In 1975, a remarkable case was reported of a 42-year-old man suffering from a malignant form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who experienced a dramatic regression of the cancer after being given large doses of vitamin C intravenously. He seemed cured, so they stopped the vitamin C, and the cancer came surging back, so they restarted the vitamin C, apparently inducing a complete second remission. Now, sometimes cancer does just spontaneously regress. It's rare, but not unheard of. So one could argue that the first remission was spontaneous, and it was just a coincidence that it happened just when they started the vitamin C. But given the trajectory the cancer was on, followed by rapid remission, followed by the relapse when the vitamin C was stopped, followed by a second remission, once restarted, it does strongly suggest the vitamin C had something to do with it. Now, multiple spontaneous regressions do exist. There was a recent case, for example, of a woman with cervical cancer, apparently cured with radiation and chemo, but when the cancer came back, she refused further treatment. Yet the tumors disappeared on their own, and then came back, and then disappeared, then came back, then disappeared, then came back, then disappeared for a fourth spontaneous remission. And that was with no apparent treatment at all. So it's possible this vitamin C case is just a crazy coincidence flu, and the vitamin C didn't help at all. You never know, and do you put it to the test? So these researchers enlisted the help of Linus Pauling, considered the greatest chemist of the 20th century, who was known to be interested in vitamin C. If he couldn't get funding, nobody could get funding, and he couldn't get funding. They went to the National Cancer Institute with promising data on the first 40 cancer patients they treated with vitamin C, and asked that they carry out a randomized, double-blind trial, meaning take a group of incurable cancer patients, for which we have nothing more to offer, randomly split them into two groups, and infuse one group with vitamin C, and the other with something just like saline, basically water, and see who lives longest. Neither the patient nor the doctors would know who got which to eliminate bias and placebo effects, and they went back year after year after year, asking for grants to study it themselves if the National Cancer Institute wasn't going to do it, and they got rejected year after year after year. So they scraped up whatever funds they could find, and did their best with what they had, and published their famous findings in 1976. So they didn't have a controlled trial, but by that point they had treated a hundred terminal cancer patients with vitamin C, and so they compared their progress to that of 1,000 similar patients who did not get vitamin C. For each patient treated with vitamin C, they found 10 patients about the same age, with the same kind of cancer, that had been treated at the same hospital, but without the vitamin C infusions. This is what they found. Let's look at breast cancer, for example. Here's the survival curve for terminal breast cancer. Remember, these were all terminal cancer patients. As you can see, in the control group, more than 100 days, more than 80% of the women were dead. But in the vitamin C group, half were still alive nearly a year later.  The control groups for all the different cancers did predictably bad, with the vast majority dead within 1 to 200 days, while the vitamin C-treated patients appeared to do substantially better. All in all, the average survival time was 4 times as great for the vitamin C subjects, more than 200 days, compared to only 50 days for the controls. The results they conclude clearly indicate that this simple and safe form of medication is of definite value in the treatment of patients with advanced cancer. So that was 1976. What happened? Critics understandably attacked the study for using these kind of after-the-fact controls. I mean, you could see how this could introduce bias. I mean, if you consciously or unconsciously chose control group patients who were sicker than your treatment group patients, they would die sooner than your patients. What do I have nothing to do with the treatment? The control group folks would just have started out in a worse place. And indeed, there's evidence that that's what happened. I mean, a full 20% of the control group died within a few days after being declared terminal, compared to none in the treatment group, which really does sound fishy. But the trial was successful and finally convincing. The National Cancer Institute to fund randomized control trials performed by the prestigious Mayo Clinic no less. What did they find? We'll find out next.


