Hi, welcome to Portland Media Center's member highlight, one of the benefits for our non-profit members. Today I'm at Mechanics Hall in the beautiful library with the new librarian, Jules Olson. Hi Jules. Hey, thanks for having me. Yeah, well we're glad you're here and there have been a lot of changes in the library over the last year and a half or so and we're going to talk a little bit about that. Great. But first the Mechanics Institution, the main charitable Mechanics was the original name I guess, started in 1815. That's right, yeah. But there was no building. Right, they built the building in 1856, 1857. And originally the library was on the first floor and then it moved up here to the second floor and we've been here ever since. And the library served a really important purpose for the tradespeople, the craftsmen of the area at that time. And today still, but a little bit more then, can you explain a little bit about why it was so important? Yeah, absolutely. So one of the reasons for the founding of the main charitable Mechanics Association was to give their junior members an opportunity for more education, both within their trades and sort of what we think of now as a liberal arts education. So that's always been an important piece of Mechanics Hall and that's still a piece of it today. Absolutely. Right. And SMCC, it's the main community college, is still an active member or a participant in some of the things we do here. They're tradespeople I think they have who have received scholarships from here in drafting in the past and now it's on the computer. Is that still being done? Well there was the architectural drawing school, is that what you were thinking of? Yeah, I think so. Yeah, so that ran for decades here and then of course once things moved to the computers, that was sort of the end of the hand drawing. But yes, that took place here for decades. And now there are programs on computers here for students? So there's the main kids code program, yes. And so that's been paused obviously because of the pandemic, but we look forward to resuming it. Yeah, and it's all about coding, right? Yes, yep. Which, don't ask me about that. Anyway, you have made some changes here. It is now Mechanics Hall is a sort of a more up to date name for the organization. There are only 19 or 20 membership libraries left in the country. At one time those were the only libraries, membership organizations. Tell us a little bit about if you become a member of Mechanics Hall and the library. What does that offer you in these other organizations around the country? Yeah, so that's a great question. So membership at the hall obviously supports the functions of the hall, our programs, me being here in the library, all the work that we do. But yeah, there's perks for membership obviously. So members can borrow from our library. Right now with the pandemic we're closed and only open to members. So members can come in here and work, hang out, borrow books. And you can, as a member you can rent spaces within the hall. There's a classroom and a board room, the library and our historic ballroom upstairs. Yeah, and there's some other perks as well. But one of the really cool perks is that you can go to the other membership libraries across the country where you have reciprocal borrowing. That's really cool. And you've changed your card catalog. Which is huge because up until this very year I guess there's been a little old fashion card catalog in little oak drawers. Yes, I think we may have been one of the last libraries in the country to still be using a card catalog system. And so the card catalog hasn't gone away. We get a lot of questions about that in the back of the library right over there by my desk. But we are working on importing all of our collection into an online database. So our patrons will have all of that online access that folks are used to now to be able to look and see if we have a book. If it's available, if it's checked out to request it. So and it helps us on this end to be able to attract things. And yeah, it's just great. Yeah, and during the pandemic and hopefully we won't have another lockdown. But people were able to order a book and pick it up at the door. Yes, we did curbside service and we're still offering that. So for folks who are compromised or maybe just not comfortable yet, we continue to offer the curbside service and folks can also come in and borrow to the in person. And being on the internet now, on the web and all, people can also come and sit in this beautiful space with their laptop and work. Yep, absolutely. The members who maybe want to get out of the house or don't have an office to go to. Or many authors, I think, probably come in and do some research and write. Yeah, there's a lot of folks right now who are still working from home, but looking to get out of the home a little bit. And so this is a nice controlled environment. There's not a lot of traffic going in and out. We have the windows open. We have the fans going. We're requiring masks in compliance with whatever the most recent CDC recommendation is, which is, of course, a moving target. So call if you have any questions about that. But yeah, yeah, it's a great place to sit and work and have like a little human interaction, but still be able to get some work done and just feel kind of relaxed like you're in your own home. Yes, yes, it's like an extended living room. And now you have just started having library cards, physical cards. Yes, yes. So this is a new development for us because we're able to have all of our books in the online catalog. People also have library cards, which allows them to request our items so that they can be waiting here for them for curbside pickup. You can order whatever items you want and we can put that together. And all of that is enabled by the library cards. And we're also hoping to, in the very near future, to offer access to e-audiobooks and e-books. And that will also be through the library card. So it'll open up a lot of things for us. And you're doing a summer book reading. Yes, yes. That's kind of fun. Tell us, tell our audience about that. So we're doing our first ever, I hope for many years to come, summer reading program for adults. And so the two ways to enter that right now are to sign up for a library card, which gets you your first ticket. And then you can get an additional ticket for each book that you finish in July and August. There's a basket right over there where you put the tickets.  Things are still being added to that, like all the time. But yeah, it's over there. It's amazing. There's so much good stuff. There's coffee, books, wine, snacks, gift certificates. It's super cool. I have my library card and I've added a few books in there. Excellent. And you don't, I mean, you don't actually have to have read a book that you've checked out from the library. Can I get the any book? Yeah, so, yeah. So the initial, the initial ticket is when you sign up for the library card. And then after that, it doesn't have to be our books, like bonus gold star stickers to that. But yeah, it doesn't have to be one of our books to. And another thing you're doing is a book reading group. Yes. So we actually have a couple of different book groups. We have a book group that meets at noon on the first Tuesday of the month. That group selects the books for us to talk about in September. We're actually going to be choosing the next several months worth of books. But this upcoming month, we'll be talking about James McBride, the color of water. And then in October, we'll be discussing Maggie O'Farrell's Hamnet. So lots of great book choices. And then we also in partnership with the Portland Public Library and the Congress Square Park. You know, for some reason, I always want to call it Cumberland for a minute. I have to like, yeah, Congress Square Park. We meet every other week for Blurb Club. And that's a more informal book discussion when we all talk about whatever books we're reading. So you don't have to read a particular book, but it's a lot of fun. And we have really similar tastes. So we end up all reading books based on people's recommendations. So sometimes it turns into a little bit of a blur. I like the blur thing because you do.  But I think it's a great way to learn about what your friends have read. Yes, I have read books based on the recommendations in that book. Yeah. Well, I think the changes here are lovely. It's a comfortable place to come. Oh, I wanted to ask you about ordering books. How often do you order books? Do you take recommendations? Do you get them from the New York Times, you know, list or how does that happen? Yeah, that's a great question. So I place an order every month and that order is a combination of books that I think our readers will read and books that people have requested that I purchase. So as a member led library, our collection is shaped in many ways by the interests of our readers, both what I anticipate they might like reading and what they say, I'd love to have this book and then it begins added to the collection. Yes, that's how that happens. And then we also get a lot of donations from community members, too. And those also go into the collection. And you have various collections here. You have main main interest books, books about Maine. You have Maine authors, you have the crafts. That's lovely, too, to be able to come in and go right to an area you really want to focus on. Yeah, you know, it's interesting. I was just talking about this the other day with another librarian. We were talking about the Dewey Decimal System and the Library of Congress classification. And who is that serving? You know, who is who is benefiting from that system? And in some ways, it's just the librarians because we know where to put stuff, we know where to find stuff, but for the average user coming in, it might not necessarily make a lot of sense where things are. And so what we've done here, which is a direction that a lot of smaller libraries are moving toward and some larger libraries, too, is creating neighborhoods. So it's sort of like more of a bookstore experience where you can go to the section on fiber art so you can go to American history or, you know, novels by Maine authors or whatever that is. And you can find them all together. I think that's lovely. And I use that. I come in and go, what's new today? Yeah. Well, thank you, Jules. This was wonderful. And I just checked out a book today as I returned another one. I'm getting better about returning in one time. Well, we don't charge fine. We just ask that you return them eventually. I'm so happy. Well, thank you. And thank you for being a member of Portland Media Center. Thank you so much, Leslie.


