Welcome to the panel that I think probably is one of the biggest questions for a lot of companies and investors going forward private equities role in high emitting assets in particular when companies would like to reduce their emissions profile when they just truncate a particular business and sell it off to a private equity firm to make themselves look better. Is this greenwashing or is this moving toward a better future. I am so glad to introduce an incredible panel that we have for us today. I'm Lisa Brahmoytz with Bloomberg Television. First I want to just welcome you. Hi, Banga is joining us. He is a partner at CDR which is a private equity firm after 33 years at Unilever focused on sustainability. Cyrus Tapuera Vela with the president and chief executive officer of State Street global advisors a very vocal in trying to get to the bottom of how we can more accurately assess emissions as well as how to grapple with them as we face the climate challenges. And Robert Eccles, he is a professor of management practice at Said Business School at the University of Oxford. Formerly a longtime Harvard University professor and an incredible deadweight lifter as we were just learning. Thank you all so much for being with us. I want to start just by painting the picture of why private equity firms have such a key role in accessing high emitting assets from other companies. Cyrus, can you lay the scene for us? Thank you, Lisa. So I understand why this phenomenon is happening. I guess it's right to start with why are there sellers? The reason there are sellers is quite simple. You have publicly traded companies who are facing a lot of pressure from their shareholders in terms of reputation, their ESG scores, the need for disclosure and the cost of disclosure, and ultimately a higher cost of capital. So what these companies are doing, some of these companies are doing, is taking these away out, which is what I affectionately call brown spinning, a different version of green washing, which is, let me just get rid of this asset, let me get it off my balance sheet, let me sell it to somebody else, and that's where the private equity investors come in. There are many private equity investors who look at these assets and see an attractive rate of return. And the irony here, Lisa, is that when these assets get sold from publicly traded companies to private equity owner, real emissions remain constant, or in some cases may even increase depending on the type of owner. Here's an amazing set of statistics. So there was an analysis done recently of data disclosed to the EPA that suggests that today several private equity firms are amongst the top 10 methane emitters in America. Despite the fact that in terms of production, they're much smaller than some of the well-known fossil fuel heavyweights and giants. This was a study done by Ceres in partnership with the Clean Air Task Force. The 195 smallest producers were responsible for 22% of the total emissions. So that's the punchline. Why does this happen? You have publicly traded companies with a different set of pressures, and you have private equity owners who see an attractive rate of return, who don't have the same pressures, whether it's disclosure as a cost of capital, and there's a market being made here of brownspin. So, Professor Eccles, Bob, I'd love your take on whether this is private equity firms looking to make a quick buck in terms of picking up distressed assets at cheaper prices at a time when we still need carbon emitting types of businesses and industries, or is this something more that perhaps private equity firms are taking more of a role of dealing with and trying to figure out how to create a better and more sustainable vision for these businesses? It's a good question. I think you can go both ways.  The holding period is fairly long. So this could be a place where these assets get cleaned up. I think there's a couple of things that need to happen for that to take place. Number one, Ceres mentioned the problem of data. So you need standards on carbon reporting. You know, I'm doing this big study of private equity. I've talked about 70 GPs and LPs, and it's admittedly the largest LPs, some of the more sophisticated GPs. And everybody talks about two things, carbon and DENI. Some have more carbon data than others, but you see that there's an inclination to recognize that they need to be responsible for this. But I think what you also need to have is pressure from the LPs who give these GPs their money. So if all the LPs are focused on is just the pure financial returns and not expressing concern about what the carbon emissions are that are being produced as these returns are being generated, then there's an incentive problem. And so what you see happening with the LPs is they're starting to evaluate their GPs around their policies. Ideally, you'd be evaluating them in terms of data, and I can't talk about who they are, but there's two exciting initiatives going on out there to try and address this problem to basically create a platform by which portfolio companies and private equity firms could be reporting on carbon, and a few other key ESG topics that would be made available to the GPs would go into database to be benchmarked and would be made available to the LPs. So if you could get that kind of transparency in the private markets like we're getting the transparency that Cyrus talked about in the public markets, I think it would be a big deal. So, Cyrus, I know you want to weigh in on some of the surveillance and oversight, but, Vindi, as the representative of private equity voice here, I do want to get you in here because there is a question about how private equity firms are positioning themselves in some of the internal turmoil of how to be sustainable while also dealing with businesses that perhaps have grown outdated based on the sort of carbon emissions. What's your sense of how well private equity firms are doing, albeit not yours because you don't invest in these assets, in terms of being a good actor in this space? Look, what I would say is this, private equity is on a journey. And actually, that's pretty much what public companies also are on in this whole space. So it's not just private equity which can be singled out for not having adequate information, disclosure, and so on and so forth. This is all a recent, let's say, in the last three or four years, suddenly everyone's got really concerned with carbon. And I think one of the reasons for that is that we've started seeing a lot of these personal climatic issues.  So it's suddenly become real. And I think that is adding to the pressure on public companies which are regulated. So there's a regulatory pressure for disclosure. Private equity companies are not regulated to disclose thus far. But what Bob just said is very, very much true. Listen, our limited partners, our LPs, are really keen on understanding what private equity firms are doing in the whole space of sustainability. So I think this journey is going to move very fast. I'd just like to pick up one other thing that Cyrus began with and the point about putting these assets out of public disclosure, so to speak, so that private equity firms can make a good return. If that is happening, and I'm sure he has seen that, it's something that's not going to last very long. And let me explain why. See, private equity firms make money, of course, from the cash flow, but they make money on the way out when they sell those assets to another party. Now that buyer of a private equity asset is an intelligent buyer. It's either the public markets or it's another private equity firm or whatever. And if in five years, the carbon situation of that asset has further deteriorated, I think we would have to think very hard about what the actual returns might be. So if this is happening, I would argue this will not last very long. Cyrus. So Mammy's point about the industry is changing. It's changing very fast. You talked to these people five years ago. It was this kabuki dance, ESGDDQs, and nobody cared about it. The last two years, people are getting serious. His point on exit is absolutely right. The other point I'd make is as an industry, private equity that says we're not going to invest in these high emitting assets. That's a little bit like public companies doing what Cyrus was talking about. Oh, we're going to be net zero. We're going to sell this stuff. I don't get it, right? That's being irresponsible. Someone's going to hold those assets. The industry's got $7 trillion in a human. It's got $3 trillion in dry powder. It's a huge industry now. And I think private equity needs to step up. Cyrus, I know you want to weigh in. Go ahead. Lisa, I want to build on Bob and Vin these points, which is, I think when we talk about private equity, we're making it sound like one homogenous group, and it absolutely isn't. There are asset owners who invest directly in private equity. Think the large Canadian pensions. There are very forward, thoughtful private equity firms as GPs. There are lots of what I'll call mid and smaller private equity firms who I would argue are much further behind on this journey, some of whom may not care to ever get on the journey. But I do agree with Vin that it's not like all of private equity investors don't care. But there's a significant enough group of the small to mid-sized who I would argue are most active in this space. And Cyrus, to your point, I mean, there was this recent study that came out today from the APEX group that showed that 21% of almost 400 private equity firm members who were interviewed say that climate change is incredibly important, is an imminent danger to all of us. And yet less than half, fewer than half of these people who are surveyed actually disclose or even have a tracking mechanism for emissions. This really raises a question about surveillance, about oversight, about quantifying what we're looking at. And I'm wondering, you know, Vin, I would like to go to you because you were saying that they will be good