How to get new subscribers on YouTube for startup channels everybody this video is gonna be really helpful to you If you're trying to get subscribers and your startup channel heck It's gonna be helpful to you even if you're not a startup channel But keep in mind we're all startup channels right every single channel on YouTube started with no subscribers And I think that's the one thing that scares people As they say oh my gosh J.R. You know, I don't I don't have any subscribers There's nobody watching my videos. Well, you're watching this video now and this video is going to help you out with that But keep in mind everybody starts with no subscribers now Subscribers are super important because what they've done is they've taken action. Okay, they've said hey, I want to Know more about you know your videos. I want to see more your videos I want to participate with you and that's something you should do is participate with me right now by Subscribing to my channel hit the button down there right now If you think this information is useful hit that button down there now and don't forget turn on notifications notifications are super important Because you'll get notified every time I go live and every time I upload a new video. So here's the cool thing Suggested videos to subscribers your channel will pop up more often if they're subscribed to your channel And understand a subscriber of your channel is gonna watch about twice as much video time as Somebody who's not subscribed now the majority of your views may come from unsubscribed viewers however Those who are subscribed are gonna watch twice as often. So they're both really important now if you have Subscribers next thing that YouTube looks at is of these subscribers. How much are they actually watching your videos? They watch that real close and that's why I tell people don't buy Subscribers because if you buy subscribers, they're not gonna watch your videos And you're actually hurting your channel by doing that you could have 10,000 subscribers, but if only eight of them are watching your videos YouTube's gonna see that and they're gonna maybe even ban your channel But certainly they're not gonna show your videos to these subscribers anymore because nobody's watching them So make sure the people that are subscribing to your channel actually watch them I see a lot of people say hey to their friends and family Hey subscribe to my channel subscribe to my channel and these people subscribe, but they never watch the videos So when you tell somebody to subscribe say if you like this content if you find this content useful If you wanted to get more of it then subscribe to my channel Make sure you let them know that just like I'm letting you know that right now if you want to watch more of this Then you want to subscribe to my channel. Okay, so let's get into this list right now. Number one create amazing content Yeah, I know you're worried about this. You're thinking I'm not amazing JR. I'm just not amazing be yourself and do your best Okay, if if you're trying to like in this video here, I'm trying to show you how to get more subscribers So I'm gonna do a lot of research on that I'm gonna look for the top ways to get more subscribers so that when I give you this information It actually works so you want to create great content. That's step number one over and above everything else is have great content Number two is create play list play list help organize your channel and they give you some SEO benefits Let me explain to you how this works.  So now I have two addresses for that video So I've doubled my chances of somebody seeing that video and I actually have more content available now in addition to that It gives somebody a place to go to To organize what they watch so I teach people how to make money online So maybe I'm gonna have a playlist that's gonna be on drop shipping Maybe I'm gonna have a playlist that's gonna be on you know SEO in your site Maybe I'm gonna have a playlist that's gonna be on YouTube videos So they can go to those playlists and find videos that are all related to that one subject And it makes it easier for them to watch your videos plus the fact that if they get into a playlist They're more likely to start watching more videos than if they just go to your channel number three add subscription and CTAs on your videos So when you're making a video make sure you tell people to subscribe like I did in this video Make sure you tell them to like your video Make sure you tell them to turn on notifications Which I did and you can do that now if you haven't done that you should probably do that But you got to add that to your videos if you add that to the videos It it reminds them to do it because a lot of people would subscribe, but they just don't think about it It's not it's not top of mind So you need to tell them that next thing number four is optimize your videos optimize your videos have optimized titles You can use a tool like TubeBuddy which I will have in the description below You can get a free account of TubeBuddy free software. That's pretty good Just go down in the description You'll find a link down there for TubeBuddy and if you decide to go with their pro version You can get a 30% discount by using my affiliate link number five create interactive thumbnails thumbnails are so super important I was talking to somebody Yesterday about that having a thumbnail gives a person a reason to click and watch your video if you don't do a Thumbnail you're going to have some type of screenshot that YouTube's going to pull from your video and to stick it there Okay, and it may not be that interactive. It may not be that good. It may not be flattering Okay, so you want to have a thumbnail on every one of your videos This will help your subscriber rate because you're going to have more people clicking more people watching more people chance of subscribing number six Interact with your audience and when I say interact I would say put a pinned comment at the top of your video It could be a question asking them about something in that video Make sure when they comment that you comment back you answer their questions Commenting with them is so very important guys. Next thing you can do number seven is promote your content on other platforms Let people know on facebook on twitter or on instagram that you have this youtube channel And drive them to that youtube channel by posting there also number eight Release videos consistently. This is the big problem. A lot of people have is Consistency they'll get all hyped up and they want to do videos one day And they'll do three or four videos and put them all up in a couple days And then they get bored or they get busy over the next week And they don't you know post any videos and then a month later they decide to do it again And this lack of consistency not only is difficult for your audience But youtube doesn't like it. Okay, they would rather instead of you posting four videos this week They would rather you posted one a week for the next four weeks than if you posted four in a single week Now the more you do certainly the better off you are a lot of people say well J. I just didn't have time to this week and this week was really busy So here's what you do you batch them you sit down for one day Which is what i'm doing right now and you record a whole lot of videos five six ten Whatever you want to do in that day and commit that day to doing those videos And then you can go into youtube and you can schedule your videos Maybe you want one to pop up every monday or every monday wednesday friday whatever it is and schedule those out for the next Two to three weeks that way if you do have an interruption if life interrupts your life Which it often does you'll already have these videos scheduled and they'll be going up Even though you got busy and you couldn't do it so keep you know a week or two I like to keep you know 10 days of videos in my bank, which I release five a week So that is basically two weeks But you want to keep those videos always scheduled so that you don't have to worry about Missing a day or missing a week number nine try to be creative Okay, try to do something a little bit creative something a little bit interesting something a little bit different And the best way to go about this is find a video On a subject that you want to do a video on watch what they did and say how can I improve this how can I make this Better than theirs. Um, can I make it longer? Can I add more information? Could I make it funnier? Could I make it look different? You know could could my facial expressions to be different whatever it is try to be a little bit creative in your videos Number 10 partner with other channels Reach out to other channels out there that are in the same niche as you and say hey, let's do a collab Let's do a video together. You know, let's do an interview together do something together Now will everybody do that? No, but some will try to find channels Not necessarily the biggest channels on the internet I wouldn't go to mr. Beast or kasey dine stat and say let's do a collab because they probably won't do it But you can find people that are just starting out like yourself You can find people that maybe are a little bit more ahead than you Maybe they've got a thousand subscribers and you got 200 They're they're pretty likely to probably want to do a collab with you, but you got to ask them You got to be proactive number 11. You could spend some money. You know, you could run a youtube Channel campaign to get people to come to your channel and watch your videos It doesn't have to be a lot of money. It could be five dollars a day It could be ten dollars a day But spending that little bit of money will give you that jump start once you get that jump start going It kind of snowballs number 12 you can produce subscriber only content In other words, it's content that only your subscribers are going to see now There's a couple paid things you can do on a youtube where people actually pay you you could use something like patreon Would they get a little bit more information? Maybe they get some downloads? Maybe they get some behind the scenes type stuff you can do something along those lines But make it make it so that if they subscribe they get something more Maybe you could even run a contest for subscribers When they subscribe you throw them into a contest and one of your subscribers wins something But the point is you've got to be really creative for getting these subscribers If you just wait for people to subscribe and don't do these things You're never going to grow your channel the number 13 I probably should have put this in the beginning, but these aren't on order anyhow Make sure you have a niche my gosh. Make sure you have a niche Make sure you know one day you're not out in a boat fishing and the next day you're in the kitchen cooking And the next day you're watching tv or whatever it is The only way to really have a lifestyle channel, which is just pretty much vlogging your life Is if you're already famous if you're already a celebrity Rarely do people start off with a lifestyle