Welcome back to our lecture series Math 3130, Modern Geometries for Students at Southern Utah University. As usual, I'll be a professor today, Dr. Andrew Missildine. In lecture 16, we're going to continue our discussion of the congruence axioms and focus on the idea of a congruence geometry. Just as a reminder, in lecture 14, we introduced three axioms about congruence of line segments. We had segment translation, transitivity of congruence for segments, and then we had segment addition. But then in lecture 15, when we talked about congruence of angles, well sure, we had an axiom about angle translation, we had an axiom about transitivity of angle congruence, but we didn't take angle addition as an axiom. We actually took something better, the side angle side axiom. But I then also argued, or at least mentioned in the video at the time, that all of the properties about segment congruence we had would also be true for angle congruence. And in particular, in this video, we're going to prove that angle addition is in fact a theorem of the axioms we have set up here. Now, we're going to basically use many of the axioms for congruence, particularly the segment side of things like segment translation, what have you. But there's this connection between angle congruence and segment congruence. And this is where we're going to utilize these connections to actually prove angle addition here. So what does it mean to add to angles? Because we don't have any operation, we don't have measurement here. What does it mean to add angles? Well, imagine we have some rays, BA, BC, BD, these are clearly concurrent arrays, because they all have the same vertex of B. And let's say that BC is between BA and BD, with our usual notion of betweenness of angles here. So we might get something like the following. So we'll have like BA, BC, BD, something like this, and I'll label the points so we can remember. The vertex was, of course, B. These are rays, we have some point A, we have some point C, and then we have some point D. So these are just the first of our assumptions here. Okay, then we also have some other, some other ones, some other rays that is we have B prime, A prime, B prime, C prime, and the ray B prime, D prime. These are also concurrent arrays as they have the common vertex of B prime in all three situations. And let's likewise assume that B prime, C prime is a ray sitting between B prime, A prime, and B prime, D prime. So I'm going to scooch up the screen just a little bit, so we have a little bit more space to draw. But we're basically going to get the exact same picture that we had before. We have these three rays, like so they are rays because they do extend beyond what we see potentially right here. So we have B prime, we have some A prime like so, some C prime like here, and some D prime like so. So we have this setting, so B prime, C prime is in fact between the other two. So that's just the basic setup now for the addition part. Suppose that the angle ABC is congruent to the angle A prime, B prime, C prime. So we have these two angles right here are going to be congruent. And let's also suppose that the angle CBD is congruent to the angle C prime, B prime, D prime. So CBD would be this one right here. And we're going to assume it's congruent to this one. So these are the assumptions here for the angle addition. The conclusion is that the angle ABD is congruent to the angle A prime, B prime, D prime. So we're going to prove that this angle is congruent to this angle. And this is the analogous statement when we consider like angle addition versus segment addition. So the first thing we want to do because in order to get angle addition, we're going to have to use side angle side. And as such, we have to form triangles with congruent sides. Segment translation can help us out here. So because of segment translation, without the loss of generality, we can assume that the segment BA is congruent to the segment B prime A prime. Because if we take the segment BA, we can translate it down here. And that's going to give us some point A double prime, so that B prime A double prime is congruent to the segment BA. And so given that the point A prime was just giving the direction of the ray and A prime, A double prime is another point on the array. We can swap A prime with A double prime. And so without the loss of generality, we can assume the segment AB is congruent to A prime B prime. By similar reasoning, we can also assume without the loss of generality that the segment BC is congruent to the segment B prime C prime. And the segment BD is likewise congruent to B prime D prime. Again, this is a consequence of segment translation. Next, we're going to play around with the crossbar theorem. So by the crossbar theorem, we can assume that the point CD is between, excuse me, that the point C is between A and D. So I'm actually going to fix my picture a little bit because if we look at the angle ABD, by the crossbar theorem, there's going to be some point of intersection between the ray BC with the segment AD. And so without the loss of generality, we can assume that C is that point itself. So actually, let me clean this thing up a little bit to match up with what I'm suggesting here. Filling my gaps a little bit. It's a little bit crude, but I hope it's okay. So we can actually assume that C is the point that, so that these three points A, C and D are all collinear and C is between them. But then again, from our previous assumptions, we have that the segment BC is congruent to the segment B prime C prime. Now I want you to be aware, this isn't actually part of the proof, but this is more of just a word of caution. Be aware that we can't assume yet that C prime is between A prime D prime because that would be assuming too much. We can assume the betweenness of A, C and D, but because of segment translation, we're not ready to say that C prime is between D prime and A prime. I mean, that will be the case, but we don't know that yet. And so we can't go beyond the mark there. So we can assume congruence of these segments by segment translation, and we can assume betweenness of the points ADC because of the crossbar theorem. So now we're in a situation for which we can talk about triangle congruences. So what are the triangles that are going to be congruent here? So I first want us to consider the triangle A, B, D, excuse me, ABC