actors because otherwise it won't be profitable. Well, how are we seeing that reflected in actions when you see this disconnect in terms of measurement? Well, I think one of the things is there is, to Cyrus's point, perhaps a mental block with some private equity firms, because they think of themselves as transitional owners. They're owners of an asset for a five, six, seven year time period. Actually, and they think, hang on, climate change is a very, very long-term issue. It's a big problem. What can we do in five or six years? Most people are making commitments about 10 years down, 15 years down, 30 years down. Actually, the click, the real switch is that when a private equity firm buys a business, it inherits a certain level of growth and margin. And inherently, typically it tries to improve that. That's how it creates value. In the same way, if it inherits a certain ESG or carbon footprint, and in five years time, it's taken actions to reduce that, it will create value. And I think that is increasingly being perceived by certainly many private equity firms. They're beginning to think like this. And if they can make that journey in five years, look at it this way. If that capital goes somewhere else after every five years, private equity could have a pretty important revolving impact on these assets all over the world, on carbon emissions all over the world. So Bob, in addition to being an incredible deadlifting champion and having a long history with that, you also are considered the foremost expert in integrated reporting, a leader in this area, how companies track sustainability. Do you think that private equity firms are doing their best or moving at the pace that they should be in order to accurately report and assess some of their emissions profile? So the leaders are, you know, the laggards aren't. I mean, Cyrus' point about, you know, it's not a homogeneous group, I think is accurate. Just to kind of emphasize a point, Vinnie made, I think that the private equity model doesn't sort of integrate ESG's big part of its core proposition, the way it's happened in public equities. This business model can't survive and continue to generate the returns that it has in the past. On the specific point around reporting, one thing we haven't talked about that's important is there are things called regulations. So the SEC hasn't taken off the table that, you know, the rulemaking that they're doing on climate disclosure wouldn't apply to private companies, unlikely, but they could say this. What is clear is that in the EU, the CSRD, the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive, that's not public private. That's basically based on size. So if you are a portfolio company or just a private company, not in a private equity firm, the CSRD is going to apply to you. It's going to cover 50,000 companies. So you're going to start to see, I think, regulations that are going to be putting basically requirements on private company, including those owned by private equity firms to start disclosing on carbon. One thing that's been interesting in the study we're doing, kind of a surprise to me, is that when you talk to the GPs, they're evaluating the portfolio companies that they're thinking about investing in around different sort of scales of maturity. The private companies are going to them saying, not only do we need your capital, we know we need to deal with this. We know we need to deal with carbon. We need to know we need to deal with DNI. The GPs have got the capabilities and the capacity to help them do that. Ten years ago, I don't think that was the case. The millennials, all the things we know about, there's pressure on the private companies themselves that I think, you know, create an opportunity for the GPs to help them, you know, kind of raise their game. Well, and this brings me to Cyrus. I mean, you're the president and CEO of State Street Global Investors, nearly $4 trillion of assets under management, and you are becoming one of the more vocal members in this disparity between some of these assets moving to the private sector. How does your interest sort of play out in terms of how you're sort of affecting the scenario as an investor of a lot of passive assets? Index and active assets. And I think it starts with this notion that if publicly traded companies are trying to get things off their balance sheets at any cost, then you're actually, they are destroying value for my underlying investors. That starts for us. It's about the value that we believe and to build on Vinthy's point. We believe that there is a broad spectrum. I think we have to think about this problem as something that we're all going to be living with and using fossil fuels for many, many years to come, like it or not. We've got to get away from this binary brown versus green. Again, to build on Vinthy's point, there are shades of brown. And I agree with, I think there's actually probably more value to be created by going from dark brown to lighter shades of brown and necessarily just the green to brown, the brown to green and one felt smooth. So we think it's about building a universal level of disclosure and reporting that is used as Bob described in the EU for all assets regardless of private versus public and then measuring and holding whether it's publicly traded managers who trade in publicly traded securities or GPs to the same standard, which is something asset owners can do and should do. And this raises a really interesting question for Vinthy. I mean, given the fact that there is a reputational risk for private equity firms, especially with their increasingly sophisticated investors, if you take on some of these very brown or dark brown types of companies to use Cyrus's lingo, that sort of maybe discourages them, but given your focus and sustainability during your time with Unilever and beyond, this is an incredibly important role to actually deal with the assets that currently exist. So how should a private equity company go about maneuvering this potentially reputational hazard? Well, look, I think that actually private equity is quite ideally suited to manage businesses that require a technology transition. And that's what we're discussing here. If there are businesses, for example, which need to go through a technology transition from high carbon to a low carbon technology, then it's pretty hard to do that in the public markets because transitions like that are costly, they're volatile, sometimes they're double running costs, and it's very hard to carry your investors with you through that kind of journey in the glare of the public markets with quarterly reporting. On the other hand, private equity actually could take more purposeful action and drive that change, the transformational change, more appropriately in that space. So it is possible. And I think that is a role it could certainly play. I'd like to pick up this point about reputational risk and value for a second. You know, we're at the stage today when a quote-unquote bad actor is penalized very heavily on value right now. Look at what happened to the stock price of Rio Tinto. So bad actors, for whatever reason, mistakes are made, the penalty is very high. I think we are at the beginning of the stage where good actors will get rewarded for good action on ESJ and all these things. We're at the beginning of that stage. But I'm very confident it will come and companies will get a higher embedded premium multiple for being good players. They will get that. So it brings me to a point, Bob, that you were talking about earlier, when you were talking about visibility and the role of regulations and the fact that there are some potential discussions about having similar regulations for the private sector as there are for private companies. Do you think that that's the way to go or do you think that Divindi's point really could be a market-based solution because of the sophistication of some of the end investors? So I think you need both. I mean, I'm all for having regulation on private companies for carbon and, you know, the big universal owners. I think Cyrus might agree. I'll let him speak for himself, the big asset owners, because all that carbon's going out there in the air and it adds up. And because of the size of the industry, as I indicated, I think they want to know what it is and they want to have it. It's important, you know, kind of comparable metrics. So you need to have standards. I think the big advantage the private equity has that Divindi was talking about, it just goes back to the basic model. They control the asset. They can easily get rid of the CEO if he or she isn't doing a good job. They pick the board. Look at what engine number one went through to get three people on the board of ExxonMobil, you know, State Street and other supporters. I think that's great. You've got in private equity a business model that enables you to do the transformation Divindi was talking about. If they had the data, they had the standards and they had the tools and they have the incentives with, you know, the LPs, as we were talking about being an important part of it. Theses of this article that I'm writing based on this research is that actually private equity, it may sound funny to those who think that the Gordon Gekos of the world, they can jump public equities in terms of sustainability, including carbon. So Bob, just to follow up on that, the path from being responsible to being the most profitable or actually being the most financially successful, is that already a drawn line or is that something that has to continue with the evolution of ESG standards in the broader investment community? So I'm not sure when you say a drawn line. What do you mean by that? Well, basically, is that already a given in terms of this direct line from acting responsibly and being the most profitable or is that something that has to come with time as, you know, we sort of adapt to a more sustainable investing framework, more broadly globally? You know, I don't understand. Yeah, I think the narrative is pretty much accepted.  