Welcome back to my channel and welcome if you're new here. It is Monday. So it is meal prep day I have three absolutely fantastic recipes to share with you We have breakfast lunch and a dessert a chocolatey ooey gooey dessert So if you want to see what I have for this week's meal prep, stay tuned For breakfast this week, I'm going to be making heart healthy overnight oats I'm so excited about these it has been a while since I've had overnight oats I even bought some new ball jars for them So it was a little bit bigger for all of the good stuff So let me show you what is in this week's breakfast first You're going to need some organic rolled oats highly recommend organic on your oats They're heavily sprayed with glycosate, which is the active ingredient in Roundup So it's kind of the one thing I really recommend or one of the things that you pick up organic So I picked these ones from the thrive market I do have a link down below for thrive where you get $20 worth of free products when you join the marketplace I love them. There's free shipping. They give you goodies with your order It's just an all-around great place to find good whole organic foods at really really affordable prices So definitely check out the thrive market down below. So I'm going to be using their organic rolled oats I'm going to do oat milk just because I have it on hand and something a little bit different Chia seeds.  These are the one pint Jars, they're a little bit bigger than my old one. So things will fit a little bit better in there Organic unsweetened coconut flakes. You'll need some almonds. These are from nut stop I also have 10% off for you guys at nut stop. It is not an affiliate link. It simply just gets you 10% off I'll put that code here on the screen and it the link is down below I like them as well because they're affordable and I really like these slivered almonds So I'm going to add some of those You'll need some yogurt. This is the organic whole milk maple heal yogurt Now I will put the points down below for full fat milk and fat-free yogurt or milk yogurt and Fat-free yogurt so you can decide which one you want to use in your overnight oats and then you'll need some frozen fruit I'm going to be doing this smoothie singles I want to use these up and I thought this sounded really good for these oats It's peaches pineapple strawberries grapes and passion fruit and I got these at Costco and they come in these little bags So I'm just going to add some of these to the overnight oats And then lastly you'll just need some cinnamon and some vanilla extract So let's get started on breakfast. So let's put together our overnight oats So I have my ball jar here You can see I finally wised up and bought a bigger ball jar because the other one I had was too small So this should be the perfect size. So first thing I'm going to do is at the bottom I'm going to put my one-quarter cup of my rolled oats I like to put my liquid in last so that it has a chance to kind of soap through everything So there are my oats to that. I'm going to add one tablespoon of those slivered almonds I also have one tablespoon of unsweetened coconut flakes This is going to be so good and then I have one tablespoon of my chia seeds and then I do like to kind of just give that a quick mix Just kind of roll it around make sure that all gets kind of mixed together nicely To that we're going to go ahead and add one-quarter cup of yogurt So this is I'm using the full fat yogurt But I'll definitely leave the points below if it changes them for a fat-free yogurt And then I have one third cup of my oat milk. So I'm going to go ahead and add that next And then I'm going to add just a splash of vanilla extracts And Also just the tiniest bit of cinnamon and then I'm going to add my fruit directly to the top And here's the fruit that I'm using so I'm just going to put some in my jar You can do as much as you want frozen fruit is zero points So I'm just going to kind of fill my jar up probably about Half of this bag these are little individual bags because they're made for smoothies But I thought I would just use them up in my overnight oats plus that flavor combination of pineapple papaya Yum. All right. So there we go. We've got everything in our overnight oats here So all we have to do is put on the lid We're gonna put this in our refrigerator and then each day I just pull one out mix it up and I have breakfast doesn't this look so good I probably will pair this with eggs. So let me put together the rest of these and I'll show you all of our completed breakfast And nothing's working But there's something inside of you that says All right, so here is breakfast don't these look so good you guys I made five jars of my overnight oats So this is what they look like I give them a good shake before I throw them into the refrigerator And then literally by the morning they're set the fruit is kind of melted and creates like this yummy juice in there It's going to be absolutely delicious So what I probably will end up doing is pairing this with one or two eggs That way I get a little bit of protein along with my oats So let me give you the smart points for the overnight oats So if you are using full fat yogurt These are eight smart points on both blue and green and six smart points on the purple plan Now if you use fat free yogurt, you're gonna drop the points by two So then your six points on blue and green and four points on purple But yes, I can't wait for these this recipe will be on my website So make sure that you check it out, but I'm excited for breakfast How awesome is this kind of gets you in that springy vibe? So my breakfast are these heart healthy overnight oats and some eggs For lunch this week. I'm going to be making quinoa taco bowls now. These are actually vegetarian I am not adding any meat to these because there are beans in here Now you can certainly add chicken or ground turkey or ground beef But I'm going to make them without because the protein is going to come from the beans We're also making a really quick delicious homemade guacamole. So let me show you what is in this week's lunch First you're going to need some quinoa. I'm just gonna cook this in a pan with some broth That's my favorite way to cook up the quinoa Also, you'll need some beans a can of pinto beans and black beans some taco seasoning I buy mine off of the thrive market because it has fabulous ingredients Check your ingredients of your regular taco seasoning There's usually pretty questionable things in there and this one actually has really really good ingredients And again the link for thrive and the $20 off is down below in the description box So that is the components of the bowl itself and then for toppings. I have some organic tomatoes We're gonna need some garlic salt for our homemade guacamole. I'm gonna top my bowl with some cilantro Some romaine lettuce. You'll also need some avocados and a lime to make that guacamole So let's get started on this week's lunch So the first thing that I've done here is went ahead and added one cup of quinoa Dried quinoa to my pan and then I added two cups of just some organic free-range chicken broth You want to do double the liquid to the quinoa amount? You simply bring this to a boil reduce your heat pop a lid on and in about 15 minutes You have a perfectly cooked quinoa.  So let's get everything chopped up So once everything's chopped up and ready to go I have some sandwich or snack-sized bags I'm gonna do one bag of tomatoes and one bag of lettuce and cilantro I don't want to mix the tomato with the lettuce because it makes it soggy So I'm gonna go ahead and bag these up and then these will be ready to go for when we assemble the bowl So once your quinoa comes to a boil we're just gonna go ahead and really reduce the heat I also like to kind of just give it a quick stir and then we are going to get all steamy There we go. We're simply going to add a lid on and we're just gonna let this cook until the quinoa is cooked completely through I did go ahead and Rinse my black beans and pinto beans. So once the quinoa is done We'll add those and the taco seasoning directly to the quinoa. So my quinoa is done So to my quinoa I'm gonna go ahead and add my drained and rinsed black beans and pinto beans And I'm also going to add my packet of taco seasoning and I'll add a little bit of water We'll mix this all together and then we're ready to put these bowls all together now you guys this is so easy I mean this was literally a very easy easy meal prep lunch And it should be really good full of real clean food and it should be very filling between the quinoa and the beans So I'll get this all mixed together and we'll assemble these bowls So our mixture for our bowls is done. Doesn't that look delicious? So to put our bowls together. It's very simple We're going to add one fourth so this entire batch of quinoa taco seasoning and beans makes four rest four bowls So we want about a half of a cup of quinoa. I think that's a little much there We go about a half of a cup of quinoa in each bowl and then all I'm going to do is place my bag of cut-up tomatoes and My bag of lettuce and cilantro just kind of in the bowl and then when I go to warm it up for lunch I'll go ahead and pull out the two cold items warm up the quinoa bean mixture And then we'll add our homemade guacamole and you could really add tortilla chips sour cream Whatever you want you would just have to count the points for that So let's put together the rest of our lunch bowls I just have to follow that because you don't know The portion I am gonna go ahead and put one bowl together for you to show you guys what it looks like It's what I'll have for lunch today.  So I would just recommend that you just weigh out your avocado before you add your lime juice and anything else to it And then you'll know how many points to count for your avocado And then to that I'm just going to add just a little bit of my lime juice So that's what's really going to make it taste good and get that kind of more guacamole consistency So this is a very easy guacamole and the only thing you have to count points for is the avocado We're gonna add a little bit of garlic salt and that's what's really going to elevate that flavor and make it much more like a guacamole So mix that all together Smash up your avocado to the consistency of guacamole that you like whether it be chunky or smooth I do like my guacamole a little bit chunky So I am going to leave a few chunks into my guacamole and now let's put together a bowl So to put together our bowls I went ahead and added the quinoa bean mixture to the bottom of my bowl To that I'm going to go ahead and add the lettuce and cilantro packet And what I'm going to do is just kind of put that lettuce and cilantro On about half of my bowl maybe three quarters of my bowl Because we still want to be able to see the quinoa and bean mixture Especially for like aesthetic reasons and then when we go to eat it we'll go ahead and just mix it all together So I've got my cilantro and my lettuce and then I also have my cut up tomatoes So I'm going to put those On my bowl as well just kind of off to the side here I'm going to add my guacamole because that is going to be part of my bowl is the actual guacamole And then I think the last thing that I'm going to add Is a couple of crushed up tortilla chips now you also could do sour cream You could add olives kind of whatever you want to You just have to count the points for whatever toppings you decide to put on your quinoa bowl So to top my bowl, I'm going to use one point of the siete grain free tortilla chips in lime So basically it's going to be about two And a half chips and I'm just going to kind of crinkle that up on top of my bowl here And that's going to give me that nice crunch now you could really add whatever else you wanted Of course to your bowl, you just need to make sure that you count those points So there we go. We add a little bit of tortilla chips to the top And our quinoa taco bowl is done. So let me flip you around and show you our completed lunch So here is our completed quinoa taco bowl doesn't this look absolutely delicious So let me go over the points here for you If you are on the blue plan, this is only three smart points The only thing you have to count points for is the quinoa now for toppings I do need to add those points in so I have one point work of the siete chips I have two points worth of avocado my lettuce salsa tomatoes are all zero smart points So this is going to be a six smart point lunch. Look how delicious this looks now if you are on The green plan without any toppings This is seven points and on the purple plan it is actually zero smart points before you add any toppings So I'm so excited for these. This is going to be a fantastic delicious lunch. I can't wait I'll probably pair this with a fruit and it's going to be wholesome filling and delicious clean eating Four sweet treats this week. I'm going to be making clean eat them eating Freedom brownies. Oh, that's a mouthful Very simple literally six ingredients and I've heard that these brownies are phenomenal And they're really really low smart point for a brownie. So let me show you what's in our brownies Calls for cocoa powder. I don't have cocoa powder on hand. I just always sub cacao powder So I'm going to be using that for the chocolate base You'll need some coconut flour coconut oil maple syrup vanilla extract And some eggs super simple. So let's make some brownies. So I have my bowl here to my