channel and it does really well I see a lot of people try that where they try to vlog their own lives and Unfortunately your life is probably pretty boring as it is for most of us But if you're a celebrity, you know, you've got that celebrity status So it's going to be interesting to people because they want to see how you live But if you're the average person, they really don't care how you live on a daily basis You need a niche. Okay. It needs to be, you know, makeup or fitness or survival or cooking or something You've got to have a niche. This is so important guys. If all your videos don't cover a specific niche That's probably why you're not getting subscribers. Understand they come to your channel For a reason they come there to get information They come there to be entertained, but they want that information from that one particular niche What is your niche? You've got to be able to answer that. And the last one number 14 Know your audience know who they are Understand who they are once you get going and you get some views on your channel You can actually go into your audience insights and you can actually see You know what age group is in there if it's male or female or whatever I know my age group the majority of them is 18 to 24 years old. I couldn't tell you why But I know they're 18 to 24 year old and I also know that the next category is 25 to 34 year old So I'm in the 18 to 34 year old age group. I have 80 percent men. I have 20 percent women right now So I've got to make videos that are going to resonate with those people Because if I don't it's not going to work out too well because that's my audience. That's who's watching my videos So that's probably I think I'd last checked it was like 86 percent of my audience was 18 to 34 year olds So I understand that I've got to give them stuff that is going to be relevant to their lives I don't make videos for 60 year olds or 70 year olds. I just don't okay I make videos for people who got a lot of energy and they want to do a lot of things They want to make things happen So that's what the videos have to be about and I do want to cover one more thing before I get out of here and that is Do not buy subscribers ever First off it's a violation of the terms and agreement on youtube Getting fake subscribers is a violation. I don't care what the company tells you that's trying to sell you these services It's you know, 10 dollars. I'll give you a thousand subscribers. I don't care. It doesn't matter The the way they actually get those subscribers is they'll pay people You know 10 or 20 dollars to subscribe to 20 channels And those people are never going to come back and watch your videos and you're going to have that situation I told you in the beginning where you're going to have all these subscribers, but nobody's watching your videos YouTube's going to just hone right in on that. You're not smarter than them. You're just not they have algorithms to figure this stuff out They understand that if somebody subscribes There are twice as likely to watch videos So if you have all these subscribers and nobody's watching your videos, they know what you did They know and besides that what good does it do you outside of your own vanity? Uh, maybe you're trying to get you know, a thousand subscribers so you can get monetized, but You'll end up losing your channel is what you'll end up doing. There's no shortcuts to this You actually have to work, okay? I'm not going to sit here and tell you that you can start a youtube channel I'll make millions of dollars and you never have to put any effort in Because you do you have to put a lot of effort in if that's not the message for you Don't listen to this video. Go someplace else. There's plenty of people That will tell you that you don't have to work and you could make a lot of money The fact is they're lying to you. Okay, if you want the truth, this is what you need to do I hope this video helped you out. Do me a favor and subscribe I need you to subscribe hit that button down there just like I told you to do If it's red you want to turn it gray when you click it It will turn gray once you click it a bell will pop up like this you want to Bring it that means turn on all notifications So you're notified each and every time I do a new video or I go live in addition to that I have a course down there. It's a 97 dollar course. You can get it absolutely free for a limited time No credit card required. So go ahead and grab that I have a lot of other links down there If you're interested in any of the equipment I use or anything all those links are down below Thanks so much for watching this video and I'll see you in the next one Hey, thanks for watching my video Don't forget to subscribe to my channel and click that little bell right there so you can be notified every time I do a new video Also, click on one of those videos there. Keep watching on my channel


Hey everyone, my name is Stefan, I'm one of the senior managers here at Freedom and currently I run business development management, so that's kind of a cool thing, I guess. But before we get into that kind of thing, I just want to quickly say, as this is usually the George Show channel, I figured that this is probably my only opportunity to make a video on this channel, so I'd have some fun. I also want to address the fact that you guys are probably looking around all of this area here and seeing all this mess, so the opposite of what George said, please do not look behind me because it is an absolute mess. Now having said that, what do you want to know about me? I run business development management, which at the moment currently at least means that I run a lot of internal matters. I pretty much run and manage the staff to make sure that they're currently going on the right track and constantly growing and optimizing the plans. I also work on structure and implementing structures into Freedom to make sure that we can scale for growth, that we are very accountable to who does what, and also just that people enjoy. As you know, listen to a lot of your feedback and we read a lot of your feedback, and we try to work off of that feedback to try to make things better for you, the user, the YouTuber, the partner, the recruiter, everyone involved. And we hope we've been doing an okay job so far. We hope that we'll keep doing a better job in the future. So keep the comments coming because we really do read them all and we have discussions about them. So just keep doing that. Now let's talk a little bit about myself, just because it's kind of traditional that in these videos you guys actually want to know who I am. So I was born in the US, however when I was two years old I moved to Germany, Munich, Germany, which is in the south of Germany. I lived there for 16 years before leaving my parents' house there and moving to the United Kingdom to go to university in Scotland up north in Glasgow. And then after I finished that I came back here to the United States, where I've been now for a few years. So it's been an interesting past, it's taught me a lot about international cultures, languages. I speak four languages fluently, English, German, French, and Spanish. I speak other languages conversational and basic grammar. So it's been a very kind of interesting international lifestyle that I've grown up living. So I've loved this kind of culture of YouTube where you get to interact with so many people from all around the world and everyone has different attitudes for certain different things and it's great to just watch and interact with that and be able to interact with that in such a global community. So that was amazing. Probably you guys want to know how I met George. I met George almost four years ago now when he was running TGN. I joined TGN as a director way back when. It was fun at first and then from there I grew to a channel manager and running a few projects and then I ran a few channels for TGN before leaving and having my own network with broadband TV for a year. The network was called Mr. Gamers. Most of you have never heard of it. Those few have. Thanks for sticking around. Shut down now in case you didn't know. And it was fun for about a year and then I realized that it wasn't growing at quite the rate I was hoping it was going to grow at. And so I decided to try to find other opportunities things to work on in the meantime because it just wasn't getting enough money for me. I mean, that was like the main problem. So I joined George as a volunteer last year and it was fun for any TV. And I loved it. And you know, just telling me his plans of opening a YouTube network later on the year, which became freedom. And I thought that was a great idea. So here I am really. I just stuck around since since years. He's been a great guy to work with. Probably a few things you want to know about me. Of course, I'm a gamer in case you hadn't realized yet. I've run a few charity events and tournaments in the past. Huge supporter of eSports. Love eSports. Everything related to eSports. Play a lot of eSports games. I watch all the tournaments. I've been to a few eSports events. It's just kind of my thing. But I also enjoy other games too. So don't be wrong. Like I'm a very social gamer at times and I'm a very competitive gamer at other times. It just kind of depends on the mood, I guess. I don't know. So yeah. If you like games, please tell me. Now another thing of course is, as you can probably tell us, I said I don't really make YouTube videos. I don't really have time for YouTube videos at the moment as much as I'd love to. Now, even if I did have time, I don't really know what I make YouTube videos on. I've always thought I can make gameplay videos or I can make helpful videos about YouTube as I've been around YouTube now for, I opened my first channel up in 2006. I've been around YouTube for quite a while. It's crazy to think it's almost approaching eight years. Wow. So I have a lot of YouTube experience, but YouTube constantly changes. And so I don't know if people want experience and helpful advice on that or people want me just to play games and join me. I'm a very community driven person. I like to interact with people. I'm also a big rambler in case you couldn't realize. So if you think I should maybe open a YouTube channel, please tell me in the comments below what you think I should upload, if anything. Or just tell me, you know, do, don't quit your day job, stay working as a manager and just leave the videos up to the professionals. Other than that, the best way to contact me really is via Twitter. And I'll link my Twitter, you know, somewhere here or in the description below anyway. That's really the best way to reach me. I have a lot of interactions I do on there daily, quickest way. Or also just email me. My email will also be in the description below and possibly on the screen here if I'm not too lazy to edit this. So other than that, you know, there's not really much else to say. There's not really else much you need to know about me and I hope you guys enjoy this. I'm gonna go watch the World Cup. I mean, work. And I'll see you next time, or not, on.


