On July 4th, 1860, in the wake of Lincoln's presidential campaign, a group of Virginia Republicans in the town of O'Coughlin raised a flag with the names Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin on it. This small Virginia town would end up casting more votes for Lincoln than the rest of Virginia combined. But the neighboring residents who did not support Lincoln weren't happy about the flag. George Potter, an officer in the Virginia Militia, wrote to Richmond on July 18 asking to have the flag removed. Governor Letcher said that he had no authority to take down the flag. But people in Prince William County, the county that O'Coughlin was part of, weren't satisfied with Letcher's answer. A meeting was held at the courthouse in Brinsville, and the attendees decided that the Lincoln banner had to be destroyed. One Republican, William Athe, sent a wire to Governor Letcher asking for help, as they were about to be set on by a mob of 300 people because of their political opinions. Letcher responded, instructing General Epa Huntin in the county to maintain order, even if it meant using military force. But he wasn't really ordering General Huntin to protect the Republicans who raised the Lincoln banner. In fact, he referred to Athe's request for protection as, quote, about the most consummate piece of impudence and audacity that has ever come under our notice, end quote. On July 27th, Captain William Thornton led the Prince William Militia to the Liberty Pole, as it was called, and the men set up a perimeter around it. On the top of the pole was the United States flag, and just under it was the Lincoln banner. But when a 40-man militia came in from Brinsville, the soldiers took no action to protect the flag. Just for some context, by the way, the Liberty Pole was the private property of a local merchant named Joseph Janney, and he came out about this time to ask that the flag pole be respected. He said that he was not a Republican, and he did not agree with the politics of the people who raised the Lincoln banner. But they had done so with his permission, and his property rights should be respected on the matter. Janney's request was ignored. One of the men in the militia was James W. Jackson from nearby Fairfax County. O'Cockwyn was part of Prince William County, but it was right on the border of Fairfax. Jackson stepped up, raised his axe, and swung the first blow against the Liberty Pole. None of the other soldiers stepped in to stop him or other Brinsville men as they chopped the Liberty Pole to pieces and then took the U.S. flag, the Lincoln banner, and the pieces of the flag pole back with them to Brinsville. Just under a year later, James W. Jackson would find himself faced with a different mob of soldiers, threatening his own Confederate flag flying on top of his own private property. Jackson owned a hotel on the corner of King and South Pitt Street in Alexandria, Virginia. The hotel advertised itself as exemplifying Southern hospitality, and the flag pole on the roof held a Confederate flag. This for those who don't know is the original stars and bars of the Confederacy before they designed the more iconic Southern Cross that came later to avoid a battlefield confusion since the first Confederate flag looked similar to the United States flag. On May 24th, Colonel Elmer Ellsworth led a company of New York's wabs down the street until they came upon the Marshall House and saw the Confederate flag flying. Upon debarking from the steamer that transported his men, Ellsworth made promises to Lieutenant Rygert Lowry that he wouldn't fire on anyone, though his men had already exchanged some gunfire while debarking before he spoke to Lowry, and Ellsworth also promised that he would respect private property. But just as Jackson had rejected any notion of private property rights at the site of the Lincoln banner a year earlier, Ellsworth would abandon his promise upon seeing Jackson's Confederate flag flying about the hotel. Ellsworth was being followed by a reporter from the New York Tribune, and he wanted to gain himself some glory. He barged into the hotel, harassed a customer inside, and went up the stairs to get access to the flag, posted guards at each floor, borrowed a knife from one of his men, and cut down the flag. Then, ceremoniously, Ellsworth draped the Confederate flag around his shoulders and started back down the stairs. This all took place in the morning, and most of the hotel guests were still getting out of bed, but as can be expected, the commotion in the hotel woke them up. As Ellsworth was trying to leave the house, he unknowingly passed by James Jackson's room. Jackson stepped out with a double-barrel shotgun in hand, and when Ellsworth turned around with Jackson's flag around his shoulders like a cape, Jackson emptied the barrel of his shotgun in Ellsworth's chest, making him the first officer killed in the Civil War. But the shot that killed Ellsworth was the only one that Jackson would be able to fire off. The Zwobs who witnessed the killing of their officer unloaded their firearms on Jackson, who fell down the stairs of the hotel, where he was repeatedly gored with bayonets. Both Ellsworth and Jackson became heroes and martyrs for their respective sides of the war.  It is ironic, though, that he would lose his life defending his flag and his property when, less than a year prior, he had been the one violating the property of someone else to remove a flag that he didn't like. Draw what lessons you made from this story. I just find it interesting to think about. But the taking of the Marshall House began the quote-unquote liberation of Alexandria, Virginia. And with the exception of some minor naval conflicts, this was the first real active war on Virginia soil. But of course, with its close proximity to Washington, D.C., Virginia would be the primary battleground for the next four years. I'm Chris Calton, and this is the Mises Institute podcast, Historical Controversies. In the last two episodes, we began the story of Maryland's Union Occupation, the Pratt Street riot that so often gets skipped over in Civil War histories, as well as Lincoln's Declaration of Martial Law and the Union Occupation of the State, which would set the precedent for some of Lincoln's most controversial policies during the war. But although we will be returning to that topic later, I want to turn today to Virginia, where we can see the beginning of real warfare leading up to the first battle of Bull Run, or Manassas. I'll go ahead and say that I keep rethinking how I want to tell this story because there's so much interesting stuff going on at one time in different areas of the country, which will obviously be even more true as the war progresses. Originally, I was going to talk about the conflicts in Missouri that take place before Bull Run, but because so many of these different military operations are good standalone stories, I think I've decided to try to focus on various campaigns at a time so I can complete one general story before moving on to another to make it easier to keep track of the characters and events. But this means that the chronology is going to jump back and forth quite a bit as we move from one region to another. So it's impossible to avoid potential confusion in the narrative, but I'm going to do the best I can to tell the story of the Civil War in a way that is relatively easy to follow. I also want to mention before we get into the meat of today's episode that you may notice that I'm not consistent with the naming scheme that I use for the battles. It's pretty common knowledge that the Confederacy in the Union had different names for the battles, with the Confederacy generally using the closest town and the Union using some nearby landmark like a river. And every historian has their own preference for which one to use. When I'm writing and recording the scripts, it's easy for me to unconsciously jump back and forth in what name I use for the battles. In an ideal world, I'd pick a name scheme and apply it consistently. But with the weekly production of a podcast, I just don't have the time to meticulously proofread and rerecord things when I unconsciously change battle names. So always let you know what both names of the major battles are. And we will just have to tolerate my inconsistency and how I refer to them. I apologize in advance. But since the books I reference are not consistent in the battle names, I don't have faith that I'm going to avoid inadvertently jumping back and forth myself. Anyway, with that, we can move back to the story of Virginia. Lieutenant Colonel Robert E. Lee was stationed in Texas in January of 1861. Like General Winfield Scott, Lee was a Virginian. Like Scott, he did not want to leave the Union. And like Scott, he did not desire war. But unlike General Scott, Robert E. Lee believed that his loyalty belonged to his state first and nation second. Writing his son from Texas in January, Lee expressed his concerns about the crisis the country was facing. He wrote to his son, Custis, who favored the South. Quote, the South, in my opinion, has been aggrieved by the acts of the North, as you say. I feel the aggression and am willing to take every proper step for redress. It is the principle I contend for, not individual or private gain. As an American citizen, I take great pride in my country, her prosperity and institutions, and would defend any state if her rights were invaded. But I can anticipate no greater calamity for the country than dissolution of the Union. It would be an accumulation of all the evils we complain of. And I am willing to sacrifice everything but honor for its preservation. I hope, therefore, that all constitutional means will be exhausted before there is recourse to force. Secession is nothing but revolution. It is idle to talk of secession. Anarchy would have been established and not a government by Washington, Hamilton, Jefferson, Madison, and the other patriots of the revolution. Still, a union that can only be maintained by swords and bayonets and in which strife and civil war are to take the place of brotherly love and kindness has no charm for me. I shall mourn for my country and for the welfare and progress of mankind. If the union is dissolved and the government disrupted, I shall return to my native state and share the miseries of my people and save and defense will draw my sword on none." Robert E. Lee was expressing an interesting mixture of positions in his letter. He agreed that the North was guilty of the offenses that the South claimed, but he rejected the compact theory of the Constitution or the legality of secession. However, he said something that I do find striking. I am willing to sacrifice everything but honor for the preservation of the union. A few episodes ago, when talking about Robert Anderson at Fort Sumter, I compared his notion of honor to the story of Candide by Voltaire. Honor to Anderson meant unflinching duty to the government and military he served. To Robert E. Lee, whatever faults we may find in him, I'm not a Robert E. Lee apologist by any means, but to him honor was something more than unwavering loyalty to his government or his military. And the use of force, as he mentioned, to maintain the union, even if he believed secession to be entirely wrong-headed, the use of force against the seceding states would not be honorable. It is also telling, in the last line of the quote, that he swore to only take up his sword in defense. And that is, like so many other people, what Robert E. Lee believed he was doing. He was defending his home state against an aggressive power. This was his sincere perspective, right or wrong. Not long after sending this letter, Lee was promoted to colonel. On April 18th, the day before Virginia would secede, Lee made a visit to Francis Preston Blair, the father of Lincoln's postmaster General Montgomery Blair. Blair had requested the visit, and when Lee arrived, he found out why. Lincoln had recently called for 75,000 troops, which meant that a large army was being assembled. The president needed somebody who could take command, and he authorized Blair to offer the post to