Aloha and welcome to Power Up Hawaii, where Hawaii comes together to walk towards a clean and just energy future. I am your host, Raya Salter. I'm an energy attorney, clean energy advocate, and community outreach specialist. Today, we'll look at how community planning is important to climate adaptation and energy justice. Hawaii's mandate to reach 100% clean and renewable energy is important for many reasons. It's important for the environment and the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Perhaps more important, however, is the need for the islands to end its dependence on imported oil and improve both the energy affordability and energy security of Hawaii. As we move towards a clean energy future, there's an emphasis on distributed clean energy generation, like rooftop solar and community solar. Now, as energy assets transform and spread throughout our communities, it's more important than ever that energy customers have input on how energy decisions are made. Further, communities need to make these decisions in the context of the threats posed by climate change. This climate change will mean increasing temperatures and increasing incidence of severe weather events. So, today, we will learn how advocates in New York are doing cutting-edge work to engage communities in climate adaptation. We will also discuss work being done in Hawaii to include communities in energy planning. I am joined in the studio by Sean Aronson. Hello and welcome, Sean. Sean is a student at the University of Hawaii at Minoa Richardson Law School. He's focusing on environmental law with a specialization in property and land use, as well as energy policy, and is a participant in the Energy Justice Clinic at the Law School. He also has degrees in anthropology and documentary filmmaking. Welcome, Sean. Thank you, Raya. Thanks for having me here. I'm looking forward to the discussion. Excellent. You're very, very welcome. Now, I am also joined via Skype by Arash Kaurazad. Arash is an urban planner working and living in New York City. His practice is focused on the democratization of urban planning and development processes. He currently works as a policy coordinator at React for Environmental Justice based in New York City and as a lecturer on urban planning at the New School, at the City University of New York, excuse me, at the New School and at the City University of New York. Recent projects of his include the Northern Manhattan Climate Action Plan, WayCount, a tool for community-based transportation planning, and the redevelopment of the 135th Street Marine Waste Transportation, among others. So this is someone who is deeply involved in community planning and environmental justice. Arash has a degree in urban studies and a master's in urban and regional planning. Welcome, Arash. Thank you for having me. Glad to be here. So I am so pleased that you're both here today. And we're talking about what I think is an increasingly important issue, which is how can communities be involved in decisions that directly affect them as we transform our energy systems and also face climate change. So I'm so pleased to have you both here. And Arash, I'm going to ask a question I'm going to start with you. Could you please just go ahead and let us know? Oh, actually, let me back up. If you could introduce yourself and tell us about We Act for Environmental Justice and the work that you do. Sure. First of all, thank you for having me. Congratulations on your show, and we're happy to be joining you from New York. The organization I work for goes by the name of We Act for Environmental Justice, as we mentioned. They're a very historic and important organization within the environmental movement and within New York City, too. And that's because they were the first environmental justice organization in New York. We've been doing community-based work in Northern Manhattan and broader New York City for about 25-plus years. And, you know, the organization and the community members that the organization is comprised of, which we'll talk about more later, have really led the way in doing participatory research, legislative advocacy, you know, citizen science, direct action, all of the different approaches and tools that are necessary to create greater social equity and how we all experience environmental impacts are things that We Act has been working on for many years and, you know, have led the way in developing. And we do that primarily in New York City. All right. Thank you so much for sharing information about We Act. And would you like me to go on in terms of the work that we're doing now? Um, Arash. All right. So I think we are going to go to a quick break and we'll return with Arash and Sean and talk about community adaptation and energy justice. I'm Gordell the Texar here on Think Tech Hawaii, where we co-host Hibachi Talk, where we talk about technology and bring in all kinds of cool guests. Also, my co-host with me today is... Andrew the security guy. Okay. Thanks for watching. Thanks for watching Think Tech Hawaii and thanks for watching Hibachi Talk. We also have Angus. How do you know that in the lab? It's Angus. I bring in all kinds of wee things. Oh, look, you can see my lips move. Thank you and welcome back to Power Up Hawaii. So, we had just heard from Arash talking about the work of We Act for Environmental Justice. So Sean, if you could please tell us a bit about the environmental... Sorry, the Energy Justice Clinic at UH Richardson Law School. Yeah, sure. So very much, I would say, differently than Arash. Arash is a very new organization. And so I am in my third year of law school and the program started in my first year. So it's less than three years old. And the goal was kind of filling a void. We didn't see our Professor Shalanda Baker and other students really didn't see this work being done by any other group that was specifically targeting communities in Hawaii on energy justice planning.  When you don't have a group to join, you might as well start your own. And so we have been working with communities on this island and then also communities in other islands and other parts of the state. Our first project was with the North Shore of Oahu and we did some community energy planning workshops around the merger and what was going on with our utility. And then most recently we've done some work on the island of Molokai. Excellent. Yeah. That's interesting. Great. It is fantastic to know that this work is happening in Hawaii in a real way. So we're going to go back to Arash. Yeah, sure. I'd like to ask you, can you tell us what is community adaptation planning and why it is important? Absolutely. Well, WEAC has been working since January 2015 on creating a community-based plan for Northern Manhattan. And for people who are familiar with New York City, Northern Manhattan includes the communities of Harlem, Washington Heights and Inwood. It's about 500,000 people. A wide range of ethnicities, races, income groups being a very diverse place and also a place that's very vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because there's a lot of coastline, there are a lot of heat islands and there are a lot of social issues which are compounded by those environmental impacts and that's what WEAC works on is helping for people to understand the connection between those social issues and climate change or environmental impacts and to make sure that those impacts don't have a disproportionate outcome on low-income communities of color. And in terms of community adaptation planning, there's an environmental justice aspect to every environmental justice issue and climate change is no different. And environmental justice is an issue in New York because the public sector has not implemented the necessary policies to make sure that certain demographic groups, as we've been discussing, aren't severely impacted. And so in terms of doing community adaptation planning, it's about community members coming together, talking about the issues that they know very well, doing that in collaboration with the scientific community who can help communicate what the long-term impacts of climate change will be and trying to get a comprehensive picture of what the future of any specific area will look like and to take the steps necessary to make sure that, you know, whether it's flooding, whether it's increasing temperatures, whether it's increasing, you know, the increased likelihood of blackouts or any other outcome that we can expect to happen more frequently and more severely as a result of climate change, you know, making sure that we're doing everything we can to adapt to those changes and to mitigate them and to become resilient to them so we can bounce back quicker and we don't experience a greater amount of suffering because of what these changes will inflict on us. And there's all kinds of tools and techniques that you can use to do that and we can talk about that more. Yeah, actually, let me continue with you. Could you tell us a bit about the work that you're doing in New York City with climate adaptation planning? Sure. So this is a process that we started in early January. We act as a membership-based organization and so, you know, we've been working with several hundred people on a very regular basis leading up to this and we continue to engage those people within this climate change adaptation and resilience process. You know, we focus more on the concept of resilience, which is creating an environment that's strong enough to absorb shocks that occur to it from the outside. That's the technical definition. We always add an environmental justice focus and so we want to make sure that certain communities are resilient, communities that don't have a lot of resources, communities that are very vulnerable to those impacts and that's who our membership is comprised of. Those are the people we engage in this process. We started out by doing something called scenario planning, which is to simply work collaboratively with the science of the community and with other quote-unquote experts, people who have done a certain amount of research on the subject to help us understand, well, what will the impact of climate change be? You know, what if there is another Sandy and it happens at high tide this time instead of low tide? What would that mean for the community? If there is a blackout, how would that affect this? If temperatures do go up three, four degrees and there's five heat waves one year instead of three heat waves like there were this year, what would that mean for us? And to talk about that, to have a discussion as a community about what those impacts will be and then to more importantly come up with a plan that utilizes all of the social capital that we have within the community to deal with those