So, I think we can start. So, today I will like to discuss the mathematical mechanism of phase transitions and the way Lee and Young theory of phase transitions in terms of zeros of partition function in the complex plane, complex activity plane and then I will give some example of how to calculate these zeros you know positions of these zeros. So, that is all that we plan to do. Second is this Lee Young mechanism phase transitions and then we just give some examples explicit calculation lines of zeros in Lee Young theory and well there is might be some time left. So, it will be the general behavior edge singularity. So, let us start with one. So, while now it may appear rather obvious to lot of you that you know there is some Hamiltonian and you can use it to calculate partition functions and then you can get phase transitions. It was not very obvious to lot of people even around 1900 or 1920. The point being that you know the partition function is written as sum over e to the power minus beta e i sum over states. So, it is a continuous and smooth function of beta fairly structure less and you sum over lot of these nice exponentials and how is it that you can hope to get some known analytic function of beta as a result of this because sum of analytic functions is also an analytic function ok. So, this seem to be sort of a mathematical issue, but there was also a psychological point attached to it you know there was this thing called the theory of solids. In the theory of solids people say that ok you have atoms they interact with each other there is a minimum energy configuration which is a periodic arrangement and then there are vibrations about these and may be non-linearities and all kinds of stuff ok, but once you heat it up enough then the stuff melts and then the description in terms of the periodic solid with perturbations is no longer valid. So, how can you have a theory in which you can have the starting point of the theory which was this periodic solid is no longer there. So, the theory is not there you cannot use the same theory which describes the solid the liquids. So, they used to be you know in the past they used to be a theory of solids and there is a theory of liquids and the usual idea was that you can calculate something like this free energy there will be something like this this will be solids, theory of solids and there will be a theory of liquids and at some point the liquid state has a lower free energy than the solid state and that is where the thermodynamic change occurs. But the idea that you can have a same theory which describes both the solid and liquid phase is not automatic and obvious and it took a fair amount of work well yeah took several years no 20 30 years for people to realize that no no no you can actually start with a single Hamiltonian like the Lennard Jones interacting molecules and it is able to give both the solid and the liquid phases. So, this was first realized in terms. So, there is a mathematical mechanism of phase transitions which is the following they said that oh well if you have the finite summation for finite number of particles then it is true everything is a smooth and analytic function of beta. But if you take the large n limit then you can develop singularities in the free energy per particle. So, the non analytic function comes because of the thermodynamic limit of large n responsible for phase transitions so this is of course true, but it is easy to see in a simple example. So, let me write a partition function is sort of very schematic, but it is a mathematical example of how large n limit can give you discontinuities in the non analyticities in the partition function. So, I write you know it is sort of a very contrived example, but let me still go ahead with it. This is the partition function for system on n sides. Then I define g of z is equal to limit n goes to infinity log omega n of z divided by n and then I want to look at that. So, omega n is a nice and analytic function of z for any n. However, if I take the limit of large n and look at the behavior of this function g of z then you will recognize let us keep z to be positive real number just now. So, this will be one this is some other power this is some other power. So, the largest power dominates. So, this will be the log of the maximum of these three terms one root to z because either this term or this term or this term will dominate. And then you can see that g of z is a smooth function of z except the point where the jump occurs from one value to another. So, this is a rather straightforward mathematical mechanism of generating singularities in functions from nice exponentials polynomials. So, I think I should plot this one g of z versus log z. So, for very small values of z this term dominates and g of z is 0. Then when z is less than 1 by 2 then this term dominates, but if z is bigger than 1 by 2 this term will be bigger than this.  If z is bigger than 2 then this is root to z this is z this is bigger. So, this becomes there is a term at log 2 and above that it is g of z is proportional to z like that not very well drawn. So, you have two discontinuities in this function. So, that is a mathematical mechanism, but you know where do you get functions like these these are not very reasonable looking partition functions. So, it was actually Cramer-Sainte-Vaniel 1930 who realized that if you write a partition functions in terms of transfer matrices they developed the general formalism of transfer matrices say forizing model. So, this is 1 b it is u work with transfer matrices this is very well known. So, I will only sketch the argument you take some lattice there are ising spins at each side there is some coupling with nearest neighbors I write a transfer matrix T n C C prime is equal to some matrix which gives you the interaction between one column C and one column C prime and you know then you would keep on transferring. This matrix is a 2 to the power n by 2 to the power n matrix the elements of this are just e to the some e to the power minus something or the other. So, it is a matrix of positive numbers in this case they are all positive sometime they may be some 0 elements, but they are non-negative numbers and then there is this famous theorem Perron Frobenius theorem which says that the largest eigenvalue will be non-degenerate and it will be a smooth function of these coupling parameters. So, then and the free energy is equal to the largest eigenvalue. So, the largest eigenvalue is a smooth function of the parameter beta. So, let me make for finite n log lambda max which is the free energy per site is an analytic function of beta on the real axis. So, that does not give you any possibility that if you change beta amongst positive values of beta then you will get a phase transition which is of course also known we understand that you know if for finite system these are not finite this infinite in one direction, but that is not enough it will not give you phase transitions. So, Cramer's and Vanier already realized that yeah what matters is. So, this partition function z I should write big you know z is equal to lambda's max to the power n m plus lambda 1 to the power m plus lambda 2 to the power m and if these two values are no longer non-degenerate sorry the largest value is no longer non-degenerate then the argument does not work. Then you have degenerate eigenvalues then the eigenvector is not you will have different choices they depend on boundary conditions all kinds of stuff. So, the mechanism as explained by Cramer's in one year was that delta lambda is equal to the gap in the eigenvalues of lambda in the eigenvalues of the transfer matrix tends to 0 as n tends to infinity well not always if a phase transition slightly bad language, but let me write it just now like that. So, what they said was that you look at this gap delta lambda and now for a fixed beta you vary n and you see what happens to the gap sometimes the gap will remain finite even when n goes to infinity in that case there is a finite correlation length and you are in some phase in which you have a finite correlation length for other values of t it may happen that as n goes to infinity then for a range of t. So, this is the only change I had to put if this delta lambda goes to 0 then you have a phase transition and this is what is seen in the Ising model ok, but again trying to see this gap closing at some value of lambda etcetera is not so easy to see and there is a very nice paper written by Lee and Yang in 1950 I have the reference yes by definition no I will give the definition in one phase the correlation length is finite in the other phase the correlation length is infinite. So, I can call them distinct phases and hence there is a phase transition it depends on the definition of what is the phase and we are going to define these as qualitatively distinct phases and so there is a phase transition. It does not immediately follow that it leads to singularities of other variables, but actually it does follow because then the detailed properties of observables depend on the boundary condition if the Eigen value is largest Eigen value is degenerate then the value of an observable you will see will depend on what boundary conditions you have put in. So, if the answer you get depends on the details of the boundary condition that is called spontaneous symmetry breaking that is the word and so this is a technical definition of spontaneous symmetry breaking slightly different from the one given in some textbooks and so the then it one phase will be symmetry broken phase and one phase will be non-symmetry broken phase okay. So, I giving the reference to the Lee Young paper Young. So, it is a really very nice paper to read and I sort of request all of you to go and read that paper it is fairly short it is quite easy to read and it is very insightful and they actually explain at great depth how they got around to this problem by starting with the Ising model and so on and so forth. So, I will actually now try to summarize the Lee and Young argument and idea. So, Lee and Young start by saying let us consider a lattice gas model you have a lattice it does not have to be a square lattice just a lattice and the sides can be occupied or unoccupied. So, at each side there is a variable called Ni which is 0 or 1 at most okay. So, that is called the hard core constraint and which is the reason why you know in that word occurred in my title. Now, there is a Hamiltonian which is just the potential energy term submission phi ij and i nj summation over nearest neighbors and so this phi ij can be extended hard core in the sense it came maybe it is infinite even when the distance between sites is 1 or 2. But at least at same site you cannot put two particles that is the beginning point of their discussion. Actually some of the details of the argument will not work very well if the phi ij is infinite at nearest neighbors at least in the original paper. But you know you can fix it later and you can write more careful presentation in which phi ij are not necessarily bounded. So, they say that phi ij should be greater than minus infinity all the time but it may be plus infinity sometime. But if you make it plus infinity sometime some of the later equations will require suitable taking of limits you know they do not work immediately but they can work within some limiting sense okay. So, we will not quibble about that just now let us take some reasonable range interaction and then they said that this thing can be thought of as an Ising model with some coupling constants. That is rather obvious now but that was actually the first time this was observed. So, ni is equal