Lee. Should Lee accept the offer, he would be promoted to major general, and with the complete support of the union government, he would be the commanding officer of the United States Army. For any army officer, this was the opportunity of a lifetime. It would be the dream of most soldiers. But as I said earlier, Lee saw his duty as being to his state first, and his notion of honor was not exclusive to his military obligations. In a later account of the conversation, Lee said, quote, I declined the offer he made me to take command of the army that was to be brought into the field, stating as candidly and as courteously as I could, that though opposed to secession and deprecating war, I could take no part in an invasion of the southern states, end quote. When Lee visited General Winfield Scott, his fellow Virginian, shortly after the meeting with Blair, Scott said, quote, Lee, you have made the greatest mistake of your life, but I feared it would be so, end quote. Even before the state officially seceded, secessionists seized the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry and the Gosport Navy Yard in Norfolk. The decision to secede when Lee turned down the command probably wasn't very much in doubt. On April 19th, the decision had been made official for secession in Virginia and on April 20th, Lee resigned his commission in the United States Army. He sent a note tendering his resignation to war secretary Simon Cameron that was shortened to the point, but he also sent a personal note to General Scott that was a bit more heartfelt. Referring to his meeting with Scott two days earlier, Lee wrote, quote, I would have presented my resignation at once but for the struggle it has cost me to separate myself from a service to which I have devoted all the best years of my life and all the ability I possessed. During the whole of that time, more than a quarter of a century, I have experienced nothing but kindness from my superiors and a most cordial friendship from my comrades. To no one, General, have I been as much indebted as to yourself for uniform kindness and consideration and it has always been my ardent desire to meet your approbation. I shall carry to the grave the most grateful recollections of your kind considerations and your name and fame will always be dear to me. Save and defensive my native state, I never desire again to draw my sword. Be pleased to accept my most earnest wishes for the continuance of your happiness and prosperity and believe me, most truly yours are E. Lee, end quote. The next day, a Sunday, Lee attended church in Alexandria with one of his daughters and found the city in celebration. He didn't join them. Lee was well known in his state but the news of his resignation had not yet gotten around. That evening, Lee received a letter requesting his presence in Richmond, assuming correctly that the meeting regarded the defense of the state. Lee didn't hesitate to accept the invitation despite his sorrow at leaving the union and resigning from the US army. Even after the war, he said of his decision, quote, I did only what my duty demanded. I could have taken no other course without dishonor and if it all were to be done over again, I should act in precisely the same manner, end quote. In Richmond, Lee accepted the command of Virginia's provisional army and a month later he was promoted to full general in the Confederate army, one of the first five men given that rank. Lee immediately started thinking about how to best defend his country as he sometimes referred to Virginia. The area that most worried Lee was the Manassas Junction train station. The depot there was small and to less trained eyes, it would probably seem like an insignificant place. But the Manassas Gap Railroad connected with the Orange and Alexandria Railroad at Manassas Junction. If the Confederates lost it, the two sides of the large state would be cut off from each other. It would also put Richmond in a much more vulnerable situation since it was already uncomfortably close to the union capital, a fact that worried both the union and the Confederacy and would dictate much of the war effort for both sides. So on May 6th, Lee ordered Colonel Philip St. George Koch to take a regiment of volunteers there to protect Manassas Junction and Alexandria, Virginia. By mid-May, Lee was growing increasingly worried about Alexandria and wanted the men to be ready to reinforce the small garrison there. But there were less than 1,200 men at Manassas Junction and they were incredibly poorly equipped. Defending both Manassas Junction and Alexandria would spread them too thin, Koch said. A few days later, Lee ordered Brigadier General Millage Luke Bonham to take his men to reinforce Koch and take over command. Lee stressed that holding Manassas Junction was the top priority. On May 24th, Lee's fears about Alexandria were confirmed as the union soldiers in New York fire swabs entered the city and secured it for the union. Alexandria had spent five weeks in the Confederacy before succumbing to union occupation. In addition to the killings of Ellsworth and Jackson, as I talked about in the opening of the episode, the soldiers raided private homes throughout the city looking for weapons. One diarist, a woman named Anne Frobel, left a descriptive account of the soldier's searches. It's a long quote, but I'm gonna read it in full. Quote, I was left entirely alone sitting in the living room at work when in walked three officers, horrible creatures, dressed up in all their trappings, pistols stuck in their belts and swords clanging against the floor. I was frightened almost out of my wits. I never asked to them in or to be seated. I never said a word. I don't believe I could speak if I had tried. I did not know what was coming. I expected to be annihilated. Two of them stationed themselves on either side of the fireplace and held up the mantle piece with their shoulders. The other one strutted up to me and said, we have come to search this house. He turned and walked across the room to the sideboard, pulled open one of the drawers. At this time, one of our neighbors came in, looked in the door perfectly aghast with her mouth open and darted upstairs. Mr. Lieutenant Searcher, after opening the drawers and turning over the tablecloth and napkins and things that were in it, turned to me and said, this is a very disagreeable business. I stood up all the time as straight as a line. By this time, I was too indignant to feel afraid of them and replied, I should think so and not only disagreeable, but very degrading. The man let go the drawers and dropped back into a seat as if I had shot him. Said, I assure you, any search is only for firearms. I replied, ladies have very little use for firearms. And as my sister and myself were the only white people living in this house, you could hardly expect to find anything of the kind here.  If I had known it, I would not have disturbed you.  Fixed, I believe they call it and demanded something to eat, which was given to them.  All the roads in and about town are picketed and they will not allow us to bring anything from there so that with our own family and these horrible Yankee Germans, we are getting rather scarce of provisions. End quote. In another account, she speaks of a raid by the swabs, quote. Oh, the horrible, horrible red legs, the fire's waves. Here they come again with their tight blue skull caps and long cords and tassels hanging from the top knot. I think it possible they are more savage than the rest. They are our perfect terror. Their red clothes can be seen from afar. They are the New York City fire's waves. The soldiers seem to have no particular uniform. Each company seems to be capprised according to their own peculiar style and fancy. They came here dressed in all manner of frippery. Some in dark clothes with broad brimmed hats and long black plumes.  They searched Mr. Reed's house recently and found a confederate flag and then such filed doings never anyone heard of before. They tore the whole house and place up generally. They manacled him and dragged him off to town through all the water and mud holes they could find and up and down through every street until he was wearied and worn almost to death and then put him in prison where they kept him until he was forced to take the oath, whatever that is. Today is the first time we have ventured to leave home since the invasion. Some pickets were stationed about on the roads but they did not interfere with us but it was dreadful to see all the destruction all about. Fields thrown open, fences all down, fires all burning in the fields, piled up with rails, grain fields that so short a time ago were looking so beautiful and flourishing now covered over with tents and trampled over with horses and wagons and soldiers and everything pertaining to an army. The streets were also filled with them and so shockingly filthy that it made me shudder to walk on the pavements and everybody looking so sad and sorrowful and all having a talk of horror and wrong to tell. End quote.  The city of Newport News, Virginia fell bloodlessly at the end of May when Union naval vessels bombarded the fortifications protecting a railroad terminus at Ikea Creek. Nobody was killed and only one Virginian suffered a minor injury but the Confederates had little ammunition to defend their position and the unions took the city. The same day that Newport News fell, two small skirmishes took place in Fairfax in Arlington. A company of Union cavalry came upon the Fairfax courthouse at three o'clock in the morning. Nearby was Lieutenant Colonel Richard Ewell who quickly called every man he could to arms. A company of about 50 riflemen from Warrenton led by Captain John Maher responded and Ewell set them up across the road. US cavalrymen also consisting of about 50 men tried to charge through them but the Confederate riflemen let loose a volley that stopped the horsemen in their tracks. The Union men circled back and tried to charge again firing their revolvers and waving sabers at the Virginians. Again, they failed and fled leaving behind a handful of tossed weapons and dead horses, their riders taken prisoner. Union officer Captain Maher was killed and Confederate officer Lieutenant Colonel Ewell took a bullet to the shoulder. The Confederates suffered similar losses to that of the Union with one dead and a few injured including another officer who was shot in the foot. Only a few hours later another small skirmish broke out at Arlington Mill when company G of the 11th New York Infantry were attacked by a small group of Virginia militiamen only nine of them by one account. The Virginians approached the Union camp and let loose a volley hitting two Union soldiers one of whom died before being driven back. After having been removed from Baltimore Benjamin Butler was stationed at Fort Monroe overseeing a few thousand Union troops on the peninsula between the York River and James River. He set up two camps of soldiers outside the fort. After Newport News fell to the Union Colonel John Magruder set his men not far from Butler's men at Big Bethel and Little Bethel. Magruder's job was to stop the soldiers at Monroe from making any more ground toward Richmond and he set up his camps deliberately close to Butler's men to try to draw them out. One interesting piece of trivia by the way is one of Magruder's men was the grandson of Thomas Jefferson who led a team of artillerists there. Butler took the bait coming up with a plan to send two detachments of soldiers to attack from either side. He wanted the attack to take place at dawn and he had his men march in the dark of night. His men were instructed to wear something white on their arms and Butler came up with watch words so they could signal to each other and avoid friendly fire but this was of no help. Two separate groups of New York soldiers bumped into each other neither one suspecting to find friendly soldiers where they were and one column opened fire. The officers tried to reign in the chaos calling their men to retreat until they could figure out what was going on but the gunshots had already signaled their presence to the