But no, I mean, the big investors get it.  What they're looking for is clear views on materiality and they're looking for better information, just like we've got standards for accounting information for financial information. For people to do a better job of ESG integration for constructing passive products, they need better information. And that's why I think having a global standard for carbon is a really important place to start because if you don't have the right information, it's hard to make those investment decisions. But, you know, people don't see this as a trade-off anymore.  I mainly focus and invest in the publicly traded markets and I would tell you it's come a very long way, certainly on the equity side. We're not there, we're not home yet. It is a journey, but we are way, way further along on equities and I'm quickly catching up on debt. I would say, particularly on the private side, it's still a mixed bag. Again, I think the players we're talking to today, as well as the folks who Bob is probably engaging with for his research, tend to be at the larger end who tends to be at the more enlightened end of the spectrum and do continue to worry about a mid and small-sized private equity folks who don't have the same motivations where, you know, arguably, if they can pick up these brown-spun assets of the right distressed prices, they don't even need to have an exit per se. The exit may just be running it in a fairly polluting way for the next five or 10 or 15 years and getting your money back and then some just in the course of that lifespan. Ultimately, I believe that change will come, but, you know, we don't have the luxury of time here, so we do need to make sure everybody gets on board on this sooner rather than later. Cyrus, what was the response like to your Financial Times article? A lot of folks wrote to me and said, gee, I hadn't thought about this. I think people have been so focused on the greenwashing aspect that this brown-spinning aspect that's been a little bit under the surface here. In fact, all that folks have looked at is, oh, good, my publicly traded portfolio is looking better and better. And I think until asset owners start using this integrated, it doesn't matter if it's my private portfolio, my public portfolio. Here is my entire portfolio and here are the emissions of it. I think we still have a ways to go here. Elizabeth, just real quick. I mean, with Cyrus, he put his finger on a really important point. We need to think about transition financing. You can't spend your way to green. Everything can't go into an article later, an article-mind fund. I mean, it looks good.  You feel good about yourself. There's all these, you know, dark and brown assets that they need to transition and we need to make that a respectable thing to do and we need to have the tools to do it. We need to have stewardship. We need to have data. And people are ducking that issue when it comes to the SDGs. They're ducking at big time. When you say ducking, who are you talking about? Are they the private equity firms? Are they regulators? Who? I think it's the regulators. I mean, the EU taxonomy doesn't really have much to say in my point of view around, you know, okay, there's an article later, an article-mind, these are sort of good funds. I think a lot of the, any investor that's basically going down the divestment path to get to net zero, I think they're ducking it as well. I think the exclusion that people are doing in a variety of industries, you know, the normal-send stocks and oil and gas, I don't think that helps very much because you can clean up your own portfolio if you're small enough, but you're just passing the problem on to someone else. That's another public, you know, it's another public firm. It's a private equity firm. And I think people need to kind of set back and say, you know, are they really, do they really understand what they're doing at a system level? Because that's what the big asset managers like State Street and the big pension funds care about. Vindi, from your perspective, having spent 33 years at Unilever, having really run the sustainability effort there, then going to the private equity firm where you currently sit, what was your sense of the biggest misconception of how private equity operates and what would you like to see in terms of coverage from regulators in order not to necessarily face potential reputational damage to do the dirty work that needs to get done? You know, I think first of all, at the point I'd like to make is that our investors are limited partners. They really get this. I take so many calls from them and these are detailed calls. They really want to understand what are we doing as a firm? What are we doing in our portfolio of companies? They're really interested. And by the way, they're also learning. They're also learning how to measure. So this is a really complicated problem. This is not a simple problem. I mean, Bob touched upon it earlier about metrics. There isn't a standard methodology around the world. So, you know, and yet when you want to measure these, these are companies that are operating across geographies. Most of them are international companies. So this problem has to be really tackled step by step. It's a journey. I think there's enough. I feel there's enough push from the investors. They're the key here. There's enough push from the investors to actually drive this. What we need to do, every player in this needs to do his or her bit. You know, I'll give you one anecdote. So in Unilever, 15 years ago, we looked at the impact of the company on the environment. And this was done at actually at the World Economic Forum and it was done across the FMCG industries. And what we found was that only 2% of the impact on the environment happened within the company's factories. And 50% happened in the supply chain and the balance happened in the front end when the consumer used energy to use our products. Wow. So when you think about that suddenly, well, actually if you reduce carbon in your factories, you're only solving a very tiny part of the problem. You've got to work right through the whole supply chain, which means you need to partner with everyone in your value chain. So I think metrics are an important part. Partnership is a really important part here. Thank you to all of you. Unfortunately, we could continue for another hour or more. This is such a complicated issue. You distilled it all perfectly. I just want to thank the panelists, Cyrus, Bob and Vindi, all for taking the time. We really appreciate it. Everyone can share their feelings, thoughts, impressions on social media or as well as the top link. There also will be additional programming there. Thank you so much and have a wonderful day.


In this paper, we explore several families of asymmetric divergences, including alpha-dash, beta-dash, and gamma-divergences. These divergences are related through nonlinear transformations, allowing us to generate new divergences from existing ones. Additionally, we demonstrate how these divergences can be used to measure the similarity between two probability distributions. Finally, we show that these divergences can be interpreted as measures of information theory, providing insight into their applications. This article was authored by Andrei Chihaki and Shanichi Amari.


Pat Novak for hire that's what the sign out in front of my office says Pat Novak for hire Down on the waterfront in San Francisco Billing doesn't mean much Everybody's got the same act. They're all out to turn a fast buck when you're in business down here everything But murder is a parlor trick Once in a while your eyelids get sore from winking it too much, but it's a living You get to meet the best people in town There's only one hooker you'll have to wake up some morning dead Because around the waterfront you don't need a union card for trouble It sneaks up and pause you like a wet ghost I Found that out when I met Bruno's wife. I Closed up early Tuesday night and I went home to catch up on last month's sleep. I Don't know how long I was in bed Must have been about 11 when I woke up The room was dark and as stale as last year's Christmas candy. I had that goofy feeling that Somebody was in the room with me. I Was breathing kind of hard and I stopped to have a listen Somebody was sitting on my bed either that or the landlord had put in a neck. Oh, I listened again Hello Novak, you're mixed up friend. I pay the rent here get your hands away from the light Novak Just be a good boy and you can collect your old-age pension.  Don't get jumpy mister When your eyes get used to the dark you're gonna see a gun about the foot away from your nostrils. I Want the keys to your boat Novak get them in the morning at 25 bucks a smell. I want them now Just tell me where they are. I'll do the rest. Don't get big hearted I Don't want cheddar and cocktails.  