Hello friends, I am Mr. P. P. Mitragootri, Associate Professor in Mechanical Engineering Department of Valchand Institute of Technology, Solapur. Today we are going to discuss regarding introduction to stainless steels and what are types of stainless steels. And in this session, at the end of this session, you will be able to apply your knowledge in selection of proper variety of stainless steel for given component. Now what are stainless steels, why they are called stainless, what is their property which makes them stainless that is very important. All of we know in general that stainless steels have very good corrosion resistance or very high corrosion resistance. And this corrosion resistance is due to presence of chromium in these steels. It is the chromium which is very very important element which makes the steel stainless. Now when these steels are exposed to oxidizing environments, chromium gets rapidly oxidized and forms a thin film of hydrous chromium oxide on the surface. And this film is very thin, impermeable and impervious as a result of which corrosion resistance is improved and this film is passive self-healing in character. And due to this film corrosion resistance is enhanced while before going forward, I want to ask one question that is what is the main constituent of stainless steels apart from carbon. For the steel to be stainless, what is required minimum amount of chromium in solid solution form should be 13 percent at least. That is whenever we add any chromium to steel, chromium being strong carbide former, what happens it will combine with carbon to form complex chromium carbides along with iron carbide. And if any chromium remains after combining with carbon that remaining chromium goes into solid solution. And it is this chromium which goes into solid solution is very very very important in conferring stainless property to a steel. Now for that amount of chromium that combines with carbon in general whatever the chromium that we add out of that how much chromium combines with carbon that is given by one empirical formula. That is amount of chromium that combines with carbon is 17 times the amount of carbon for example I will give you one example over here. Suppose our carbon content of the steel is 0.2 percent then if we add some amount of chromium 5 or 6 percent of chromium say into that. 17 into 0.2 3.4 percent chromium out of 6 percent chromium that we add will go into formation of chromium carbides and remaining 2.6 percent will only go into solid solution. Therefore chromium in solid solution is calculated as total chromium minus 17 into percentage carbon hope you have understood this empirical formula and I have exemplified it. Then higher the chromium in solid solution more will be the corrosion resistance of the steel. Generally as already stated at least 13 percent chromium must be present in solid solution. Along with chromium there in many of the stainless steels we find presence of nickel some amount of titanium little amount of molybdenum and manganese invariably present in many of the stainless steels and no doubt chromium has to be present carbon has to be present. Now whether stainless steels only do have their highest corrosion resistance or excellent corrosion resistance no along with excellent corrosion resistance along with passive to corrosion attack stainless steels have excellent mechanical properties manufacturing properties and that is why we find their applications in engineering to a great extent corrosion resistance of stainless steel is an added advantage besides that stainless steels are known for their excellent forming characteristics means what is the application of high formability high formability means these stainless steels can be plastically deformed very easily means we can manufacture components of stainless steel by cold working similarly they have excellent mechanical properties at low and high temperature means components made of stainless steel can be employed or can be put to use at subzero temperatures as well as at high temperatures then scaling and oxidation resistance is excellent that has already been discussed then they have very good weldability and machinability means fabrication properties of stainless steels are excellent as well as machinability is very good and as they as already stated they have excellent mechanical properties at high temperature means their creep resistance is also good and along with that they have very good surface finish due to that we find their application to a great extent in engineering now stainless steels in general are classified into three groups group a martensitic stainless steel group b ferritic stainless steels group c austenitic stainless steels now first of all we will study group a steels that is martensitic stainless steels now in case of martensitic stainless steel amount of chromium in solid solution is little less than 13 percent that is given by the formula percentage c r minus 17 into percentage is little less than 13 percent as these are martensitic stainless steel martensite is formed after hardening means that these steels are hardened by heat treatment and after heat treatment they form martensite and hence we call these steels as martensitic stainless steels now we have to strike proper balance between chromium and carbon content of these steels to obtain required level of hardness wear resistance and corrosion resistance because in this case carbon content varies from 0.15 percent to 1 percent while chromium content is generally between 12 to 18 percent means in this case chromium to carbon ratio is higher these are magnetic in nature these have higher chromium to carbon ratio of this steel is very less as compared to group b and group c steels and as their carbon content is higher and chromium content is slightly lower we find that these steels have lesser corrosion resistance as compared to other types of stainless steels that is group b and group c stainless steels and these stainless steels are designated by american iron and steel institute in 400 series that is this is one of the series in which we can designate these steels what are the properties of martensitic stainless steel in general as we form martensite after hardening as steel as these steels are hardened no doubt these steels have excellent hardness and wear resistance their strength is very good they have very good hardening ability but their corrosion resistance is little lesser as compared to b and c steel varieties of steels but we find that due to their hardness and wear resistance we find their applications in the manufacture of springs, ball bearings, valves, reserves, blades, valves in chemical industry, surgical instruments and cutlery items are manufactured from martensitic stainless steel some of the typical compositions and AISI designation has been given in the table you can find three types of stainless steels that is what you say martensitic stainless steels if carbon content is lesser chromium content is lesser if carbon content is higher chromium content is higher and in 440 steel little amount of molybdenum is also present for further reference related to stainless steels and martensitic stainless steel I will suggest you to read material science and metallurgy by dr. k. kodgire engineering metallurgy 1 and 2 by gholab and kulkarni and introduction to engineering materials by bk agar


Here we have what astronomers call a peculiar galaxy. NGC 7603 and 7603B are identified as interacting according to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, but they have a very interesting problem. As you recall from discussions on Hubble's law in our segments on galaxy superclusters, an object's redshift gives us its distance, but in this case, the redshift for 7603 is a good deal smaller than the redshift for NGC 7603B. If redshift is only caused by the expansion of the universe, these two galaxies are too far apart to be interacting as they appear to be, looking at it the other way around If they are actually interacting, then there must be more than one explanation for redshift. On top of that, two quasi-stellar objects, also known as quasars, have been found in the filament connecting the two main galaxies. The thing is that the QSR's redshifts are dramatically larger than either large galaxy. That puts them billions of light-years further away than the galaxy system they appear to be a part of. These numbers have held up under significant spectroscopic analysis. The standard explanation is that they are actually not a part of the NGC 7603 system, and their apparent position is a coincidence. But the odds that this is true are extremely small. Plus, there are other interacting galaxy observations with similar redshift problems. Some astronomers are calling for a new physics to explain the situation. This would put the expansion of the universe and the corresponding Big Bang Theory in jeopardy. Time will tell.


This is the VOA Special English Economics Report. A look at some industries in the United States shows that the economic recovery is uneven. And growth seems to be slowing down. We spoke with experts in the transportation industry, which is easily affected by economic changes. Economists say trucks carry nearly 70% of the freight or goods transported in the United States. The American Trucking Association represents the interests of the trucking industry. It says freight is a good measure of the economy. This is because businesses have to move unprocessed materials, carry parts to factories, and transport imports and exports. Bob Costello is the chief economist for the group. He says the trucking industry is a leading economic indicator. That means that it helps signal what will happen in the economy. He says it is a good sign if the amount of goods carried by trucks increases. And the amount of freight carried by trucks is going up slowly. The American Trucking Association says total freight tonnage increased in June, but remained unchanged in July. That is good news to Bob Costello. He says it tells him that the economy is not falling into another recession. Other information about economic growth comes from air freight or goods transported by air. Recent reports show demand for air freight fell more than 3% around the world during July. Perry Flint is with the International Air Transport Association. That group represents about 240 airline companies worldwide. It gathers information about air passenger travel and air freight. It says international air freight decreased in July from the same period the year before. But other signs show increases. The same report shows that passenger traffic increased over 3% from last year. That may be why a top official of Cambria Suites Hotels says all travel, not just business travel, is strong. Michael Murphy says we are seeing the highest demand in the history of the hotel industry right now. Conflicting economic signs have made it difficult for economists to predict future growth. For example, government experts first said the American economy expanded at a yearly rate of 1.5% from April to June. But they amended that value as new information became available and showed growth was higher, more likely at a rate of 1.7%. Changes like that have made it harder for many people to see the road ahead. For VOA Learning English, I'm Laurel Bowman.


Music students are performing a week of lunchtime concerts here in DCU. During the week the full-time music students will showcase a different genre at lunchtime. The concerts will take place in the Helix for free. The Legends in their own lunchtime series will feature students from the BA in Jazz and Contemporary Performance. The four-year degree trains students to become professional performing musicians. The musicians are taking to the Helix foyer to perform Afro-Cuban, Jazz, Groove and more. We spoke to faculty members Cormac O'Brien and Connor Guilfoyle about the performance and the course itself. We're from the Jazz and Contemporary Music Programme and we were looking for a way to make our presence known, make an impact on the campus so that we have this kind of state-of-the-art venue here which is mostly used for commercial shows that aren't really anything to do with the college so we wanted to come up here and do something that's connected with DCU so we thought a week of performances showcasing what we've got and this is a nice kind of open space to the public. The teachers often have a speciality, mine in this case is Afro-Cuban because I've been running outside of DCU, I run Afro-Cuban bands so what I do is put together an Afro-Cuban project so what we're here today is a Latin Jazz Afro-Cuban project so other times there will be other specialities like Coltrane what else is there, a funk band? There's a vocal ensemble, there's a guitar ensemble so speciality is depending on the day. They're all aspiring to be full-time musicians in terms of encouragement it's hard to say some parents are very encouraging and some are the opposite because a career in the arts can be a tough career.