bowl I'm going to add one third cup of coconut flour. I just went ahead and measured a mountain bowl since I don't have enough One third cups. I'm also going to add five Cracked eggs and you guys know me and my shells. I always crack those Separately and then the recipe calls for one half of a cup of maple syrup. You can see I don't quite have a half of a cup. I'm out completely I thought I had way more and I was just at Trader Joe's like two days ago So I'm going to have to add that to my list and pick up some more maple syrup I actually looked at Costco and they didn't have any so One of those things that are in big demand, I guess and then I have another third cup here of my cacao powder You can use unsweetened coconut powder I just like cacao. It's a superfood and it gives it a little bit more rich chocolate taste And then I went ahead and warmed up one third cup of coconut oil as well And last but not least I'm going to add just a little bit of vanilla extract And then we are just going to mix this all together and that's it that is all We have to do for these brownies and let me just tell you how delicious This smells. I'm hoping that they're sweet enough with a little lower amount of syrup Um, I'm sure that they will be but that is that's a bummer. I really didn't know I was that low on syrup So let me get this mixed together and then we're ready to throw this into a baking pan All right, so I have my baking dish. This is a small one It's about a six by nine. You could do a seven by 11 Depending on the size of the dish you choose the thickness of your brownies will vary But here is my brownie mix. It looks really good. So I'm literally just going to pour it on in It smells incredible. It smells like When you go into a bakery that just really sweet like cookie cake Brownie smell. That's what this batter smells like. So I I'm really excited not to mention that these brownies are super clean everything. So we're going to go ahead and add our brownie mix And that's it. This is going to go into 350 degree oven for about 30 minutes or until our brownies are cooked through Oh my goodness you guys my brownies are out of the oven These look incredible. They need to cool completely. The recipe says let them cool completely or they will fall apart So I'm going to let those get cooling and I'm actually going to boil some eggs in my instant pot So I wanted to show you guys I've shown this before but a lot of you are new to my channel I want to show you the 555 method for making literally the easiest best hard boiled eggs So while these delicious brownies cool, let's make some eggs. So for the easiest To peel best tasting hard boiled eggs go ahead and add your insert to your instant pot You can also use the one that's made for eggs. I just use the little rack. It works just fine To that we're going to go ahead and add one cup of water and that's going to serve as the liquid Over here. I have my eggs.  It has all the different little accessories and tools for the instant pot So I'll link that down below for you guys All right, so all you're going to do then is pop in your eggs. I might actually do all that are left here So I love hard boiled eggs. Love them on salad. I love them for breakfast when I don't feel like actually making an egg So that's the last of those eggs So very very simple You're going to pop your lid on and then down here on your display panel You're simply going to select It's dirty. There we go You're simply going to select the egg button And it's going to set it for five minutes Once that five minutes is up You're going to naturally release for five and then we'll take our eggs out So I'll show you that once the timer goes off So the timer went off and now it is naturally releasing so you can see that it is released for two minutes So when that reads five minutes, we'll go ahead and turn this dial here to venting And then we'll be ready to put our eggs into an ice bath when you hit five minutes We're going to go and release what a little bit of pressure is left Remove the lid. I have an ice bath here And what I'll do is usually just take my tongs pull the eggs out and put them into the ice bath And here are our eggs So I just go in with my tongs because they are like super duper hot And I just go ahead and pop them here Into this ice bath and then you want to do five minutes in the ice bath as well So basically that's where you get the 555 method Now you can go longer in the ice bath if you want it's not going to hurt anything But once it's sat in the ice here for five minutes I'm not joking when I tell you that these are the easiest to peel Perfectly hard boiled eggs ever so I'll be back to show you just how quick and easy they peel And then kind of how I store my eggs I do pre-peel them all because my husband if he has to peel them himself He doesn't eat them. So I'll be back to show you the next step So here's my system. I have one two Crack the egg put the shells here put the cracked egg here to allow it to dry So I take an egg out of my water Give it a quick crack and literally you guys look at this the shell It just falls off of this these eggs. It's just absolutely amazing. Look at that Just comes right off and you can even take it off in big pieces Once I get the shell removed I will often dip in the water and then go ahead and just set it aside I kind of demolish that one, but you get the idea. So let's go ahead and get all these eggs peeled Yeah, there this one's coming out better.  I mean, they're a little bit damp still But I'll go ahead and add all my eggs into that. I kind of try to place them on the paper towel I feel like that works really well Go ahead and pop all your hard-boiled eggs in and again I pre peel mine because my husband does not eat them if he has to peel them himself I know I know and then I put a paper towel on top When I go to seal the bag I try to push as much air out of the bag as I can And then this is kind of how my my eggs look so they're wedged between the two paper towels It helps soak up all the moisture and then I just store these in my fridge So when I want a hard-boiled egg I just pull one out of the bag and literally you have perfect hard-boiled eggs in 15 minutes So I went ahead and cut my brownies into 15 Servings the recipe makes 15 servings So what I'm going to do is go ahead and pull one out show you the serving size and give you the smart points So here's where I remove the serving. So that's how thick the brownies are That is the size of the brownie. So that's a pretty good size And we're talking real whole clean ingredients like maple syrup Good cow powder coconut oil all the things. So that is a really good size brownie And it is four smart points per serving no matter what plan you're on So you my friends can have a brownie for four smart points So here are my snacks for this week. You guys I have a new favorite thing ever I can't wait to share it with you guys. So let's start with that These are incredible. I got these off of the thrive website. So make sure you guys are checking that out These are the lily bee grain free brownie things in the chocolate mint. These are paleo Oh my gosh, you guys these are so good They taste like the crispy edges of a brownie with a fabulous mint taste You can have an entire serving one ounce, which is literally a ton There's only four servings in this entire bag for five smart points Or you can have half of a serving half of an ounce for only two smart points all fantastic ingredients I'm not kidding when I tell you guys how amazing these are these will be a complete repurchase for me I believe they have other flavors. So next time I order from thrive I'm ordering more because they're so incredibly delicious highly recommend Also, I have some of my mary's gone crackers. I just got this flavor off thrive the lemon dill. These are really good If you're looking for a really hearty Cracker with fabulous ingredients. I love the mary. So here's your nutritional information It's I believe five points per serving But you guys these crackers are so good and filling because they're full of nuts and seeds So I usually have half of a serving for two points and I like to dip those in cottage cheese I know that sounds weird, but it is such a great combo So I dip these crackers in cottage cheese and I have like a four or five point snack full of protein full of good Healthy ingredients, but I also am getting the crunch from the crackers obsessed and I got these off of thrive as well And then this you can really just use any cottage cheese. I got this at my local health food store So I have those as kind of my Snacks maybe afternoon and then this I like to have maybe after lunch for something sweet And then in the morning, I generally will have a built bar. I have a coconut almond here And a black chocolate cherry right now built bar has a huge promotion where they're giving you 15% off of your order Which is awesome Plus free shipping So I'm going to put a link down in the description box for you guys to take advantage of the 15% off You literally can't beat it. They have some limited edition flavors out right now They just have a lot going on. They're actually giving you a bounce back where you get a discount down the road So highly recommend reordering and stocking up on your built bars Now if you're new to built bar, they have $10 off your order, which is a stellar deal And that actually goes through a separate link So I'll put that down below for you guys as well for those of you that are new to built bar highly recommend These bars are really good. This one is like an almond joy. I love it And this one it tastes like those chocolate covered cherries you get at christmas in the red and black box Love built bars. They are only three smart points per bar with the exception of the nut based bars For example peanut butter peanut butter brownie and toffee almond. Those are going to be four Smart points per bar, but you can't beat it.  They have going on right now So these are my snacks for the upcoming week Thank you for joining me on another weekly w w meal prep. I hope you're as excited about these three recipes as I am I can't wait to eat all of this goodness throughout this next week If you're new to my channel, welcome Make sure you're subscribed and your bell notification is turned on that way. You're not missing a single video All of the recipes are on my website, which just launched yesterday Sunday so down in the description box where the recipes were typed out You will find the link to come on over and visit my website where you will find photos And all of the details for all of the recipes that I share It makes it so much easier just to have everything in one centralized location Also on my website, you're going to find my discount code list So make sure that you check that out enter your email so you can subscribe to my website I'm going to be doing giveaways newsletters all sorts of fun things. So make sure you do that And lastly over on my website. Make sure that you're following me on all my social media Those links are at the very top of the website Facebook instagram and my amazon store if you have any questions on my website Please make sure that you leave those down below and I will do my best to answer those for you Also thumbs up this video if you love meal prep and comment down below I want to hear which of these recipes are you most excited to try out Thank you guys so much for spending some time with me today. Happy Monday, and I'll see you in my next video. Bye


no matter what song you are singing in your life, no matter what role or job or situation and circumstance you are in. That's the song that has lyrics that may be your day to day, but it is not the overarching background music of your life. Often when people are talking and often when I was when I help people in mentoring or when I was counseling people or so on in pastoring, I became so aware that the conversation was locked into the script and lyrics and the song of their life at that point of that day of that season. But I was listening for the soundtrack to their lives that they are tuned out of because if you tune out of the fundamental soundtrack or support pillars of your life all you're left with is the lyrics of the song that you are singing today, the awareness of what you're doing today, what's going on today, your circumstances situation and so you forget and lose touch with the guiding support structures of your life, you lose touch with the background music of your life that is a constant. It will be there, whatever role, function, circumstances are going on. So you have to learn to tune out from the song you're singing today, the lyrics in the script of today and tune in constantly and I get better at this all the time to this overarching background music. It's that that enabled me by the way to pivot to shift from 30 years of pastoring effortlessly. This was effortless virtually for me. After three decades of pastoring, imagine all the entrenchment of identity that brings to us. And I pivoted effortlessly into what I do now 10 years ago. And the reason was I was far more tuned in to the soundtrack to my life of the transferable skills that didn't matter what role I was in. This soundtrack, these pillars would always be with me or would work whatever I was. That's why it's important to be tuned in to those in your life. And these I'm going to speak to you about for me and help you find yours today rather than the immediacy and the subjectivity of what's going on today.