That's the boy you get it back by noon tomorrow Is the boat keys? two of them are The rest open the front door of the u.s. Mint. Sorry. I can't stay around Novak. He's selling like a card Sleep tight Novak. This will have to do for a lullaby He didn't even give me time to pick a dream I Stretched out on the floor as dead as a Philadelphia nightclub. I Don't know how long I stayed out of the ballgame Must have been a couple of hours because when the phone rang it was past midnight. I Reached over to pick it up But my hands were as steady as a maple leaf in a hurricane and my head was big enough to sell with a pound I Finally found it in the dark and started talking Hello Sure It's a sedative. What's on your mind one of your boats just Guess what? I don't have to it smashed up and you want to offer me 50 bucks salvage That's right. No back. You're psychic. I'm a patsy. You mean Some guns will bar the boat a couple of hours ago came in here told me a bedtime story and took the keys You better hop right down here. It'll keep Joe. No, I won't hurry up or you'll run at that heat with homicide There's that that guy in the boat. It must be my playmate. I Don't know I didn't say but you better grab a cabin get on down here There's gonna be a lot of questions sure if you meet any good answers save a couple for me From now on there was no waste motion. I knew that if homicide was on the case that meant Inspector Hellman He's a real nice guy if you like his type. I Had to do something soon if I didn't I'd have about as much chance as a pound of liver at a cat show So I jumped into some clothes and I was starting out of the apartment when I missed my wallet The keys were attached and that gunsled had taken the whole works. I Began to get mad for 70 bucks. You can get a scotch hangover instead of the kind I had And if you're lucky a couple of good memories So when I drew up at pier 19, it didn't look like the sunny side of the street Joe Powers was waiting for me You got the first round that's a homicide hasn't showed yet full of luck tonight. Where's the boat? All right over here Lots of fog tonight on Joe. You're walking on it Well, that is How's your insurance patsy? All right except I'm not carrying any on that dead guy. Who is he Joe? I don't know. He's your passenger you roll him. All right. Give me a hand. No push him over on the other side Well, you're so I can get in the pocket. He's the same guy that took the keys. I don't know if he is he never looked lovelier Nothing in this pocket This one's empty except for a comb He sure spent my 70 bucks in a hurry must have thrown in the wallet for a nightcap No identification we should have bought a scorecard Hey Hey here on the floor. It's a key. Let me see that Joe Room 425 Royal Arms Hotel. Where is it? That's a dive down on Turk Street Well, say hello to homicide for me. Oh, you're not bright tonight.  They'll pick me up faster than a gin fizz. What am I gonna tell them anything? You like Joe shift into freewheeling and let them follow, but I'm not gonna hang around for a pinch I'm one boat and 70 bucks short. Tell it to homicide. I don't like manual labor that much. See you later I started for the Royal Arms Hotel and on the way I picked up the only honest guy I know a bottle baby by the name of Jaco Madigan He's a good man except he thinks it's a waste of the taxpayers money to put alcohol and torpedoes. I Halled him out of the hunt room bar and we walked down the street to the Royal Arms Hotel It was the perfect spot for a missionary the lobby looked like the first act of rain There was a pinball machine in one corner a couple of last year's girls in this year's slacks and a blurry-eyed little night clerk It looked like a well-groomed laundry bag. He gave us the fish eye as we started upstairs Groom 425 was down at the end of the hall Chocolate in care if we ever got there Patsy we have no business coming up here. We're in search of fools gold or in search of my 70 bucks Exactly.  Yeah, all right. Here it is 425 Nobody home. Let's go in. It's house breaking now. Look Chaco. I want my 70 bucks. I'm going in Patsy sometimes you terrify me. I think you'd pick the lock to the gates of heaven I would if they had my 70 bucks.  We won't hurt his feelings We'll just snows around a minute and get up There was a pretty room if you like dead women on your rugs She was stretched out in a pale yellow dressing gown as quiet as an April morning and twice as pretty A dull red scar ran across her temple where somebody had laid an iron shovel She didn't belong in this hotel because she was wearing a necklace and a bracelet that left a gap in somebody's pocket And from the ringside she looked all right Chaco noticed it too. She has lots of character. Yeah, but where's my 70 bucks? She's a nightclub dancer.  Where does he fit in? Listen to that one Novak. Oh, Helman. What happened to the girl? She died laughing at you. It's Rita Malloy a piece of change from the El Palatel Got a hat Novak. No, then you're all ready. Come on.  You're still eligible Novak on your way down.   I'll try. Well, that's what Furpo said So I don't look good on this one. I'll look worse if I leave it up to you You couldn't find a hang nail if you knew what hand it was on you got 24 hours Novak I'm gonna piece things together and then I'm gonna make a pinch pick out a soft spot. Yeah. Yeah Stay near the phone. If it rings and a man answers that'll be homicide. Good night Hellman was right. I looked like a sure bet for the rotor-grover section. I Was beginning to run out of silver linings and I knew it. I Didn't have an answer for anything The guy in the boat was still a stranger and Rita Malloy was still dead. I Was sitting in the middle of a high-stake game with a pair of trays When we left the hotel room, I had the funny feeling that there was something wrong back there I Didn't know what I just knew there was something wrong the way you feel when you pick up the wrong hat and put it on The position of the body those pictures on the desk. I didn't know but there was one detail. It didn't set, right? Well, I told Jaco to hang around headquarters and I started for the El Palateo Was like all the rest a little melancholy bar on Mason a firetrap with a cover charge The decor looked like early Franco. The floor show was on as I fought my way up to the bar Excuse me, please. I'm sorry lady Can I get through here, please? How about a drink? What do you want Scotch soda water water? You got a nice club here 80 cents too bad about Rita Malloy You don't seem heartbroken about it.  Oh How many Ryan? You own the club a piece of it. My name is Novak.  Novak I don't that's why I came down here to find out which one of your people killed her I see she was mixed up to her ears with some thick hoodlum you mr.  Well, so am I getting out of a murder rap. You knew her Ryan In fact, I got an idea you knew her pretty well Let's not talk that way about the dead your picture splattered all over her apartment. Were you engaged to her? That's one way of putting it.   I don't need an alibi. She was a friend of mine That's why you need one people just hate their enemies, but they kill their friends You better stay out of the public library Patsy. You're not smart enough to understand epigrams I'm smart enough to find out where you were from 10 o'clock until midnight.  We won for profit I didn't get much out of the doorman. He wanted a first mortgage to talk, but one of the bus boys opened up He told me that Ryan and the girl had brawl the night before Also that Ryan left the club for about an hour tonight Now I put him on the list anyway But it began to look more and more like a one-horse race I Like got one other lead a clarinet player in the band wanted to harmonize with Rita Malloy, but There wasn't much else to go on And then I spotted the gal who had taken Rita Malloy's job in the show She was just finishing her number and so I followed her back to a dressing room And she opened the door I got a nice warm feeling like a melted cheese sandwich and I was looking around for a rope to hang on She was pretty When she said hello, you knew it was time to send in the varsity Good evening for some people you mind if I come in it's late in the season. I can't be choosing I'm Pat Novak. I'm Tony Drake. What do I do tremble talk mostly? Did you know Rita Malloy around here?  I just want to know who killed her you got any ideas. Nope. How about your boss? Maybe she was getting a little frayed around the edges. How's his temper? No worse than a cobra's He might have done it, but I doubt it Anybody else? It was putting in a little overtime with a thug not a big porky guy with a deep voice I never saw him. I just heard that he was trying Must have been quite a line Anybody else? How about that clarinet player? No play. He was just a salmon swimming upstream. I See don't do me a favor. Will you Tony? All right You only get one so make it a good one They're tailoring me for a trip over the hill unless I show up with a fistful of answers Now can you give me a list of all our Rita Malloy's friends? I can write them all down on a piece of confetti I mean everybody close to her the people around the club here the people on the outside I'll pick it up in a half hour. It's your apartment At my apartment? Yeah, it's your apartment. All right. Don't get sore I was just inquiring not complaining. All right. One other thing angel. Yes, patsy. Don't forget to put yourself on that list be seeing you Well, it was good to get out of there when she started walking towards you You felt like a shovel full of scrap iron and a Pittsburgh blast furnace But I called up jocco at headquarters. He didn't seem to be worried about me. He was thirsty The guy on the boat hadn't been identified yet The coroner said he died of severe bruises and that Rita Malloy checked out with a fractured skull I gave jocco tony drake's number and I started for her apartment I couldn't have done better with a laden's lamp. She had the list and a bottle on hand I went over the list with her and then it turned out she had insomnia The radio was turned down to room temperature I was working on my fifth drink when the phone rang Let it ring patsy I better get it, baby. I think you're a sissy. No prison power wouldn't look good on me Hello Yeah, are you busy? Oh depends on your point of view. What's up? I'm not tearing you away from that list of suspects. Let's have it jocco Uh, they just identified the dead guy on your boat. His name is bruno swiss He's wanted in miami florida. He's a hired gunman. Good now jump over and see paul stangle at the conical morgue. I already have There's no tie up between bruno swiss and Rita Malloy There's gotta be those two killings are tied up like ham and eggs Helman just got a report from the harbor patrol They found a boy knocked out of your boat did it and bruno got killed in the crash What does that do to things? That fires them enormously. This way you're going to hang for only one murder. Good night lover I knew jocco was right Helman could rig me as long as he had only one case to work on. He's a single celled animal and this was just about big enough to fit into his brain Well, I left Tony's apartment and I walked over to the al palatel Must have been about four o'clock in the morning. It was still dark enough for me to kick in a back window without being seen I headed straight for mani ryan's office and I started going through his stuff It was like trying to separate a ton of salt and sugar dumped in the same bin I went through most of the drawers and then the last one. I got ahold of something I grabbed the phone on ryan's desk and I called helman. I wasn't sure but I figured he could try this one on for size anyway Give me helman and homicide They must have put their best men on his trail because they found him inside a half hour Hello Novak. I'm in mani ryan's office. He owns the al palatel. I just rifled his desk It's a minor offense for you I got ahold of last month's phone bill. Guess what? It's too high The office put through two calls to key west florida the last part of this month Bruno's vice hired out as a gunman san francisco is a long way from home plate That means somebody sent for him and you're trying to put the finger on mani ryan That's right. That's silver frame. You picked up it. Read him alloys. Take a look at the guy in it That's her boyfriend mani ryan. We'll check on it in the meantime. Keep squirming Novak.  