like so. So I'm actually going to add a little segment here. So look at the triangle ABC versus A prime B prime C prime. So when we look at what we have here, we have a side. We have an angle. We have a side. So by side angle side, these triangles are going to be congruent to each other. And that's what's mentioned right here. In particular, because corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent, we have that the angle ACB is congruent to the angle A prime C prime B prime. Sorry about the typo there, how to fix it in the middle of the lecture. Whoops a daisy. Anyways, but let's also look at another triangle congruence. If we look at the triangle CBD, so we connect these dots right here, connect these dots right here. Again, side angle side is going to come into play here because we assume that these sides are congruent, these angles are congruent, and these sides are congruent. So again, by side angle side, we're going to get that this triangle here is congruent to this triangle here. And so again, as corresponding parts of, excuse me, corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent, we get that the angle DCB is going to be congruent to the angle D prime C prime B prime. Like so. Now in the situation of these ones right here, we do know that ACB, ACD are collinear. As my diagram suggests, we don't necessarily know about collinearity between A prime C prime and D prime. That's an important part of this situation. Now, but because we because we know that C is between A and D, we do have that these two angles right here are in fact, supplements of each other. But the problem is, again, we don't know we have collinearity between A prime C prime and D prime. And so that's actually the thing we want to focus on next. Let me zoom out a little bit and so we can look at more of the proof here. So we know that those angles ACB and DCB are in fact, supplements to each other. But let's take a point D double prime, alright, so that we can extend the line A prime C prime so that D double prime is there. So in particular, what I'm suggesting is by by the extension axiom, we do something like the following, we extend this line. And so there's this point D double prime right there. Let me write that again D double prime, like so. And this will give us that C prime sits between A prime and D double prime. In this situation, then, then the angle, the angle A prime C prime B prime has as its supplement, the angle right here, D double prime C prime B prime, like so. And so then we have that remember these angles are congruent right here. Their supplements are located here and here. It turns out as we've proven previously that the supplements of congruent angles are congruent. So we can conclude that this supplement right here is congruent to this supplement right here, which I'm going to use the color scheme we had from before. We're going to get something like this. Okay, now this picture seems a little bit weird, right? Because when you look at the ray, the ray C prime B prime, we have two angles on the same side of the line that are congruent to each other, that by the uniqueness of angle, by the uniqueness of angle translation suggests that these angles actually must be one and the same thing. Because after all, they're congruent to each other because they're both congruent to the angle DCB angle transitivity comes into play here. So these two angles are congruent to each other, they're living on the same right in the same half plane. Therefore, it must be that D prime and D double prime are actually one and the same point because they're on the same side of the line, which then actually means we can correct the picture since these two things are the same, then it actually means that D prime was always collinear with C prime and A prime like we had originally suggested. We did have to provide an argument of that. Okay, so by the uniqueness of angle translation, D prime and D double prime are the same point. Therefore, the segment C prime D prime and the segment C prime and C double prime are actually the same segment. We have A, we have A, C, D and D double prime are all collinear because again D prime and D double prime are the same point. So we get that C prime is between A prime and D prime because D prime and D double prime are the same point. So we have a four-stat collinearity happening there. So once we have the collinearity, then and only then can we use the angle addition to get us that A D and A prime D prime are the same point. So as we try to fix this diagram, it turns out that the segment B prime D prime really looks more, that's just not to say the segment, but the ray A prime D prime really looks something more like this and I'm going to color this stuff in. So this looks just like a single prime now. We can sort of ignore these things right here. We did have this congruence here like so. In particular, we have that the segment, oh, what are we on right now in our Roman numerals? So the segment A, C was congruent to the segment A prime C prime and we also have that the segment, the segment D, C is congruent to D, excuse me, the segment D C, yeah, is congruent to D prime C prime, which gives you that one. And so then finally, segment addition happens here that the segment AD is congruent to the segment A prime D prime. The big hiccup was were these things collinear? Now we force that they are collinear. So we can make that statement there coming back down here. So we then have this statement AD is congruent to A prime in the segment A prime D prime. So finally, we're going to have one more side angle side here. So we have that AB is congruent to A prime D prime. We have the angle B AC is congruent to the angle B prime A prime C prime.  