go to the plus button and I said I'm just gonna have an expense but instead of it going to and let's say we're gonna pay whatever and then instead of it to check an account I'm just gonna choose a Mastercard so what's that going to do now it's gonna increase the liability so it's still like an I can use the expense form which is which is common but now it's gonna go to a financial institution account but it's gonna be impacting a credit card account which will increase a liability and this is just how the bank feeds work too and I can do the same like just utilities down here let's say even though Bobsburg or doesn't sound like a utility company but but you get what I'm saying let's make this 500 so we can get that liability that liability account back up to a normal price so if I save that and then go to the balance sheet and I scroll back and I refresh and run run to refresh and then go down into my my Mastercard so now you've got your expense form that's increasing here so that's your expense form so it gets a little bit tricky because I can use that same expense form but then if I pay off with an expense form out of the checking account then it creates a sorting problem here and that's why the transfer could be useful or or a credit card payment form


Welcome myself, Gridhar Jain, Assistant Professor in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Walchen Institute of Technology, Sholapur. Now, today I am going to deliver a lecture on CMOS logic. Now, learning outcomes of the session are at the end of the session, students will be able to draw construction of CMOS inverter and describe its working. Second outcome is students will be able to design logic gates using CMOS logic. Then, this is the symbol of N channel E MOSFET. Now, this symbol of N channel E MOSFET is simplified as shown in right hand side. So, this is symbol of N channel E simplified N channel E MOSFET symbol using VLSI. So, that substrate which is shown by the dotted line. So, that is not used here. So, this symbol for the N channel MOSFET is using VLSI and below that you can see the symbol for the P channel E MOSFET using VLSI. So, this is circuit for CMOS inverter. So, drain of two MOSFETs are connected together which will be the output. Source of P MOSFET is connected to the VDD and the source of N MOSFET connected to the ground as shown in figure. And the gate of P MOS and N MOS connected together where input is applied. So, this is circuit of CMOS inverter. Now, construction of the CMOS inverter is shown in the below diagram. Now, here we start with a P substrate. Now, for this P substrate on to this P substrate. So, N plus and N plus two heavily doped N regions are obtained by diffusion. One of them is drain and other is source. So, right hand side is source and this is drain. So, this is drain between insulating layer of SiO2, polysilicon and gate. So, this is N channel E MOSFET fabricated. Now, for fabrication of the P channel E MOSFET we start with N substrate. But here already we have started with P substrate. So, what is done? A N well is obtained by diffusion on to this P substrate. So, that is N well and on to this N well two heavily doped P regions are obtained by diffusion. One of them is right hand side is drain and left hand side is source for P channel E MOSFET. Then in between these two insulating layer of SiO2 then polysilicon gate. Now, drain of two MOSFETs are connected together where we can take the output. Gate of two MOSFETs connected together where we can apply the input. The source of the P MOSFET goes to plus VDD source of N MOS goes to ground. Means the connections are made during the fabrication according to the circuit of CMOS inverter. So, this is the fabrication or construction diagram of the CMOS inverter. Now, using CMOS logic or using CMOS we can implement the various gates. Now, here let us take the example of two input NAND gate. So, NAND gate is given by Y equal to AB bar by De Morgan's theorem. AB bar is equal to A bar plus B bar and this is the circuit diagram for the two input NAND gate. Now, you can verify whether the circuit works as a two input NAND gate or not. Now, the two P MOSFETs are connected in parallel and the source of these two P MOS goes to plus VDD. Drain of two P MOS that goes to the output. Then from output two N MOS are connected in series as shown. Now, input A is applied to the gate of this P MOS and this N MOS. Similarly, input B applied to the gate of this P MOS and this N MOS as shown in figure. So, this is A and B are the inputs and Y is the output. Now, if both input are zero then upper two P MOS are conducting. If these two P MOS are conducting then output Y is getting connected to the VDD and therefore, output is logic one. Now, if input is zero one means A is zero and B is one then this P MOS will conduct this will not conduct. Therefore, output is again getting connected to the VDD means output is logic one. If input is one zero or zero one A is zero and B is one then next is A is equal to one and B is equal to zero. So, this P MOS will conduct and if input is A and B are one one then upper two P MOS will not conduct and the lower two N MOS will conduct. Therefore, output is getting connected to the ground. So, in this way the circuit works as a two input NAND gate means output. So, Y is equal to AB bar means if both inputs are one then and then output is zero. If both inputs are one then and then output is zero under all other condition the output is one. Now, pause this video and think on the following question. What will be the circuit for two input NAND gate? Now, circuit for two input NAND gate. So, already we have designed two input NAND gate. So, here two P MOS are connected in series for the upper one and below from output to the ground two N MOS are connected in parallel. So, this is input A input B VDD and VSS. So, Y is equal to A plus B bar by De Morgan's theorem this is equal to A bar into B bar and this is the circuit. For two input NAND gate. Now, actually for the CMOS logic from output to the VDD whatever is the circuit that we call as a pull-up network. Which is designed using only P MOS and from output to the ground whatever is the circuit that we call as a pull-down network. So, pull-down network is designed using only N MOS. Pull-up network will connect the output to the VDD and pull-down network will connect the output to the ground. And pull-up network and pull-down network are dual shock each other. Means in the pull-up network two P MOS are connected in series. So, in a pull-down network two N MOS are connected in parallel. So, instead of P MOS N MOS instead of series parallel. So, they are dual shock each other. So, this is the general block schematic of CMOS logic. So, pull-up network or a circuit using only P MOS and the pull-down network or circuit using only N MOS. Then pull-up network goes to VDD, pull-down network goes to ground and in between pull-up network and pull-down network output is taken. And you apply the common input to gate of MOSFETs in the pull-up network and the pull-down network. So, this is block schematic for the CMOS logic. So, in this way using CMOS logic we can implement any gate or any Boolean expression can be implemented. Now, let us implement two input AND gate using CMOS logic. Already we have implemented the two input NAND gate. So, what I have done? I have drawn two input NAND gate as it is. So, output of two input NAND gate is Y dash is equal to AB bar. And already we know the inverter CMOS inverter. So, output of NAND gate is passed through a CMOS inverter means it is inverted. Therefore, the output of CMOS inverter is nothing but Y is equal to AB. So, in this way this is two input AND gate. Similarly, two input OR gate can be designed by using the two input NOR gate followed by CMOS inverter. So, these are references. Thank you for watching the video.


Elsewhere at Oba of Benin, his royal majesty has called on Nigerians to support the administration of President Borla Tinnubu. The Benin monarch made the call in Abuja, while speaking with correspondents during a Kotsy visit to President Borla Tinnubu at the presidential villa, Abuja. Flanked by some Benin chiefs, the monarch commended the president for the various steps taken by his administration to reposition the country. Nigerians should support the president. He will walk. He's already walking. But they should support the president, of course. We will support the president. All the trajanerians will support the president. We must support the president to be successful.