chemical vapour deposition of chromium that means, it is CVD of chromium. Now, let us see what is the significance of chromium coating in engineering application? Now, this use of chromium is already well established in reducing oxidation or corrosion of various machine component and part. Say for example, the turbine blade and vanes of aircraft engine or turbine and also in tubes and fittings this is also used as a oxidation preventive layer or corrosion resistant layer. It is also used for graduating the property from the surface of the substrate to the top functional coating that means, the top functional coating has a different young modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion which is quite different from that of the substrate and here in particular a steel substrate. So, this chromium deposited on this steel substrate subs as a buffer in between the top functional layer and this substrate. It can have further to this one very important function it is mostly used for metallization of various ceramic material for enhancing its weightability towards some metal binder. Normally, this ceramic material are inert to metal binder. So, when we can deposit a thin layer of chromium on the surface of the ceramic then it attain certain weightability which means it can improve the bond with the metal matrix. So, these are actually the three areas where one can find the significant use of this chromium coating. Now, CVD of chromium has its origin in fact, CVD of chromium finds its principle from the very chromizing process or pack chromizing process. Now, in this pack chromizing process what happens it is the chromium powder plus one activator like NH4F or it can be NH4I which can be used as an activator plus powder of aluminum oxide which is a inert material. However, it provides the necessary porosity in that mixture of this mass of chromium powder, this ammonium fluoride or iodide and aluminum oxide plus it is the steel based specimen samples. Now, the whole thing is put inside a reactor and which must have a temperature 1000 degree plus greater than 1000 degree and during this process actually chromium transformed into some halide of this which can be fluorine or iodine or even chlorine and then it gets deposited over this iron sample to produce a layer of chromium and this is exactly what we know as pack chromizing process. However, CVD process that means chemical vapour deposition of chromium has a distinct advantage over this pack chromizing process. Number 1 very important point one should look in that means, here the chromium coating has a better uniformity than that can be achieved by this pack chromizing process number 1 and number 2 is also the advantage in terms of temperature. We can have a temperature ranging between 750 to 1000 to conduct this CVD of chromium this process. So, we can immediately recognize the two very advantage or strength of this CVD process. Now, here we understand this chromizing process it is actually chemical transport process and a chemical transport reaction that means, the material will be transported to the on to the surface of the substrate where the necessary reaction will take place releasing chromium vapour and which will condense in the form of a solid film. So, these are the advantages which is already mentioned and this uniformity is very much important when the geometry of the substrate is complex in nature. Now, difficulty of CVD of chromium. Now, one can look into all conventional CVD process what is very important to have the metal donor. Metal donor means here it is in most cases it is one halide of the metal say for example, we have tungsten hexafluoride or molybdenum pentachloride, tantalum pentachloride or even titanium tetrachloride. So, we find that these are all metal donors the advantage here is that these materials are available in the form of liquid commercially. So, to handle this liquid which is available commercially that gives a clear advantage in the use of this metal donor which can be evaporated which can be transported near or on the substrate surface to do the necessary CVD reaction. However, in case of chromium this is just this does not happen. So, what commercially what is commercially available we find that this is actually CRCL 2 6 H 2. So, this is a material which is available commercially. However, it needs complete drying number 1 and this material has to be fed in a metered quantity through this reactor near the substrate surface to have a close control on the growth and deposition rate. So, unless one has a sophisticated system for doing this thing this will not be very interesting way of conducting the CVD of chromium by using this commercial product. So, what is preferred it is in seto production of some chromium halide and which can be an iodide fluoride bromide or even chloride. So, the necessity of in seto production of this halide is an important step in the CVD of chromium. So, what exactly we need here just in the upstream side of the reactor we want we must have one chromium halide generator. So, this is actually this generator which will generate the vapor of chromium halide that is in simple term we understand. Now, if we have a close look in the Ellingham diagram we can immediately find this is the Ellingham diagram x axis is T and this is the 0 level and this is delta G 0 at certain temperature this side plus and this is minus. So, here one would like to represent the free energy change in a reaction. And if we like to see that chromium iodide or chromium bromide their location is somewhere here and these materials can be decomposed by thermal process thermal activation and through this thermal decomposition reaction one can have this chromium vapor which can be condensed on the surface of the substrate. That means, here these are the points which suggest that this is the threshold temperature for a halide to have decomposition into its metal and that halogen. So, if one can attain this temperature and this side is this on the minus side where this halide is very stable, but what we can understand from this Ellingham diagram that this iodide and bromide of chromium are not so stable like fluoride or chloride of chromium. So, the advantage which can be immediately exploited is that that chromium iodide which is in this form if it is heated we can get. So, this is actually gas or vapor. So, we get chromium as a film solid and leaving this iodine. Similarly, we can also have for bromine also these are less stable halide. Now, how to put this thing in practice? So, to do this thing one can have either a horizontal type reactor or a vertical type reactor. In principle, this thing can be put in a practice say this is one tower of a CVD reactor this is the base and here we have one flux that means, the cover. So, it is supported by this O-ring and just outside that we have a shell like furnace like this which is like a shell. So, what we can do here? This top part that means, this upper stage of this vertical reactor here we can put chromium powder or chromium particle chromium nugget, chromium chip and in the downstream side for example, this is a stage where the substrates can be held placed. Now, this is actually the flow line for this halogen it can be iodine or it can be a bromine. So, this will pass through this stage the top most stage where we have chromium nuggets or chromium chips and it is placed this temperature controlling of this temperature is very important. So, this is the temperature and here also you have another temperature. So, this temperature gradient that helps to take the reaction in the forward direction that means, first of all here this part we call the generator that chromium iodide generator. So, here actually this chromium iodide is formed and then this chromium iodide is transported you can have also hydrogen as the transporter. However, this is called a closed tube process we can use it in a closed loop form closed tube. It is a closed tube means these are the substrate and because of this temperature differential what we can find that on this side if we look at this diagram this chromium iodide will form on this side where chromium iodide is more stable. However, on this side which is above the 0 line where obviously, chromium iodide since it is delta G T 0 that is in the standard state which is plus it cannot be stable. So, it will decompose into chromium and iodine. So, to have this CVD one has to take the temperature above this little greater than that and which is shown here. So, these two temperature will be somehow different and then leaving this chromium coating and release of iodine. Now, this iodine can be recycled and this becomes a closed loop system. So, there can be some arrangement for circulating this iodine. So, this iodine will be again fed back over this chromium granules making chromium iodide and the process will keep on repeating itself. So, what are those two important thing to move the thing in the forward direction what we can find here that delta G T at a particular pressure that we can write as delta G 0 T plus R T into ln. If this reaction goes in this forward direction we can write this is actually ratio of partial pressure of iodine divided by the partial pressure of chromium iodide. Now, from this is one of the governing equation. So, we can fix the temperature we can also adjust the partial pressure of this one quick evacuation of iodine and with that we can take the reaction in the forward direction. That means, here it should be we can write this step that at this stage in the generator it should be chromium plus iodine that should lead to chromium iodide. However, in the downstream side it should be chromium iodide to chromium plus iodine. So, this way a process can be conducted and this can be well used for CVD of chromium. Now, here also we can use chromium chloride as the source of chromium and in this case what happens that this chromium chloride has to be also produced in the similar way as it is the case with chromium iodide formation. So, here it is not a closed tube process, but we can call it one open tube process, open tube process. So, here also we have a tower and this tower is encased in a flux and at this top stage here we have the chromium granules and in this case what is passed here it is actually HCl vapour this is HCl vapour and we can also have