So this is going to get us that the triangle ABD is congruent to the triangle A prime B prime D prime by side angle side, like so. And so looking at our messy picture right here, the idea is we've then proven by side angle side that the triangle ABD right here is congruent to the triangle A prime B prime D prime like so. Therefore, their corresponding angles are going to be the same for which these angles right here A prime B prime D prime is congruent to ABD. So it took a lot more effort to accomplish it, but we are able to prove angle addition using side angle side translation of segments, but in particular segment addition was used in there. What we had to do basically is we had to turn angle addition into segment addition using side angle side for which then we invoked angle addition to show that two angles were excuse me that we invoke segment addition so that two segments were congruent to each other and then we push it back onto the angle. So it was a little bit round about, but side angle side allows us to connect together angles and the congruence of angles and the congruence of segments. Now I want to point out here that because we now have angle addition, we essentially have all the same axioms for angles congruence that we do for segment congruence. We have segment translation. We have angle translation. We have transitivity of segment congruence. We have transitivity of angle congruence. And then the other axiom for segment congruence was segment addition. Now that we have angle addition, then anything we can prove about segment congruence, we can essentially prove the same thing for angle congruence using the exact same proof. I mean, remember when we first introduced angle congruence, we argued that because we had angle translation, because we had transitivity of angles, we had that angle congruence was an equivalence relation. We use the exact same proof that we did for segment congruence. You just change the appropriate part from segment, from segments to angles. And so as such, all of the theory we've developed about segment congruence is going to translate to angle congruence because we have the same three properties. This is the beauty of the axiomatic method. If you have the same axioms, you get the same theory. Now, yes, there is some slight subtle points that are different between segments and angles, but as we have essentially the same axioms, we'll develop essentially the same theory here. And so I'm going to leave many of these statements as exercises to the viewers, of course. So for example, we have segment subtraction. We also have angle subtraction. You can use the same proof that you do for segment subtraction, which I admittedly also left that as an exercise to the viewer here. Because of that, we can also get angle subtraction. What about linear order? We proved that you can, well, I guess I didn't prove that one either. I stated that you can prove that there's a linear order on segments in a congruence geometry. I left that as an exercise. But by that same proof, you can argue that there's a linear order on angles based upon congruence. Speaking of the total order on angles, let's actually provide the definition, be very explicit about it. Suppose we have two angles, angles ABC and angle DEF. If there exists a ray EP such that P is an interior point to the angle DEF and the angle ABC is congruent to DEP, then we say that the angle ABC is less than the angle DEF. All right, that's a lot to unravel here. So let's try to be very specific here. So we have our two angles, ABC. So here is B, here is A, here is C. And then we have our second angle, maybe somewhere else in the plane who knows where it is. But we're drawing some picture of it. So these are our three points right here. So we'll call this one D, we'll call this one E, and we'll call this one F. So we say the angle ABC is less than DEF. If there exists a point P that's interior to the angle, for which case if we think of the ray, like so in particular with the ray EP is interior to the angle, that's the first thing. The next thing of course has to do with congruence.  Now, we can also say that the angle ABC is less than or equal to DEF. We really should say less than or congruent to, because this symbol right here will mean either ABC is less than DEF in this notion right here, or that the two angles are actually congruent to each other. I'll again leave you to prove that one. I don't want to provide one or the other because that's the same proof. And again, I want to leave that as an exercise for the students here. But what I will do is we did prove this one in the lecture videos. We proved but the between this preservation of segment congruence, I want to show you that this is the same proof. This is the same proof for angle congruence as well. So suppose we have two congruent angles, ABD and A prime B prime D prime. And let's suppose that the ray BC sits in between the rays BA and BD, then there is going to exist a unique ray B prime C prime, that's between B prime A prime and B prime D prime, such that the angles ABC are that's congruent with A prime B prime C prime and the angle CBD is congruent to the angle C prime B prime D prime. So the exact same notion of between this preservation happens there as well. So let's try to sketch a picture to make it easier to follow along. So we're going to have our two angles like so, although one of them has a third ray inside of it. So let's do that one first. We have our three rays, they're all concurrent. It's vertex of B. So we'll call this the ray BA. Here's the ray BD. And then we have some other ray BC like so. And then we have a second angle. Let's put it down here somewhere like so. I'll put little arrowheads on them so that we know they're rays. They continue on. So we have the point B prime here. We have the point A prime here. And we have the point D prime like so. And so by assumption, remember, we have that the angle ABD, which is this angle right here, this is congruent to the angle A prime B prime D prime, which is right here. So those are the assumptions of the problems. And then we have this interior ray right here. So the basic argument, just like we did with segment preservation between us, is we're going to translate this thing over heat down here and then make an argument from there. All right. So using angle translation, we can copy this angle down below here. In particular, there exists some ray that emanates from B prime that's on the same side of the line A prime B prime that D is on. So there's some ray interior to the angle. There's some point C prime associated to that will give us that the angle ABC is congruent to the angle A prime B prime C prime like so. So angle translation gives us exactly that. We did that with the between this preservation of segment of segment congruence. Now again, there is going to be a unique ray such that a unique ray B prime D, excuse me, B prime P such that the angle CBD is congruent to the angle C prime B prime D, P, excuse me. So in this situation, there's