Hi everyone, Joe for jasperjasecasebreaks.com coming out to you with 2021 Mosaic UEFA Euro Soccer. Two box, Random Country Break number 17 from jasperjasebreaks.com. Thanks to these folks here for getting into it. One spot gets you two. So let's double you up. There are all the countries right there. Let's roll it. Let's randomize it. Three and a six, nine times for names and countries. One, two, eight and once more, ninth and final time. We've got Brian down to Steve, three and a six, nine times for the countries. One, two, eight and ninth and final time. We've got Portugal down to England. All right, Brian with Portugal, Sean with Italy, David with Wales, Sean with North Macedonia, Aaron with Croatia, Steve Wright with Finland, Brandon with Slovakia, Sean with Hungary, Brian with Spain, David with Sweden, Jonathan with Germany, Steve Wright with Switzerland and Turkey. We've got Frant, Brian with the Czech Republic and the Netherlands, Sean with Denmark, Aaron with Ukraine, Sean with Scotland and Russia, Brian with Poland and Austria and Steve Wright with England. We're going to pause the video and when we come back, we're going to see if there's any trades and then we will have the break itself when we come back. All right, so pause the video and we'll see you in just a little bit. All right, welcome back folks. Look at that. There's a very interesting trade here, a two for one Belgium and Germany for England. So Steve now has both Belgium and Germany with a T next to there for trade and Jonathan will be in on England. That trade is confirmed. Let's print and rip and let's see how this turns out for both parties. Good luck. Excuse me if I'm a little sniffly here. Battling some allergies. Final print out. Hot off the presses. So tomorrow, tomorrow we should see the semifinals, right? Tuesday and Wednesday. So tomorrow will be Italy, Spain in the Euros and then on Wednesday will be England, Denmark. Both games are at three o'clock Eastern, 12 PM here on the West Coast. Who does everyone have in those games? Italy, Spain, but I mean both of these matches should be pretty good. Italy, Spain, England, Denmark and the final is on Sunday. Same time, three o'clock Eastern, 12 PM LA time, West Coast time. All right, here's our first box. It's Mark Andre Ter Stegen, autograph for Germany that goes to Steve Wright who got Germany in a trade. Steve drawing first blood in the trade. Jonathan, of course, will get guys like Jayden Sancho, all-card ship. Here's a Jack Grealish here. England in particular looking pretty good. The Danish team inspired by Christian Ericsson, of course. Here's a rookie red, Igor Karaten. Christian Arnold, of course, goes to Brian in Portugal and Phil Foden for Jonathan in England. We've got a rookie silver, Marcus Force for Finland. It'll be for Steve. I remember all-card ship and it's worth looking up a lot of these rookies too. I've said it every break, but it's worth repeating because with the way soccer values are, you may be surprised by some of these. And the rookies too, even if they don't have current value, potential for future value is really great. Here's a rookie Mosaic, Camille Joswiak for Poland. That'll be for Brian. And we've got a Giovanni di Lorenzo, 11 out of 49. Forza Zuri, that'll be for Sean Oh with the Italians. All right, second box. So according to a poll on ESPNFC.com, I don't know when these votes were. I guess when there was one, two, three, four, when there are still 18s left in the tournament, there was a poll taken. 36% say Italy is going to win. 31% says England is going to win, according to the public. Those are their two favorites. I think it is going to be England or Italy. If you like the underdogs, 8% think Spain will win it all. And 5% think Denmark will win it all. Belgium was at 16%, but they, of course, crash out of the quarterfinals. Steve says it's coming home. Football's coming home. England definitely has an advantage with the 70s and the finals in London at Wembley. For Slovakia, there's Patrick Perzovsky. For Slovakia, Brandon with this rookie. We got blue, Kai Havertz, nice, 44 out of 99 for Germany. Steve Wright with the Germans. Phil Foden, Christian Ronaldo, they always seem to be paired together. Still haven't seen the autograph out of this box. We've got, I like that Phil Foden. We've got Stoll, Dmitriyevsky, Rookie Red for North Macedonia, Sean Oat. Bukhaya Sak, another up-and-coming youngster for England. Got a good combo of young players and more experienced players, which is good. Kylian Mbappe, tough tournament for him. He's super young too, I'm sure he'll bounce back. And there's the Otto. It's behind John Fleck of Scotland. The autograph is going to be Robert Lewandowski, nice. Scripps Auto, Poland, Brian Croft with the prolific Polish forward. Nice, and there you go. And then we've got a rookie silver, Mark Rodak for Slovakia. Rookie silver, that's for Brandon. And that is it, 2020, 2021. I'm Joe, I'll see you next time for the next footy break, bye-bye.


Welcome to the CUBE's coverage of KubeCon EU 2024, live from Paris, France. Join hosts Savannah Peterson, Dustin Kirkland, and Rob Strecce as they interview some of the brightest minds in cloud-native computing. Coverage of KubeCon cloud-native con is brought to you by Red Hat, CNCF, and its ecosystem partners. The CUBE's coverage of KubeCon EU 2024 begins right now. Good afternoon, cloud-native community, and welcome back to Paris, France. We are here at the fun and fabulous KubeCon cloud-native con, CNCF's largest event in Europe. My name is Savannah Peterson, joined by my fantastic co-host Rob Strecce. Rob, we are just powering through the evening. This is awesome. I mean, the energy is here. That's keeping us going. Yeah. And it's about to get crazy in here with the booth crawl. Also, I think we're getting there with all of this really good knowledge that we're sharing is just fantastic. It really is fantastic. And speaking of fantastic, we have two super fantastic Kube veterans on this desk. I feel like Balaji's been on camera almost as much as I have the last few months. And Natali, too. Great to see you again after our reunion in Amsterdam last time. How's the show going for you guys? You're all smiles. Yeah. I mean, I was a part of the backstage con yesterday. It was a co-host of the backstage con. It was really well. We had a large audience, like four or five of people there. It was a great event. Tell us a little more about that. Yeah.  We had quite a number of people who were implementers like H&M, Bold.com. Oh, cool. Lots of customers were actually implementing backstage, but up on stage, talking about it. We also had the maintainers and the contributors, as well as other people talking about it. So it was a very nice event. It's a really community-inclusive experience. I mean, it was great because I actually got to go to some of it. And I was very intrigued by the guy from Spotify where he came in and he customized the colors and the patterns and showed like American Airlines and how they had customized it and things of that nature, which I think is just so smart to help organizations and platform engineering have their own brand within an organization. That's why backstage is successful. It's the ability to customize for your company. If you just say, like I said, the EU's IBM example. But you're able to customize the platform for you. That's why developers can associate with it. And it's not only the colors and themes. It's also what tools they can use, the templates, which is essentially the best practices for that organization can also be there. So that's why the backstage is resonating with the audience because it gives all the primitives to build something for you, for any user. That's why it's great. Natalia, I want to ask you a little bit more about those tools, software templates. You provide a lot of resources. Yeah, absolutely. Look, the community is also growing in this space. There's a momentum for platform engineering, a momentum for up-depth focus in Kubernetes community landscape. And so what backstage community is doing is providing a standard way to deploy software. It's so-called software template or golden path. Yeah, it's a way you can scaffold an application from scratch or adding a component to an existing application and give you on-ramp guidelines to set up a new environment, new tools, new framework. And it's also a standard way to deploy software, defined in a standard way. So we're defining a standard, and everyone is converging to this standard. That's why the community is so cool about this approach. And we've seen the momentum also yesterday in backstage con. Lots of people were there asking about the software template, IDPs. I observed, correct me if I'm wrong, the amount of questions were bigger. The backstage con was more crowded. I've seen that this community is really growing in this part. There's a little bit of a maturity even from Chicago to here. I think Chicago was more like earlier adopters. I mean, maybe it's Europe, but if you look at the people who raised their hands, 70% are already using backstage. We did a poll in the beginning. So that's pretty good. I mean, to have a conference where people are actually using it already, that's pretty good. That's a lot. I mean, that's pretty impressive. I mean, I thought it was more than 50%, 60%. Usually, I don't expect, I expect like 20%, 30%, but I would think it's more than 60%. I think Europe is very, very far adopting technology faster and better. I think it also helps from a resourcing perspective if you can bring things together. And I think this is kind of that, what is platform engineering versus what is the developer role and how is that going to play out? Because I kind of look at, you know, platform engineering is really the new IT. It's really where things get done to help developers. But is that what you guys are seeing in kind of your design focus with your products that are built on backstage? Yeah, go ahead. Yeah. Go, go, go. Yeah. So basically, we view this, I think there's two points to it, right? So the platform always existed. I mean, the platform is not a new concept. The IDP really helps to bring it together. So for the first time, the productivity of the developers actually increases tremendously because they have the ability to bring it together with something like an IDP, right? And IDP, just for those who are out there, is the developer portal is what you're talking about. That's a good one. So you're right. There's actually a little two words here. You can call that a whole platform as an IDP as well. But the portal is basically the UI for the platform. So for us, for me, that's where the rubber meets the road for the developers. It's really the personalization of the views, of the