alright boys we have 10 82 plus packs and two icon moments play is two icon moments players and 10 82 pluses I think I'm gonna start with the 82 plus packs off the rip all right blue magic we're not discarding anybody today okay so it's gonna go Matt what's up dude looking smart why I appreciate it man it's just the glasses let me tell you hey thanks for the follow emogue alright lads here we go if you guys are wondering if the 82 plus is it worth it we're gonna find out right here okay first one is obviously okay what's this a address a gay shapeshifter item 87 rated so that's an 82 plus pack you're getting an 87 is your face card all right all right what's behind it though all right some 83s and 82s that's what I've been seeing from the most of these packs is that you get a really good front player and then after that it's 83s and 82s I think you'll take the 87 though not black not bad but the wrong kind of blues the wrong blues all right here we go second of 10 82 pluses five players that's a future star so we're back-to-back specials boys that's positive French center back Kamara 87 rated I think so back-to-back 87s I guess you take it right craftable craftable what's gonna be behind this one yet 84s 83s and 82s yeah that's a very typical pack man honestly but you'll take it these were instantly tots earlier they must have been nerfed and we don't like to hear that there's a blue thank you very much e-sports odegaard yep so that's a 92 rated card so you went from an 82 to a 92 now we're getting blues w let's go the wrong Norway the wrong Norway the wrong Norway let's think about that statement for a second two blues one pack Rajkovich and odegaard oh you're saying wrong Norway because you already have odegaard rip well take a Rajkovich it's probably a dupe yeah yep are these worth it you haven't been on since Saturday well catch a watch of this bro we've opened three so far we've gotten two tots and one okay now we're getting the blues now these are looking pretty good aren't they boys French right back la la yo yo man you cannot tell me these are not good you can't tell me these are not good man G G's G G's decent you have the red all right well you'll take a 93 fada take the fada only one blue in this in this pack still a 93 rated though as long as you get that one card that's high rated like that makes the pack I think pretty much worth it I think that makes the pack pretty much worth it because you're getting some sort of high rated fada for your club you know okay oh no oh no this is the major downside of these packs you could get this you could get packs like this just gold cards come on that's another board at least be a special it's another blue let's go dude a lot of blues from these men Belgium goalkeeper do whenever you see the Belgian flag you're thinking Katie me but that's 93 rated and we move that's a massive pole right there hopefully it's not a dupe we hope that it's not a duplicate come on don't be a dupe please it's a dupe we do pick up a 95 this max errands max errands yep transfer windows looking pretty nice bro it's been a lot of action ice Viking what's up here we go that's a future stop headliner English left-wing center mid James James Madison 87 rated okay so another decently high rated card Joe hard to spurs just why dude that's a that's a Jose move right there it's a more in your move all right he knows what he's doing with that one we don't but he does right gets the name right screws up the rating did that's like that's bad backwards of what it usually is in the stream you know Texas these 82 pluses they seem to be pretty decent man they they seem to be pretty decent man we've gotten I mean obviously you want to get boards in every single one of them that's just a gold walkout English Stroyka Harry Kane by the way lads if you have not watched the all or nothing series bite of Tottenham Hotspur on Amazon Prime video get involved all right if you have Amazon Prime by the way X-mage mark prime in the chat free sub available to you in any stream or in my stream especially all right twitch.tv backslash the foot accountant we'll take it even on rated Harry Kane all right two icon moments boys this guy really wants Croyth and he really really really wants R9 of course as well let's go man let's go rides up it's up good to see you Swires and Keelini interacting with each other won't be awkward at all exactly that'll be a very interesting dynamic at UVA oh no oh no Keen moments Keen yikes yikes all right another icon pack second of two on this account oh my gosh dude you get the hat and W oh wait this is a W for you oh sick dude I never get pumped about goalkeepers bro I don't know what it is but I don't get pumped about keepers but it's not a duplicate and we move let's go EA sports drop this man something saucy oh no just a gold walkout please be high rated Portugal right wing they're not a little silver they're not a little silver man 87 I guess that's just kind of like getting an 87 rated special card like we got earlier just and it just and and an 85 Higuain we were next pack nose pack I got you headliner French left-back Dignay boys speaking of this squad right here Everton making moves Alan and Hamas Rodriguez and they're trying to go after Ducoray man Everton's making moves all right 90 plus rare golds let's go I gotta do a nose pack for the lads right a nose for eyes pack whatever you want to call it man right it's a blue yep Argentina center mid okay that's 94 rated 91 91 hang man I love it I love it man that's a blue second 81 plus and it's a blue oh my gosh man postf Martinez the Venezuelan lad let's go what a poll I hope that's not a duplicate get a top five league tots and you got a sub for me w I got you I got you after every set I do I always do enough bro what an 81 plus pack right there man get in w let's go let's go man gg's yeah is those in like every pack bro facts any that's a blue come on top five league and we got a sub from the chat Netherlands CDM oh the new Manchester United lad Donnie band to be 94 rated tots though we move let's go ggm you lads what are we saying what a squad the full moments team we got to get him a croif though he's a croif born our nine all right Connix let's go let's go top five moments come on esports croif that's what we want striker oh my gosh don't you dare be a duplicate don't you dare be a duplicate bro bro this guy now has three of the four Brazilians that are attacking mid icon moments players in his club he's got kaka and Daniel I thought you're about to get a dupe Daniel bro oh my gosh bro all right esports you've been hooking me up with these icon moments here lately what do you say we do it again what do you say we do it again bro come on esports let's go Dutch center forward or Brazil striker right here German Mateus and we're happy Mateus and we're happy lads ballacks not bad I mean not bad dude not bad not bad I mean yeah we move we move small w I agree am I gonna use him probably not probably not small w though I use this guy I use prime ballack last year for months loved prime ballack last year right boys let's open in five in four three two one go rip it tell me what you get in the chat afterward let's go team of the season for moi Argentina striker that's literally my second debala that I packed tonight man the first one of these that I did I got debala another tots behind it what a pack dude let's go let's go this is why you should craft 82 plus his baby in September hey Gerbs thank you man Casemiro debala and ocemen 94 93 92 what a pack what a pack


Hi, everyone, and welcome to JSA TV and JSA Podcast. We're recovering the latest stories, trends, and innovations from leaders in global connectivity, real estate, and the networks within. I'm Barb Mitchell with JSA, and I'm happy to be joined today with Jeff Barber of Bloom Energy. Thanks for joining us. Thanks, Barb. Thanks for having me. Always good to see you. Always a pleasure. And the whole JSA crew behind the cameras there, hiding. And we've been seeing you here and there this week. It's Monday of what feels like a month-long conference, but it's really only a few days. But it's been busy already, right? It's been crazy. I took the time to come in a day early to relax, quote-unquote, and ended up having about 15 meetings. Yeah, it's funny you should say that. We were saying it just feels like it keeps getting longer and longer. You feel like come in a day earlier, then a day earlier. And anyway, next thing you know, next year we'll be here the whole month. It's the best show in our industry to meet the entire ecosystem. Right, yeah. Everything from real estate through fiber, through data centers, yeah. That's right. And at the start of the year, so it's perfect. And so speaking of the show, I mean, you started bright and early Sunday morning. Sunday morning, absolutely. You were on a panel, the JSA Global panel with Tech Capital. And tell us about that. What were you talking about? I loved that panel. It was fantastic. You have machine learning, AI, what we used to call high performance compute workloads, really a household name now, which as with an IT nerd like myself, that's where I came from. These things have existed a long time, and now everyone understands the impact, and they can see it with chat, GPT, and other things. And we really geared it towards what's the impact on power, on geographic location for the data center. Will the data center look the same? How will the traditional developers deal with this? Much higher rack densities and cooling and everything. So it was a, we were able to nerd out on the data center world, so it was good. Yeah, I got you out of bed on a Sunday morning and off the beach. Absolutely. I've