a lot of people are doing it yourself kind of people and they call me and I give them advice on how to get started. I want people to call me and talk about what they want because even though our system, they may not be ready for our system yet, I want to guide them towards getting ready for a larger capability. And so with a couple of $200 or $300, you can start with a small system. I can show them how to put it together. They can go to the stores and pick up the parts, do it at home. And then when they come back the next time, they've got some experience to offer. And when we talk about bigger systems, how much, I mean, people sometimes in Hawaii are concerned with what if the ships don't come or like how much food, local food are we consuming? How big of an area or how big of a aquaponics system would you need to feed a person, do you think? You want to answer that? Oh, go ahead. Well, here's my experience. I have two in my family and we live on a eight and a half acre farm. So we, but we don't grow anything in the ground. Everything has grown in our aquaponics system. And our system is about 20 square feet. So that's about a, that's like a 10 by 20 space. Okay. And there's plenty of food for us to share with our extended family. Really? Yes. Okay. So it grows a lot of food. And it's really grown intensively. In other words, a grow bed that might be the same size as this table can grows 10 or 20 plants at a time. And they don't all mature at the same time. So you're constantly picking leaves off of this and using that and so forth. And so that will continue to produce food for three to four months before it has to be replanted. Interesting. So we show people how to do this intensive gardening in a small space. Well, thanks so much for coming here and showing us how to do it. I've learned a lot today. And hopefully we can get more people on board. So I guess a lot of the barrier is just knowledge. And I guess that's what Think Tech Hawaii is about. And that's what Ehana Kako, what we're about at the Grassery Institute is sharing the best knowledge to help Hawaii's government and Hawaii's society. So thanks so much for joining me. I was here with Jay Ogden and Chris Feetz of Sustainability Design Consultants. And my name is Joe Kent and I'm vice president at Grassery Institute of Hawaii. Aloha.


Now, another key character that I want to highlight, and especially when you're thinking about how sadistic people can be and how evil human nature can be, is actually the character of Roger. So whilst he actually doesn't say that much, he is a very important character. And he's interesting because actually he stands in stark contrast to Jack. So whilst we know that Jack can be very power hungry, he represents the dictator. However, on the one hand, Jack is interested in power and the chase of hunting. Whilst Roger only is a sadistic and he creates turmoil and pain for this sake and just simply for the pleasure of creating turmoil and pain. There is no other motive. Okay, so Jack on the one hand wants to amass power.  Roger, however, all his acts of sadistic torture hurting others is just for its own sake. And of course, what he symbolizes are the elements of society, the people who steal, the people who do very wanton acts of violence without any reason. These are who we tend to call in society sociopaths and also psychopaths. Okay, now the first quotation when it comes to Roger's character, and of course, this shows really the darkest side of human nature. This is really somebody who's controlled by his it. And if you're not sure what it is, do check out my video on Sigmund Freud at the tip of the iceberg theory. So the first quotation, which emphasizes this darkness in Roger is the way he's described. A slight furtive boy ellipsis who kept himself with an inner intensity and avoidance of avoidance and secrecy. Now here, this description of Roger already sets him apart from all the other boys in terms of him being somebody who has something he's hiding. Okay, so all the other boys are euphoric. They're really happy that they're only children on the island. There's no grownups whilst Roger seems preoccupied with something. And of course, what he's preoccupied with is just this cruelty. He sees things as things to be there to damage, things to use up and toss to the side. Now the word level analysis you want to do here when it comes to his character is firstly the adjectives, slight furtive. And what these adjectives do is to create tension. They show that there's something up with this child. And of course, also, it's interesting that what this is showing perhaps is Golding's perspective. On characters like psychopaths and sociopaths, these evil people, he maybe perhaps seems to be taking the view that even children can be born inherently evil and psychopathic, which of course is very unstabilizing for us as readers. The other word level analysis to do here is of course, alliteration, who and with. Again, this emphasizes just how secretive and how almost scary Roger seems. The final word level analysis for this quotation is assonance of eye and inner intensity and avoidance. Again, this is really emphasizing this furtiveness around Roger. The second quotation to remember for his character is Roger stooped comma picked up a stone comma aimed and threw it at Henry through it to miss. And what this is showing is he is sadistic. He is doing things to harm others for harm's sake. Henry, this other little young boy has done nothing to him. He is just harming. He's sadistic. Now, the word level analysis you want to focus on here are the verbs stooped, picked, aimed, threw. And this shows he's very measured in his acts of violence, he's very calculated.  