Confederates. The Union officers in charge of the operation Ebenezer Pierce and Theodore Winthrop tried to move forward with the plan. They converged on Little Bethel only to find it already abandoned. The Union soldiers set fire to what remained before moving on to the Big Bethel church where the Confederates were already ready for them. The Confederate soldiers there consisted of Colonel Daniel Harvey Hill and his North Carolina regiment. Hill signaled for reinforcements and was answered by the arrival of some Virginians and an artillery battalion bringing their numbers to nearly 1500. They were still grossly outnumbered by the 3000 or so Union troops who started their attack at 9 a.m. led by General Pierce. On either side of the Confederate encampment were bridges. Pierce split his men up and sent them over the bridges. They aimed their artillery at the Confederate fortifications. The superior Union forces were able to force the Confederates back to their primary entrenchment and they took the Confederate fort. But they didn't keep it long as another group of Union soldiers came in to flank the fort only to run into another group of Union soldiers who had gotten lost in the woods. So the first group mistook the lost soldiers for the enemy and fell back. There was no consistency in uniforms at this time and most of the soldiers were wearing only their civilian clothings. The Union soldiers had white bands around their arms and the Confederates similarly had white ribbons around their hats. But in the heat of battle this was hardly enough to tell friend from foe. The confused leader of the group ordered his men to fall back and the North Carolinians were able to retake their position. Magruder sent another group of Virginians in his reinforcements carrying with them a howitzer. The Union soldiers took refuge in nearby buildings and a group of North Carolinians offered to run out and set fire to the buildings to drive them out. During the attempt the Union soldier took a bullet to the skull. He would end up being the only Confederate casualty that day. The rest of the volunteers failed to set fire to the buildings but their artillery was finally able to drive the Union soldiers out. The West Road around Big Bethel was now completely secure for the Confederacy. To the East Theodore Winthrop was still holding up with a regiment of Massachusetts and Vermont volunteers. While attention was focused more on the West of the church Winthrop was able to move around the Confederates and come upon a seemingly vulnerable position only to find himself and his men taking fire from another group of North Carolinians. Three of his men were killed and a handful more were injured. To urge his men onward Major Winthrop climbed a fence and waved his sword but his men were green and they couldn't be compelled to expose themselves to the gunfire. While he was trying to encourage his men he took a bullet through his heart killing him instantly. His men watched as his body toppled to the ground but the Confederates would later consider him the only Union soldier to display even an ounce of courage during the entire battle. Finally General Pierce accepted his defeat and called his men to retreat. They tried to load up their dead and wounded as well as their weapons but when they found themselves being chased by Virginia cavalrymen they dropped their dead comrades and more importantly all of their weapons letting the Confederates gain a nice supply of Northern arms. They set fire to the new market bridge to seal their escape but the Confederates won the day losing only one man while the Yankees lost 18 including Major Winthrop in addition to more than 50 wounded. The Northern press excoriated Butler for the embarrassing defeat at Big Bethel but staying consistent with his character Butler blamed it on the incompetence of his subordinate officers. In truth both were probably to blame for the poor performance. A week later one other small skirmish would take place in Vienna, Virginia when a battalion of Confederate infantry hid on either side of the railroad tracks to wait for a group of Union soldiers who they had learned would be passing by them. When the Union men came the Confederates ambushed them killing eight and injuring a few more. There were also a few small confrontations in Western Virginia but I'll be coming back to that campaign after the first battle of Bull Run. Even though these skirmishes would pale in comparison to later battles they were significant events in the month of June 1861. Fort Sumter is the event that we generally point to as the start of the war but these few battles were for many people particularly in Virginia the beginning of actual warfare and they would open the door for the first major battle of the war the first battle of Bull Run. While all of these minor conflicts were taking place the stage was being set for this larger conflict. A week after the Confederate government voted to move their capital to Richmond on May 20th Jefferson Davis was on his way there. On May 28th while he was still traveling President Davis sent orders to Pierre Beauregard the hero of Fort Sumter to the Confederacy to come to Richmond. On May 31st Robert E. Lee and Jefferson Davis met for the first time during the war to discuss strategy. Davis was originally going to send Beauregard to Norfolk to protect the Navy Yard but Robert E. Lee convinced the president who of course had plenty of military experience himself that Manassas Junction was the place that needed to be secured. Davis was convinced instead of sending Beauregard to Norfolk he heeded Lee's advice and sent him to take over command at Manassas Junction a decision made for two reasons first Beauregard was experienced at constructing defenses and two he was extremely popular among South Carolinians so he would easily command the loyalty of Brigadier General Bonham and his regiment of South Carolina volunteers. We will start looking at the campaign leading up to the first battle of Bull Run or the first battle of Manassas in the next episode. Historical controversies is a production of the Ludwig von Mises Institute. If you would like to support the show please subscribe on iTunes, Google Play or Stitcher and leave a positive review. You can also support the show financially by donating at Mises.org slash Support HC. If you would like to explore the rest of our content please visit Mises.org that's M-I-S-E-S dot O-R-G.


The Polish-Canadian U.S. forces are doing explosive, mechanical, and a ballistic breach class. Today is an inert day. We're just teaching how to do it without live rounds tomorrow. Everything's going to be live on the range. We said entry versus breach. What's the definition again? The difference between entry and breach? Well, the breach is what? A force. So everybody's going to learn to build two types of charges, a collar charge for door handles and a flex linear for the whole door. And we're going to teach both nations familiarization after that. Canadians are going to show us some of their urban breaching techniques. We're going to show them some of ours and the soldiers are going to learn both.


With regards to the boy, can I continue? The man in handcuffs smiled. Yes, Johnny, why are you now sad? The constable looked and he smiled, as the guitar began to twang. Joey, why are you smiling? Yes, Miss. I'm sorry about your father, Johnny. But my father is a policeman and he does very dangerous work, and I'm so proud of him. And the man in handcuffs suddenly said, This life is so free, is the thing for me. And why are all my learners frowning? We don't understand much. The man is in handcuffs. How can he sing about freedom? We're confused. And the constable smiled and said no word, as if unconscious of what he heard. And so they went on till the train came in, the convict and the boy with the guitar. Viewers, we see that people experience different emotions when reading or listening to a poem. Here are some of the emotions the learners experience. Sadness, that's unhappiness. Or there's a feeling of wonder or admiration, loneliness. Or feeling isolated, empathy to have compassion with someone. Tried to feel satisfaction about an achievement and confusion, which is puzzlement or not understanding something. A poet, the person who writes verses or rhymes, writes according to his or her own or other people's feelings and experiences. We can now look further into this poem to understand it better. Learners, now if you all listen to the poem that I read, now I would like to ask you a few questions. My first question is, why do you think did the poet write this poem? Yes, maybe he was just waiting for the joint and the boy inspired him. Oh, he used to be like that boy once, and he reminded him of himself. My next question, what is the lesson learnt in this poem? I think even if the person does not have the best of everything, he can make the best of something else. Very good answer. Or she, indeed. Now, where did the scene of this poem take place? At the railway station. Very good. Who can tell me, what was the title of the poem? At the railway station, a boy. Very good. A person who writes the poem is called A. A poemess. Now, how many stanzas does this poem have? Two musk. My next question is, words, what do we call words in the poem that sound the same? Rhyming words, for example, uses twang sang. Now, how many characters did I name in this poem? We. There was the policeman, the convict, the boy of the guitar. Can any one of you describe what the boy looks like? It's quite small, but he looks neglected by his friend being drunk. The convict in the poem sang a song. What did he sing? Yes, Jamie. There's life so free, it's the thing for me. Well done, Jamie. Learners, you are all fantastic. Viewers, to help ourselves understand and appreciate a poet's work, we can ask different questions. For example, why? Why is he saying this? Who is the main character? What is happening in the poem? How do different characters respond? Where does the action take place? And we can describe the different characters. Now, we can summarize today's lesson on the emotions expressed by poets and how we can respond to these emotions. We have learned that people respond to poems by showing different emotions. These emotions can be sadness, empathy, loneliness, happiness, pride, confusion, surprise and all. We also ask different questions to understand why the poet wrote the poem and to get clarity on the message from the poet. We ask questions like why, what, who, where and how. And we describe some of the characters we learned about in the poem. As you can see, poems can be enjoyed by everyone. Any time and any place. So do not be afraid to try it yourself. Who knows? The learners of a future generation may read your poems in a class one day. Well, it was a pleasure having you in our company. Our last lesson will be about simple and complex sentences. See you then. Take care. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.


My biggest worry is the gap in digital skills. Technological advancements in the workplace are at an extraordinary pace, but to some, the pace is a bit too extraordinary. Technologies are now crucial to driving businesses forward and yet with a lack of digital skills amongst existing workforces and trained people to fill up digital roles, this becomes an obstacle to push economies and societies to their fullest potential. It may even cause segregation and regression, especially in developing regions. My biggest worry is our youth getting left behind. There is a digital divide between the developing world and the developer world growing and our traditional workers being displaced and having no beneficial alternatives. My biggest concern is that the future of employment is not the skills to respond to the future's needs. The education of the human being must be integrated with our current education. My biggest worry is what will be the essential skills that every worker should have so he can have a future work and what kind of education we will have or what style of education we will have to prepare the youngsters or the next generation of future workers.