H2 or argon also. So, these are the some of those gases which can be passed through this chromium granules and later in this area where the substrates are placed on that the necessary CVD reaction can take place. Now, this generation of chromium chloride or chromium trichloride that can be possible by various ways let us have a closer look this chromium and HCl that can give chromium chloride and hydrogen. We can still further we use titanium trichloride for generation of chromium chloride this is also possible. So, here this titanium trichloride instead of HCl vapour we can also have a provision for passing TICL 4. So, this will be the passage for passing TICL 4 and as a result we have chromium chloride plus TICL 2. So, this is another way of getting this thing it is further possible by directly use chlorine in this case we have this chromium CRCl 3 and with further addition of chromium with CRCl 3 it becomes CRCl 2. So, at least we find 4 ways 4 chemical reactions leading to formation of chromium chloride. Now, in this case what happens now comes how to reduce it. So, this is actually formation of chromium chloride and which will now travel this distance. So, this is actually vapour of chromium chloride. So, this is the chromium chloride generator. Now, in here what is to be done here actually this chromium chloride has to be reduced to film chromium and a byproduct. So, it can be possible if it is a still substrate say for example, in a still substrate and here we can have the byproduct which we must show. So, this is upstream side and that is the downstream side it is an open tube process. So, in chromium chloride it will adsorb on still substrate giving such kind of possibility it is condensed chromium. However, F e transform to F e Cl 2 this is one way it can be possible further to this just by hydrogen reduction. So, this is actually chromium plus 2 H Cl it is also possible to have this C R Cl 2 as C R C R plus C R Cl 3 of course, everywhere we have temperature pressure combination and in certain case we have the reducer. However, this temperature and pressure they these are the governing parameters directing a giving the clear idea in which direction the reaction should move. Now, if we look into this first chemical reaction by following which we get chromium coating we can have another step where this F e Cl 2 can be reduced by hydrogen releasing iron and H Cl. Now, this is the basic principle of chromium deposition by hydrogen reduction. Now, here one thing we can look in this Ellingham diagram. Ellingham diagram it is one which can guide us say this is the free energy variation with temperature for chromium chloride and we can also find this is actually the free energy change for H Cl. We are following this equation that means, reduction of chromium chloride by hydrogen which happens to be the most interesting in this case. One thing if we look into this chromium chloride deposition is possible. However, deposition of some compound of titanium cannot be ruled out because of the very presence of titanium chloride. So, this graph is important in that that the location of this temperature location of this temperature that is the threshold point and what we can see if we go on the left hand side C R Cl 2 is more stable than H Cl, but when you go on the right hand side we find H Cl is more stable than C R Cl 2 and this is the point where C R Cl 2 is no more stable and it may split up into chromium and chlorine by just thermal decomposition, but we are interested in this curve. So, naturally for the equation for the chemical reaction that means, here chromium plus 2 H Cl which will give us C R Cl 2 plus H 2. So, this one we can take the help of this diagram here actually we have formation of C R Cl 2 and that will be transported here and in the process we must choose a temperature which favours C R Cl 2 formation that means, in this case we can write for this reaction to happen this is given by this delta H 0 T minus T into delta S 0. Now, this we actually this is actually the free energy change of the reaction. So, we can put this symbol for this reaction at that particular temperature in question. So, this is actually the reaction. So, this way we can find out where it is negative that means, the reaction will be spontaneous. However, to aid the reaction we can write further to this as R T into L N and from this we can write it is in terms of partial pressure C R Cl 2 into partial pressure of hydrogen divided by this P H Cl to the power 2. So, this part which is with a plus sign. So, here one can regulate or manipulate the respective partial pressure of C R Cl 2 H 2 H Cl to move the reaction in the forward direction and that would can be a driving force. Now, when it is this so, this is generation of C R Cl 2. So, this is on this side. So, we can shift this point and get a very stable value of delta G T which is highly negative. So, that the reaction move in the forward direction. Now, when it comes to reduction of this C R Cl 2 and that happens with H 2 that means, now the reaction should be reversed. So, this will give us C R which is solid film and H Cl. So, we can see that this is just reversed. So, how to make it happen? So, to do this thing again the same equation we have to write, but in a different form. So, in this case delta G T is equal to delta H 0 T minus T delta S O and one can find out that both the reactions are actually exothermic because of their negative delta H. However, what we can find that when we increase the temperature on this side in that case H Cl become more stable that means, C R Cl 2 will be less stable and H Cl will be more stable that means, it promotes formation of or reduction of metallic chromium and for this we can write delta G T is equal to delta G O T plus R T L N. However, in this case we have to write P H Cl which will be now in the numerator divided by P C R Cl 2 into P H 2. So, we can compare these two and accordingly in the CVD reactor that condition must prevail that means, number 1 that though this thing can be also handled at the same temperature, but one would expect that if we have a furnace with a hot wall furnace then we can control this temperature in this zone and we have various zones in the furnace and this is another zone. So, we can control this temperature of these two thereby we can work for generation of C R Cl 2 we can work in this zone. However, when we are interested in deposition of chromium which is shown by this reverse direction then we must have a temperature which favours the reaction to proceed in this direction. Similarly, one can also have an interesting look here that means, here P H Cl 2 that has to be increased, but in this case what we have to see that here P H 2 that means, hydrogen has to be increased that means, to generate chromium chloride we must have less concentration of hydrogen here, but more of H Cl, but in this zone what we have higher concentration of hydrogen and less H Cl. So, in principle one would expect to have a better result or a driving force by increasing the quantity of hydrogen on the downstream side near the substrate. So, if some arrangement can be made to have some kind of arrangement and source so, that would be an hydrogen which will have a higher concentration near the substrate then possibly the reaction can be moved also in the forward direction. So, these are the some specialties of CVD of chromium and here we are using mostly the reduction reaction and in this reduction reaction we are using H Cl for generation of chromium chloride vapour. However, in the downstream side what we are using we are using excess hydrogen so, that the reduction can take place and this increase of hydrogen acts like a driving force. So, here one would be interested in the growth rate of the coating as we have said one of the important role of this chromium coating would be to graduate the property of the coating from the steel substrate to the top functional coating. So, here we find that this chromium when deposited say for example, AISI 440 C martensitic steel in this case on the substrate when chromium gets deposited chromium actually becomes partially converted into a carbide and here we have high amount of carbon. So, this actually becomes one complex carbide in this form so, it is actually a complex carbide of chromium and iron with 7 suffix and C 3. So, this is actually one interlayer that forms immediately on the substrate and if one is interested to see the growth rate say this is micron per hour and this is time in hour. So, what we can find it is something like that this growth is quite fast and then it slows down. So, this fast growth rate actually it is the it can be explained by the rapid pickup of this carbon from the substrate and thereby this chromium becomes a part of this complex carbide and later on what we can see. So, here chromium and carbon from the substrate they are participating to make a chromium carbide along with iron, but later on this hydrogen become very active in the later part of the process that means, CRCl 2 plus hydrogen that gives chromium plus HCl and here this ratio of CRCl 2 by hydrogen that indeed matters to have nucleation and growth rate of the coating on a substrate on a given substrate. If we fix the chemistry of the substrate then obviously, this CRCl 2 by hydrogen that partial pressure ratio, concentration ratio or flow ratio that will definitely matter in the growth nucleation of the coating over that substrate. So, it can be even one is to one or it can be as high as one is to 100. Now, here we understand the role of hydrogen it is only to move the reaction in the forward direction and not to have too much of HCl which can also push the reaction in this direction. So, this is one is to 100 and if we now see the influence of both one can find that one is to 100 that gives a higher value whereas, one is to one that gives a lower value of this coating growth. So, this is actually one is to 100 CRCl 2 by hydrogen one is to 200 and this is something like one is to one. Here also we can have a smoother coating as it has been seen through some investigation carried out that with this high flow ratio of hydrogen in relation to chromium chloride. One can get a smoother coating that means, we have a higher nucleation density on the substrate surface than what we can see with a ratio of one is