impacts. And that's what our process is focused on and that's how we develop something called the Northern Manhattan Climate Action Plan which is a comprehensive plan to create resilience. And that's what we've been working on implementing since we developed it last year. Oh, excellent. That sounds like really interesting and important work. Sean, if you could, I know you started by telling us some of the work that you've done on the North Shore but if you could tell us a bit about some of the work that the clinic has been doing on the actions. Yeah, sure. Yeah, no problem. Again, so we started this work back in about 2014, 2015 so it's been going on about a year or two and we were really looking at areas that may have been underrepresented in politics and in different areas here on the island and the North Shore community has always been a very active community politically but they were dealing with some... they have had the highest proportion of wind turbines on the island and so they were very concerned that they might be dealing with future wind turbines which, you know, they had people support but they wanted to have that community discussion going forward because they felt like they weren't included the last times and so we came up with a plan to hold some community meetings. We held three community meetings all within about a month of each other and they were in three different parts of the North Shore which is kind of a geographically diverse area and also ethnically diverse area and we wanted to make sure we captured all those different diversities within our working groups and so we worked in those groups and they were very collaborative. They were very... you know, we gave a brief introduction to the landscape of Hawaii energy law and energy policy which takes years to understand but we wanted everybody to not feel like they didn't have the information that maybe other people did so that was really important to empower them with at least a basic understanding of energy law or energy policy here and then we had small groups small working groups and we just talked things out what are your priorities? Is it money? Is it environmentalism? Is it security? All these different issues we tried to get out on the table and then come forward with some kind of consensus and then what we were able to do was report those findings to the public utilities commission. Oh, excellent. That's really interesting and I would like to come back to that and hear more about it. I also want to ask Arash since we're talking about community planning for climate adaptation and resilience and you mentioned that blackouts are also a part of that so how do energy issues if at all fit into the work that you're doing Arash and I know that there's other work that we act for environmental justice does on this topic too. Energy is a critical part of our planning process it's something that New York is focusing a lot on as many of you are aware after Hurricane Sandy happened over 20% of New York was actually without power and that created more of a crisis for many people than the actual storm did so for people who didn't who weren't impacted by the flooding they still had a really hard time readjusting afterwards because they didn't have access to power and this also occurred at a more frequent rate in places where there's a lot of public housing in places where there's a lot of old infrastructure and older housing and that includes a lot of affordable housing so that was something that happened after Sandy and that was a big wake up call for people and so New York has focused a lot on energy as a result of that and a lot of the resources which is over a billion dollars that was going to be put back into redeveloping infrastructure that was damaged by Sandy is now going to renewable energy distributed renewable energy sources and something that we are working on developing within Northern Manhattan it's important for that reason but equally important are the economic reasons that are associated with our energy infrastructure it's a multi-billion dollar industry it's maybe a trillion dollar industry globally speaking it's something that can provide educational opportunities it's something that can provide job opportunities and it's something that can provide cost savings which are very important for people in the city and it's good to be here with you because I think that Hawaii has the most expensive energy in the country and New York is right up there with it it's second or something like that as you know many people experience something called energy poverty and they either don't have access to reliable energy or they're paying too much for the energy that they get access to they're paying a higher percentage of their income for energy than other people are and so for us you know we want to not only get off of fossil fuels so we can reduce carbon emissions and mitigate global warming but we want to make sure that everybody's included in that transition and that's what you hear referred to as the just transition it's not good enough just to transition to renewable energy you have to do it in a way that helps build a new economy that helps reduce inequality and that's really the kind of environment and the kind of society that we want so that's something that we're working on and we're doing that primarily through something called community shared solar and community shared solar allows the development of rooftop solar which in New York New York City has buildings everywhere there's not a lot of open spaces so we need a lot of rooftop solar a solar could generate a good percentage 15, 20%, something like that of the power consumed by New York City so it could be a reliable source and community shared solar allows for anyone in the city to subscribe to a solar panel or a set of solar panels with community rooftop within the region and so that would get a lot of people access to solar who don't have access to their own rooftop and that's something that we're doing it's actually that's fantastic that you mentioned that we actually on the last power up Hawaii well the week before last we had Jorge Madrid from the environmental fence talking about community solar as it's happening in California and I'm really glad that you mentioned it because I think that next to California Hawaii and New York are New York probably a bit out ahead in terms of we're here we're just still developing some of the tariffs but are working on that issue and I'm also very glad Arash that you brought up the high energy prices both here and in New York which really creates an economic imperative for energy justice and reducing energy costs let me go back let me go back to you Sean and if you could talk a little bit more what it's like actually gathering the information from the community and what happens then and how do you make that link to policy makers or the intended audience or stakeholders and who are those intended audiences I think that was a particular challenge for us getting the information and gathering people was not easy but generally people were engaged with this information and we were happy with the turnout of our events and the level of awareness and energy that people brought to the table and I think just for people who may be watching outside of Hawaii we were engaged in this very intense takeover buyout or merger of our utility which ended up not succeeding but that allowed a real heavy spotlight on energy I think that maybe hadn't been there before so we were happy with the engagement and of course we knew that our information would only be as effective as the people we could get it to like you said, who are the stakeholders and we definitely were most focused on the PUC at that point, the Public Utilities Commission because they were making this decision getting impact from the people directly into the process that the decision making process that was happening I think we felt like they're asking for community input but not everybody's going to write testimony so if a citizen may contribute in this process we were trying to come to them a little bit more than them having to come to the table which is a lot to ask for do you feel like you had an impact did you feel like you were heard and what type of feedback did you get through that process do you think you mentioned in decisions the commission made were the press conferences I don't think we got any shout outs in the you know or anything but I do think there were stakeholders outside the PUC who did tell us that they think our work was important and did again I think it was this idea of getting everybody on an even playing field because I think O'Rosh talked about a just transition and I think that's really the key here in Hawaii because we have this 100% mandate we know we got to get there and we probably will get there but it's that pathway and we could take many pathways that allow a same kind of economic system and the same few people to benefit from that system or we can choose a different path as we head towards renewables and I think that's still being worked out in here in Hawaii I think there's a lot of people who are pushing that way but where we're not nearly where I think New York is California in terms of making sure that those community groups are at the table and do have an impact and so I think this was one step in that process and I think we were happy with that first initial step but there's a lot more work to go it sounds like a new clinic was opportunistic in seeking opportunities to have an impact let me ask you O'Rosh a similar question what's it like when you know how do you and I know that you've got a lot of experience with community based action tools so how do you get this information from the community and then how do you figure it out to get it to the stakeholders and who are the stakeholders who need to get it yeah that's a good really good question and I think it's something that everybody needs to be asking themselves who are doing community work because it's different everywhere and it's really important to have a process that is inclusive of everyone for us it means having people that are a part of our organization who are from the community first and foremost you want to make sure that you're engaging people that are representative or not just representative but can speak directly to the issues going on and you have a thorough extensive engagement with them they're part of a process where there can be educational opportunities for everyone where there's a lot of open discussions that occur and facilitated discussions that occur where you're working in collaboration with a really diverse group of people to help answer questions but to also know that the community is always the expert in terms of the issues are most important