to si plus 1 by 2. So, si take values plus minus 1 and ni take value 0 and 1 and so this Hamiltonian then in terms of si becomes summation si sj jij minus constant time summation si plus constant. I will not write down the values of constant you just put ni equal to si plus 1 by 2 here you will get ss term which will be the coefficient that will be called jij then there will be a term which are linear in s that will be of course independent of the si because j will be some doger and so will be a term like summation si and then there will be some remaining constant and so this is called Ising model in a field okay and so you have to solve for the phase transitions in this Ising model in a field and they will correspond to phase transitions in this lattice gas model and if the interaction is taken to be something like the Lena Jones model then this describes the phase transition in real liquid solids. Yes n is the number of sites is right now doesn't have to be fixed you can fix it but it is that is a question of ensemble. So, details you know like the Ising model can be studied with all spins taking all possible values or when the total number of up spins is held constant and these are different ensembles but they give you the same thermo dynamical behavior. The constraint the total number of particles is fixed or not fixed is a matter of you know whether you work in the canonical ensemble or in the grand canonical ensemble and we have not discussed the equivalence of ensembles but you know take it as a result which has been established somewhere else that the equivalence of ensembles holds and what physical quantities derived using the canonical ensemble matched with the ones derived using the grand canonical ensemble at least in some set of conditions. Sometimes it doesn't work but some most of the time it works. There is a condition under which the equivalence of ensemble breaks down but we are not going to worry about them here. I mean I am not saying that it always holds but I am saying that let us not worry about that now. That is a technical question we can discuss it even more detail privately but let me go on here. So, now comes the very interesting point. So, this is the Lee Young theory. So, they said it is nice to work in the language of lattice case. So, I define omega n of z omega v is equal to partition function of lattice case and lattice case e partition function grand partition function lattice is n. So, this is equal to summation z to the power n q n of beta where q n is this configurational integral we have defined before it is just the sum over all possible configurations and z n z is e to the power beta mu is equal to the active it is called the activity and it is equal to the weight per particle in the grand sum grand partition sum. So, the if you write a configuration with some particles the weight is z to the power n e to the power minus beta e and there you sum over this overall configuration. So, that is z thank you 0 to n and so they said that this omega is actually a polynomial in z because it has an upper bound you cannot puts more than so many particles in this volume v. So, it has an upper bound on the number and this number increases of course, if v becomes bigger. So, the polynomial has a degree which is proportional to v, but for any given v this function can be expressed as a product 1 minus z over z i where z i is at the roots of the partition function grand partition function. So, this is a polynomial if you put z equal to 0 then only the term n equal to 0 comes into picture and then the answer is 1 by definition and so this form is good there is no multiplicative constant outside at z equal to z i it has to vanish and if there are multiple 0 then I will put 2 z i is equal. So, this and this is good then log omega of v divided by v equal to summation over log 1 minus z over z i. So, then they said that we can think of this as a question please yes please z i is at the 0's of the at the roots of the grand partition 0's of this polynomial. This is a polynomial it has n 0's and these are the 0's of the polynomial. So, they said that this can be thought of as a electrostatic potential is set charges equal charges kept at z i. So, of course, the 0's will be complex they you know even if you write a polynomial with real coefficient there is no guarantee that the roots will be real. So, you have to work in the complex plane you cannot work on the line and so then I work in the complex plane complex plane complex z plane and the 0's are like that they are I guess they are complex because the z is a real polynomial they will come in pairs complex conjugate pairs, but other than that I do not know too much you know there will be some scattered over, but then log omega is equal to summation I am writing it again because it is convenient for me 1 minus z over z i. So, this is the potential due to a charge at z equal to z i yes sir and it is the highest power of this the total number of particles maximum number of particles you can put in that volume. So, in our case by definition it is n, but it may be that you know maybe there is a nearest neighbor exclusion as well. So, you can put only half as many particles in which case that degree will be a little bit lower and you can work with you can you know all the arguments will go through and you can check. So, that the number of 0's is proportional to n, but does not have to be equal to n. So, we wrote 1 by n there is a summation over i ok. So, this is the potential due to these point charges at the 0's. So, now I can think of this log omega as the potential, but it is convenient now we have already introduced complex z. So, I just think of this equation of course, it is defined when z is complex right here I wrote this definition I guess I was thinking of z as a real number so far, but it can be thought of as a complex number by this called analytic continuation. Function is defined on the real line, but you just continue it in the complex plane. So, log omega is also defined in the complex plane by this equation of course, I realize that this log is also multivalued function. Yeah, we work with multivalued I mean I know log z for complex z it does not really cause me much problem it is multivalued, but I am ok with it. The real part is of course, unique and the real part corresponds to the real part of this and on the real axis all the complex part will vanish and you know you will get back to the standard stuff otherwise there is some 2 pi i n kind of arbitrary factor you can add to log omega ok we do not worry about that just now ok. So, now so this is the answer, but suppose now you change the volume you change take a bigger volume then all the zeros will change there will be more zeros and the zeros will have new positions and so you can take a bigger volume there will be more zeros there will be newer position. So, what happens in the limit of large n that seems like a difficult question and this is where you know at that time when there were very few computers it requires somebody with the insight of young to only to realize that you know actually the zeros will lie on some lines they cannot lie everywhere. So, they guessed large n zeros lines ok.  So, if you have n zeros and there are n zeros on this line if you have 2 n zeros then there are 2 n zeros on this line and 3 n 3 n zeros on this line. So, I can ask what fraction of zeros lie within a given range given an interval on this line I have not decided what is the position of the line, but suppose there is a line such that the zeros lie on that line. Then and the limit exists such that as n goes to infinity a finite fraction lies within a finite interval then you can define a density of zeros and interval 2 of s you know. So, interval let us measure the distance like this. So, this is s and this is d s and rho s d s is equal to fractional number of zeros in the interval centered at s of which g s let us write s s plus d s it is very clear the definition is clear whether it happens or not is not yet clear to me if it happens like this then I can write in the limit of large n limit of large ah large letters also limit large n rho omega divided by n tends to integral rho s d s rho s minus z s ok is this ah transition clear there is a additive. So, I had a term here log z 1 minus z by z i, but that is the same as log z i minus z by z i ok. So, up to additive constants the partition function is z i z minus z i integral over z i which is what we have written here ok ah this is being hidden by something no this this part of the text I will rewrite it because it is important yes just once again no ah the zeros can lie on things like this in which case I just integrate over a all the density of zeros yeah this s is perhaps not a good symbol, but let this is given it is a notation yes sir very good. So, that is a good question we should figure out what is the structure of the line. So, that comes next ah yeah. So, I would I was writing log omega n z by z limit n goes to infinity by n equal to integral d s rho z minus z s rho s this is the density of zeros and this is the integral and that is the partition function. Now, before we get into the structure of the line what follows immediately this is the potential phi is the potential due to this line charge point charges or line charge in the limit thermodynamic limit becomes a line charge line charge is some density of charges ok. So, how will the potential vary as a function of z given a particular line charge density? So, the answer is that wherever there is no charge the potential is an analytic function of z because you know this is a electrostatic theory when you come here and you vary z a little bit everything will be well behaved as a function of z the singularities of omega z will only appear wherever there is some non zero density of zeros singularities in omega log omega appear this says that you take the limit appear only where only where rho z is non zero ok. So, so there is a constraint the constraint is that if this is a polynomial and it is a polynomial with positive coefficients. So, if you put any real number z then it will always give you a positive answer. So, there are no zeros of the polynomial on the positive real line. However, you can have zeros which are just so this is my the zeros may be like this they may be very close to the real line, but not on the real line like that and as n tends to infinity these zeros may come close and may touch the real axis pinching on the real axis ok. So, before we go further I guess I should just say that then the very interesting result which Li and Yang found showed that if phi i j is less than 0 this potential of interaction is always attractive. Suppose you consider the case very on-site repulsion, but otherwise it is always an attractive potential and then all the zeros lie on the circle mod z equal to 1 they cannot be any zero outside ok. That is a very nice theorem it is actually quite short the proof is only one page in the published paper. However, it is a little bit of not very transparent proof like if you ask me now you know can I reproduce the proof it will be hard for me I will do it, but you know it will be hard for me. So, I do not want to do it on the blackboard in any case you are welcome to go and read the proof. It is a little bit technical of course, because it is working in sort of general state, but in the end it boils down to verifying a few lines of algebra and it works out, but I am not able to give you a very good feel for the stuff, but let me state the thing. So, this let me phi ij does not have to be even translationally invariant you can take any graph in 2D, 3D whatever you like put