This is what makes the psychopaths and the sociopaths among us so scary. We don't understand even the motives and they themselves don't understand their motives for acts of cruelty. They can sometimes just be very destructive individuals. And of course, Roger is emphasizing this destruction. And this is further emphasized because he throws a stone to Henry to miss. And this is emphasized through, in terms of word level analysis, the repetition of the verb through. And of course, this again shows he's very calculated. He's calculating his acts of cruelty and he's being selective with how much he wants to hurt other boys. Now, the final quotation with Roger's character is Roger led the way when he's walking with Morris. And this, he's now creating all of this destruction just for no reason. Okay, so Roger led the way, ellipsis, kicking them over comma, burying the flowers comma, scattering the chosen stones. And again here, he's just walking around just destroying nature, destroying things, destroying order. And again, this shows just how he's just a very sadistic character. He just enjoys creating chaos and disorder. Okay, now the word level analysis you want to do here is firstly the violent verbs kicking. Okay, he's just being really violent. And this is in contrast to the fragile noun flowers.  He's just destroying, just out of pure sadistic pleasure. The other word level analysis and arguably this is structure is a syndicate. This is listing, a syndetic listing. Okay, so comma, kick them over comma, burying flowers comma. Okay, and of course, I even forgot to mention the violent verbs, they're both kicking and burying. Okay, and now going back to a syndicate here, what this is showing is just how much enjoyment Roger takes out of just causing all of this destruction. So do bear in mind that Roger is a really interesting character. He's a very fearful character because he's embodying the elements within our society. Thankfully, there are a minority group of people, but they still are there, the elements within our society, people who are born inherently sadistic, inherently to some degree malevolent, and they create chaos and destruction for chaos and destruction's sake, showing again, and if there's enough of these people and if they have enough influence, they can destroy order and civilization in society. So that's it when it comes to Roger's character and the quotation to remember for his character.


and and doing different things and that would indicate some activity but I don't see any of that up to date I don't know if you have no I hear of it but not not of it not of anything with a fellow like you a large or somebody that's powerhouse I think what you what you hear if you hear it you know as we know let's get a majority of people bring us that information and everything we want to and they keep bringing it sometimes it's over emphasized and everything else and then in between it is the constant interjection of the columnist in an effort to try to create a breach in our party going into Atlantic City and this is the very thing I don't want I know you don't know but they say if you don't they're grinding out these television appearances and they're making these life and look articles coming out tomorrow you know in this library out in Chicago no what is that you know the library exhibit yeah but again this is fine but you remember all of these things and then when the delegates that there was any vote from the delegates but I would I would very strongly at least think that I'll do something different as far as your concern I'm afraid would be bad for you personally and then have it ramifications over into November sure don't you think about I want you to handle it for me you watch it and do that and feel around and I think you ought to point out if you get a chance that the problem is the Midwest and now we're going to try to hold part of the South and get them it looks like the East isn't pretty good shape looks like the West isn't pretty good shape but the question is what we can do to in the middle west in the middle west and we'll kind of we'll kind of get it away from Boston because we've we've got that area that we looked to and then he looked down the road it doesn't have to move right now we ought to be get split up now I think you're right and you do that give me a ring you give me a ring I might hold that other I'll do that and let me have your suggestion what do you want this poll mean to you is that about what you thought I think we'll do better what we haven't started to move yet we've had the image in the