Well, and welcome to Stan the Energy Man here, broadcasting live from Honolulu, from the ThinkTech studios in the Pioneer Plaza building. I'm Stan Osterman from the Hawaii Center for Advanced Transportation Technologies, and we do everything on this show that talks about energy. But one thing we don't talk much about is the subject of maritime and around the ports kind of energy. So our guest this week specializes in that, and I want to emphasize that, you know, when we look in Hawaii at what causes most of our pollution, we don't really get to see much of it because the trade winds normally blow it out to sea and we just don't see it. But if Hawaii had mostly southerly winds pushing the pollution back into our city, we'd really notice it a lot. We get trapped up against the mountains and we'd really notice all the pollution that comes from ships and what we call dredge trucks or the day trucks that move containers around our city and around the ports. In Los Angeles, in Long Beach, their ports are huge and they move millions of containers a year and they have a serious pollution problem and have over the years. And some of the folks just decided that it was time to do something about it and one of those folks is Mr. Victor LaRosa who established a company or works at a company called Total Transportation Services Incorporated and he's our guest today and he's going to talk to us about how he and his company are helping reduce that high end pollution problem in and around the ports because not only do the ships pollute a lot because of the huge amount of energy they need to move through the water, in Honolulu, they actually still run their engines to create their own electricity. But those trucks that run around the ports and in Honolulu, the trucks that run around town deliver containers, they are actually operating in the stop and go mode which is the least efficient range for any of those engines, those gas or diesel engines to run in. They're the least efficient, they're the most polluting. So, Vic, welcome to the show today. I really appreciate you being on and taking the time to share with us some of your experience. Can you tell the audience a little bit about yourself and a little bit about your company and how you got started and what you're doing? Sure, thanks for having me on. I've been in the trucking business my entire life. I actually was recruited out of college by a trucking company. I've been in Los Angeles for about 37 years. We found that the company that we are currently running back in the late 80s, early 90s, and we specialize in transporting ocean containers for large importers and retailers. People like Target, Amazon, Ralph Lauren, J Crew, people of that nature, very, very large importers. We started to address this pollution issue back in 2006-2007 when the ports began examining just how much pollution were caused by the ships and the trucks. And in Southern California, we have a little bit of a unique situation because we are in a valley and our pollution tends to stay in that valley and then the sun has a multiplying effect on those pollutants. So, back in 2007, we got very active in environmental groups and we got very active with state agencies and we started to study the problem and we made a commitment back then that we were going to go to a zero emission fleet. The issue was back in 2007, there was no technology to support that fleet. So, over the last 10 years, we have been working very closely with integrators, with developers, with truck manufacturers and experimenting with all different forms of technology from natural gas to battery to fuel cell. And we are currently starting to make the first significant changes in the fleet to get to near zero emission and then eventually the zero emission when the technology is ready for prime time. I know that one of the drawbacks of being a first adopter, as you talked about getting into this business around 2006, that's when Hawaii really started to seriously look at alternative fuel vehicles and looked at hydrogen and plug-in vehicles. But one of the serious problems with this when you're an early adopter, a lot of the equipment and the fuel is expensive. How has your company, how has it been handling that challenge and do you see that as just the price you've got to pay to do clean or is it an economy of scale thing where you foresee the price of the equipment dropping down as more and more people adopt it? A truer statement couldn't be made. We have made significant investments in failed technologies. The initial natural gas engines were underpowered and we had made a significant investment in those engines and we did not do well financially with that. But we did not give up. We met with the agencies and we told them, listen, we want to support our goals to get there, but you have to help us. You have to give us the ability to test the technology before we go full bore and implementing it. And for the last 10 years, we have tested 50% of all the new technology that's come into the market. We've been heavily helped subsidized by the agencies and most of the subsidies go to the developers and the integrators. We will then take the equipment, test it, and generally our hydrogen fuel is subsidized. Our natural gas is not subsidized. Our electricity is not subsidized, but that's not an overbearing factor. The overbearing factors is going out and buying new equipment that doesn't work. What's your sense of the state of technology now, particularly with hydrogen fuel cells and natural gas? We have several communities that are working hard with electric buses and things like that. But what's your sense for the hydrogen and natural gas? We are on the fifth generation of natural gas engines. And we have finally arrived at an engine that we've been testing for the last three years, the 12-liter, near-zero-knot Cummins Westport engine. And that engine is bulletproof. We've just ordered 40 of those vehicles. And we're going to probably be ordering another 40 of those vehicles. The test and Cummins work very, very closely with us in day-to-day and making sure that those trucks had no mechanical or performance issues. That's why we went out and made the investment. And what was the big breakthrough on the CNG Genesis as they moved to this current state of the art? What was the big jump in technology that got them to where you can really appreciate them? They upped the power in the engines. When they first introduced the first generation, it was an 8.9-liter engine. It was really spec to handle about a 66,000-pound gross vehicle weight. The 12-liters now can handle the 80,000 pounds. What was happening with the 8.9-liter engine is that we were sharing those engines. They were underpowered, and we were filling them from a productivity standpoint. Okay. So did they do it with turbocharging and increasing the cylinder bore? Yes. They increased the performance of the engine. Okay. Okay. How about hydrogen? What are some of the breakthroughs in hydrogen that you noticed over the last few years? Back in about 2008, we got involved with a integrator that was just raising some funds and starting up with proof of concept. Unfortunately, the integrator could make a run of it financially. So we've been kind of quiet on the hydrogen front until the last two or three years. And now we have a couple of manufacturers step up. You're familiar with US Hybrid. I don't know if you're familiar with Transpower. You're familiar with Hydrogenics. They're a manufacturer of fuel cells. You're familiar with Kenworth. You're familiar with Toyota. They are all now jumping into the fuel cell arena. We have the first fuel cell manufactured by Kenwood, the first truck for the fuel cell. And we've been experimenting with that truck for the last two to three months. And we're finding it to be very, very promising. I just read this morning in one of my newsletters that, and I believe it was Cummins. It might be someone else, but it was a big diesel company that just bought out Hydrogenics. So that kind of sends a signal to me. Yeah. I'll forward that to you when I get back to my office. But I was really surprised to see that. I sent it to a boss at US Hybrid, but I just see a lot of activity in Hydrogen going on right now. On the battery electric side, I know a lot of folks have been using the battery vehicles and they seem to be a good choice for the short runs and the not too hilly terrain. Have you been finding them satisfactory or are there infrastructure or charging drawbacks that lead you to kind of go to more conventional fueling like natural gas or hydrogen? The battery truck, battery, I drive a bull, my sun drive, my sun's drive bull. The battery technology and vehicles is great. I mean, we're there. The battery technology and buses are great because you know the, your route and you know how many hours you're going to be on that route. In our environment, battery technology is a little tough. Think about having to move, let's say, 250 containers today. I don't know where the next container is going. I don't know if it's going to be a 15 mile run or a 60 mile run. So it's very difficult for me to incorporate that battery technology into our fleet. Although we are experimenting with the batteries and we're using them in an isolated area, try to use them in an isolated area with shuttle type of work, but they're just not ready for the Class 8 crime time activity. But the combination of fuel cell and battery, we feel are going to be the winner in the long run. We don't think any one technology is going to win, but we think that that combination is going to get us over range anxiety on the battery. Now don't forget, Stan, we have to run those trucks 18 to 20 hours every day. It's not, it's not like any of the port in the country. We run two shifts. So we have to, you know, we usually, we can, the battery technology work with, we can only get one shift out of it. Right. And then we have to park the truck. Yeah, I was going to say, I noticed in your literature that you run a long two shifts. They're not just two shifts, but a long two shifts in the military. We used to run two or three shifts, but they were all eight hour shifts. Yours looked a lot longer than that. And that's why I was curious about the charging cycle on your trucks, because, you know, like you say, when you have the range you've got to worry about, then you've got the time that the vehicle is going to be down for charging. And then if you have all rapid chargers, then you've got high infrastructure costs by putting in new transformers and things like that. So I think in some conditions, like you say, where it's real predictable, the battery works great, the technology is great. Are you familiar with Nicola Motors and their concept and how they're going to try and operate trucks? Are you familiar at all with Trevor Milton and what he's trying to do? We have an order in for 100 of those trucks. We've been, we've been invited over to Phoenix, and we've been truck testing, driving the truck. And, you know, just, it's in a very, very preliminary stage of development, but we're very active. They are now coming out to our facilities and looking at what we do in the ports. And we think that there's going to be some potential, not only use the word partnership, but some potential cooperative programs that we can work on together. Great. Well, Vic, we're going to take a quick break here and let some of our other shows advertise their program. We'll come back and talk a little bit more about Nicola Motors and some of the things we can look forward to in the future. Perfect. Hi, Mabuhay. My name is Amy Ortega Anderson, inviting you to join us every Tuesday here on Pinoy Power, Hawaii. With Think Tech, Hawaii, we come to your home at 12 noon every Tuesday. We invite you to listen, watch for our mission of empowerment. We aim to enrich, enlighten, educate, entertain, and we hope to empower. Again, Maraming, Salamatpo, Mabuhay, and Aloha. I'm Jay Fidel, Think Tech. Think Tech loves energy. I'm the host of Mina, Marco, and