not been on the beach yet. Don't start those rumors, but maybe later. All right, yeah. So on that note, these were some of the things we wanted to talk about today anyway. I know that you mentioned AI and I think power. And so with power being potentially a bottleneck to the industry, talk about that. Yeah, I think potentially a bottleneck is probably the wrong term. It's the number one barrier now to bringing new capacity online. As the developers will tell you, many markets are 1% vacancy. If you have available power in space, you're leasing it on a long-term lease. The utilities are taking dirty energy producing formats offline. Transmission lines are aging. So we see at the same time, we see dropping production. We're also seeing transmission capabilities declining. So yeah, it's a major, major issue in our industry. And it's blocking a lot of development, my friends will tell you. Yeah, and the other thing that's happening, I mean, these things all, I think you've even said this, these things all tie together, right? The other element here is the densification of the data halls. So how does that tie in? Yeah, that's going to be a tough issue that we have to address. So you have hundreds or thousands of developments out there that were built for 15 kilowatts of rack, which was considered plenty if I have normal Intel architecture, normal Cisco, or Juniper switching, or what have you. Now with the propagation of GPUs and high performance compute and machine learning and AI, I need to go potentially as a developer to 40, 50, or 100 kilowatts of rack, which has a domino effect on how do I cool that? How do I deploy that? Does my data hall look the same? The four megawatt data hall in the past was maybe 10,000 square feet. That might shrink by 2 thirds now. So how do we deal with that? Yeah. Yeah, it's interesting. And so power, not potentially a bottleneck, definitely a bottleneck, I mean. And as we see growth and demand exploding globally, are there particular markets that are jumping out as looking for alternative power solutions? Yeah, absolutely. Within our team at Bloom that specializes in data centers, I mean, you see the traditional data center market, certainly California Bay Area, Silicon Valley area. You still see Northern Virginia. What's really interesting is markets that formerly had a tremendous amount of power and no transmission capabilities. Markets like Arizona or even Texas, where power was cheap and abundant, that's no longer the case. So there has been such a consumption cycle with new capacity coming online over the past, I would say, decade, maybe five to 10 years, that the utilities are truly quote unquote out. They're not able to get you anything for a decade. And in some markets, that's even longer. Now, this is above and beyond the supply chain issues we see with transformers and with other elements, right? But it's a very big problem and one that Bloom can absolutely address. Yeah. Well, and on that note, I mean, I always find it's so tough because we want to talk about all these big topics and there's so much talk about it and we only have a few minutes. And I know that you have a very busy show ahead, but you're still here for several days. And so for people that are on site and want to maybe connect with you or maybe they're not as fortunate as us as to be here running from place to place, how can they connect? Many different ways. LinkedIn would be a great one. Go to our website, bloomenergy.com. That's a great one. You will find a tremendous amount of ESG and technical data out there. So yeah, I'm not that hard to get a hold of at this conference. I'm seeing the inside of a conference room the entire time, starting at 7.30 this morning through 8 o'clock tonight. So I think every time we've seen you, we've been running. Yeah. There is a lot of demand right now for what we do. On-site, micro-good, dedicated power for data centers. I mean, I like to ask the question, are you experiencing any power problems? And it's somewhat rhetorical, because they all say. They're like, of course we are. Every one of them says yes, we are. Well, thank you. And to all our viewers, hopefully, they can connect with you with Bloom Energy, Jeff Barber here joining us. And thank you again for your time. Always a pleasure. We'll talk again many, many times, I'm sure. I'm sure we will. Thank you very much. Thank you. And thank you to our viewers for tuning in today to JSA TV. Happy networking.


Welcome to Google or Jenkins Docs office hours. So used to running other things. Welcome to Jenkins documentation office hours. It's February 17th, 2022 reminder that we abide by the Jenkins code of conduct. Topics for today, Jenkins is the way and some questions that Gavin Mogan had. She code Africa contributon, news, good first issues where we'll do a live bug fix is my proposal anyway. And then a topic on adding a troubleshooting page and topic on Linux installers and their change from init to system D. Any other topics that need to be added to the list? Let's get to me. Okay, all right. So first topic then, Gavin Mogan joined the docs office hours last week during the Asia time zone. And we did a detailed review of the content for Jenkins is the way and it's looking really good translation. So that our conversion, I guess is the best way to say it. So what he's done is he's converted it from the, from the WordPress site now converted to, I believe ASCII doc that we can maintain his code. Nice. And what he noted is, hey, it doesn't have to actually go on to Jenkins on to www.jenkins.io. And if we put it there right now, it will, if we add it there, it will roughly double the size, the size of the Git repository and the Git repository for Jenkins.io is already quite large at 60 megabytes. So it will go from like 60 megabytes to over a hundred. And he suggested at, and I think also a suggestion from Oleg Nanashov, well, we could consider putting it at a different URL. It's been at a different URL. Today it is at Jenkins is the way dot, oh, I forget, what is it? I.O. Dot Jenkins.io? Jenkins is the way dot I.O. Dot I.O, okay. And what we could do is Jenkins is the way dot Jenkins.io. If you'd be willing to do that, Alyssa, and then we don't, we would still manage it with the same techniques. We would use pull requests to manage it just like we do www.jenkins.io, but it would be a separate site and a separate repository. Would that be okay for you or? I think that's fine Mark. Okay. Yeah. The idea would be, we would redirect the existing WordPress site to the new location so that we could switch off the hosting of the WordPress site. Okay. Yeah. I think the timeline for renewing the current site is around April. It's an annual subscription. So the subscription is up in April. Good. Okay. So then let's put this, Mark, to work with the infra team, infra team to confirm that we can host Jenkins is the way dot Jenkins.io in the Jenkins infra. And that would mean a GitHub repository, a site, and it could be on Netlify. Elsewhere, it doesn't have to be anything that we do an awful lot for. And then we'll coordinate it with Gavin Mogan. Thank you. Thank you. That's the piece that I wanted to check on. Okay. Great. I'll stick around. Okay. Great. Well, so that's excellent. And so then onto the next topic, she code Africa contributon. So Xenob, I apologize that I have not done my actions yet. Help me with the reminder on the timeline. Where are we at and what's the upcoming steps? And Xenob's baby may be keeping her busy. Hello. Hi Xenob. Yeah, sorry. Yeah. You're saying? I wanted a reminder on the timeline. I'm a little worried. I haven't submitted the project ideas yet. Okay. So if we could get them before the end of this month, if that's okay by you. Sure. All right. That's easy. Absolutely. So before end of February. And the funding, so the, so CloudBees funding has, I guess, Alyssa, it's a good question to you. Have we done the right eye dotting and tea truss crossing to assure that CloudBees funding has been submitted? So the last time I spoke with Jude is that legal was revealing the contract. Okay. Agreement. But we do have funding in place saved for this specific project. So I'm not worried about that yet. All right. Great. Excellent. CloudBees funding is approved internally at CloudBees. And just so you're clear, Zinov, it's actually in my budget as a manager. So it's where we like it. It's where it was the person who cares deeply about it. It has the one who has the funding. Yeah. So we're just working the details yet. Good. Okay. Still, so that's the thing that I needed since still need mentors and open to more project ideas. So I'll continue Mark to continue recruiting. So the project ideas post looks like this and offers program management, the inclusive naming initiative, screenshot updates and that when we really do have clear things and then test the tutorials and test automation. So all of those are viable. So Mark, you have a couple of names by there. So are those confirmed mentors? They are people who said that they were willing, yes, as part of the Docs office hours. So Meg mentored last year and is willing to do it again. Kristen mentored last year and Dheeraj has said he's willing to mentor this year. Because he's in India, it's a little more complicated getting time zones aligned between Dheeraj and Meg or between Dheeraj and Kristen, but I think it's still workable. Okay. I know that's great.  