some point, I'm going to put it over here. There's some point P like so. So when we consider the ray, it's going through P, try that again, like so that this angle right here, the angle C prime B prime P is congruent to the angle CBD like so. And now I'm calling this point P because I don't know how it's necessarily connected to the point D prime yet, but angle addition, excuse me, angle translation allows us to do that exact same thing. Now this is where angle addition is going to come into the play here. Now since these two angles are congruent to each other, and since these two angles are congruent to each other, for which I should add an extra label so it's clear there, we have we can use angle addition, which we just proved in this video. And this is going to give us that the angle A B D here, let me use a different color here. So we're going to say the angle A B D is congruent to the angle A prime B prime P, like so. Now we already know by assumption, so we already know by assumption that the angle A B D is congruent to the angle right here, A prime B prime D prime, right? So by transitivity of congruence here, we have that the angle A prime B prime D prime is congruent to A prime B prime P because they're both congruent to the same angle. But by uniqueness of angle translation, if I have two angles on the same right in the same half plane, they have to actually be the same equal the ray B prime D prime is actually equal to the ray B prime P so that these two are actually equal to each other. So this this is all happening here. This is actually the ray that we have for all of them. So therefore, we have that a the angle ABC is congruent to the angle A prime B prime C prime, the angle CBD is congruent to C prime B prime D prime. And we have that the angle, excuse me, that the ray B prime C prime sits between B prime A prime and B prime D prime. So putting that all together here, we did in fact put this ray in between it so that these two angles we broke up were congruent to the ones we started with. So between this preservation happens, it was the exact same proof that we did for segment between this preservation. So this is the illustration I want to you want to offer you. So whenever you consider a proof about congruence of segments, because we have the same axiomatic framework for congruence of angles, you can use the exact same proof. And so we can develop basically one of the two notions, because the other one is going to develop the same way. So mostly what we want to then do is develop the interconnections between segment congruence and angle congruence, which particularly means we want to develop the notion of triangle congruence, because that's where you marry together the segment and angle congruence notions.


AM'r hyffordd mor iawn yn ei ddechrau ar Cyfrifol yng Ngolcaf y Llywodraethol yma yn deimlo. Mae'r galio'r ysgol o'r fawr o'r rhannu hynny.  Mae'n gweld i chi'n gwybod, mae'n gweithio'r ysgolion i'r Fynghwys Ilein, oedd gweithio'r gweithio i'r ysgolion i'r pethau a llys i'n gweithio. So, Jennifer Sullivan is Deputy Commissioner at the Data Protection Commission, she is responsible for the international side of things, she's going to give us a speech this evening for about 10, 15 minutes, that's on the record, and then once she's finished up we're going to strengthen the questions, and that's all Charon House, which means you can use the information but just don't reveal who said it or where they said it. So, Jennifer. Great. Good evening everyone. I'm delighted to be here and thanks to Dara and his colleagues for his very kind invitation. Personally very thrilled to be considered relevant to an under 35 age demographic. Obviously a day in the life of the Data Protection Commission could become a fairly expansive topic, and if I was to cover absolutely everything we do with the DPC, I'm not sure really how riveting that would be for me. Instead, what I thought I'd do was take you on a more selective or whistlestop tour of the work of the DPC, mainly focusing on our international and particularly EU facing activities. And I'll even make some stops on that tour at some of the more controversial or thorny issues, just to get them out of the way, I'm sure you'll have questions on those later. I'm looking forward to those questions I think, so we'll leave plenty of time for them. To start off on that tour, if I was to ask each of you what the DPC does, I'm sure you'd each have a different take on that question, and all would likely be very valid. And that's because we actually do have several different roles that we deliver on simultaneously. Every day in our life involves all of those roles. First off, we're a source of information for individuals who just have queries on their data protection rights. Moving on from that, we're an ombudsman effectively when those individuals have actual complaints when their data protection rights are being potentially infringed.  We're also an advisor and a consultation body for organisations. So for example, we must be consulted when there's new legislation being prepared that impacts on personal data processing. Where we've been an approver and an authoriser in certain situations, particularly, for example, in the mechanisms that are used to transfer personal data from the EU to outside the EU. We are a facilitator of organisations, for example, those organisations that are voluntarily trying to demonstrate their accountability using mechanisms like codes of conduct and certification. We're a type of policy setter in terms of how we interpret data protection law, kind of define how it applies to certain contexts, sectors, situations and produce guidance and case studies. We're also an awareness raising body and an educator on data protection rights, on obligations and even on regulation itself. That's for organisations and for individuals and a particular priority for us at the DPC is on educating and awareness raising among children. We do that generally through our website, through social media channels, through traditional media events like this and conferences and so on. And then in our engagement and cooperation with our fellow data protection authorities, we lean on all of our international diplomacy and education and communication skills and I'll come back to that in a while. And then obviously we're a supervisor, we're an investigator, we're