for them and what the biggest issues are and how to go about them so you know there's some basic things that we need to acknowledge especially when working with underprivileged communities that's where our focus is and these are places that don't have a lot of resources in certain respects they're very wealthy in terms of their social capital in terms of their knowledge but they lack their resources or the political influence necessary to make certain changes and that has to be taken into account when you're engaging with certain communities first you have to undertake a process of political let me ask you not to interrupt you but I wanted to you talked about how of course working with communities is very local getting community representation is local yet also you need that interconnectedness and that sort of building the power of political movements and it's a bit off topic and we have about five minutes left but I'd like to ask both of you about the Dakota Access Pipeline issue with such an incredibly high high visibility issue now and it really is about environmental justice groups indigenous justice groups coming to the fore and it seems like more people are coming to join to work together with those groups than ever before so I wanted to ask you Arash and then also you Sean on your thoughts and experiences in terms of what is going on here with folks coming together on this issue and what does it mean for in your case environmental justice and climate justice comment and then kick it over to Sean but I'm happy that you asked that because I think it's very critical that we understand our shared struggle this is a shared struggle and when you research what's actually going on with these projects you see that there's a pattern that exists many of the same public institutions many of the same private institutions whether they're banks or fossil fuel companies or what have you are responsible for a lot of the extraction of fossil fuels and a lot of the pollution that exists and I think we have to be united in order to address these issues if we're not united it's very easy to divide people especially if they lack resources and if you divide people then you can do anything you want and nobody will hold you accountable so I think we have to be united to hold these people accountable Thank you so much and Sean is this something that students here and others in your experience have been following and have been impassioned about as well Yeah I think I certainly was following it and looking to it as you kind of have these moments where you feel like you know as the attention is brought to it we saw this with Occupy Wall Street and I think we're seeing this here today we saw this with the telescope resistance protectors as they called it and I think there is a shared feeling that indigenous people and possibly disadvantaged people in other ways are going through the same thing no matter where you live on the planet and so I think climate has been a uniter in that way and I think Hawaii people are recognizing that there's no reason we shouldn't be there at the table Well thank you for that I think that's incredibly interesting and there are so many ways even though we're so far away I think there are so many ways that places like New York and places like Hawaii really share share a lot of progress and share are really asking I guess similar questions so thank you both for asking that so I think that will now lead me to say thank you very much Sean Thank you for having me You're very welcome and thank you so much Arash for joining us from New York City and that brings an end to another edition of Power of Hawaii Thank you so much Mahalo


Hi everyone, Joe for Jaspy's casebreaks.com coming at you with 2021 TOX Chrome Baseball Platinum Anniversary Edition. 12 box picker team number one and all card ship. Yeah, a lot of cool stuff I think. A lot of 1952 looking cards here, that looks pretty cool. 700 card base set featuring players from throughout 70 years of TOX Baseball. A lot of parallels, Chrome Auto Eastbox has one autograph, so we're looking for 12 autographs in here on average, as they like to say. So big thanks everybody here for making this happen, excuse me. Here on Wednesday the 29th, brand new release, Hump Day, Eric ended up with last bond Mojo before we pulled the teams with the fillers, so if you see a rooftop next to your name, that means you won that team in a filler. If you have two rooftops next to your name, like Adam, Adam won the extra spot in the filler, then won the Padres because of that extra spot. So good parlay there, Adam. And everyone else, thank you very much, appreciate everybody making this happen on brand new release day. All right, so let's see what we got. Rex said he saw a box break of this a little bit ago, they're nice looking cards. Good. 1952 design is a classic. I wonder if this is, this is probably the only year they're doing this, right? They're not going to do one next year, so it will be interesting to see what we got here. Good luck everyone. Eddie Alvarez of the Dodgers, some of you may or may not know that he was an Olympian. An Olympic speed skater won the silver medal for us, for the United States in Sochi I believe back in 2014. Oh, you know what, I was watching this game, I don't need the highlights, let's flip over to the White Sox at Angels game. I have some financial interest in the White Sox, at the top of the sixth, they're down to nothing. Well, Otani's still on the mound, he's had 105 pitches, I'm hoping that the Angels bullpen messes this up. Let's go Angels bullpen, do what you like to do. Although I do have Otani on my fantasy team, so I don't know what I, yeah, I want, that's what I want. I want Otani, I don't necessarily need Ws in my fantasy league, but I like, I like the start that Otani's making here, 5.1 innings, there's one out in the sixth, no earn runs, one walk, 10 Ks, I like that. So I want him to go through six, and then I need the Angels bullpen to blow it in the seventh, or eighth, and or ninth inning, top of the seventh, eighth, and ninth. Currently Gavin Sheets is up to bat, we've got a man on first, I don't know who's on first, what's on second, ooh, got the strikeout, 11 strikeouts. Angels are in their city connectors, he's by Nike, which I have to admit, look kind of cool. Alright, there's Eddie Alvarez, we're just talking, he's on the Dodgers now, but he was a, yeah, Silver medal winning speed skater, that'll go to the Marlin, that's for Aaron. Alright, so these of course are facsimile autographs, as we noticed back in, as we know from back in the day. Here's Al Lopez, not number, but a cool wave parallel here, there's the Dustin May Refractor, and we've got a Willie McCovey, Sparkle, Speckle card, 70 out of 70. For the Giants that will be four Adam, and that's what the real autographs look like, they'll be in blue ink, Rubin Sierra, remember Rubin Sierra, 34 out of 150, that's pretty sharp, I like the color of the parallel with the 1952 design, that's how you know that design is a classic where it still looks good in 2022, I dig it, I like it, Rangers, Lonnie with the Rangers, and we've got to 25, Robinson Cano Orange, that looks really cool, now Logan does not remember Rubin Sierra, that's Adam with the Met, gets the Cano to 25, Johnson Stiver, checkerboard, not numbered, but all card chip, alright, first box in the books, nice start, next box, alright so all games are a final except for this White Sox Angels game ladies and gentlemen, welcome to any White Sox fans who might be listening, we'll keep you company throughout this game, I think this might be the free game on MLB.TV, if you want to watch along with us, final scores, Dodgers beat the Rockies 8-4, got the game in before the rain started really coming down, Cubs beat the Reds 8-3, Marlins edged out the Cardinals 4-3, Guardians winning an Extras, walked it off against the Twin 7-6, Red Sox also an Extras, but this time the Red Sox on the road, beat the Blue Jays 6-5, Blue Jays were not able to walk it off, for Dugo lifting the Red Sox and Extras with a two run double, Josh Naylor got the walk off for the Guardians, obviously Garcia had to clutch you on a homer for the Marlins in their victory and Christopher Morel crushes the homer on a full count, so he's got a homer on the day, I think I had him on the bench, I could have used that homerun. Phillies fell to the Braves, Atlanta won 4-1, Duvall unloaded a 402 moon shot to the moon to extend the Braves' lead, Rodriguez, Julio Rodriguez crushed a homer to extend the Mariners' lead, they beat the Orioles 9-3, ESPN does not have a little highlight video, I guess nothing happened in the Tigers' Giants game, Tigers beat the Giants 3-2, must be in a boring one, Padres shut out the Diamondbacks 4-0, Padres snap a 3 game slide, a little small ball, Diamondbacks only managing 3 hits, Royals beat the Rangers 2-1, Kyle Isbell hitting a solo shot, putting the Royals ahead, must have been a boring day in New York, Mets were 2 hit, Astros beat the Mets 2-0, no video thumbnail on ESPN, yeah that's right Angels bullpen, White Talks have men on 1st and 3rd now, and there's the autograph, Leody Tavares rookie autograph for the Rangers, Nestor with Texas, the EZE favorite team was the White Sox, EZE the musician, Pirates beat the Nationals 8-7, Josh Hader, Blue Wave for the Brew Crew, we got the one auto, let's hope we can find some more parallels, there's the refractor, the refractors by the way are not numbered, but everything ships, this is numbered 182-199, Tyler Glass now Blue Speckle, oh is that right and straight out of Compton he wears the White Sox hat, the logo is not even out back then, ahead of his time, maybe that was just some sharp marketing, there's GT Real Muto, maybe someone on the marketing team was like we'll slip some of these hats to EZE, he'll wear them out, they'll make them look cool, there's Roberto Alomar 80 out of 99, it's for the Blue Jays that will be for Adam, Aaron Judge 29th home run today, Yankees beat the A's 5-3, Brewers beat the Rays 5-3 as well and we're only live game on in America is Angels at White Sox, White Sox at Angels that is, Abyssal Garcia up to bat with two outs, got runners on first and third in the top of the sixth, Joe has some financial interest in the White Sox, which is why you care so much about this game, keeps it interesting, makes me watch the games, I mean I'd probably watch it anyway but you know, little extra juice, little extra reading interest, these packs open up real smooth, this feels like pre-pandemic manufacturing here, I like it, I guess they got the supply chain sorted out for this release here, the pack, the thickness of the pack itself feels nice, not too thin, not too thick, the adhesive is applied perfectly, ground out, damn, this