Hi, my name is Jim Chote. I'm the Compliance Program Manager for VISA, Video Electronic Standards Association. At display week this week, we're showing all the latest technologies that VISA's been under developing for the last almost three years. DisplayPort 2.1, which is our latest standard version, is on full display here. We have the latest AMD Radeon Pro W7800 GPU that supports the highest data rates in the DP2.1 standard. And that's being driven through a certified bizlink cable to this brand new Dell U3224KB DisplayPort 2.1 monitor. All right. And so what's new with the new spec? It increases the data rates up to 20 gigabits per second per lane, so a total of 80 gigabits per second throughput through a single cable. That's more, for example, than the HDMI 2.1 with 48 gigabits per second? I can't speak to HDMI 2.1. What are you doing before? Yeah, so basically this is a 6K display with maximum data rate of ultra-high bit rate, 13.5 gig, on the mini DP, enhanced mini DP connector in the back. The other things we're showing are various display certification tiers, starting up with Adaptive Sync, which is a gaming spec developed by VISA. Clear motion ratio, VISA certified. This is an example of the leading display for the highest tier of clear motion. And it's an OLED panel by LG with a maximum refresh rate of 240 Hertz. So it's a really beautiful gaming display. And then over here we're just showing a comparison of various tiers of display HDR. This is a standard SDR display, low-end Dell implementation. And we're showing the same image with different display HDR ratings. So this is display HDR 600, and this is display HDR 1400, which is our highest display HDR performance tier. When you talk about 80 gigabit per second, or gigabyte? Gigabit. Gigabit per second. What was the previous generation bit rate? The maximum was display port 1.4, 8.1 gigabits per lane, times 4, so roughly half that. Alright, so doubling of the bandwidth. Maximum throughput in the bandwidth, yeah. So they can drive 6K 60 Hertz through a single cable. Where the previous generation was limited to roughly 4K 90 Hertz without compression. 8K? 8K, this could drive 8K with the SE. 60 Hertz? 60 Hertz. 120 even? It's compression, right? With compression, yes. Yeah, 10K even though, maybe. Yeah, maybe. If there's content for it, panel makers could make something work that could support that. You guys can send me some money. You can send money on Wwise. It's really smart, you don't have to send me money. You can send money to your friends, to your family. Are they in a different country? Do you need to use currency transfer like to different country transfer? Do you need to pay for stuff? Do you want to travel around the world and pay for stuff? Tiny little fees. It's so much cheaper. This is a Visa debit card. Check out my video where I explain some more. It works in 100 countries all over the world, maybe 150. It's crazy and it's really amazing and it's free. You can sign up, use your Android pay, your Apple pay or order this optional 7 euro debit card and just pay for stuff around the world. It's great to pay for stuff, right? Or send some money. Tiny little fees. It's smart. Check it out.


The narcissist has a dirty little secret something that they hide from everyone Something that they hope no one will notice The narcissist pretends to be confident They act like they've got everything figured out They act like they believe in their abilities or qualities When in reality, it's all fake It's all a lie The truth is the narcissist doesn't even exist It's a fabrication They're just an invention or a concoction of various different people You've only got to look at the narcissist after they've left you and compare it to who they were before they met you to realize this They are completely different people to how they used to be when they met you They stole your identity They stole your personality Which is why when you see them after they've left you They then dress differently and like completely different music They have completely different interests They've changed everything about themselves overnight In some cases they may become more like you Or they may become more like a celebrity that you like Or someone else that you admire It's like you have unknowingly concocted this character That looks like it came out of a lab And then it escapes And starts using the character that you have created to attract other people But by using something that you have created It seems that all they're going to attract is other people like you People who like the same things that you do People who are attracted to the same things that you like It's really insane But this is exactly what these narcissists are doing This is their dirty little secret Just remember how they were when you first met them Remember their character and personality Maybe they were shy or quiet Maybe they liked classical music But suddenly after meeting you Now they're acting really confident and loud Now they're into hip hop music And they're meeting other people who are into that When really it's not something they're really interested in They just knew that you liked it And they thought that you looked cool Or they thought it made you attract a lot of attention So now they're trying it on for size They want to see if it looks good on them They want to see if they can replicate the amount of attention that you are getting Because that's all these narcissists really care about They only care about what exists on the surface What people see And they see it as though if who they are isn't getting a lot of attention Then they need to change They need to be something else They probably met you because you were popular You would get a lot of attention You had social proof And they wanted a piece of the pie They wanted people to look up to them They wanted people to be attracted to them But they didn't see themselves as something that was desirable or attractive And before they met you They probably weren't getting much attention And that is why they stole your identity That is why they stole your personality It's not so much that they want to be you It's more that they want what you're getting They want the attention They want the admiration They want to feel like they're worth something And they know they're not going to get it by being authentic They know they're not going to get it They know they're not going to get it by being authentic They know they're not cut out to be anything great Which is why they have to steal a part of you They have to take your dress sense Your likes and interests Or they will develop an obsession With a person that you like or admire They will try to become more like them Because these narcissists have no identity of their own They don't know who they are They don't know where they came from They're just existing They are whatever they think you want them to be Whatever they think will get them the most attention But underneath that There's nothing even there It's just an empty void A mannequin wearing a wiggle makeup A beautiful facade And as long as you're willing to entertain that it exists They will stick around But you have to live a lie You cannot exist in reality While you are around these narcissists They cannot exist in reality Because they're fake They're just a concoction of different people And you're never going to get to know them Because there is nothing to know Underneath the facade There's nothing but a void There's nothing with any real meaning or purpose It doesn't even exist And if they had never met you You wouldn't even be seeing what you're seeing now But when they walk away You feel like you're missing something You feel like you're losing a part of you Because they did steal a part of you They stole your identity They stole your personality And you can feel it When someone does that to you It's like you're being raped Of everything good you've possessed in your life You just want to hold on to them You just want to pull them back Because no one wants to lose a part of themselves We all want to feel whole and complete But you have to see this a different way Instead of seeing that So they've taken a part of you That you can never get back You have to recognize that you can rebuild You have to recognize that Because whatever they took from you Was real and authentic It's something that you can always create again It's something that you can always regenerate Because you have the system You have the foundation and structure That was required to be who you are today Which is something that they will never find They will continue going from person to person Taking parts of them that they like Things that they think will make them feel desirable Or attractive to other people But they will never feel whole or complete And they will only be using what you created To attract another you Or at least someone who they think is like you Narcissists are completely delusional people They are detached from reality They see people very differently than we do So in their minds We are not one of a kind We are replaceable Because nothing really has any deep meaning or purpose To a narcissist Nothing has any sentimental value They just exist They just float around the earth Like a ghost of the victims that they have destroyed Thank you for watching I hope this video resonates with you Please like, comment, share and subscribe Click the bell icon to receive notifications For my future videos Check out the new Narc Survival website www.narcsurviver.uk Where you can read my blog posts Book coaching sessions And join our support forum If you would like to donate My PayPal link is in the video description Coaching queries you can mail me at coaching.narcsurviver.uk Thank you for watching and I'll talk to you soon


In the video you are about to watch, I am proposing that the various parts of the psyche are in a permanent state of dialogue, or if you wish, polylog. They constantly communicate with each other, they talk to each other, they negotiate with each other, they debate, they disagree or agree. This constant exchange of information and argumentation between the various parts of the psyche, of the soul, of the personality, call it as you will, generates outcomes. And one of the most prominent outcomes is what is known as a double bind. We are in a constant state of double bind. In Jung's work, associated with archetypes, the most dominant of which is the shadow, they serve to organize this dialogue and to attempt to reconcile or resolve the double bind. So the complexes and the archetypes associated with complexes, most notably the shadow, are the organizing principles of inner life. And their main role is to resolve or assuage double bind injunctions on the one hand, and to afford the illusion or self-deception of memory, continuity and core identity, were actually this fragmentation and self-states. Now I have used many terms in this introduction, which may not be clear to you, and I would like to clarify some of them. Let's start with double bind. Double bind is an observation made by the anthropologists, not the psychologists, anthropologists, Gregory Bateson and his colleagues in 1956 in schizophrenia patients. Bateson suggested that when we are exposed to messages, signals, expectations, commands that contradict each other in an environment which does not allow us to somehow resolve the dilemma, then we are finding ourselves in a double bind. Double bind can lead to mental dysfunction or mental illness, but it is a very common condition actually. Complexes and shadow are concepts which Jung used in his work, and these concepts were actually a renaming of Freud's unconscious. Psychological complexes, as I said, were first proposed by Carl Jung. These are unconscious feelings and beliefs rooted mostly in traumatic experiences, but some of them may be the result of personality traits. They are amalgams, they are compendia, collections of ideas and images and effects, emotions, organized around a specific theme. This symbolic theme is known as an archetype. Complexes affect how we perceive ourselves, how we perceive others, and how we function in relationships. They are personal, unconscious clusters of emotions, memories, perceptions and wishes organized around common themes, as I said. Complexes are somehow shaped