Yeah, we're still, it feels like we're still short-handed. In particular, last year we had some surprises where we had changes proposed, but no one to review the changes who had permission to merge them. And so it's a danger here that having mentors in this case is necessary, but not sufficient. We also have to have the right maintainers agree that they're willing to review the pull requests that come in to make the fixes. Okay. And then we had an additional project idea. I should note that from Gavin Mogan saying, hey, web browser automation is a very interesting field and doing screenshot updates with web browser automation might be something that could be done. So automate the taking of screenshots. Like that? Yeah, it's an interesting, but for me, that is to me a much more challenging programming task than many of the other tasks we put on the list. It's an intensely valuable programming task, but it's more challenging. Okay. So, Zinab, anything else that you wanted to highlight on Contributon? Oh, nothing else. Okay. So, and let's see, I had the link to the submission form someplace else in the notes. Here it is, good. Let me be sure that I copy that forward so that we've got it. Great, okay, so we'll get those in before end of the month. And we've got at least one more meeting of office hours to safety check that we did that on time. Good. All right. Okay, then the next story is news. Oops. And on the news front, we released Jenkins 2.335 released with more UI improvements. And the system base installer, Linux installer. And that's their bug reports are arriving for the UI improvements. A number of issues were found in terms of images that aren't quite right, et cetera. And bug reports are expected on the Linux installer. Then we've got Jenkins 2.332.1 is coming. That's the March 9, 2022 LTS release. And it will include UI improvements, what I'd call phase one, not the full set that are visible in 335, but an interesting subset with some really nice improvements, like plug-in manager, tables, it's a nice look. And that will need a change log and an upgrade guide. We'll do that as part of the docs office hours. Likely first review will be next week. Any questions on that one? No question for me. Okay. All right. Next topic was, this is more of a, how do we wanna do it question? And so Xenob, for you and Alyssa, this is a really good one for a check for the two of you. Gavin Mogan asked the question, hey, he would like a set of standard responses. You're having trouble running something inside Jenkins, but it works locally. And how do you solve that? And it's a very good question. We actually had a wiki page that specifically addressed that. The way it said it was, hey, my software builds on my computer, but not on Jenkins, why not? And this then lists a checklist of ideas of things that should be checked to understand why inside Jenkins it might fail, but outside Jenkins it would work. And Gavin has noted some additional spots. Now the question is, where should it be placed? So the idea I suggested to us, hey, here's this page, System Administration. And it's got a bunch of subtopics, backup, restore, monitoring, chef, puppet, logging, scripted, diagnosing errors and getting a thread dump, those kinds of things. My thought was, we should put another entry here at the same level as diagnosing errors and call it troubleshooting and then have a page that has those frequently asked questions or common concerns, hey, it doesn't do what I expected, why not? What do you think? Does that seem reasonable to you? Is there a better way that you would recommend? And so... So my thoughts are, instead of putting it on the System Administration, why not it be a whole different section on its own? So I don't have to, because I think troubleshooting is something that a lot of people have issues with and it's going to have a range of different topics when it comes to troubleshooting. And as time goes on, if it's something that keeps getting updated, it will get potentially very large with very different topics on how to troubleshoot, so I don't think it should be a bad idea if it's like a different section on its own, not on the different section for troubleshooting and Jenkins and on that section, you have these various different topics that you have to troubleshoot Jenkins. That's my own suggestion. I like that. Okay, so I think what you're saying is what we would do is in addition to a System Administration section we have now, we would add at this same level a troubleshooting section and admit that it would have subtopics and the subtopics might be troubleshooting how to do builds. Another might be troubleshooting port conflicts or troubleshooting. Yeah, so that might lobby that this, a copy of this diagnosing errors thing, or at least its information might go into that troubleshooting section as a dedicated troubleshooting section and obtaining a thread dump likewise is really a good, that's a good troubleshooting tool. Yeah, I like that. Okay, good, more attractive as a separate top level section as a separate section at the same level as System Administration. Move the, move content into it and extend and add content. So the idea would be things like, and I'm gonna copy those now, obtaining a thread dump, obtaining a thread dump. And the other one that we were using was diagnosing errors as an example. Good, yes, excellent idea. I don't know why I didn't think of that, very good. Okay, any other suggestions or insights to offer there? I don't have any, Mark. Okay, so this has a nice benefit as well. We would use a page redirect, those two existing pages to the new location. That's be part of the pull request, create the new section, redirect the existing pages to the new location and move the existing page content to the new location. Yeah, that's a good one because it's not just showing us, showing it a contributor, how do you do the new section? It's also, here's a new section, it needed to be populated with some existing content so that that content would redirect. Good, I like that. Okay, very good. So this redirect doesn't mean that we are still going to have this topic on that system at the new location section, but I'm not sure how the redirects will work. Yeah, so good question. So because this is a full level page, so diagnosing errors is a top level page, it would disappear from this table of contents entry here, so it wouldn't be visible here, but if someone now opened this URL, it would immediately redirect them to probable shooting slash the diagnosing dash errors. So like that, it would be as though they had typed the correct URL and that redirect then is a permanent thing and it's the Jenkins.io site is designed to do those redirects very easily. It's a simple file, has this particular name and then inside the content of the file it says it's a redirect and what the destination of the redirect is. Okay, because I was considering opening the PR with the new section, working on the PR with the new public section section, but I'm not sure how to go ahead with the direct path. Oh, well, so let me show you an example of a redirect so that you can see it. Let's do that because if you're interested in doing this, if you're interested in doing that pull request, that would be great. And let's show you how you do a redirect. Okay, so here's, I'm gonna bring up my thing to find a redirect. Perfect, here we go. Content slash account.adock. And so I'm gonna open that up and we'll put the URL in it. GitHub, Jenkins.io. So now we look at content, account. What was it? It was content slash account.adock. This one, perfect. This is the code for that file, that's all it is. And in fact, maybe we can find one that does a redirect into www.jenkins.io, let me look just a minute. Yes, here's an even better one. Okay, here's an even better one. All right, so this is one that Alyssa might remember. Here is an example of a, no, we won't do this with Alyssa, we'll do a different one. Okay, so how about here is a redirect. Content slash content, what silliness is that? Yeah, here's a good choice. All right, welcome.adock. So there is a, if I go to Jenkins.io, welcome. It shows it automatically, you saw that it flashed the page, said this content has moved to such and such. And so this is a good example of exactly that. And it shows how that works. So I'm just gonna put that into the notes here. So Zina, what you would do is you would copy the content of the existing pages into the new location in the directory structure. Then you would create the same file name as those existing pages and all that the same, that the existing page files would have in them is this very simple four lines. Now the redirect URL here is not slash, the redirect URL you'd need to provide is to docs, doc slash, we'd have to look it up, it's doc slash book slash troubleshooting slash diagnosing errors. Docs new, okay. Yeah, that would be an element. Docs new, okay. All right. So that would be the idea and then you do that. Okay. So does that feel comfortable to you? Yes, it does. But if I have any product questions, I'll just send it in the speech. Perfect, yes. Happy to help and happy to coach, absolutely. All right. Okay. Anything else that we need to discuss on the troubleshooting page then? I'll review this same concept in docs, office hours, Asia, about 12 hours from now, just to be sure. So I expect that they'll say, oh yeah, we like Zina's idea, let's go with it. Okay. Great, thank you. Okay. So we are at about half past. Zina, sometimes you've needed to leave at this point. Are we at a point where we should just call this stop and call our meeting done or do you want to watch as I go through a bug fix? I have to drop off now. Okay, then let's call the meeting done for today and we'll take these other issues later. Thanks everybody, great session. Thank you very much Zina, thanks Alyssa. Thank you Mark. All right. Bye Zina. Thank you Mark. Bye Mark.