dashboards, of everything they want to do in one place makes it really interesting. Yeah. Anything more? Yeah, yeah. I just wanted to add that the platform engineers, the professional figure that really cares about the experience for developers. That's why this other thread called developer experience. And having a portal, internal developer portal, is a way to implement this developer experience. The platform engineer is actually the impersonification tree role, if you will. One is like being a product manager for the platform. There's a new model service from platform as a service. Now we are in a platform as a product fashion, if you will. So platform engineer, our product manager, are user experience expert because they follow the developer experience. And also they take my role, which is the coolest role in the world, which is the developer advocate. Those are kind of evangelists of the platform. Yeah. They help those developers be on-ramp with the platform, with the tooling, with the software template. So that's the platform engineer today. And also the platform engineer is an evolution of different roles that we have in the industry, DevOps, developer itself. And yeah, we're observing more and more platform teams into communities, in customers, in processes. That's a momentum. Yeah, well, and it's going to become more and more prevalent. You showed me a fun meme balaji before we got started with the platform engineer, taking the literal heat, the firestorm so that the developer can curl up peacefully and sleep. I love that. I'm going to be borrowing that and giving you credit moving forward. But I think that's really, it's an important way of looking at it, right? This user experience needs to continuously improve because we're in a super inflection point where orders of magnitude more data are about to be processed or starting to be processed. We've got different types of hardware. I mean, it's really interesting, honestly. So, in terms of empowering them, what's the feedback loop like with the platform engineering teams that you're building for? Thank you for this aliyap or so-called, yeah? I got you. Yeah, yeah. You know, we have these studies defining an ideal developer experience. So one pillar is reducing the cognitive load. The second pillar is getting developers into flow state. And the third pillar is the feedback loop. This is one of the most important part. And how we're connecting those, how to make this working is through the platform that enables this feedback loop early. So that you got the feedback from those users which are the developers and you can improve the platform. At the end of the day, if they improve the platform, you improve the process and you are giving the product in the end of your customer faster. So that's an improvement of a product. Everybody wins. Yeah, everybody wins. It's a win-win. Yeah, it's really a win-win. And also you break the famous so-called wall of confusion where developers don't talk to ops or DevOps because they don't understand each other. But here, here's the common languages. Software template, IDPs, collaboration, win-win again. Are you looking at it as this is how you're building out and you guys launched developer, the developer platform at Red Hat. How does this play into that and that launch? And that's new. It's brand new, by the way, since I've seen you in December, actually. I can take that one. So we launched a product called Developer Hub which is basically a commercial offering for backstage. So we are fully upstream compatible, allows you the customization and all the things we talk about. Because if you break that rule, nobody's going to buy the product. We want to keep the principle of being Switzerland, essentially, and also being able to customize it. So we have been in market for two to three months. We have a lot of customers already bought it with a large bank. It's 6,000, 7,000 customers. Going to go full stream on it and we're working to, obviously, enable them. It's a journey. You still have to put your custom templates and whatever the customization we're talking about. But yeah, definitely, it's resonating highly and we see a good way to do it. One point I want to add to it, the platform not only allows you to talk about dollar per experience, it also allows you to enforce things. This is one of my favorite topics, is the ability to supply software supply chain. Everybody talks about software supply chain, but then shift left is pretty obvious and you want to do security as closer to the dollar per possible, but it's hard to implement for every dollar per every time. So with the software template that we are coming out with, it's called the Red Hat Trusted Application Pipeline Concept. That's another product we're launching which is basically codifying that and having that available out of the box. So instead of doing shift left and putting the burden on the dollar per, you're shifting down. So the infrastructure takes care of that. So the dollar per is like, they do a click and then they get that full, highly secure software supply chain ready made for them. That's basically reducing the effort and also getting compliance quickly. I was going to bring that up. Security, compliance, more important than ever. How are you building and working to help developers solve for that? I'm going to ask you, Natali, because I know it's a hot topic for you. Yeah, it's our topic and we need to, again, reduce the cognitive load for developers. Reduce complexity. How do we get the security in place so that it's simple for them? If you look at classical division of application lifecycle management, there's an onboarding phase, then there's a coding phase called inner loop, then there's a pipeline phase called outer loop. Those are phases, but security should be in all of those phases, from onboarding into project to deploying to production. How do we make that easier? Again, we think we're putting these security bits in software templates really make that easier, because Balazim was mentioning we're launching a new product called Trusted Software Supply Chain that will have parts containing the code verification, the code signing, and also a part that can sign container images, sign pipeline execution, verify with policy at runtime. So it's 360 degrees. How do we avoid the complexity for developers? If they use any IDPs, they can just create a software template to scaffold a new application, which is built in a secure way as defined. So the code needs to be in a certain way. The dependencies look at the supply chain security is also a very hot topic. How do you have an inventory of those dependencies? How do you scan those dependencies? Can you scan upfront? Can you provide those secure dependencies upfront? Yes, from the software template, you can provide the right dependencies and then you have all the tooling that helps you signing the code, signing the container image, signing the pipeline, verifying the policy, so that we think this might be a good option for developers. This is a great example of a platform engineering, really helping the development completely, right? So I think there's a huge value of that. The developers individually don't know how to figure all of these things out. They don't know which tool to use, what standards to follow, across a large company. I mean it would be an enormous catalog of knowledge you would have to have.  This is going to turbo charge the organizational productivity and output. Well it's the on-ramp phase, right? Because you join a new company and you have to figure out what are the guardrails that this company has set up if you put it into the IDP and you put it into the developer hub it's a lot easier.  I mean that's just unbelievable. When you start to look at that, are they looking at it as a way to make it easier for those developers just because the developers don't, to your point, on cognitive load, don't want to have to think about what are the guardrails every time. What are the pieces of security? And they shouldn't have to, frankly. So they're going through and using the different pieces that are, and maybe there are choices in there that they have to make so they're not pinned into one way. Is that what you're seeing best of breed kind of doing? I mean, I think that you can have as many templates as you want. I mean, obviously every developer, you have to have choice, right? Meaning you can't be the only way to do it. I expect a large audience to give choices, but not infinite choices or random choices everybody makes. Right now it's like free for all, right? You want to create a deploy application to AWS you're going to come in one way and he's going to come up with another way.  I think I expect that kind of like, not infinite but like a set. But yeah, that's definitely what I see happening. I think, yeah, I love that. And there's no reason it's like, we don't need to reinvent the wheel every time just let everyone get in the same basic car chassis and then customize your whip. In fact, in backstage is so good this plug-in ecosystem. There's a core and then a very rich ecosystem of plug-ins where that is bringing its own plug-in with core functionality like pipeline, get-off, single sign-on but then third party plug-in we're going to verify and certify the platform and really literally hundreds of community plug-ins that anyone can plug in because you know, it's important to connect to company's system and backstage it's really good at connecting to a really heterogeneous pool of systems. That's a really great point. I was just talking to a partner right now and I would name them right now but they're a feature-flight company and they are asking me which kind of plug-ins should we be building right? So I'm like, you know think of a developer life journey like he is using feature-flight obviously in his product what kind of information that should be exposed in this portal so you can see for example what is the feature-flight that's enabled in the production for this application. Maybe he said that's not what I want to do, maybe I want to turn off the feature so it gives that view like what I got pushed I can think about the life of a developer and this feature-flight is just one example of a tool but there are lots of tools you can use and you can bring all of those into the one single dashboard so the developer can actually do everything and that's a beautiful thing to do. Alright, you know what I'm going to close on the question I always ask you all since you're such regular guests and we have you on all the time what are you going to be able to what do you hope to be able to say when I have you on in Salt Lake or somewhere else soon that you can't currently say right now obviously not confidential but you know