pack opened up real smooth, real nice, Corey Sears old dodges edition here, it moves the void, Daryl Strawberry the straw man for the Mets and 25 out of 99, there he is again, Daryl Strawberry that's for Adam and the Metropolitan's, I think the sort of, what they call it, the step and repeat in the background is like the 70th top's logo looks like, looking for blue ink, these are all facsimile autographs, 27 out of 199, John Cruck, blue sparkle, I can imagine some kid opening this up and thinking that every card is an autograph, they're going to learn that they're facsimile autographs, and those are some classic angels uniforms there, there it is, Ken Griffey, senior, red legs, that's going to go to Rick T and Cincinnati, and I'll do an autograph recap at the end along with any other sort of lower numbered cards like 25 and under, we'll highlight those as well, alright next box, Ohtani up to bat, oh did Ohtani strain something, why are you pounding on your lower back Ohtani, don't do that, nice little slider, fouled it off and it's a big hack yeah, there's Michael Kopeck he's on the mound right now trying to get Cho Ohtani out, two and two, and he fouled it off, and Paul O'Neill, nice Paul O'Neill autograph for the Yankees, Adam Cupperman got the Yankees straight up, the pitch Kopeck strikes out Ohtani, and the nice pitch was just like a middle middle heater, 95 miles per hour, it's Castillo, where does Luis Castillo end up, I think he's definitely, definitely he's on the trading, I think people are speculating he's on the trading block, it's Wade Boggs 156 out of 199, blue speckle for Boston, John, that's right Rebel, even with a pulled muscle Ohtani will muscle through it, it's Walsh, the single, it's kind of cool seeing the babe in the shot right here, all-card chip, it's Jared Weaver, and this is a really fun set, it's pretty off-center right here, it's a pretty fun set here, I'm digging it, was there a 2020 version of this product, no, because in 2020 it was not their platinum anniversary, so this might be the only year they do, I mean unless they find a platinum anniversary for a different set, I guess next year would be the 1953 top baseball platinum anniversary, so maybe they'll keep going with it, but Luis Rangipa with a two-run shot, come on Michael Kopeck, now they're up for nothing, Michael Kopeck doesn't care that I have financial interest in his team winning, come on Mike, thought we were buddies, it's not like I don't even have Rangipa on my fantasy team, although Walsh gets a run scored, I'll take it, I think Michael Kopeck got Ohtani out, he was like I got this, I'm gonna cruise to the rest of the inning, and just gave, what is that, the hanging, little hanging slider right over the middle, and that's it for him, so far so good Rex, Paul O'Neill, Ken Griffey Sr, Leody Tavares, Kano Orange, and Arubin Sierra to start things on, many more to go, and we've got Julio Franco, remember Julio Franco, this is Guardians of Digital, Indians back in the day, Cleveland, this is for you, goes to Adam, he had a pretty distinctive, I feel like he had a pretty distinctive batting stance, if I'm not mistaken, this product reminds me of Crosby and Heritage, Chrome and Archives, you know what this product reminds me of Rex? 1952 Tops, that's what it reminds me of, 71 out of 100, MoVon, Atomic, Red Sox, that's gonna be for John, and we got it, is that our second autograph of the box? It was Julio Franco first, and Nick Madrigal, gold auto for the White Sox, and that's for K Sean Chang, I think I saw him earlier with the White Sox, 28 out of 50, and David Fletcher for the Halos, and Kopeck was cruising in this game too, Nick Madrigal in this game, we just got his auto, no Nick Madrigal, that's White Sox edition, but Nick Madrigal is a cub now, that's right, how did Nick Madrigal do today with the cubbies, let's find out, he was not in the lineup today, all right, next box, it's always a fun time to check the rookie of the year odds, in the AL, your 2022 AL rookie of the year favorite, Julio Rodriguez, a big favorite actually, minus 130, which is a lot for these futures odds in my opinion, Jeremy Pena is plus 400, Bobby Wood Jr. plus 550, and then it jumps up to Joe Ryan plus 2500, that's 25 to one, so looks like according to Vegas, they're liking Julio Rodriguez a lot, and maybe Jeremy Pena, Bobby Wood Jr., might have an outside chance, in the NL, according to sportsbettingdime.com, I think they're using MGM odds, the favorite to win the NL rookie of the year, that's a little more murky here, Mackenzie Gore is plus 450, Michael Harris is plus 450, O'Neill Cruz is plus 450, Nolan Gorman plus 480, and then it jumps to 10 to 1s, Spencer Strider, say a Suzuki 15 to 1, Sawinsky 15 to 1, Alec Thomas 20 to 1, etc. etc. Oh Rex, we got Christopher Morel finally on this list, Christopher Morel, they're 35 to 1, plus 3500, I think the other week when we looked at this very same list, he was not yet on there, there's Mookie Betts, 65 out of 199, Luke Voigt, blue sparkle, speckle for Adam and the Yankees, anyone have any thoughts on rookies of the year, who's gonna win it, looks like the AL is all about set for now at this moment anyway, don't we have a, oh I was gonna say don't we have a Lonnie Smith in this break, I think we have a Nick Smith and a Lonnie Cornett, and 37 out of 70, Ken Giles for Seattle, that'll be for Aaron, we not, I don't think we saw an autograph in here, I guess I guess that, we had that extra auto, all right next box, we're halfway through this full K-Spray, about the 30 minute marks we got about another 30 or so to go, you feel like I'm dragging a little bit here though towards the end of this end of my evening, yeah O'Neill crew did indeed his first home run recently, yeah it looks like there's no clear-cut favorite in the NL, so it really does seem like Julio Rodriguez is running away with it in the AL, but no clear cut favorite in the NL, so yeah I mean there could be some value value in Seiya Suzuki at 15 to 1 Rex, you know I don't think there's too much value in like, it's hard for me, I feel like NL Rookie of the Year Leans is like an offensive award essentially, right? The pitchers in the last 10 years to win Rookie of the Year, Jose Fernandez, RIP in 2013, Jacob DeGrom in 2014, and that's it, oh and then Devin Williams won in 2020, that's it, three pitchers have won in the last 10 years, so my guess is that it's gonna be an offensive player, right? So is there any value in Michael Harris, O'Neill Cruz, Nolan Gorman? Sure, but I don't play futures too often, I'm too impatient for futures, but you know, I do look for value, so if you're looking for value you got to try to see guys in the you know the 10 to 1 range if not higher, so maybe that Spencer Strider, Seiya Suzuki, Sawinsky, Alec Thomas, people love the long ball, right? Jack Sawinsky has been has been popping a lot of homers, that's not a bad pick at plus 1500, 15 to 1, you know, let me put 5 or 10 bucks on that, you know, what about then maybe at like 60 to 1 does that get too much? I feel like that gets to be a little too much right here, 60 to 1, Contreras, CJ Abrams, Hunter Green, Libertor, Gonzalez, Stott, Meyer, Cabrera, Lidolo, Christopher Morel actually could be an interesting flyer at plus 3500, you know, you're not putting a lot down on that, but it could be interesting depending on whatever your budget is, and for the Royals, Chris Bubic, speaking of the Royals, Rebels like I don't understand how J-Rot is so far, he's almost identical stats as Bobby with Junior, but Bobby Junior has four less games and 11 played appearances, has 12 more hits, that's Dan with the Royals, there's Daniel Murphy to 199 for the Rockies, that's gonna go to Nester, there isn't a stat but I'm sure we can look it up, unlike the MVP award, I feel like the rookie of the award is not tied to a playoff appearance as much as MVP would be, or even Cy Young to a certain extent. 75, Josh Redick, there's a little gold schmutz right there, but that's for Aaron and the Strohs, might be able to clean that up a little bit, it's Will Smith, he's been hitting real well, real will well, come on White Sox, let's see Rebel, I'm looking up these guys right now, so Julio has two points, his war is 2-9 for some reason, and Bobby with Junior's wins above replacement is only 1, but Julio has 78 hits, Bobby with a 66 hits, Witt has 11 home runs, Julio has 11 home runs, and Julio Rodriguez is batting 2-76, about 30 points higher than Bobby Witt, they're both some speedy guys too, RBI numbers are pretty similar, trying to look at defensively maybe, is someone, is one of these guys leaning more defensively better than the other, I think Julio Rodriguez is, I mean he's an outfielder, but his fielding percentage is slightly better, but the according to baseball reference, their wins above replacement is considerably different, so there must be some underlying metric here somewhere, maybe maybe that average, that's making something different there, and with Vegas odds, it's not always a perfect comparison to the stats as well, there just may be more public money going into Julio Rodriguez, right, so like maybe maybe more public betters are putting a dumping a lot of money to Julio Rodriguez, and driving the price down into favorite range, so Vegas a lot like the, you know, maybe similar to stocks, it's like maybe they're they're gonna take the other, they want to lower those odds, so their their exposure to Julio Rodriguez payouts are a lot lower, so that might be something that they're doing, but that war number is pretty different, it's almost, Julio Rodriguez, according to baseball reference, his war is almost one full point higher than Bobby Whit Jr.'s this season, I, you know, I'm with you, I wouldn't think that just 12 hits and maybe a 30 point batting average difference would make that much of a, I mean he's stolen of seven more bases I think, six or seven more bases, so maybe all those little things maybe maybe add up to that kind of, that kind of difference, otherwise I mean if we had a little more time I dive into it a little bit more, but I'm just I'm just kind of doing this at a glance, right yeah I mean Rebels pointing out that hey Bobby Whit Jr. has played some very good defense, some blunders but nothing major, and right, his fielding percentage as a shortstop, you know, it's you know the degree of difficulty is much higher, 87 out of 199 Tommy Edmond, everyone here about Steve Sax's son, very sad story, Steve Sax's son is a, is a Marine, I think he, he's not, his son is not young either, he's kind of an older maybe, I don't know what his rank was, but son passed away in a training exercise, helicopter crash a couple weeks ago, Steve Rogers 128 out of 199, Expo, Expo stuff goes to the nationals, that'll be for Lonnie, Yuma