All right, hello, everyone. Welcome to my talk at Communities on Edge Day. The title of my talk is Managing Web Assembly Applications with Kubernetes. So today, we'll be covering a lot about why talk about Web Assembly and how it's the future of its computing and why it's really necessary for its computing and how you can manage that with the help of communities since we are having Kubernetes today very well integrated on Edge devices as well. Very quick introduction to myself. I'm Shivalamba. I'm a developer advocate at Millisearch. It's an open-source Rust-based search engine. And I'm also contributed at Layer 5. Layer 5 is the service-meshed community that runs a lot of different open-source foregrounds that are currently incubated in the CNCF landscape. And I'm also an evangelist for Wasm Edge project, which I'll be talking about a lot more about today. And if you want to connect with me, you can connect me on Twitter. But yeah, let's get started. First of all, just a very quick rundown on what we are going to be covering. So in the outline, as you can see, that we are going to be covering what is the Web Assembly. We'll be talking about the Wasm Edge project. We'll be talking about why the Kubernetes community actually needs Wasm Edge. And then we're also going to be covering what is one of the limitations that comes with Web Assembly and how we can overcome that using Kubernetes. And then you're also going to be looking at some examples where we are going to be seeing how you can actually run WebAssembly applications on Kubernetes. And then, yeah, what's next, what things are for the future for running WebAssembly applications with Kubernetes. Well, so first of all, just a very quick recap of what exactly is WebAssembly, right? So you can just think of WebAssembly as a binary instruction format. Essentially, it's a format that is primarily devised a long time back as a method to actually run alongside in the web browser. Because we know that with JavaScript, there are a lot of performance limitations that actually comes if we want to run, let's say, some kind of really high end applications, such as video editing on web browsers. Using JavaScript can be having a lot of limitations. So that is why WebAssembly was born. And the main idea was to be able to actually use languages such as C, C++, and create bite-sized executables that could actually run on the browser with the help of this binary instruction format that is WebAssembly. And that allowed for very, very highly intensive and highly computational applications to actually be run directly in the browser with the help of WebAssembly. So you could actually run these C or C++ compiled programs and run them directly in the browser. But today, WebAssembly has grown and matured and is now no longer just part of the browser. In fact, the application that we have today with WebAssembly is just a very small part of within the browser. It has moved outside the browser. It has covered server, serverless, and today, of course, with its computation as well. And that's why we're going to be talking today a lot more about how WebAssembly is revolutionizing edge, because when it comes to edge, we are seeing a lot of edge applications in machine learning and even in Web3 and blockchain running dapper or server-side applications. So that's why today WebAssembly has grown a lot more in popularity. And also, it has moved outside the web to support a lot of server-side applications as well. And now, we also have actually support for a lot of different other scripting languages, like Python, Rust. And you can actually compile all these different languages and to be actually executed using WebAssembly. Well, then I'd like to officially introduce the Wasmets project. The Wasmets project is an open-source project that was currently, it was recently incubated on the Cloud Native Computing Foundation. And essentially, it's a lightweight runtime for WebAssembly. And it is mainly used for cloud native edge applications. And let's talk about some of the features of the Wasmets project. Well, it is one of the fastest WebAssembly virtual machines because it uses ahead-of-time compilation as compared to any other types of WebAssembly runtimes that are there. And it supports out-of-the-box interfaces, especially with machine learning. There's a very popular TensorFlow interface that comes directly with Wasmets. So you can definitely try it out if you are trying to run machine learning applications on edge-based devices. And it also comes with support for a lot of different scripting languages, like JavaScript, Python, as well. And it is also, say, compliant. That means you can use it with any kind of container applications, and it supports all of the different policies that are there. But yeah, before we move on to the next part, I'll definitely recommend checking this particular Wasmets project. Of course, I mean, it's a relatively new project right now. So if you are curious and if you are interested in WebAssembly, it's a really good platform to be at. It's still a very small community that is there. We have weekly, monthly meetings and working group meetings for the Wasmets project. And of course, there is a lot of scope. So you can also join the Slack channel for WebAssembly. But yeah, moving towards why does the Kubernetes community actually need Wasmets, right? Why are we just talking about Kubernetes on this platform for Kubernetes on edge? Why does it actually need Wasmets? So one of the biggest important reasons is that today, edge competition, of course, we are talking about edge today, has increased quite considerably. But if we talk about the standard containers, right, these are usually the Linux-based containers. These occupy a lot of space. And they, of course, with edge competition, you are restricted in terms of how much space and how much computation that you might have. And of course, in a lot of times, you require your runtime to be very quick, right? The containers have to span up very quickly, especially when we are dealing with edge-based devices. And that's where WebAssembly actually comes into the picture and has immediate benefits as compared to the standard Docker or Linux-based runtimes that we have. Because they occupy only 1% of the tool space. And there are much more quicker in terms of setting up and very easily quickly to set up and run them. So that is why Wasm or WebAssembly is a really great choice for the Kubernetes ecosystem, especially if you are trying to set up some containers for your edge applications. But of course, there are some pain points when it comes to WebAssembly. One of the biggest ones that we have is that it requires its own set of tool chains, SDKs. And that, of course, makes it a little bit more difficult to actually set up, especially if you have already a very well-set up infrastructure for your Linux-based containers. But the good part is that you can actually run both your standard Docker or your normal Linux-based containers side-by-side with WebAssembly containers as well. And that's what we are going to be seeing how this entire infrastructure sort of looks like on the upper way. But yes, I mean, developers can actually use a lot of different container tools like Kubernetes, Docker, to actually deploy WebAssembly applications. Because we have support for basically for deployment of these WebAssembly runtime applications with any of these different platforms like Docker or Kubernetes. So of course, the question is, how do we achieve this?  