give us a little prediction, Natalia I'm going with you you got your smiles too big not too. Yeah, we were mentioning the process of the supply chain is coming very soon it's going to be GA the part with Trusted Artifact Signer and Trusted Profile Analyzer so this is coming soon and as far as I know Balachi can share more about the Red Hat developer hub but we have a really very good amount of plugins coming and feature you can share more. Well for me it's all about AI, you know how is the this experience could be turbo charged with AI because you know you can imagine we can go on for another whole hour on this easily and we will see it we did talk about it a little bit the thing is there's so much to do like these templates that you're talking about can I just create it by talking to it because you know like in the platform you can just do it can I talk about there's a lot of tribal knowledge you can just click click click click can I just talk to it what is going on with the what feature plugin enabled that's the thing there's so much you can do I'll give you one because you actually by looking at the templates being able to understand and go in there and figure out what templates have already been made for AWS for this service using this that's fantastic that would be awesome I hope to see that next time we're on absolutely, hopefully they can just talk to it and figure out which template is the right template for you that would actually be really awesome final thing before we wrap here you have an event coming up in Italy yep it's called Kubernetes Community Day Italy it's happening in June you are very welcome to submit any talk if you want to talk at our conference you're very welcome to attend the conference it's going to be in Bologna this year last year it was in Milan so if you come great talk great stuff great food so why you have to miss it come over I'm sold, I'm in we'll have to convince the crew to do Italy though I'm pretty sure this whole production staff would be very excited about that especially with the symbol being pizza a pizza pie it's so good great branding as usual they got the branding game sorted Bologna and Natali it is such a joy to have you on this stage thank you for being back I'm very confident I'll see both of you sitting here very soon and also Rob you just having a killer day 10 out of 10 and I hope you're having a fantastic day at home or wherever you're tuning in to our three days of live coverage here from Paris at KubeCon, CloudNativeCon my name is Savannah Peterson you're watching the Kube the leading source for Enterprise Tech News


and welcome to module 37 of chemical kinetics and transition state theory. In last several modules, we have looked at a few concepts of molecular dynamics and today is just a few problem solving session related to that. So, let us start with drawing potential energy surfaces. The problem states that for the reaction Br plus HCl going to HBr plus Cl, it is endothermic. We found that if we provide initially vibrational excitation to HCl that is much more conducive to the reaction compared to translational energy and the products are obtained with excess of translational energy. So, the part 1 asks you to draw a potential energy surface with respect to HBr distance and HCl distance. So, I will give you sometime pause the video and draw this potential energy surface. Hopefully you have paused the video and tried this on your own. This is a very important concept for this course. Let us solve the problem together. So, first let us gather information on what we have provided you. So, if I draw a one-dimensional energy surface, I have a surface that should look like this, where this is reactant and this is product. The reaction is endothermic. So, this is a 1D surface. This is not the potential energy surface. I am just thinking. Now, we are given the extra information that the vibrational excitation is more increases the rate more than the translational energy. This implies transition state is late meaning transition state is closer to products. That is what we had discussed earlier. So, you can go back to that module and relook at it. If vibrational energy is more conducive that implies that the transition state is much closer to the product side. Now, let us just make a few more induction. So, our problem is our reactant looks like this. What do I gain from this? q1 large for reactant and q2 is small at reactant. My product looks like this where you have HBr and Cl is far separated away. So, here q1 is small, this is q1, this is q2 and q2 is large. So, for my reactant, I will have large q1 and small q2 and opposite for product. So, let us actually draw the energy surface with all this information now with me. HBr distance here, that is what the question has asked me to do q2 which is equivalent to HCl distance. Now, where is my reactant on this? We analyzed q1 must be large and q2 must be small. So, my reactant is somewhere here. Where has to be my product? q1 has to be small, q2 has to be large. This point must refer to product. Now, also remember we have argued that a transition state must sit closer to product than to reactant. So, this is somewhere which is will be transition state. I will just change the color of my pen now, otherwise things become confusing. So, now, let us draw energy surfaces first close to the reactant. Here if I increase q1, what will happen? Well, if you are increasing q, let me just draw this once more. This is q1, this is q2. So, Br is anyway dissociated far away from the molecule. So, if I increase q1 any further, I will just get flat potential energy surfaces. But if I increase q2, then a potential energy will change sharply because q2 refers to the HCl bond. So, if I am HCl is vibrating, well of course, energy is changing. Now, as I decrease the value of q2, I will get these kinds of surfaces now. For eventually, remember this is my transition state here. So, this thing has to curve around like this, qualitative figure and the same thing around the product, I will get surfaces that will look like this, the same argument, but the transition state is just sitting closer to the product. So, that is your potential energy surface. And once more this although is not part of the question, but the point is if I start with the reactants here and I throw more vibrational excitation, you see it is just more conducive of hitting the transition state here like this. While if my initial conditions, let me choose another color, if my initial condition was more translational, then I can get lost and come back. Translational is just not more conducive. So, just a bit of extra information that we had discussed earlier. The second part of this question asks for the reverse reaction. Now, HBr plus Cl going to Br plus HCl predict if the products will be formed with excess translational energy or vibrational energy. So, I will again request you to pause the video, think about it and answer on your own. Hopefully, you have paused the video and given it some thought, let us discuss it now together. So, well, I will argue it will come out vibrationally excited products will be vibrationally excited. Why? Because remember for the forward reaction, more vibrational energy was leading to more products. Vibrational energy leads to more products. So, if I reverse it, I make the products or reactants, I am starting with the products now. And if I move to reactants, remember that Newton's laws are perfectly time reversible, I will end up in reactants having more vibrational energy, I just have more probability of that. So, therefore products will be more vibrationally excited. So, let us look at the next question. We looked at this function P of Q1 which was defined earlier. And if I go from Q1 ranging from reactant to product, make a qualitative plot of P of Q1. So, I will again request you to pause the video and think on it or think on it on your own. I very much hope you have paused the video. This is an interesting qualitative question and hope you have an answer. Let us do it together. First of all, how does V looks like as a function of Q1? That one is easy, that looks like this. This is reactant, this is transition state, this is product is the probability density with Q1 equal to Q1 naught. So, if I set a certain value of Q1 and I am asking at thermal equilibrium, at thermal equilibrium, what is the probability that I will be finding Q1 equal to this Q1 naught. So, what do you think? If I plot Q1 versus P of Q1, well, I will get a plot that is the exact opposite now. I am much more probable to be found at the reactant. It has a lower potential and thermal equilibrium prefers lower potential. You have an exponential function actually. So, this is my reactant and this will be my transition state. I have hit 0 which I should not have, but it will be very close to 0 and this will be somewhere my product. Once more why? Because the transition state is at a much higher energy. Therefore, at thermal equilibrium, it is much less likely for me to be present there. I am much more likely to be the reactant. So, that is why I must go from reactant to transition state in this fashion. I have drawn the product version as well corresponding to this, but that was not part of the question. I have a few quick true and false questions. First one, molecular dynamic simulations simulate both electrons and nuclei using Newton's laws of motion, true or false. So, think about it, pause the video and write your own answer. The correct answer is false. MD treats only nuclei classically. Electrons are treated under Born-Oppenheimer approximation which is still quantum mechanical. So, molecular dynamics is not completely classical. Electrons still have retained their quantum mechanical nature. True or false? Potential energy surface calculated using BO approximation includes kinetic energy of electrons as well. Take your time and answer your question true or false. The correct answer is. So, remember a Born-Oppenheimer surface is an Eigen function of H electronic which is kinetic energy of electrons plus the potential energy of electrons comma nuclei. And we solve H electronic psi i equal to E i psi i and E i is your potential energy surface. So, this E i actually has a contribution from kinetic energy of electrons. True or false? Thermodynamic integration computation of transmission state rate includes nuclear tunneling effects. Again, take your time, think about it and answer true or false. The correct answer is false. Thermodynamic integration is still treating nuclei classically. Integration has the same approximations actually. As transition state theory including classical treatment. So, nuclear tunneling effects are not included. So, with that I will end here. Thank you very much.