an auditor and an enforcer of the law as it relates to data protection. So I'm not sure if you were counting there but that was ten different roles that we have every day. And we do all of that under a very definitive league of framework that's now in place, the main elements being the general data protection regulation or the GDPR, which you've all heard of, and also the Irish Data Protection Act from 2018, amongst other legislation. So on that last role I mentioned in that long, long list, the DPC now has a much expanded set of corrective powers under the GDPR that are available to us and that are to a certain extent prescribed under the Data Protection Act. And obviously the most commented upon of those powers is the administrative fine that's now available to us as a type of sanction. Now you might have seen references to the DPC as the lead regulator in Europe or Europe's data watchdog and so on and so on. And those headlines are linked to something called the one-stop shop model that was introduced under the GDPR. So any organisation is engaged in something called cross-border processing. If it processes personal data that affects individuals in many member states or if that processing is in the context of its activities in its entities across several member states. So under that one-stop shop model I mentioned, an organisation that engages in that cross-border processing since the GDPR was introduced, it's no longer subject to the supervision of every data protection authority in each of the member states it operates in. It's instead subject to the oversight of just one authority, the authority in the member state where it has what's called its main establishment. So generally where the decisions are made on how it processes personal data. So that authority is known as the lead supervisory authority. So the benefit really for those organisations is that for any given infringement that might have effect across many member states, for that one infringement they're only subject to one investigation, they'll have one decision and potentially one sanction. So you can see that there's quite a benefit to organisations from the one-stop shop model. And as I'm sure many of you know, many of the very big international technology firms have their base in Europe here in Ireland, and this is where their decisions are made on how personal data is processed. So that means the DPC is the lead supervisory authority for all of those big tech companies, but also for pharma companies, airlines and so on that have their base here in Europe. So not only do we have that relatively large number of companies for which we're the lead supervisory authority, but given the complexity and extent of those companies processing, given the fact that they generally have a very large user base, the work that we do in supervising those organisations is very extensive and it's very deep. So take a large number of companies, multiply that out by high complexity, and you can possibly see that it adds up to quite a disproportionate regulatory role for the DPC relative to the other data protection authorities in Europe, and that's before you even think about the size of the Irish population or other compartiers. So clearly given all of that, there's no such thing as a typical day at the DPC, but I'll keep going anyway with trying to contrive that for you. First off on any given day, it's very, very likely that there is at least one of us from the DPC in Brussels for a reason. So the body that's known as the European Data Protection Board, or EDPB, is the EU body that's made up of all of the EU's data protection authorities. Also in there are the three data protection authorities from the European Economic Area. There is the supervisor of the European institutions, the European Data Protection Supervisor and the Commission. So one of the EDPB's main tasks is to ensure the consistent application of the GDPR across the EU and the EEA. So there's a whole architecture of 12 subgroups that are specifically responsible for certain provisions and areas of the GDPR or cross-cutting issues. And those subgroups produce guidelines and position papers and opinions and so on. There's also a plenary meeting every month where decisions are actually made, opinions are approved, guidelines are approved and so on. So all of that adds up to over 100 meetings every year in Brussels. So quite a commitment for us and we generally attend all of them. We've also been rapporteur or lead rapporteur and some of the more fundamental guidelines that the EDPB has produced over the last couple of years. And we're also co-co-ordinator of one of those subgroups. Now I'm glad to say that there's a video conference and solution currently being tried. So hopefully we won't hit that 100 limit this year, hopefully. So that's some of the work on the EDPB that has general application. And then there's a mechanism called the cooperation mechanism as well under the GDPR. And that's the other key aspect of the EDPB's role and that relates to the specific cases. So those cross-border complaints and investigations. And this cooperation is part of life of the DPC all day, every day, given our lead supervisory authority status. So I mentioned that under the one-stop shop model. Organisations are generally subject to the supervision of one supervisory authority. And then they effectively have one interlocutor. If you're a complainant and you've lodged a complaint with another supervisory authority, you have that supervisory authority as your own interlocutor. But if you're the lead supervisory authority, you have to engage with the 31 other supervisory authorities. So that's where the pressure is in terms of managing the multiple stakeholders, making sure that communications and information sharing is happening under the GDPR and so on. Because in this model that we have, the other supervisory authorities are said to be concerned if the matter relates to individuals in their member state or if the company perhaps has another establishment there and so on. So the types of organisation that we supervise generally have users in all, EU and EEA member states, so generally we have to engage with all supervisory authorities for every complaint and investigation we deal with. Not only that, the DPC handles about one third of all the cross-border cases in the EU. So those cases, again as I