Okay, thanks very much Daryl. This is going to be a very quick skate through a number of thoughts around biosecurity for the future and the implications in particular for Northern Australia. So Lynn's touched in broad terms on the current biosecurity situation, but I just want to highlight a few other points and lead into the north. So clearly we understand what biosecurity is about. It's about the management of risks to a range of sectors focused on pests and diseases that we don't want in Australia. But if we think about the biosecurity itself, it's an outcome we're trying to achieve, but it's also a system, an interacting system that again Lynn touched on some of the elements of the system, but importantly it's a human system. It's designed by people, it's run by people, and it's very often compromised by people. And that human dimension of biosecurity, I think we need to think about much more seriously as we evolve the system, improve it, particularly around Northern Australia. We've got a large challenge in trying to protect the values we have, the health of our people, the exports we're able to produce and deliver, and the environment that we have. So multi-dimensional issues here and across the continuum of biosecurity from offshore to the border and onshore, science contributes a great deal and can continue to do that in better understanding risk offshore, understanding pathways of entry, how organisms establish, spread and then have impact and where on that chain we can have interventions that try to stop that impact as early as possible, but at the same time in supporting market access, so biosecurity science supporting our capacity to trade and export. If we look at biosecurity today and some of the the headlines, we're very regularly seeing scary headlines about threats, changes, things coming, impacts happening in other parts of the world, things that we don't want. So if you were to look just at the headlines, you probably would be really concerned. I think in the global environment today it's right to be concerned because the world is changing very rapidly. In 2012 CSRO released a report on global megatrends that impact Australia or look at where Australia fits in a changing global pattern and you can see the six main megatrends there and if you think about those each of them has some biosecurity connotation. So more from less essentially around improved efficiency in agriculture for example, leading to greater intensification that can generate heightened biosecurity risk through more concentrated populations of organisms for example, going going on about the loss of biodiversity can compromise our environments in terms of their resilience to invasion. The Asian century clearly about trade movement connection that again heightens risk, great expectations, the changing expectations of our communities and what they understand about risk and where they think food comes from and virtually hear about a digitally connected world. That's probably a real positive for us and I'll emphasise that as we go forward that the digital opportunities in enhancing biosecurity are substantial. So that report led us just over a year ago to work up together with our partners in animal health Australia, the plant biosecurity CRC and the invasive animal CRC a futures report on biosecurity Australia's biosecurity future preparing for future biological challenges. We did this report through wide consultation with about 60 organisations across the country, lots of interviews, lots of workshops and tried to pull together a similar mega trend analysis around the biosecurity mega trends and we came up with five and then explored those by looking at a series of mega shocks and scenarios around those shocks and how we might currently respond. You can see we identified five, appetite for change is clearly about the growing requirement for food, increased agricultural productivity and driving intensification that I said earlier can drive increases in either new or increased biosecurity risks. The urban mindset is essentially about the growing disconnect between where most of our people are and where most of our food and agriculture is. The lack of understanding of biosecurity risks from urban populations and the growing peri urban, sweeter peri urban agriculture that brings its own set of risks. On the move is clearly about connectedness. Australia is no longer an isolated island, we're hugely connected and that's growing through shipping, containerisation, people movements, each representing a potential biosecurity risk. The diversity dilemma is similar to what it was in the mega trends analysis. It's really about how biodiversity underpins the functioning of many of our ecosystems and invasive species, whether they impact in agriculture or the environment, can compromise those systems and potentially facilitate the establishment of organisms we don't need in the country. The efficiency era was the fifth one. This is really about changing patterns of investment, loss of expertise in certain areas. If you look across the spectrum of biosecurity in Australia at the moment we're seeing dramatic reductions in capability and capacity in biosecurity, which is unfortunate, but at the same time the efficiency era is bringing a dramatic rise in technological opportunity to deal with smarter biosecurity systems. So they're the five trends that we came up with and you can read the full report if you wish. It's on our website. In the report we didn't provide solutions to all those areas. What we did was pose a series of questions because we wanted to keep the dialogue going, but we posed those questions under headings of policy, science and technology, communication and engagement and we talked about prevention activities and response activities. So the purpose of the report was to get a dialogue started, not to provide an immediate set of solutions, but what does all that mean for Northern Australia? Well, you're all very well aware of the current interest to energy around development of Northern Australia. Northern agriculture is currently small relative to the value of agriculture in most of the country, dominated by pastoral enterprises, but with huge potential or at least some potential. There's arguments both ways about the scale of the potential, but opportunities for change, development, not only in agriculture but in other industries. So there's a lot of momentum and there are significant needs to support that momentum. There is unfortunately a past history of spectacular failures of agricultural developments in Northern Australia. Some of those linked to biosecurity issues, not all, but I'd argue that since the 60s when cotton spectacularly failed in the Ode, we've had a massive amount of science advancement and if we can't now put in place more science-informed biosecurity systems to support development, then I think we've been negligent. So I'm quite optimistic that we can, but it's important that biosecurity is at the table in the development discussions to ensure that that underpinning is there. When we think about needs for the North, we need to not just think about the agricultural sectors but the human populations as well, because they're going to be integrated into the threats and think about our North environment, which is pristine in many parts of Northern Australia. So multiple sectors to be considered, but there are unique pathways and threats in Northern Australia that perhaps we don't have to deal with elsewhere in the country. All sorts of natural connections to countries further North through natural dispersal of organisms into the North, itinerant yachts, real connections across Torres Strait that open up different pathways perhaps to consider and perhaps riskier pathways to take into account. And from the developing Northern Australia White Paper, recognition that not only is the