What's going on guys? It's your boy the APJ here today with another Destiny video and in today's video We're gonna check out what Zer brings to the tower on the 27th of November 2015 Yes, Zer is located in the tower this week Don't think he's ever going back to that damn reef once you're spawning Just one head straight down into the vanguard room and you will see him here on your right Let's just see what he has this week Okay, so For the Titan we have the helm of saint 14 this costing 13 strange coins offering 280 defense and 81 intellect Muds are blind enemies inside your ward of dawn gain bonus super energy on grenade kills and shield starts recovery Immediately after or pick up for the hunter We have the crest of alpha loopy chest armor offering 218 defense also costing 13 strange coins Offering 65 intellect and 67 strength Muds are super generator next or revive and be revived faster Increases the amount also a rival ammunition you can carry and reduces incoming solar burn damage for the war Like we have the light beyond nemesis helmet also offering 280 defense Also custom 13 strange coins Offering 74 intellect mods are super generator and extra orb revive and be revived faster Again bonus super energy from melee kills on minions of the darkness and gain bonus melee energy on all pickups Weapon of the week we have the fourth horseman This is a shotgun. This will cost you 23 strange coins. This is a close quarters combat shotgun I mean it just sprays like an absolute beast before the infective sprayed This thing sprays even more now with the patch that's coming in December shotguns are receiving the biggest nerf ever And I believe they're gonna be completely useless and a shotgun like this will probably become even more useless It really will We have a legacy and ground. This is year one weapons only So if you're missing a year one special weapon and you really want it This is your chance of getting it you'll get no year twos out of this legacy and ground This will cost you 31 strange coins. Well guys, that is it That's what the world brought to the tower on the 27th of November 2015 So anything here you guys need let me know down below in that comment section I ain't gonna bother wasting any of my 31 strange coins this week But guys, hope you enjoyed the video. Do you want to go appreciate the support subscribe for daily destiny? And I'll catch you guys on the next one. Peace out until next time. Peace The same that's why you gotta go and find DPJ doesn't need gameplay weekly snipes heavy uploads gonna have you a hype started in the UK Now he's worldwide DPJ go and subscribe


Welcome! Today we're on board the Heritage 211 Center Console. The Heritage 211 Center Console is designed for the growing family looking for a feature-rich boat that has the perfect blend of offshore fishing and family. This boat measures in at 20 feet 11 inches, 8 foot 5 inch beam, 15 degrees of dead rest at the transom with a 12 inch draft for fuel 64 gallons. Let's take a look at the bow. The bow of the Heritage 211 was meticulously designed for comfort as well as versatility. For starters, wrap-around bolsters that do feature the hourglass pattern. We have bottom cushions as well as backrests and all of them are standard. For the fishing days, the bottom cushions and backrests are easily removable, revealing two large cooler boxes that can also serve as dry storage. At the center, a very deep storage compartment. For safety and convenience, there are two wrap-around grab rails as well as additional cup holders up front for those sitting here. If you're sitting in front of the console, we also have two more cup holders for them. To finish everything up, up front an oversized anchor locker compartment. Let's take a look at the console. In front of the console, right behind the cushion, you'll find this nice and wide backrest as well as a cushion for the bottom, again featuring our hourglass pattern. Opening up the bottom reveals a 12-gallon insulated cooler. It can also serve as dry storage. If the boat is equipped with freshwater, the freshwater fill is conveniently located below. Alright, now let's wrap-around and take a look inside the head. Inside the console of the Heritage 211, the first thing to notice is how spacious it is. It also has easy access to the back of your electronics as well as your pumps. One added benefit of having an oversized console is that you can fit all of your bow cushions as well as the back cushions inside. Keeping them out of the elements will help prolong the life of your cushions. For the growing family, of course, you're going to need a porta-potty. One can be installed inside. The door is lockable, making this a safe place to put your belongings. Let's take a look at the electronics now. For the electronics on the Heritage 211, we feature the SportLink Electronics Integration System. This is a factory-installed set of electronics that comes standard with every single Heritage 211. In this model, we have the Garmin 942XS, which is paired up to a B60 through-haul transducer. This is a 9-inch touchscreen GPS and features their brand-new G3 blue charts. Around the dash, you'll notice a black acrylic. This will help with glare when you're out on the water. And it also has integrated 12-volt switches with backlit labels. For charging ports, we have two USB ports on the right-hand side and a 12-volt receptacle over on the left. For steering, C-STARS hydraulic steering with tilt, as well as a sportsman steering wheel with a knob. For your tunes, JL Audio is standard all the way around and it features their MM50 head unit, as well as their brand-new M3 speakers. Trim tabs, we have Lektrotap trim tabs with LED indicators. Yamaha Binnacle, two cup holders, and you'll notice on this boat, we have the Garmin VHF radio. It is an option. To finish everything up, we have this nice two-step fiberglass footrest and it does have a storage compartment. Inside that compartment, you'll find your battery switches. This boat does come standard with dual batteries and the switch is nicely convenient at arm's length. The leaning post on the Heritage 211 is as versatile as it is comfortable. For one, it has these two individually adjustable boasters. This allows a captain to be standing up while the passenger is sitting down or any combination of that. For safety, we have two grab handles on both sides. Underneath, plenty of space for a cooler and we do offer the Yeti slide-out cooler. It's a 65 quart and also an under-leaning post-tackle storage for some additional tackle storage. Across the back, four rod holders. Now the boat that we are on today features our Deluxe T-Top. This is the anodized version but we offer powder coating in both white and black. This top has lights as well as an electronics box which can serve as storage. Four rod holders across the back. Kingfish rod holders on the sides and a safety grab handle. If you decide to add outriggers, the plates are already installed. And to finish everything up, grab handles on port and starboard side. And speaking of fishing, let's take a look at the under-gunnel rod racks. The under-gunnel rod racks of the Heritage 211 allows for rod storage for up to three rods on either side. To top it all off, we have two rod holders as well as a conveniently placed cup holder here for those sitting out back. A pull-up plate completes the gunnel. Now for safety, we have a tow rail below. And also notice how deep this cockpit is. This is a great safety feature for any growing family. So now let's take a look at the rear seating area of the Heritage 211. One of the key features on the Heritage 211 is this four-person edge-to-edge rear bench seat. For comfort, you'll notice the backrest is raised, allowing the backrest to hit your back just a little bit higher, allowing for a more comfortable seating position. On either side, we have built-in eight-gallon insulated live walls, but they can also be used for coolers or as storage boxes. Another key feature is our total access hatch. This hatch will give you best-in-class access to your bilge for any maintenance or service needed. You can also find some storage below, and the lid is lockable, allowing this to be a safe place for your belongings. For power on this boat, we have the 150 Yamaha, but we do offer 150s and 200s in mechanical, digital, and the VMAX SHO. To wrap up the transom, we have a three-step boarding ladder with a grab handle. The Heritage 211 is sure to bring a lot of fun memories for any growing family. This boat, as with every other sportsman boat, is NMMA-certified and built to ABYC standards. This represents the highest safety standards in the boating industry. If you have any questions on this boat or any other model in our lineup, visit our website at SportsmanBoatsMFG.com or contact your local dealer. Thanks for watching!


Welcome back to my channel. This is Kelly from House of Virgo. If you're new, please do hit like, share, and subscribe. Virgo, happy birthday. Now we're coming to the end of September Virgo season. So if you have a birthday today, happy birthday. All right, let's get into this reading. First, I just want to say my personal readings are open. So if you want to book a reading, click on the link in the description box below. Go to my website and book your reading there. Okay. So we're going to take a look at the rest of September going into August to see what the love messages are for you. Okay. Yeah. All right, let's see. So the first card that popped out obviously is very soon someone's making a decision here about what to do. Clearly decide what you want so that it comes to you now. Okay. This might have a little bit of resonating from yesterday's reading, making up a decision. So I feel like somebody here is definitely making a decision about what they want in their life as far as their relationship goes.  What else do you have here? Letting go of control issues. Okay. So I feel like there was someone that you may have connected with or you may be connecting with who's very controlling. And just kind of like trying to dictate or direct the way a relationship or a situation. I don't know why I said situations. I hope you're not in that, but trying to direct the way things should go because they were undecided. I feel like you may have had a connection or currently do with a person with a person who maybe kept you hanging on because they couldn't decide. They may have just kind of danced around you or danced around the relationship because they weren't sure they couldn't make up their mind about whatever being committed, being in a relationship, maybe they were looking at other options. But I feel like that was a way of controlling this relationship. And now it seems like somebody here is letting go of these control issues, allowing things to just unfold naturally to make a decision now. Okay. So someone is making a decision here. All right. So some of you might have asked somebody, you know, had that conversation. Well, where is this relationship heading? What are we? Should we keep dating or should, you know, and I feel like perhaps there was an energy of like, well, I'm not sure. Or I'm still undecided or I don't want to commit, but I don't want to lose you. And a lot of that energy, I feel like was playing out, maybe playing out still, but going through the rest of September into October, there's definitely going to be a shift here. I feel like somebody is making up their mind. Okay. So let's get into this reading and see what other messages are showing up here. Okay. Yep. The talk is coming. Clarity. There's communication happening here with someone. Okay. You're getting some truth from somebody here. This is like, for me, well, not often, but as of right now, they just gave me a light bulb. I'm seeing a light bulb. Like I have an idea, a light bulb moment. Aha. Okay. So this is definitely victory clarity truth. So I do feel like there's going to be conversations that are going to start. Somebody's going to initiate a conversation with you about a decision that they're making. Let's get more into this and see what else is going on here. Okay. Yeah. Somebody here is strategizing. We have a lot of sort energy, so there could be a connection with an air sign. So this is strategizing. This is like, okay, how can we do this? Negotiations and talks. It's a very intellectual, verbal kind of thing going on. Someone speaking from the mind, not so much to the heart, but speaking from like their thoughts and ideas and trying to figure out a way to make something work here with you. And this is coming from them. Okay. If you notice this person in this picture. Wait, let me see if I can get a good focus because sometimes my camera wants to work. You see in the background there on the right, there are two sorts, which means compromise, making a decision. Okay. And carrying these five swords means that this person is shutting out and cutting out distractions. Okay. In order to resolve some issues here in a connection. Okay. Let's see what else is going on. What else does Virgo need to know about this person? Wow. Yeah. So look at all this sword energy. It's amazing. Three of swords here. Okay. Hmm. I feel like this person is trying to recover. Remember I was saying there's two swords here. So I feel like this person and look to these two swords here, one sword here, having some conversations about somebody's going to tell you they're sorry if they, you know, broke your heart or if they cause discord or arguments or, you know, trouble. You know, if there's apology as well for, it's a verbal apology for any backstabbing or anything that they might have done. If there was a third party or any kind of cheating. I feel it just feels like somebody here whom you're connecting with. They're coming in with a broken heart as well. This person. Why is this person have a broken heart? Okay. Yeah. So this person kind of, all right. What's the word they're giving me? It feels like in doing with that I'm hearing in doing what they did. Let me see. In doing what they did, they actually broke their own heart because why maybe you left or you said you're not, you know, it's there might have been a separation or you walked away from something, right? This person came in with that night of wants and I feel like they're coming in now with that same passion and energy to resolve this relationship or resolve whatever problems had occurred in this connection. Okay. Hello. Focus. Hello. I feel like my, my screen has ADD. There we go. Okay. So now that's the first fire energy you have here. So this person's coming in with like a very strong, passionate desire summit. This person, whoever they are, there could be a fire sign and air sign. They are very passionate about you and the intensity with which they're coming in to talk with you is quite profound.  