Hello, welcome to another video. In this video we're looking at the things that I take with me on a multi-day winter hike which is something that I've got planned. So normally you'd wait for sort of spring summer so you get a lot of daylight hours to hiking but I have some plans. I have plans it's a it's roughly a week long hike and so I've put this kit together to it's sort of a compromise between warmth and lightweight so I thought I'd let you have a little look before I head off on the hike itself. Firstly look we'll go for the boots. The boot of choice is my lower renegades or lower renegades I never know how to say it and these are waterproof unlike the trail runners which my thought was if you're if you're using the trail runners you accept that they're going to get wet and then dry off quickly but in winter they would get wet and then this wouldn't dry my feet would get cold um it's just not cool so and on the hike I'm going to it's quite a well trodden paths it's not there won't be any really long grass or anything so my feet should keep relatively dry so we're going to go for the lowers. One pair of socks these are all this is just the things that I'll be wearing while I'm going down tough socks love them a hat just any old hat not shout out nor the monk. Gloves these are their trek mates with the sort of reinforced bit in the middle there for with your walking poles and those on the finger there so you can use your electronic devices my underpants shout out Nordic Outdoors I've got a couple of different pairs of these sacks underway if you know you know and on the top we've got my t-shirt it's just a crag oppa crag oppa t-shirt and then above that this is my sort of my base layer shout out Nordic Outdoors again it's actually my merino wool lightweight base layer and then I'll just use it I've got a puffer jacket in there that I'll just chuck up at the top of that and then my trousers I've seen these before for anyone who's regular these are my uh mountain mountain pants so everything's a lot different to when I did the Cape Raff trail things are geared around warmth and relatively dry not like the highlands of Scotland where I was up to me I was up to be nutting water a lot of the time on to the outside me hiking poles with some duct tape round there because you never know always comes in handy these are black diamond hiking poles with the cork handles don't know exactly what make they are mate but I'll leave a link to everything below my rucksack oh she's got a bit wet because it's there's a lot of snow and ice on ground over there I'll show you she'll believe me look there you go look it's been snowing this is the gossamer gear g420 I've done a separate review of this which I'll I'll place up here now or there you can have a look at what's that so 5.9 5.9 so in the outside of the bag our access to me uh to my puffer jacket which is the it's a patagonia lightweight what is it I don't know it's like micro light or anyway it's a super lightweight one I'll leave a link below and then also in the outside waterproof stuff got this which is a it's a collaboration run hill and mountain equipment it's a shaped dry gorex very lightweight very waterproof as well also on the outside of the pack my burghouse deluge waterproof trousers all quick to get that on the outside of the pack as well I have two of these bottles on one of the sides smart bottles and the good thing about this pack is that one side of the one side of the outside pouch is lower and it's cut on an angle so you can reach back and grab your bottles and I'll have two in there and I'll just rotate them and fill them up as I go the other pocket on the outside that's my tent very small very lightweight it's the gossamer gear the one and that just fits perfectly in there and frees up a lot of room on the inside of the pack from the other stuff here's a little tip for you not a tip but so a little mod that I've done all that I'm doing at the moment is uh these little loops here on the corner instead of having to tie them out separately which I've done in past sometimes we're just like a little twig or something like that uh you take some shot cord and just tie it off real simple note actually because we don't want to be stuck on forever but simple like that and then say about that just a length like this maybe a footing length because it'll always it'll always stretch stretch out and then we're going to put a loop in the end there do that on all four corners it just saves you a saves you messing about it's got a top zip on it which I've got my Garmin in reach mini which I will not need for this trek because I'm not in the wilds but I paid a lot of money for it mate so I might as well take it because you never know you never know best to be safe and sorry and then I've got a shit shovel in the top there I mean knife of choice boom spider core that's a spider core bug very lightweight I just use it to like open my freeze dried meals or just to cut and slice little things it's not going to be exactly batting or anything but does what I need it to do when it's super lightweight right let's have a look at goodie bag so in the top I do I keep everything in this rubble sack which is a I think it's a 45 litre rubble sack just keep everything extra waterproof first thing be possible a bag I run through this quick so I've got wipes um water purifier which is the um sea knock whatever it's called a canock brilliant thing and then in that I've got the uh soya micro squeeze link's been there for everything anyway but there it is the first aid kit which has got a mirror tweezers and pin relief tablets uh compeds like laster plasts just in a ziplock bag very lightweight bamboo toothbrush and mini toothpaste in there me turks I shall have a look eh why not my turks long handled spoon for getting into bottom it freeze dried meals and I've got my I've got a new one hook me the one finally gave up the finally cacti cell me the one it almost worn through so it's just to like my fire fire steel so the hike I'm going to do is going to be about five or six days so I've got a few of these hand warmers which it's just in case they don't wear much at all and use a chuck one of your sleeping bag on a night and it's still warm in the morning just to get your hands going your fingers going so that's worth it for me because as well if I if I walk past a B&B or a pub or summit and I and I fancy it I'll just stay there for night see how things pan out I don't like to plan things too much because it takes away takes away the element of adventure for me and I like to be a little bit spontaneous what else we got cupcake stabiliser for the gas msr pocket rocket two and a turks titanium 500 millilitre pot with a lid in there as well and that'll fit my gas canister going now and you need a small gas canister because there'll be plenty of places to eat enroute but I will take a couple of freeze dried meals just in case pink sponge just as a towel and to mainly just to wipe the condensation off the inside of the tent because this time of year condensation is a thing trichology pillar what's this these are my oh so I'll have all my clothes on them other clothes this is just sort of for when I get to camp there's my camp yeah come on there's my camp shoes which I've shown you that before it's just them it's two bread bags just two bread bags and you you've put them over your socks and then on back on with your shoes if they're wet shouldn't be too much of a problem this time because the the lower's our waterproof but for the weight of it it's worth bringing spare pair spare pair of zacks spare pair of darn tough socks I'll rotate the socks as I go I just need two pairs and then I've got me thicker these are aclymer marina wool these are slightly thicker than me the ones that I took on the Cape Rath trail and again another aclymer marina wool top and that's got an integrated hood in it as well so perfect perfect option for when you're snoozing get them in there because I don't want to be having to muck about again do you want to flying through it I like doing these because in a way as well it's me reminding myself I forgot out because you always type about what about this I'm like you're right mate I didn't think so for winter here we go nature hike down trousers or pants I don't care what you say you call them what you will pants trousers leg condoms oh the robin where is he there he is look at him ah he's gone yeah side note I'm training another robin to land on my hand that's the robin I'm training it's coming nowhere near me and but I'm leaving millworms on that stump and I rarely see him go on there and so that was good I've totally gone sidetracked yeah these are me down trousers pants whatever you want to call them leg sheets and I've got a little snood in there as well phoront knight it gets card I mean mat of choice on this one has to be kind of a bulky unit but that's the therm arrest x therm extra large with its bag that you can use to blow it up because again winter condensation and whatnot and I used it a lot of that bag on the cake rough trail so happy days bag of choice look new bag the rab neutrino 600 rab neutrino 600 um and I'll have a couple of maps with me because why not I mean an an OS downloaded onto my phone and then just maybe some trail snacks in the belt I'm not going to take a chest pouch don't really need it as I say it's only five or six days yeah I'm looking forward to it mate it brings its own challenges of um just hiking maybe hiking in the dark for some of it and having a decent torch torch torch work there I've got torts in that torch is the the petal bindi very lightweight indeed and I will need it I mean I never used the torch on the cake rough trail because it's time of year and and whatnot but I'm imagining I'll be doing a bit of night hiking because it gets darker like our free phone you sometimes you don't want to stop then and have to spend that many hours in your tent so who knows I might end up your batting on it dark or staying in a bnb or whatever right sorry I've not been putting many videos out of late because my truck died on me and it's caused me all sorts of problems which I won't go into but I've not been able to get out doing any filming videos I've had to take a bit of a back seat I'm hoping to get it back you know sometime this week and when I do I'll be going off on a long distance hike so if you want to stay tuned for a multi-day hike click the subscribe button you'll be notified when I upload that that's it thanks for watching I hope you're all taking care of yourselves looking after each other looking after your noggings and your hearts and your shins and your elbows and all that sort of stuff take care much love bye for now take care of your shins what the see you later


You have to be good at ice skating. Yeah! Well, to be good at soccer, you have to be good at dive-taking. Yeah.   But you don't have to. Yeah. To evolve, these days you wouldn't even wash Callum, and we only checked for your shit because of nostalgia like Nas albums. Ooh. Battle Oshazane turns it to a drinking game. For every line I say he takes a drink. Every line he says he drinks a game. You brought booze to meet your own intervention, Liver. I just hope you're friends that ride her.  Plus, you're fat. You're on coke.  Shit, if you came to my city, you might get elected mayor or something. I don't care. If I'm a racist, then so are you two. You can never try a cool man a racist. I reckon I've got more black friends than you do. Shouts to your uncle's practice in duty. Could have been five dudes. Could have been ten. Could have been Ryu. Could have been Ken. Real to the end of a pre-ten. Lee T-Boy, but I ain't G-flint.    Listen, I couldn't wait to get to Toronto. I would finally be eating poutine. Listen. But imagine my dismay as I took my table to sit all the way down the street. Listen. But imagine my dismay as I took my table to sit all the Canada's favourite dish.    Listen. Booked at Toronto Blue Days. We've got Big J dressed in blue. And I'm a professional. Every bar I drop. Mudslinger, old school, blizzard gun finger. These bitches should have rapped Mudslinger. You'll get that double L on Cannes. That's George Rinde. You Canadians with the world's gayest friends give this girl like real fights, fights at the stating lessons. These players argue, they're like, listen, don't keep talking like that.  This is your country's national sport. Listen. Yes, homo. No pauses.  I said it's owl joke time.  You have irritable owl syndrome. Contrasts the love child of the bird man and owl capone. See, I was going to leave this owl alone. But this is where it gets big for you. I hear he likes to chat out birds on Twitter. Matta likes to tweet to Wu. It's like a turtle, bruv. Your barn's type whack. And women are not mice. There's something that you can't quite catch. So if I say your dark matter, that's a bit of a pre-tension.  I think we all know Matta consists of particles. So if his phone rings and he claims that the particles, we know that his evening consists of particles. Because you called your album greasy spoon rendezvous. That sounds like a cuddle after he's just used lots of lube. But you are funny in your doubles matches. You're great when you're one of two rappers. I just think this wookie needs a hand solo. That's Chewbacca.