or molded by how we grow up, how people respond to us and how we interact with other people. They are closely interrelated to what later came to be called the internal working model or a theory of mind. As I said trauma has a lot to do with complexes and I will discuss it in the video. And so complexes trigger automatic responses to certain scenarios. Jung said the complex is not under the control of the will, for this reason it possesses the quality of psychic autonomy. Its autonomy consists of its power to manifest itself independently of the will and even in direct opposition to conscious tendencies. Complexes affect how we view ourselves, how we view other people, relational aspects, our experience of the world. And so they are in many ways organizing principles. So to summarize, there's a dialogue inside ourselves between various parts of our personality. This dialogue leads to conflict and dissonance and anxiety because it often generates and results in what Bateson called the double bind and a situation where we feel trapped in dilemmas that we cannot resolve because of environmental injunctions. To resolve the double bind situation which is extremely uncomfortable and intolerable to resolve it, we resort to complexes. Amalgams of emotions, ideas and memories organized around common themes. These common themes are known as archetypes. Complexes are therefore organizational principles and explanatory principles within the inner psyche. For much more about all this, I invite you to watch this video. Now this is the first of two. The next video, I will be discussing specific complexes, the quite a few of them, and how they affect your life. Like certain YouTubers who shall remain unnamed, Carl Gustav Jung, once Freud's disciple and almost adopted son, stole many of Freud's concepts and ideas and merely renamed them, claiming to have invented them. Not very moral is it, but I'm feel sorry for Freud. Freud has stolen many of his ideas and concepts from others, most notably Breuer and Adler and others. Okay, enough with this crime saga known as psychology. Let us delve right into the topic of today's video. The shadow, complexes, the dark side of your personality. This video is divided in two parts because I'm Jewish. The first part is a general theoretical overview of the concept of complexes and shadow. And the second part is a catalogue of complexes, a variety of ways in which your mind deceives you and plays tricks on you. My name is Sam Bakhneen. I'm the author of Malinland, Sam Flav, Narcissism Revisited, a visiting professor of psychology, former and currently on the faculty of CIAPS. Okay, shadow is just another name for Freud's unconscious. It is no more and no less than the unconscious, actually. So Jung borrowed Freud's concept of the unconscious and then renamed it shadow. Part of the shadow segment, the department, a wing of the shadow land is comprised of what is known as complexes. Now, before I proceed, there have been numerous scholars, philosophers like Wittgenstein, psychoanalysts like Lacan and many others who have suggested that the unconscious is the repository of language. It actually incorporates other people's injunctions, edicts, utterances, gaze, and so on and so forth to be summarily captured and described in linguistic terms. I'm a proponent of this school of thought, and today I'm going to try to recast the shadow and its complexes in linguistic terms as a kind of internal rhetoric or internal speech. And once I succeed to convince you, I hope, that the unconscious of the shadow is a form of dialogue between one and oneself, we're going to face the problem of the double bind first described by Bateson and his colleagues in the study of schizophrenics in 1956. If indeed the shadow and the complexes are forms of internal rhetoric, internal speech, internal dialogue, if you wish, between various constructs and various parts of the personality, this would give rise almost inevitably to an internal double bind situation. Now, I owe you many explanations. I need to disambiguate and introduce you to the concepts that I've just used. Let's start with internal rhetorics. Internal rhetoric is a phrase coined by Jean Nienkamp, N-I-E-N-K-A-M-P, in her brilliant article, internal rhetoric toward a history and theory of self-persuasion. There's actually a book later. She said that internal rhetoric occurs between one aspect of the self and another aspect of the self inside one's mind. She studied internal rhetoric by discussing how this concept developed along more traditional perceptions and conceptions of classical and modern rhetorical theory. Nienkamp demonstrated that we talk to ourselves all the time. We talk ourselves into things, into justifications, into actions, into developing certain kinds of opinions and theories about the world, about ourselves, and so on and so forth. And in this sense, our internal working models and our theories of mind about what makes other people tick, these are all forms of internal rhetoric. She said that we see ourselves as divided, as torn in different directions by conflicting desires, duties, and social mores. And yet, we don't feel fragmented, we feel continuous, we feel integrated, we feel in young's world, constellated. We're not split into discrete entities. No part of us is isolated. Everything inside us interrelates and interacts smoothly when we are healthy. Of course, this is not the case when we're mentally ill. It's not the case with narcissists, but it's the case with healthy people. And one of the reasons that we are able to maintain this self-deception or this delusion that we have a core identity, which is continuous and contiguous and non-fragmented and integrated, one of the main reasons is that we have the instrument or the tool of internal rhetoric. This constant exchange of views and information, this constant processing of arguments, this constant debate, this constant intercourse, if you wish, and it is as intimate as the other kind of intercourse, this creates the sensation of a core. A core, therefore, in Nincamp's terms, is language. At the very least, it is the outcome of language, but I think we could go further safely and say that it is language. Nincamp identified two major aspects of internal rhetoric, the conscious art of cultivated internal rhetoric and the unconscious nature of primary internal rhetoric. And this leads me to my first argument. Complexes, shadow, these are unwanted parts of ourselves. These are the parts of ourselves that we have rejected, that we have repressed, that we have suppressed, the parts that we like to call our dark sides. But suppressing something, repressing something, sweeping something under the proverbial ego carpet, this creates dissonance. It creates internal conflict. These voices insist on emerging. They have energy, pent-up energy, an observation made by Freud. And so this energy is very unsettling. It's like volcanic activity within the Earth's mantle. We have these forces inside us, sloshing and regurgitating and erupting from time to time and so on and so forth. Our complexes, our shadow, our dark side is in constant opposition and contradiction to our consciousness. The unconscious and the conscious are fighting. According to Nincamp, they're conducting a dialogue and one could get the impression that this dialogue is civil, obeys some rules of etiquette. But of course that's not the truth. This dialogue is oppressive, repressive. This dialogue is about subjugation, dominance and submission, who is on top, who is calling the shots, who is determining action, motivation, intention. And this is why Freud divided the psyche into ego, I mean, id, ego and superego. The ego and the superego, superego is a part of the ego. The ego is in charge of subduing the id, sublimating it, converting our desires and urges and drives, which are often socially unacceptable, into socially acceptable forms of action. But that is, that requires occupation, that requires subjugation, that requires enslavement of the id of that part in us, which is primitive and deserous and passionate. And that part of us that is primitive and infantile and knows no boundaries and no inhibitions and no limits and wants to have it all right now. No impulse control, recklessness, defiance. The ego is dead set against these qualities and traits of the id. And there's this inner battle taking place, day in and day out, second in and second out, every split second. And this battle, this war that's ongoing can never have a ceasefire or a truce. The ego is terrified of the id. The ego is convinced that if it were to, I don't know, go to sleep or go on a vacation, the id would destroy the individual. Of course, ego and id and all this is a metaphor. Now, if this is true, and according to Freud and others, it is true. If there is an ongoing, some paternal conflict between the ego and the id, this structure and that structure, the shadow, if you wish, and consciousness. If this is true, then we are getting mixed messages. The id, the shadow, call it what you will, is broadcasting one type of message. I want sex. I want sex now.  And the ego or consciousness is broadcasting another kind of message. You cannot have sex. You cannot have sex now.  The ego provides reality testing, but also suppresses or represses and every other kind of presses, the id, our drives, our urges, our passions, our primitive reptile, if you wish, predilections and proclivities. And there's this war. When you have two streams of messages, which conflict, which are mutually exclusive, which contradict each other, we call this double bind. The phrase double bind was first used by Gregory Bateson. Gregory Bateson is another example of a dominant figure in psychology who has had no education in psychology. Gregory Bateson was not a psychologist. He was an anthropologist, actually. Bateson and his colleagues, Jackson, Hailey, Weakland, they wrote an article in 1956. They discussed the complexity of communication when it comes to schizophrenia. And they coined the phrase double bind. What is a double bind? Double bind, simply put, is when you have two streams of signals or messages, usually emanating from the same source, which conflict, which contradicts each other. And yet, both messaging channels, both messages, call for action. Obviously, you cannot comply with both messages simultaneously, because the actions would annul each other, would negate each other. And this creates a bind, a double bind. You don't know what to do.  