It's not going to keep you out of the chair Novak stay handy We've only got a short extension cord yellow Hello helman. Hello lupos Frank is jaco madigan there Good put him on, huh Hello, jaco. Now listen. I'm up at mani ryan's place. Yeah, that's right. I'm not sure but I think that ryan's the My head must have looked like a jackpot. Everybody in town was hitting it I rolled over and played dead for about five hours. It feels better when you've had a dress rehearsal I woke up in my apartment. The sun was streaming through the window and hit the bed I looked like the muslin counter after a sale. It turned out. I was the host and didn't know it Jaco was sitting at the table having breakfast The bottle was almost half shot Good morning. How's the other world? Can't you leave that stuff alone? Do you have a headache? Of course I have a headache. Well, I haven't so stop lecturing me How'd I get up here? I dragged you here by the heels. I met all the other hucksters on the way All right, stop being funny and help me up, huh? I am the victim of a common error You don't like me because I'm not entertaining when I drink. You don't object to my drinking You object to my lack of wit.  Well, it's discouraging to be condemned on moral principle when it's really a flaw in nature By the way, I think they're going to arrest you for the murder of Rita Malloy. What about Ryan? I've recommended clements. All right. Come on. What about Ryan? You bungled it By the time helman got to him, he had an ally by all framed The calls to Key West could have been made by anybody in the club and ryan's covered for the time of the murder How about the others? They look good too Your girlfriend tony drake was gone for a while the night of the murder helman won't bite She's just sitting there ready to spring an ally by that's right with legs like that. She can dig up a cousin You better get worried patchy. I am I am the old palateo is a dead-end street I don't know where to go from there That guy bruno and the boat could help there's some connection between bruno's wife and Rita Malloy You're the only connection I can think of Yeah You were right about bruno's wife and Rita Malloy We just went through her safety deposit box. I'll bet you handled the money She had a clipping on bruno's wife from a miami paper 1937 go on Divorce action between slice and miss auger prior. What did you look up auger prior? That's where we run out of gas. Nobody knew her. We have no description Well, how about Rita Malloy any dope on her before 1937? I was gonna ask you you were in the room with her when she died. Don't you know? No, I don't I'm disappointed I figured you to know a little about her habits. You wrote the book mister I figured you for an answer Yeah, I got one and you just gave it to me helman Meet me at the old palateo in a half hour.  That's all I want to know Novak Things were falling into place like a fixed roulette wheel Right from the first I knew that there was something goofy about the picture in Rita Malloy's hotel room I wasn't sure. I just knew I had something in the back of my mind I didn't tumble until helman tipped the mitt And then everything was cakes and ale I sent jocco up to room 425 in the royal arms hotel and I told him to get a description of every dress in the closet I checked at the desk and I got the name of Rita Malloy's cleaners I ducked over there and I got a list of every dress that she turned in for three months I met jocco and we compared the list of dresses. Well, it jibed fine except for one thing There was a missing white dress. It had been to the cleaners before it wasn't there now and it wasn't in that hotel room Well, we went over the old palateo to find it Jocco didn't want to buy the scheme at all Patsy I protest the notion of breaking into a lady's dressing room. Stop worrying. Will you she's not going to be there Then it's futile as well as immodest Besides, uh, how do you know Rita didn't throw away the dress? I'll give you better than track odds on that one jocco Here we are. Come on Oh look you take the closets and find that white dress.  It's more in the nature of things. Just look, huh There's enough grease paint here for the whole ira koi tribe. Do you find anything? Yes Watch this Just look for the white dress jocco Hey, what's that in the corner? Where over here? I don't see anything. Well down here. Look see Well, well that feels good, doesn't it jocco like a spell of perfect weather same grease paint Well, it won't take as long to check here. You open a couple of these jars. Don't forget your apron patsy Hello, tony. What are you doing getting ready to build a fire under you?  You don't look good with a phd Oh put away the gun baby. Remember this is your second trip to the plate the dress patsy. It won't fit I'll worry about that. Just toss it over by the door. I'll do better.  You're a good guy patsy stay out of my way. It's your role, baby Patsy patsy, please stay away from me. Come on. Give me that gun patsy Please give me that gun You want to take a look at her jocco Put it down on the floor. Yeah What do you say jocco? No dice You can't win them all tony You play too rough patsy You still got a good batting average Novak. Hello helman. You better make a fast pinch She do it. Yeah, she got kind of clumsy in the last round. Didn't she not at all copper they Had me coming and going When you're as far back as I am they don't pick up the option Let's get out of here jocco. I'll check with you later helman be a good boy patsy. I'm gonna miss you You were getting to be my favorite hobby Yeah, I don't know how you were on the distance stuff. You were sure something on the sprints Be nice to her copper. She could go in the mud herself Well, it was blackmail, of course Tony was once married to bruno's wife. Rita maloy found out and started to squeeze towing Well, tony wouldn't buy that so she killed Rita maloy in her hotel room She made one mistake I didn't tumble until helman mentioned a woman's habits And I knew what was wrong with that picture back in maloy's hotel room It hit me like a discordant note in music Rita maloy was lying on the floor in a dressing gown But she was still wearing her bracelet and necklace When a woman undresses she always takes her jewelry off first and Then she takes off her dress Rita maloy didn't do that So I took a flyer and decided that somebody had taken the dress off her and put on a dressing gown Why? Because there was something wrong with the dress It pointed too much in one direction Oh, it could be a lot of things but probably grease paint Tony called bruno out here. He was supposed to use my boat to dump the body and When he didn't make it, tony got scared and lugged away the dress My 70 bucks. Oh, it would look better on a fixed fight Well helman asked only one question How did I happen to know that when a woman undresses she always takes off her jewelry first? I must have read it somewhere Radio service has just brought you pat novak for hire starring jack web Pat Novak is produced by william p. Russo Giacomo Madigan is played by tutor owen inspector helman is played by raymond burr Music was composed and conducted by basal at Be with us again next week when over most of these same stations We'll bring you pat novak for hire Pat novak for hire was previously released by abc the american broadcasting company for listeners in the united states And rebroadcast for our men and women overseas This is the united states armed forces radio service the voice of information and education