me, which is Mina Morita, former chair of the PUC, former legislator, and Energy Dynamics, a consulting organization in energy. Marco Mangostorf is the CEO of Provision Solar in Hilo. Every two weeks, we talk about energy, everything about energy. Come around and watch us. We're on at noon on Mondays, every two weeks on Think Tech. Aloha. Hey, welcome back to Stand in the Energy Man. I'm on my lunch hour, of course, and I decided to wear my glasses today because I wanted to kind of look intellectual. I'm talking to Vic LaRosa there in California. He's a pretty sharp guy and knows a lot about trucking, for sure. We want to capitalize off of that. In Hawaii, we don't have the big 18-wheelers that run long distances like you do on the mainland there, Vic. But we do have a lot of drage trucks and that class of trucks, no sleeper cab, just hauling stuff around. Because the farthest you can go on this island is about 30 miles before you run into the water again. But we move a lot of containers around our town. So let's get back to Nicola Motors. That's a pretty novel concept with leasing the vehicles and the fuels included in the vehicles. What are some of the things you like and one of the things you'd like to see them improve on in their model that you think with all your background would make it a great model, not just for the mainland, but for islands like Hawaii? The current model that Nicola has developed is really built for the long haul operation. We have finally gotten through to them and said, look, we don't need these fancy bells and whistles for a short haul or for a drainage operation, which generally runs within 60 miles. And in your case, 35 miles. So we're asking them to come out and work with us and kind of scale. We don't want to scale the technology down, but we want to scale the bells and whistles down to make it a much more comfortable truck for the shorter haul operation and for our drivers. And we think that they are very, very enthusiastic about it. We think that it shows a lot of promise. We do like the model with the fuel included because infrastructure, which you touched on earlier is very difficult, both from the battery side and from the hydrogen side. That's why ports are great feature dishes for testing because we don't have those long haul run. We can get the truck back to a terminal generally every night and we can generally store or house fuel at those locations in order to conduct business the next day. It's not like we're sending the truck 1500 miles down the road. Great. I'm glad that you're working on them. I'm happy to hear that you're on order for 100 of their trucks because I think he's got a great model and I'm keeping my fingers crossed that he'll be able to make it all happen and keep all the finances straight and the production straight.  That's a lot of work that he's pulling together with a lot of companies and a lot of investors and a lot of potential customers. I'm excited to see him get going and I'd like to get some more feedback from you later on how his equipment works in a couple of years. What's your view of the future in terms of transportation, electric transportation, especially on the trucking side? Do you see a particular niche for battery plug-in only or long haul only or, I mean, kind of paint us a picture of a Vicks world in the next 15 years on electric truck transportation? Or CNG? I'm sorry, Stan. Or CNG. I didn't mean to boot them off. Right now CNG is really inexpensive on the mainland. It's got to be a good fit if you've got the trucks at work right too. Sometimes CNG gets sold a little short because we're starting to use a tremendous amount of renewable natural gas coming from landfills, coming from biodigesters. And the nice thing about that renewable is that it does not add any additional carbon to the atmosphere because it's already just being broken down and we're just reusing in a different form. And we have an abundance of that. I've heard statistics that we have 100 years of supply in our landfills and our garbage dumps. So we don't discount natural gas. We may have made a significant investment in it. We're using it as our bridge because we really don't believe that within the next five years that we will have a very, very stable battery or hydrogen model for the eight trucks, not for the most transportation, just for the class eight. So that's why we're staying very close. We're making our investments in CNG for the next five years in order to continue our business. And then as we see breakthroughs for winners in the hydrogen and battery technology, we will begin to invest in that as well. But we don't think that there's going to be one winner. We think that it's going to be a combination of technologies. We're even starting to experiment with CNG fuel cells trucks. So we think that there's all types of possibilities out there that are going to help us get to where we want to go. Yeah. A lot of people don't realize that you have solid oxide fuel cells and other fuel cells that use methane, pure methane, which is natural gas to run instead of a hydrogen fuel cell using a methane for your fuel. So you're right. That's another technology that we haven't really looked into a whole lot for transportation. I know they're using it a lot in fixed stationary transportation for like cell phone towers and things like that for backup. But yeah, that's another great possibility. You have any insight on the shipping side? I know you're a truck guy, but on the shipping side, you hang around the ports and you work with all the folks like the air quality folks in California. What's happening on the shipping side to make those folks either use shore power or improve the big ships propulsion systems and power system? That's also in a very, very experimental stage. We're starting to see some of the shore hull carriers, especially from Jones Act carriers, people that run to Hawaii and to put recon places like that, starting to invest in LNG and CNG engines on their ships. And that's a very, very positive step. This year, the IMO is requiring that whole of shipping lines throughout the world go to low diesel, low sulfur diesel fuel, which is going to significantly drive up the price of diesel because it's more expensive to produce low sulfur diesel. So those steam ship lines are starting to make the investment and starting to make the breakthroughs on the environmental front. In California, cold ironing, which is when we plug the ship in, we have many unbelievable strides. Most of our terminals and most of our berths plug those ships in when they come in. Now there are some technologies like scrubbers that they put over the stack of the ship and we hear good things and bad things about that technology. Once you take that pollution, what do you do with it? Does it end up back in the ocean or how do you actually scrub it? So we don't know yet what the outcome is going to be there, but we do see a significant amount of investment and we see a significant amount of attention given to the issue. The ships, do they use like turbine technology or are they using internal combustion engines like the big diesel trucks, except on a bigger scale? Both. Both. We heard of a company, I was brought to the attention of a company, I think it's called Climon. It's out of Sweden and they have a box that's like two meters cubed and it uses waste heat from internal combustion or turbine engines and they're saying that they're actually doing work with some of the ships and if they just take their waste heat from those kind of engines they can provide 20% of electricity for a cruise ship just from the waste heat off those engines so you know that's something else I know that they're looking into as well that gives me some hope that those ships will be a lot cleaner coming into our ports here in Hawaii. Yeah, definitely. Well how about for the rest of the on the trucking side, do you have any of those your same philosophy in California with the alternative fuel vehicles, are you doing that in any of your other operations on the east coast? We're moving, we just made an acquisition in Seattle, we're going to be moving our concept up there as well because as you know the west coast seems to be a little bit more progressive when it comes to clean air technology and our plan is to introduce it into all the ports that we work in so we will be over the next five to seven years we will be moving the newer technology into all of their operations. Okay great well let's wrap up we got a couple minutes left here you know kind of give us a picture of where your company is going in the future you've got some of those nickel and motor trucks lined up your kind of use and cng is your bridge are there any other things that you'd like to talk about in terms of near term on your company that that are really exciting for you? Near term you know our biggest or one of our major concentrations now is safety and we're bringing in the technology that automatically breaks the trucks we're bringing in side cameras we're bringing in introducing technology for the driver when the driver starts to become fatigued in the truck so we're short term we're trying to make this driver experience as good as possible and as safe as possible so safety is a major concern for us because we believe one day we're going to transition to autonomous vehicles we don't see a driver coming out of the vehicle anytime soon but we think that the truck is going to be pretty sophisticated almost like an airplane where it's going to be able to kind of manage itself but you're still going to need someone in there in case of an emergency so we are gearing our company and we're working with some developers of the technology to try to get there to get to the next step again combining air quality safety and autonomous operation of the truck yeah the the artificial intelligence AI and the 5g stuff that's coming down the road is going to help in that area a lot as well as maintenance have you have you found any real advantages on the maintenance side to any of these technologies do you find the electric drive trains to be easier to take care of or less maintenance we're trying yeah I'm yes absolutely the electric trucks are way less maintenance even the even fuel cells a little bit different because the technology is so no so tricky and the thing we like about cng too is that we we don't have to use the the def fluids in the you have to use in a diesel engine and we're seeing less maintenance cost and less filtration cost in that technology as well and the fuel and the natural gas drives generally is generally a little bit less expensive than diesel great well Vic we've run through our 30 minutes here but it's been awesome talking to you and I feel like I've filled up my clue bag as we used to say in the military I really appreciate you spending some time with us and I hope the viewers out there find some of what you talked about really important especially like I say here in Hawaii we don't see the pollution as much but it's still there in fact unfortunately it's probably mostly going right into the ocean and that's making us ignore the problem and kick it down the road and we really shouldn't be doing it we should be following your lead and taking all of our ports and making them as clean as possible so thanks for joining us today Vic and I'll be talking to you again especially I'd love to hear when you eat your first nickel of truck in a couple years I'd love to come back and talk to you then and get your impression of how those things are working and when you're in California please come and visit us so we can show you and give you a ride in some of this technology that'd be awesome thanks Vic and thanks all the viewers today for watching uh Stanley Energy Man on Think Tech Hawaii and we'll see you again next Friday aloha