picture of this traditional period and then you've had this invention now that the next test comes immediately after Labor Day when we start to talk about the issues we talk you you what what are the people you talk about say about go water we're gonna get many Republicans you're gonna get we have which is our headquarters is in the indication since last Thursday the telephone we put four more people on switchboard because we've been getting called for 10 and 12 hours a day on people that want to come over and give their name and address and while in volunteer if we've never had anything like this in the history of politics I'm getting them all together we're gonna we're writing them a nice letter we're sending them a lbj that had been and then both democratic stickers first on their cars and in cars and we're sending the buttons with the hat and I'll be giant and democratic on it and I'll bet you that today we have a couple of thousand people that have said they've been Republicans it's a very inception but they're over and into the campaign and want to work we the poll shows we got 39 percent of Republicans is that right well that they're gonna first dirt jumping up in the air because they say this is the first time they really had a candidate these fellows that are the conservatives and against all things we've been doing in the party but I think it's probably a good thing for us to because the issue will be clearly before the people I know you think so when you talk to me Thursday about to who you want to make speech what you want to do we're thinking we're gonna make John McCormick the chairman we're gonna make the Carl Albert the chairman of platform he gets along with the north and the south doesn't hate him I think what we would I suggest on that is that we be as brief as can be and we have one second I'm trying to get him to do that I had a fight today with Secretary State Secretary defense they won't put in everything I told him let's be brief Roosevelt Roosevelt that's what I told him Roosevelt had a short one 32 and a short one in 36 and you'd be thinking about what you want your group doing and also think about how you think out of what I ought to do what I ought to just stay here where I ought to get out of what I ought to do I'm gonna rely on you now and then you I'm gonna work you the next four months you work me the next four years I'll trade you a year for a month that's about that's about the way we balance all new watch thanks for


I don't believe there are good people and bad people. I think we do things that carry ramifications. Negative and positive. Okay, sometimes just negative. And I don't know if it's karma or guilt and shame, but I do feel badly. Or is it poorly? Whatever. My point is sometimes I wish I could just make amends. Some things I can't make amends for. I'm going to have to ask you to leave. I know, but I'm just trying to make amends. I've used all your milk and toilet paper. You can't accept that. You don't know how much I've used.  Merry Christmas. Happy Kwanzaa. And other things, it's not clear whether I really want to make amends or what exactly I'm trying to make amends for. Hi, mom. I just wanted to call and apologize because I feel like I always use you in my shows when I don't have an organic third bead and just in general. But it's not like I use like your JD profile or something like that. I don't do anything like that. And I feel like actually if I was like genuinely apologizing, I wouldn't even be doing this on camera. I would just be face to face, which means that maybe I can still use that really weird video of you where you talk about your obsession with Jane Austen. The only thing that's weird about that video is the way that I shot it. There was a time I would have felt guilty sharing this video of my mom's obsession with Jane Austen. And now I'd feel guilty if I didn't share it with you. So let me make amends to those who haven't seen my mom discussing her obsession with Jane Austen. It does seem to me as an outsider, it's a little like grown-ups playing dress-up. They wore these weird underwear and we pushed their busts up right up into their chin. Yeah.  And you get an answer right away. But you do this more than once like you guys dress up again and again and again. Well this year we would be having a ball next week. Oh my goodness, there's a ball next week. As to who was the sexiest man, and then we voted on which couple would have the best sex in their marriage. The outcome was, well a lot of people thought that Captain Wentworth and Anne Elliot would be very happy together. That was a big vote. I voted Captain Wentworth too. And who did you vote for the sexiest man? Well I would have said Mr. Darcy. You know, it certainly isn't Edward Ferris, let's put it that way. I would have said Mr. Darcy, but as I told you, did they take with the last conference what the cheer was? No. Tilney rules and Darcy drools. I think they all thought Henry Tilney was the best. Now why did they say Darcy drools? Is that mean or what? Um, all right mom, thank you so much for doing this. I really appreciate it. Remember Henry rules and Darcy drools.