So here, what you can see is the entire container ecosystem. So we have our higher-level runtimes. We have our lower-level runtimes. And of course, we have the entire Kubernetes stack that you can see. And of course, the goal is that if we can actually load both your Linux container images and WebAssembly images both together inside just one single application. So what you're seeing over here are some of the highlighted ways. So for example, if you want to implement Kubernetes and to basically help manage these WebAssembly applications, you could either use Cryo, or you could use ContainerD, or you can even use Docker as well to help run these applications. And for example, we know about different types of low-level OCI compliant runtimes like C-Run. So the reason why C-Run is chosen, it's a very lightweight C-based runtime. So basically, we built an integration on top of C-Run by the name of C-Run W, which is mainly for running C-Run with WebAssembly. So that is why you get a lot of different options based on this Kubernetes stack. You can use any type of communities platform either. If you have a larger setup, you could use standard communities. Or if you have a lighter set, you could use K3D, K3S, smaller communities as well. So essentially, what this particular entire ecosystem is demonstrating is that as we talk about our standard Kubernetes deployment, when we are talking about the different type of container runtimes, typically that involves just Linux containers. But instead, what now you can do is that in order to overcome the limitations that are put forward by running WebAssembly, which requires a certain set of tool chains, you can actually run it in compliance with the existing Linux containers. And that overcomes the issues that are there in actually deploying the standard variation of WebAssembly. So that is why this entire ecosystem that we are looking at is really amazing. And it's very easy to actually set up and run WebAssembly applications by including this as part of this entire ecosystem. And then I'd like to sort of now cover a bit more about how you can actually go ahead and start. There are, of course, some prerequisites. For example, you'll have to install Rust. You'll have to install communities. But apart from that, you will also need to require some of the other different tools, including Cryo, which is a high-level container runtime that pulls a lot of different images from things like Docker Hub. You need Wasmets. So you can install Wasmets very easily by going to github.com slash Wasmets slash Wasmets. And it's very easy to set up. Of course, I mean, if you have a Linux system, it will be the easiest. And of course, you need communities as well. So once you have actually installed all of these different things, we'll just cover some of the different steps in which you can very easily set up and actually run a Wasi image application inside of your community support. So the first thing is like you can just follow these set of commands. And at the end, I'll also just share some links. I've already done that over here in this slide. You can just follow some of these steps in the documentation to very easily set up communities Wasmets on site in your system. But yeah, the first step would be to actually go ahead and start communities. Of course, this particular example showcases running communities in your local development environment. But if you have a hosted instance of communities, you can also do that. So just run these commands. And then of course, once you run these particular commands, your community's local cluster will set up and it will run. And then the next thing is to start the actual cluster. So once you follow these particular steps where you provide your community's provider, and then we basically are going ahead and running all these different commands to essentially allow for the WebAssembly applications to start running in communities as pods. And once we are able to accomplish that, basically we have a very simple to use GitHub project, open source project, where essentially we have created our Docker image. So you can pull that as a container image from Docker Hub and we'll run that inside our community's cluster. And what you see is the end result is that we have successfully actually run the WebAssembly application. It's a simple Wasly demo. And that has successfully run inside of our community's cluster. Because normally, if you were to actually run these WebAssembly application, of course, there are different other runtimes where you can support them. But it's super simple with just at max, like, in half an hour or one hour, to set up and start running your WebAssembly application on inside of your community's cluster. Similarly, you can also use this for doing machine learning in France as well. Of course, what you're essentially doing with the Wasm Edge WebAssembly interface is that you're offloading all of your machine learning tasks into your WebAssembly application. So you'll have, basically, let's say, a Rust function that takes into account all the different inferences that you can do with machine learning. And you can also set up that entire infrastructure directly inside of your community's cluster. Similarly, if you're running some side cars inside of on-y proxy, you can also very easily set that up and put that inside your community's cluster. Of course, the one, the implementation that we covered, covers the Wasm Edge project. But outside of the Wasm Edge project, there are other different ways in which you can also run WebAssembly applications using Kubernetes. So one of the projects is Crustlet. It's a Rust-based runtime that allows for running WebAssembly workloads in a Kubernetes cluster. So you can also check this out as well. It has a very good support and really great developer documentation as you speak. And this is also a good way of actually running your WebAssembly workloads inside of a Kubernetes cluster. And then, of course, these are some of these resources you can have look at. There are dedicated working groups today for WebAssembly. You can join those. Of course, the Wasm Edge project has its own working group today. And you can also look at some of these other links, specifically for Crustlet as well. And for example, let's say, if you want to get a little more context into the world of WebAssembly, there is also Wasi. And of course, if you are interested a lot more inside of how Wasm