tropical North perhaps more accepting, more receptive for pests and diseases to establish and have impact, but the North can act as a significant stepping stone for invasive organisms to establish and then have impact in our major established agricultural system. So multiple dimensions there to be aware of and guard against. Development in the North will bring increasing threats and susceptibility. So the connection of Northern Australia to neighbouring countries and the trading and so on that goes on between those countries in a relatively unmanaged agricultural biosecurity context relative to our own rises risks offshore that we need to take account of. The scale of movement of goods and people and the movement of equipment and people associated with development in itself raises risks of likelihood of entry. Increasing densities of people, livestock, cropping, whatever, increases the chance of those pests and diseases establishing and spreading if we're not on top. And then changing climates change the whole dimension around the potential of certain organisms to establish in Australia. So all of those aspects mean that we need to be ahead of the game in thinking about those threats. It doesn't mean we say Northern Development shouldn't happen. Australia has been really well served for 25 years now by the North Australian quarantine strategy, NARCS, that was set up specifically to deal with the biosecurity risks of Northern Australia. Targeted surveillance really focusing on the risks around Torres Strait, for example. So NARCS I think has been a great success, but in this evolving era we really need to see it bolstered through smarter technologies, engagement more broadly with the community and industries and enhanced capacity in state jurisdictions that are obviously present in Northern Australia. A couple of case studies to illustrate. One is the classic case of sugarcane smut, a fungus that affects sugarcane in Southeast Asia. Australia was historically free of that disease. In 1998 a tiny area of sugar growing in the Ord River, which had not had sugar before, became infected by sugarcane smut that was blown in from somewhere in Asia, almost certainly Timor Indonesia, established, created a hazard there but within a short number of years arrived and impacted on our main sugar production area and led to a significant loss and significant transition that had to be undertaken to deal with that and that's a good example of this stepping stone risk that Northern Australia might pose. So that's a clear case study that illustrates what we need to take account of. Another one that's perhaps more related to human health, but is nonetheless a biosecurity risk linked to invasion of novel organisms is mosquito vectored diseases and new mosquito vectors spreading in Northern Australia or arriving in Northern Australia. The Asian tiger mosquito is something we absolutely don't want in Australia. It's in the Torres Strait now, a good job is being done at holding it at bay but we need more sustainable solutions to keep that sort of threat out of the country. Lynn highlighted marine biosecurity, I just wanted to emphasise the vulnerability that is there. We've got a huge coastline, we've got a number of invasive marine organisms and with growing development of Northern Australia, perhaps new port developments, more shipping, more movements, the risk to our marine estate is also growing. I don't think there's enough going on to protect it at the moment. So some initiatives, obviously the the white paper as Lynn said is focused on opportunities for large-scale agriculture in the north, strengthening of biosecurity in particular and perhaps a Northern Development CRC, we'll see how that goes and significant investments not just in biosecurity but in infrastructure that facilitates development. Likewise in the Agricultural Competitiveness White Paper, a number of foci there and again significant investment particularly the 200 million to enhance biosecurity surveillance. These are great initiatives that will really improve the situation but if we look at I guess our perspective of a way forward for Northern Biosecurity in particular, we think it needs to be built on multiple components firstly to ensure that there's research and development in place building on the history of our understanding of the north from the last several decades but targeted R and D that is focused around risks particularly linked to development for the north. We need to characterise what those risks are and provide decision support tools that can help developments progress with biosecurity in mind. We need to have cost-effective biosecurity plans to support those developments into the future and perhaps most importantly is be deploying, developing and deploying new technologies, the massive increase in capability with autonomous systems, sensor-based surveillance, big data collection, analytics, the opportunity to get to real-time surveillance so that we can respond very quickly and protect northern developments is real and can be done very cost effectively and helps to I guess fill in the shortage of expertise that's physically located in the north in terms of people so autonomous systems, sensors, new technologies of all sorts can really underpin northern development. Just to focus on smart surveillance one of the things we'd really advocate is it needs to start from a strategic human framework really drawing in the various elements of communities in the north particularly the indigenous groups the indigenous ranger groups around a social contract for enhanced surveillance. Understanding the risks from natural spread and incursions and as I said we've seen a few of those happen already we're already well advanced with developing a tool that helps us understand those risks from wind-borne incursions in particular a tool called TAPIS that we're developing jointly with the Bureau of Meteorology that will be very valuable for the north fully utilising autonomous systems as I said and thinking something like the Sense T system in Tasmania, sensorised Tasmania that for northern Australia would seem a bigger challenge but something that should be doable and then adapting all the other tools particularly social media tools that can underpin responsiveness and engage as many parts of as many facets of the northern community as possible in understanding biosecurity risks surveillance and response. The outcome there would be government industry and community all interacting in this shared responsibility that Lynn talked about. So if we think about biosecurity risks for northern Australia I think we should think about needs rather than risks so we know there are risks but I think they can be managed or we think they can be managed. We need to see collaboration across jurisdictions industries in the community and I think that sense is really starting to mobilise. Carefully assess the risks do whatever we can to preempt those risks so surveillance preemptive responses to nip those risks in the bud early. Integrate infrastructure into developments rather than seeing developments happen and then biosecurity thought about as an afterthought or responding to a crisis it should be there at the start. Applying smart technologies and seeing biosecurity as insurance for northern development not just more red tape. So a couple of final messages. Biosecurity is about investment in long term sustainability. Done wrong biosecurity is always going to be generating risk it's going to be the source of uncertainty risk and development and investment doesn't need uncertainty. Done right biosecurity can be a real enabler of development establishing and maintaining access to markets supporting trade and supporting sustainable economic returns and it's really biosecurity done right that we need to aim for for northern development. So thanks very much.