What did Oprah's body language mean and what did it say when she was talking to Gayle King about the Meghan and Harry interview? Greg, why don't you tell us about the video we're gonna watch? Yeah, this was recorded in Mark's hometown of Toronto and this is Gayle King, our favorite interviewer, interviewing her friend Oprah about whether she had planned a bombshell interview with these two or that was just news to her. I was surprised by the bombshell as everybody else. I was doing an interview to offer them a platform to tell their story about why they left and that was my number one intention was just clarity on why did you leave? And so some of the things that were revealed in that interview came as a surprise to me and those surprises are now referred to as bombshell but I didn't set out to do a bombshell interview. I set out to do an interview, have a conversation that would allow them to tell their story. All right, Mark, what do you got? Yeah, so the big thing here for me is, well, number one, that repetition of bombshell, bombshell, bombshell, think about that metaphor. I mean, obviously there wasn't an actual real bombshell went down but the metaphor is destructive, it's surprising, it's explosive.  So let's come back to that later and whether you would really be surprised by a bombshell or is that really what you're looking for? But interesting body language there, head back there massively. Whole body goes back on some of the things that were revealed. I don't find that movement particularly congruent though. I mean, it's a little bit kind of late. So I'm, you know, I find, I think it was natural. I think it was, let's say, authentic but it's odd. It happens at an odd time. So I'll be interested in what you guys think about that. One last thing, allow them to tell their story, bitter taste in the mouth there as well. So again, is she surprised by this bombshell? Is she taken aback by it really? Did it really create some bitterness for her? Wow, I didn't really want this to explode. Don't know. Scott, what do you think? I think she looks pretty comfortable here. She, of course, it's Oprah, so she could talk about anything and she'd look comfortable, but her illustrators are flowing properly. Her cadence is just loping right along. She doesn't sound like she's pausing to think and construct anything. Obviously she's already known, knows what she's gonna say because she knows Gail and they've talked about it. But still, what comes with that when you make something up or you're not being honest with it, you see a lot of these little glitches going on that we're not seeing here. The main thing is as she's using her illustrators, they're laying in right where they should. Her vocal tones where it always is, everything's really, really smooth. Nothing's out of place. Everything sounds good. Her illustrators are big. As we know from Alton Frey that if most of the time, a lot of times when someone's being dishonest or they're being deceptive, their illustrators will get a whole lot smaller or they may not use them at all. And she's doing everything the way you would do that we would expect to see if someone's being honest. Chase, what do you got? Yeah, one thing that somebody might pick up on here is this thing that she's doing with her fingers. I think this is just a very mild, pacifying gesture. And she does, if you watch any of her interviews all the way back into the early 90s that I could see, you can see these small little behaviors. And she has multiple methods of keeping herself calm. She's super calm and collected. This is just one of those things doesn't indicate deception or stress. And in Mark to your point, this backward head movement, I think this was at the recall of hearing the information, the recall of reacting to the information, like, wow, that was big. So yeah, I agree with you guys. This is honest. And I think if there was some deception here, we would see some irregularities no matter what celebrity it is. There's always gonna be something there for us to grab on to. Greg, what do you got? Yeah, interesting. You bring up the ring thing. I do that myself. Dr. Phil does it and we sat with him. He's doing this, changing it from finger to finger. I don't think it necessarily indicates stress. It can indicate boredom. It can indicate just, hey, I got something to do. I'm doing my thing and I'm doing this. I do that fairly often when I'm sitting around. So I don't think that means anything. Her illustrator, Scott, just what you said, there are key points where her arms are moving at the right time, her fingers are closing and opening. She has her hands together and milling them. I think that's just, look, I'm in front of a camera. I do this all the time. I need to look comfortable.  