Edge actually works, there are a lot of different talks that are already there. One of the co-founders of Second State, Michael Yuan, had also given a talk yesterday for the cloud native Wasm Edge. So if you are also generally interested in the ecosystem of cloud native and how WebAssembly is interacting with it, yesterday there was the co-located event for the cloud native Wasm day. So of course, a lot of the activities, especially for the Wasm Edge project, are going on inside of that particular conference co-located event as well. But of course, today we are now also starting to see a lot of different companies using different types of communities platforms like K3D, K3S to also start using Wasm Edge inside of their workloads. So it's definitely a very new field as well in terms of how WebAssembly is being used in its computation. And yeah, with that, that sort of concludes my talk. But of course, what I'd like to conclude is that WebAssembly is the future for serverless and for Edge. And communities is a very great way to be able to actually manage these applications that if you have a WebAssembly-based application. Yeah, if you have any other questions, feel free to ask. Otherwise, thank you so much for attending today's talk. So I've got a question, too. I understand that there are ways to run WebAssemblies on very small systems, like maybe systems that don't even run Linux. Could you tell us about that and what's available? So the question is mainly specific about... Could you repeat the question once? Oh, I'd like to hear more about running WebAssemblies on very low resource systems, like systems that maybe are so small that they can't even run Linux. Something like an Arduino, for example, that has minimal or no OS. Yeah, so that's a really good question, first of all. Of course, right? We have seen that if you're running Arduino, if you have an Arduino or, like, let's say, you have a Jetson Nano, right? Nvidia Jetson Nano. So those are completely capable of running, like, let's say, machine learning in France. And we usually talk about how machine learning on Edge today is becoming very popular. So if you're talking about actually running these highly computational, like, you know, competitions, for example, with machine learning, the way in which you'll actually run them is that you'll have a deployed source of Wasm Edge that enables you to provide an environment and how this sort of work is that, like, let's say you have a Python-based implementation or you have a JavaScript implementation for your, like, machine learning, let's say. So you'll be offloading your main inference for machine learning, or in this case, it could be any other different type of application to your Rust-based function, because Rust is a lot more smaller footprint and it also is a lot more highly computational. So you'll basically have your Rust act as a way of being able to implement all the highly computational functions and this will run inside of the Wasm container. And Wasm container is a lot more smaller as compared to a, like, let's say, Linux-based container. And the other benefit is also that WebAssembly provides a lot more secure environment. It's a lot more secure. So essentially, this is the way in which you'll architect your program to run on a very less resource-intensive, like hardware-limited system, like, let's say, an Arduino. So you can deploy your Wasm Edge instance on that and then offload all of your different high-competition tasks to, like, let's say, Rust, and then run them. I hope that answers the question. That's good. Thank you. Anybody else got questions? We have a few minutes before the next speaker is due to come on. Maybe I'll come up with another one then. Do you have any recommended platforms? Because I think for a lot of us, we're used to Docker at this point, but WebAssembly is kind of new. So what would you recommend the steps be if I just want to play around with it on my laptop or something, or would you recommend using a Pi instead, or how would you go about that? Yeah, that's a really good question. So for me, how I started off was actually, I was working with TensorFlow.js, and there you have an ability to basically have Wasm or WebAssembly as a backend. So the way I got started with Wasm was simply just, first of all, understanding how Wasm actually works in the web, because that's one of the easiest way to get started, because there's a lot of wide developer support specifically for using Wasm on the web browser. How basically you are converting your, like, let's say, C++ function into a Wasm executable. So generally, that's the process that I'll recommend to everyone to just create a simple C++ program, compile that into a Wasm executable, and then actually execute that. So because that is generally the starting point in which how you can get started to basically convert any of your existing C++ code, Rust code, and compile that into a Wasm executable and implement that instead of your program. So that's definitely one of the good ways. And then once you have gotten a hang of how the Wasm executable looks like, then you can start implementing other things as well. Hello, thank you very much for your talk. Are there any kinds of constraints in terms of the complexity of application that you might want to run in WebAssembly? Yeah, so of course, that's first of all a very good question in terms of like, let's say you have a lot of different applications running. And of course, today, when you talk about any kind of a microservices-based architecture, there can be a lot of different services that are running instead of an application. So of course, the way where we sort of see right now WebAssembly and specifically you talk about on the edge is that it's very well suited for simpler applications which might not have a number of different services interdependent on each other. So that's definitely true that scope of WebAssembly in Kubernetes is improving. And of course, so far, what we have seen is simple applications that do not have a lot of different services. But the way we can architect more number of services to actually run together instead of a WebAssembly application, that's something that we're still exploring. Is there something, some distribution of Kubernetes that's really easy to get started? Or do you have to install every component of Kubernetes on your own, like in a Raspberry Pi or something? Yeah, so basically, I'll recommend two things. So of course, the standard communities itself is relatively simple.  So I'll definitely recommend using those. You talked about packaging these in OCI containers. Is the process for building these as capable as it is with Docker where there's mechanisms? You can just use the standard mechanisms for signing these things and moving them around in conventional container image registries? Yeah, definitely. That's possible. We've got still seven minutes before the next one, if anybody else has questions. OK, thank you. Thank you.