any interaction phi ij whatever you like and construct this omega and all the zeros will lie on the unit circle. So, that is very remarkable of course you know the proof has to be very general also clearly, because it is such a general result. So, what then Lee and Young argued like this they said that suppose you consider the Ising model with nearest neighbor coupling we know that it undergoes some phase transition. So, how will that happen how that happens is like this. So, this is the mechanism of phase transition which we will see it says that on one at one value of beta there is a region of the circle which is occupied and there is a region which is empty. Now, I change beta to a lower value then the zeros move all the zeros change their position, but in the end the density of zeros changes to become non-zero in a given bigger interval. Then I lower the temperature further then the zeros move in further to the real axis and at one particular temperature they will meet they will touch the real axis like this and for t less than t c there is a finite density of zeros along this circle everywhere it is not uniform, but if there is a finite density everywhere ok. So, what happens then is that if you look at the real part of the electrostatic potential across a charged line charge density there is a electric field has a discontinuity given by the Gauss-Ritz law you know you take some tiny bit here and construct the e out here e out here that is equal to rho inside even minus e 2 equal to rho there is some electrostatic condition which is the solution of the Laplace equation, but the derivative of phi with z is the density d log omega by d z d log z is the density. So, when there is a discontinuity in the derivative there is a discontinuity the density as complex density as a function of z. So, all along these lines the derivative of log omega has a discontinuity even here the derivative of omega will have a discontinuity. So, that means that when you change the z which is in our case it corresponds to the magnetic field if you change the field slowly then there will be a jump in the magnetization which is the density of lattice gas. So, that is the mechanism of phase transitions. So, to summarize there is a complex plane there are zeros in the complex plane which lie on lines as you change the temperature these zeros move at some temperature they may come and pinch in on the real axis. If they pinch in on the real axis then as you go across the real axis even then you will get a some non-analyticity because of the potential function becoming non-analytic there and that will be the singularity in the omega z and that is the phase transition. So, what happens is that the temperature is an implicit variable inside here because this q n which are the coefficients of the polynomial are functions of temperature. So, as I change the temperature this coefficient change and the zeros change no no no no this is the z plane ah sorry I understand your point I am sorry I did not say it very well. So, the variable here is the z which is the variable which is coupled to the occupancy number. So, it is analogous to the magnetic field ok there is log z is the magnetic field H because the if the particle is up the weight is e to the power beta H if the spin is if the if the particle if the particle is present then the weight is z in the Ising language it is it you know z or 1 or e to the power beta H or e to the power minus beta H this is no particle present ok. So, the equation is z equal to e to the power 2 beta H ok. Now, if I study the free energy of the Ising model as a function of the field then at high temperatures free energy as a function of field has a smooth behavior it looks like this, but at low temperatures. So, the derivative of F with H which is the magnetization is smooth and continuous. So, I will plot M which is the d F by d H minus is a beta and it goes like this or it goes like above T c it is a continuous function below T c is a discontinuous function as I vary H. So, here I am varying H when I go along this line, but sometimes I get a smooth behavior and sometimes I do not get a smooth behavior depending on temperature. So, that is the mechanism of phase transitions it is very nice and it is very general and you can adapt it to other cases where you know the control parameter is not some kind of chemical potential or it is not a function of let us leave it let forget that ignore that comment ok. So, now, so let us say for a magnet I construct M H graph in equilibrium in equilibrium and the statement is that it goes like this something like this for T greater than T c M as a function of H is a smooth function continuous function of H for all H T greater than T c M H has a discontinuity at H equal to 0 for T less than T c and this discontinuity is so called as spontaneous magnetization. So, that is my definition magnetization as a function of H is continuous for all H for T bigger than T c and it has a discontinuity at H equal to 0 for T less than T c. So, in this case in our language this will become that omega of z is continuous and actually d by dz is continuous for T bigger than T c and is discontinuous discontinuous at z equal to 1 for T less than T c is this point clear ok. So, now, now I can actually go and vary I can cross z from here to here and see how the omega z varies from here to here and that will give me some discontinuity also, but now the density has become a complex number and this complex number varies from some value to some value here and that is a little bit trickier to understand, but again and also we remember that log omega was a multivalued function. So, that was pretty bad and then I took 1 by n and I summed over a lot of stuff. So, the imaginary part can be almost anything, but if I look at this picture now, let us say this one and I define the potential of this stuff. It has an imaginary part which is somewhat non trivial, but the real part is pretty unique and well defined. So, I define the function to be real along this real line from here to here and by analytical continuation I define it everywhere else and then the imaginary part will also show discontinuity when I go from here to there. It just requires you to think of the partition function as a potential due to some line charge and then what that will correspond to some discontinuities and that is what this gives and then we should break at some stage. There is a very nice picture in Lien Yang which looks like this. So, Eising model only has one phase transition, but you know in the real liquid sense you have more than one phase transition as a function of various parameters. So, here you will find that as you suppose the charge density does this, then you will find one phase transition here and one there at two different values of z, at two different densities there will be discontinuity in density. So, I guess this part of the curve will be called gas phase and this will be called the liquid phase and this will be called the solid phase and so on. So, that is the general theory of phase transitions. Then in the next part we will discuss the we will actually calculate the density of zeros on some model or the other to get a better feel of this and we will discuss the general properties of the Lien Yang H singularity. Thank you.


What's going on everyone? Sam here with late in sports cards, ripping 22, community playbook, football hobby, 16 box, full case break, number three, random division style. There's a look again at your random results. As always, you can find these on the website under the results tab, as well as the link in chat. So good luck here guys, let's do it. Terry McLauren to 99, NFC East. Nice, 9 of 10, going to the AFC West, their car. Nice DC right there, now Saint of course. AFC West again, that is going to be 2 of 199, Larry Johnson, goal line grabs. And we've got Drake London, 36 of 99 is on the Rookie Jumbo booklet. Jersey Jersey, NFC South. There's Christian Watson, mammoth material to 199, NFC North. NFC West, that's going to be Christian McCaffery, 97 of 99, Sunday's best. We've got Ramandre Stevenson, base auto for the AFC East. And 249, NFC East, Johan Dotson, Rookie booklet auto, Johan Dotson. Next one up, there's the 149, down and dirty, Mike Williams, game used for the AFC West. The AFC North, Kyle Hamilton, 10 of 10, Green auto, AFC North. Jeff Wilson Jr., hash marks, 74 out of 199, AFC East. Jeff Wilson Jr. And Rookie playbook auto to 299 is Vilas Jones Jr., Rookie Jersey auto to the NFC North. Burger, cheeseburger, cheeseburger, cheeseburger, cheeseburger, always. Got George Pickens, 25 of 99, AFC North. Next one here for the NFC West, Matt Stafford, 19 of 99, yes, yes it is. Next up we've got AFC East, Cedric Wilson, 31 of 49, hash marks on it. And NFC West, 16 of 25, Trey McBride, three colored Rookie Patch auto booklet, NFC West on that one. Very nice. We got an armory, or no, it came with inches. There's 19 of 75, AFC North, Amari Cooper auto for the AFC East to a tag of Iowa, 18 of 25 shotgun signatures. A bit of damage on that, we'll send an empty box and wrapper. There's a little bit of print line going all the way through it from top to bottom. Sorry about that, AFC East. You guys said we'll get you an empty box and wrapper there. Terrace Marshall Jr, one of one, hash marks, NFC South, there you go, Edward P. One of one, Terrace Marshall, why not dude? Why not? That's pretty sweet. One of one, TMJ, Terrace Marshall Jr. And Game of Inches is one of one, Debo Samuel, two one of ones in one box. That's insane. Shield and tag, holy cow. That's awesome. NFC West. That is awesome. Oh man, dude. Jason L, that's insane, dude. Two one of ones, back to back cards. Tebo, Game of Inches, shield and tag, bro. That's sweet, man. That's sick. You don't have to tape that one on the picture. I don't know, dude, I just like, there was a couple like on Wednesday, there was one case where first two boxes both had one of ones in them too. We had the same hash marks one, but it was Mike Alstott and then there's a printing plate of what's-his-face, Terran McClearn to 99, Jalen Tolbert. I think it is the full shield behind the picture. I think so, Zimmer. Got Tyler Algier, Rookie Auto for the NFC South. NFC South, Michael Vick, Shotgun Signatures, 27 out of 99. And then 9 of 49 is Aiden Hutchinson. Three color, three color, Rookie Patch Booklet, 9 of 49. Justin Herbert, 21 out of 25, Sunday's best AFC West. We've got an Alec Pierce, Maymouth Materials, AFC South, 299. NFC North, David Montgomery, goal line grabs 64 out of 99. And 249, AFC South, Traylon Birks, Rookie Jersey Booklet Auto. There's a Maymouth Material, John Mechie to 199. Amrat St. Brown, 23 out of 75 for the NFC North. Mechie with AFC South, by the way, I don't know if I said that or not. Got NFC East, Kennedy Brooks, 12 out of 49. Damian Pierce, Rookie Jersey Booklet Auto to 299 for the AFC South. All right, halfway through the case, guys. See what we got up next. George Pickens, Maymouth Material, AFC North to 199. Christian McCaffery, 20 out of 49. Sunday's best. David Montgomery, 5 out of 99 for the NFC North. And to 249, Isaiah Spiller, Rookie Jersey Auto Booklet, the AFC West. Amari Cooper, nice patch there, 33 out of 99 for the AFC North again. We've got a Maymouth Material, Grease Hall to 199, AFC East. AFC North, 27 out of 49. Jerome Ford, nice one there. And Trayvon Walker to 299, AFC South. Full SIG, Trayvon, nice one there. Have you seen the Camtaylor Brit card yet out of this? Is it your first time top winning this this year? For this year, yeah. For this year? Here's so Camtaylor Brit, like that corner on the bangles is a rookie. Okay. And it's like his card has the bangles logo, has his auto, has his name, and it's a picture of Donovan People's Jones on the grounds. Well, dude, what? That's crazy. Cut a Sunday's best, Josh Allen to 99. They're both orange, it's easy to confuse. AFC North is going to be a Aaron Rodgers. AFC East from Andre Stevenson, 20 out of 49. And then 25 of 25, Antoine Randall L for the AFC North. That's sick, dude. Then none other than Bonzi Wells. Oh man, Bonzi Wells. 