하나, 둘, 셋! 안녕하세요! 안녕하세요! 오늘 제가 만났어요. 사실 제가 인디아에 대해 좀 물어보고 싶었어요. 그래서 제가 인터뷰를 만나고 싶었어요. 그래서 오늘 제가 만났어요. 그래서 먼저 소개해 주실 수 있나요? 안녕하세요, 안녕하세요. 제 이름은 쏘는 비아다. 저는 인디아 유튜버입니다. 그리고 제가 브이로그를 만들어요. 그리고 또 영상은 뷰티와 모든 걸 좋아해요. 왜냐하면 저는 뷰티가 좋아해요. 그리고 한국에서 뷰티에 대한 뷰티가 있어요. 그래서 제 채널을 확인해 주시면 좋겠어요. 제 채널 이름은 쏘는 비아다. 그리고 저는 한국어의 영어로 배우고 있습니다. 쏘는 비아다의 영어로 배우고 있습니다. 그리고 이건 제 3rd 세미스트로요. 모든 걸 좋아해요. 네. 음, 알겠어. 그리고 한국어의 영어로 배우는 왜요? 제 main reason is why I'm learning Korean because I'm really into K-pop, K-drama and Korean culture festivals and in like some way they are similar. So I wanted to live here for some time to see Korean life, their local life, how Korean people actually live and their traditions, culture, festival and everything. So that's why I chose Korea and learned Korean language so I can like pick up really fast. Yeah, that's why. Isn't it hard to learn Korean language? No, it's not hard to learn Korean language. It's fun and if you have interest to learn any language, you will pick up fast and you will learn easily if you have interest. Yeah. And she can speak Korean really well. 안녕. Hi, heart. 안녕. 뭐료. 뭐료. Is there really a lot of places and language in India? And can I ask you where do you belong to? Oh, basically I'm from Agra. Yeah, Agra. Agra? Where Taj Mahal is? Seven Wonders. Seven Wonders? Yeah. Oh, ah, Taj Mahal, you live here? No, I don't live here. This is my hometown. And then I moved to, when I was like 17, 18, I moved to New Delhi. And in India we have like 22 major languages and with that we have official languages Hindi and I speak Hindi. And also we have one foreign language English, which is English, and which is like commonly used in India. And yeah, so, and we also have other, mainly thousand other regional languages. So we have so many languages. Yeah, so you can imagine how diverse is India. So they can speak English, but they have their own language. Yeah, yeah, yeah. But common language is English because in India not so many people, not everyone can speak Hindi too. Only like middle India. Yeah, that's it. So yeah. Have you ever been to Indian restaurant in Korea and is it really like we are Indian food? Oh yeah, I have been to like many Indian restaurant because I miss Indian food so much in Korea. So really well. So I visited so many Indian restaurants, but their taste is like so all what they do is they make like one base with every curry, they mix with every like chicken curry and yeah they use for every curry. And mainly people working in those restaurants are mainly Nepal. So they call Indian restaurant, but they are Nepalese. But recently I found out about one restaurant, Indian restaurant near my university. So all they have here. We are Indian. Yeah, yeah, authentic Indian. It's called Otsal and their food is little bit expensive, but food is super delicious and like real authentic Indian. So if you ever visit to like Korea then you should definitely go to Otsal restaurant. They have like really wide variety. They also have vegetarian menu. Can I go together? Why not? Yeah, why not? In hot where? Otsal, Seoul they have Gugunjo. Seoul they have Gugunjo? No. Okay, okay. I'm so interesting. Next question. This is my 개인적인, individual question. Maybe. Bollywood movies are really good and famous in Korea. Like 3 Idiots, Slumdog Millionaire, Dangal or Dangal is listen. My name is Khan. This is my favorite movie. Really. You know Slumdog Millionaire is not Bollywood movie. It's Hollywood movie. Oh really? But Indian actor? Yeah. It based on Bollywood. Based on value. Yeah, yeah, yeah. So it's really famous and good. So how do you think about that? And why do you think Indian make the good movies? You know before like really old time back then we made like movies. We focused on movies like drama, fantasies, romance and everything. But nowadays we are focusing on like real issues. And also based on true story. And topics like so many people can relate. And also topics like education, women. If you take an example that 3 Idiots education. Dangal women for women empowerment and everything. And also which movie? My name is Khan is for like Muslim. Yeah, yeah, right, right. Like religion and the human rights. And do you like songs? I really like the women's everyone like dance and sing and it's really unique and real fun. So many people like Bollywood movies these days because we are focusing on story based on true. And also main topic problems going on in society these days. And yeah so that's why and you can also relate to these movies. Because studying, study sector in Korea is really hard. Not like in the world, it's harder. They're very competitive. Yeah, yeah, yeah. You can feel pressure in Korea. So many pressure since they were really young. Yeah, yeah, yeah. So that's why these movies are getting popular in your country. Yeah, because of you also have that issue, education issue. So in that movie, Amika told us like learn subject if you really have interest. People can relate to these movies. That's why they are like getting really popular and you can like inspire by these movies. So maybe yeah. Oh, and this question is K-pop and K-drama is famous in India? Yeah, very much. I've been watching K-drama since 2000. Oh, no. My first Korean drama was full house when I was so little. Yeah, in Hindi language. Yeah, so after that I was so many dramas regularly. And so many people watch Korean drama and these days K-pop is like getting so popular in India too. And we have Indian army. I am one of them. I am army. I am army too. Army. So that's right. So that's right. I am team. So that's right. Okay, okay. Oh, it's important question. How does living in Korea compare with India? Oh, so when I came here, it was like going good. But now after living after like 2, 3 months, you will feel the pressure. In India, everything is cheap. Right, right, right. Like fruits, vegetables and other things. And here, everything is expensive. So you have to work for that to find job, part-time or something. I have a YouTube channel so it helped me. I also did my part-time job. It was so tough. So tough, but it didn't work out for me. Fine. Okay. Second thing, I don't know why. In India, I used to get compliments like you are so beautiful. But here, so many give me like compliment like oh you are so beautiful and compliment like this. I don't know. Appearance is so much here. They have mirrors in every subway. That they care about the appearance a lot? Yeah, they take care of that a lot. It's good, but sometimes it feels like we have other things too. You have to see talent, you have to see something else. They just only care about the looks. Yeah, yeah, yeah. They don't see other things like their talent or personality. That's a good thing, a bad thing. Yeah, France and France, yeah. Got it. This is a question I really wanted to ask. Have you ever experienced discrimination as an Indian in Korea? No. One thing happened when I applied in Korean university. Not Seoul, they hug you. But before Seoul, they hug you. I applied in different university. They like reject you. Yeah, they rejected me. Because they said like we are not taking application from India. So I was like what, why? And they didn't give any other reason like marks were not good or what was the reason. They just straight up said like we don't accept application from India. Anyone can do language course, but still they rejected me. And yeah, that was the first time or last time that something happened to me. But after coming to Korea, no one so far no one treated me badly or said anything bad to me, behaved bad towards me or anything like that. But they kind to you? Yeah, so kind, so helpful. I didn't imagine something like that. Korean people are so good and so kind. And they will help you even they can't talk to you in English. Still, they want to help you. And before coming to Korea, I watched videos like, Oh, what should I keep in mind before going to Korea? So I watched some videos and people from America and other countries they talked about like elder people. Like I just see Yajumma, Harmony, Herboji. So they said like they are really rude and they will push you and say you like harsh thing and yeah. But coming to Korea, they are like super helpful. More than Yajumma. Young people always on fun, on busy and every time busy and yeah, they don't look up and yeah. Elder people are like always see you if you if they see like Oh, that foreigner is in some problem. We should help. So yeah, they always take time to help you. Yeah, that's really good thing. So don't think that they are rude. They are really, really kind and helpful. So always think like that and say I knew you and always bow. Not like I knew you and say you. Just I knew you and say you. 예전에 I saw one video that India is dangerous country. The Korean YouTuber said if you are a woman and if you go India alone, that's really dangerous. Even he have not been there. How did he know that? I was feeling weird. So that's why I make this video. How do you think about it? Well, whoever made that video, I don't think he ever visited India. So some people made this kind of video to only to get views and get tension and everything. But every day you don't have any idea how many foreigners come to India. Yeah, right. Yeah, you don't have any idea. Yeah, every country has like problems. Your country has problem. America has problem. Every country. So we have problem and I feel bad when I hear about any crime. But we are dealing with everything and we are taking strict laws and we are implementing everything. And yeah, we are handling everything very well. I agree that crimes happen in our country. But our government is taking like good action against that. So yeah, I agree. But it's not my country. Not dangerous at all. You can visit my country anytime. I want to go too. Yeah, why not? I will suggest some places. And if you go to like every part is different and you will love my country. Don't think like don't watch all those videos like whoever saying like India is bad to visit and not for women and people making those videos only to get attraction and views. If you go you will find like different things and people are so loving in India. And also I watched some videos before coming to Korea and so many people gave me like really unnecessary information about Korea like I said like that I do see Ajumma's thing but this is totally different here. Different with reality. So yeah, I don't think like oh if he is saying this and I should change my mind I will never visit India blah blah blah Whatever you are saying on YouTube it doesn't mean that it's true. You should definitely visit India. It's beautiful country. Especially Tajmen. Yeah. I will go too. Invite me. Okay. I hope it can be helpful to know about India. Throw hard. The one thing I want to say is If you have any prejudice or stereotype about certain country that means you lose your opportunity to know about the country. So I hope that don't believe the Whatever you are watching on YouTube Yeah, right.  Don't afraid to go India. Yeah, or any other country. I will see you in India. Yeah, me too. I will go. Invite me. Yeah, okay. See you next time. Bye bye. Take care of yourself. How to say goodbye in India? Just say bye. Namaste. Bye. 안녕히 계세요. 가세요 아니에요. 모르겠어. Yeah. 한국 사람이야. 안녕히 계세요.