This person, like they're coming in with this happily ever after here. I feel like just heard, I choose you Pikachu. What the heck? Okay. I don't know if there was this decision between two people. There might have been, um, other type of third party interference. So that for some of you, that could have been other external influences like other people, places or things that this person was making a priority in their life over you. Why was this person like that? There was a lot of avoidance. Okay. I always say there's only two reasons why someone isn't able to attain what they want. One, they fear they're not worthy of it or two, they just don't want it bad enough. Now in your case, it could be one of those, but there could also have been other ex dentuating circumstances or obstacles that was blocking this person from moving forward with you. Okay. It seems to me or they may have put obstacles in between the two of you. They might have done that on purpose. That might have been part of the control issue. Okay. So it feels like this person is coming in for that full commitment, joy, happiness, you know, completion and love and emotion with you. Okay. So expect a conversation from someone from, there's your sign from this time as you're listening to the reading going into October, there's going to be a big shift and a tell all truth and a tell all. Okay. So Virga, you have the nine of pentacles. That's your energy. Your, I just heard building in silence. You're doing you. You have this thing with yourself where some of you were doing like your level up in your life or you're continuing on with that, working very hard. I mean, you're looking really, really good Virgo. Some of you got out of a relationship or removed yourself from the situation and for a time to work on self and you may have gone into deep reflection. I know we've been talking about that and especially in the mercury retrograde, that energy may have been playing out for you. Like what do you want? What are you working on? What are you working towards? Yeah.  This could have just been someone that you were dating or talking to for not a very long time for others. You know, it very well could be the person that you just, whoever it is that you have on your mind at this time, that is what should be resonating for you. Okay. Or you should resonate with in this reading. Let me see. Okay. Yeah. Virgo, I just feel like your, your position right now in your life and what's going on with you is you're like looking out on the horizon. You're making plans for your future. You're looking to see maybe do some traveling. You're, I just kind of feel like you're living your best life and you're not looking back. You're looking forward to see what's out there. What else is out there in your life? Okay. Let's see. Virgo, maybe that is kind of lighting a fire under somebody's butt about the connection. Some of you might have just said, yeah, I'm going to like go control issues too and make a decision to just keep moving forward, you know, moving on.  So keep that in mind. Okay. But it looks to me like, oh yeah, like eight of cups.  Okay. Eight of cups can be a card of temporary separation with always with a return. So some of you just kind of, or somebody here, one of you Virgos is just focusing on self, looking, looking at the moon, making your wishes, setting your intentions for what you want for your life, your personal goals in your life and, you know, that kind of energy and really not trying to chase down any kind of relationship at this time. Right.  Some of you just decided to look away or look the other direction, look in the other, look in a different direction. Okay. Yeah. So four of pentacles. So Virgo, you're definitely right now in this position of what's mine is mine. And I'm not, I'm not opening up to anything or anyone until I know that it's right for me or that it's a bloody stump moment. You know, I feel like if somebody comes to your door or reaches out to you, you know, you're going to, you'll open the door, but your heart is blocked. Look at that. You're, you might be more like deflective, but you're very grounded. I see in any decisions that you're going to be making this person is coming in though pretty damn quickly with the knight of swords, fast communication, a lot of communication, a lot of conversation. They want to talk to you. They want to open up. They want to either tell you like to strategize, re strategize something to figure something out. You know, there could be an apology or just some conversation about. Okay. Interesting.  If they are aware, if you told them or if you tell them, you know, that they put you on the back burner and that was very hurtful. King of Swords is here. So you guys, I was talking about a lot of air energy. This person could have air placement in their chart somewhere very strongly. I could have air in their Venus or in their moon or they could be an air sign or just be presenting air in rising as someone who presents like an air sign. Very intellectual conversation. A lot of opening up and a lot of truth telling coming forward here, Virgo. So what you do with that? Some of you might just say, sorry, it's too late. The door is closed and so is my heart. And some of you might just kind of sit there with that closed door and closed heart and sit on the step and say you can't come in. But if you want to talk, I'm not opening my heart, but you can talk. I'll listen. Hello. Hello. Focus. Yeah. So up to you, Virgo, you can change the outcome of these readings, of course. Let me just take a look and see. Island time. Okay. The phoenix, new phase, rekindling, renewal. Okay. Transformation, growth, changed mind. All right. So that is definitely the energy playing out here on both sides. Some of you might have changed your mind and you're walking away and this person has changed their mind and they're coming in. Okay. Or you might change your mind about this situation or give someone another like an opportunity to maybe talk and I'll see you opening your heart back up and I'll see you jumping back into anything with anyone or pursuing anything here. Okay. But I do feel like a rekindling is happening. That's like someone's trying to light the the wick, the candle, the light. Someone's trying to reignite something here with you. Have a new phase here with you. Start over or just have growth and change. Okay.  All right. So this person likes you. They want to. So romance is blooming, fun flirting. This person wants to date you. They still want to date you. If you're dating somebody currently and there's kind of been a blip on the radar. Or this is someone, like I said, that you had a connection with prior. This person still has a thing for you. Okay.  They want to continue this romance so that it blossoms and blooms would be, you know, they want to flirt. They want to, you know, date you more exclusively. Try to get something going here with you. Oh my goodness. Wedding rings. Okay. Union. Yeah. Ten of cups is here. So I do feel like this person does want to have that happily ever after with you. You are it for them. Okay. Marriage. Soul connection. Eternal love. Everlasting promises. Gosh. Virgo. Gosh. Gosh. Gosh. You're just going to have to let this play out. I just saw the spying online card under the deck here. And then I shuffled it. So this person might be watching you. But also the past returns here. You have endure and be patient. Victory recognition and applause. Okay. So somebody's definitely recognizing you or seeing your victories, your recognition. They're watching somehow some way they see or they hear or somebody's telling them or people are talking to them about you or they're asking questions or you're presenting as someone who's in a victory. Someone standing in like a victory pose. Somehow some way. Okay. Love offer. There's the spying and deception. Okay. Yeah. So I feel like somebody's just kind of been hiding and trying to they've been, I'm hearing sneaking a peek to see how you're doing and they're loving it. They're really loving it.  I don't, I don't need you. I want you, but I don't need you. They see people who are, you know, they're looking at you like, that's a six of one's energy.   You wanna piece of me? You wanna piece of me? You talking to me? You wanna piece of me? You to me? You wanna piece of me? That's what I feel like it's going on here. Okay, material wishes being granted. Hmm, interesting.   You have a lot more than this other person has. Like, it feels like, like one thing we know about Virgo, right? You show up as a king and queen of pentacles. You do have your abundance and you do have your material abundance and material wealth, okay? Now, I'm not saying this person is looking for a sugar mama or a sugar daddy, okay? But there is, you do show your success. You wear it in some ways. You show it in some ways and it's very attractive to this person because you don't come across as someone who is materialistic in the sense where you're seeking only someone for their money or their goods. This person realizes they see about you that you provide for yourself, okay? Cupid's arrows, love messages, travel, sweet text message. So for them, it's kind of like being with you and all of your integrity and your good heart and all that stuff. You know, the bonus is they want to share the wealth or share in the wealth that you've acquired. Does that mean that this person doesn't have any wealth? No, it doesn't mean that at all. It's just that this person looks at you and they see that you are capable and that you're not a leech. I don't know why that is important to this person but they view you as someone who is just not looking to be with them for their wealth or for only the things that they can provide and they're very attracted to this about you, okay? So Cupid's arrows is here. Like I said, there's going to be a lot of communication. First, it'll start with like conversation talking about things but then, you know, we start getting into the flirty, start getting into the love messages, the sweet texts, you know, there would be talk about some travel, that kind of stuff. It's interesting, Virgo, because I kind of feel like... I feel like... Sorry, hold on. I feel like for you, you're good. You're okay. I just get a sense where you're like, okay, all right.  You could be meeting someone during this time period that I gave you and you could just start kind of talking with them and hanging out with them and meeting up for drinks and dinner and stuff like that and then it abruptly ends throughout the course of the end of September through October and this person kind of makes a B-line back in your direction, right? For some of you, it's all a matter of how you just disconnect, you know? If you... If somebody just disappears or goes, so they just run away or they don't say anything or they do tell you they don't want to date and your reaction, your reaction is everything. So if you react with calling them 100 times a day, trying to get answers, getting angry, freaking out, all that stuff, that was just going to kind of take a lot longer to repair a relationship because now we've added all this extra stuff to it. If you just kind of said, okay, I'm sorry, feel that way, take care, wish you all the best. For those of you who did that, it's like what? And for those of you who did give a little sass and cause a little bit of problem, maybe that just delayed things, but it still is a return. All right, let's take a look at the Chinese sign. See what the messages are and then we're going to end the reading. All right, year of the snake. Year of the goat. Year of the rooster. Year of the tiger. It's the eye of the tiger. The ox. Year of the monkey. Year of the rabbit. And year of the pig. So that could be you, could be your person. Could be both of you, one of you, none of you, so on and so forth. All right, you guys, so I'm going to do the charms and all that stuff later next time. So I hope you enjoy this reading. Have a great, happy birthday and or a great Monday and Tuesday and I'll see you guys tomorrow. Take care.