25 of 25, Antoine Randall L. That's cool, dude. AFC North on that one. Yeah, usually Higley. Sometimes you'll get three autos, but most of the time it's two autos, two jerseys. Devontae Parker, 275 for the AFC East. We've got a Tralance, no, no. Danny Gray, I don't know why I said Tralance. Danny Gray, mammoth material for the NFC West. Got 400 points, that'll be random to all at the end. And then to 299, we've got a Sauce Gardener, rookie jersey auto booklet for the AFC East. There's Scary Terry to 49. NFC East. This one here, NFC South down and dirty game used is Alvin Kamar, Christian Kirk, that is 299 for the AFC South. And to 299, George Pickens, rookie jersey auto booklet for the AFC North. George Pickens, Sauce Gardener, mammoth material to 99, two color patch for the AFC East. Traylon Burks, 38 of 99 for the AFC South. Chase Edmunds, hash marks 45 of 49 for the AFC West. And a cool one for the AFC South. To 99, Fred Taylor, three color patch auto booklet on card. It's a Vaughn card right there. All right, two boxes left there, buddy. Let's see what we got. Box has been lightened up for three. I know. To 75 is Eric Azucama, Mike Munk about to be second. That's nuts. Eric Azucama, AFC East. NFC North is Amon Ross, St. Brown to 199. We've got Bobby Trees, Robert Woods, that is one of 49 for the AFC South. You started calling him Bobby Trees. Who started calling him Bobby Trees? I don't know. You've heard that before though, right? Other than me? Not really. Really? I just saw it once. I was like, I saw somebody calling Bobby Trees and I was like, that's awesome. The first thing you said it, I was just like, what? And then I was like, oh. Yeah, there's this guy, you know what it is? There's this guy on Instagram. He's like a Robert Woods super collector. And he's one who calls him Bobby Trees because his name is Trees Collectibles. Gotcha. So that, I think, I kind of probably just heard it and saw it and then just automatically attributed it. To 299, we've got Trayvon Walker, rookie jersey booklet auto. Last box. Good luck everybody. Desmond Ritter, 30 of 49, Nexus Jersey for the NFC South. K9, Kenneth Walker, 299. Nexus Jersey, NFC West. Christian Harris, that is one of 10, AFC South. And 51 of 99, three-colored rookie patch auto booklets is Vilish Jones Jr. The NFC North. All right, guys, let's do this points random really quick. We're just going to put everybody's names into the points random. All right, guys, going to roll the dice. Whatever name is on top after 12 times, look at the points. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, 10, 11, and 12. Going to Edward P. Edward P. Let's do a quick recap, everybody. It's a good break over all that one box. Let's do one-on-ones, dude. Why not?  Desmond Ritter, Kenneth Walker, Eric Azucanma, Amon Ross St. Brown, Trayvon Burks. We've got a sauce gardener. That was over here. Tara McLauren, Alvin Kamar, that's Devante Parker, Danny Gray, Josh Allen, Aaron Rodgers, Brie Hall, Mari Cooper, George Pickens, Christian McCaffrey, Amon Ross St. Brown, John Metsch, Alec Pierce, a Justin Herbert, Jaylen Tolbert, Mari Cooper, there's George Pickens, Matt Stafford, Christian Watson, a Mike Will, Christian McCaffrey, there's Terry McLauren, Autos Now, we have Christian Harris, Bobby Trees, Chase Edmonds, Christian Kirk, Ramon Dre Stevenson, Jerome Ford, David Montgomery, Kennedy Brooks, David Montgomery, a Michael Vick, Tyler Algier, Tua Tagavailoa, Hashmarks of Cedric Wilson, Jeff Wilson, Kyle Hamilton, Ramon Dre, Derek Carr, and Larry Johnson. Booklets we had, thanks sir, thanks sir, thanks sir. Damian Pierce, Traylon Burks, Aidan Hutchinson, a Trey McBride, Vilas Jones, Johan Dotson, Drake London, we had Vilas Jones, Trayvon Walker, Fred Taylor, Sauce Gardner, George Pickens, Antoine Randall L, Isaiah Spiller, Trayvon Walker, our Mags card slash big time booklet is going to be Terris Marshall, one of one, the NFC South on the Hashmarks order, one of one, and really awesome Game of Inches, one of one, Debo Samuel, Ag Shield, the NFC West on Real Break, those came in the same box too everybody, that was fantastic, that'll do it for the break guys, thanks again for the film, next up is Impeccable PYT.


Parametrized quantum circuits are a promising hybrid classical quantum approach, but rigorous results on their effective capabilities are rare. Here, the authors explore the feasibility of training depending on the type of cost functions, showing that local ones are less prone to the baron plateau problem. This article was authored by Mcerazo, Akira Sohn, Tyler Vokoff, and others.


Happy Merry Holidays, everybody! Whatever it is you celebrate this year, it's a gift-giving season.  And this isn't a tier list of my favorite games, or these games are better than these games. It is quite literally a buying guide. Games I would recommend this holiday season. Games that came out this year, the hottest, most exciting titles, and then which games you should stay away from. A couple of small things to note before we get started. One, this is just physical games. Games that you will find on the shelf at GameStop or Target while you're shopping this holiday season. I even went to GameStop and Target and took a bunch of videos and photos to see what was out there. So I can make sure that my list is as concise as it can be with what is actually out there right now. I'm not diving into the digital shop on the Nintendo Switch to recommend any games there, but I can't recommend enough while you're out there at the GameStop if you see any eShop cards and you want to buy little Timmy or Jimmy some eShop credits so they can spend it on their own Switch. That's not a bad idea. A lot of games do only release digitally, or games they might already have and love get DLC, like for Pokemon. So here's how it's gonna work. I break the categories down into prices first. You have your $50 to $60 full price games. You're $30 to $40 mid-range games, and then you're $10 to $20 stocking stuff at games. And from there, I split it down into three more categories. Must buy games. You're maybe games. These are games that might have come out this year, but they're more niche, or there's some variables we'll have to talk about before I can recommend it for sure. And then the avoid, which speaks for itself, and I'll explain everything as we go. Okay, but first, let's talk about Game Assets.  And hey, you can look as cool as me. I love Game Assets. And if you want to get someone the gift of energy this Christmas, how about you grab them some? It has zero calories. It's sugar-free. It has no lead, which I don't know. That's pretty great when I think of energy. Also, you can get the new H3 Sigma Brain Flavor, a personal favorite of mine, because what's the point in buying all of these video games? If you don't have the energy to play them. It directly supports the channel, and I'd really appreciate it. Oh, you can get sample packets. If you want to try a flavor, they come with most of the shaker cups. That's with the lunchbox there, buddy. Oh, this old thing? Well, I can't show you what's in it yet, but if you could see that, you'd be very excited. Grab some. Thank you. Okay, happy holidays. Starting with the $60 games, actually, no, we're not. Starting with the $70 gamer. Mortal Kombat 1 on Switch is $70. This is the most expensive game I've seen for this holiday season, and it is in the avoid category. Do not buy it. You might think you're the cool uncle getting the brutal Mortal Kombat game for little Timmy, but the Switch version of this game has game-breaking bugs, frame rate issues, resolution dips, input and timing controls, performance drops, missing content, long load times. I don't know what else to say about that. Now we can start the video. Starting with the $50 to $60 games, the must-buys. Hands down, the number one game this year for Switch to get anybody, if they don't already have it, is Zelda, Tears of the Kingdom. The only reason I can think to not get this game for someone is if they've specifically asked to not get it. It is rated as one of the best games of all time. It might win Game of the Year for this year. I don't know what else to tell you. Next up and honestly closely following it, Mario Wonder. Mario Wonder is the newest traditional 2D Mario game. If you grew up with Mario Brothers 1, 2 and 3 on the NES, this is that, but in 2023 and better than ever. It's so much fun. It has four player multiplayer for the family. If you're looking to play games with somebody, there is another Mario game that released this year. When I went to GameStop today, there was a mom at the counter asking the guy working at GameStop what was the difference between Mario RPG and Super Mario Wonder. And that's why I make these videos. Super Mario RPG, while it is a newer Switch game by about a month or two, it's actually a remake of an old Super Nintendo game from the 90s. It's been completely remade visually and looks fantastic. This is one of the best RPGs ever made. It's more strategic. It's more tactical.  So maybe not so much for little kids, but I played it when I was little and I liked it. So those three games are all the must buy games that came out this year for $50 to $60. Now Pokemon Scarlet and Violet, the newest Pokemon games that came out last year, they do have new DLC that released on the eShop. So if you know someone that loves these games and they don't have the DLC yet, you could maybe get them some eShop credit for that. I would also say that if they don't have these games at all, they're still great to pick up for anybody that loves Pokemon or might be wanting to get into Pokemon. The rest of these must buy games did not come out this year. These are all games that I highly recommend having in your Switch library and anybody will enjoy them. They're just not new-new. They're just worth buying if you're looking for something to buy. That's Zelda Breath of the Wild, which is the game before Tears of the Kingdom. So don't get them mixed up. And if somebody doesn't have either game, I would start by getting Breath of the Wild because it's the first one. Pokemon Legends Arceus. If you're looking for another Pokemon game to get somebody that already loves Scarlet and Violet, Arceus is a completely different kind of Pokemon game and a really grand adventure that I can't recommend enough. Kirby Forgotten Land is still awesome. It came out last year and is one of the best action platformers and I think the best Kirby. Splatoon 3 is always great. Just make sure you don't get Splatoon 2. If your kid likes shooting games, but you're worried about the mature nature of those, Splatoon 3 is a kid-friendly shooter.  