Hey, everybody, here, post game at Nazareth York with Coach Randall Bob Trossett with you. Coach, what do you tell the team after a game like today? We told them that we got to learn from this experience and keep their heads up and stick together and, you know, get better and get ready for another game tomorrow. That's about it. What do you tell the defense?  Do you wait till tomorrow? Do you wait till post game? How does that? Yeah, I mean, you know, I don't think we're going to get a lot out of getting on our D too much. We just played a lot of defense and I don't think that it was a lack of effort by any means. I think it was the fact that we went up against a really dynamic team. They're really good offensively and they got a lot of really good looks and they're just better than we are right now. Well, speaking to the competition that is in the Mustang Classic, because, you know, York's the top five team in the country, what can that do for you guys this season? You know, again, we just got to learn from it and kind of respond, you know, and it's a good test for us to see how we can bounce back tomorrow and not only that, but, you know, heading into next week. All right, Coach, thanks for your time. Best of luck tomorrow. Awesome, thank you. He's Coach Randall Bob Trossett saying so long from Stevenson University.


This paper examines the relationship between economic growth, energy consumption, agricultural practices, and environmental pollution in five countries of Central Asia. It uses panel data models to analyze the data over the period from 1992 to 2020. The results show that economic growth has a positive effect on CO2 emissions as does increased agricultural productivity and energy consumption. Water productivity and trade openness have a negative effect on CO2 emissions. Additionally, the paper finds that energy consumption is the main driver of rising levels of CO2 emissions in the region.


Good morning America. I am at Chevy Chase skate park right now I'm gonna meet up with Dan and Arjun. I think we're gonna go skate here and then hopefully fingers crossed we can go skate Griffith if they're down, that's my plan. I want to go skate Griffith if the boys are down So yeah, actually had a terrifying nightmare last night like I woke up and I was like Like it was just a dream for some reason and I was in Dan's car Dan was driving We're trying to turn right at this set of lights and there was a big truck next to us and The truck ended up coming creeping into our lane and it cut half the car up and it cut my arm up I remember looking down at my arm and it was like cut down to the bone and I freaked out and I woke up And I was like and I realized it was just a dream and then I felt better But yeah, that was scary. I had a nightmare Dan Dan was involved in my nightmare Actually set up a freshie last night too. It's a passport Which is really weird. I didn't notice it till I put my trucks on but it actually says pass and port Right where your truck base plate goes. So yeah, it doesn't say passport, but this is illustration of Some men at work pun on pun men are men at work down under and these are some gum nuts Some gum nut leaves and they're loading up some concrete into the gum nut concrete mixes and Yeah, probably wondering what time of smoker is got a pretty empty park today here at Chevy Chase Nothing says they lay more like some music from the locals Oh, you almost roasted it right there Make sure no speed See I feel like Sean you're one of those skaters when you have new everything you feel good on your skateboard and then you skate better Yeah, that's not me. I can't if I have new anything. I'm like miserable.  Yeah Okay, okay, you're gonna roast the first try It's cuz you're lifting up and getting life-footed. You got to turn it into a heavy foot at 5-0 Keep that front foot on aggressively the front foot keeps the board from flipping the back foot gets you off the rail Wrong tense. You got it.   Can I go to the ditch spot now?   That's you see that's gotta be it So this is the group of ditch spots. I've never been to but I've seen everywhere online It's rough in her life than I expected but it is meant to be a drain for water But there's a bunch of little things there's that big bank over there everyone does tricks into And then here's a couple little Bank to ledge curb thingamajigs.  It is a bit chilly though. I'm getting cold So there's two sides here. This is like the biggest steep one is like a more a mellow smaller one over there, but um, I didn't know like when you're all in you're like Kind of it's like a bank that goes into a roll in and then you hit here Then you can go down the middle there or go into that street there or Yeah I thought I'd be able to do some stuff here. I don't know. Maybe we'll see Have you tried it from like halfway? Literally don't even talk anymore. You're going right now. Where should I go? Just straight? Yep. You got it. Here we go Yep, you're just gonna do it right now. Just go go go go go kicklet First try I don't want to it's wind.  Sorry. Oh, you know, it's just a kick flip. You're just gonna kick flip one flat ground You can hippie jump that car Yep, that was it. You got it. That was it next try just land it Put your both feet on it. It's over. What's next arjun? That was it next try He's gonna kick flip anyway really soon We don't skate that bank over there. It's the same thing with smaller It's still sick either way probably done skating for the day. I'm cold my hands are cold.  They were hollow thunders. So they were like, uh, uh, excuse me. Do you know where the Uh, skate shop is and I was like, yeah, there's one Like oh, like I jumped on google maps and I was like, I'll have a look for your found one. I was like, oh, it's like a five minute drive um But yeah, that way out here skating and one of them was skating in shorts and he had a fresh la tattoo on his leg, you know the la dodgers symbol I think it's la dodger symbol.  Oh Arjun just landed a kick uh kickflip backside kickflip front board shove it out. Anyway, you had like a fresh La tattoo on his leg and then we were like skating the manual pad that's near the park and he was like, wow There's a spot here. I love this country and it was just sick to see him stoked on being over here skating because it brought up all the feelings of how privileged And fortunate and lucky I am to be able to be here skating with everybody Because they were just they just came here to visit and they were skating and like you could tell they were having fun and it's like Yeah, I don't know sometimes you got to stop and appreciate the little things like being able to skateboard over here in california That's what I'm trying to say. I don't know. I haven't been doing an outro lately So I'm trying to do an outro right now because I'm not going to be skating after this. I just want to eat and feel warm but um If you guys haven't checked out evening mob.com make sure you go on over and check out evening mob.com Grab a hoodie. We had the hoodies restocked.  We got hoodies. We got tote bags Um, yeah, it's like a one of the main ways you can support me Doing all this stuff is like by watching the videos and if you're able to pick something up from evening mob Please do but yeah, cheers for watching the video um Yeah I don't know what to say Like you're extra gross. There's so much snot running down my face right now like into my lips We're all trying to get thumbnails. I'm recording. I definitely got corona back


So, let us work out your idea. So, let us say in psi x prime p contribute p x flow.  Now, this is log x over log p plus order 1. There can be a it can differ from log x over log p by at most 1. And the in the worst case it will differ by something close to 1. Then psi x equals sum over prime p less than equal to x log x. This is equal to pi x log x plus order log of product of m p less than equal to x. Now, what do we do with this quantity? The error term how do we estimate that product of all primes less than equal to x. So, if I want to x log x less than that is not very nice. See the error term we want to be square root x log square x order psi x by log x, which means order x by log x plus something plus error which is. So, you do not want any constant. No, no, no way you want x by log x. If you look if you wanted constant it is very easy to show that pi x for example, or psi x is between 1 by 5 x and 5 x. So, you did not have to do any of this you know Riemann hypothesis and complex analysis forget all they just do simple counting. One can show with a little bit of cleverness this is what Shevishov showed long even before Riemann that pi x is greater than equal to x by 5 log x and less than equal to 5 x by log x. Clearly that is a good point let that be an assignment that is show that pi x is x by 5 log x is between x by 5 log x and 5 x by log x and just do simple counting nothing else. Of course, here we have been very pessimistic in approximating the floor here. We are all saying that x log x by log p floor is always log x by log p plus order 1 can bound this by 1 sure, but that is does not help. There are would be times for different p's this will be very close to 0 the error and there would be times when it is closer to 1, but then it is going to be very hard to say how for how many p's is closer to 1 how many p's is closer to 0. So, unless we do an estimate of that and some clever way of doing that do not think we can much about this. So, this is likely not to where in this approximating this you mean, but this already looks pretty high. In fact, if forget order log p here if this was just order 1 then what do you get pi x log x plus order pi x and that is already too much because what we are looking for is a much tighter relationship. So, if psi x is x plus order square root x log square x then I want pi x to be also the error term to be also close to square root x. In fact, yeah now it is I think this has to fail because see this floor unless it is exactly unnecessary it has to fail that is not right, but it is much more likely to fail because even if the log x has a slight differ slightly from a multiple of log p then error would be at least 1 over log p and if error is at least 1 over log p then multiplication by log p will only it will give you a error order 1 for 1 prime and then when you sum up you get order pi x here and then that is too much. So, we have to do something else and I tried something last time which clearly was wrong because it we cannot differentiate the error and I promised that I will find out about it today and do it, but I had no time in the morning to find out. So, I am in the same position I was this way, but we can still try let us see the issue last time was that the error we had approximated certain error and we said psi x if you plug this in and differentiate