We looked at sacrifices. Sacrifice being something that we willingly give up or something that we take on. Again, sacrifices can be fleshly. Sacrifices can be spirit-led. A motive for sacrifice also can be very different in a sense. It can be motivated by fear, motivated by whatever, because of pressure, motivated by guilt. What is the motivation for sacrifice? It's good to think about that as a leader because my sacrifice is something because of fear or because of guilt. What is the real reason why and why for my sacrifice? It's important to understand that our motive be pure, our motive be led by God and then we make those sacrifices. That way, it will be in line with God's wants. It won't be something that we do in order to win the appreciation of people, win the accolades of people, win the applause of people, and not to just feed our own, sometimes our own brokenness. We want appreciation because we are insecure. We want people to say, that was great, that was a very noble act because we just feed off that. It could happen because of some kind of an emotional need, some brokenness inside. It's very important to also think about what is the motive, what is the motivation for sacrifice as we sacrifice something as leaders to think about that. Let's move on and let me just share the notes. The next thing that we see is as leaders to be an example, which means that as leaders, we might be verbally giving instructions, maybe imparting information, knowledge, building people, but it's very important and crucial that we lead by example, which means that what we are instructing others, is it seen in us? The expectation that we want from people, is it seen in us? Are we modeling the kind of life that we are expecting from others, that we are instructing others to live? As a servant leader, we see this in the Lord Jesus. So in that very act of washing the feet of the disciples, John 13, 12 to 15, so when he had washed their feet, taken his garments and sat down again, he said to them, do you know what I have done to you? You call me teacher and Lord, you say well for so I am.  So I'm sure this stuck in the disciples' mind. Whenever they were taught about serving, whenever they thought about the Lord Jesus, leading by example, this would have been there for most of their memory that I saw the Lord wash my feet and this would have been there even after the Lord ascended. This would have been there over and over again, playing on in their minds. So the Lord did this and he said, I have given you an example. So he led by example and he said, you need to do this, you need to serve one another. So the things that be the precepts or the principles that we are expounding that we are teaching and maybe that whatever we are instructing, are we leading by example? Now that's a very important question because leading by example makes our leadership very authentic, very real. It takes away all superficiality in the way we lead. It takes away all the hypocrisy out. It takes away everything out. It makes you an authentic leader. When people say, when people see that you're talking and you're living the same thing, then they want to follow you. They want to listen. They want to give you that space or give you the permission to speak into their lives. But if they don't see that, if there's a mismatch between the words we speak and what we profess, who we are, and if there's a mismatch between the way we live our lives, then definitely it's very hollow. There's no authenticity in that. And it is true that our actions speak very loud and louder than our words. Even though our words are what we hear, people are able to hear the physical organ of yours, but what they will actually be impacted by in their hearts much deeper than the words that they hear are the actions. And if the words we speak and our actions match, if they are one and the same, then it's a very powerful message that is being communicated. So one needs to lead by example. So there's no dichotomy. There's no mismatch between what a person is saying and what a person is doing, what a leader is saying and what a leader is doing. Now I'm sure we have seen in certain setups maybe in an organization where people might say something and do something and people will do something else and people would still be compelled to do it because of the kind of authority that the person has or because of the consequence of not really carrying out the task. But the motivation is that you've lost the person. The motivation why that person does it is because of, okay, I need to do this irrespective of what that person is. I better do it because otherwise there will be consequences. So they might do it but they might not really follow the person or that person has lost the ability to influence others because it's not an authentic life. So the Lord Jesus, he modeled his life, he led by example. And what we see in 1 Timothy chapter 4 and verse 12 is at Paul's instruction to Timothy. Now Timothy is again a leader. He is the leader in the church and he's leading a mixed group of people. He's leading people who are older than him and he is a young person. If you actually look at 1 Timothy chapter 5, we see the kind of people who are there, the kind of people whom he's leading. Like Paul says, do not rebuke an older man, older women, younger women, younger men, widows. So all these kinds of people are there and then elders who are actually ministering alongside and so on. So all these kinds of, it's a group of a varied demographic, varied age and everything. So they are there and Paul gives this example, this instruction to Timothy in verse 12, 1 Timothy 4 and verse 12. He says, let no one despise your youth but be an example to the believers and he lists out certain things. Be an example in word, be an example in conduct, be an example in love, be an example in spirit, be an example in faith, be an example in purity. So some of these things that he says, word, behavior, love, spirit, you can say out of our innermost being, even the motives and everything, be an example in faith, the kind of faith that you have, the kind of faith that you live, impurity, everything, be an example. And that word there, example, is really a word which means pattern. I worked for, my last assignment was with a garment manufacturing company and I worked for the retail side in a business. So we had these visits to the factory and they would show us how things are done, how these jeans are done, tailored and how these shirts are done. And there is one pattern for every design that comes out. There is one pattern for every size actually, if you call it like small, medium, large, extra large, whatever, double XL, there is a pattern for each of that. And that pattern is something that you need to follow very carefully. And there is this master who they call as a master tailor or he's the one who gives that pattern. And the measurement, everything, measurement of the cuff, the measurement of the sleeve, the measurement of where the placement of the buttons and everything, the kind of buttons, all the embellishments that go into that fabric, everything is detailed out. And it's mass produced, but it's based on that pattern. So if there's something wrong with the pattern, then the entire production, the entire production run is ruined because of this pattern, which was faulty. This pattern which had some mismatch, there may be a sleeve was missing, whatever, this pattern. So now Paul says to Timothy, be an example. Knowing that Timothy is young, knowing that Timothy has his limitations, has his fears, even Paul writes to him and he says, God has not given us a spirit of fear in the next episode. He says, but of power and love and a sound mind, don't be ashamed, all that. So he has limitations. But with all that, to be a pattern, to be a pattern, to be an example that others can follow, that others' lives can be a role model. Now as leaders, we are called to be role models, to be patterns that others can pattern their life after. So if you're in spiritual leadership, it goes without saying that, saying that, well, you are influencing others with your life, with the teaching, with the ministry that you do, and in all other ways, you are setting an example. People are following, people are watching, observing. And some of the things that we don't say, but the way we are, actually speak a lot, right? Because people are observing. Yes, they would be, what is more visible or what is more on display is what you're doing, but who you are, how you are as a person is also speaking louder. So the Lord Jesus is led by example, like what he does and everything is there, but who he was as a person, his compassion, his love, everything, the way he served, everything is an example to us. And so also our lives are an example. So when we live a life, when we model our life, then we are setting the right example for who was there. And sometimes maybe the Lord will increase our scope of influence or the sphere of influence. According to his will and ways, Jesus maybe increases the scope of the sphere of influence, maybe to nation, maybe to nations. So the greater the responsibility to be that example. Now again, to be an example doesn't mean that we live a life that's paranoid, we live a life constantly checking, introspecting, and just inward looking all the time, am I doing right, right? Am I saying it right? It's not that. The Lord has called us and released us into freedom. When the Holy Spirit leads us, he leads us into truth. Truth liberates. With all our uniqueness, in personality, in speech, and everything, the Lord has actually liberated us. It's not to put a leash on us and to say that, okay, this is one size fits all. We come with our own personalities, we come with our own likes and dislikes, and the Lord releases us. The Lord delights over us. And to be who we are, to be released to be who we are, and as we continue to be works in progress to be examples. And the thing is this, you may not know who is watching, who is observing, who is looking up to you. We think, okay, these are people who are looking up to us. Maybe it's a formal setting, and we say, okay, these are people who are looking up to us, oh, I better be on my best behavior. Here's this class. I want to say the good things and say the right things. But the thing is that, even in a very different kind of setting, there are people who are observing, there are people who are watching, and you'd be very surprised. It could be your peers, it could be your superiors. It could be your subordinates. It could be anyone. I was very, very surprised when I had a farewell party. I always had this impression that my boss was not very happy because I was not there. I was not like everyone else. I was not there. I was there, of course, for the parties, but I'd be the first one to leave. I would not drink and so on. So I was very, very unhappy with my fresh lime soda and coke and all that. So there would be many times, I would say, JK, you have to, today you have to, we've done this, today you have to drink. And there were other things. Other things like doing a sale. Just tell him something and get the sale. And when that is not done, of course, they would be very unhappy. So I always had the feeling that maybe he's not too happy with me. But then at the farewell, I'd notice that apparently he never used to give farewell. And all the resignations were actually extremely bad. People left with a bad taste them out because it was always very messy, resignations. Letters of experience he would not give. So it was that kind of a person. So they were very surprised when they said, okay, there's a farewell get together. And some of the things that he shared, then I realized that, okay, I was just being me in some of these scenarios. I was just being me to the best of my ability. But these things made a big difference to him. And for him to point that out and to share that, I was, I was humbled to see that God, this is how one can be. And it's not like I was trying to be someone, but I was just being me living the life that comes out of knowing God. And that made a difference. Right?   Right? May the work of the spirit, may the work of his word in us, let it just naturally transform. So our speech is seasoned with salt, you know, it's gracious and our personalities are shaped by the Holy Spirit. Our minds are renewed by the words, the word of God, the truth of God, which bringing life and maybe be examples. Right? It's very different from trying to be someone in a very, you know, very artificial setting and being someone else outside of that. There's so much pressure. Right? Whereas if we are who we are, who God has made it in us to be and in any setting, you know, we are liberated to be who we are, we are liberated to be examples, right? To be role models. Right? Okay. Let's move on to another thing, another aspect of leadership. Now, this is a big one. Right? This is a very big one. It has a leader to trust our team. Okay? Like someone has said, you know, this whole thing of sacrifice, trust, it's a good idea till you have to trust. Sacrifice is a great idea till you have to sacrifice. Forgiveness, wonderful, very noble, till you have to forgive. Then you realize that, hey, this is working against my flesh. My flesh is rebelling. My flesh is still seems to be alive in these areas. Right? So as a leader to trust our team, especially when trust is broken. Now, when trust is broken, it does take time to rebuild trust, you know, let's be real. It does take time to rebuild that trust, but trust can be rebuilt, whatever trust is broken can be rebuilt. Right? But the Lord Jesus, he trusted, he forgave, he even, you know, entrusted that person who broke the trust. There are many. And he interested them with the work of carrying out the gospel. Look ten and verse one. After these things, the Lord appointed seventy others, sent them, sent the others also, he sent them two by two before his face into every city and place where he himself was about to go. This was a team and this was a fairly big team. They went out, he taught them, he had seen what he had done and they went out and preached the good news of the kingdom. They went out, healed the sick, signs, one does everything they did. And when it came to him dying on the cross, we see that most of them had deserted and most of them had gone. In fact, very few people who are still at the cross and we see that the Lord entrusting them again, entrusting the disciples again with the commissioning them again. Look 24, 47, 48 and that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in his name to all the nations beginning at Jerusalem and Jerusalem and you are witnesses of these things. They had seen it and they had missed it within the Lord again. Interesting. And this conversation with Peter is so precious. John 21, 15 to 17. When they had eaten breakfast, Jesus said to Simon Peter, Simon, son of Jonah, do you love me more than these? He said to them, yes, Lord, you know that I love you. He said to him, feed my lambs and he said to him again a second time, okay, this is John 21, just a minute, John 21, 15. Yeah. So you, I'm sorry. So he said to them again, said to him again, a second time, Simon, son of Jonah, do you love me? He said to him, yes, Lord, you know that I love you. He said, dead my sheep. He said to him, the third time, Simon, son of Jonah, do you love me? Jesus was, Peter was grieved because he said to him, the third time, do you love me? And he said to him, Lord, you know all things, you know that I love you. Jesus said to him, feed my sheep. Fine.  