Xenoblade 3 also got a bunch of digital DLC this year and I can't recommend Xenoblade 3 enough in general. It's so good. Monster Hunter Rise. If you're gonna buy this, buy the Sunbreak Physical Edition, which has the DLC included in it. Metroid Dread can be a little spooky, but it's also very worth buying. Mario Party Superstars. Do not get it confused with Super Mario Party. There are two Mario Parties on the Switch. I always recommend Superstars because it's so much fun to play with friends or family. I literally had friends over last night and they all wanted to play Mario Superstars. And then just the staple games that you can buy anybody and they will most likely love it. So check their Switch Library and if they don't have Super Mario 3D World and Bowser's Fury, Mario Odyssey, Super Smash Bros., Animal Crossing and I can't stress Animal Crossing enough for any kind of gamer. Luigi's Mansion 3 and then Mario Kart 8 Deluxe is the best-selling game on Switch for a reason. It's Mario Kart. That is all, in my opinion, the must-buy games if you're gonna be reaching in your pocket and spending $60. But here are the maybe games. So many of these are not only really worth buying, but there's a better than good chance that whoever you're buying for doesn't have one of these. They also can be very niche and I'll do my best to explain that as we go. So this is the $50 to $60 maybe games. Starting with Sonic Superstars. This game is supposed to be $60, but I've already seen it on sale for about $30. And I think that's an incredible price. This game is a ton of fun. You can play with up to four players in this Sonic title and in the same way that Mario Wonder is like old-school Mario, this is like old-school Sonic. Pikmin had a new game release this year. Pikmin 4 and also Pikmin 1 and 2, the old GameCube games came to Switch as well. There's a good chance if you're looking at buying this, it's because somebody asked for it. But if you just don't know what to get, the person you're buying for and they already have all the other games I've mentioned, I think it's worth taking a gamble on Pikmin 4. I had so much fun with it. It's a little micro-managing game where you play as small little critters in a garden, very cutesy and cozy and at times it's terrifying. Probably the one and only time you'll hear me talk about Hogwarts Legacy on the channel is just a topic I want to steer clear from. But in the nature of what I'm doing here, it's on the shelf this holiday season. Let's talk about it. It's $60 and it is the full Hogwarts Legacy game that released everywhere else but crammed under the Switch. I've been playing it because I wanted to see if it was a terrible port I could make fun of. Turns out it's actually really solid and I do feel like I'm getting the full experience on the go. One of the games I actually saw in Target today when I went and I forgot was getting a physical this year, Red Dead Redemption. It is the entire first Red Dead Redemption game with the Undead Nightmare DLC packed into it and it looks and plays incredible on the Switch. This is one of the best games of all time. You're just going to have to figure out if the person you're buying for has already played this game back in the day because it is kind of old now. But honestly, they might want to play it again. It's really good. May have slipped you by but Borderlands 3, the ultimate edition released on Switch this year and has a physical. I was very skeptical about how this was going to run on Switch and while just like Harry Potter, it's a little uglier than everywhere else. It runs surprisingly great. Oh, and don't mix that game up with new tales from the Borderlands which is a kind of like a playable movie style version of a Borderlands game. I actually kind of like it and it is only 20 bucks but it's not Borderlands 3. To be honest, I'm kind of mixed on this one and that's Dreamlight Valley Cozy Edition got a physical release. It's $50 full price. My issue is it's a digital only code in the box which means you're spending $50 and you're not actually getting the game and if you just go to the eShop and buy this digitally, you can get the base version for only $30. So this is $20 more. It does come with some extra DLC and things that cost about $20 in the game if you buy it digitally. The reason why I'm putting it here is because it's just a really great gift for somebody. I can see a lot of people and kids and Disney fans being very happy to get this for Christmas and it's not as exciting buying somebody an eShop gift code card to buy it for themselves. Situational, it's why it's in maybe but I do really enjoy the game. Octopath Traveler 2, if you didn't like Octopath Traveler 1 or you thought it was just okay, the second one fixed a lot of the issues with that game and it got really great reviews. Persona 5 Tactica, a tactics version of Persona 5. I definitely can't say to avoid it but I wouldn't buy it for someone unless they're a huge Persona fan. Fire Emblem Engage, I didn't like this game at all and I'm trying to be non-bias and say, hey, if you have a Fire Emblem fan in the house, it's Fire Emblem. I'm sure they want it. Kirby Return to Dream Land Deluxe, another Kirby game. I think Forgotten Land is way better. This is a remake of a Wii game and it's okay. Bayonetta Origins, Sireza and the Lost Demon. It's a prequel to the Bayonetta games but it plays completely differently. Kind of sound like a broken record here but I didn't like this one very much either. This is very situational. It's if they already love Bayonetta or they've asked for this game. Advance Wars 1 & 2 Reboot, a strategy game about war. It's bright and colorful though so you decide but it is good. We've talked about Dreamlight Valley and Cozy Games Faith Farm release this year. It's like a farming sim where you play as little fairies and you can play with up to three or four friends. The perfect kids game. I gotta talk about Minecraft Legends because your kid might love Minecraft that's highly possible. So you might see this game and think it's a good idea and it might be but this is not like the Minecraft they already love. This is a real time strategy game. So it's a lot more technical and it has micro transactions. It's only for cosmetic stuff but you might buy this for your kid and then have them asking to borrow your credit card a bunch to buy new skins for their Minecraft Legends characters. I always hate when a game costs full price and then also has micro transactions in the game and don't get Legends confused with Minecraft Dungeons which released a couple years ago. They might already have that but if they don't I think it's a better game and doesn't have micro transactions. Alteria Riser 3. This is like a JRPG meets Breath of the Wild. Star Ocean Second Story R. This is a straight JRPG. So if you have a JRPG fan in the house this one's getting reviewed really well. If they love to see of stars this year they might love this. Master Detective Archives Rain Code. This slipped a lot of people by just kind of released and wasn't talked about. It's a fantasy mystery adventure game and it's kind of like the Ace Attorney games. And then two new games that released December 1st so they're not out yet while I'm making this. Dragon Quest Monster The Dark Prince. I'm just saying maybe because I don't know what else to say and the game is out but it doesn't look that great. I wouldn't rush to this one. And Batman Arkham Trilogy. These are three Batman games that released several years ago being ported to the Switch in one big collection. Great for any Batman fan but these are older games. Okay that was all the new games released this year. So really safe bets to buy anybody a new game that they won't already have it or they're looking for it. But if for some reason none of those really stood out to you. Here are a bunch of other games around this price that could be good to buy that have released over the last few years. Bayonetta 3 or any of the Bayonettas Live Alive is one of the best JRPGs of all time and this remake looks fantastic. Persona 5 Royal. I can't recommend this one enough especially because I keep seeing it on sale for $30. Just don't mix it up with Persona 5 Strikers. Although that's also a good game and worth its price but it's another spin-off game like Persona 5 Tactics. You have to be a fan of Persona 5 Royal to like either of those other spin-off games.  I'll say that the Pokemon Diamond and Pearl are looking less and less tempting. It's hard to say avoid because they are Pokemon games but I would rather get Let's Go Pikachu and Eevee for somebody if they don't have those yet which are much better remakes than Diamond and Pearl. New Pokemon Snap it's a game with Pokemon where you take pictures of them. Very calming and relaxing. Pokemon Mystery Dungeon Rescue Team would be great for younger kids. No more Heroes 3. It's okay. I would say it's worth it if you find it on sale. Monster Hunter Stories 2 allories recommend it's very Pokemon-adjacent. Mario Golf Super Rush and Mario Tennis Aces. These two Mario sports games are good filler titles for a library. They're a lot of fun but they do get old pretty quickly. For any Zelda fan that hasn't played Zelda Hyrule Warriors Age of Calamity. It's a prequel to Breath of the Wild and ties a lot of the story together even though it's not considered canon anymore. I don't think it's still a blast for any fan of these new Zelda games. Don't get that confused with the other Hyrule Warriors game. It's a completely separate thing and not as good. I feel like I had to add Dragon Quest Treasures to the list because I saw it in the store when I went out and I see it a lot when I'm in GameStop. It didn't review terribly well but it might be fun for younger audiences. Just it's not a first choice. Paper Mario Origami King Link's Awakening is always a classic so is Super Mario Maker 2. You can't go wrong with giving someone the ability to make their own Mario levels and this is often on sale for $40. I will always recommend Astral Chain. If you know that someone loves Bayonetta and they haven't tried Astral Chain I highly recommend it. Even though Ring Fit is technically $80 because it comes with the big Ring Fit device. I always put it into these lists because I think it's so unique. I always see it in the store when I go. I saw it today in Target and it's legitimately a great way of getting into shape and losing some weight. If your kid loves Minecraft and you don't know what to get them next but you want to get something similar Dragon Quest Builders 2 is one of my favorite Switch games and it's very similar. Marvel Ultimate Alliance 3 is fun for any Marvel fan. Yoshi's Crafted World is cute for younger audiences. Donkey Kong Country is a really great co-op platformer so if you just played Mario Wonder with somebody and you're looking for your next hit of something and you never played Donkey Kong Country maybe try that next. And then Diablo 3 Skyrim Witcher 3 Doom and Doom Eternal these are all big blockbuster video games that any Switch library could use. Okay. That's the biggest section in the video. I feel like I need a second but let's talk about the games that are $50 to $60 that you should not buy. And I am actually shocked with how many new games for this price this year. I'm saying don't buy.  Sorry to get a little preachy. I guess for children this wouldn't be too bad but at about eight hours long I feel like I'd be pretty bummed out if I spent $60 on this and my kid was done with it in an evening and didn't even like it that much. The new Warrior Wear Move It game I'm not saying it's bad I'm saying it's two hours long.  