So she's adapting a little bit, but it's no big deal because it's just who she is. Watch her hands as she tells the story. And as she reaches to pull together their story, she's illustrating, not just illustrating, but very succinctly saying they could tell their story, pull things in. My number one intent was clarity. Does that look like clarity to you? Wide open. She does this and then back. She does the back. I agree. I think it's shock at maybe what she heard that she didn't expect them to throw out there. She might have even known it, but she didn't expect them to say that about the royal family. And then she goes to the tweezer movement to put a fine point on things as she's talking about why did you leave? Her tone of voice is telling. Her pitch is serious and consistent. Her cadence is not halting or rushed. She's got a light smile of amusement as she makes eye contact with Gail at the end. And she just illustrates everything in time, in cadence, her pitch, everything's together. I really believe she didn't know that they were gonna say some of those things on TV whether she knew them or not. I was as surprised by the bombshell as everybody else. I was doing an interview to offer them a platform to tell their story about why they left. And that was my number one intention was just clarity on why did you leave? And so some of the things that were revealed in that interview came as a surprise to me. And those surprises are now referred to as bombshell, but I didn't set out to do a bombshell interview. I set out to do an interview, have a conversation that would allow them to tell their story. And now people say reconciliation, reconciliation. We hope the brothers reconcile. What do you say? I do not get into people's family matters. Everybody who has experienced some challenges in their families with in-laws or brothers or sisters knows how difficult some of those situations can be. And I'm sure that for the royal family, it's no different. And nobody consults me about their family business. So I try to stay out of people's family business. Chase, what do you think? I think it's awesome that when she's saying everybody who struggles with XYZ, I think it's great that she's socializing the issue instead of allowing the question to be, let's talk trash about this family who's also grieving right now. She socialized and said, everybody, all of us have problems. Everybody's got problems. I like that she did that and kind of didn't angle toward the drama, which is great. And she starts to self-soothe a little bit with a ring on her left hand. At the moment she says family and relationships might be a coincidence. I'll leave it up to you and the brilliant minds in the comments to figure that out. And when she says, nobody consults me about their family, that's the only time we really see some hard digital flexion there. Not sure why, but digital flexion typically means that fingers are coming in towards the palm, some kind of closing off, some things closing off because the body is closing up a little bit, potentially just a desire to end the conversation or some pre-event anxiety about the joke that she had just made. A lot of us get nervous immediately after a joke before the reaction happens, which might've been that. Scott, where do you go? All right, I agree with you completely. Everything looks again as it should look. She does get a little bit, you're right, when she starts talking about family, gets a little bit iffy there, only because I'm sure it's stressful for her because when she's talked about other families and other people and families and their family. But in this case, she's saying I'm really not interested in doing that. That's not what I do. That's not who I am. And I think she's being honest about that. I really can't add a whole lot to that. Mark, what do you got? Yeah, so look, again, repetition of this idea of reconciliation, reconciliation, reconciliation. So we've had bombshell, bombshell, bombshell, reconciliation, reconciliation, reconciliation. And so the big narrative here, which is a primal narrative is things get broken and you want to put them back together again. Everybody's experienced that. We've all broken stuff and we've instantly gone, oh, I hope I can put it back together. And sometimes we have and sometimes we haven't. Sometimes we've been disappointed by putting it back together. Sometimes we've been delighted. So there is this overarching big story that's being pushed here and the news agencies are doing it. As we speak, this idea of can these four people or two people get reconciled and get put back together again. It's a beautiful story. So she says, I do not get into family matters. Here's what I'd say, is that that might be her personal point of view right now, but there's a lack of evidence for that because of course, she does produce entertainment that is about family matters. So it's contrarian to what the bigger picture is. She says, I try to stay out of people's family business. Well, then best not to interview people then, isn't it? Because that's what your audience is interested in. There is nothing more interesting for an audience than the relationships between people. We get so excited by those relationships. So I don't deny that on a personal level, she feels she doesn't get into family matters and she does stay out of people's business, but she is in Melior, a world of the media, which is obsessed with family matters and obsessed with people's relationships. And the Royal Family are an icon. They are a symbol of relationship. So it's a tough thing to say, given what she's involved with. Greg, what do you got on this one? Yeah, I like a couple of things in here. The first one is she shows genuine amusement at the assumption that the Royal Family would ask her for advice. I mean, I think even she's Oprah, she may be American royalty. Mark, can you imagine the queen dialing up Oprah and saying, hey, Dr. Phil Oprah, what do you think of? No, it's just not gonna happen.  