Hey everyone it's Julia and welcome back to my channel and for today's video I'm going to be doing a very requested video and today I'm finally going to be doing a book review and today I'm going to be reviewing and discussing the massive it by Stephen King. So basically since my Stephen King book collection everyone asked where is it I literally got comments daily where is it have you read it Julia read it Julia please do a review on it Julia are you seeing the movie it can you do a review on that too which I love you I'm glad that you guys most of you at least or some of you respect my opinion I want to hear my thoughts I really appreciate that it means a lot to me it was just really funny getting that response because I've never really had that response and I've never had a video that requested so today we're gonna be talking about it I already did see the film I have my movie review linked when it goes live somewhere down below probably instead of on the screen because down below down below talk about the book I liked it was good I'm happy with it and the video done no um so for the book it comes out I'm so proud that I finished this book and as you can see I'm very hyped because I was sitting here for 40 minutes filming my movie reviews so I'm a little like oh my god I need to do something else but I do have to film this so this was massive this is by far the biggest book I've ever read it's claimed that's a word it's um the scariest book I've ever read I don't get scared from books but this was like the creepiest book I've ever read or yeah yeah like I wasn't terrified it's not giving me nightmares but like I don't get scared that easy so yeah but it was the scariest king I've ever read and it was the scariest book that I've ever read and it's the biggest book I've ever read so claimed a lot of prizes awards so yeah I tabbed it like crazy we'll go over my color coding system because I'm sure you all care about my color coding system so basically I wanted to heavily tab I wanted to heavily I wanted to heavily tab this book so I can you know okay you know it's just my thing so blue was for characters which I used a lot just details about the characters I wanted to note or just some lines about the characters that I really love some characters that I really love things like that orange was for themes which I recorded a lot of themes there's a lot of important topics in this book such as abuses a topic there's obviously a topic of fear and there's just so many topics that this book explores which I really like seeing um yellow is for quotes that I just liked and I wanted to note so yes green there's only a few of them but that was for references so any references that I saw to other Stephen King books I noted in it and last but not least pink was for any penny wise moments or any moments that were like something that Penny wise did or something that was a con like something that you know just anything penny wise related I mostly tabbed it so those are my tabs suck but so if you don't know it I just wanted to it knowing that it that it oh my god how many times I'm gonna say it in this video um I just went into it knowing that it is went into this book knowing that it's about a clown and that's supposed to be really scary that's all I know it's all I knew I kind of so just going into it that way but I knew it received so much praise and I knew is a lot of people's favorite King book which is definitely made into my top three for sure if you do want to know more I will say it right now that this book is about a clown named Penny wise who comes back every 27 years to make cause chaos in the town of Derry main which is a small town and there's these group of friends they're called like the losers which I love them all I think their gang is perfect like if you like books like The Outsiders or that movie what's it called the one with River Phoenix where they're like a group of friends and you can really see their bond in their relationship it was like that and really good but they're the group called the losers and they experience some things with this clown and they constantly hear about kids going missing and all these things happening and they try to investigate and that's all we know and then fast forward 27 years later they get contacted to go back to Derry to deal with it again because it's come back and they've been oath when they were kids that if it ever came back they would go back to Derry to deal with the whole situation so this book goes between past and present and it's really nice to see we switched a lot between past and present like mid-sentence we're switching which it was a little bit at first it was tough to follow and definitely at times when it switched mid-sentence I was like oh my god so much yeah but I definitely like them when they were kids better that's just my opinion sometimes I like the adult point of view more but most of them I like the kid point of view it was really just nice and you got to see their friendship and yes the characters in this books 10 out of 10 I loved them they were so flushed out in the book the movie differs a little bit for me because I've kind of have more favorites in the movie like it changes a little bit but in the book my favorites were well I love them all but my favorites were Pennywise of course Bill and of course Georgie too but Bill and Richie I loved them so much Henry was also became a favorite as like a villain point of view not as like oh my god I love you um Pennywise let's talk about him I think he was really well done I think he was creepy definitely the film was a little bit more like it was scary than the book this person because I do get more scared from films than books the films didn't terrify me but like there was some creepy scenes and same with the book there is some creepy scenes so if you're afraid of clowns basically talking about Bill he is like one of the first people we see his name is stuttering Bill or big Bill and in the book he's really like almost the leader of this group or that's how I interpreted it that he's that Bill like help keep the group together and he helped guide them which in the film it's a bit different but we're not talking about the film so I really liked Bill I really admired him it really made me sad seeing Georgie's death which is his younger brother that happens very early on in the book that his little brother Georgie goes out with a paper boat which I'm sure you've seen that especially in advertisements to that little boat and he has his yellow jacket on his raincoat and he goes outside he puts it in the stream and it flows and it goes down the drain and then Pennywise is there so yeah that part like oh my gosh 10 at 10 but the characters were great Bill was one of my favorites Richie added so much comic relief especially in the film we're not talking about the film the book though he added a lot of comic relief he was really funny he made a lot of jokes and I was really happy about his character Stan was another one that I really liked he's like the Jewish boy they make a lot of like Jewish stereotypical jokes which again I could see how it pissed some people off but I personally didn't take them seriously that's just me I actually don't support any like things but they're kids and they're like joking around he's laughing to like they're like oh just make a lot of money and then they all start laughing they're just kids and I didn't mind seeing that and I just thought like Stan was like a really like they were also different in the group and I was really happy to see like so much different themes and diversity in that group then we have Beverly who in the book I really liked I think it was good to have a female in the group and it was good just I don't know I felt like we're not talking about the film Julia I felt like in the film know that they were like so much more obsessed with her than in the book but Ben is adorable in the book not as much as the film in the film he's really cute just saying he's like a little angel but the characters in this book are amazing they're so fleshed out I'm sure I'm not gonna forget these characters these are definitely characters that are gonna stick with me for a while in this book I did enjoy the passing present again sometimes it was a little much but then at times it was done very well and I also thought the scary moments were doing well as well the book took me forever to read which I don't like I wasn't happy about it but it is a massive book and it took me a while to read I was reading books on the side it took me over a month and I was reading other things on the side now it's finishing other things on the side but I wish I just took a week and just read it just or two three weeks just read the whole thing then spacing it out as much as I did it wasn't because I wasn't enjoying it it was just a lot and then at times knew that especially the end I didn't want to end so I didn't want to read it because I was like I don't want it to be over and then when it was over I was like it's over tears definitely could they have cut a lot of stuff out like could they it didn't need to be this long no that's just my opinion it didn't need to be this long but it is so I can't do anything about that maybe my enjoyment would have been different if it was shorter I'm not talking like 300 pages but I don't know maybe like 600 or 800 then 1150 pages but again still a great book just my thoughts look I really liked I really like the small town of course is taking place in Maine it's a in a town called Dairy I thought all of that was done very well references in this book and I know I didn't catch all of them which I wish I would have paid more attention to all the references but there's a few that I caught like I caught the Shawshank Redemption mention with the prison I caught that I haven't read the Shawshank Redemption but I definitely know about it so I caught that part and I also call caught the the shining reference when they referred to Dick Holler and which I was so happy to see it maybe so happy and I know there was more references and I didn't tap them all but there was some so yeah definitely I would suggest reading this book especially before seeing the movie the book in my opinion was very well done again just some cons with it were just pacing and I know I might get some backlash for saying that and it's not cuz I'm lazy and I don't want to read this big of a book cuz I did finish the whole thing I am super proud that I did read this much and this many pages and let me tell you takes a lot of dedication don't fight me on this it was overall a great story I just don't think it need to be this long I didn't deduct much ratings for that and like I didn't like deduct like two stars for it but this book is around like a four four point five star for me it's definitely my top three king I don't know if I would rate like the shining Mr. Mercedes and then it but like then again like it is kind of better than the shining in Mr. Mercedes like I don't know how to feel about it so it's definitely between like a four and a five star read for me it's a solid read and it's in my top three but I don't exactly know where it stands because the shining has a special place in my heart and so does Mr. Mercedes so I don't know but it was a great book I'm glad you guys like forced me to read it and I would suggest it if you haven't read it but that was my review on it by Stephen King let me know your thoughts in the comments down below I'd also love to know which edition of this book do you have because they have a lot of pretty editions of it this is my favorite but they've come out with some new ones that I love that are really nice like the new movie one I want and the what is it the one with the balloon which is probably like so any of them but I want more copies of this book because I really enjoyed it and I even kind of craft a spine a little bit on but yeah this was great by the way if you're gonna read this you might want to get a mass market unless you hate my mark but I wish I had a mass market because I started tabbing this so I was not just gonna switch to mass market because I already tabbed like so much of this book so I didn't but bringing this around with me was hell like carrying this like there was a point where I spent 15 minutes trying to fit this thing into my school bag because I wanted to read at school boy so like there was a time where I had my like 40 pound bag on my back because you know school and then I was holding this running around the hall so definitely it is a pain to carry around and I was happy that I read the bulk of it well I read not the bulk of it I read did read a chunk during August so it wasn't like you know all at school you know what I mean so I just definitely suggest maybe getting the mass market to read it if you're comfortable with mass markets just because it is a pain to halt like to carry around or I'd even recommend getting an e-book on your phone so if you're on the go you can read it there as well again let me know your thoughts down below I'm blabbering this is a weird video thank you guys so much for watching if you're new here be sure to click the subscribe button and click the notification bell to be updated for when I post new videos and all that sort of stuff and I'll see you all very soon with a new video bye