right, Jope, yeah, sad story, not a helicopter crash, wasn't it, isn't it that weird, that weird plane slash helicopter where the, where the things rotate up and down, I forget what that's called, an osprey, a raptor, the propellers, they can go land up vertically, but then once it's in the sky, they can, it switches to a front going, front going, I know what it is, I don't have the terms, I don't have the vocabulary for it, but yeah, goes front ways and apparently those things have a sort of rough sort of maintenance record, I want to say, so, bummer, he wasn't a young kid either, he's a captain, he's 33 years old, so I mean he's been doing this for a while, yeah, all over local news here in Los Angeles, Steve Sacks is a pretty popular, still is a popular player here, especially amongst the old school guys in LA, yeah, John J. Sacks, Captain John J. Sacks, RIP, I think they were probably flying out of, out of Camp Pendleton, right? And then Yuma's right on the California, Arizona border, if you take the 8th freeway, is it, Joe? You take the 8th straight out there, it'll hit Yuma right on the border, so, large stretch of desert there, nothing really going on out there. Once you're past El Cajon in East County, San Diego, it's a lonely stretch of road, it's fun to speed down that highway. The 15th freeway on the way from LA to Vegas used to be really lonely, but since it's on the way to Vegas over the years, over the years, they've, like, little small towns and rest stops and convenient stores have grown over there, so there's a lot of places to stop. That 8th freeway out of San Diego through to Arizona, that is real desolate, still is. Oh, is there another incident in Yuma? Yeah, the Steve Sacks' son, when I thought it was close to Arizona as well, but maybe not. There's another one, yeah, Glamis, California, isn't that close to Arizona? Somewhere in the desert out there, the Camp Pendleton is right North County, San Diego, so there's a lot of, a lot of activity happening there. Hey, remember Justin Morneau? Big first baseman for the twins, that's gonna go to Adam with Minnesota, crushing weekends, yeah, it's a brutal drive from San Diego all the way to Tucson, and that's a lot of, that's a lot of, keep the window open, blast the music, you know, kind of road just to try to stay awake if you're doing that solo. Out of 100, Trent Grisham cracked ice, no, atomic, tops, we'll call this atomic. This is for Padres, this is for Adam, AK, Ronald Acuna Jr., and another parallel, that's Max Scherzer, National's edition for Lonnie. Exactly, weekends, yeah, people don't realize, once you're out of LA, Orange County, San Diego, a lot of desert for miles and miles and miles, or that drive up the Central Valley, the San Joaquin Valley, just long stretches of farmland for as far as the eye can see. Gosh, those accents were a day apart, Joe, that's terrible, but the four, the Yuma crash survived, all right, that's good. Yeah, I've never actually been at Camp Pendleton, but they do have a, I don't know if they still do it, they do have the Camp Pendleton mud run, which I've always wanted to do, but never have, it's through parts of like the big obstacle course that they have for a basic over there, you get to run through a bunch of mud, it's like a 10k, and apparently it's really fun, but I've yet to do that. I have seen, I went to school in San Diego, so I know that area pretty well, I went up, driving up and down from San Diego to LA, I've seen like helicopter training exercises on the beach, which is cool, one time they have, I'm blanking on what they're called, someone will tell me what it is, but like a hovercraft, I think they have a hovercraft unit station there, and I've seen some of those in action, just driving up and down the coast, those are awesome, I want to drive one of those, Diego's, yeah, I've done that Death Valley drive, a Death Valley drive is pretty sparse, what happens a lot in Camel in accidents, that's the risk, that's the risk of the job, they're more brave than I am, I think those hovercrafts there though, I think are just, I don't know if they're actually in, I don't know if they actually are like attack hovercraft, I think they like just transport stuff around, they might have a gun on there, but they must have some attack hovercrafts, right, in my head I'm envisioning some sort of some sort of crazy GI Joe type military transport device that shoots off a bunch of missiles and stuff, Spencer Howard, Arnie Banks, yeah Joe P, but it's a dry heat though, in Death Valley, 122 but a dry heat, I can manage a dry heat, Wilson Contreras, Atomic for the Cubs, that'll be for Lonnie, Vegas can touch 120s, I've been in Vegas when it's touched 120, it's a dry heat, and there's Bucky Dent, remember old Bucky Dent, yeah the Humid, now Diego's in San Antonio right now, he's like this humidity ain't no joke, humidity that, I can't do that, that is, this is for Adam, picked up the Yankee straight up, yeah, humidity I just can't do, that's, I've tried it, different places, different times, not my thing, Tucker Davidson, Orange Wave, Chris Parent and the Braves, that Orange Wave looks really, looks really sharp, yeah Indiana humidity, can't do that, that Midwest humidity, yeah it's probably because we're used to it, right, Joe P and Diego are in Arizona, Diego's in San Antonio right now, but I grew up in Southern California, that's really more of a desert climate, San Diego, I guess more of a Mediterranean kind of climate, I think if you follow the, whatever the longitude or latitude around the world, but I went to, remember years ago, after the National in Chicago, I took a little quick little trip out to the Field of Dreams, just to check it out, and that was in what, late July or early August, and I knew it was gonna be warm, I guess, haven't spent too much time in the Midwest, I guess I just didn't realize what the humidity was gonna be like, and so now I'm in a, in a, standing in a baseball field, in the middle of a cornfield, in the flatlands of the Midwest, Great Plains, and I'm a, and it wasn't temperature wise, I don't think it was very hot, I think it was like 80 something, but the humidity was a real deal, I was just like, drenched, alright second to last box gang, almost there, stay on target, Joe P or anyone in hot climates, has anyone cooked an egg on a, on a sidewalk, or on the hood of a car, there's Mike Rousseau, speckled to 75, almost like a peach, champagne speckled there, something like that, they have a name for it, Ray's, that'll be for Lonnie, and Dave Parker, I think part of the, part of the old, late 70s, that popular pirates organization, Mark Miller with Pittsburgh, six out of 70, Joe P has cooked an egg on a sidewalk, or maybe a, the hood of a car, rebel did too, when he was in Arizona, 24 out of 199, Mark Tashara, Yankees edition, well Logan's saying, you can bake cookies on a dash, dashboard, has anyone monetized that, car cookies, baked fresh in, in my car, wow, your car smells delicious, what, what air freshener are you using, no, that's, I'm just baking cookies, that's all, that's yeah, five minutes, I mean you kind of have to, in the heat, I feel like you just have to leave the door open for like, five minutes, roll all the windows down, try to get some sort of air circulation in there, Logan says a mailman in Arizona cooked a steak on the dash of his mail truck on YouTube, is that allowed, is that where my taxpayer dollars are going for someone to cook a, cook a steak in a mail truck, I'm a hard-working American citizen, we got guys cooking steaks, mail trucks, yeah you got to crack the windows open a little bit when you park, try to get some kind of circulation going, ah that's a good call, if your car has remote start, J-Dog is saying, you can set it, set the AC, yeah I guess fancy cars now, J-Dog has a fancy car, but yeah, I'll bet that technology is really helpful, wait you guys don't have AC in your mail trucks, why, why aren't my tax dollars going into, into AC for the mail, right Diego can't afford remote start, spend all his money on trespasses, there are worse things my tax, this is true, this is true, this goes, Joe P's pockets, thanks Diego, appreciate, appreciate the help, you're welcome Joe P, just know that every dollar I make here Joe P, a little bit part of that goes to Logan and to Joe P and anyone employed by our federal government, you're welcome, we're just, we're just helping the economy, that's all, and then you join our group breaks, there's Matt Olson is our final autograph, I think Diego's a schoolteacher, right, 123 out of 150, there's, there's federal funding that goes to school, so the money you put into me Diego, sure some, you know the money I make, portion of it ends up back to you at some point, you know, and as a, as a regular voter, you know, I'm always, I'm always supporting the teachers, so there you go, see, beautiful, this is how it should be, this is a small example of how, how easy things could be, there's Max Freed, goes to the kids, right Diego, and without the kids, there'd be no teachers, so it kind of goes to you two, four out of ten Max Freed, Max fry, fried, fried egg on a dashboard, going to Chris Parency, it all comes full circle, Max Freed, Max fried, fried egg, 27 out of 199, Kike Hernandez, I miss Kike, he's on a one-year deal, maybe we'll come back to the doctor, Red Sox, John, with that one, good utility guy, and what else, I think we'll find a parallel here, there's Mitch White, there's Matthew Boyd, there's Dave Stewart, there's Alfonso Soriano, I think the last guy that got close to, the closest to a 50-50 season, I don't know if that's gonna happen, Eddie Alvarez, he's with the Dodgers now, he was a speed skater, one silver for us in 2014, 5,000 meter relay, we looked it up earlier on the Wikipedia, and Gio Urcella, Yankees Edition, closes things out, there you go boys and girls, that was actually pretty fun, 22, I didn't know what to expect, dealing with the platinum anniversary release, a brand new release, but 2021, Tom Cron Baseball Platinum Anniversary, this was Pick Your Team 1, we got more in the store, check it out, I like the parallels are pretty nice, the 1952 design is also really sharp, some nice old-school autographs, rookie autographs, vet autographs, retired player autographs, some fun parallels here too, nice clean stuff here, so get into it, I don't think it's, I'll have to check, I want to say the price point, the entry point for this relative to other products, aren't super expensive as well, so it's kind of a fun break to get into, an all-card ship, so all these beautiful 1952 design cards will be going your way as well, anything else I need to do here, no randomizer at the end, great, I'm Joe for jaskiescasebrakes.com, I'll see you in the next video, bye-bye.