So, well, if the Lord Jesus is led by example, then who are we to not follow his example? Okay. Now the question is, you know, so do I blindly trust someone after they have broken my trust? Do I again and trust them with responsibilities when they have actually, you know, not carried them out? What do I do? Right. So we see in Peter that, well, Peter repented. Right. Peter repented. He realized that what he had done was wrong and he came back and the Lord did not hold that wrong against him. So that's the thing. Peter did repent and because he had missed it once, the Lord did not say, okay, now I cannot trust this guy with the, you know, salutation plan for the entire world. How can I trust him? Right. The Lord did not come to that conclusion. The Lord saw something which was in him, right, beyond the surface. The Lord saw something which was in him, saw the, saw the father's will for him, and just my opinion, you know, saw the father's will for him, saw God's plan for him and what, who he could be in God, who he could be when he would be filled with the Holy Spirit, and who he could be and what he could do when he was led by the Holy Spirit. Probably Jesus saw that, right, going beyond that moment's actions or going beyond the action of the past. He saw something which was far valuable in him and he entrusted it with, reinstated him into ministry and said, feed my land and, you know, tend my sheep and feed my sheep. And I'm sure these words meant a lot to Peter and would have kind of brought in that healing and restoration. If he was, if there was any kind of shame and any kind of remnants of guilt, you know, this would have been, this would have wiped away that. The words of Jesus, wiping away all that, all that fear and all that shame and all that guilt and reinstating that and reinstating him to ministry, you know, this would have, the words of the Lord, the action of the Lord would have done a lot to Peter, right, brought in a lot of healing and restoration. So when in ministry it is true, it is possible, it is a fact that, you know, there could be, you know, people who break your trust, right, they, you know, can't say there could be, there will be, right. But, but the thing is to go before God and then of course, pour out our hearts and pray for that person and observe and see as that person come to a place of repentance, you know, restore that person even and restore that person to wholeness. Well, it would definitely involve correction. It will definitely involve talking about what had gone wrong and also the person realizing and repenting and coming to that place of repentance and then us, you know, when that happens to go ahead and trust again, right. So to be able to trust, even when trust was broken, to be able to restore, to encourage and to restore that person to the task that is ahead. That is an example that the Lord Jesus left for us. So, so we see all these examples of leadership by no means, you know, easy. It's definitely not an easy walk when we do it in our own strength, maybe temperamentally, certain things we can to some extent, but we, it requires walking with him. It requires hearing his voice. It requires putting to death our flesh and it requires being renewed in our spirit and being filled with his spirit to be able to walk, like to be able to lead like Jesus did. Okay. Okay. I think we'll stop here. The next topic is about vision and to, you know, a very important aspect of leadership and it's something that we need to have a firm grasp of, sorry, I have a firm grasp, firm grip on for us to lead effectively. So we'll look at that fresh in the next class. So I guess we'll stop here. But I just want us to, you know, look at these seven aspects again, maybe in our personal time to see and to really meditate and say, okay, God, you know, Lord, you've left us this example as leader, as a leader. And you've called me to be a leader. And, you know, how can I, how can I fulfill this, right? Help me to fulfill this. Help me to step into your, into your way, into your path, into your shoes, right? And to be a, to be an effective leader. Okay. So, yeah, we'll stop here and we'll continue next class. Just a minute. Okay. So you guys have a great weekend. God bless. I know we're just finishing a little early, but yeah. So have a great weekend. We'll catch up next class more on Christian leadership, right? Thank you. God bless.


Yeah, so I'm actually going to use the example of road infrastructure serving from UAS LiDAR I'm from Tel-Dyne Geospatial Most people haven't heard of that name. Formally we refer to as Tel-Dyne Optec. Optec's been manufacturing LiDAR systems for over 40 years. We've manufactured airborne systems, mobile scanning systems, terrestrial LiDAR systems, and now UAS systems. So road infrastructure projects, they vary quite significantly in the range of requirements based on really the nature of the work required. So starting off in a greenfield application, you can basically, it's primarily looking at topographic surveys which are relatively low accuracy since you're looking at just generating contour plots and an overview map of the area. Once you actually go into a construction phase, this is where the accuracy requirements tend to increase quite significantly. So as those projects start, you get into earthworks and aggregate work. Moving forward you get into some paving work and at the end of towards the end of the project you're doing quality control and often for quite large projects, take for example, if you're doing a highway that's tens of kilometers long, these these different stages of the construction project will overlap and as a result if you look at the deliverables required, they're going to overlap quite significantly as well. Thank you. So for example, when you're starting with the earthworks, that's going to be primarily a lower accuracy topographic survey and as you get towards the end when you're doing a comparison to the as-built plan, you really need engineering grade data which in the past has been traditionally collected through manual survey methods, terrestrial laser scanning, or mobile mapping methods. And then finally, once you've actually got a completed road and you're doing a basically maintenance on that road, those deliverables can again be such things as the as-built drying and the engineering grade and then as well as mapping other assets close to the road. So for example, electric utilities and vegetation inventory. The other thing that is becoming more important is basically the change monitoring. What's happening to the road and the area around it because as you have for example over different seasons and frost freeze cycles and the heaving as a result, that road's going to change over time. So one of the methods or one of the things I like to use as a reference because it's really one of the worst-case scenarios that has the highest accuracy requirement is looking at the curb required or modeling the curb. So here's an example from mobile mapping data that gives you an idea of the type of accuracy that customers expect or are looking for from the data. And so from this you can see you can pick out the edge of the pavement, you can pick up the gutter, the face of the curb as well as the back of the curb surface and then to the left of that is the grass.  So this is an example from a typical UAS slider that most people are familiar with and you can see like as humans there's a curb there, but you really can't pick out the exact features. So for example that face of the curb, if you look at the width of those points there, that's roughly 20 centimeters. So it's really hard to pick up those accurate as-built information from that. And so what are the reasons for that? Well, it's a combination of beam divergence, the ranging precision of the systems and the accuracy of the systems. So I'm actually going to go into one aspect of it that previous presenter talked about, but you can see that from this you really can't pick out those features that were looked at before such as the edge of pavement, gutter, face of curb or back of curb. So how to resolve those details? So I'm going to focus on looking at the beam divergence which most people are familiar with beam divergence as the ability for a beam to basically find those holes in vegetation, and put as much laser energy into that hole so you can get a return from the wet forest floor. But with respect to accuracy, beam divergence is sort of analogous to GSD for people who are familiar with photogrammetry methods. And it's a way to measure what is the resolution of that lighter point on the ground because often people think okay, I've got great density, but density doesn't necessarily equate to resolution when you're looking for those fine features. So basically as a laser goes farther, its beam starts to get bigger, and this is beam divergence. So there's an example of a small beam divergence and a larger beam divergence. So at the end at a longer range, smaller beam divergence means smaller spot, larger beam divergence, larger spot. And so when you look at the beam divergence for various different systems, on the far left, you've got a very small spot. So that's one of our systems at 0.3mR, and moving to the right is an example of beam divergence of several different systems on the market. The other thing is the beam divergence can really change based on or some types of hardware have beams that are not symmetric around the axis. And that means that when you're planning your flight, if you've got one of these systems that has basically the beam diverges on a different axis, how you plan your flight is all of a sudden going to become important. And sometimes you really don't have control over that. For example, when you're trying to fly beside a roadway and still scan onto the roadway. So let's look at an example of a large beam divergence and how that really affects basically trying to sample a curve. So when that large point hits the ground, it's first going to hit a spot away from the curve. And that's the spot that's actually going to start the response of the LIDAR time of flight. And so, but the thing is when you georeference the data, it's going to be georeferenced in the center of that spot. So that's where the spot is going to basically be recorded. Similarly, when you hit towards the top of the curve, it's going to hit there first and the spot registered there. And then lastly, the best case scenario is where you basically hit in the middle. And so for some people who have looked at similar data or you saw in the previous slide, this explains why that width of the curve is so wide in that data. Now when you take a smaller spot, you can see how now where it hits is where the point is going to get recorded. So when you then take a look at what you can get with basically a LIDAR scanner that's capable of collecting basically engineering grade data, this is an example of that. So you can pick up the edge of the pavement here. This is actually picked up using the intensity of the LIDAR, not the actual range measurement here. But you can clearly pick out the gutter where the face of the curve is and the back of the curve and the grass to the left of it. So then another example to look at is the wide or the road profiles. So here's an example from mobile mapping. And so when you're looking at the wider road profile for a road, there's the road slope so that or it can drain to the gutters. There's picking up the curbs and gutters on their own, picking up vegetation for that vegetation inventory. And on the side here, unfortunately, there was a fence there and that really blocked looking at the side of the road. This could be a fence, this could be a barrier. But if you look at what you would get from a UAS system, this is actually quite different. So you're still being able to pick up those features that are important. For example, the slope of the road, the median, the curbs and gutters that we were looking at before. The barriers that we have prevented a mobile mapping system from collecting this data. But in this case, we're able to get the embankment on the side too. So take for example, if you're in an area that was recently flooded or if you're just monitoring that embankment, which can road or change over time, you're not able to pick that up with a mobile mapping system. But with a UAS system, we can and simultaneously collect all the higher accuracy data from the road itself. So when you look at really what are the benefits that you get from basically doing road infrastructure surveys from an engineering grade system, there's really two that I like to focus on. The first is that we can capture both the topographic data and the engineering grade data in a single survey. So you're basically improving efficiency, less time in the area, less chance of error or having to manipulate different data sets together to get to the end deliverables. And lastly, you can basically capture that large area including the full corridor width. So for some projects that can be a couple hundred meters on either side of the data and you're able to collect that in an engineering survey. So again, significant productivity improvements in a single project. That's the end of my presentation here. If you've got any more questions, I'll be around afterwards. Or I'm in Hall 27 where we've got both our UAS LiDAR solution and our other LiDAR solutions. Thank you.