mentioned, being typically very complex. And any one of our enquiries into cross-border processing could involve multiple, multiple mutual assistance requests, consultations, informal consultations under that cooperation procedure. So you can hopefully see how that mechanism keeps us very busy at the DPC, particularly the engine room that is our one-stop shop operations team. And that's without me even getting into the actual complaint handling, the actual investigative work that's being completed every day by a complaint handling and investigation teams. And I would say that this cooperation mechanism is still really evolving in terms of its implementation, in terms of its use and practice. And many of the more novel or interesting or challenging procedures have not even been invoked yet just over one year in. Only 25 decisions in total that relate to cross-border processing have made their way entirely through the EDPB cooperation mechanism. And none of those 25 cases so far have been of high complexity. So our one-stop shop operations team is not the only team in the DPC who's kept busy on the international front with every new headline in the media, every high profile data breach that's announced, every new enquiry that we commence ourselves, our communications and media team is generally inundated with requests for response, requests for interviews. Sometimes they have to clarify some misunderstandings that have arisen. And the majority of those requests that are coming in at this point are from international outlets, given the role of the DPC as a lead supervisory authority in that context. And I suppose we take it that it is important that we provide information where it's in the public interest to do so, both at a national and an international level. So one of the teams of these media stories obviously has related, that you may have seen relates to fines under the GDPR and the DPC has not issued any fines yet. And that's simply because we have not yet issued decisions for those high profile enquiries. And there's a very good reason for this. And those reasons mainly boil down to our need to be fair to all the parties involved. We want to be fair and we must be fair. And we do that by applying very rigorous procedures under that fair procedure principle. I've mentioned the Irish Data Protection Act from 2018 a couple of times. So I'm sure all of you know that as an EU regulation the GDPR has direct effect. But the Data Protection Act is itself quite prescriptive in terms of our procedures and how our powers can be applied. So I suppose the DPC regulates in an international and EU context but very much under a framework of both EU and Irish law. And that extends to how the principles of fair procedure are applied under Irish law. Particularly in the decision making process of an administrative body like the DPC. And also taking into account the case law that has been developed through the Irish courts in that area. So as well as being the focus of international media we also speak very regularly at conferences around Europe and further afield. There's enormous attention globally on how the GDPR has been implemented. So as the lead authority I suppose that we are in terms of our supervision of a very large number of multinational companies there's a high interest in our experience specifically. And we do believe in being as transparent and open as possible on that experience as it can only be of assistance and other jurisdictions. And really it's remarkable how far the international debate on data protection and privacy has evolved since May 2016 when the GDPR text was finalised and even in the last 12 months, 13 months today since the GDPR actually came into force and I suppose who would have thought even a year ago that the CEOs of the major tech companies would be trying to outdo each other in their public acclaim of the GDPR and their demands for greater regulation globally in the area of data protection. So that's a less than comprehensive rundown of some of our daily efforts on the international side of things. I've left out lots and lots of important work that's done across the organisation but hopefully your own questions will touch on many of those areas. Will I briefly look ahead at the next few months? So 2018 obviously was the game changing year and the introduction of the GDPR but 2019 and 2020 are both looking to be pretty seismic in themselves because the GDPR is really starting to have an impact. So if we look ahead at our focus over the next few months and some headlines from that in a couple of weeks the Court of Justice of the EU will hold its hearing on the proceedings that the DPC brought related to standard contractual clauses in a case on the trends too. Brexit is potentially on the horizon and if there is a no deal Brexit we would have a fairly extensive operational impact and in that scenario the UK would become a third country so that point I mentioned on personal data transfers any transfers from the EU to the UK would require those transfer mechanisms to be in place as a safeguard of personal data. We're still looking forward to the text of the new EU privacy regulation so watching those councill negotiations with great interest. Over the next few months obviously the first significant decisions and potentially fines will issue from the DPC once they've worked their way through the EDPB cooperation mechanism and through to being enforced so we'll be monitoring the deterrent effect of those. The major outputs from our children's consultation on which I'd be delighted to answer your questions those outputs will start to come into play as well we'll be producing guidance, policy and hopefully starting to change the norms on how children's personal data is used and safeguarded. We'll still be building our own organisational capacity building expertise trying to work up to more simultaneous enforcement and I suppose above all else we'll be continuing our efforts to battle the many myths and legends that have grown legs over the last 12 months on what the GDPR stops people from doing so the scariest one I've heard of so far is on the paramedic who was prevented from being provided the medical history of an unconscious individual because of the GDPR so hopefully we'll be starting to counter some of those myths over the next 12 months so I'm looking forward to your questions, thanks.