Worried by the nation's rising public debt profile, Nigerians and economists declared the poor application of the loans collected by the federal government and the burden that the debt of about 77 trillion naira will have on the incoming administration. Marci Samohoa-Bonhoa, OFR founder and former CEO of NIMED Pharmaceutical, 2023 presidential aspirant and economist joins us this morning to assess Nigeria's burden on the citizens. We're also looking at the impact of technology in agriculture. Is it a blessing or is it a curse? We'll look at the issues of industrialized farming, slaughterhouses and a whole lot more and the impact of technology on a Greek on the show today. We'll also be taking a look at some of the headlines on some national dailies with our analysts joining us on off the press to look at these headlines. Good morning and welcome to the Tuesday edition of The Breakfast. It is a techno-file edition and I am Maureen. I'm Justin, thank you for joining us today. The theme of today's programme is Technology Causing in Human Treatment of Animals to Feed Us. Industrialized farming is a thing today and also slaughterhouses is a thing. Greenhouse emission is a thing. How do we use technology to boost... ...to actually better our lives and that would actually affect the ecosystem that we are supposed to even be protecting in the first place? Exactly. So we need to strike a balance. Yes, a very good balance. That is just the thing. All right, well top trending today. Number one is resident doctors to begin five day warning strike on Wednesday. That is something that it's just up in the air. Mixed feelings really because on one hand you feel for these doctors. They have gone through so much to become doctors. They are lifesavers. Yet they are not getting enough for the job that they do. Yes, it's actually very sad. It's also coming on the heels of this proposed law. They want to slam on doctors if I have to use that word. You know, asking them to walk for at least five years before they can actually seek greener pastures and all that. And the doctors are actually kicking against it and they are proposing to go and strike from tomorrow morning. You know what happens when doctors go and strike.  How many people can afford to go to private hospitals in this country? That's the question. Inflation has increased. By the day. By the day. And then the sad thing is that, you know, those in government who should have fixed the hospitals, who should have paid these doctors the kind of wages that they deserve are going outside of this country for the smallest of infections and things like that. And so you are not fixing the home front. You're going out there to get what you should have gotten home. Are you fixed home? And so it is the poor man that's suffering all of this. Yes, it is. The masses. Like you said, the average Nigerian cannot actually get the specialised treatment that they would require at specialist hospitals or in private hospitals. So at the end of the day, they are rushing to the primary health care centres. They're going to the secondary ones and of course, and the tertiary ones owned by government because most of the times you find that it is actually subsidised because we've been talking about health insurance in Nigeria, but you will agree with me that the average Nigerian pays for his health expenses out of his pockets. Of course. And it is really, really sad when that should not even be the case. You know, the issue of the, when you talk of health insurance, you should be able to take care of the bulk of the issues of your health. You know, you should, you're supposed to just go to sleep knowing that there is some sort of protection for you. But it is not the case.  Even the same government hospital issue, you know, you will have to, you know, the stress of getting a car. The way they treat people in some of these government hospitals is not in short of appalling and then all that. And then if you go to the private hospitals, just buying the cardiolone, just buying cardiolone, you've already spent a whole chunk of the money that you do not have. Talk about the Nigerian that's receiving the minimum wage of 30,000 naira. For instance, let me just get an instance for an eye care that I had to go to sometime last year. I think together card was about 7,500 to get the card. And if I have to, you have to see a consultant, I have to pay consultants a fee of about 15,000 naira.  And then administer whatever you need to. Imagine, it's just, a lot has got to be done. The incoming government has a lot. He has his work cut out for him. And we just want to see things change. We have to. And the Minister of Labor is in the news. He's saying that the same proposed law is illegal because he was questioned. There was an extraordinary federal executive council meeting yesterday and State House correspondent asked him because they wanted to find out what his plan was concerning Dr. Streck from tomorrow. He said that that law would not see the light of day because it is actually going to be an illegality in the first place. So we just hope that this can be sorted out because we shouldn't be toying with our healthcare provision for Nigerians because if our doctors go on strike, like Maureen said, the patients would die and ordinary people would not be able to be productive. So it has like a rippling effect on the economy and we don't want to see doctors because over time Maureen, the NARD, that's the National Association of Resident Doctors, they go on strike. At the end of the day, you go to the hospitals and no consultants would see you because they tell you that doctors are not working and you see mothers begging, nurses and other medical experts to just check on their children. Yeah, and they strike one time too many. But another thing is this administration just has a few days to go. Of what import will this particular strike have? Some have suggested that they should hold on for the next incoming government to come in. Is there any better time too? Because fine, they can't do anything in 13 days but they just want to press their demands home. They want to make their demands known and so if the incoming administration sets out to work in 13 days, they will be aware that their issues are ungranted. They will not just like... This is not the first, not the second time. The issues are up there, they've been up there. I mean we've been talking about this in the past couple of weeks now. Their strike, the warning strikes, even the exclusion of some of them, the nurses, from the 40%... So a lot of things are out there regarding the health sector. So any incoming government would not say that he or she is ignorant. Can't be ignorant. If you're ignorant of what the health sector has been going through and is going through, then you're not even qualified to go in there in the first place. Because you should know what the issues are. The issues are the pains that people go through. We'll talk about biting inflation. You're increasing size by 40%. And inflation, food inflation is about 85%. At the end of the day, so there's still a gap. There is. Although that 40%, 40% is there to be a one-off thing, a one-off benefit. Some of all those technicalities. Well, let's talk about Hilda Basi who has come for 100 hours. So passing the current record by letter, Tandon and Indian. Let me even ask you, how long can you stand to cook? As in... You could just bake it and I would do it. Would you be able to stand all through making the... I can't even cook throughout the day. I love to cook. I'm a foodie. I love food. But to stand for four days cooking is not something I can boost up. This is no main feat that Hilda has achieved. Well, Guinness Records has acknowledged it. They've acknowledged it and they're waiting to review the evidence to then confirm it. But they have acknowledged it because it's no main feat at all. I know for the fact alone that she dares to do it and she even said the record for us. I think she surpassed her own record. And I can imagine the cramps and the pain that she would have felt in that four days. I hear she took a five-minute break in every hour or something. I love cooking too. I love food like you do. But I don't know if it's something... I have that passion and I would want to cook for four days nonstop. I didn't really follow the story as far as what she was cooking. I wonder what kind of me she would be making in those four days.  I didn't follow it at all. Other than the details, the details of it. But I understand that she did cook a lot. Of course, if you cook for four days, you will cook a lot. She made rice, she made jello fries, she made several meals. Someone was asking, how is it that she just kept coming up with different... She didn't just start today. Her mom has a restaurant. She has a restaurant. So it's something that she's used to, consistency. Consistency is what has given her this perfection. It's a lot of lessons for everyone. It is a lesson. Another huge lesson to learn from this is that if you believe in a particular thing and just don't stop at it, just go out for it. Completely under... Of course, you can't achieve whatever you have set out today because there's nothing that can stop you. You're the only one that can limit you. If you have interest in a particular thing, if you feel that, ah, I have to get this. I have to get this in two days. You can't stop from something. Just go for it. Don't just think about it. Just do it. That's the thing. A good thing you've said because I do understand that before now, she had sought for some sort of investments. She has looked for investors to invest in her cooking, whatever. And she didn't get it. But today, trust me, there was Russia like... She's everywhere. There was Russia like... I even heard she had sponsors. And even after the whole event, you can imagine the publicity that she has gotten. And she can even give her... not make her restaurant like a global place very soon because she's in the eyes of the world. She is in the eyes of the world right now. That's the best way to put it, the eyes of the world. Of course, we've seen top government officials visiting and acknowledging her. So it's a beautiful thing. And I'm sure the governor of her state would also want to do something. You know how we like to grab successful people?  You don't recognize your indigenous or your citizens when they are suffering, but when they achieve something and then, oh, they become your trophy. It's such a hypocritical thing to do. So before we leave that stuff again, I don't know, is it something about people from that particular part of the country and they knowing how to cook? It's their natural gift. It's one of the natural gifts. Well, none of the natural gifts people from that place are known to have. The second gift I'm not going to say it right here, because this is the breakfast. And it's time for us to give you the weather report. We'll be back in a moment to stay with us. We've seen history being made before, and a young star doing that as well. I believe that she's going to motivate other young stars. Everybody's going to rise up to the occasion and say, hey, we can do this. If she can do it, we can do it. And that's good. And for the first time in a long time where I have something positive coming up from Nigeria, what I think is simple, this is a very challenging call for a lot of people out there. This was there all the while and she woke up one morning and said, I want to embark on this journey and she did it. And now see the number of people that came out to support her. So it just tells you that whatever you're doing, aim for the highest heights. Of course, social media makes you feel like you know people because we are all in the same industrial space. But when you see somebody doing something phenomenal, the energy and everything, the fact that she wants to even beat and go for that is just to show you because of the amount of support she's getting. This is not just a win for her there. It's a win for Nigeria. It's a win for Africa. Well, my take is that Nigeria to the world, music industry, entertainment, now the kitchen industry. I put it that way. So she's making everyone of us proud, not just all females, but every Nigerian and African right now here. She is a superwoman. I'm so proud of her as a woman. I think she's done well. And I think that this is something we should emulate across the way. You can show that young girls can actually put their mind to something and get it done. Well, there you have that report on Hilda. Beautiful there. Yeah, very, very wonderful. Like I said, just put your mind to whatever you believe in and then you can actually achieve her.  And of course, Africa very, very proud. Nigeria to the world. Nigeria to the world.