to one. Now, this thickness of the coating for this steel substrate where graduating the layer thickness is very important there at least the coating thickness kept is it is kept in the order of 6 to 10 micron that is the order of the thickness. So, this is the thickness which is necessary to graduate the property of the coating. Now, this coating nucleation and further growth that is also affected by the chemistry of the substrate surface. If we have higher percentage of carbon in the substrate it is a source of carbon then immediately the coating grows at a faster rate because of the affinity of chromium towards carbon and it is a very good receptor surface. So, chromium carbide grows at a very faster rate. However, if we have a substrate where the chemistry is such that chromium cannot very easily participate in any reaction at the interface then this nucleation growth that will be having some difficulty and some limitations too. Say for example, we have seen that this chromium is used say for example, for metallization of ceramic and it has been investigated that when it is a graphite or diamond chromium can grow very easily over the surface it is because of the simple reason that chromium carbide has a higher chemical stability than that of carbon and as a result immediately chromium carbide forms. However, when it comes to this deposition of chromium in the range of 1000 degree centigrade that is a range which is of technical interest for any industrial CVD then we found that this chromium could not have a uniform coating here we had a uniform coating, but here we did not have any uniform coating few global like thing in the form of some island which shows typical of a non-weighting substrate on this surface and this is not a very good sign of chromium coating on CBN. Now, this can be explained by the fact that in this case this chromium though deposited, but the substrate participation was not that encouraging because it is BN and when it comes chromium which is deposited one would expect that it should result in either chromium boride or chromium nitride these are the two thing should form. However, what we find from the thermodynamic data that this boron nitride is much more chemically stable than that of chromium boride or chromium nitride and as a result this 1000 degree was not enough under that condition to have a continuous coating of this chromium on this boron nitride substrate. Here also one thing one should also look in that this deposition of chromium is necessary on this graphite or diamond as we have mentioned at the beginning of this lecture to enhance the weightability of a metal. Say for example, nickel weighting of nickel on graphite or diamond that would have been extremely difficult, but when we have a chromium deposition then this chromium which is either in the form of chromium or chromium carbide that will be weighted immediately by this nickel. However, here one point should be looked into that this temperature of the deposition if it is conducted at 1000 degree crack in the coating is not unexpected. However, because of this driving force of carbon which facilitates deposition of this chromium at even 900 degree centigrade. So, at 900 we could reduce chromium chloride by hydrogen and releasing chromium and this chromium could have immediately chemisoption it can be said chemisoption on this surface because even at 900 degrees chromium could form a carbide of chromium over diamond surface with a good adhesion. But if we go to very high temperature then and if it is a thicker coating then what is going to happen that because of large variation in thermal coefficient of expansion or young modulus there is a risk of coating cracking of the coating and the whole purpose may be seriously affected and the whole purpose may be lost. So, the question is that a temperature as low as possible as we have said that this deposition can be done between 750 to 1000 degree centigrade. So, one can look into this temperature low end of the temperature which will be quite suitable for deposition of this chromium over this graphite or diamond. Now, when it comes to the question of oxidation resistance or corrosion resistance it is chromium which readily gets oxidized and form a fine layer of chromium oxide and which can serves as a buffer layer or a passivating layer which prevents further oxidation or corrosion. Now, comes the question of graduating the layer. Now, this is particularly important when one like to coat the ball of a steel ball of a ball bearing or the roller or the inner rays of a anti-friction bearing. Now, the top most outer most layer is actually TIC outer most layer is TIC and the core area that is the material which is AISI 440C steel and in this case if one deposit TIC on this deposition because of the high carbon content perhaps deposition of TIC is not a difficult task, but what would be important here to have a good adhesion of the coating and also proper matching of young modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion. That means, mechanical continuity, physical continuity and thermal continuity all those things should be properly maintained and that is why we need here this chromium coating and this chromium coating will form a chromium like carbide on this steel and over that a coating of TIC can be deposited. So, this way one can deposit chromium carbide over this surface and can have one of the end product which is high performing. Now, concerning the chromium coating in particular what we have mentioned in case of weightability enhancement in this case what we have seen that the chromium coating for passivation and chromium coating for graduating the surface layer from the core area to this top layer and chromium coating for oxidation prevention requirements are not same requirements are not same. In one case, we want a inert surface that means, no further oxidation or attack of the substrate is possible that is totally ruled out. So, that is the role of this chromium while providing this passivating layer or anti oxidation or anti corrosion. Now, when it is the top TIC coating on the steel ball this is the ball of a bearing in that case it is not directly functioning, but it is actually a buffer layer and the top layer is TIC, but when it is the question of weightability it is just changing the surface chemistry of the ceramic which is otherwise inert towards say liquid metal. So, when it is the question of weightability one to micron thick layer is sufficient, but when it is the question of passivation it is a pore free dense coating is necessary and when it is a buffer layer which graduates the property it should come like a bridge between the core area and the top. So, the three functions which can be done by this chromium coating, but the layer thickness then the chemical or physical characteristics, mechanical adhesion characteristics these requirements may not be the same. So, with this we come to we have discussed all those issues. Now, we come to this summary on this chemical vapour deposition of chromium which takes the principle from packing process of chromizing. CVD process is known for better uniformity of chromium coating and relatively low processing temperature. However, the useful halide of chromium is not available easily thus in situ generation of some halide of chromium is preferred. This can be followed by CVD reaction either by thermal decomposition or reduction of the halide of chromium. The chemistry of the substrate plays an important role in growth and structure of the coating. The CVD chromium can be used as oxidation or corrosion resistant layer. It is also used as an intermediate layer to graduate the property from the substrate to the top functional coating. It can also find use in metallizing ceramic for increasing its weightability.


Percentage-wise out here we have folks that are down-draft inside the NASDAQ of 3% inside the S&Ps 2.1, inside the Dow Industries 1.1. Gold. Gold contract down $4.30 traded at 1806. We have Silver down 32 cents, $22.38 announced late-sweet crude up a buck 83, $90.09 cents, a barrel, that's not as way to $107, notes and bonds, a 10-year note down 15 ticks trading $127.21, the 30-year off a full point, plus two ticks at $154.30 and $KingDollar. $KingDollar is down 554 ticks trading $95.381, Euro is at $114, the yen is at $114.97 and the British pound is at $135 to $1.00 USD. We get open, we take a look at the spy, this is going to get really interesting here and this is why folks. Huge price destruction, that being said, you have a monster contraction of volume. So bottom line is that, yeah, you have this destruction out here, but look at this spy. The spy has only done 71 million shares. We went, yeah, yes, they hired 1.17, which was the contraction. That being said, it's going to have a hard time breaking down into this 4.44. Right now you're at 4.48, interesting, meaning in the context that we talked about, you tested the lows like four days in a row.  As you're pulling back, man, you're going to come into a much heavier volume. So I suspect this thing is going to stop and it strikes once again. And the X100, same setup, man, you have 64 million shares out here. Bottom line is that when you look at this 352, you're 355, well, you're going to need some huge volume there, man. I mean, the first downdraft had 199 million. The next one had 146 million. Then we came off the bottom at 108. It's not even going to get close. Gold, you got to love it. If you were in front of a screen this morning, folks, and saw what they did to the gold market, you just got to love it. And this is why I'm saying this, okay? What you had simultaneously is this. Let's pull up the gold contract first, because when you see this, this is G-C-J, okay. So what we did is this. They trashed the gold contract. And as they were trashing the gold contract, that got down to 1788. The dollar was getting smoked. That's when the guide came out and said, hey, man, we're going up on rates.  You're at 1806 right now, once higher price. Stay right there, folks. Come right back.


Bush fires can start quickly and threaten lives within minutes. When it comes to fire, what you need to do is black and white. Leaving early before a fire starts is always the safest option. The reasons why are black and white. Authorised by the Victorian Government, Melbourne.