Hi guys, welcome back to my youtube channel. This is Daniel Rosal here in Jerusalem quick video regarding the Subject of monitoring audio in a bunch of Linux if you want to start monitoring then how do you do that? So before I get into that I wanted to just say a couple of words about why monitoring is so useful Monitoring audio you might want to do it if you are recording something whether that's you're recording a you know a Podcast or you're recording a screen Cast with an audio component or just about anything else you might want to record on a computer and Those kind of situations. It's good to monitor your audio To hear what you sound like before you start recording. So like most things in life Prevention is better than cure. So if you can fix your audio levels fix your audio issues before You record then it's better than having to go into post-production Whether you're post whether that post-production workflow is for audio or video and trying to do things like fix his is or fix problems and That's another issue actually yesterday when I was recording some of these videos I was getting a tiny bit of his from the USB microphones and it turned out that my levels were a tiny bit too high In my pulse audio and you're just looking at that now in fact if I just Diminish diminish my myself here a little bit but you know, it would have been better to basically go in and Just hear what that was what sounding like essentially so Before recording and the way you do that is you just can get the monitoring running now to be transparent Not an expert. I record these videos for My own use actually so a lot of the times I will forget how to do something because Linux is complicated a bunch of Audio is complicated and I like to have these videos that I can refer back to and say, oh, yeah This is how I set that up. So for Monitoring, it's a pretty simple command that you can just put into a terminal and that will load that into pulse audio And then you will guess you will see after this magic happens and I'm actually just gonna go ahead and I'm going to go ahead and mute The channels I'm not using just to be attempt to be safe So you will see the channel now actually that was bad that was a bad idea because If I do that then you're not going to see the channel working So the channel you're looking at here is the loop back now. I'm going to have to stop speaking because I This is going to get into the audio track for it for here. So I'm just going to stop and You can see the track is open now. That's the monitoring channel for the webcam microphone there as a playback device Now what you need to do here basically is or what you how you would use this is as you can see I have the I have both microphones being picked up now the reason I said I'm not an expert and all that which is for sure true is what I haven't figured out yet about this is How to create the right loop back so in this case I have this microphone the podcasting mic And I also have a microphone that I don't I'm not using I'm not recording into I wouldn't care about and that's the built-in microphone on this webcam the c930e and when I put that command in the Monitoring channel that it gave me was a loop back for the webcam and not a loop back for the Maono now if I plug out the webcam I Will guess a loop back for them Oh, no, but if I need the webcam to record myself and I want to monitor The the track from the podcasting audio. I haven't yet figured out a way to do that But I'm sure I will figure that out today. Hopefully so basically once you've opened your monitoring channel that's open the one for the Webcam again Loop back for the webcam. Let's unmute that now. We can see we have levels going for that No, what you can do is just put on your monitoring headphones And now I can hear myself there's a bit of latency, but I can hear myself in them in the headphones I'm just gonna turn that off. So basically That's pretty much what there is you just want to make sure that the loop back channels going where you want it to go so I went for built-in audio stereo if I went for the HDMI audio that the monitor would be coming through my Laptop sorry through my desktop monitor that The LCD monitor that is which wouldn't be where I'd want it to go And this would be the microphone which wouldn't be useful. So I had to change that Unmute that and then I can listen to with headphones or whatever That's the final thing I would say is that this is if you are Doing monitoring then you might want to use headphones intended for this purpose To that I'm aware of are IEMs in ear monitors such as eddy modics. These are basically earbuds That you know the earbuds you'd pick up in a high-street retail store like skull candy, but they're kind of different They are They're really good at passive noise isolation. So I actually use them for blocking out I don't noise because I am noise sensitive But they also Reproduce the audio well and if you think about what what these two features would bring together will basically if you are trying to listen to your own Mic feed or you try and listen to a producer in a production environment like you're a musician or whatever Then that's where these things. That's what they're designed to do take in a monitor feed and put it into the Hardware intended for that purpose Kind of a hacky use is to use them for blocking out noise, but that's what they're really intended for second thing is studio headphones. So I picked up these audio technicas recently in the US and These are studio headphones. They're basically intended to reproduce sound authentically From from my understanding. So, you know a lot of headphones The goal is to make the sound sound good So when you're watching a movie or whatever that sounds all the tones are nicely balanced and the objective for these is more to So that you'll actually hear the audio including the flaws So you as an editor can fix it whether you're editing editing audio or audio with video So that is basically it to recap. Oh final thing I wanted to say about pulse audio here is that What you can do is you have if you open up the advanced pain you will get latency So I mentioned that when I put these on I was getting latency in the in the loop back feed Now if you want to try to correct that there is two ways one you could add latency to the Microphone that you're monitoring. I don't know if this is considered a poor practice or not But that that's one way I was playing around with and the second way is you could configure the latency On the loop back you can't actually do that here. So scratch scratch that scratch that That's basically What I figured out so far about monitoring audio. I'm just gonna open this and the loop back channel and Output devices And input devices So that's it. Thanks for watching. Let's get more videos about a bunch of Linux My adventures in audio and sound and OBS and all that good stuff then feel free to subscribe