U.S. solid rocket motor R&D, design and manufacturing have markedly improved since their inception in the 1940s. However, this process has resisted change, making the fielding of new SRMs a time and resource-intensive endeavor. Technology demonstration SRMs typically require 8 to 10 years to realize live-fire testing and operational SRMs can require up to 20 years for full-rate production. U.S. supremacy and rocketry is diminishing and adversarial threats are coming of age. New methods are needed to accelerate tech transfer and to reduce barriers of entry to commercial firms. Production on demand seeks to advance four manufacturing technologies and develop an AFRL-native rapid and flexible SRM prototyping capability. The interaction of microfluidic reactor synthesis of precision ingredients, resonant acoustic mixing of solid rocket propellant, additive manufacturing of solid rocket propellant and internal insulation, and direct filament winding will afford a precisely controllable rapid prototyping capability for SRMs. The production on demand program is a three-phase program. In phase one, the development efforts in the four SRM technology areas are advanced in a compartmentalized fashion. Computational modeling and simulation tools will analyze the intended application of the SRM, glean the needed specifications, and select a design based on those results. Since a demonstration threshold is achieved for resonant acoustic mixing, 3D printing, and direct filament winding, integration of the process elements will begin. Successful integration of the production on demand, or POD, process elements will utilize machine learning principles, require networked communication of equipment, and minimize the need for human labor. The process elements work together by first selecting a propellant formulation. Station A then remotely doses the solid and liquid ingredients for a two-pound batch of solid propellant into a container. Safety concerns are taken into full account during dosing. Once the ingredients are dosed, the containers are sealed and passed to the RAM platform for mixing. Additive manufacturing is utilized to not only print the propellant grain, but also to print the motor's nozzle. The 3D printing co-bots work in conjunction with one laying down layers of material and the other using a curing device attached to its wrist. After each layer is produced, an additional co-bot arm scans the surface looking for flaws that other co-bots can repair. After printing, the propellant grains are transferred to a storage rack and then onto a filament winding shaft. In a rare case of human interaction, the vertical filament winding machine, the operator and a co-bot work collaboratively to install the internal insulation in the composite structural case. The completed SRM are removed from final station and it's ready for use. During the automated manufacturing of the SRM, a digital twin is created through the inspection process. The digital model can be used to predict performance and further refine the manufacturing process. In the final phase of the project, redesigned and more advanced AMRAM 5 rocket motors will be manufactured by the pilot plant. Ultimately, using those grains, the full AMRAM 5 rocket motor will be manufactured by the pilot plant and static fire tested elsewhere on site. The pursuit of solid rocket motor production on demand in the rocket factory in a box will mobilize, fortify and stabilize the U.S. rocket motor supply base. It will provide rapid design and fabrication of customized rockets for any end use requiring specific performance. This system will dramatically shorten time to design, prototype and acquire new motor designs and improve the safety of manufacturing for those designs. Ultimately, the rocket factory in a box can be integrated into a missile factory in a box. This eternal quiver will allow for the in-theater production of munitions, yielding a constant reliable supply of weapons.


Welcome to this talk about Linux Secured Integrity, a very fine boot concept for embedded systems. But before I start with the subject, I will give you a short introduction about my person. My name is Holger Dengler. I was working for Linux in Germany, a company that focused on embedded systems and real-time. And my focus area in this company is security of embedded systems. And I joined them last year. Before that, I was working for IBM in Birblingen, also with the focus on security and mainly the hardware support for the cryptographic hardware in the Linux support for the cryptographic hardware of the mainframes. So I'm a little bit familiar with the terms of security and the mechanisms there. And yeah, okay. So the agenda of this talk will be, first of all, we will start with a problem statement. Why are we sitting here and thinking about security of embedded systems? And because of the importance of the boot process in this question, we will focus on the classic boot process first and then on the verifying boot process.  We did a prototype with UBoat and at this point, thanks to the UBoat team and especially the colleagues that built in the security functions. It's good stuff and it's ready to use. And yeah, thanks for that. After the status quo, we come to a short conclusion and summarize the whole stuff and give an outlook on what can be done and where is the work to do. A problem statement. Why are we talking about security? Why are we thinking about securing our systems? As the embedded systems started in the past years, they are only connected to the entity state control. So we have only a controlling system and it's connected to a machine, complex machine doing stuff directly with the machine and that's it. So the systems over the time will be extended to interact with each other and also interact with central components like a control center. So in this picture, the control unit of machine A interacts with the control unit of machine B and they exchange data and after that they also transfer the data to the control center. So for that purpose, we need to connect the control units or the embedded systems together and if you have only two or three entities that you need to connect, you can do it via direct connectivity but if you need to connect more than three entities, then it's getting complex by direct wiring and expensive, please. So more and more embedded systems are now connected to existing networks to reduce the cost of wiring the units directly with each other. So they are not only connected to existing networks, sometimes they are also connected to public networks and so it's also possible to easily access the data under control units so control units no longer only control the machine, they also collect production data and provide it to other applications so that you can monitor your machine from your desk and access the data from there. So but the more comfort you get in accessing data, the more comfort also an attacker get to attacking your control unit. So we all know that service and personal computers are subjects that can be of interest for attackers and we have some security mechanisms on our laptops and our servers to protect against such attackers and if we connect our embedded systems and control units to public networks we also have to take care about security mechanisms in these units as well. So we all know the control units run also Linux and are no longer reduced systems, they are more or less full functional computers in this time and so they can also be the goal of an attacker and yeah, if the attacker has the possibility to take over the control of the control unit then weird things can happen with the machine or they can be used otherwise. So therefore it's important that our systems are also the embedded systems, the control units, we have to take care of the integrity of these systems so that we know to each time which software or which processes are running on these systems and the important step for guaranteeing the integrity of a system is to guarantee the integrity during the boot process. If you mess up the integrity in the boot process then you are broken. So this is a very important step with respect to integrity, to a system integrity and therefore the focus of this talk is mainly about the integrity during the boot process. So during the boot process we will load the kernel and the question that we have for that step is who is the originator of the kernel, who put it on my system and this is not only a question with respect to security it may also be important questions with respect to safety. So if you think about a laser welding machine it's important which kernel is running on it, on the control unit of this machine because something can happen if the laser control is going mad. So this is the first important question. The second important question is has the kernel be modified? It's somehow similar like the first questions but a little bit different. We want to detect violations, we want to detect modifications, malicious modifications in the kernel and therefore we need a mechanism to do that and at least we want to be notified if we detect such a modification and in the next step we also need a reaction, a fine reaction if such a modification has been detected. For example we can do a fallback to a safe kernel or we can stop booting the control unit so that the machine cannot be functional anymore and so on. And last but not least main question, can this all be done without having dedicated security hardware on the system? Sometimes you have a system out in the field and you want to increase the security and therefore it is important for you to know is it possible without hardware modification for me to update my system in a way that it after the update has a higher security level or higher integrity level than before. Let us first look at the classic boot process. I think we are all familiar with boot process. In the first step we have a CPU initialization. After that the boot loader is loaded into RUM and executed or directly executed in for example NOR flash. The boot loader then will load the Linux kernel from another place in the memory and then also executed and the system starts up and we are moving from the boot process to another step. So one way to increase the integrity or to ensure the integrity in such a classic boot process is to guarantee that no one can modify boot loader and Linux kernel. That is the easiest way. We can put it in a read-only memory and then we have the guarantee that the integrity is ensured as long as no one has physical access to the system. So that is one main aspect of this talk. As long as no one has physical access to the system, life is much easier. As you have an attacker that can plug in or has direct access to the hardware, then we are in another game. So that is also not the focus on this talk today. So we are focused today only on can we reduce the damage that a remote attacker can do with my system. So put the Linux kernel in a read-only memory, then we are fine. But that is not really a good idea for systems that are connected to public systems because if I connect a system to a public network, then I have to update the kernel and the software of my unit in a regular basis because of providing all the security bugs and fixes for it and so on. So putting the Linux kernel in a read-only memory solves one problem but it causes another. It is harder to update the system and for that reason we need another mechanism to verify what we are loading and executing. So then we come to a verifying boot. We start in the same way as in the classic boot. We have a CPU initialization. After that we load and execute the bootloader. And we also load together with the bootloader a certificate or a public key. In the next step we load the Linux kernel and together with the Linux kernel and this is also a new part, the signature of the Linux kernel. So we are here using cryptography to ensure the integrity of what is loaded and what is used to verify the signature. So the bootloader then takes the public key of the certificate and verify the signature of the kernel. Check if the kernel has built the signature and checks it against what is loaded from Flash. And if the verification is successful then it starts the kernel and at this point in time we can guarantee that the kernel that is loaded is signed and given away from a person that is allowed and authorized to do that. So let me give you a short side step what is used here. If you are talking about certificates I already mentioned it. We mainly talk about a public key and if we talk about a signature, a signature is a hash that is built in this case over the kernel and then it is encrypted with a private key. That is from the same key pair then the public key in the certificate here. So who is familiar with asymmetric cryptography? Okay, the attendees there are not familiar with asymmetric cryptography. In asymmetric cryptography you can use or you can generate a key pair and with one key you can encrypt stuff and for the decrypting again, so the step back to clear text you need another key. So in this case the signature can be built by a person that holds the private key as a secret and give away only the signature. And the signature can now be verified from every person that has read access to the public key in the certificate. So that is verifying the main concept of verifying boot process and it uses the need of read-only memory. So we only need to put the boot loader and the certificate in read-only memory. The Linux kernel and the signature can be put into read-write memory. So if someone modifies the kernel then the signature won't fit to the binary of the Linux kernel so verification will go wrong. And if someone modifies the signature it's the same. And it's very hard, nearly important to modify the binary and the signature in a way that verification can be