Got double plungers as the ultimate finisher. Oh, I thought it was while each.  Oh, bro. Has he come out in the videos yet? I Think I seen him in the clip, but I haven't seen like the exact video. Oh man, too. Yeah, bro


The principal issues around forestry is the need to sustainably manage our forests. These are a valuable natural resource for many countries that provide much-needed revenue for their sustainable development. They protect the livelihoods of local people. But if those forests are not managed properly through legal operations, through over-exploitation against the laws of the country, then these countries are losing their natural resources. And the people engaged in illegal logging operations and over-exploitation of the forests are often doing so in contravention of the law. They move into a region quickly, they extract what they can as fast as possible, and then they get out. And they leave behind very damaged ecosystems and very damaged environments.


إن الحمد لله نحن به و نستعينه و نستهديه و نستوفره و نتوب إليه و نؤمن به و نتبكب عليه و نعلم بالله من شرور أنفسنا و من سيئات عمالنا ما يهديه الله فلا موديلنا و ما يدرله فلا عاديلة وأشهد أن لا إله إلا الله و احتبه لا شيء كلا وأشهد أن محبنا عبده و رسوله اللهم سل و سلم غارب على سيدنا محمد النبي رومي و على آله و صحبه وسلم بسلم كثيرا يا أيها الذين آمن اقتفوا الله حطة قاتي و لا تموتون إلا و أنمتم مسلمون يا أيها الذين آمن اقتفوا الله و قول قولا سليدا يسلح لكم عاملكم و يغفر لكم بالبكم كامل يُطع إله و رسمله و تقد فأز فزن آظيمة أما بعد الحمد لله رب العلمين و شكرا لله We praise Allah Azawajal we glorify his name Azawajal we ask him to send blessings and salutations to peace Upon the best creation our master Muhammad صلى الله عليه و سلم And his family and followers and folk companions and folk until the end of time نحن نتواجد هذه الموضوعات نحن نتواجد الكتاب الله نحن نتواجد نبوة من الممتع صلى الله عليه وسلم نحن نتواجد العنة في هذا المنطقة هذا هو المستمر من المجرد هو سيارة وحيث انها مباشرة الحمد لله أنها سيارة ونحن المساعدة ونحن العنة ونحن الشرف ونحن المنطقة في هذه المساعدة نحن المتواجد اللight of Fedd كيف توجد توهيد من المنطقة في وع النهار اللight of محمد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وكي يقلوم في هذا المنطقة ان إتصال بee practices of Islam في موضوع تحدي بجمال سلاحا but steadily. In order to magnify and augment his light to deepen our faith. أمام الرزادي رحم الله if you read his autobiography أد منذ الدلال The Deliverer from Error is that he describes how he had a phase in his life where he was afflicted with a type of radical skepticism. A type of radical skepticism that today is sort of رحم الله ورحمه الله ورحمه الله is that he has he says there's no way really to describe it except that Allah cast a light into my heart الله cast a light into my heart and he had clarity of first principles clarity of how we learn and therefore clarity of the implications of our knowledge when we learn of the world when we examine the world reflect on the world we cannot help but rationally arrive at the necessary existence of Allah and that he later in his book he says that the true way of cultivating and augmenting this light is to practice the sunnah of the Prophet rational arguments have their place and we have to have scholars that are able to articulate the demonstrations of the verities of faith and the principles the tenets of our but the true way for the believer to personally realize the reality of لا إله إب الله محمد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم is to simply start and says that there will be a vote the person will start to taste the reality of the person will start to see and sense and recognize the خونس of our Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم in a way that arguments can't really express even though arguments can point us towards truth they cannot really and allow us to enter into the palace of light and truth and so if we even reflect on the دواز of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم we will see نبوة the دواز of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم are in a way you know loudly proclaiming his true prophethood is the way he knew Allah and the way he expressed his knowledge of Allah and his devotion of Allah through his very simplification صلى الله عليه وسلم one cannot read the Hadith of the different of God and an important book that all of us should have in our libraries particularly for our young ones but for the elders all of us alike is كتاب الأثقار of Imam النووي رحم الله the book of Remembrances which has now been translated into English this is highly recommended reading and if we read these forms of سفلكation of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and the different ways he made remembrance of Allah as well as it's obvious and self-evident that his trueness as a Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم let alone if we study the Quran and the Hadith generally but if we reflect on for example one of his Imam النووي says if you look at the different دواز of opening the prayer and you combine them take the different narrations he mentions one lengthy one he says that the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم would often be again with الله أكبر كبيرة والحمد لله كثيرة والسبحان الله بكرة وأصيلة واجحت وجهية للذي فترة السماوات والأرض حنيفا مسلما وما أنا من مشركين إن صلاتي ونسكي ومحياية وممات لله رب العالمين لا شريك له وبذلك أمرت وأنا من المسلمين اللهم أنتا الملك لا إله إلا أنت رب وأنا عبدك غرمت نفسي واعترفت بذنبي فنفرني الظنوب جميعا فإن له لا يغفر الظنوب إلا أنت واهدني لأحسن أخضاء فإنه لا يهدي لأحسنها إلا أنت وأسرف عني سيئها فإنه لا يسرف عني سيئها إلا أنت لبيك وسعدك وانخير كله في يديك والشده ليس إليك أنا بك وإليك تباركت وتعاليت أستغفرك واتبو إليك سبحان الله صلى الله عليه وسلم this is light emanating from our blessed prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم even if someone doesn't understand the meanings one can sense the beauty and the light of these prophetic words literally prophetic words but these are vehicles expressing the light of his blessed heart صلى الله عليه وسلم something of that unimaginable light صلى الله عليه وسلم as we know Allah Taara says وكتاب المبين there has come to you from Allah a great light and a clear book the clear book is the Quran what is this great light the indefinite expresses something that cannot be contained it's as if it's you know you can't you can't even contain it so it's so it's and indefinite indefinite for something tremendous and magnificent like that it's hard to limit نورا إمام القرطبي إمام الطبري إمام السيوتي إمام فقرين الرازي إمام البغوي all these great mufasidi and exegesis of the Quran they say نورها سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم is our prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and so something of this light being expressed in the vehicles of these prophetic words what does he say صلى الله عليه وسلم beginning the prayer الله أكبر كبيره الله is greater مميشيساً لن يفكره كبيره again indefinite كبيره كبيره that whatever might occur to our minds Allah is superior whatever we might think of how we understand Allah Allah is still far greater whatever the human beings might ascertain of divinity Allah far transcends the azawajan Allah is always greater whatever blessings we find in our life Allah is greater whatever difficulties and hardships we might be facing right now Allah is greater Allah is greater in other words behind the yakun is the kun behind the occurrence in our life is the kun the ontological statement of existentiation and so the one who created it is the one that can solve it الله أكبر كبيره و الحمد لله كثيره and therefore pletiful الحمد لله الحمد لله this sublime phrase that every single praise belongs to Allah every single glory belongs to Allah every single greatness belongs to Allah and Allah alone it belongs to him and he alone deserves it as the wajan he alone deserves it as the wajan what is the name Allah the name Allah is anamun that wajib الوجود المستحب لجميع المحارد is that the name Allah is the proper name that refers to the necessarily existent azawajan who deserves every single praise الحمد لله all of the fatihah can be made in the first verse الحمد لله the prophet said الحمد لله صلى الله عليه وسلم أفضل ذكر لله إله إلا الله the best remembrance is و أفضل الدعاء الحمد لله and the best application is الحمد لله and so الحمد لله كثيرة the prophet look at the difficulties he faced very six of his seven children صلى الله عليه وسلم driven out of his beloved home for no wrong committed but every right that he gave them every light that he brought driven out of his beloved the home that was beloved to him صلى الله عليه وسلم trial after trial tribulation after tribulation the ten years of persecution in Makkah seeing his blessed companions being persecuted and killed again for bringing light and monotheism to a place plagued with idolatry two years two and a half years of sanctions due to which not only the difficulty of those sanctions the trauma of hunger sustained hunger for so long but due to which his beloved wife خليجة I love you please with her passes away and the uncle that he loves so much Abu Talib passes away and then episode after episode of the seerah the entire time what's the state of the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and the very opening of the prayer before the Fatiha that has it الحمد لله و الحمد لله كثيرة and plentiful plentiful thanks to Allah سبحان الله a true prophet صادق مسدوق صلى الله عليه وسلم it's clear and evident read the seerah and ask yourself at every event how could an imposter act this way how could an imposter act this way only a true prophet could act this way صلى الله عليه وسلم and our young people need to read the seerah critically and with reflection and deliberation so that they have the conviction in their own hearts don't wish you know تقليد