It creates a normal confusion. That's on the surface. And my innovation or suggestion is that inside us, our conscious and our unconscious are in a constant state of double bind, because they produce messages that are mutually exclusive, contradictory. And these messages create motivations and these motivations call for actions, but these actions are irreconcilable. They're incompatible. You can't follow both your ego and your id at the same time. You have to make a choice, and yet you're compelled to not make this choice, because the id and the ego are part of who you are. You don't want to deny any part of yourself. And this is a permanent double bind situation. According to Bateson and his colleagues, for a double bind to exist, we need to fulfill the following conditions. Number one, the situation involves two or more sources of injunction, sources of commands, sources of desires, sources of expectations, et cetera. Two or more sources. One of these sources is designated as the subject. The others are people who are considered the subject superiors, figures of authority, like parents, whom the subject respects. But I'm suggesting that there's a permanent double bind situation inside you, inside each and every person. And that would mean that we perceive ourselves as subjects and also as objects, which is something Freud has suggested in the early 1910s. We perceive ourselves as both voices inside our mind. I mentioned the id, the ego, but they're also introjects, all kinds of introjects. Voices inside our mind, the ego ideal, the super ego, these voices instruct us, not instruct in the sense of teachers, anything, but they tell us what to do. And their instructions are incompatible, mutually exclusive. So this creates a lot of confusion, because some of them, like the super ego and the ego ideal, and more generally the ego, they're perceived as figures of authority internally. They're highly respected and listened to and obeyed internally. So there's a mess. Now, the second condition for a double bind to exist is that it is a repeated experience, a recurrent theme in the experience of the subject. Not a single traumatic experience, but a long-standing situation. And that is, of course, the case with our internal rhetoric, with a constant fight between elements in our personality, in our psyche, the shadow fighting our consciousness, the unconscious fighting the conscious, the ego fighting the id, the super ego fighting everyone, the ego ideal directing us to become someone else, someone who we are not. So all these forces are in action, they make us feel objectified, or actually subjectified, they make us feel as if we are the object or the subject of these forces. And these forces never cease, they never take a break, they never go on a vacation, they're always there. And they keep spewing out injunctions, injunctions. Do this or you will be punished. Don't do this or you will be punished. This is the best thing to do. You should be like this. You ought to do this constantly. There's a constant stream of these injunctions. Now, I recommend that at this stage, you watch my video on IPAM, Intra-Psychic Activation Model, because it deals with these injunctions. The concept of punishment is not necessarily external. When we apply the idea of double bind to the internal realm, to the psychology of the individual, and to the various constructs in the psyche who are competing for dominance, then we realize that punishment could be external, but is often actually internal. Deca-thexis is a form of punishment, withdrawing emotional investment, which is often perceived as love. A bed-object is a form of punishment. It's a constellation of voices who attack, which attack the individual and inform the individual that he is bad, unworthy, unlovable, inadequate. That's a form of punishment, internal punishment. There's a lot of self-hatred, self-directed aggression, also known as depression. There's self-rejection, even self-loathing, even self-abandonment or self-neglect. And of course, all this leads to self-defeat and self-destruction. Double bind, when it is applied to the relationship or interactions between the shadow part, the unconscious, and the conscience with its ego, superego, and so on and so forth, leads inevitably to bed outcomes unless some mechanism of compromise and reconciliation can emerge. By the way, I just misled you, the ego and the superego are actually in the unconscious in Freud's work, but it's useful to pretend that they are conscious in order to delineate and distinguish and demarcate the shadow more clearly. So there are all kinds of injunctions flying in the air, within one's mind, you should do this, you shouldn't do this, you ought to do this, it's bad of you to have acted this way in so and so forth. There are primary injunctions, there are secondary injunctions, and there are secondary injunctions conflict with higher level injunctions. There are injunctions that apply to the whole space of the mind, and injunctions that apply to a specific action, injunctions that apply to a specific motivation, injunctions that apply to a specific time, for example, trying to anticipate the future, anticipatory injunctions. So there's a mayhem there, there's a tumult, it's huge noise inside, so you must do this, but only do it because you want to. Of course, that's an example of a double bind, either you must do it or you want to do it, usually they don't go together. So these injunctions create a lot of dissonance, anxiety, inner conflicts, and so on and so forth. Sometimes the solution is to invent injunctions which somehow try to put together lower level or higher level injunctions. But often the more injunctions, the higher the number of injunctions our constructs come up with, the more we are trapped in a dilemma. Because injunctions, for example, if you invent a new injunction unconsciously, this new injunction would usually create an alliance or coalition with one of the injunctions against the other. So this inner turmoil is never ending, this double bind situation. And this of course was the observation of both Freud and Jung. Now before I'm being accused of retro psychology, whatever, I regard Freud's models and Jung's models, I regard them as literature, as metaphors, which capture the human essence in a way that is undeniable. And that's why I use them, I don't believe there's such a thing as ego. I'm a physicist by training, we don't believe in such intangibles, at least this kind of intangible. But it's useful, these metaphors are useful. But one of the metaphors that's been often banded about by Jung is the complex. Complex is an emotionally charged group of ideas or images. So Jung believed that the personality is fragmented and yet the individual's ego consciousness is not aware of this fragmentation. In this sense, Jung comes very, very close to Philip Bromberg's work on self-states, to other scholars' work on sub-personalities or ego-states and so on and so forth. Jung conflicted with Freud, disagreed with Freud, in the sense that he did not regard the self or the individual as a smoothly operating machinery, albeit constructed of corks and nuts and bolts. Freud said, there is ego, there is super ego, there are many parts, moving parts, yeah, but they're all within a coherent, cohesive, functional machine, unless something goes wrong. And that is mental illness. Jung said, no, it's not true. To start with, we are all fragmented, even healthy people. We are all constructed of moving parts and these moving parts conflict and dialogue and create a lot of conundrums and paradoxes and internal absurdities and we spend a lifetime trying to reconcile these parts to each other in order to experience what he called ego consciousness or what we call today core identity. So Jung's notion of a complex rests on a refutation of the monolithic ideas of personality, individual, even self. We have many selves and Jung said, this is our experience also. We experience ourselves, not our self. And this is of course reflected in my work as well. I've adopted this view of what it is to be human. Complex is not an entirely autonomous entity within the psyche, but Jung said that complexes behave as if they were independent beings. He argued and I'm quoting, there is no difference in principle between a fragmentary personality and a complex. Complexes are splinter psyches. So to reiterate complexes are collections, compendium, encyclopedias of images and ideas organized by themes, thematically organized. These themes, these cores are known as archetypes in Jung's work. The complexes, these collections of images and ideas, they cluster around archetypal cores. The archetype is like a magnet and it attracts specific ideas and specific images, of course, relevant to the archetype. There's a common emotional tone, undertone, overtone, as you wish, common emotional hue, color to the archetype. When these ideas and images cluster around the archetype and become a complex, this process is known as constellation. Now complexes contribute to the determination of behaviors and in this sense, they have motivational and attitudinal elements, but they are much more marked by effect. They are much more emotional than cognitive. Even though we are not conscious of complexes, complexes are unconscious, they still bring with them emotions and some of these emotions surface. Either they surface pathologically and this used to be known as neurosis, or they surface in a healthy manner. Sometimes we have a feeling, we experience a feeling and we don't know where it came from. According to you, it comes from a complex and the archetype around which this complex revolves, the pivotal archetype. Archetypes, I described archetypes in other videos about Jung, which are available on this channel. You could have, there are many types of archetypes. I will discuss it momentarily. Suffice it to say that an archetype is a symbol. It symbolizes something.  They symbolize elements in human experience that are common to the entire species, which led Jung later to discuss what he called a collective unconscious. We're not going to it in this video. So when Freud discovered the idea of complexes, he was so excited, he wanted to change the name of his psychology from analytical psychology to complex psychology. He said the complex is the via radia, the royal way to the unconscious. It is the architect of dreams. According to Jung, dreams and other symbolic manifestations are closely related to complexes because complexes mediate between us and the archetypes. They're like bridges or as he said, the royal path, royal road. So Jung linked the personal and archetypal components of human experience. Without the concept of a complex that would be difficult to express, just how experience is built up. Psychological life would be in a series of unconnected incidents. It is the complex and the archetype associated with the complex that serve to organize life, experience. They are organizing principles of experience, both external experience, environmental and inner experience, internal experience. According to Jung, complexes also affect memory. Of course, memory is the glue and the fuel of identity. There's no identity without memory. Talk to any Alzheimer's patient and they will tell you this. They don't know who they are because they've lost their memories. So for example, the father complex holds within it an archetype of the father, a symbol of a father, not the father, not a specific father, but fatherness, the essence of being a father. That's the archetype. So the complex holds an archetypal image of the father, but also an aggregate of all the interactions with a specific father over time. So it's like you have a library and then there's a shelf labeled psychology and it's an empty shelf. But you know what is psychology. That's the archetype. So now you're able to put your own selection of specific books on this shelf. The complex and the archetype help you to organize your experience, your memories in a meaningful way. Your interactions with your father belong to the father archetype and its associated complex, ideas, emotions and so on. And this is known in other, in Kohut's work and other, this is known as Imago. Again, I will not go into it. So the father complex colors the recall, the memory of experiences of the actual father. And that's why without complexes and without archetypes there would be no identity because there would be no memory or at least not organized memory. Everything would be one huge chaos, the kaleidoscope, which is exactly the state of mind of the narcissist. The ego has an archetypal aspect in Jung's work. The beauty in Jung's work and I'm not underestimating some of his work before he went and migrated to La La Land. In Jung's work, the constructs of the mind, what Freud called ego and superego and eat, they're also archetypes. They're also complexes associated with archetypes. In other words, in Jung's internal landscape, in Jung's conception of the internal landscape, everything is what came to be known later as an internal object. Everything is an internal object. Your mother's voice is an interject, is an internal object. Your father's voice is an internal object. Some vaccinating voice of course is an internal object, but so is your ego. So is your id. So is your superego, which is part of the ego. So is everything inside your mind is an internal object. Internal object is just another name for a combination of archetype and complex. And so the ego in Freud's work is just another internal object in Jung's work and is known as ego complex. It's a complex associated with an archetype, the ego archetype. The personalized history, personal history of the individual, the development of consciousness and self-awareness and all this, which feed into the ego, create reality testing in other ego functions. They are just ways of interacting with one internal object of many. And that's the beauty of Jung. Jung opened the way to later object relations theories. If you put Jung and Adler together, you get the mother and father of object relations. Freud did discuss object relations of course. He was the first to describe them, but he came short. He didn't dare go there if you wish. The ego complex is in a relationship with other complexes. And this is the source of the conflict, because these complexes, which are associated with archetypes, they're often fighting, they're often conflictive. They often disagree with each other. They often try to overrule each other. They try to control each other. They try to subjugate each other. So there's constant dissonance. There's constant unrest. It's like civil unrest, civil war. And so if this civil war is not abated somehow, and there are various mechanisms within the mind and within the psyche, which reconcile the various complexes, allow the shadow to operate without endangering the consciousness and the conscious and so forth. But if this fails, for example, because the child was not allowed to develop, was not allowed to become an individual, in situations where the self has not been integrated and constellated, where the ego was unable to emerge fully, which leads to narcissism.  