My name is Ted Grantham. I'm a Cooperative Extension Specialist in the Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management at UC Berkeley. I'm also one of the co-directors of the Cannabis Research Center at UC Berkeley. Today I'm going to be talking about cannabis water use in Northern California. And before I get started with this brief presentation, I'd like to acknowledge my co-author on this work, Chris Dillis, who led much of the analysis that I'll be presenting today. One of the major concerns over the environmental impacts of cannabis is how water use by cannabis is going to affect in-stream flows for sensitive ecological resources and species that we're trying to protect like salmon and other sensitive species. We know from enforcement efforts in the past that cannabis water users rely on in-stream diversion, such as depicted here in this slide. Here we see on the left a legal water diversion that's pumping water directly from a stream and this diesel generator is perched precariously above the stream bank. And in the slide to the right we see a stream that's been ponded in line with plastic to create a pond for diverting water. And these types of impacts really raise concerns over how cannabis water users are taking water from the environment and what this means for our sensitive species and resources. We also know that water storage is proliferating across the landscape in cannabis growing regions. We're seeing these external water storage tanks and upland storage systems, such as shown on the right slide here. But to date our information about cannabis water use has largely been anecdotal, obtained through enforcement efforts and site visits. And for the first time we're now able to answer some key questions with new data that's emerging from some of the state permitting programs. These key questions include where do cannabis farms actually source their water? Where are they obtaining water from the environment? How much water is actually being used? And we're really getting new insights on what the potential impacts to in-stream flows are from cannabis water use. So today I'm going to review the insights that we've gained on these really fundamental questions that to this date have not been easily answered owing to the historical illicit nature of this crop. And these data that we rely upon are self-reporting water use data that's emerged from the Cannabis Water Discharge Regulatory Program in the North Coast region of California. These data are from the first full cultivation season of the program. This was in the year 2017. So this is actually before most of the new state permitting regulations went into effect. The data that we were able to obtain from these reports include the size of the cultivation area, the type of the cultivation, whether that's outdoor, indoor, and hoop houses, for example. We also gained information on monthly volumes of water that are either input to storage or applied directly to plants. And finally we get some information about the storage types and capacity on site. So the results that I'll be showing today rely really on an analysis of about a thousand of these reports obtained for the 2017 growing season. We actually obtained a lot more reports than that, but we screened them for quality and ended up with this restricted set of 901 sites, mostly concentrated in Humboldt, Trinity, and Mendocino County with a few records in Sonoma. So our first key question, where do cannabis farms source their water? Now cannabis water users are largely located in these very rural remote watersheds and might be obtaining water from a variety of sources, including surface water sources such as streams and springs, which may sort of vary seasonally in the amount of water available. Or they may rely on more perennial sources like groundwater that could be extracted either from inland wells, such as shown on the right, or from wells right along the riparian or stream corridor, such as shown on the left. Now when we look at these reports, what the results have shown is that the vast majority of water users in the region, over 50%, nearly 60%, are relying on well water. And this was information that before these reports came out was not well understood. It was largely assumed that these water users were largely relying on surface water sources. So let me just take a minute to walk you through this graph. Basically what we see here is that in the gray bars, it's all of the records combined. And what we see is that overall nearly 60% of cannabis users in the region rely on wells. Somewhere around 20%, 15% to 20% of those users also rely on either surface water or spring water. Slightly lower fraction rely on rainwater catchments. And a very small number of users actually rely exclusively or in part on offsite water sources. And these could include municipal water deliveries or water deliveries from offsite sources or potentially direct tie-ins to municipal sources. So our key finding really from this initial analysis was that first, we observed a widespread use of subsurface water throughout the North Coast. But we also noticed that nearly 40% overall of users continue to rely on surface and spring water. And this is important because these types of water uses, water being taken from these sources are subject to new forbearance requirements that were established in 2019. And what I mean by that is that any cannabis cultivator who's interested in entering the legal permitted market that relies on these spring or surface water sources are now required to forbear or are prevented from taking any water during the summer dry season. So basically they have to provide enough storage on site to collect water in the winter to meet their irrigation needs or they need to drill a well. So I'll come back to that point a little bit later, but just wanted to highlight this finding here. And if you want to dig a little bit deeper into these specific results on water sourcing, I can direct you to this paper that was published in 2019 in California agriculture. So the next question, how much water is actually being used by cannabis? There has been some previous work trying to address this question and basically through interviews with grower associations, a number that was developed was this idea that plants are generally using about six gallons per plant per day over the growing season. And this plant-based estimate of water use has been applied in a few different contexts. And one was the study here shown on the right where they looked at cannabis farms in different watersheds in the North Coast region and used this plant-based estimate to generate basically a water budget to estimate total cannabis water demands in relation to available stream flow. However, there are a few limitations of this approach. First, we know that cannabis is grown in different ways, right? We have outdoor plants that tend to be quite large, such as we see in the upper right-hand corner. And we also have cannabis plants that are grown in these hoop houses or covered areas where the plant density is much higher and the plants themselves are much smaller. And so we really can't compare the plant-based use of these two cultivation types. Second, we can expect that there's going to be a seasonality of water demand. In current previous approaches, they've basically used gallons per plant estimate and applied it across the entire growing season from March until October. And we can expect that plant water demands are actually going to ramp up as they get bigger and as the season progresses and probably peak in the late summer. Finally, these plant-based approaches are limited in the way that we can interpret the data in relation to stream flow because this really assumes that the water that's being applied to plants are being taken on demand from the environment rather than using water storage. So a really important point here is that there's a difference between plant water demand or water use and water extraction. So in this case, water use is just the total amount of water applied from either natural sources or storage directly to the plants to grow these plants. And it really reflects the plant water demand in the growing season. And this has really been what's been used previously to think about potential environmental impacts of cannabis water use. In contrast, water extraction is probably a more reliable way of thinking about environmental impacts. And this really represents the sum of water taken from the environment and either directly applied to plants or diverted into storage. So it really reflects the total amount of water and the timing of water withdrawn from the environment. And this way of thinking about water use is probably more ecologically relevant when thinking about potential impacts to salmon and other sensitive species. So further analysis of this data has shown that the source of water, which I've shown can vary quite substantially depending on where they're located and every farm, has a huge influence on the timing of water extraction. And here we just see a really notable example where if cannabis farms are relying on rainwater catchment, their patterns of extraction are going to be entirely in the winter wet seasons. In other words, the timing of water use is going to be concentrated in November to April, whereas we see that farms that rely primarily on groundwater or well water pump primarily on demand. In other words, they're not pumping from the wells into storage, but rather they're taking that water from wells and applying it directly to plants as they need it. And so in this case, if they're relying on wells, the demands largely reflect really the plant water demand in the growing season. With farmers relying on both surface and spring water sources, we see a more steady demand across the growing season, where we see perhaps some peak in the growing season months, but the timing of withdrawals is actually much more consistent. And this is really explained by the role of storage that I mentioned earlier. And in particular, it appears that growers that rely on seasonal water sources like springs and surface water sources like streams often use storage, such as like the pond shown here or these above-ground water storage tanks to augment their irrigation supplies in the dry growing season. And so we took all these data and we developed a model to try to understand how the access to different water sources and or the presence of water storage actually affects these seasonal water extraction patterns. So let me take a minute to walk you through this slide. What this shows is the seasonal extraction profiles of different classes of water users. In the yellow-orange color, those are water users that rely on perennial water sources like groundwater. And as I showed earlier, this pattern of demand largely reflects cannabis, the plant water demand itself. And so it really tracks the growing season. In contrast, the blue line here represents cultivators that have access to a pond on site and are able to store large quantities of water in the wet season. And so here we basically see the exact opposite pattern where all of the vast majority of water is being extracted in the winter months and very little water, relatively little water is being extracted in the growing season. And we see that other users that rely on seasonal sources but don't have access to large storage like a pond have that sort of steady water use profile across the season. Just one note here is that these graphs represent the estimated use for the median farm size in the area, which is about a quarter of an acre. So those demand volumes that you see on the y-axis are relative to the sort of the median farm size. You also see in light gray here a line that shows the plant-based estimate of total demand. So that's basically six gallons per plant per day. And what we see is that for groundwater users, the amount of water being applied to farms pretty much matches that amount in the peak of the dry season. But at the beginning of the growing season and the end of the growing season, total water demand is actually much less. So this sort of plant-based approach that's been used previously is pretty reflective of peak season water demands but may not be as a good an indicator estimate of demands in the earlier late season. So coming back to this question of water storage and some of the policy implications of this work, as I mentioned earlier, farms that rely on seasonal water sources, surface water sources like streams and springs, are under the new permitting system, are no longer able to take any water from those sources between April and October. In other words, they either have to store the water they need in the wet season or drill wells. And based on our analysis of these data, we see that those farms that rely on these seasonal water sources, most of them or the majority of them do not have sufficient storage to meet that requirement. And so this suggests to me that in the future we can either expect to see increasing well drilling to allow them to continue to meet their water demands and meet the permitting requirements or potentially the expansion of water storage if they're able to on their site. So some key findings from our analysis of water use first, farms with perennial water sources, in other words, farms that rely primarily on groundwater or Iperian well water, do not store much water. And the extraction patterns, the timing in which water is taken from the environment, really follows plant demand during the growing season. In contrast, farms relying on seasonal water sources really show a steady demand across the year. And this sort of lack of variation really reflects sort of continued inputs of water from the environment into storage in the winter season and then continued applications during the growing season. And finally, from this analysis, we found that farms with ponds generally extract most of their water, if not all of their water in the growing season and have enough water stored really to meet their plant water demands throughout the dry season. So it's the farms with the ponds that are, for them to meet some of these new permitting requirements. So let's just review our key questions and the conclusions drawn from this analysis. First question, where do cannabis farms source their water? Our key takeaway point here is that wells are the most common water source in this region followed by surface water and springs. How much water use is really the wrong question to ask? What we should be asking is how much water is extracted and when? And this we basically find that the timing and amount of water extracted for cannabis really depends on the water source that they're relying upon or water sources and available storage capacity. So what does this all mean for impacts to in-stream flows? This is an area of research that we're continuing to explore, but these findings provide some insight that we can use to think about these potential impacts. First, we see that for the majority of sites are the extraction patterns really track plant irrigation demands. And so in this region of California stream flows are naturally quite low in the growing season. And so this additional demand for agricultural water use raises some concern over in-stream flow impacts. However, it's important to note that groundwater use, which I've noted is widespread, and off-stream storage perhaps might moderate some of these impacts. In other words, the impacts that we might see from direct diversions are probably greater than the impacts that we might see from groundwater use. However, recent studies have shown that groundwater use can actually cause both acute and chronic stream flow depletion. And so it's not like groundwater could not have an impact on surface flows. It's just that those impacts might be delayed or take a little more time to manifest in the system. And when thinking about stream flow impacts and our approach to quantifying stream flow impacts, we really need to think about both the quantity and timing of water extraction patterns, as well as the location of diversion and whether they're taking water from surface or groundwater. And so if they're taking water from groundwater that's directly adjacent to the stream in the riparian zone, which is quite common, the impacts are probably the same effectively as if they were taking water directly from the stream. In contrast, if the water is being taken far from the stream from surface water sources that have sort of limited connectivity to the stream, then those impacts are likely to be delayed or lagged from the timing of diversion. So basically this points to the need for further research to really get a handle on how cannabis water diversions are impacting stream flow. And this is an active area of research that we're continuing to explore here at the Cannabis Research Center. Our next step is really to link some of the information that we're gaining from aerial imagery mapping of distribution of cannabis farms and linking them with these types of water use models to predict total estimated water demands throughout the year and trying to understand what this might mean for stream flow. Another important topic that I haven't discussed in this presentation are the potential impacts of cannabis on water quality. So we know from, again, from enforcement actions and from interviews with cannabis farmers that the use of pesticides and fertilizers and fuels for generators and so forth is fairly, fairly widespread and represents a fairly significant threat if these chemicals are to enter our waterways. And so that's another area of research that we will continue to explore in the future. Thank you very much for your attention. If you'd like to reach out and have any questions, feel free to contact me at the email below. Thank you.