So we saw in the last set of lectures, segments, we looked at dimensional analysis and the Buckingham Pi method for ways of coming up with the Pi parameter, which are non-dimensional groups that are important for collapsing data within experiments and experimental fluid mechanics. What we're going to do now is we're going to spend a little bit more time looking at some of the most common dimensionless groups. Now the Buckingham Pi method enabled us to come up with dimensionless groups without knowing a lot about the system that we're looking at. We can go through other techniques of coming up with these non-dimensional groups. For example, if you take the Navier-Stokes equations and go through a non-dimensionalization procedure, and what I'll do I'll outline how you would non-dimensionalize the different terms in the Navier-Stokes equations. So if you were to take the Navier-Stokes equations and make substitutions for velocities, length scales, time, and pressure, and replace everything with the star terms, we would end up with an equation that looks something like this. So this would be our total or substantial derivative. We would have a gradient of pressure, plus we would have our viscous dissipation term, and it would be multiplied by some pre-multiplier here. So we've transformed the Navier-Stokes equations into this new equation, but what we notice is that we have this pre-multiplier term here. And what this is, it's 1 over a very common non-dimensional number in fluid mechanics, the Reynolds number. And so by going through this process this gives another example that there are other mechanisms or ways that we can get these non-dimensional parameters that are very, very important within fluid mechanics. So that is another technique that we can obtain these parameters. Now the physical significance of the dimensionalized groups, let's take a little bit of time looking at that. So if we look at a lot of the non-dimensional numbers that are important to fluid mechanics, it turns out that there are ratios of forces in the fluids, and so we're going to look here at six different types of forces, and then we'll look at a number of ratios and the resulting very well-known non-dimensional numbers that result. Okay, so these are some of the forces that are involved in fluid mechanics. We have the inertia force, that is rho v squared times L, viscous force, we find it's the viscosity times velocity times some characteristic length scale L, pressure force is a pressure differential multiplied by an area, so we get delta P L squared, gravity force is mass times gravity which works out to be density times some length scale cube times gravity, surface tension would be the surface tension coefficient multiplied by some length L, and finally the compressibility force is the bulk modulus multiplied by some area, and so what we're now going to do, we're going to form ratios of some of these different forces, and we'll find that when you do that some very very well-known non-dimensional numbers drop out. So we're going to begin with the Reynolds number, and it turns out that the Reynolds number is a ratio of inertia forces to viscous forces, and so if we perform the ratio using those forces we get rho vd over mu, and this is a number that is used to classify the state that the flow is in, and it typically has a rule of thumb, a low Reynolds number, although low is relative it depends upon the type of flow that you're looking at, be it a flow over a cylinder, a sphere, a flat plate, because there the characteristic dimension will change, but typically if it's a low Reynolds number for the application the flow would be laminar, and if it's a higher Reynolds number it could be turbulent, and between the two you go through a transition zone, but again these numbers exactly what does low and what does high mean depends upon the nature of the flow field that you're looking at. So that is the Reynolds number, another one is the Euler number, although quite often it's referred to as being the pressure coefficient, and this is the ratio of pressure forces to inertia, so Euler number eu, although I never use that and very rare that I see it it's often represented as being the pressure coefficient C sub p, and that would be our delta p divided by, and we introduce a one half rho v squared, and the thing in the denominator, well first of all cp is the pressure coefficient, and that can be expressed often as p minus p infinity divided by one half rho v infinity squared. Now the term in the denominator here, this is often referred to as being dynamic pressure, and it is sometimes given the symbol q infinity, and the other term in here p infinity that is pressure free stream, or free stream static pressure, and then p in this equation obviously would be the pressure that is of interest at some given point in the flow field. So that is the pressure coefficient, and a lot of this derives from Bernoulli's equation. If you recall at a stagnation point, we had v equals zero, and with that Bernoulli's equation, if you're following a streamline, so let's assume one is the stagnation point. With that we can say p1 is p0 for the stagnation pressure, v1 is equal to zero, and with that we get on the left hand side is p0, and on the right hand side we have p infinity plus one half rho v infinity squared, and this here is our total pressure, and then we have the static, and then we see also the term that is in the denominator of our pressure coefficient, that is the dynamic pressure, and so if you're wondering where we get that one half, it's coming out of Bernoulli's equation, and it just makes it easier when we do the scaling, so that's where this here is the q infinity that we saw in the previous slide here, when we look at our pressure coefficient, we have dynamic pressure in the denominator, and it's coming out of Bernoulli's equation, so that is the pressure coefficient. Other non-dimensional numbers that we have, we have non-dimensional numbers that are related to wave activity, and the Freud number is the one that we use, and this is a ratio of inertia to gravity, and if we write the Freud number squared, and we look at the ratio of these terms, we get something like this, which then collapses down to something like this, and if we don't write it as the square, we get velocity over gl square root, where g is a gravitational constant, and l is some length scale, but this is for surface flow, so on the surface of the ocean or in a river, wave activity, and open channel flow, the hydraulic jump, and here l denotes the depth of liquid, and I'll say water, but it depends upon the fluid that you're dealing with, so that's the Freud number. Another one, the Weber number, this is something that we use if we're dealing with bubbles or meniscus, and it is inertia forces to surface tension, and it has a symbol, capital W, little e, rho v squared l over sigma for surface tension, so you'd use this for droplets, you could use it for bubbles, and droplet would be if you have a liquid in a continuous phase of gas, bubbles would be if you have a continuous phase of liquid with a dispersed phase of a gas, meniscus, etc., so there are other applications, and another one that we'll look at, the one that is involved with compressible flow is the Mach number, and this is inertia forces to compressibility forces, and here the Mach number, quite often we'll see it expressed as v over c, v would be the local velocity and c is the speed of sound at those conditions, and the place for that is coming from, goes back to our definition for the speed of sound in gases or in a fluid, and we have the bulk modulus, which is e v, and that is our bulk modulus, so that's one way of coming up with the Mach number, another one we can write just the ratio of the forces that we're looking at here, so that would be a ratio of inertia to our compressibility forces, and from that the L's would cancel out, and we basically get the same sort of relationship that we've just derived in the previous equation, so that is the Mach number, as you approach Mach 1, that's when you get to the sonic condition, and a lot of interesting things happen, when you get to Mach 1, you can get shocks, expansion waves, all kinds of things going on, and that is compressible flow, which we will not study in this course, it would be in a more advanced fluid mechanics course. Struel number, this is for flows wherever you have some sort of natural frequency occurring, if you recall back to a very, very early video of why study fluid mechanics, I had the cavity modes of the Ford Fusion vehicle car, and the cavity mode was caused by vortex shedding off the front of the window, and you would have been able to calculate some sort of struel number, probably based on momentum thickness of the shear layer on that window, but a struel number is used in a lot of different flows where you have instabilities, oscillations, and it is given the symbol ST, and it would be the frequency of that oscillation, some characteristic scale divided by some characteristic velocity, and so this is often an oscillating flow. An example of this that is well studied is the wake behind a cylinder, if you ever follow behind a semi-trailer truck on the highway, what's happening is we have large scale vertical structures coming off, and that is oscillating, so the vehicle is moving in that direction, that's why your car, as you try to pass one of these big vehicles, you feel it pulling left to right, and you get instabilities as you drive through this wake, and then as you get by, you get cleaner air when you get up along parallel. So that is a struel number, drag coefficient, and here we have drag force divided by inertia, and we're going to introduce one of those one half just like we did with the pressure coefficient. We do this for a lot of the coefficients, lift coefficient, drag coefficient, pressure coefficient, but what we do is we take the force itself, and this is one that we studied earlier on when we looked at Buckingham Pi, but you get one half, you get the dynamic pressure in the denominator, so one half rho, some characteristic velocity, squared times some projected area, and this would characterize things like drag on bodies. Okay, so those are a lot of the different non-dimensional numbers that are important and used. We can have lift coefficients as well as drag coefficient, but those are things that we use when we do experiments, and so it enables us to be able to collapse the data, to understand the processes that are occurring, and to be able to scale the data such that other people can use it in their investigations or for engineering design purposes, and that's usually what we're doing as engineers. So experimental fluid mechanists go in and they conduct these experiments, they create curves, and those are used by design engineers then when they're going through and doing the design for whatever system they are designing, and so those are non-dimensional numbers.