So we would have a personality that is controlled by a highly specific archetype and complex while all the others are relegated into the Netherlands of the shadow. Complex then overwhelms the ego. And this is known as psychosis, losing touch with reality. The ego is the interface with reality. When an internal complex associated with an archetype takes over the ego, subdues the ego, because there are no internal mechanisms for equilibrium and homeostasis. There's no self to control and organize all of them. The ego is compromised. In this situation, we have psychosis. And sometimes an ego would identify with a specific complex, specific archetype, and then we have what is called inflation or possession, not demon possession. Okay, I don't want to go too deep into all this, although it's amazingly fascinating, at least to me. Complexes are natural. You don't need to be afraid of complexes. They're totally natural phenomena. Everyone has a shadow. Everyone has complexes. Everyone is unconscious. Everyone is conscious. Call it whatever you will. Use any theory of school you wish in psychology. But we still have these elements. And they're natural. And they lead to development. And some of them are positive. And some of them are negative. Life is sometimes positive, sometimes negative. And they reflect life. These internal creations are resonant with life. They are created by they reflect life. And because life itself is, as I said, ambiguous, ambidextrous, if you wish, dual, duality, you would have negative complexes and positive complexes. You would have archetypes which are self-defeating and self-destructive and archetypes which are very helpful and so on and so forth. These are the ingredients of psychic life, even in healthy people. But we have healthy people, normal people. They have a hyper-structure. They have rulers. They have governors. They have organizing principles. They have strict codes. They have, for example, the self. They have the ego. They have these structures and which somehow introduce order and structure into the mayhem and the chaos that otherwise wouldn't ensue. The narcissist and, of course, other mentally ill people. They don't have this. They don't have this. So it's all in a very disorganized state. Indeed, narcissistic personalities are considered to be disorganized or chaotic personalities. There's no organizational structure or order or pattern or anything there. Things happen because they happen. It's very reactive and very impulsive and very crazy-making and very, you know, mind-boggling in many ways. The ego's role is to establish viable relationships with complexes. And when the ego does this, the self-emergence, the self-emergence, personality is discernible and it's usually rich and flexible. Of course, nothing is cast in stone. We change all the time. I keep saying we are rivers. We are not ponds.  The only fixed thing, the only utterly predictable thing is change. So these patterns of internal relationships, this internal rhetoric, this internal speech is constantly changing in a desperate attempt sometimes to resolve double binds. This dialogue that I just described, these relationships, they keep generating double binds. They keep generating contradictory messaging, contradictory signaling, contradictory injunctions. And the attempt to resolve these is what we call personality or self. We are natural born peacemakers and mediators. So as our perception of the world and of others shifts, our inner world transforms, reacts, remolds and becomes something else. This is the power of internal malleability and flexibility known in neuroscience as neuroplasticity probably. So we are ever shifting. We are in flux. We are beautiful creatures because we don't really have rigid boundaries. Indeed, in many textbooks, including in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual and the ICD, personality disorders are defined as rigid patterns. It is the lack of rigidity that signifies mental health. It is flexibility that indicates mental or psychological functioning. Now Freud adopted the idea of complexes. Here he regarded complexes as proof of his concept or is actually borrowed concept between you and me of the unconscious because Jung conducted physical experiments. He used galvanometers. Don't ask. He tried to link the idea of complexes to bodily reactions. So he created a biology of the shadow. And Freud was very happy with it because Freud was a neurologist, of course. He never studied psychology. So he was very happy with it because he thought that complexes are the biological manifestations and translations of the unconscious. Now, all these are rarely used today as therapeutic instruments. But the descendants, the philosophical and conceptual descendants of complexes and shadow and unconscious and conscious can be found in literally every therapy I'm aware of, especially, for example, transactional analysis, gestalt. In these therapeutic theories, the patient's psychology is divided, some divided, and there's a dialogue between relatively autonomous parts in the patient, inside the patient.  He was a psychotic. Atwood, Stonorow, 1979. Goldberg in 1980 said that Jung viewed the individual as a collective, collective noun.  So complexes lead to personifications, to the creation of sub-personalities, sub-ego states, sub-something, self-states in my work, Philip Robber's work. And each of these personalities is distinct because the ideas, the memories, the emotions of each sub-personality, each self-state, are unique to that self-state. They're not shared usually with other self-states. And this is complex. This is the complex. And it's in Jung's work, although not in Bromberg's or not in my work and so on, but in Jung's work it's associated with archetypes. The emotional events of early life become fixed and operative in adulthood through complexes. You could conceive of complexes and their associated archetypes as repositories, containers, splinter psyches. And so we, it seems we have dispensed with the idea of a unitary self long, long time ago when we introduced the complex and emotionally charged group of ideas and images. An image of a certain psychic situation which is strongly accentuated emotionally that is incompatible with the habitual attitudes of consciousness. I would like to read to you a few quotes. Jung, the via reggae, the royal way to the unconscious is not the dream as Freud thought, but the complex which is the architect of dreams and of symptoms. Nor is this via this road so very royal either, since the way pointed out by the complex is more like a rough and uncommonly devious footpath. Complexes are feeling toned ideas that over the years accumulate around certain archetypes for instance mother and father. When complexes are constellated, they're invariably accompanied by effect. They're always relatively autonomous. Complexes interfere with the intentions of the will and disturb the conscious performance. They produce disturbances of memory and blockages in the flow of associations. They appear and disappear according to their own laws. They can temporarily obsess consciousness or influence speech and action in an unconscious way.  Complexes are in fact splinter psyches. The etiology of their origin is frequently a so-called trauma and emotional shock or some such thing that splits off a bit of the psyche. Certainly one of the commonest causes is immoral conflict which ultimately derives from the apparent impossibility of affirming the whole of one's nature. By the way, here I must interject and add that in my work, the first time the child realizes that he is not mommy, that he is separate from mother, he is a major trauma. And so self-hood itself is a trauma in my work. Through the mother's gaze, the child drifts away from mommy, realizes that he is not one with mommy, that the symbiosis has been illusory and self-disceptive.  And so in my work, the emergence of the self and self structures such as complexes is highly traumatic, is grounded in trauma. Back to Jung. Everyone knows nowadays that people have complexes. What is not so well known, though far more important theoretically, is that complexes can have us. Jung stressed that complexes are not negative, only their effects sometimes are. In the same way that atoms and molecules are the invisible components of physical objects, complexes are the building blocks of the psyche and the source of all human emotions. Complexes are focal or noddle points of psychic life, which we would not wish to do without. Indeed, they should not be missing, for otherwise psychic activity would come to a fatal standstill. Complexes obviously represent a kind of inferiority in the broadest sense. But to have complexes does not necessarily indicate inferiority. It only means that something discordant, unassimilated and antagonistic exist, perhaps as an obstacle, but also as an incentive to greater effort, and so perhaps to new possibilities of achievement. Some degree of one-sidedness is unavoidable. In the same measure, complexes are unavoidable too. The negative effect of a complex is commonly experienced as a distortion in one or other of the psychological functions, feelings, thinking, intuition and sensation. In place of sound judgment and an appropriate feeling response, for instance, one reacts according to what the complex dictates. As long as one is unconscious of the complexes, one is liable to be driven by them. And that's of course a great encapsulation of narcissism, which involves cognitive distortions, such as grandiosity, and unconscious motivations which lead to very bizarre actions. Jung continues, the possession of complexes does not in itself signify neurosis, and the fact that they are painful is not proof of pathological disturbance. Suffering is not an illness. It is a normal counterpoll to happiness. A complex becomes pathological only when we think we have not got it. Identification with a complex, particularly the animus and the shadow, is a frequent source of neurosis. The aim of analysis in such cases is not to get rid of the complexes, as if they were possible, but to minimize their negative effects by understanding the part they play in behavior patterns and emotional reactions. You notice, of course, that the shadow is an archetype in Jung's work. Jung continues, a complex can be really overcome only if it is lived out to the full. In other words, if we are to develop further, we have to draw to us and drink down to the very dregs what, because of our complexes, we have held at a distance. Okay, so this is a general overview of shadow, complexes, and so on. To summarize, I propose that the various constructs, the various structures of the psyche are in a state of constant dialogue. I propose that this dialogue leads to a double-bind situation, time and again. I propose that complexes associated with archetypes, one of whom, one of which is the shadow and so on, so forth, are the organizing principles around which this dialogue takes place. I'm therefore translating Jung's work into linguistics, in linguistic terms, getting much closer to Lacan's and the philosophical side, Wittgenstein's work. And this is the introduction. In the next video, I'm going to provide a catalogue or an overview of specific complexes. Have fun.