Hello everybody and welcome back to the channel Happily Dressed, a blog dedicated to self-acceptance, self-confidence, and self-sufficiency. Today we are doing something very fun. I am showing you guys how I made this little cross body bag. So the back is this really cool quilted fabric and then also the inside. So I actually have food in there right now. Doubles. So it's the quilted fabric and then also this really nice like vacation lining that I have. But basically I'm showing you guys how I did that. I was actually inspired by a cross body bag I saw on Instagram recently and wanted to make something similar to that and I definitely failed the first time. I can show you guys. I made this and I really wanted it to be a cool shape. I'm more like a well zipper but it just turned out to be a little bit more challenging than I thought especially with the new fabric I started to work with. It's less malleable so I did it shape around the curves as well. And also the pattern for this bag is available on Patreon. So if you want to become a Patreon member you can go down to the link in the description bar below. So if you want you can check that out but let's hear right into the video. So first I started off by using my old failed cross body bag to measure out the new square cross body bag that I wanted to use. This is what the pattern looks like. I'm going to cut out four because that is just the pattern in half because the zipper will go in the middle. The zipper I used was pretty long as you can see. Not only did I use the pattern to cut out the two squares and the lining I also used a different pattern to cut out the sides that these straps are going to attach to. Once the sides of the front of the cross body bag were all put together it looked something like this. Now I moved on to creating the straps. So basically what I did was sandwich the straps in between two of the sides right sides facing with the strap inside the concoction so when I sewed it at a half inch seam allowance all around I was able to flip it out and top stitch it. Next what I did was take that front piece and use it to create the pattern piece for the back. I went ahead and used that new pattern now to cut out the back piece out of my quilted fabric. Now that the back piece is cut out we want to prepare the front to be attached to the back piece. So what we're going to do is put in the strap pieces in the mid mark like right where the zipper is and pin those down and go ahead and stay stitch those in place so that way when we attach the back we don't have to worry about those moving around. So once that's done I went ahead and put my back to my front right sides facing though for me with this quilted fabric both sides were the right sides so it didn't matter but for you to make sure it's right sides facing and go ahead and pin that down and sew all the way across you want to also make sure that your zipper is open so that way you're able to flip the bag inside out once you're done. After that go ahead and cut away the excess to about a quarter of an inch so that way when you flip it around it will not be so bulky and this is the bag almost finished so now the inside looks something like this now we just need to hide the seam on the inside with bias tape and then we're going to also attach the last clip to be able to actually use the bag and make it functional as well. Then this is me with the bias tape I went all the way around first and then I'm going to turn it in and sew it down one more time so it looks something like that and when you're done the whole bag should look clean and even which is so nice and it looks so pretty to me on the inside and then that is your bag done that's the inside as you can see there's the bias tape in there but yeah I'm actually really happy with the way this turned out I'll definitely experiment with more shapes later on but I thought this was just an easy way to get yourself a crossbody bag that fit most items so my phone could go in there I could even put a small book in there some food yeah I'm actually really happy with the way it turned out and that's the end of the video I hope you guys enjoyed making your own little commuter crossbody bag I actually really love it it's so useful if it's my phone if it's my keys even if it's like some light reading books that I have which is really nice if you guys do choose to make this for yourself make sure if you post it on Instagram to tag me I happily dress so I can check it out and I have a lot of links in the description unlike the materials I use to sew even the tarot cards I used to do tarot readings if you didn't know I do that as well and you can book a personal reading if you want to but yeah until next time I see you guys in my next video see you guys later


What's going on everyone Sam here with late and sports cards, and I'm ripping one box of 2022 Pini select UFC hobby for Cody B. So good luck Cody. See we got in here for you, buddy. Oh That's what always happens like one person one person ruins it for everyone Like I don't get like you have nothing better to do at 130 of 140 a.m. Then to do that like That's really the bet. That's the best use of you could just be sleeping. I'd rather be sleeping Patty pin blip rookie. There you go. Nice start there, Cody on the patty Got Julian Marquez. I know you said right as you say that rose not my units on the silver nice Daniel Rodriguez got Grant Dawson on the tricolor not numbered Algevain Sterling John Jones. We've got Alexander Volkanov ski nice on the patch auto Congrats Cody 106 out of 199 very nice Heck yeah, congrats on that one, buddy. That is sick Such a fire hit then we've got Raphael Fiziev on the lime green rookie to 49 16 out of 49 man. That is so sick that Volkanov ski That will play for sure. You have a Volk one of one Ricky Simon Got Kamaro Uzman and Brock Lesnar on the silver nice. I guess go for the rainbow now, Cody To Evasa got It is a rise of favor on the fighter using material Not numbered on that one Bantam wait Yeah, rip Uzman honestly not actually rip Uzman. That's silver Jennifer Maya But rip Uzman in the fact that he lost that Chanel Nina Nunez and we've got blue Pedro Munoz Very nice. He's got Bryce Mitchell and scope Anderson Silva a nice one there on the Silva is Jack Hermansen nice Jack Hermansen nice on the octagon action signatures Nice auto there for you Cody got Alexander Pintoia on the tricolor not numbered Avila got San Diego or Santiago Ponson ebio silver premier level John Jones Pena Corey Sandhagan got bronze rookie Ricky Simon featherweight.  Good luck, buddy Again Jalen Turner and silver of tie to Evasa heavyweight Very nice that'll do it for your box there Cody congrats on all the hits buddy. We'll get them right out to you Thanks again


So let's say it drop cover and hold on They are three simple steps that could save your life drop cover and hold on Many in the Golden State have simply become indifferent to warnings about them Plus many believe that some level of risk is unavoidable So they feel less motivated to prepare for unexpected emergencies So I wanted them to understand why earthquakes happen and how earthquakes can affect them Because if you're just told you got to do this you're told you got to do a lot of things But when you really believe that earthquakes are part of your life you take it more seriously The great shakeout drill held worldwide on the third Thursday of October each year is hoping to change people's minds and get them prepared What makes earthquakes so deadly and dangerous is they don't happen very often, but when they do they're so destructive so Time passes and we kind of forget about it and many Californians weren't around at the Loma Prada or Northridge time They weren't born yet, or they didn't live here and it's so we need drills like these to keep it top of mind and to Practice what to do how to drop cover and hold so you have that muscle memory In 2013 alone more than 24 million people including nine and a half million in California Sign up to duck under their desk cover their heads and hold on to something sturdy Shakeout is a big day for us It is an opportunity for everybody to drill their plan because you know you're at a stadium people do the way they go up I mean the shakeout everybody goes down, right? So it's like a reverse way and it's happening in more than 60 countries Additional company Fire service is like anybody else. They've got a train to hone those skills while they use a lot of them every day The major catastrophic event that we're expecting we're really gonna need to be on their toes In the San Francisco Bay area the tech museum in San Jose was a place where hundreds of students got to practice What they need to do should the ground shake when they are on a field trip This is a great audience to be able to talk about emergency preparedness. They're young. They're impressionable You can you can send the message they can you reinforce it multiple times with them And they they then think through that and they take it home and they share it with their parents This annual opportunity to practice how to be safer during big earthquakes It's a good reminder to start an emergency plan with your family if you don't have one and get your emergency kit ready You should plan to be self-sufficient for about 72 hours following an earthquake Prepare today to survive and recover plan now to survive this event So you and your loved ones can carry on down the road Prepare now so you and your family can survive recover and get your life back to normal after the next big earthquake