Hello, this is Kim Doherty, career consultant for the San Jose State University High School. I'd like to welcome you to today's career podcast where we're going to be interviewing Chris Coughlin, whose title is Director of User Experience for Atten Design Group, and that's A-T-E-N. Chris describes herself as a UX architect devoted to balancing user needs and business goals. Just a side note here, when we talk about user experience, we usually use the shorthand of UX just because it makes it go faster. So I'm guessing that as Chris talks with us today, she's going to be using that phrase and I wanted you to be aware of what it was. So I've been fortunate to know Chris for many, many years and during that time have learned enough about the user experience discipline from her to be absolutely fascinated by it, but I'm always ready to learn lots more from Chris and one of the reasons I am is because this is a discipline that is constantly evolving and being used in different ways because the basic concept is so applicable to many, many different types of situations. So I'm happy to have Chris join us so you can also get a sense of what user experience involves and how it's used in all sorts of organizations to improve user interactions. With that, I'd like to say welcome, Chris. Thanks. I'm really excited to be here. Thank you, Chris. So I get to pummel Chris with a whole bunch of questions now. So the first one is I know the term user experience or UX means a lot of different things based on how the specific organization interprets those concepts behind user experience. So could you tell us a bit about how your group uses UX and how it is using it to help meet the strategic goals of the company? Sure, absolutely. So it might be helpful if I start a little bit with kind of the way how I see UX for the web specifically. And really I see that as hauling into two different buckets. You have people that are working for a company where they are doing all of that user experience work in-house. That means that they are doing that UX work for a given product or service that that particular company is actually producing. However, in our case, as an agency, we are producing artifacts for this user experience that go for all of our clients, all the people that we are working with. So we're thinking about UX from the perspective of our clients, which are nonprofits and higher ed institutions, not so much for us ourselves. Although we do a little bit of work for ourselves as well in the UX realm. With that in mind, we are thinking about creating UX experiences or good user experiences for websites or web applications. This means that you are thinking about a product that you have on the web and not something physical like a device that you're holding or a watch that you have on or even any kind of other wearables. We're thinking about what you would see on a screen in your browser, on a computer, on your phone, or a tablet. And when we think about that from the perspective of really balancing that those needs between those users as well as those organizations. Again, we work primarily with nonprofits and higher ed institutions. We're thinking about how that experience really meets those end users while keeping those business goals of that organization in mind. Obviously, nonprofits and higher ed institutions are very focused on impact of some kind. And so they are trying to tell their story to those users and get those users involved in their own mission as an organization. And so that experience is what does that actually look like for those different users? How can they have a conversation together on a website or in a web application when they're not even actually physically talking to each other? So Chris, would an example of that be I'm a potential student for say an MLIS program, I go to the school's website and I'm interested in what programs they offer through their MLIS degree. And what you're doing is you're the person or the user experience architect who helps structure what that interaction looks like. From my end as I'm going in as a potential student searching for information. Absolutely, you're completely correct on that. Cool, okay, and do you guys do any work for libraries in terms of higher ed? Would you be looking at academic libraries or is it pretty much the institutional sort of goals as a whole? Like University of Denver or University of Iowa? Yeah, that's a great question. So we've worked with a variety of different departments including a few libraries as well as institutions and individual schools within a university setting. So for example, we worked with the Case Western Reserve University's College of Engineering, but we've also worked with Stanford's OIA, which is the Office of International Affairs to build a product for them. Cool, okay, so I think we sort of get the concept of how UX works. Can you tell us a little bit about your specific responsibilities and maybe what a, and I know this is, you're probably laughing when you hear this, what a typical day or week or month looks like for you, because I'm guessing you actually don't have typical anything. But if you could sort of give us a sense of what your activities look like. Yeah, I think that's a really great question. And it's always funny to me to hear somebody say, what is a typical day or week or month look like for you? Because in my thinking, I always talk about it from the life cycle of a product. So starting at the very beginning of the project, I work really closely with our director of accounts who does a lot of business development work or cells, as many people call it. And we work really closely to define out what it is that we're going to be actually building. So we define a scope of work, essentially. And once we actually start an engagement with one of those clients, then it goes directly to my team, or me specifically, to do a lot of discovery work with the client. So that discovery work is really a time for us to explore all the opportunities for this given project or product that we're going to be building with this organization. So we do a lot of research through the form of surveys, interviews, workshops, discussions, etc., to really understand who this organization is, to understand who their users are, and to understand what we're trying, what kind of product we're trying to build. And Chris, when you're doing that, are you doing that on site with the client or is most of that online? Yeah, that's a great question too. Most of that up front in the very beginning is through a video call using Zoom, like we are today, and that really is there too, so that we can actually physically see each other as we're having these conversations, but we're not in the same room. Many of our clients actually are on the East Coast or West Coast, or even some in the Midwest. So it would be a lot of travel to actually go there and spend all the time with them, because this process usually takes between four and eight weeks. The discovery process or the complete project? The discovery process. Okay. Yeah, so we are trying to figure out who that organization is, who their users are, what their preferences are, and what kinds of content we need in order to tie those two together to really have that conversation. Okay, and then are you involved in creating the content? Yes, so after we do that research or that discovery work, then we move into what we call our information architecture phase, and that phase of the project is really a time for us to take all of that discovery work, all that research that we have done, and start to form a vision for what this product or what this project is going to look like. So we're really starting to create an actual structure for that website or web application. And we do that through creating a site map, which is simply a hierarchical list of all the different pages that you would see on that website or in that web application. And we do that through wireframing, which is essentially the blueprints, like if you were going to build a house, it would be the blueprints of that. So each page of the site. And we'll work directly with our designers, our visual designers, and our developers to ensure that we are creating a vision that is going to be actually usable for one, accessible as well as performant, and just works functionally. And then at what point do you start sort of having your client interact with drafts? Or how do you test out, okay, we think we've got a good draft sort of beta here of what this should look like. How do you test that? Yeah, so there are a lot of different ways that we will test that. And we call that user testing or usability testing in the user experience world. And that can vary a lot based off of what it is that we're trying to test exactly. So we might test a site map to ensure that an individual can actually drill down, especially if our site map ends up having like three or four different layers to it. We test to make sure that a user can get to that individual piece of information. For example, a lot of libraries have events. And if we want to make sure that our user can find an event for their new baby, she's looking for a story time for a one or two year old. And we want to make sure that they can find that information by drilling down into the site. So their first step might be to go to the main navigation of a website, of the library's website too, and click on events. And then they might say, okay, now I want to filter these events to a certain age group. And so we create tests to make sure that they can go, they can drill down into that information. Okay. And then do you have, when you said you create tests to do that, are you having those tests be done by your internal team, or are you actually bringing in people who might be users of that type of product and testing it with them? Yeah, as much as possible, we bring in true end users. So when we're working with a library, for example, we partner with our core project team, which comes from that organization. For example, when we were partnering with the Nashville Public Library, we did a site map test, like I just explained, with some of their end users. They found, I believe it was 10 to 15 different users, patrons that come into their library regularly. They found those 10 to 15 people and had them take this usability test using online software called Treejack, which is part of the optimal workshop suite of products. Huh. That is so cool. That just sounds like fun. And I, having done a number of websites myself, and I will say this to our listeners, not using Chris's expertise, unfortunately. It would have been much wiser had we done so. It's really interesting to realize how differently a user navigates a website than perhaps someone putting together that website would assume they would approach it. So that sounds like a really smart way to test out your assumptions. Yeah, it is. I also find it really interesting when you can see the difference between those end users and the staff at the organization. We did a card sorting exercise, and a card sorting exercise is where we hand out a bunch of different cards with terms on them and have users group them in however they feel like actually works together, categorizing them. And we did a card sorting exercise with the Richland Library out of South Carolina. We did one test with their staff members and one test with a group of customers that they have. And the results were very different. And the staff even came to us afterwards and said, I can't believe that that is how those customers would actually group these cards together. What were they thinking? That's fascinating and makes a lot of sense because as people who come out of sort of the information organization work world, we tend to look at information differently. And normal people who don't have that background would. What a cool experience to go through. Yeah, definitely. Okay. So then you're at this point in your project. What happens next? Yeah. So after we have done all that discovery work and we have created that structure, done that information architecture phase, and we've done some testing, we hand over our wireframes or our structure for our site to our visual designers on the team who add in all the aesthetics as well as really truly make it usable. So in the case where I'm like trying to figure out how to structure going back to that events example, how to structure those, they will actually use their incredible graphic design skills, which I wish I had, to show the hierarchy between different types of content. For example, the title of an event might have a heavier weight to it than a tag like the audience tag. Again, using that age group as an example. And they'll make that in a way that is really usable and scannable by the user, by that customer. And they'll also put a lot of work into those, what we call UI elements or user interface elements. And those elements could be like the form fields on a form that you were filling out or a dropdown or even check boxes versus radio buttons. So they put a lot of effort into really making sure that the product is 100% usable. And then we hand that off essentially to our developers. We really do stay like the entire project team is involved the entire project. I will say that it sounds