At first, I'd like to just start with some quiet reflection, honoring, or I guess more appropriately dishonoring, the 2017 theatrical release of the Justice League, directed by Joss Whedon. It will never need to be mentioned again now. The moment has arrived. Four years after the original version, Zack Snyder gifts us with his, and I guess for every year waited, we have an hour added, because this bad boy's four hours long. You know, I kind of spent half a day with it, had some breakfast, took a break at about the halfway mark, did some work, and then fired it up around noon, finished it I think around two o'clock. It's a meaty experience. And then I started rewatching it tonight with the rest of the family. We sat down for dinner, had a nice little meal, some burgers and fries, flipped on Zack Snyder's Justice League, got a good hour in the second time around. Things were more noticeable than they were the first, and let's dive in. I actually took notes, I didn't script this out like my other shows, but there's a lot of notes here. I'm going to kind of rapid fire the pros and the cons, not really in any order.  Let's start with the biggest B for the movie right out of the gates, and that's the aspect ratio of this. I know it's not technically 4x3, it was shot in IMAX or something.  It's unacceptable that in 2021 I have black bars on the side of my goddamn TV screen.  I don't know what happened. What are we doing here? Give me, release the widescreen cut. That's the new hashtag that should be trending, release the widescreen cut. Like I said, this is going to be all over the place. This might not be true, but did Amber Herd's character, Mira, Mira, Myra, did she sound different in this? I feel like she was far more British here than she was in Aquaman. Like I thought she was kind of going for an American accent in Aquaman, maybe not. Maybe I'm completely off base, her voice sounded very jarring here. I don't know why, maybe it was just because other people weren't talking with British accents, just only her for some reason. A big takeaway, Cyborg and Flash are far better. Now in the previous version, I didn't really like Flash. Isra Miller, Isra Miller, I'm a movie person, I'm supposed to know how to pronounce names and I don't. Isra Miller, I don't know. The weirdo from the Fantastic Beasts movies. He was not doing it for me as Flash in the previous iteration, the previous cut. Here I think he worked. I enjoyed my time with him, his jokes landed a lot better for me. He just seemed more personable and I think maybe making him more of a fanboy of Batman helped. I don't remember that in the Weedon version, I mean there really wasn't a lot there to begin with so to be fair. I liked Cyborg too, I was very indifferent to him in the last version because he just didn't have any scenes, he was just kind of there mopey and moody. Here he has way more scenes, he's still mopey and very moody, I don't know if he cracks a single smile in the film. He's understandable considering the trauma he's going through, it's however not the Cyborg I'm used to in my limited knowledge.   I knew the color grading was awful in Just Weedons but it's more than the color grading. Everything about the movie just looks so much cleaner. This is what I love the most about Snyder is his eye for detail, he is just a master when it comes to framing things up, showing what's in front of that lens of the camera, it's awesome, he knocks it out of the park. Now sometimes when he's doing these sweeping wide shots they do look really stunning, they do look great but a lot of the time with his movies I feel like I'm watching actors on a small sound stage, very 300 style. He never really has moved past that to me, it always feels like I'm just watching scenes play out in very small rooms, even though we might have a very expansive backdrop, it just still feels like they're on a green screen in a small little area. Now the big thing he blows most directors out of the water at is action and thankfully this version has far better action scenes, the ones that were previously in it are enhanced, there's more stuff going on. Other women especially early on at that bank, I think there's probably another 30 seconds to a minute of just fighting going on. If we count the slow motion there's another 10 minutes added to each action scene, this is going to be trouble for a lot of people I think, well maybe not a lot, but this is going to be trouble for people because even I watching it, there were some moments where that slow motion goes on for 20 to 30 seconds too long, yeah there's slow motion scenes that are like 2 minutes in length. A flash one specifically where there's a car accident and he runs to save the woman and I'm just like what are we doing here, are we ever going to speed this up, which is ironic because I'm watching the flash. Color grading is on point, it looks beautiful, Batman however, Batman's a problem for me.  The dude has to be at night, maybe in the cartoons it works because it's already a little silly but when you're trying to do something so epic and the scale is so large to see the guy walking around in his dark grey suit, I don't know, nothing about it makes sense.  You just look like a jackass, fighting wise, action wise, he does fare a little better, he still gets his butt kicked a lot, I mean I know he's out of his element, that's the point is he's supposed to be kind of out manned, out gunned, out aliened, however I remember watching the cartoons, the dude still found a way to kick a lot of butts so I don't, he got to figure out Batman, you did him dirty here, character Snyder does I think absolutely get his Superman and again Henry Cavill's awesome, wearing the suit, I feel like he had less screen time here than he did in the other one, that's probably not true but because the movie is so long it takes quite a while for him to show up and it just feels like it's over so quick with him, again it could just be a total mindset thing of just that run time, I just, I thought his stuff was shorter, even the fight scenes with him felt like they were cut down, thankfully they got rid of the dumb ass side family story that Flash has to save, that was miserable, it made no sense, I got what Whedon was trying to do, it didn't work and it just added more of that ugly red hue to everything, that's thankfully gone here, so maybe that's why some of the Superman stuff feels really cut down, if you were looking for him to be like super bad ass evil that, no, basically that exact same scene plays out, most of that felt pretty similar, there was a couple moments that were extended or a couple more shots added but for the most part outside of the coloring it stays the same until Batman shows up, the one line from the 2017 version I did like because it was so freaking campy was when Superman holds up Batman he's like, tell me, do you bleed? and he's got the like the fake mouth, Flash doesn't fall on Wonder Woman's chest this time they got rid of that, the only scene I would say that I was, you know, I felt was actually well done in the previous one was the opening, just a lot of kind of montage eclipses showing how the world is mourning the loss of Superman, how kind of crime is run rampant, how now people are just, they're just in mourning, there's some video footage of the man of steel kind of being heroic and yes it has the bad, bad mouth again, that made sense, I saw what Whedon was doing, he was looking at the past and saying you know what we didn't really get to see Superman at all in the Snyderverse, man of steel was him, you know he's not Superman yet until the way end, he's learning how to kind of deal with everything going out, deal with his powers, try to figure out how to be the beacon of hope and then we get BBS where he's painted as kind of this scary villain, obviously there's a section of people that worship him and love him and he's seen doing some good deeds but that movie is so dark and depressing and somber that you don't get that hope from him, you know, you don't get that kind of classic Superman vibe and so that's a little bit missing here, I felt like the people didn't get to see him as Superman and yeah I think that that Whedon opening number kind of helped guide people there like hey look he actually was Superman for a while, people really loved him, he did a lot of good things. With the runtime pacing is somehow great, I didn't find myself bored at all, I was really into it, like I said I'm starting it again already with the rest of the family, I'm not bored again, I'm enjoying it still just as much, the music though, this is another part that's gonna really kind of I think annoy people, especially on further viewings, they do that gladiator-ass kind of like the chanting nonsensical bullshit and it's rampant in this film, every freaking time Wonder Woman shows up, even if she's just like saying hi, it's like I can't get over how much it's used and I wish there was a way to like go into the settings and just get rid of it, just click a button and turn that garbage off because it overstays its welcome after about an hour in and you still have three more hours of it constantly showing up, which is a shame because it overwhelms really cool scenes, you're like oh she's doing something awesome but your ears are hearing that freaking noise and it's kind of taking you away from it, villain-wise Steppenwolf is ten times better here, when they first released the shot of him in his new armor and it's just spikes and crap everywhere, I'm like oh god what is this, in motion, that suits sweet, that armor is awesome and Steppenwolf is more like humanized in an alien way, like the dude has some depth beyond just I'm gonna take over the world, I'm gonna terraform this planet, no no no no he's trying to impress his boss, dark side, he's got a whole backstory that they don't need to dive too much into, they just give you enough to go on, so you can say okay I get this, this guy you know he wants a seat at the head of the table, he wants to kiss the ring, he's trying to do everything he can to make up the mistakes of the past, so well done there, dark side is more of a tease than an actual villain which is also a bummer because I don't know what the state of the Snyder thing is after this, if he's gonna get to make more of these, personally I'd welcome it at this point I'm all in, there has to be 15 or so of these drop down from high places, land on the knee and get up, I thought we were kind of past this and I know this movie came out a few years ago, it was done a few years ago still, we could have edited a few of these out Snyder, I don't need to see it re-shoot wise I couldn't tell you what's new and what's not outside of just looking at Ben Affleck's face because there are moments where he's pretty bloated up here, other times he's