Hey guys, welcome to Rotoride. I'm the Dreb and this is Cricket and this is community spotlight And what community spotlight is is that we pick out a couple videos that we like throughout the community that people post up throughout YouTube and on Facebook and We let you guys see what we think about it. This episode here is bought to you by hypo Hypo is the battery brand that Rotoride produces and makes and I think we're doing a giveaway Special thing about the hypo batteries that it has a built-in Battery checker you never have to worry is this one charged on again great good red No, so we're gonna be picking out a video from today And we're gonna be sending that pilot three hypo batteries and their choice of size We got a 1300 milliamp hour and 1500 milliamp hour, so we'll be picking out someone you'll get three fresh Hypo lipo could be you could be you could be you let's get right into it We've got some great categories. We don't have a sub 1k sub club like the under 1000 But most of these videos have under a thousand subscribers Yeah, I just want to spread it out through all the categories right these guys are coming up Yeah, so we hope that we can introduce you guys to a lot of great pilots that you may have never heard of and there are Definitely some in here that you have heard of but you know spread the love give you some people to subscribe to give you something new To watch our first category It's the good old Location and this is a good location awesome This is kev pv this guy has been flying for a while. He's always doing this long-range stuff like look It's just amazing to me like people have no fear of losing their It's beautiful, but I wouldn't do it. Why don't we just have mountains like this down the street from us, huh? Cuz we wouldn't have any quads They'll be all right there somewhere. Yeah, Kevin knows what he's doing when it comes to setting up his antennas and everything just Right and then that view is beautiful. Nobody sees this. You never see these views never And he's catching you. I mean how else can you see something like this? Like there's no way to get shots like this other than our quads You should check the link in the description to this video and watch the whole thing in its entirety because it is Beautiful all the videos that we are shown today are gonna be linked in the whole family to watch that one This is a bucket list item for me. Where is this? I don't know where it is, but look he's flying these like nuclear silos and other cooling towers It's not necessary nuclear, but this is all my bucket list to dive a cooling tower like this Oh my gosh, I so want it. It's so trippy So I love the fact that he gets to do this thing that I've always wanted to do but then wait for it. Oh Man, it's the fence, but I love this energy.  Okay, so that was James bowls next up mr G seeks it's water involved. I'm out. That is crazy I think he's just playing the whole thing back in super slow motion, but it really works here But I love the like the sound engineering All I have is that clip I saw on Facebook. I've been I was like guys where is the I was commenting Where is the link to YouTube? I don't I don't know where that was YouTube channel is Just a little teaser and he didn't link his YouTube that little 15-second deal isn't doing enough for me We need the whole thing of that mr. Kyle and Ton of which this is sick all I could do is just Down the crevasse doing sick clips like long range is really where it's at now nowadays I feel like I feel like if you want to go out and get those like that mountain surf and I love watching the videos I like it because I'm scared to do it. Maybe that's why I'm so intrigued. I agree with that I love something. I would never do so it's like oh, that's awesome. This guy is Ganky this clips coming all the way from South Africa. He calls this place Bando city Look at all those I can't even count all the gaps. See we don't have stuff like this in America Love the music he's got going in this too. It's like super chill his flying style is a little more aggressive But it's still it fits. It fits really well you get that nice smooth swan swan swan swan. What is it? What is what is that? I don't know. It's I think it's um a Style on swan. Our next category is the creativity category. These are some unique videos We got some unique things here friend Let's see what these guys have in there. This is very different for you watching look at this You got Dan Carpe with a street fighter style at it doing battle with this cat I think I think the cat's into it It's so funny like he's got all the sound effects going.  Yeah, and I think the cat's into it. Oh Okay, that's a great way to work on your piloting skills. Just have a cat always what we got next here drill This is Dave Duffy. He did a little Pokemon themed. Yeah, it's funny I was one of those guys in the parking lot looking for Pokemon not too long ago. He's got a caterpillar on the lens It's so Do a battle he's doing battle get him quad pilot you just snap roll No, not at all. I think sticky. I think it wants to be off there just as much as he doesn't want it on there either Chatterpee he's freaking out right now next up. We have Sean Dolan it's really simple concept, but he took the game of Thrones intro sequence and Just put like tiny what props in the frame and like look how much this actually looks like it's kind of legit How do you think of that one? That's good, but this is all totally CGI But should have hired one of the quad pilots to do stuff. Come on now. It looks good It works really well on certain shots that not so much because it Over our next category is killer edits. What's a killer at it a killer at is this that fire? That fire, you know when you have it everybody knows when they have it Joanie FPV only has 588 subscribers, but that color effort he's put into this video It's so well done like this guy's really good at editing and putting together clips the colors are beautiful in the song I love this.  That's a good pass by shot. It's really good of following stuff Staying right on point with that tip of that lots of good things going on here all the chasing all the flippy floppies all the mountain Dives check him out. Looks like a solid road trip This guy sick Kyle site Kyle say hey Kyle I don't think I don't know how to say but I actually met this guy This is an edit from the Aussie Jack drone expo Which Alex and I just went to in Croatia and so seeing how he put together an edit kind of recapping the event Yeah, it's cool. I think you really captured the energy, but obviously made it look a lot more like cinematic Oh, we got Vanny in there. Oh, there's me. Yeah This looks like a really really professionally done video. This is did you race at this event? I did You'll have to wait for the road ride episode to see I'm like cats out of bags asking questions. I'm not supposed to be asking our next category is such cinema Very wow Look at this look at this who FPV that's his backyard. I guess so he's saying it's back up Look at these clips. This is some like Cinewop real steady stuff. I mean the detail and how tidy oh Steady hands, bro But I love he's really working the like sound effects in the sound engineering So every speed ramps got that you hear the birds all this stuff. It really brings you into it next up Nicholas Gayard Trying these guys are just crushing his long-range stuff, man This is just super give you guys so much respect like this is this movie stuff is such such cinema Very wow.  I mean it's just this could have been in so many categories. Yeah location. It's definitely wow Yeah, it had to go into wow Such cinema, he's up in the mountains down like just flew the whole damn country. Well, are we okay for this?  Hello friend Are you this is one of the best fpv videos? I've ever seen I mean the bet. What is it? That's done with the Mavic. We're like. We're like. Oh, yeah He's already got five hundred five or five thousand subscribers, but like he needs what was that done with at the end I think just you know he actually had control over his squad Last up in I got this last up in such cinema. Wow We have Tom's fpv.  This is something to do with Red Bull. He's chasing the kayakers again Great use of like sound all these guys are really Creating oh gosh. Oh gosh. Is you okay? Yeah? But all the guys in these categories are creating like a real cinematic piece that you know It's more than just a visual. It's the whole presentation. It brings you in sound the colors the edit definitely brings you into Music, you know, did you even notice that now?   She's next to rock. Oh my gosh. You caught it What I love the way in old Tom's videos at the end they grabbed the quad and they turn to gop her off next category These are close calls saves these guys saved their quads and got it back from some precarious situation This guy Florence Lopez check this out. Well, hold it. Oh man. Yeah, that's like gone. I would drive away. No, no, wait for it Oh, he got so lucky. I can't believe Fly from across the shore so that was gonna be gone Or even if he was gonna walk to it. That's the whole it's a whole day Yeah, that's you gotta wave down some eye with the boat and take you over there. You got super lucky, bro All right, Russell FPV. I saw this you see this. Yeah, so he's like stuck in a gutter I can't believe they're trying this so they're trying the old dangly dangly do from another quad But when it's stuck in a gutter like this, I would not be trying this I'm like that's how you're gonna lose the second quad see this is you don't want friends like drew Are you serious? There's no way look look he's about to get stuck you don't success look look what do you think happens realistic? Worry about yours and not everybody else I will climb up with me and you're quiet When you were stuck today, I was up on your shoulders and and still didn't get it I mean for the record Sean Morrison was the end the guy that ended up getting it so don't try I try I was up Stop and let's watch Russell see what do you think happens? What do you think happens? Friends help other friends. I will help you. I'm just not sending my draw see how that worked out guys He was all negative. He would have never even tried to get it a good friend of this guy Russell helped him felt confident enough To get his quad back and this is the success to the worst who we got here. We got Kirk.   