I'd be pretty upset. Metal Gear Solid Master Collection it's just a lazy package port of three games and it's way too expensive at $60. Fashion Dreamer I saw this one at Target and had to look it up too expensive and the reviews for it weren't very good. Nickelodeon All-Star Brawl 2 I actually like this game but the physical it's a download code digital only I hate that. Super Bomberman R2 Nobody likes these games. I don't know why they made a sequel. FC24 yet rule of thumb don't buy anyone a sports game. If somebody wanted a sports game they will specifically ask for it or you know they want a sports game. Don't take a gamble on a sports game. Nobody wants it. Believe me the last thing you want is to really want the news outer and end up with FIFA Christmas Ruin there's other games that are still not worth buying even after all this time Super Mario Brothers U Deluxe we can put that one to bed at this point. Nintendo Switch Sports I put this in maybe last year but I'm slipping it down to avoid because it's really not that good and it's still $50. Mario Strikers Battle League is the worst Nintendo sports game I've ever played METOPIA Warrior Weak Get It Together is also here it was here last year but it's here even more so now because Move It is a much better game. It's just not worth $50. GTA Trilogy is still somehow $60. This is purely because of the price. I always tell people to not buy Kirby Star Allies it's like a four hour game. Arms 1-2 Switch and then WWE 2K18 is somehow still $50 and it's by far the worst running Switch game there is. Made a video on that like five years ago six years ago I can't believe it's still that expensive. Okay now the $30 to $40 category. This is a tough one to place new games in because at this price a new game is usually a remake or a remaster or a re-release of an older game or a kind of expensive indie game that got a physical release but there's still a ton of games to talk about here. Starting with Must Buy we have Metroid Prime remastered. I debated this because it kind of goes against my own role. This is a much older game. This was a GameCube game that released 20 odd years ago and it's been remastered for the Switch. It is so good though. Maybe I'm being a little biased with this one but if I didn't put this in Must Buy we'd only have one other new game in here and that's Disney Illusion Island. Disney Illusion Island is a great four player game to play with your family or your friends. I played it with Kim and we had a lot of fun. So those are the new games but I will say that Mario and Rabbit sparks of hope. It's a turn-based strategy game made by Ubisoft but with the Mario characters and the rabbit characters. There's a lot of cool cinematics and story but also just fun gameplay. And then I usually always recommend the Overcooked Double Pack. It's just a great party game and kind of a Switch classic. Just be careful when buying Overcooked because there are two standalone releases of the first and second game and they're digital only. Okay, moving on to the maybe. Blasphemous 2 got a physical. This is a very gritty and brutally difficult game for much older audiences. I'm surprised it even got a physical but if you know someone that loves Dark Souls or those more challenging games this could keep them busy for a while. Tunic got a physical release. I think it's a little too expensive but this game is a lot like old-school 2D top-down Zelda's. We love Katamari Rero and Royal Reverie. A weird name for a Katamari game but these games are always mindless, fun and weirdly soothing. And then Dead Cells one of my favorite games on the Switch has a new release with Return to Castlevania. It's the new Castlevania DLC but also all of the DLC for this game ever smushed into one new release. There is so much content here. That's all the new stuff and then as always we have Stardew Valley which I always recommend here and I've now realized for $35 for the physical you might be better off just buying the digital for $15. That's just because $15 is a steal for this game. It's still worth it even at $35. Sonic Frontiers it is in this price point but I keep seeing it on sale for $20. Sonic Frontiers is if Sonic met Breath of the Wild in a way and I actually liked this game more than I thought I would. No Man's Sky has dipped down from $60 to $30 which is an incredible price. Whether you've played this game or not No Man's Sky runs incredibly well on the Switch. Near Order Martyr is a fantastic port on the Switch. TMNT Shredder's Revenge Risk of Rain 2 is a hidden gem roguelike with hours of fun to play with friends. Crisis Core Cuphead It Takes 2 a perfect game to play with a loved one I played it through with Kim one of the best co-op games of all time Zelda's Skyward Sword HD Dying Light A Fool Ultimate Edition of a Zombie Survival Game that shouldn't work this well on Switch but really does and also has co-op with four friends Dragon Ball Z Kakarot Ninokuni 2 Spirit Pharah is a classic any of the Darksiders games Clubhouse Games 51 not only is it Scott the Was' favorite Nintendo Switch game but it has 51 classic games and then you got your classics your Hollow Knight your Moonlighter your Undertale Shovel Knight all these indie gems that really help buff out a library I actually have a shocking amount of avoids in this category too I think I was way harsher this year Oh! Everybody Want to Switch I can't believe they made a sequel to arguably the worst Nintendo made Nintendo Switch game but everybody want to switch is somehow worse than the original Bluey the Video Game this one came out of nowhere a lot of people are picking up this game for their kids because it's Bluey and the game looks cool from the outside and it's about as long as an episode of Bluey the game can be finished by pretty much anyone in about an hour so for $40 yeah I'd be pissed LEGO 2K Drive this one actually looks promising and some reviews I saw online said it wasn't that bad the reason why it's here is because it's no Mario Kart and also it's a full-price game with a lot of microtransaction I don't know I think that's just kind of toxic when I was at GameStop I saw Harvest Moon the Winds of Anthos and I always feel bad for anybody that get tricked by the newest Harvest Moon every year these are essentially glorified mobile games at this point shoddily made and thrown out for cheap cash the developer of the good Harvest Moon games of yesteryear has moved on to story of seasons games which are much better if you find those but I would recommend Fei Farm like I talked about earlier or even Cozy Groove has a physical release now and then a couple of wacky games that look like they're targeted at kids so I wanted to mention them the Grinch Christmas adventure came out recently even Kim looked at it like oh that might be cute it's not it looks awful and even worse than that is Inspector Gadget Mad Time Party just look at this gameplay who's making these? is Inspector Gadget still even a thing? who's buying that for their kid in 2023? some other games I've seen on the shelf that I would recommend staying away from definitely the physical version of Friday the 13th which is still $30 on GameStop and that game doesn't work anymore the servers got shut down Digimon Survive it did dip down to $30 from 60 last year it's a big old graphic novel disguised as a JRPG and then the list of free games that for some reason you can pay for if you go in store Overwatch, Among Us, Fortnite and Apex all of those you can find at your local GameStop or Target and all of those you can go onto your switch and download them for free without spending a single dollar they even get kind of toxic with it too like Fortnite I've noticed since I've been doing these releases a new physical bundle every single year to capitalize on the holiday season and this year it's the Transformers Pack it's like $30 for Fortnite and Rocket League that's another one that's free now I would also stay away from Bravely Default 2 just because it's not good Balan Wonderworld however cheap it gets $10 is not cheap enough they should pay you to play it and then I always like to throw shade at Little Town Hero because it looks cute I always see it on the shelf and it's not good now the Cheapy Cheap if you're looking for a stocking stuffer or you just want to spend 10 bucks on something here's the $10 to $20 category and I gotta be honest this is kind of a hard category to figure out because this time of year so many games are $20 on sale so really if I was going by sale prices this would be a completely different list also it's hard to find a new must buy game that's $10 games don't come out for new at that price the only two games I have in must buy are games that came out last year Eastwood and Hades Eastwood I'm just biased about such a beautiful and fun game and then Hades oh Hades is awesome I will always recommend that game it's one of my favorite games of forever I wouldn't randomly buy either of these for a kid but either would make a good present for anybody else then we have a maybe category but for $10 to $20 you can take a gamble you know what I mean Immortals Phoenix Rising is always on sale for $20 which is criminally good I love this game it is so much like Breath of the Wild it's a hidden gem and a perfect game to just toss someone's way for 20 bucks Neon White has a physical now Cadence of Hyrule Cult of the Lamb Game Builder Garage is constantly on sale for around $15-$20 this game is a game where you make your own game so if you have like a smart kid that loves tinkering with things building things or they want to make their own games one day this could be a step in the direction of that Crash Bandicoot 4 Crash Insane Trilogy Crash Team Racing all of these were on the top shelf of my GameStop and I see them every time I go in and they're always like 20 bucks it's Crash it's good same goes for Spyro Trilogy Tony Hawk 1 and 2 Super Monkey Ball Goose Game I'm pretty sure you can play two players now but it's fun just to watch somebody play it the first Mario and Rabbids is always $15 don't get it mixed up with the new one Bioshock Collection is $10 right now you know it's bad when we're in this category and I'm still saying don't buy it but Nick All-Stars Brawl is down to $20 and I'm saying don't buy it because the sequel is way better also don't buy that because it's digital only you're kind of screwed and then the Staples I always say don't buy WWE Battlegrounds Troll and I Carnival Games Travis Strikes Again Wonderful 101 I threw down here this time The Outer Worlds the game is so good everywhere but Switch and you would think that would be it but I have a bonus $5 category this year right now at GameStop Starlink just the game is $5 that's insane you don't need any of the toys to play this game you get access to all the starting kit stuff digitally if you buy just the game and then if you want to not buy the toys at all from there you can buy whatever you want digitally in the game but you don't have to you can literally finish this game on the $5 I'm pretty sure either way you can play this game for $5 I hope that this buying guide just like many of my others help you this holiday season figuring out what to buy whoever you're buying for or if you watch these just to see where I put stuff to see if you agree thanks for watching anyway and let me know down below how I did I always feel really bad when I miss a game so I try really hard to make sure that I don't it's really tough at this point because the switch has thousands of games in its library even physically I know because I I have a lot of those and I have to just ignore certain games even ones that I think you might see out when you're shopping but I mean am I going to sit here and go through every game so yeah I'm not going to cover everything and I think it's safe to say if I left a game off the list it's because I don't even think it's really worth talking about but if you're interested in the game I haven't mentioned then definitely do your own research hi everyone I love you all thank you so much for watching this video like and subscribe and leave a comment down below and I look forward to seeing you a lot more before Christmas or the holidays or Hanukkah or whatever you celebrate hey okay bye