pretty skinny, I think the biggest transition was from meeting Arthur Curry, the Aquaman and then they do a shot where he's kind of boarding a plane with with Jeremy Irons who's in this way more and he's great, Alfred's awesome, especially an interaction between him and Diana when they're making some tea, he's very specific about the tea and it's a funny scene I thought, anyway that was a very jarring difference between Affleck there and it's just much more thin, thin more healthy looking face I thought in this newer, I would assume the newer version, Cal-El, no, he's still in this, why is Batman not wearing his BVS armor when he's when he's reviving Superman, you would think that would kind of be paramount to him staying alive, they know there's a pretty big risk Superman could come out just completely jacked just out of his element pissed and especially at Batman still who he was you know he befriended for all of like three minutes before being killed so I would have thought you know from the master detective the guy that pre-plans everything maybe just throw that armor on maybe maybe be behind some something safe and secure he's just kind of jogs up he's like I'm ready I trust this I have faith you know maybe maybe just do a little more prep next time the movies rated R I think pretty unnecessarily there there's a couple F bombs thrown on I don't know why it just screams of just edginess like Batman throws one out and so does Cyborg earlier and I think that's how you get to the R just for having two F bombs I think that's all the no there's three I think in the whole thing because a bad guy says it earlier I don't think I've given any spoilers out but we're gonna jump into a couple at the end here one is the Martian manhunter stuff I mean man like Snyder this is not this movie is not made for like the vast audience of people and that's fine we know who's watching this is people that at least kind of liked BVS or people that are just curious or demented and just want to suffer through this so it doesn't matter anyways there is clearly an audience so that eats this up so Martian manhunter just kind of thrown in pretending to be uh who do you who do you pretend to be someone Lois Lane I think it was such a random scene and then he's in at the end again talking to Batman and he flies off and I think that's the closing shot of the film such a weird okay here's the thing the movie let me just get this out of the way the movies I really like the movie that was good I didn't love it but I really enjoyed it I thought seven out of ten maybe eight out of ten fun experience it's it's something I could go back and watch every couple years and get enjoyment out of it okay I think I would have given it one or two points more even um I wouldn't give it a nine but I would go a hard eight a solid confident eight out of ten if it wasn't for the last 20 minutes of BVS bullshittery the dialogue that's not really going anywhere but it's over long it's it's padded for no reason Joker's there he still sucks I don't care what people say online Jared Leto is a shit Joker then he's a shit Joker now and he's playing him two completely different ways which makes it all the more hilarious like he got it wrong twice he's just savoring it he's just so up his own ass with the dialogue he's like the throwaway sentence and then he pauses for what has to be a minute he's just I have something so profound to say but I I don't quite know how to express it in words in Suicide Squad he's doing like and I think he realized nobody liked it so he's workshopping in his garage all these different ways to do it I just imagine this playing out and he he sticks with like no that future premonition crap did not work for me in BVS it certainly doesn't work for me now had Snyder just moved all this trash to the end after the credits I wouldn't have even seen it and then the really die hard hardcore BVS guys would be like yes this is leading into injustice or whatever the comic equivalent of injustice is called I only know the video games maybe it is called that I I don't know um there's like Deathstroke shows up on a yacht hosted by Lex Luthor has a drink they have a nice little conversation and they they lead this into question mark as far as I know there's no more Snyder vs movies being made yet we have a full 25 minutes of Lord of the Rings ask endings but at least with Lord of the Rings it's still wrapping up all the stories and the stuff we just watched it's not setting up three or four intricately detailed plots for the next two or three movies why did he do this I put it all at the end credits and I would have left very satisfied it would have been like this was good I don't even know what I'm going to say to the rest of the family when they get there the Zack Snyder Justice League worked and I'm bummed out he didn't get to see this through four years ago but he got it now and I'm happy for him I'm happy for the fans I'm kind of a fan myself um I wish he could continue I wish he would not do this weird shit at the end of his movies that's that's where I'm at


privilege to present. Thank you, John Paul. The President, a lot of important papers crossed my desk. And one of them told me about some teams that are undefeated after seven games in the United States. Required to be President of the United States. Slash inflation by two thirds. Slash the interest rates in half. Since the economic recovery began, we've created over 18 million jobs. They were good jobs. More than three quarters of them are. They're kind of paid better than $20,000 a year. A greater proportion of our potential workforce is employed than ever before in the United States. How does the statisticians look at that? Did you know that the potentially important tool according to them is everyone in the United States 16, 8 years of age, male and female, all the way up? That is my school card. You've got your taxes to let our opponents are in the office. We're going to the polling booth and do some negative campaigning of your own. Say no to new taxes and say yes to the Republican president. George Bush led that task force. You know who led the offensive against drugs smuggling at our borders that just in the past year alone seized a record 70 eyes to strengthen NATO to counter Soviet intermediate-range nuclear missiles? Who did I turn to to do the job? George Bush. Now, today, I don't think I need to review Joe Life, who is more liberal. But we have to give equal time, so here's the response. That it's wrong to use labels because ideology doesn't matter. His or her grandmother, the grandmother will have to be licensed by the federal government. One of the congressional staff members behind that bill was asked by a reporter if this was true. The grandmothers would have to get a federal license to take care of their own grandchildren. And the reply came, yes, of course, it's true. After all, and here's the quote, how else could you design a program that receives federal funds? Oh, nice. But there's more. In this election, one of the candidates believes that no matter how horrible or brutal the crime, he opposes capital punishment. And you ask me, there are no Americans braver and no citizens more precious than the men and women who guard us, our state and local police. George Bush and I stand behind them all. Now, these same liberals say that the only people in the United States who should be permitted to have guns are the military and police officers. Is that what you believe? So on November 8, be sure to go to the polls and vote for George Bush and Dan Quayle. And our NATO allies stood firm in the face of Soviet missiles pointing at the heart of Europe and Asia. And Mrs. Bush says, I'm a Bush law. It's the spirit of the rivers and the spirit of the lakes. Oh, Arkansas. Oh, it's the spirit. The possibility of introducing to you the vigil who has changed the character of the most important values we have in America, that the transmission of values is the single most important objective of the society. It has helped us to understand that we can offer to those who follow us a brighter tomorrow than the day which we have in his way or our way. Ladies and gentlemen, friends of Springfield and the Ozark citizens of Missouri, help me welcome the British side. Our administration set America on the path of what is now the longest peacetime expansion on record. And as we negotiated the first real reduction in U.S. and... Those phones on the other side is not camera angles or lighting. It's not whether their candidate is like it or not. No, it's the very thing they set this campaign trying desperately to hide. Regulations that driven our economy to its knees with a one, two, three combination of inflation, economic stagnation, and unemployment. Well, we turned that around. Since our expansion began, we've created over 18 million new jobs. That is more new jobs than Europe and Japan combined. And their expansion ever recorded. We're exporting more than ever before in our history. And a greater proportion of Americans and a greater number of Americans are at work today than ever before in the history of... In other words, the total population of the United States except those below age 16. Well, today, 62.7% of that total population have jobs. Between 1977 and 1981, I don't know why I picked those years, the real income of the typical American family dropped 7%. We're reaching for the senator. But from the economy to national defense, they've taken positions only in the government and a new warmth and relations, not through weakness, but through our policy of peace through strength. You think our liberal friends will go, this is our strategic defense against ballistic missiles? We would have to get rid of two carrier battle groups in the Navy. What they plan for the Navy is so bad that by the time they get through, Michael may have to roll the boat ashore. It's the more government and more spending and who have never let the taxpayers' dollars out on furlough. In the hands of those who criticized our rescue mission in Grenada and our strike on Libya and who always, always blame America first. Do you want the liberals in control in Russia? We've accomplished much these last eight years, but we could have accomplished even more, including, I believe, balancing the budget. If both houses of Congress had been friendly, ours is a system of... We don't want a president who would raise taxes while at the Congress that would. We don't want a big-spending president. Why should we want a big-spending Congress? Especially its liberal leadership in Congress, an old label on a new and very different package. But you know something? The party of Harry Truman couldn't be killed. Harry Truman's party believed in working Americans and in keeping Americans defensive strong, and yes, in one nation under God.