We're yeah, man.  He's working on like trippy spins and stuff these tall light poles are great for that So you get stuck on one. Well, it's what ends up happening So he's doing the the split a siruski with a with a yaw through Messes up okay total mode recovery back in the game. I think all is good Okay, so he's gonna go then straight from the recovery to the trippy spin And oh man those are like to get stuck in but he doesn't show us where all right That's my one complaint about the video Kirk. How'd you get it down? How do you know it was saved because you got the GoPro footage? So it had he had to have gotten it down. He got the SD card. Well, unless you know what I've wondered What if you went up with the Wi-Fi? Yeah, I was just downloading it. Is it still up there? Did you get it back or was it not say it was it saved or not saved? I don't Especially in place like that. You have to be to get it. I'd shoot an arrow at it You're an archer now. Yeah jack of all trades. Oh, that's category is good freestyle It was just some good freestyle Just good.  It wasn't so wow. I'm just saying like this is good freestyle.  I like you see this guy. Yes Eugene. He's awesome Yes, Eugene was at all rampage. Yes, he was he's been at rampage. He's been at quad camps met him a few times He makes really great videos wait for it Is that cricket approved that's that's cricket approved there that was dope and it's in a line, too This isn't just good freestyle. This is great for changing the name of the category great freestyle But he's so proud. He's so proud.  I love this guy. Those are FPV. Those is from my hometown. I Those are kills wall rides. Oh, is this guy from Baltimore? He's from like right outside of Baltimore Well, this you say he's good at wall rides. This is the spot for him. He's got two tall buildings I love flying places like this because you just get the like the half pipe situation and he shows you how it's done That's my favorite move now. That's all you do down with the yaw through. That's how to play the wall right back into We need to find see that like that man. I don't like that. You don't like that. I don't like the back and forth Especially when you're coming down. It's it's a it's not just all I love that though That I like right to the side of it like but that's a different thought this looks like you can't figure out Which way you're going? That is commitment. Did you roll that back amazing video though? I Like that part. I don't like what I can have it It was so close. He's like what washing windows all the time. Yeah, why is he called dozer? This is window washer. That's a good pilot name window wash Especially when you got this to back it up and our last clip of today is by whoa.  He's playing it backwards. I think he's playing it back. I thought that was terrible guys. Just make sure to clock. Oh Yeah, it's cool intro. Yeah, but now we're in there. Yeah, that was a dope transition thingy flip flop, so I like that he is making the open area Pretty interesting pretty just flat, but he's working it. He's using them tractor lines If you can keep someone interested in a full open field. Yeah You're doing all right there, but right as you might just be getting bored of the open field It's gonna get on him trees. He's gonna get in them trees, man They get in the trees. I like to transition for some is real like different. It's different I haven't flown tall trees like that. Wow another fine example of great freestyle not just good Great. All right guys. That's all the clips we have today. That's a rat I want to give it to G you I want to give the batteries to Eugene. I think Eugene deserves it I mean what he was talking about.  I need parts you could perfect Batteries and he's also Contributes. Are you awesome community member? He's always helping people. He's always helping people learn and not to say that Everybody else doesn't but G you just sticks out a lot in my head when I think of good community members Yeah, that's what I think you deserve to get some recognition. Yeah get some batteries But all these clips today were amazing. Thank you guys for For flying and pushing the limits of FPV posting clips to our Facebook That's where I find a lot of clips on Facebook And keep posting them and keep posting them send them in send them into the road a ride What's there? There's a there's a link in the description where you can submit your clips or someone else clip that you want to see Featured on our community spotlight videos But most of time I just am scrolling through our road a ride Facebook group and I see clips there because it you know Automatically plays so make sure you post a YouTube link post them everywhere But include the YouTube link because if I'm scrolling through and I see something hot I want to click on the YouTube channel right away and make sure that we can we can get the higher quality video for when we Want to feature here so and see the whole thing because like the one video was great We only have a waterfall. Where's the full length? Where's that? So post that keep them posting keep pushing the hobby guys Till next time guys. See you guys And yeah, like always Drew's holding us up We're just sitting here tick tock think I love about community spotlight These are videos that you might not see these are videos that I wouldn't have seen comes out So much that you never really get a chance to actually stop and take your time and look at the things that people are Greating out there.


If you can do that, you're winning. So what I mean by that is, my husband, and I love him so much.  I look at him and I love him so much. I imagine if I was really an obese, gassly woman who's toothless, and then I found this man, I would do anything to keep him. Because he has options. So I, I want to please him.  I'm like, do you want a sandwich or what? You want roast tonight? Do you want to go for a hike? What do you want to do? You know, like whatever you want to do, I will do that for you.


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Hey guys, welcome back to Come Again, I'm Shannon, and today we're going to be talking about Ghostbusters 101 No. 5, which hit the stands today. As with the other Ghostbusters 101 issues and all of the good Ghostbusters comics in recent years, this story was created by Eric Burnham and Dan Schoening, whom John and I did an interview with a couple months ago. If you'd like to check it out, the link will be in the description below. For me, this issue was by far possibly the slowest moving of the entire Schoening Burnham series. It did have a few good parts, mainly dealing directly with Holtzman. The first of which was when Holtzman met Walter Peck for the first time, which you can only imagine how that played out. The second of course was Holtzman and Vaigman's conversation in the Ecto-1, where Holtzman tries converting their traps into a kind of bluetooth setup so that she can remotely activate the traps. But then we have Abby getting down on herself because she's realizing she isn't as special as she once thought. It should have been her to make all these discoveries and technological advances, but then Aaron snaps her out of it, just in time for Holtzman to get back to see that Rae gutted her baby and turned it into a mobile containment unit. While I'm really enjoying this series and can't wait to see where IDW's Ghostbusters Answer the Call takes us when it's finally released, I will say this issue was fairly slow. Not quite as entertaining as the others, but it was still good nonetheless. So head on out to your local comic book shop today and pick up a copy of Ghostbusters 101 No. 5 on sale now. For Comic N TV, I'm Shannon and if you enjoyed this video, make sure you subscribe for more content and give us a like because every time you do, you protect the memory of lesser known heroes and comic book publishers.


Andy for inviting me to be one of the trainers, everybody who's watching this, I hope you get a chance to come to the Dunk Camp and I hope it's the first of many. It's super exciting. I can't believe he's putting this whole thing together. It's just so awesome to be able to see how Dunking is growing to a place where we can start training people and getting the whole program set up. I just think it's so awesome. I can't wait. You can go to the website, you can go to the Instagram, whoever you want to do it. There now is an early bird for only $400 for four days. I'll be there. Isaiah will be there. CJ will be there. Downing will be there. Other people will be there too. It's going to be amazing. It's going to be a ton of fun. I can't wait for it. I hope you guys are as pumped as I am and it's the first Dunk Camp. It's going to be amazing. So just look out for more. Follow his Instagram at the Dunk Camp and just stay tuned because it's going to be the, I'm hoping the first of many camps and more programs worldwide, hopefully the start of something huge. Andy, you're awesome. I'm so excited for this. Thanks again and everybody watching. Go show some love. Dunking is huge. Let's get it.