Welcome to Monet Café. I'm artist Susan Jenkins and I take this responsibility very seriously. This is the June 2020 painting challenge category and the theme for the month was stillness. I thought it an appropriate category because of so much that's going on in our world and right here you're seeing me browse through the album of all of the submissions in our Monet Café art group on Facebook. Anybody can join who's interested in pastel painting. The great thing is it's a combination of artists of every level so some of these are beginner, some are intermediate, advanced and each artist lets me know what category they're in and at the end of every month we choose a winner from each category and I will show the winners at the very end of this presentation but these are some of the ones that I pulled out for your viewing pleasure. Enjoy! Wasn't that an outstanding presentation? I mean our artist in our group are amazing and the winners are chosen on their painting obviously but also on their representation of the theme of stillness. Now here's the winner for the beginner category. Check out this amazing painting by Elizabeth Ott and I don't want other beginner artists to get frustrated seeing the amazing beginner skill of this artist. It's truly remarkable and I thought not only did this represent outstanding skill but such a beautiful representation of the subject of stillness and how so many of us are clinging to loved ones and cherishing the things that matter in this life. And now for the winner in the intermediate category. Truly there were so many beautiful entries but this painting by Leslie Beasley once again represented the topic so well and it gave me the feeling of how so many of us with our current world challenges are looking to the light and looking to something greater. And now for the advanced category winner who will receive the honor of having their painting as the featured header image in our Monet Cafe Art Group on Facebook. Congratulations Timing Limb for this lovely painting and once again so beautifully represents the topic or the emotion of stillness that is permeating our world at this time. And again the choice is due to the amazing artistic skill level of this painting and also how the theme of us being still and listening to something to find answers perhaps in ways we never would have heard before. So congratulations to these winners but I do have an honorable mention and another special mention at the end. It was very hard to pass by and not recognize this outstanding painting by Irene Giorgipolo. I hope I'm saying your name right. I mean it's hard to believe this is a pastel painting right. Fantastic work and this is indeed a show-winning piece. Now this is the first time I've ever done this with this painting challenge contest but if I had to choose a best of show amongst all of the entries it would be this painting by Sandy Young and I'm going to try to not get emotional with this but Sandy shared this painting that is a painting of her brother who is diagnosed with terminal cancer and this is a painting of him fishing and if anyone is going through the feeling of stillness it would be someone in this situation. So God bless you all thank you for watching and perhaps we will all learn something from these challenges and art definitely makes life better. Happy painting!


Not only government officials but also diaspora members are participating in such events because it's always good that, you know, practitioners and people who design these policies interact directly with people who will afterwards apply these policies into real life. And this is always the best opportunity to somehow test in a real-time way these new ideas, these new policies to get feedback in real time and adjust if necessary the policies. So this is an excellent opportunity that makes things more efficient from my point of view.


Hi, my name is Andrea with Food and Mentory Adventures in Food. And today I'm sharing a quick and easy recipe for three bean spicy baked beans. The great thing about this recipe is that you probably already have everything you need on hand. So you are going to need a can of baked beans. Use whatever flavor and brand you prefer.  I am using hot barbecue sauce by Kinders. You're going to need some mustard, dark brown sugar, onions, and bell pepper. And I will make sure to leave the recipe in the description box. So let's get started. So we're going to start off this recipe by cooking up our bell pepper and our onions. I am using frozen onions and bell pepper. This recipe just makes life so much easier. And now I'm adding in my sausage. Now if you wanted to kick this up, you know, a notch, you could use spicy breakfast sausage. That would be delicious. But I'm going to let these go until that pork is cooked through. Okay. So my sausage is cooked through.  Same thing with my kidney beans and my baked beans are not drained. Just going to pour them right in there.  And now it's time to add in your barbecue sauce and give it another good stir. So now you're going to pour those beans into a nine by 13 baking dish. And now I'm going to pop these beans in the oven at 350 degrees for about 45 minutes to an hour. So I just took the beans out of the oven. Such a quick and easy side dish. This is perfect for those summer meals in summer parties. I hope you all enjoyed this recipe. If you did, please make sure to give us a thumbs up. And if you haven't subscribed to our channel, we'd certainly love to have you. Thanks so much for watching and we'll see you all next time.