Tag questions. Tag questions are used when seeking confirmation of what one believes to be true. They restate, in question form, the previously spoken sentence. For example, he is an engineer, isn't he? Positive statement, negative tag. They're not from Colorado, are they? Negative statement, positive tag. Zack is really tired, isn't he? Positive statement, negative tag. She is going to Taiwan, isn't she? Positive statement, negative tag. You have never been to Las Vegas, have you? Negative statement, positive tag. The Rays are playing the Jays, aren't they? Positive statement, negative tag. You went to the supermarket, didn't you? Positive statement, negative tag. Zane doesn't live in Missouri, does he? Negative statement, positive tag. Ms. Zeller has a new card, doesn't she? Positive statement, negative tag. In tag questions, the corresponding pronoun and the first verb of the corresponding yes no question are used. Also, notice that with positive statements, negative tag questions are used and vice versa. Common mistakes. Some modals can be used in tag questions. Can, will, would, could, should, and must. Mr. James will be at the ceremony, won't he? They couldn't do it, could they? Note, when the subject is I and the statement is in present tense, aren't is commonly used for tag questions. I'm the winner, aren't I? Common usage. I'm the winner, am I not? Formal.


Play fake Watson rolling to his right being chased by key Al Shire will get there and take him down for a loss That's a great play by Al Shire tracking that quarterback down who's still got some wheels that can move That was a great play by Al Shire as these you were brought here to do a lot of different things on defense on the field But you were also brought here to be kind of a leader and a mentor to a lot of guys in the locker room Is that a role that you really embraced and made coming to the Titans a little bit more appealing? Maybe 100% like for me coming into the league I had guys that I was able to you know kind of lean on and look up to always just try to kind of You know pay it forward. So regardless of who I'm around what position group it is like just try to you know Give that that wisdom that I know and I've learned, you know to whoever is around me So I guess definitely a part of why I came here with just the opportunity to kind of just be myself and kind of Take on a bigger role But yeah, it's kind of always who I've been throughout your life. I'm sure you've had a lot of mentors Who are some of those people my mother? Just how she attacked every single day, you know being homeless going through the things we went through having to raise eight kids I think she she would never see like her without a smile on her face another person I would probably say my grandfather same thing like always happy always positive He was a poet so he always would tell me like different poems and things like that You always like gave me confidence to believe in myself You grew up in a big family a lot of kids and I know that you were a vital part in raising some of those kids even Having those interactions with your siblings being put in those positions at such an early age Does that maybe influence the way that you interact with your teammates now? 100% I think it's just the perspectives that you get I think it definitely allows me just to be able to relate with all the guys and Understand that everybody is different because even for my little brothers, you know I had those two of them that was raising in college But they were literally like grew up in the same household everything but two completely different people You know, I got seven other siblings those eight of us and all eight of us think eight completely different ways So I think one thing that I learned just through those experiences was that every person is Individual raising and going through things I went through really allowed me to just be able to kind of like Judge each person differently and kind of reach each person in a different way Overcoming all of that adversity. It's got to give you a great perspective on What it is you're involved in right now in the National Football League, but there's also a level of Levity this is a game. We're having fun, right? That perspective has got to be helpful when managing the highs and lows of the season all the practices all the meetings All the things that we have to do to play 17 game So it's really 17 days in This entire year of all the training everything that you're doing off-season training 17 opportunities when you understand that that's good because now kick starts that that I sound like a little fire under They but like get them going but now you realize like in that same instant You're playing in these games that people only wish they could do like that's when I revert back to me as a child I will watch games and I just like would envision myself being in NFL like one to play at that level and like To actually be here and know that one day it's gonna end, you know But right now I'm in there. I'm in it and I'm enjoying it I think that's what allows you to like embrace like this game like you said at the end of the day