And then she's looting her way through the words can be, am I sure? Like looking for approval. And that's a friend talking to a friend and language is familiar. Then there's this, she shifts tone and cadence. She shifts her speech patterns. I do it in the South all the time. If I'm talking to Southern folks and something's broken, I'll say that dog won't in it. Just to say something like that. And a lot of times in African American culture, they'll shift pattern the way they speak to other people that they know well for the same thing. And you hear some of that in her tone change in the end. That's familiar, that's comfort. And she says basically, yeah, that ain't happening. I ain't getting into business. You hear a change the way she talked. I think we heard Barack Obama masterfully do that at times. When he would shift gears there and make himself more folksy and more down to earth. I think that's what we're seeing. And now people say reconciliation, reconciliation. We hope the brothers reconcile. What do you say? I do not get into people's family matters. And I, you know, everybody who has experienced some challenges in their families with in-laws or brothers or sisters knows how difficult some of those situations can be. And I'm sure that, you know, for the royal family, it's no different. And nobody consults me about their family business. So I try to stay out of people's family business. Let's do this, let's roll around the room and see what we think real quick, even though we just did. This is a short one. Mark, you wanna go first? Yeah, so I think it's complex what's happening here. I think you have got somebody who's being very honest with the audience and with the interviewer here. At the same time, there's an honesty around, or we have to be honest around the fact that she's in entertainment and entertainment loves the idea of the bombshell and the reconciliation. So she's having to manage these two things at once. It's a management situation that's going on here, I would say. Chase, what do you think? Yeah, I agree with you guys. Mostly honest, a lot of entertainment stuff going on. Oprah had an extremely rough childhood and upbringing, if you haven't heard about that, wow. So maybe that's, maybe there's a soft spot there for family drama and family trouble. Greg? Yeah, I've heard that she actually considers these guys friends, so maybe that plays into it. You know, that's her friend's family and you don't wanna probe into that too much. What I love is watching the familiar between two kind of powerhouses in this business, talking to each other and how comfortable they are with each other. It puts her more at comfort and she is very fluid in what she's saying. Her over emphasis is in the wrong place. Everything is working well. She's believable and I love that they can talk to each other the way they do and she said, this interview's over. Scott, what do you got? I agree with all you guys. We're seeing two professionals, like you were saying, Greg, just talking for a few minutes. They know why they're there and it's a big deal, but I think Oprah handled it perfectly and just said exactly what, not just what she should say, but I think she told the truth. I think she said, here's what happened and there it was. So that's what I got. All right, be good. Yeah, I'm good. I'll see you next time. Deal. How are you guys?


Cannabis has been used for thousands of years for both medicinal and recreational purposes. However, in the 20th century, international regulation saw marijuana bands across the globe, from the UK to Jamaica to the USA. Over the last decade, attitudes towards POT have changed. Uruguay and Canada have legalised cannabis for both medicinal and recreational use. In the USA, marijuana is now legal in some form in over 30 states, making it the largest legal market in the world. And in Europe, Germany has one of the fastest growing medicinal cannabis industries predicted to grow from $9 million to $1.6 billion by 2022. From companies growing the herb to distributors to those making cannabis-based products, the global marijuana market is estimated to be worth around $20 billion, a figure estimated to double by 2021. Wider legalisation of the drug has been reflected in the markets with both the NASDAQ and NYSE accepting the listing of cannabis stocks for the first time in 2018. So what does this budding economy mean for traders? And as more countries look set to legalise the drug, are cannabis stocks set for new highs? Opto has identified eight companies to watch in the sector. They include Canada's Canopy Growth, the only cannabis producer to have a joint listing on the NYSE and Toronto Stock Exchange with the ticker Weed. After acquisitions in the Latin market, it's now eyeing opportunities in Europe. Tilray was the first cannabis company to IPO the NASDAQ in 2018. Its share price rocketed from $17 to $300 in just two months but has since come off those highs. And Hexocorp, which distributes easy-to-use cannabis products, looks set to capture a large section of the Canadian market with plans to expand into Latin America and Europe this year. In the short term, as more countries move towards legalising the herb, stocks such as these have the potential to rally, offering traders opportunities. Much like cryptocurrencies, new industries can offer fresh opportunities and risks. The crypto market hit an all-time high of $830 billion in January 2018, but tumbled nearly 80% by the end of the year. And much like the crypto industry, the cannabis industry could be burnt by increased regulation and legal impediments, specifically in the USA. So while forecasts suggest that the marijuana market could hit $146 billion by 2025, traders need to keep a clear head. As global legalisation spreads and talks of regulation increases, stocks could swing sharply in the near future. In the long term, as cannabis settles into the wider drug market, it remains to be seen which companies can stay in the green.