in أقيدة is blame worthy our belief is not based on the belief of our family the belief of our uncles the belief of our culture no our belief the belief of every individual believer is based on their own individual conviction and so we have to come to recognize the trueness of لا إله إله إله محمد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم and we need to cultivate communities and Mashallah this is one of the our blessed communities that facilitates again augmenting this light and augmenting the certitude that we have in these eternal verities of faith but الحمد لله كثيرا وصبحان الله بكرة تنمأسينا and how glorious is Allah morning and evening and the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم giving us medicine for the mornings and evenings all the different asqar in the morning and the evening رضيت بالله ربا وفي الإسلام الدينة وفي محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم نبي ورسولا I'm content with Allah as my Lord and with Islam as my religion and with سيدنا محمد as my prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم بسم الله الذي لا يدروم مع اسمي شايمون في القرلي ونأف السماء وهو السمي وردين with the name of Allah the one that with his name nothing in the heaven or earth can harm and he is all hearing and all knowing عود بكلمات الله تعمى تبن شريما خلق I see refuge in the كلمات الله تامى these perfect words of God these complete and perfect words of God from the evil that he has created in other words when we are met with harm in the world we go to the perfect words of Allah as a protection from that harm what are the perfect words of Allah one تفسير is the كتاب of Allah القرآن كنام الله the speech of Allah as the wajam this is one meaning so we return to the Quran which is شفاء which is a healing when we face tribulation another meaning according to some scholars is the كن behind the yakun because it's by the ontic statement of Allah كن that the occurrence happened in the first place and so if we instead of stopping at the occurrence that might be that the tribulation that unfolds in our life we seek refuge in the existentiation of that occurrence in other words recognizing it's the statement of كن behind it and so going to the Creator seeking protection from the harm of the creation أعوذ بكلمات night these are perfect words of Allah the كن because every kun is a manifestation of one of the names of Allah every kun is a manifestation of one of the names of Allah and so by going to the named when we see a manifestation of one of his names as the wajam سبحان الله بكرة تنمأ أسيدة the prophetic medicine in the morning and the evening they all allow our hearts to sing سبحان الله how glorious is Allah how marvelous is the divine as the wajam and you can see وجهة وجهة you know I devote my entire being the waj which is the countenance refers to the being itself and so we devote our beings to the capital B being the pure being of Allah that is Allah the eternal القديم عز وجن وجهة وجهة للندي فطرة السماوات the one that created the heavens and earth in the schools today this this splitting of the creative act of the heavens and earth is called the big bang but we have to ask what caused the big bang because every occurrence necessarily has a cause this is the causal principle this is ان دروري it's a necessary axiomatic fact it's a first principle that every occurrence must have a cause and all of science is based on ascertaining causes and so ironic for scientists to always seek the cause of things except when they get to the first thing and they say well we'll stop there this isn't it what's the cause of the what's called the big bang كون فا يكون it's only the necessarily existent can rationally explain the possibly existent only the eternally existent can rationally explain the temporally existent only Allah عز وجن can be the rational explanation of the cone العقوان ثابتة تور في اجباته these are established principles of our metaphysics ابن عطالة says العقوان ثابتة تور في اثباته the created order the universe all the realms of the created order however many universes are out there العقوان ثابتة تور they are real بإثباته because he has actualized them عز وجن he has actualized them عز وجن and so واجهة واجهة doesn't it makes sense then to devote ourselves to our creator and sustainer because it wasn't just a big bang but every moment Allah is sustaining us at every moment Allah is sustaining us عز وجن at any one moment if you go back to what's what's the cause of this and what's the cause of this even in one moment it can't be an infinite regress it has to end somewhere where does it end and necessarily existent so whether we go back in time or in one frame of time upwards in the series of causes it has to end at the necessarily existent عز وجن كن فيا كن سبحان الله and so doesn't it أنا مع عليك أولا بالإيجاد وثانيا بتوالي الإمداد he blessed you first by existentialing you by giving you existence in the first place there was a time where we didn't exist and now we exist الحمد لله but then each moment وثانيا بتوالي الإمداد and then secondarily subsequently by continuously maintaining our existence in and of ourselves we can't last الله تعالى apprises all of humanity of this يا إيه الناس أنتم الفقراء إلى الله clear explicit in the Qur'an oh people oh humanity يا إيه الناس أنتم الفقراء إلى الله all of you are in need of Allah وغام الوضعين والحمد but Allah alone is the one without need and therefore deserving of all praise الحمد لله كثيرا سبحان الله بكرة ومأسيلة واجهة واجهة للذي فترة السماوات واجهة واجهة I devote my entire being to the one that cleaved open and existentiated the heavens and the earth حنيفا always inclining back to him مسلما as a Muslim as a follower of the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم وما أنا من مشركين and I would not fall into ascribing power to other than Allah I will not fall into ascribing power to other than Allah إنّا سلاتي my prayer ونسوكي my the religious rights all of the religious rights ومحياية ومماتي my very life and my very death لله رب العالم they belong to therefore Allah the lord and sustainer of the universe again وثاني رب العالم إنّا سلاتي ونسوكي ومحياية ومماتي لله رب العالم لا شريك لأ no one co-shares with Allah in his eternality in his power in his omnipotence in his decision إنّا سلاتي ونسوكي ومحياية ومماتي لله رب العالم لا شريك لأ و أنا من المسلمين and I am amongst the Muslims I am in the ummah of the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم اللهم أنت الملك oh Allah you are the king لا إله إلا أنت there is no deity but you أنت ربي وانا عبد you are my lord and I am your servant if you give me blessings الحمد لله it's your right because I'm a servant if you test me today الحمد لله it's your right because I'm your servant but I turned to you begging for relief I turned to you begging for I turned to you begging for I turned to you begging for I turned to you begging for well-being but I recognize your it's your lordship and I have every right أنت ربي وانا عبد the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم whatever happened to him in the blessed seerah أنت ربي وانا عبد ظلمت نفسي I've wronged myself وعترفت بذنبي and I admit my sin I admit my wrong he's teaching us to make toba صلى الله عليه وسلم فالفلي ذنوبي جميعا and so forgive all of my sins فلا ينفذ ذنوبي إلا أنت أقولوا قولي هذا وأستغفروا بهني وركم فاستغفروا الله إن الله سبحانه وتعالى تقولوا الحين الحمد لله رب العالمين وسلمهم رسينا محمد النبي رب العالي وصحبي وسلم and so making toba to Allah وحدني وحدني and then asking Allah for help to do good guide me to the most beautiful of virtues because no one can guide me to beautiful virtues except you وصف عني سيئها and turn away from me from turn away from me wrong vices wrongs because no one can turn diseases at the heart away from me except for you لبك وسعديك ever returning at your service أو الله ever returning to support you أو الله to support your religion أو الله to support the Sunnah of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم أو الله لبك وسعديك والخير كله في يديك والشبه ليس يديك يعني every good is in your possession every single good is in the possession of Allah but evil does not return to him where does evil return to the human agent the human orgin moral agent that chose to do wrong that chose to relinquish the gift of free will into something foul and vile any good belongs to Allah but evil does not return to him والشدول ليس يديك تبارك تبارك أنا بك ويديك I am through you and to you the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم I am expressing all of metaphysics in this shortest of statements this is his Nubwa أنا بك ويديك I am through you and to you because he is maintaining us at every moment الله and who do we return to at every moment and in the final of all الله تبارك تبارك how full of barakah how much blessing is with you oh Allah and how glorious sublime تبارك تبارك I turn to you in forgiveness توبة is the sign that Allah loves the servant and so we ask Allah to make us people of Toba to make us people who turn to him in these prophetic meanings the deepest meanings that express our metaphysics that express our ethics that express our creed that express the reality something of the reality of the prophetic light صلى الله عليه وسلم we ask Allah to fill our hearts with this light we ask Allah to make us people of sincerity of taqwa and Toba we ask Allah to make us people of deep rooted conviction that when we read the Kitab and the Sunnah we can recognize the Chunis of Allah إله إلا الله وحمد رسول الله and that light shines out to all the people around us الله مهن نسرك العخرة عافية والمعافات والمعافات في الدنيا والآخرة ربنا أتينا مددون في رحمة الوحيد أننا من أمرنا رشدة الله مهن نسرك التوفي والإخلاص والدوام ونعمة وحسن خطام إن الله وملاهكة هو يصدون عالهم يبي يا أيها الذين عالهم رسلوا عليه وباركة لسيفنا محمد النبي من وعلى آهري وصحبي وسلم الحمد لله رب العالم وأعطي مصدر