episode of Business in Hawaii. My name is Kevin Lai and we are broadcasting live from the ThinkTech studios in downtown Honolulu. Today we will be addressing one aspect of the 2019 HealthSpan Hawaii Summit sponsored by the Regenerative Medicine Association of Hawaii. Nobel Laureate Mario Capecchi was the keynote speaker and the exciting meeting combined reports about new medical technologies and encouraging the idea of health travel beyond that of typical medical tourism to further diversify the economy of the state of Hawaii. And we established Hawaii as a place to come to be treated to bring one's family and to stay for recovery thereafter. Does Hawaii have what it takes to achieve this goal? We have identified two clinicians in Hawaii with indelible interest in different aspects of rejuvenate of medicine who have plenty to say about this. In the studio today is Dr. Melanie Tantasira founder of the True Vision Center in Honolulu. Dr. Tantasira is a graduate of the John A. Burns School of Medicine, is a board certified ophthalmologist and is now an innovative entrepreneur maintaining an active practice in Honolulu while focusing on oculoplastic surgery. He also serves as an assistant clinical professor at Jebson. Welcome Dr. Tantasira. Thank you. Dr. Tantasira what is new in cosmetic technology in Hawaii these days? Oh we have quite a few techniques that we're applying into cosmetic medicine and good for example we have some medications that last longer these are very new and obviously anything that lasts longer is better for the patient. We can customize treatments to each individual patient therefore allowing access to a broader range of patients and that's wonderful for them. We also have medications that are created by recombinant DNA therapy treatments and we even use PRP which is platelet-rich plasma which is a component of each patient's blood. It's been used in other areas of medicine but now it's in cosmetic medicine and so that will help patients feel faster. Super is there anything else that comes to mind? Anything else that comes to mind? Well those are the main ones that are in my mind. Are you thinking of anything specific? I understand there's some treatments that could almost make a patient look as if they'd have a smartphone filter applied to them. Oh sure that's when we use the very customized treatments. We use therapies that we've already been doing and we apply them to each patient as an individual. We want to make them look more like themselves kind of better so they bring in what they want to look like and we create it for them so that's what I mean by very customized. Sure. Yeah we can do that definitely. What about the age ranges of some of the patients these days? Yeah okay this is very interesting. We're starting to see both younger patients and older patients. It used to be that when we thought about who would come in for treatments it would be kind of like this middle age you know we thought people who were in their 40s and 50s and we used to think it was females. Now I'm seeing patients come in in their 20s. They want to prevent any damage. They never want to see a wrinkle in their face. They never want to look older. They want to look the same as they do right then because they look fantastic. So they'll start treatment really really early and they'll never get any damage saved like a frown line here in Hawaii. We have a lot of squinting. They won't ever develop lines from squinting in the sun and so they'll never have to erase it later. I also have patients at the other end. My patient is coming in in their 70s. I even had a patient in her 90s. She knew exactly what she wanted and fixed the problem that she wanted without surgery. It sounds like you're pretty keen on preventative treatments as well. Oh definitely. The primary preventative thing I have every patient on right away is sunscreen because our son is not a friend to your looks or to your skin cancers. Fantastic. What can you tell us what you mentioned about using old technologies today, chemicals or what not? Well we do have fillers. Okay fillers have been around for quite a long time. What we do with fillers is they take up volume okay. Old style with fillers was we fill a space like you have a smile line fill it up and it looks better. Now we use it to place it in a higher spot and because most of the lines are created by gravity pulling down on the face. So now we'll place it higher and lift the face and that erases the lines just as well but it looks more natural. So that's kind of old technology. However we have newer fillers which now last a long time. We have studies showing that the newest filler lasts five years going on 10 years and with the type of technology that's involved in it I see no reason why it wouldn't last for the rest of the patient's life which is great because right now most of the fillers we have have to be replaced every four months and maybe two years. A true advantage for the patient. Yes the patients love it because they don't have to come in every one to two years. They're going to be really really happy. I know you mentioned PRP earlier. Can you tell us a bit more about that how it's made and how it's used? Sure okay so PRP stands for platelet rich plasma okay so platelets are the cells that stop bleeding when there's an injury and because they're rushing to injuries they bring along growth factors so that will help with feeling the injuries. So when we take it and make it rich in the plasma so platelet rich plasma we enrich the plasma with platelets then we're going to have a high concentration of platelets and growth factors and the way we create that is we draw some blood and then we concentrate the platelets within the blood by using a centrifuge and concentrating that and then when we use that we can promote healing and we can make it faster in patients in any procedure that we're going to do. So PRP has been used in other areas of medicine and it's kind of new to cosmetic medicine. We have many different techniques that we use PRP in cosmetic medicine. I understand it can also be used for areas such as hair loss or for hair regrowth what can you tell us about that? Yes we do use that. In male and female balding it is felt that the hair follicles are somewhat damaged and so by injecting it into the areas of hair loss we are able to help repair those follicles and then we see regrowth of hair after a few treatments. So yeah it's a great area because given those side effects of having hair transplants if we can get growth of hair with just these simple treatments which are relatively non-invasive and are much shorter then that's a great advantage to the patients as well. Great I understand it may have some video of such a procedure. Yes I did bring a video that would be very nice. Okay so I'm meeting a patient here she's only 27 years old. This is my assistant who's prepping the patient and she will be drying some blood. You can see we use a very tiny needle and she will be drying a small amount of blood. So this patient suddenly had hair loss about a year ago and it's quite severe it causes her great distress so we're drying one tube of blood in this case it's about a teaspoon if we need more we can draw more than one tube okay so it's easily drawn just like giving blood at the lab then we're going to place this tube in the centrifuge. Our centrifuge is able to separate the blood components within seven minutes and then when you take out the tube you're going to be able to see the separation. The red blood cells are going to be at the bottom of the tube which is the outside the centrifuge and the top part has that golden fluid which is the plasma in the platelet and so now my assistant is going to withdraw the plasma through the long needle into the syringe and you can see how the blood cells are at the very bottom of the plasma is at the top and once she gets it into the syringe I can use it for any number of different methods and in this case because we're doing hair loss treatment I'm going to place a tiny needle on the end and here I'm prepping the treatment site I'm using alcohol I'm using a very strong alcohol to make sure it's disinfectant okay so once I disinfect the area I have this tiny needle and I'm just going to place small amounts all along the areas of hair loss okay so you can see it's a very small needle and it doesn't cause any pain or discomfort there's very little of any bleeding and I'm just going right along her part because her hair is quite thin along that area and I will just place it over her entire head the treatment took maybe 15 minutes here is the top of her head the crown where there's really significant thinning there's almost no hair growth in this area just finishing up a little bit of oozing is stopped by pressure and you can see that we're finishing up okay clean up the area and that's all there is to it okay and so the patient sits up she's doing great looking forward to having more hair in a few months thank you Dr. Tentas here that's fantastic I think we're going to take a quick break now for just a minute or two and we'll be back with Business in Hawaii in just a moment hi I'm Rusty Komori host of Beyond the Lines on Think Tech Hawaii my show is based on my book also titled Beyond the Lines and it's about creating a superior culture of excellence leadership and finding greatness I interview guests who are successful in business sports and life which is sure to inspire you in finding your greatness join me every Monday as we go Beyond the Lines at 11 a.m. Aloha Aloha I'm Wendy Lowe and I'm coming to you every other Tuesday at two o'clock live from Think Tech Hawaii and on our show we talk about taking your health back and what does that mean it means mind, body and soul anything you can do that makes your body healthier and happier is what we're going to be talking about whether it's spiritual health, mental health, fascia health, beautiful smile health whatever it means let's take healthy back Aloha back to this episode of Business in Hawaii and our discussion about how cosmetic and rejuvenate medicine could spark a new wave of health travel to Hawaii my name is Kevin Lai let's continue our conversation today we're going to hop over to Dr. Nat Ehrlich who's joining us today from his clinic in Makawau Maui Dr. Ehrlich thank you for making the time to join us today I wonder if you could share this a little bit about your practice and tell us about some of the procedures that you use to treat your patient okay well I've been in practice in Maui since 1988 with my area of specialization physical medicine and non-surgical orthopedic procedure, prolotherapy probably around 2003 prolotherapy is a system of injection regenerative techniques that use primarily higher concentrations of dextrose which is sugar to help remodel and repair damage can be such as 10 to that also PRP is one of the modalities I use that we you just heard about I use some cell-based therapies that are derived from autologous fat and bone marrow as well as neural prolotherapy and I use ultrasound guidance to both visualize in real time and guide my placement of the injections got it thank you Nat I wonder I understand that you were at the health span Hawaii summit and you were able to hear from Nobel laureate Mario Capecchi who shared the 2007 prize for physiology or medicine for his discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications to mice what did you garner from Dr. Capecchi or from the summit itself well uh Dr. Capecchi was great I think he is on to a new eyes tier of medicine where you know we can start to look at gene modification in this particular situation was really interesting with anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorders as everybody probably knows anxiety disorders are becoming increasingly a problem in the american population especially in women and to be that there's a future in being able to get into the gene aspect of it and help control it was really promising fantastic thank you well as you know there was a clear push during the health span Hawaii summit to address the concept of promoting health travel to Hawaii and there was a specific track dedicated to that process and I think that we may have a slide that displays what we call the continuum of care for health travel and there are a number of steps that are involved there and just a few of them are the actual medical and clinical treatment side of things which clinicians such as yourself and Dr. Tanta Sierra would focus it's important to realize that there is a large number of other aspects of providing a suitable safe friendly place for different patients and their families to come to be treated I wonder if you could tell us a little bit about what you think it would take for Hawaii to become a leader in international health travel well as a destination it's pretty easy to see all the benefits that we enjoy here as residents of Hawaii the lifestyle the year-round sun and access to fresh water and fresh air not fresh produce it's actually you know grown here like papayas and all the keeps us healthy which is a big part of our recovery in a lot of these regenerative procedures is remember for example a lot of the techniques I use are autologous meaning we're drawing cells and biologics from our own bodies or say from the body of the patient that's being treated and in that milieu that you're drawing from you're drawing cells and proteins that are sending the health of that particular individual so it's really important no matter what whether we're recovering or preparing or just in general to maintain a very healthy status Hawaii is one of the best states in the country to be able to offer that type of life so it's not hard to be able to imagine people wanting to seek Hawaii as a destination it's just a matter of to accommodate their needs as whatever procedures that they underwent would require of them I do a lot of work and typically after the given inflammatory after the procedure there's some downtime and then after you know a week or so they can begin to engage in some light whether it's weight resistance or swimming they can begin to rehabilitate and what better place than Hawaii for their families to come down enjoy a vacation while they give support to their family member that's you know undergoing these procedures that we're doing let me turn back to Dr. Tanzas Sir now for a moment what are your thoughts on the vision of markedly increasing and promoting Hawaii as a place for health travel well I think it's a great place to market and we have all the infrastructure in place so we you know we have already the tourism base and we have experience with taking care of the kind of a luxury market because medical medical tourism is relatively expensive we also have great clinicians we can offer cosmetic services and the broad gamut from very simple procedures to total body makeovers and I do agree about the environment being a large part of the healing mechanism so we have everything in place I think it would be a great place and a great industry to access maybe it will take some kind of coordination we may need a medical tourism board in order to make that happen but I do think it would be very popular and wonderful for the patients I mean many people dream of coming to Hawaii just once in their lifetime I've talked to those people and if they can also have a procedure done that they want or need then what better place to come than to come here right on thank you now Dr. Ehrlich I know you mentioned that some of your work is dealing with orthopedics and those types of procedures could you tell us a little bit more about that and perhaps how the environment of Hawaii could be beneficial for your patients Hawaii is attractive to a lot of people worldwide because of the lifestyle we have a weekend both of a very free lifestyle that Hawaii can offer whether it's on water or sports and as a result people tend to seek out practitioners that are doing regenerative procedures in the world of orthopedics and regenerative medicine it it's it makes sense to a lot of people who are very active if they incur an injury that a prudent approach to their recovery would be instead of just jumping right into surgery that they do try something which would be more natural basically trying to harness the body's own ability to heal itself and use those factors for example PRP and then stimulate the body itself in most cases especially with osteoarthritis and degenerative joint disease these conditions aren't necessarily emergency conditions for surgery it is prudent to try something that won't hurt the patients such as PRP or some of these therapies chemotherapy especially when they're autologous meaning that the cells are being generated from that patient when these conditions are met and it's and it's not immediate surgery the worst I can see is that those particular procedures won't completely offer the 100 percent recovery and then in the long run surgery waits for that patient but in the best case scenario is and it happens often in my experience is that surgery can be averted so for people that are very active you know this this is actually very attractive think that we'll be seeing a greater degree of numbers of practitioners that are practicing regenerative medicine and for sure in the future this will be the future of medicine certainly now I'll toss this out to either of you are there any regulatory issues or concerns that patients should be aware about when dealing and seeking regenerative or even rejuvenative medical procedures? I don't see any new regulatory issues some of this therapy is not necessarily regulated as it's new and it falls under the practice of medicine the for example the PRP is not an quote FDA approved statement but it is something that has been used over and over over the years in orthopedics as Dr. Ehrlich has mentioned and in dental procedures so there is a standard of care that has been established and it's actually becoming quite common in cosmetic treatments so that's not something that is regulated by the FDA it becomes something that is standard of care within the practice and that is still not it's certainly not disapproved by the FDA no no regulatory issues are known in that regular treatment and thank you and Dr. Ehrlich I know you may have done some additional research about this is anything else come to mind? Well you know the field is broad and there's a lot of talk these days about those stem cells are being heralded now for treatment and cure of a lot of conditions my practice tends to focus almost entirely in orthopedic work and so I don't treat a lot of general medical conditions with a lot of the biologics that are that I previously mentioned for the majority of my cases I use PRP and PRP is great if you go to my website drnat.com slash nd there's a section on all the research and articles that I have amassed there and it's organized by areas of the body PRP I think it's safe to say is fairly well accepted even though it's not yet entirely FDA approved there's so many studies that show the efficacy of that particular care that I don't think that one's falling into question on question regarding cell therapies and for the most part the FDA is looking in the position that that I'm understanding that they're taking as of you know a week or so ago is that if you take you take either bone marrow or you take fat out of the body it must be minima at the best minimally manipulated so when you begin to add other agents or culture that particular milieu then you're going to start to enter into an area where he is going to call that you know autologous product a drug and once it becomes a drug then it needs to comply with a whole host of different types of requirements that the FDA has and so that's not an area that I really get this point I'm wondering what happens there's other countries that are way I would say more advanced in this world of these types of cell cellular treatments and that's because they federal or FDA type regulation imposed upon them so you hear of a lot of American citizens going abroad to get these treatments and a lot of it is pretty good I mean from what I've seen and from what I've empirically observed most of these patients that are going abroad to get them they're paying a lot but they're getting good results with it so yeah I'm going to wait and see how this plays out like I said the PRPs for me is an area that I've been doing since 2010 and I've not seen any kind of problems with it at all only really great results and in the more cases where somebody's really back up against the wall potentially facing surgery and they're going to need some kind of cellular therapy then I'll go with bone marrow in those kind of situations but I'm not really doing it any kind of the concoctions with that it's just extracting the bone marrow and they're acting okay thank you well in the few minutes that we have left let's turn back to a couple of exciting therapies that patients might be able to have when they would come to Hawaii for treatments in the future Dr. Tendaseer can you tell us a little bit about lasers lasers I love talking about lasers um yes I do skin lasers which is for rejuvenation or making the skin look younger my favorite one is a CO2 because it goes deep and creates a lot of change and rejuvenates very very well so it goes down to the dermis which is the deepest layer of the skin and it creates a lot of cellular activity that's where most of the rejuvenation can occur so I actually combine it with PRP treatment because immediately after the treatment there are openings from the surface of the skin down to the dermal layer intact skin in between so it heals excuse me fast and then when we add the PRP just it the PRP is just absorbed into this dermis and the growth factors can go to work it heals faster that way um more collagen is developed and the more collagen that's developed the thicker the skin is the fine lines go away because the skin is so thick um the medium wrinkles are improved and patients just love their new skin and they tell me oh my skin is as smooth as a baby's bottom sounds kind of crazy but that's the way it is just very briefly can you tell us a little bit about the use of needles or micro needles okay yes micro needles um they sort of create the same sort of um activity but without without the amount of trauma a laser does so they also will pierce the skin we use hundreds of little needles on a device that then goes all over the entire face um in the office we can go deeper and of course we maintain spiral technique we can numb the patient so we can do a slightly more aggressive treatment also we now our device doing PRP because again it can help with the healing and it does something similar to the laser just not quite as much all right thank you well with that appears to be almost all the time available for this edition of business in hawaii on think tech I'd like to thank our esteemed guest Dr. Melanie Tantasira and Dr. Nat Erlich for joining us today providing their candid commentaries so my name is Kevin Lai on behalf of guild consulting I would like to thank each of you as well for watching this episode of business in hawaii and learning about the potential role of cosmetic and rejuvenated medicine in the future of health travel to hawaii let us know what you think aloha