Welcome to the second module in this course on signals and systems. All through the first module we have been looking at signals and systems in what is called their natural domain. By natural domain we look at them with the independent variable as was there when the signal was recorded or when the signal was observed or when the signal was instituted. So, natural means the way the signal occurs in reality in practice and the system again is in the form that it occurs in the practical world. So, for example, if I were trying to deal with a speech signal, I would think of the speech signal as a function of time, the natural variable independent variable associated with a speech signal namely time. The speech signal could have been recorded as voltages in a recorder as a function of time or currents whatever it could be and the natural independent variable here is time. Now, one might process the speech by using an appropriate system. The word appropriate is very loaded quote unquote loaded here. What do you mean by appropriate? Appropriate means that it does what you want it to and what you wanted to do itself is a tricky thing to specify in the natural domain. For example, if you wish to separate male and female voices from a chorus which is being sung together by some male singers and some female singers. So, imagine that you have a song being sung by a few male singers and roughly an equal number of female singers. You want to separate out or emphasize the male voices in one channel and the female voices in another channel. This is what you might call a qualitative description of what you want the system to do. So, you have the signal, the musical or audio signal in the natural domain namely as a function of time and you want to put this through a system which separates out these two kinds of voices. Now, qualitatively this description is easy to understand. However, what exactly do you mean by separating male and female voices? When it comes to a system description that is not easy to understand unless we now work through the current module. We need to have a slightly broader view and vision to describe systems and in fact before we can describe systems in this broader view we need to describe signals in this broader view. So, in this module we are going to take the first step towards a change of paradigm, a change of world view in describing signals and systems and to take that step we will have to take smaller steps. We will have to begin by understanding which signals are special from the point of view of signals and systems, why are they special and what can you do with these special signals to build this quote unquote change of paradigm that we are talking about. So, let us answer this question first, which signals are special in other words which are these signals which will allow us a change of paradigm, a different way of looking at signals and systems fundamentally. Now, to answer that question let us go to the ideal voltage generator that we often encounter in high school. So, let me draw the situation, you see ideal voltage generator if you call it that would have a circular structure rotating in a magnetic field. So, you see what is important is to visualize here a rate of change of flux. So, let us assume you have a magnetic field coming out of this paper. So, you know you could show the magnetic field with dots or crosses. So, you have a magnetic field coming in or going out of this page and you have this coil. The coil changes orientation with respect to the magnetic field. So, you can visualize it rotating along one of the axis that would allow it to change that orientation. So, let us assume the coil has an area of A and let us assume that we have roughly uniform strength magnetic fields here as a function of area and let that strength be B. The coil rotates so as to change its relative orientation and let that orientation be theta. This is the situation. So, we can now visualize we have a flux linkage you see if you have just one coil the flux linkage is B A times cosine of theta and let us assume the angular velocity of the coil is omega where upon you have theta is equal to omega times t where t denotes time. Let us denote the flux linkage by lambda where upon lambda is B A cos omega t. Now, one could use this rotation of the coil in the magnetic field by the principle of electromagnetic induction to generate a voltage across two ends of the coil at which we can tap. That is the principle of generation of the voltage supply that we receive in our residences. So, what would that be then you would have d lambda dt which is the voltage generated as a consequence of electromagnetic induction is minus B A omega sin omega t. So, note here we have a sinusoidal voltage that is kind of natural it is very common to assume the voltage to be sinusoidal. In fact, you will recall that in many basic courses on electrical engineering one talks about a sinusoidal voltage input after one has mastered the art of dealing with circuits with direct current and direct voltage. This is one important reason why the sinusoidal voltage is highly favored and deeply studied. So, I have kind of in this discussion given you a flavor of why the sinusoidal voltage has a special status. Sinusoids or sine waves have a special status in the minds of an electrical engineer and in fact, in the minds of all engineers and I have given you one reason why and of course, there are many other reasons why. Here I have given you a physical or an engineering reason why sinusoids are important. In the next discussion I am going to show you some other interesting properties of sinusoids and that is that essentially will tell us why they are also mathematically important. Thank you.


Hello everybody, welcome to my channel. It's Eva from Bohemian Crafting and today I'm coming to share with you one of my journals This time it will be in beautiful combo combination color combination blue and t-died papers, I love that combination of these colors because it's always calming and Very nature-y, so I hope you will enjoy To look on this journal. There is so many pockets and so many openings and the main theme it's the French style kind of like parties and All that stuff from from the old parties and I add there so many ephemeras so many openings and so many pockets, so I will do not Explain every single part what you will see because you will see that I'm just gonna open all these pockets and open all these Envelopes no probably not open all these envelopes. I will leave something close so and There is really a lot. I enjoy to do this journal so much. I decorated a lot and I used the colors I love which makes me calm and happy I Used so many additional Like stickers I bought from AliExpress if you are starter and you are wondering where to buy goods and cheap Good and cheap supplies for your craft AliExpress. I think it's the best Well, you can choose because they do have so much stuff in there. I Think I forgot to clip something here, so we do have opening here and I used here and there as a part of my pages pictures from old France or old Paris So you will see Few of them in this journal. I think I wanted to clip it this way. Oops Come on. It should be somewhere. Oh, no, here is pocket as well. I forgot. Okay So here is pocket. It should be clipped to the pocket. So here from the top is another pocket I should place there something So I just slide it there folded paper like, you know for notes so Just gonna pull out Here and there all these ephemeral switch are in this journal and show you what is inside. There is so many pockets so many extra writing spots so this can be really foldable and locked and closed and We do have pocket here and again pocket will be on the top and here. I do have very small Ephemera I have created this one in one video. I will try to find that video It has so many envelopes with small mini notes. I have created and they are in this beautiful holder we do have pocket here and Pocket here and as you can see I used also for the pockets pictures from old old Paris and I have the few quotes This can be opened this way and also these right next to pictures are mostly like attack spots So there is plenty of space for a writing here, especially here We've got envelope here and another pocket is there so some of these Ephemeras I already shared in my old videos When I made them Or when I showed them, you know that it's coming to my to my Etsy And some of these Ephemeras are just on my patreon When we are making here and there Some crafting sessions So in this journal it's really a lot to discover So many openings so many writing spots So many beautiful pictures from the past and again writing spot and I used Small clusters to decorate it. I used lots of embossing folders To decorate those pages. So we have pocket here as well and pocket here as well And when you open this one, you can see that picture from the old France And there is also writing here on the bottom so you can read what is the picture about I've got pocket here With some Ephemeras And another picture here And pocket here With many small nodes. Do you like quotes? I love quotes. So these can be perfect for quotes And I just decorated with some Small label. This label is also from Aliexpress. It comes On the roll I will try to find that link with those small mini labels I hope I still have it but I've got these labels for a long time Maybe a year so I'm not sure if I still have that link But I will try to have a look So if you do have pocket here and there is also this mini folder. So another space for writing And we have another opening here with beautiful picture And this is also like a dark spot pocket here And I used also Old dies and I don't remember where from I've got these dies I will try to remember them But I've got them for many years maybe five six years. I've got these corner dies And I think I used them only once a long time ago And then they were sitting in my drawer and when I made kind of like cleaning in my craft room When I declot quite a lot of things and I donated to our charity shops a lot of things I found these beautiful corner dies. So I use them in this journal You know, sometimes it's good to do cleaning your space Because we can discover how many beautiful things we have in our stuff At least I did because I do have really a lot of stuff in my stuff Which I am not using So there is so many taxpots or pockets mini pockets to slide some notes or you know If you like to save some Maybe travel tickets or you know small notes or Recipes receipts anything you like to save Like your memorabilia maybe you went to some beautiful um Play in theater and you want to remember that you are saving tickets from that What is it visiting the theater this is not like like pocket So maybe you like to save these So there is so much space for saving all that stuff And I really did enjoy so much to create this journal. I think it's because of that color combination It's really a very calming combination Blue and these t-died papers and this can be open all of these can be open. So There is a lot of writing space in this journal even it doesn't seem that way and there is a lot of Pockets Including these these are multi pockets. So from one side it has pocket here All of them And from other side they are like envelopes All of them and this one small as well And I do have like embellishment these mini envelopes So there is really a lots of space to save Any kind of epimeros maybe photos And I hope you like to save your your pictures like printed out because recently We found that we are missing so many pictures and we can't We can't take them anymore with the person we love we love so Make sure you print out pictures you are making photos you're making and you place them to your journals because it will be there forever When you leave them on your device on your mobile phone, they can get lost So here is just writing space With so many different styles of papers And that's the end of my journal So this journal is very thick and I have to say I really did enjoy to create this journal it was Very calming process and all these photos from old france They are just stunning I wish to visit that time In the france and to wear all these dresses beautiful dresses and hats I wish to try it Just for a few minutes, you know not to live there probably. I will missing my technology computer and stuff like that But to visit that time it will be I think very amazing. So this is my sharing for today Thank you very much for sharing your time with me. I hope you did enjoy it. I hope you found some inspiration Have a beautiful day. Take care about yourself and I will see you soon. Bye


I think the world should be appalled at the kind of horrendous drug policy that the Russian government has. It's absolutely damaging and people are dying. So it's important that if the Russian government isn't going to fund harm reduction services in its country, that others get behind vital harm reduction services that are on the ground, that are working with people who use drugs and who are saving lives.