successfully processed. So that depends on which method you use to verify the stuff here and in our prototype we are using RSA for that purpose and RSA is already implemented and available in U-Boot so that was the reason why we took it. A question. Yes. Would it be possible to have the boot loader in read-write memory just as a certificate? If you put the boot loader in the read-write memory then we have another problem because the boot loader in this picture here the boot loader is doing the verification. So if you can modify remotely the boot loader then you can replace it with a boot loader that has no verification or another example is if the certificate is also in the read-write memory then you have the same problem. Someone can replace the certificate and the public key in there with its own public key and with its own private key it can sign its own kernel and then the integrity is also broken. Yes, another question. Can you talk about the trend of not being able to replace the certificate on these devices due to some other release of information that you now no longer can guarantee security on the device with this setup? Yeah, that's a problem. We actually have no concept for that because certificate or equation list handling is a little bit more complex and to have this in the boot loader may... So if you want to revoke certain certificates or key pairs then you need a certificate revocation list and proper handling of doing that and certificate revocation list handling would also be here in the read-only memory part and because no one should change their revocation list so that's the same than the certificate. So there are certain open questions, yes, but we are aware of it and then maybe we need to discuss this in the future when we having the main steps in a proper way working and then we can go to the details and check what is possible. So this is an easy or simple verifying concept that is already implemented in you would I already mentioned. So we can also think about an extended key handling. So the system key pair that we have here at the left, this is our route of our chain of trust and we can now with this key pair or the keys there can build up a chain of trust and we can put the certificate, the system certificate, this one in a read-only memory of the system and if the bootloader starts up then we add this certificate in a bootloader, so-called bootloader key ring. In the next step we can load other certificates and extract the public keys from there, this one and we verify this public keys with the signature in the certificate. So you can also sign a public key and put it together and then you have a possibility to ensure that the public key you have seen at the signing time frame. So what we have done, we took the private key, the red one is the private key and the green one are the public keys. We took the private key and sign the working public key and put it together in a certificate, in a signed certificate and put it also on our system in maybe the read-write memory and then after the bootloader loads this certificate it can also be verified before adding it to the key ring and if the verification goes wrong then we normally not add it to our key ring. And with all keys in our key ring we have now two keys in our key ring, the public key of the system key pair and the public key of the working key pair and with all of these keys we can do now the signature verification with the kernel. So all we know that the kernel is signed with the working key and therefore we took the working key from the key ring and do the verification of the kernel signature. So that could be an extension of the key handling in the bootloader. It has the possibility that you as a producer of a system can give away a key pair to a developer that he can sign its work or you can also let the developer create a key pair and then sign its keys after verifying that it's a good guy and not a bad guy. So that is an extension of the verifying boot process that is available today but it may also it may be implemented with very less effort I think. Maybe we can talk about that later because the mechanisms are the same so if I verifying a kernel binary against the signature or if I verifying a certificate and a public key string against the signature that's the same mechanism so I don't need new encryption or decryption methods it's all the same. So if now our kernel is up and running then we came to another step in the life cycle of our system. We are leaving the boot process coming to the system and now we have the guarantee that the kernel that is loaded is the one we want to be loaded and we can now use all the existing stuff in the Linux kernel to protect our system further. We can reduce or we can restrict the kernel that only signed modules for example can be loaded and so we can prevent low level kernel hacking so we can not allow another person to write a kernel device driver that accesses parts of my hardware that I do not want to that it be accessed because of safety reasons or something else. So this is one possibility to protect my system. Another important thing is to take care of the integrity of my file system and here I can use the integrity subsystems in the kernel or other mechanisms that are around there and I can also use Linux security modules like SE Linux or Tomoyo or something else. So the fact that I has the guarantee that the kernel is the one that I want to run on this system I can rely on all these mechanisms that they are working, that they are active and that they protect my system against other modifications. So the integrity subsystem EMA is part of the kernel since 3.6 maybe and it helps you to guarantee the integrity of files and hashing the file content and putting the hashing extended attributes and verifying it and so on. Normally if you talk about EMA it's most in conjunction with TPM but it's not really necessary that TPM is in the game. So as far as I know the Linux integrity measuring architecture is available since 3.6 in the kernel but I'm not sure maybe it's 3.7. We do not have it yet but we will extend our prototype and having it there and then we can give you more details about the performance. So let's come to the prototype that we built. We take standard hardware, we take standard U-boot, doing some changes mainly the DTS support for the FITEC board because it's not there already and generating a key pair doing some configuration and it's running so it's easy if all the work is done by the community. So what we now have is a prototype that uses the kernel signature verification during the boot process if the signature don't fit to the kernel then the boot process will be stopped and interrupted. So we have a system that only boots signed kernels signed by us. So the features of this prototype are the kernel verification during the boot. We have the simple key chain in this prototype so the public keys in the U-boot image and the signature is located in the kernel image and we are using RSA 2K keys and for the hashing of the kernel we are using SHA-1. Okay I have a few slides back, I forgot something to mention so let me go back to this picture. As you can see we do not have the necessity to put any private key on our system. So if you deliver the system, if you give the system away there is no secret on the system. It's all only the public keys and only the stuff you delivered. So that is very important and that's the quality of security I think. Because if any secret is on the system then an attacker has the possibility to inspect one system, extract the secret and compromise all other systems that are relying on the same secret. So that's an important quality of this verifying boot process to have here the asymmetric cryptography that gives you the possibility to deliver only the public parts of your secrets. Okay so sample configuration for that prototype. We have a signature, we have a kernel configuration. We already saw similar configuration in the talk of Simon Glass yesterday. So it's nearly the same. We have a signature here in the kernel configuration that specifies that secret and it specifies the algorithm that is used for verifying the signature and key hint or key name hint so that boot load of the built tools know which key pair is used for generating the signature or verifying the signature. So that's it. The conclusion of this talk is it is no dedicated security hardware required if we want to protect against remote attacks. As I already mentioned we are not protecting here against physical access. If we want to also include verification against modification during physical access then we need some place where we can store safely the boot loader and secrets in this case the certificate or the public key that is used to verify the signature and for that reason we must go back and use a TPM for that reason. But it's the same process so we can combine the same process with a security hardware if we have the possibility or if it's already on the system and we're getting a better quality or higher quality integrity for our system. The concept is adaptable to your needs so if you need more if you need an extended key handling with a key chain then it's possible with small changes to cover this as well and it's extendable as I already said with TPM using a TPM or other security hardware. Maybe you can also think about a one-time programmable memory if you put such an entity on your system then you can get the certificate or public key from there and then you're at the same level then using a TPM. One important item here or thing is this concept is completely reviewable. You have the possibility to review and guarantee that there is no backdoor implemented in this concept. That's a possibility that if you have security hardware in the game it's mostly not possible for you so you won't get the construction details of a hardware chip that guarantees you the security. As I already mentioned we have no secrets on our system so if someone takes a system and doing some investigation he is not able to extract any secrets that helps him to attack other systems that rely on the same secrets. And last but not least it's already there, use it. So if you have a system that uses UBoat in your version then try it and be happy with it. It helps you to increase your security level of your system. That's from my side. Do you have questions? Yeah, what sort of effect does it have on you? Yeah, so verifying the signature you have to hash the curdle. So if you're using the verification you have two possibilities. So one possibility is to directly checking the curdle and verifying the signature of the curdle but you can also use another possibility. You can configure that curdle with a certain hash is required for that configuration and then sign the configuration and that is much faster. But in our prototype we're doing the simple thing and verifying the curdle and this depends on how big the curdle is and the curdle size and how fast your process is. In our prototype it took 50 seconds, sorry, half of a second. So you have to create an hash of it and then you can sign the hash to fast verify it with the only part of it. I mean, if the curdle is made in this configuration you can copy it second on the curdle and you end up with a security only recoup. Or if you really want a completely insecure system because someone completely destroys your system. So I think it's better to have what the important things have in really the only way of designing even with the use of different solutions. So the question or your comment is that not only the boot process needs to be verified and that's true. The boot process is one step and it's the first step. But we also need to guarantee that the configuration of the bootloader and the file system and other parts of the systems are also secured or the integrity is guaranteed for these parts as well. So your system is unsecured again and it's secured in RAM. Yeah, that's right. The question was if we only secure one part of the system, other parts can be modified or damaged. And so it's possible to having an unsecured system in the end, although the boot process, for example, is verified. So it's important that all the steps you're taking care of, that all these steps fit together. And yeah, and there are no holes in between. So because an attacker normally find those holes and go there and then you are broken again. So it's one step. So the boot process, it's one step in the game, but it's an important one. And therefore try it out, use it and getting familiar with it. I think it's worth to take care about this step a little bit more. Yes? Is there any reason here? The question was is it possible to put the bootloader in a read-write section and having some process in place that verifies the update of this region? And yes, it's possible, but it's also a little bit tricky. It's restricted very carefully that no one can access and write access this area in memory. Yeah. Most of the root kits for Android phones are based on in-control and overwriting your bootloader. That's the primary exploit to get root on an Android phone. Yeah, another possibility is to use a dip switch in your write-enable line of the memory area. And so to update the bootloader you need to have physical access. So I think the sequence of updating the bootloader is not so often than updating the kernel. So sending out service personnel to the machine every two years. And if necessary update the bootloader, that's acceptable for most people, maybe. Yeah. Yeah, if you have other requirements, then you need other mechanisms. For example, if you have that requirement, then it may be a possibility for you to store the keys, the secrets in your TPM, for example. Use the mechanisms there. That may also be a possibility. Okay, so I think we are done with the time. Thank you for your attention.