This last year has been nuts when it comes to the stock market. There have been stocks that have literally gone up 100x. People have gotten ridiculously rich, like this guy who went from $750,000 invested to over 45 million. So in this video, I am going to be ranking the best stocks over the last year. And we're going to go into why each of these stocks did so well and what we can learn about this so that we can use it in the future when it comes to our investments. All right. So number one on the list, starting off, we're going to be talking about Alphabet, also known as Google. Probably the most powerful company in the world. In 2020, the stock went up about 30%. Pretty good, but compared to a lot of the other tech related companies that actually ended up benefiting from, you know, the whole corona thing. Not as good as some of the other ones. So I'm going to go ahead and put this one into D tier. D for diabolical company that might be taking over the world. Next, we're going to be talking about Amazon. And of course, this is the internet retailer. This is a company that is basically the everything store. They went up about 76% in 2020 and they absolutely killed it while small businesses and retail stores that rely on foot traffic were suffering. This one is going to go into B tier. B for Bezos has a great evil billionaire laugh. Next on the list is going to be AMC. And this is a common theater company. They show movies here in the U.S. And they have kind of a cult following online. So this is actually a company that was heavily shorted by a lot of these hedge funds, very similar to the GameStop situation, if you're familiar with that. And because of that, a lot of people on the internet wanted to invest in them because they thought that they were being shorted for a really bad reason. Now, this one didn't go up as much as GameStop. Maybe it will happen here in the near future where it does. Nobody really knows. But overall, I'm going to put this one into C tier. Next on the list, we're going to be talking about Apple. Now, Apple did pretty well. They went up about 81% in 2020 and they're continuing to do pretty well here in 2021. And they pretty much do well no matter what year it is. This is one of the most consistent companies. I'm going to go ahead and put them into B tier. B for Billion Dollar Company because people are willing to stand in line for hours just to get the newest iPhone. And guys, I'm going through these pretty quickly because I want to be able to get through the list and make this a relatively short video so it's not like an hour long. But the next one on the list is going to be Boeing. A huge company in the aerospace industry. They got absolutely destroyed this year just about every company that's related to flying and aerospace got destroyed just because of the fact that a lot of airlines ended up shutting down. They actually lost 34% in 2020. So this one is going to go into F tier. This one is going to go into F tier F for last time I flew. My flight got canceled twice. Next one on the list is very similar. It's going to be Carnival. And this is of course a cruise line. So if you wanted to go, you know, do a cruise in the Mediterranean or a cruise in the Caribbean, this is one of those huge boats that you see. So of course, you know, cruises were shut down during 2020. And so this company lost a lot. I think they went down even more about negative 56%.  Some people who were on cruises actually ended up kind of like stranded on the boat for several weeks or even like a month because nobody wanted them to board because they thought it was possible. Some of the people had coronavirus. So yeah, anyways, this one obviously is going to go into F tier F for floating through the Mediterranean would be pretty cool. Next, we're going to talk about Chipotle. This is a company that has the ever popular Chipotle burritos. They did surprisingly well this year. A lot of retail food companies didn't do so well, but they were able to adapt extremely fast and they were able to make it to where, you know, you could very easily order Chipotle online and just go and pick it up or you could use Uber Eats or any other number of apps. And so they actually went up about 65%, very impressive. Good job to Chipotle. I'm going to go ahead and put them into B tier. B for the burritos, just keep getting smaller and smaller. Next on the list is Coca-Cola.  And, you know, they actually were down about negative 1% this year, probably because of the fact that not as many people were going out to restaurants and ordering Coca-Cola, not as many people were going to the movie theaters and ordering it, et cetera. So for that reason, they are going to go into F tier F for the factory in Atlanta is actually really cool. Next on the list is going to be DocuSign. And this is a company that is basically exactly what they sound like. It's going to be all about signing documents, but of course online. So signing documents remotely.  They absolutely killed it the last year and it makes total sense.  So companies were basically forced to move over to an online document signing platform. And DocuSign was the best one available. So because of that, I'm going to go ahead and put them into A tier. A for always takes people forever to sign a document and then send it back to you. Why is this? Next on the list is going to be Etsy. And this is kind of like an online retail type company, except that people generally just sell stuff that's handmade. So it's not like a mass manufacturing type of online retailer like Amazon. So they went up about 302% in 2020. They absolutely killed it. So many people were stuck at home bored and they probably started creating art and then selling it on Etsy. I was actually recently in Puerto Rico. I ran into this girl who is like 20 years old or so and she actually started a successful Etsy business online during the pandemic. All right. So this one goes into A tier. A for art degree is not needed to post products on here. Next one on the list is going to be Facebook. Probably the biggest social media platform. And they went up about 33% this year. Now any other year that would be incredible, right? That would be absolutely amazing. But a lot of the other social media companies actually outperform them quite a bit. A lot of the other tech companies as well. And so for this one, I'm actually going to go ahead and put Facebook into D tier. D for do you like smoking meat? Next one on the list is going to be GameStop. Probably the stock they got the most attention out of any stock over the last year or so. I think everybody's heard about the situation. I actually made an entire video on it. So if you haven't, you can go check out my video on GameStop stock.  