Hello everyone, so in this part I will be explaining about standard normal distribution okay Z score charts, but I want you to understand what is the standard normal deviation, because you know although as pediatrician we used to using percentile growth chart you know with our patient, but when you work in the programs or you know when you look at this data you know NFH is 4, NFH is 5 data, they look at how many percentage of children are basically you know below minus 2 standard deviation, how many children are below minus 2 standard deviation, because those are the children who are basically they are underweight, they are stunted, they are wasted you know. So we need to understand this growth chart, Z score growth charts also because it is not taught as part of the curriculum in pediatrics okay. So here it is and it is also important for healthcare workers because obviously you know they want to see in the program that how many children are under-weight, how many children are you know all those wasted and stunted. So again let us discuss this chart okay, so this is a bell curve okay, this is your basically a mean okay. Now this is your minus 1 standard deviation, this is a minus 2 standard deviation, this is a minus 3 standard deviation okay, then you want most of your children to fall between minus 2 to plus 2 standard deviation, so this is your normal basically curve, most of your children they fall in this from plus 2 to minus 2 standard deviation okay, how many percent fall in this, so look at the southern numbers, so from minus 1 or say I would say from means to 1 you have 34.1 percent children fall between 0 to plus 1 and from plus 1 to plus 2 you have 13.6 percent children fall into this a positive that means they are taller than or they are bigger than your mean average you know, then this are some children they are below average right, so below average would be your 34.1 percent children they fall up to like from mean to minus 1, 34.1 percent children will fall in that and then you have some children are even smaller than that, so you have what between minus 1 to minus 2 standard deviation, so about 13.6 percent children they fall in this okay from minus 1 to minus 2 okay, but once they start falling below minus 2 standard deviation these are the children that means they are they are counted as under nourished you know like moderate malnourished, severe malnourished, so who are moderate malnourished? The moderate malnourished are the children who are between minus 2 and minus 3 standard deviation okay, these are moderately malnourished and who are the children who are severely malnourished, these are the children who are falling below minus 3 standard deviation okay, so these children are basically we have to immediately work on the children to get them up you know at least towards them being, we want to bring them not just not just over here you know you don't want to just bring them over here and leave them, you know you want to make sure that they get the full potential, so our goal is to bring them as close to the mean as possible, so there is a long way to go for the child to go from here from minus 2 to mean right and look at this they should be only under minus 2 you need you can have just like maybe 2.1 and maybe 0.1, so not not much maybe 2.1 you know we will figure out that how many children should like you know normally you see in a standard deviation, how many children do you see below minus 2 standard deviation unfortunately in India these numbers are too high okay, these numbers they are much higher than what it is shown over here okay, so we will talk about that but remember that half of your children are half of your children are above average okay, half of your children are above average, half of your children are probably below average okay, so you want to make sure that you know you don't just stop over here, you try to bring child in the positive growth, this is the positive growth okay, so try to bring your children more towards plus 1 to plus 2 because those children will if you try to bring them early on say from 0 to 6 months of age this as the weight goes up the length will go up okay and that I will show you some of the growth chart, so okay this is another one here we have shown all the different standard deviation and we have shown the basically percentile okay, so look at this your 50% children, so your 50% children would be on here like you know just below mean and your 50% children will be above mean right okay, now look at your minus 2 standard deviation okay, so minus 2 standard deviation basically coincides with 2.3 percent, so normally only 2.3% children should be below minus 2 standard deviation, only 2.3% children in the world but in India if you look at the weight 32% children are below minus 2 standard deviation, 32% look at the difference between 2.3 to 32, do you understand what I am saying okay, now this is below minus 2 standard deviation, so you can imagine mostly mostly our children are probably between minus 2 to minus 1 you know and if some of some of this will maybe go up to 0.5, very seldom you know breast-fed babies I see it over here in a positive growth, I do not see too many children who are between 0 to plus 2 standard deviation okay but yes we just started seeing once we started using a cross-caddle hole, we started seeing children basically more in this average you know your 50% 50% and this this side of the mean rather than this side okay, what is happening right now when they find children who are below minus 2 standard deviation or even minus 3 standard deviation, healthcare worker try to bring them up little bit you know and then they leave them, they try to bring them children up little bit and then they leave them, so our children are just falling into this 4.4% children who are between minus 2 to 1.5 standard deviation, they are just leaving all these children over here, our goal is not to keep the children in this section, we want to bring our children at least average children should be over here in mean okay, the earliest you start better it is okay, let's see at the chart, now this is your weight for age Z score, so in Z score see here this is in the form of growth chart, you have mean okay, you have minus 2 standard deviation, you have minus 3 standard deviation, similarly you have plus 2 standard and plus 3 standard deviation, so average all your children should fall between 2 to minus 2, 2 to minus 2 okay, if your child fall below minus 2 and it falls between minus 2 to minus 3 that means your children are moderately malnourished okay, now this is because of weight it's weight for age, it will be underweight, so if your child falls between minus 2 to minus 3, those are moderately underweight and if child falls below minus 3, those are severely underweight, so those are called SUW and MUW okay, remember this, so I want you now to bring your children not just over here okay but I want you to bring your children up to mean and maybe above mean okay, try to bring the children up but with mother's milk and earlier you start better it is okay, similarly this is for length, so again this is your standard deviation growth chart, you have you know five lines in this okay, so your 0 to minus 2 and a 0 to plus 2, these are basic children should fall in this from plus 2 to minus 2 and moderately standard children will fall between minus 2 to minus 3, remember only 2 point through almost 2 percent children should fall below minus 2 but we have in India we have almost I would say 36 percent children are falling below minus 2 standard deviation, instead of only 2 percent we have 36 percent okay and minus 3, below minus 3 is your severe stunting, so length for ages for stunting okay, this is your weight for length chart, again here in length for weight for length means over here you have a length and over here you have a weight okay, so when you look at the length and weight chart basically look at this, this is your Sam and Ma'am okay, acute malnutrition Sam and Ma'am, so between minus 2 and minus 3 standard deviation those are called Ma'am moderately acute malnutrition and below minus 3 is your Sam severe acute malnutrition okay, so this is your Sam and Ma'am and that's for that's called wasting also we use it weight for length chart okay, we have very high number of high percent of children who fall below minus 2 standard deviation and that's a kind of I would say it's an emergency because children when they are malnourished or cutely malnourished that's when they have a high risk of mortality okay, alright now this is I want to show you what kind of chart we use in ICDS okay, so this is ICDS chart this is for boy child, this is for a girl child okay, so in ICDS they have this standard deviation chart but the way they have painted it they have painted this green color from mean to minus 2 and my question is that where is the green color from 0 to 2 because that also children I mean I want 50% children to be over here between 0 to 2% 0 to 2 standard deviation so we don't have this green zone at all so for healthcare workers if they bring the child in this particular little bit of green zone they are extremely happy I want all the students to be above green zone in a white zone okay, so what we can do I'm requesting government to kind of fix this growth chart and have green zone from plus 2 to minus 2 standard deviation not we don't want our children to be negative below 0 or below mean okay, so that's what again our growth charts what we have in ICDS they have only used green zone from minus 2 to 0 this part is completely missing so please talk to your local administration and tell them that this is what is missing and we need to fix it okay alright now last two slides and I'm done so this is a girl child I had shown in one of my presentation earlier this is a child who is only six months old girl child and this is length for age okay this is a percentile growth chart because this child had beautiful milk transfer in first six months look at whether child's length is she is 97 percentile this is 97 percentile only 3% children of her age are this tall and she's a tribal child okay so you want to look at the weight that's a 9.42 so as child was growing beautifully on mother's milk catching up on growth and with full potential the length was growing so you this child is definitely going to be very very tall when she grows up okay because genetic kicks in after five years of age so if you can really focus on mother's milk and complementary food which is high in protein and good fat the children will grow tall similarly this is a boy child even this child look at the length plotted at 97 percentile very tall child okay so he's only six months old look at the weight six months old child weight is 10 kg remember the average weight for a boy child I had mentioned about I would say I would say I think 8 kg this child is 10 kg so as the weight was high you know you can see the length is high too okay so this is the this is what I want to explain to you thank you so much and you know I will I will basically ask you to see two of her tutorials and let me know if you have any questions okay thank you so much


Women farmers in the country under the platform of Swaffron say they want equal playing field for all genders in the agricultural sector. They argue that implementing their national gender policy will address poverty and ensure food nutrition and sufficiency for the country. To address this worrisome situation, the Ministry of Agriculture in collaboration with the Action Aid Nigeria and other development partners decided to chart a roadmap to inequality in the agricultural sector through the national gender policy. Now initiatives and facilitators explain the importance of the policy and how it can contribute to the growth and development of the agricultural sector. This is also inclusive of the 1999 constitution as amended which tends to provide equality of women empowerment, rich gender culture and enhancing food security. The national gender policy and culture is consistent with the sustainable development goals that addresses the following. One, eradicating poverty as the new one, ending hunger by achieving food security, improving nutrition as sustainable and culture and is as the new two. Ensuring healthy living by promoting well-being for all at all ages and enhancing the empowerment of women and girls. Effective implementation of a policy can actually lead to closing the gender gap in agricultural and rural labor markets. It can contribute to our achieving food security. So that's what we are doing. So we all recognize that more needs to be done and that's why we are organizing this forum to push for more to be done in terms of the policy. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.