like we're handing these off but really the questions are coming up constantly as we are going through this entire process. And in any given say month, how many clients projects are you working on? That's a really good question. So at Atten we kind of have two different sides of our company. We have a full project team which is really the process that I have been going through with you on this call so far. And we also have what we call our consulting team. And consulting team is really there to look at an existing project or product, a website, web application, and see how we can improve that. So they might be sending me a couple of tasks each week for different clients that they are working on. So I work on like usually one to three from that side. And then I'm working as well on two full projects at least at a time. Wow. Yeah. Because I'm on our leadership team, I only work on like two full projects at a time. But when my employee, my director report, she is actually working usually on three or four full projects at one time. Oh my gosh. Okay. And so when you think about all of those different things that you do, and I know that your job has sort of evolved over the years, but I'm guessing the answer to this is probably pretty similar across all of your different areas. What jobs for what you do, what skills would you say are most in demand in the kind of role that you have as a UX architect? Yeah. I definitely think the ability to do that research and really understand how to do data synthesis is huge. So being able to go out and interview somebody, being able to know how to write a survey that doesn't lead the user in a particular direction or really allows them to give their preference is key. That's really so. The ability to gather information with that sort of frame working it or biasing it in the manner that you ask for that information. Yep. Okay. And then taking that data and being able to conceptualize those ideas to the client. Wow. Okay. So remind me, and I'm asking Chris this question because she was in the same grad school program that I teach in. Chris, did you take a UX class while you were in grad school? So I did not take one that was specifically called UX or user experience. But there were two courses that I took that I think had a huge impact and do fall in to the UX realm. And the first one was a class called Content Management. And that was really a way for us to understand how to use an online content management system and how to essentially put in content into that system so that it would be displayed out on a website. And we actually had to build a website using Drupal during that course. And then the other course that I took is the Information Architecture course. And that was really, it really expanded beyond just information architecture being that structure to a lot of that user research that I was talking about earlier. Okay. So if someone wanted to look at this field, these are two areas that would be useful for them to dig into more deeply or take courses in. Yes, absolutely. Okay, very cool. So since you went through that and you graduated and you started your career, what other skills do you feel like you had to learn in order to be able to, I would say, flourish in your area? Could have grow into what it needed you to be able to do? Yeah, I think there were four big ones that come to mind. First is absolutely that interviewing skill. Okay. I really never got that in grad school. And I didn't really know how to quite approach a person in a way that was going to give me the information that I needed. I will actually say that the, what was the name of that? Course. The one where you did the reference interview? Yes, that one. As you say, it was taught by Scott Brown at WU and I can't even think of the actual name, but maybe it was just reference. And I think every school has a different name for what it is, but it's basically, we're talking about the course where you talk about how to do a good reference interview. Absolutely. That one I would say gave me the most during grad school, but then I ended up taking a workshop on interviewing through a local agency here in Denver, Colorado, where I really truly learned much more skills on that interview process and diving in a little bit deeper, trying to get those people to tell me a little bit more each time. Interesting. And I'm guessing a large part of that is attentive listening. Yes, absolutely. Yeah. And just trying to like keep saying, this is what I'm hearing. Tell me more. That's such a good phrase. I have to remember that. All right. So the first one was your interviewing skill. What was the next one? The next one I would say is presenting. So we have to sell our work to our clients every time. And when we do that, we need to back that up by that research that we did. And really honestly, this just was a learned skill by having to do it over and over again. I don't really have any good tips necessarily, but absolutely practicing it over and over, trying to understand what it is you're saying, getting feedback from others is definitely helpful. Okay. The third one would be leading workshops. So this, I think, is really key in, well, at least for the company that I'm working with, because we go, a lot of times we will go on site to lead workshops or we'll do them remotely again over video chat. And being able to kind of, again, draw that information out of these people is really key for that. So understanding the whys behind everything. So when I talk about leading a card sorting workshop, it's not just about giving them the instruction, but being able to ask them these follow-up questions of why did you organize it that way? Where were you stuck? Okay. And then the fourth skill that I've had to learn from my particular position is really management skills. And that falls mostly under the fact that I am serving on our leadership team and I do lead our digital strategy team. So helping my direct report know how to do her work and being able to lead that from the perspective of leading our UX practice as well as also knowing how to best support her. That's a challenge. Someone was asking me about project management, which clearly you are involved in, but I have always found that the project management piece of it was always easier than the people management piece of it, but and to your point, you kind of learn it as you go. But if you care about the people you're managing, you sort of start learning how to do it well. So that makes complete sense to me. Okay. So next question, and this is in regards to UX, are there any changes on the horizon for the UX discipline or sort of a conceptual approach that you feel will have a strong impact on the work and or opportunities of information professionals who may be interested in this? Yes, I think the biggest one is that more and more companies are really bringing their UX work in-house. You know, not many years ago, most companies and organizations hired an agency to help with their user experience design and development. And now you're seeing more and more people really embracing that for their own teams in-house and expanding not just the web, but to other areas. You'll see that a lot in libraries as well. Many of the larger like public library systems and academic library systems have a web team. And those people will either be like full stack and when I say full stack, I mean they do user experience, they do design, they do development, they do project management, or what I'm seeing even more, those teams growing and you have those individual disciplines on different people within that team. Okay. So say for example, a really large urban library might have someone in their web team who is their UX specialist? That's correct. Interesting. Good to know because I think that's happening in a lot of areas like legal discipline, like private practice law firms are seeing that a lot of their clients are bringing their legal work in-house as well. So do you see any impact from AI on UX work? Yeah, definitely. Excuse me, AI, artificial intelligence and machine learning and that kind of thing. Yes, thank you for clarifying that too. I definitely do and that was going to be my other point was that definitely as technology is changing as more of this artificial intelligence is coming into play, we have to start thinking about like how does this experience on just like this website expand in other areas and how can we predict why users actually need even more. Because I work mostly in the nonprofit world and higher ed world, we haven't seen that grow as quickly as a company that might be focused more on like e-commerce would, but I totally see it growing even more. Okay, that makes a lot of sense to me. It's going to be interesting to see how that plays out. And then before we wrap up, I'm going to hit you with the what advice would you give to students' question? So and I'm prefacing this with Chris by saying that Chris has had a very unusual career and taken her knowledge in this incredibly cool direction and used her information skills and her MLIS degree to do something that's very unusual but a very high level application of the knowledge that she graduated with and then layered on to later with additional skills. So with that sort of preface, Chris, what advice would you give to students or recent graduates from MLIS programs in terms of where they might take their careers, what they might open themselves up to in terms of opportunities? What have you found has been the most useful for you? Yeah, that's a great question. So I feel like in my own library degree, so many of the classes were very theory heavy, which was great because you really get to understand like that foundation then. But what I found most helpful was going out and getting that hands-on experience. So I ended up attending tons of workshops in my final year, especially of grad school as well as immediately after. I also attended a ton of conferences and events and meetups to really start to get to know other people that are working in the industry as well as learning additional skills. So I think if you are interested in user experience especially, then the more that you can find real times that you can actually dive into it and try it out, the better it's going to be for you. And this is advice that I give to people that are new to UX all the time. So there's tons of events all around that are happening. There's a ton of conferences. One of my favorite events that happens every year in February is the World IA Day or World Information Architecture Day. If you can be involved in one of those, I absolutely encourage you to as well as if there's any meetups that are in your area, I would absolutely encourage you to go to those, meet people, get those skill sets, have discussions and challenge everything. That's excellent advice and I have never heard anyone recommend meetups. But that's an incredibly smart way to learn from people who are doing it or who are exploring it and to build a professional network in an area where you might not already have that network because most of the people you know are in the LIS field. That's a great, great recommendation. Well, I hate to bring this to a close because I could ask Chris questions for the next two hours, but we will say thank you so, so much, Chris, for doing this with us and I hope you all have a great day. Thanks again. Talk to you again soon.


July is going to be hotter than ever because you get up to $50 off any smart phone at Appalachian Wireless to your agreement required. Better service, bigger savings, that's today's Appalachian Wireless, an East Kentucky network company. It's not even the middle of summer yet, but the East Kentucky Expo Center in Pikeville is definitely looking forward to the fall. Currently a half dozen big events are on sale at the Expo Center. This is awesome, we've got rock, we've got country, we've got comedy, we've got religion, we've got it all, we've got, if you say that there's nothing that you like on here, I think I can call you out and say you're false. The lineup will kick off with the Taps and Caps beer festival on September 23rd, followed by classic rockers Tesla later that night. From there. Then we get into October 20th, we have Rodney Carrington, October 21st we have Big Church Night Out, all kinds of religious artists on that one, you need to check that one out. And then the latest event to be added to the slate. October 28th, we have Aaron Lewis, Blackberry Smoke, and Alex Williams, that'll be a great show. And then November 10th, we have Gary Allen and Olivia Lane, it's gonna be wild. That's six big shows. We actually could be flirting with a record on how many shows that we have on sale, there's six on sale right now, and at one time that's awesome. So we definitely, we're definitely flirting with that record, I know. We want you here with us at the Expo Center to get all the experience of the live show. And all those shows are good not only for the Expo Center, but for Pikeville as well.  So definitely, we love this, we're creating an economic impact and we're excited to see people excited about all the shows. Tickets for all those events are on sale now at Ticketmaster and at the Expo Center Box Office. In downtown Pikeville, Chris Anderson, EKB News.