And they are a company that kind of relies on foot traffic. So a lot of people online are big fans of GameStop. A lot of gamers and stuff like that, right? And so they thought it was very unfair that all of these hedge funds were shorting the company. So they all got together and they sort of invested in GameStop, which caused these hedge funds to lose billions of dollars.  But anyways, there was a particular poster named Keith Gill. His name on YouTube was Roaring Kitty. And his name on Reddit was Deep Effing Value. And he basically went from $750,000 to over $40 million with his investment into GameStop. So this one is clearly S tier. I mean, this one went up more than like any other stock in the last year or so. And of course it's gone down since then, but hey, maybe it might rally again. I actually have a little bit in GameStop, just, you know, almost for the meme of it. But yeah, this one clearly is going to go into S tier. S4. I like the stock. Next on the list is going to be another Fortune 500 company, L Brands. You may not be familiar with them, but they're basically the brand that owns Victoria's Secret. They also own other, you know, apparel and footwear companies. They went up about 105% in 2020, which is extremely impressive, especially considering the fact that a lot of these companies are, you know, retail and they rely on foot traffic, which of course you didn't get very much of in 2020, but they did a great job pivoting into the online space. So I'm going to go ahead and put them into B tier, B4, but what actually is Victoria's Secret? Next on the list is McDonald's, and this of course is a restaurant, very popular restaurant here in the United States.  They did do better than a lot of restaurants out there. They did a relatively good job kind of pivoting and embracing more of an online presence. But overall, you know, compared to a lot of the other, you know, tech companies and companies on this list, I'm going to have to put them into D tier. D for dude, why is your ice cream machine always broken? Next on the list is going to be McKesson, and they're basically a drug delivery company. They're going to be the ones who send drugs to pharmacies and hospitals. A lot of people invested in McKesson because they thought they were going to be the ones who were delivering the coronavirus shots, which they did end up doing quite a bit of that. Overall, the stock jumped about 27.1% or so, which is good, but not as good as you would have expected. So I'm going to go ahead and put them into C tier. C for can you please stop putting stuff on back order? Sorry, that's a pharmacy joke. I couldn't help myself. All right. Next on the list is another company in pharmaceuticals called Moderna. They were one of the biggest gainers out of all the pharmaceutical companies. So basically they were one of the ones who were developing the C virus vaccine. And I believe they were actually number one. They were the first one to actually get finished with it. Now they are actually smaller than some of the other companies like Pfizer, for instance. And so when they were able to get approved for the coronavirus, their stock just soared. They went up about 434% in 2020. And over the last 12 months or so, I think it was around 570, almost 600%. And they were the first ones, number one to get the emergency use authorization for the vaccine. So overall, I'm going to go ahead and put them into A tier. A for next on the list is going to be Netflix. This is a video entertainment company. I think everybody is aware of them. And they went up about 67% or so. Did pretty good. Not as good as some of the other tech related companies, but pretty good. And you know, two words, Tiger King. Netflix goes into B tier.  Next on the list is going to be Nike. This of course is a clothing and shoe company. They went up about 40% during the pandemic. And this isn't horrible, you know, but compared to some of the other companies on this list, it's not great. They did a decent job pivoting into online sales when some of the foot traffic slowed down in their normal stores. It's just that some of the other companies on this list did better. So I'm going to go ahead and put them into C tier. C for cool shoes, bro. Next on the list is going to be NVIDIA. And they're basically most known for selling like graphics cards, GPUs. They're kind of on the cutting edge of a semiconductor technology. And they went up about 122% in 2020. Very good. Again, great performance, just not as good as some of the other ones on this list. So for that reason, they are going to go into B tier. B for Bitcoin mining. Next on the list is going to be PayPal. And this of course is a company that facilitates online transfer of money. Another technology company that did really well. They had 117% gains this last year, which is fantastic. They are going to go into B tier as well, almost A tier. B for buy and sell stuff and pay like 5% in fees. Next on the list is going to be PBF Energy. This of course is a energy gas company. And these companies got absolutely destroyed in 2020. So they went down about negative 78%. And pretty much all energy related companies got destroyed in 2020. And hey, this is something we can learn from if something like this ever happens again, where we can't really leave our houses and travel and stuff like that is restricted, which was a pretty good chance that this is going to happen again. You have to be realistic about this. You know, companies like this are not going to do very