CHAPTER 25 THE POPPER AND THE OLD-AGE PENCHAN On January 1st, the receipt of poor law relief ceases to be a disqualification for old-age pensions. And some interesting statistics have been compiled by The Daily Mail, which show that only about 17% of all people in the workhouses are applying for their five shillings per week. These are the figures for England and Wales. In the metropolitan area where rents are high and the smallest room cannot be had under two shillings, or half a crown a week, the proportion will be lower still. At first sight these figures are very disappointing and it seems to some of us who have counted so much on this reform, as if we cannot escape from the evils of the workhouse system. But a little thought will show how impossible it is for this generation of old folk to take advantage of the change. The wished-for has come too late.  They have neither bag nor baggage, bed nor clothing. They are like snails with broken shells. There is no protection against the rude world, and once having made the sacrifice, few people over seventy have the pluck to start life afresh. It is hardly worthwhile. For them the bitterness of death is past. A committee of our board has held three special sessions for the purpose of interviewing these old people, and the answer has come with varying monotony. No thank you. Five shillings would be no good to me. I have nowhere to go. Some have sons and daughters, but heavy families and crowded rooms dry up filial piety. There is no place for the aged father or mother in our rack-rented city, and the old people accept their fate with the quiet philosophy of the poor. The long string of human wreckage files past us, some bowed and bent with the weight of years, others upright and active, some with the hoary heads of the traditional prophets, others black-haired and keen-eyed still, for the high living of the work-house, as is often remarked, preserves youth in a miraculous way. Some are crippled and half-blind, others suffer with deafness, an ailment of poverty, which very naturally grows worse under inquisitive questioning, and nearly all have rheumatism. Akuret once told me that he was summoned to a sick parishioner who was troubled in mind and wanted to make his peace with heaven, but the only sin he could remember was the rheumatics. The disease seems to be a national sin. One hears the country accents of the United Kingdom, the Burr of Northumbria, the correct English of East Anglia, the rough homeliness of Yorkshire and the Midlands, the soft accents of Devonshire and the West, the precision of the foreign English of the Welsh Mountains, the pleasant ring of the Scottish tongue, the brogue of Old Ireland, few seam Londoners. Take any group of people and see how few of her children London seems to bring to maturity. It is our last meeting today, and we go to visit those who cannot attend, the sick and bed-ridden and the infirmary, a mere form. For these are vassals which will sail no more, sea-battered, half derelict, nearing port, and for them the dawn will break in the New Jerusalem. Some are palsied and paralyzed and half-senile, but now and again keen old eyes look at us from the whiteness of the rate-payer sheets and regret they are too old to apply. Very ancient folk live in these wards, and their birthdays go back to the tens and twenties of last century, one old lady being born in the historic year of 1815. An old man jealous of her greater glory says he is one hundred and nine. What our register of age gives a comparatively recent date of 1830. Few of them seem to have any friends or visitors. Children are dead, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren have forgotten them, but they do not complain. Age mercifully deadens the faculties.  I am quite alone, lady. I have no friends but you and the Almighty God. We have interviewed a hundred and three, and only eleven have applied for the pension, the wished for. As I have said, has come too late, but another generation will be saved from the house, and will be able to die outside. So often the last wish of the aged. The merciful alteration of the law will save this generation of outdoor poor. Old people in the late sixties have no longer been dying of starvation in the terror of losing the pension through accepting poor relief, and the greater independence of the state pensioner is heartening many. On the imperial taxes said an old gentleman, with a somewhat low standard of cleanliness. I can be as dirty as ever I like. Footnote Act Amended, 1911 End of Chapter 25, Recording by John Brandon Chapter 26 of Workhouse Characters This is a LibriVox Recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org Recording by John Brandon Workhouse Characters by Margaret Nevenson Chapter 26 The Evacuation of the Workhouse 1915 The Workhouse is being evacuated. The whole premises, infirmary and house, have been taken over by the War Office as a military hospital. After weeks of waiting, final orders have come. And today, motor omnibuses and ambulances are carrying off the inmates to a neighboring parish. One feels how widespread and far-reaching are the sufferings caused by war. And in spite of this bright May sunshine, one realizes that the whole earth is full of darkness and cruel habitations. The white blossoms of the spring seem like funeral flowers and the red tulips glow like a field of blood. It never occurred to me before that anyone could have any feeling except repugnance towards the Workhouse. But someone, I think it was the prisoner of chilling, grew attached to this prison, and evidently it is the same with these old folk. Old faces work painfully. Tears stand in bright old eyes, knotted old fingers, clutch ours in farewell, and some of the old women break down utterly and sub-viterally. On the journey some of them lose all sense of control, take off their bonnets and let down their hair, obeying a human instinct of despair, which scholars will remember dates back to the Siege of Troy. It's all the home I've known for twenty years and I'll be right sorry to go, says an aged man, as he shakes my hand. Folks live long in the Workhouse and seventy and eighty years are regarded as comparative youth by the older people of ninety and upwards. To the aged any change is upheaval. They have got used to their bed, their particular chair, their daily routine, and to have to leave the accustomed. Looms in the light of a perilous adventure. Perhaps heaviest of all is the sense of exile. It is a long walk to the adjoining parish, and bus fares will be hard to spare with bread at nine pence a quarter. I've been on the danger list and my son came every day to see me, says one old lady, but he won't be able to get so far now. Alarming rumors are being spread by a pessimist much-traveled in vagrant wards, but they are speedily contradicted by an optimist, also an expert in poor law both in theory and practice. We try to cheer them, but our comfort is not wholehearted. We can guess how the chafing of the unaccustomed, the new discipline, the crowds of unfamiliar faces will jar upon the aged. We try to impress upon them the joy of self-sacrifice, the needs of our wounded soldiers, the patriotic pride in giving up something for them. Oh yes, they know all that. The guardians had been and talked to them. Just like a meeting, they understand about the soldiers. They want to do their best for them, but it is hard. The workhouse is nothing if not military in its traditions. Heroes of South Africa, of Veliklava, and the Crimea have found asylum in the whitewashed wards. Many of the present inmates have been soldiers, and are few who have not some relatives, grandsons and great-grandsons, fighting in the trenches. One of the oldest of the grannies, aged 93, went off smiling, proud, as she said to do her bit. The sake of being brought down now into the ambulances, the physical, the paralytic, the bedridden, blinking in the sunlight from their mattress tomb, one poorer woman stricken with blindness and deafness, who in spite of nervousness looks forward to her first motor drive. These are less troubled, they are younger, and the sick hope ever for a quick cure, and the majority are only in for temporary illness. Then come the babies, astonishingly smart and well-dressed, including the youngest inmate, aged but eight days. The costumes are odd and eccentric, and in spite of misery a good deal of good-tempered chafe flies round. All inmates are to leave in their own clothes, and strange garments have been brought to the light of day. Whilst much concern is expressed about excellent coats and skirts moth-eaten, or mislaid in the course of 25 years, the storage of the workhouse often suffers strain, and the wholesome practice of stoving all clothes does not improve the colors nor contribute to the preservation of what modest call la ligne. Fortunately, all fashions come round again, and we try to assure the women that the voluminous skirts and high collars of last century are la Dernier Cree in Bond Street. But it is difficult for one woman to deceive another over the question of fashion. For twelve hours the buses and ambulances have plied backwards and forwards, and now the last load home has started, and tired nurses and harassed officials waive their last goodbye. Thankful, the long day has come at length to an end. In a few days other loads will arrive. All young these and all soldiers. Many of them, perhaps as the advertisements say, belonging to the nobility and gentry. The workhouse has ceased to be. From today it will be no longer rate-supported. The nurses and the whole staff draw rations and are in the pay and service of the war office. As soon as possible guilt letters will announce it as a military hospital. On the table before me lies a copy of the local paper, and I read with surprise the thanks of a public body. For our offer to give up the workhouse as a military hospital, and expressing appreciation of the patriotic action of the guardians in the matter. In my opinion we made no offer. We merely obeyed a command, and the people who did a patriotic action were those who turned out of their home, such as it was, but in this world credit is given where it is not due. And thanks are bestowed on the wrong people. We reap where we have not sown, and gather where we have not strawed.