Let's talk about this thing called metabolism. I remember being told in medical school that metabolism was the sum total of all of the chemical reactions in the human body, but I never actually knew what that meant. So I like to think of metabolism as kind of like the balance in the body between the reactions that build things up, and another way of saying that is anabolism, and on the other side of the scale the reactions that break things down, and the medical way of saying that is catabolism or catabolism. So metabolism is kind of the balance between building things up or repairing or storing inside the body and breaking things down usually for energy needs. So how are the things that we eat broken down for energy or stored within the body? Let's start by looking at carbohydrates. So we eat our carbohydrates and they are in the form of starches or sugars, and we saw in our last video that those could get broken down into their kind of component parts, and the major component or the major single unit currency of carbohydrates is called glucose, and that glucose, and this is very big picture, can get broken down further into a compound called pyruvate, and the pyruvate then gets broken down into a very important molecule that's kind of the center of making energy in the body, and that molecule is called acetyl-CoA. Now I think of acetyl-CoA kind of like a little, one of those little trampolines you see in the gym, and basically acetyl-CoA can be moved around to different parts, we'll put the trampoline there, and then we'll put it over there, and then we'll put it over there, and basically different chemicals bounce on and off of that little portable trampoline as they're going around this cycle, and this cycle is called the TCA cycle, that stands for tricarboxylic acid cycle, or it's sometimes called the Krebs cycle, but essentially what you need to know about this cycle is that as the acetyl-CoA moves around the cycle to form all of these slightly different compounds, things are bounced off, and the things that are bounced off are these high energy carriers, I'll just write high energy carriers. What happens to the high energy carriers next is that they basically bounce down a staircase called the electron transport chain, and as they go down that staircase they give off a chemical called ATP, and ATP is the currency of energy in the human body, so ATP is the same as energy in the human body. Now just to add some detail here, water is also given off, and I'll write the chemical formula for water which is H2O, and in order for this cycle, this TCA cycle to move around, oxygen is required, and carbon dioxide, CO2, and water again are given off. Oxygen is also necessary for this step to happen, and this is really neat because this is essentially the reason why we need to breathe. Now let's look at what happens to the protein that's in our diet, so protein was one of the three macronutrients that we looked at in the last video, and the proteins in our diet are broken down by our digestive tract, as we saw, into unit parts called amino acids, amino acids, and depending on what kind of amino acid you're looking at, the amino acid can either enter the system here at this level or it can enter here, depending on which kind of amino acid it is, and when the amino acid makes this transition, something is given off, and that something is the amino group, so the amino group or the amine is given off, and that amine becomes one of the waste products in our urine, so that's how we get rid of those amine groups. Let's look now at what happens to the fats that we eat in our diet, so fats basically are made up of a little glycerol backbone, so I'm going to write here glycerol, and long chains of what we call fatty acids, there are three of them attached to each glycerol backbone, and what happens when the body needs to use those for energy is that it breaks them down into units of two carbons each, and I'll write here fatty acids, and those two carbon units can only enter this system over here at the level of acetyl-CoA, whereas this small glycerol backbone goes in over here, so those are the breaking down reactions, that's this side of the equation of metabolism, but what about the building up reactions? Well the amino acids that come from the protein in our diet can be used to make things like muscle and other lean tissue in our bodies, they can be used for repair, they can be used as protein carriers in our blood, and the carbohydrate that we eat and the glucose in our body can also be stored as something called glycogen, which is the storage form of carbohydrate in our bodies. The fats that we've eaten, if there are too many of those in our diet, they can also be stored as adipose tissue, so they're put back together and stored in our body, and the balance between the breaking down reactions or the catabolic reactions and the building up reactions, the balance is controlled by hormones in our body, so there are several hormones that lead to breaking down of tissues, things like glucagon leads to the breakdown of the stores of glycogen in our body, other hormones are the kind of fight or flight hormones, epinephrine is one of them, and glucocorticoids, these are sort of the stress hormones in our body, and these guys all favor the breaking down or catabolism of the tissues. The hormones that lead to the building up or anabolism in our bodies, the major one is insulin, I'm sure you've all heard of it, insulin leads to storage or things being put away, there's also a part to be played by the sex hormones or the sex steroids, and then there are some hormones that are anabolic or favor the building up of proteins, and those are the hormones thyroxin, growth hormone, I'll just write GH, those guys favor the anabolism or the building up of protein stores, so protein synthesis is favored by these guys, but they also work on this side, they favor the breakdown of fats and carbohydrate stores, thyroxin and GH growth hormone, those guys favor the breaking down of our fat and carbohydrate stores. The last thing I want to add here is that some of these reactions are reversible, so glucose going to pyruvate can be reversed, it can go back up in the other direction, and that's how we can make glycogen from let's say these amino acids that make pyruvate, this kind of amino acid can be used to make glycogen, the backbone of the fatty acids called glycerol could be used to make glycogen or to make glucose to feed the brain, but this reaction, this particular one here is an irreversible one-way reaction, so that means that fatty acids can never go up to make pyruvate and be used as glucose for the brain or they can never be used to replenish glycogen stores in the body, and another important thing that we have to understand is that this cycle will only go around if ATP is needed by the body, so if we're using energy, we're doing exercise, we're demanding ATP and energy from our system, then this cycle will continue going around, but if we don't, let's say we're sedentary and we don't use energy, then acetyl-CoA is going to build up and it's going to favor the return in this direction towards adipose tissue. This is how excess carbohydrate, if it's taken in in the diet, can lead to excess adipose tissue, excess fat, if we eat too much fat in our diet, that can lead to adipose tissue and even if we eat too much protein, it'll just be deaminated and converted to acetyl-CoA, which can be converted to adipose tissue.