well. So this one went into F tier, F for fail. All right, next one is a little bit surprising. It's going to be Peloton Interactive. They're the company that create a lot of workout equipment. For instance, the Peloton machine, which is basically where you pedal in your living room. So they sell home workout equipment, which of course, in 2020 was extremely popular. And they ended up going up about 434%. You know, everybody ended up starting their own at home gyms. I sort of tried to myself and then I ended up not really using it at all, unfortunately. But yeah, this one is going to go into A tier. A for, am I the only one who quit working out as soon as the pandemic started? Next on the list is going to be Starbucks. And everybody knows what that is, biggest coffee company in the world. They went up about 24% in 2020. They did okay. You know, they pivoted relatively well compared to a lot of the other coffee related businesses. I'm going to go ahead and put them into C tier. C for Caramel Macchiato. Tesla is next on the list. Maybe the only other company besides GameStop that got a ridiculous amount of press. Thanks to the meme Lord Elon Musk, who somehow is constantly on the front page of the internet. They went up 743% in 2020. And if you extend that out a little bit into 2019 and a little bit into 2021, at some points they were up 1000%. This is the biggest winner out of all of the companies.  Tesla clearly goes into S tier, S for Super Stonk. Next one on the list is going to be Clorox company. So this of course is a company that manufactures cleaning related goods. Now this is a kind of like a production line type of company. And I think it's really impressive that they did so well considering the type of company they are. They did a lot better than other production line type companies. Also a company that made it onto the list of the best companies to work for another video that I did recently. And it's such a novel concept. When you treat people really well, they tend to be loyal to you in times where things get hard. Isn't that crazy? Really happy to see that they did so well during the pandemic. They went up about 34%, which is not too bad, especially considering the type of company they are. And so I'm going to go ahead and put them into B tier. B for Bleach. All right guys, so I'm going to speed through the rest of these. I want to make sure this video doesn't get too long. So I'm just going to speed through these. So obviously I couldn't include every company out there on this list. I tried to kind of stick to certain types of companies, just to teach you guys kind of what happened with certain types of companies. When something crazy like this happens in the world, just so you'll get a general idea of what is likely to happen in the future if this happens again. So Tyson Foods, this is obviously a food related company. You'll probably see them if you go to Walmart or any other store. They did not do too well, 27.3%. I put them into F tier. Walgreens, big retail pharmacy store, didn't do very well. Decrease in foot traffic, negative 32%. Put them into F tier as well. Walmart, they went up about 21%. They weren't doing too well at first, but they've been recently really embracing the online business model. They're kind of copying Amazon with their FBA, which is fulfillment by Amazon model. They're allowing people to sell their own products through the Walmart website. So they went up about 21%, not too bad. I'm going to go ahead and put them into C tier. Washington Prime Group, which is a real estate investment company. They focus on REITs, which is real estate investment trusts. Negative 77%, really, really rough. Now I talk about this a lot on my channel. Investing in real estate has a lot of risks that almost none of these real estate investing channels tell you. I still think it's great to invest in real estate, but you must understand the risk. So this one actually goes into F tier for 2020. Didn't do too well. Negative 77%, that's rough. Wells Fargo, one of the biggest banks in the world, kind of like a traditional type bank. They went down negative 41%. Again, they kind of rely on foot traffic. There's a lot of online banks now where they don't even have physical locations and there are a lot of positives to banking with them instead. So Wells Fargo goes into F tier. Zoom, this of course was a company that did very well here in 2020. And you know, they went up about 396%. Another tech company that did really well. They have to go into A tier. Keep in mind guys, this is kind of just looking back on you know, how companies did in 2020. And I sort of tried to include companies from just about every sector out there. So you could sort of see generally speaking how these different companies did. So if something like this looks like it's going to happen again in the future, you know what types of companies are going to end up gaining in value. This doesn't necessarily mean that these companies are going to go up in the future. So I don't want you to like invest in all of the S tier companies. In fact, there's a good chance that because of the fact that they gain so much in value, when things go back to normal, these companies might even go down, right? The stock might actually decrease. So with that being said guys, if you haven't done it already, go ahead gently tap the like button, hit that subscribe button, ring the notification bell, comment down below any thoughts, comments, criticisms, et cetera, that you have stocks that I should have, you know, had on the list, stocks that I shouldn't have had on the list, that I put something in A tier that should have been an S tier, et cetera, et cetera. Let me know down in the comments below. And before you leave, check out my other videos right here. I made them just for you.