then we get this, but we cannot differentiate the error. So, let us go step back and before arriving at that error we had some expression for psi x which and that error part we then we do an approximation and got an error. So, instead of doing an approximation for the error let us go back to the original expression for psi x differentiate it there because there was an exact equality and then do an approximation maybe that will help. So, let me rejig your memory what was exactly psi x no that is that is one thing, but psi x right in the beginning we derived expression for psi x which was something like is c minus i r to c plus i r and of course 1 over 2 pi i here then we have minus zeta prime z over zeta z x to the z by z d z plus an error term what was that error term and now I am not saying that get an approximation of that of something like I think that was like x by r. No, so I do not want this because this I cannot differentiate I want that expression which we approximated to get this log square x x log square x by r there was some infinite sum if I remember correctly summation over here and the summation goes from n greater than 0 this was the exact term. So, this is what we work with y order was also what what approximation got us the order go back where y order because delta is also approximate. So, let us go back further let us what was the delta's business. So, there was an approximation there to yes no no no it is delta which said there is like from c minus i infinity to c plus i infinity that integral of x to the z by z is precisely the delta. But when you truncate the integral at from we just look at it from c minus i r to c plus i r then you get an approximation of delta and that approximate truncation error is what we were trying to we did estimate if I remember correctly. In fact, we did as you see there how do we calculate this this definition of delta that was by looking at this rectangle two rectangles right one c minus i r to c plus i r then going to positive side and once going to the negative side and then we said that if you evaluate this integrals on the three sides three edges it tends towards zero. But now one side of rectangle we can send towards zero that this these arms which go from c minus i r to u minus i r that u can go to infinity but i r stays there. So, integral along these two branches one the vertical one and two horizontal ones vertical ones is what I want the horizontal one is the error and the horizontal one stays the error stays. So, what is that integral value actually we can just write it as may be just as integral you see let us may be this may be a good idea to revisit the whole thing and just write it as integral. So, first of all this answer with the question is this exact apart from the problem in the approximation in delta is this part that you get is this exact there is no approximation involved here except for the delta function one which is like e plus i r 2. So, these are the two integrals which are the error terms for delta approximation actually this integral is c plus i r to infinity plus i r. So, it is going on the right hand side depending on x whether is less than one or greater than one actually there will be a integral going to the left hand side also. But is it not that already here this is what I am confused about this sum is this not already incorporated we approximate these integral to get this order let us just start from the basics zeta prime or zeta is summation n greater than equal to one lambda n by n to the z right. And moreover we also know that psi x equals summation n less than equal to x lambda n which we said is summation n greater than equal to one lambda n delta x by n right if I remember and delta x by n is 1 over 2 pi i integral c minus i r to c plus i r plus infinity plus i r to c plus i r to infinity plus i r plus infinity plus i r to c minus i r x to the z by z. So, that is delta right. So, we get therefore, 1 over 2 pi i this is x by z divide by n by n to the z and this should be minus. So, that is a good part and then yes these integrals are what giving me that approximation. So, this is exact. So, this is the error part which are these two integrals. Now, after that we focus on this part and we derived an expression for this as well what was that that was in terms of the zeros the residues in that big rectangle and that came out to be I think x minus zeta prime 0 or zeta prime 0 minus or plus I do not remember whatever it is. Then there was another minus of log of 1 minus x square these are all trivial zeros and then there was a plus over rho x to the rho by rho rho's are the trivial non trivial zeros and this is it that is the expression for that integral. I am not sure about the signs here and may be not not sure about this one also is it this probably it, but these are this is not important anyway these are these are very tiny small number in any case plus this error fine. Now, this is exact no approximations anyway now let us differentiate psi.  So, error is this whole thing it is 1 plus the error. So, what is the error 2 x by 1 minus x square yes yes this one yeah or is 1 over x square. So, then this will differential differential of this would be 2 by x cube which is same as saying that is multiply whole thing by x cube then you get 2 over x cube minus x now 2 over x cube minus x it is bounded I mean for any sensible value of x this is order 1. So, this is gone what about this x to the rho minus 1 now when you can look at the error you just look at the absolute value. So, which is we just look at x to the real part of rho minus 1 assuming the Riemann hypothesis to be true this would become x to the x minus r and sum over all rho such that imaginary part of rho is less than equal to R this we have already estimated. So, this is then we do some calculations for this we must have because when we approximated the error here how we did 1 over rho take it from me it is like R log R will prove it is the number of 0 actually there is very nice expression we can very precisely define or you know write down the formula for number of 0's of zeta function at height up to height R. So, it cannot out to be order R log R that takes here of this now what remains is this how do we estimate this. So, z is like whatever that c it goes c to infinity and c to infinity is. So, the imaginary part is really playing the no role is c to infinity both sides right and when we look at the anyway the abstract value you get t. So, basically what you get is order c to infinity sum over n greater than equal to 1 lambda n over n to the z. Now, n to the z is also of course bounded right n to the z is in absolute value it is we get n to the n x to the t minus 1 dt t is the one that is going from c to infinity t is the variable parameter that is being integrated on. See this is going the right z is integral for only the real part is varying the imaginary part is always the fix and when you take the absolute value the imaginary part anyway goes away. So, it just becomes an integral of this kind integral c to infinity you have x to the t divide by n to the t. So, this is simply integrated as 1 lambda n can be taken out and then integrate c to infinity and this would be of course I have strictly speaking I should have split this sum into two parts n less than equal to x and n greater than x because depending on whether n is less than equal to x and n greater than x the definition of delta function itself will change in the sense that this integral I have just said it is going from c to infinity the other thing occurs that is n is less than x then this would go from c to minus infinity if n is bigger than x then it goes from c to infinity. Remember that delta function for n less than x delta n over is 1 because you are going from the negative side and then there is a pole that you are pulling at n inside the rectangle if n is bigger than x then you go to the right hand side where there is no pole and then delta value is 0. So, this sum actually this integral should come I have should I come inside the sum and with this two spreads but in effective the effect of that is going not going to be anything see you look at this integral. So, here think of n always being bigger than x because only then this integral will converge otherwise if this goes to infinity and n is less than x it diverges because and that is fine because whenever n is less than x this integral the limit changes to minus infinity which has the same effect. So, integrating this gives you what same thing x by n to the c actually 1 over log this is more or less the same thing more or less I call exactly the same expression that we got earlier except that there is something there has to be something missing here there is an r that is missing what happened to the poor of of course, this is x to the t minus 1 there is an. So, instead of an r there is an x that is the only difference that is happen. So, we can use exactly the same analysis to derive that this is order log square x x log square x divided by capital R but now is divided by x. So, you just order log square x because the earlier error which was this is order x log square x by r and this is in this expression the only change now is instead of this r we have an x and that is it. So, this is it becomes the x log square x by x which is order log square x and hence is 1 plus now also remember that we are finally, plugging in r to be square root x when you plug in r to be square root x we simply get the error to be just order log square x you agree with me is there any question you got got to ask now if there is any doubt perfect. Now, let us come back to your current analysis and what we had was d psi t by log t integral going from 1 to x pi x let me just stick order pi now plug that in 1 plus order for psi prime x t now we know 1 plus order log square t. Now we are back to the good situation this is trivial this error is 1 plus order log square x or I should say trivial something is wrong you know when you say 1 plus order log square x what does it mean this means not sense this is much smaller than this error is completely bizarre yes we miss many things r is of course, we miss but this is also not good we did this estimation and we said this is equal to order r log r by square root x completely unacceptable this does seem to what what does it mean this will be a 1 over square root x when you take the absolute value and then sum overall let us just account of all the zeros they have to be r log r and then we missed the r again the when you differentiate this with respect to x you lose that cancel out that z in the. denominator that is how you lose that r r log is also when r is square root x you order log log x that is too bad too big yes that is worse but even this is you can get rid of that even this is 1 here in fact even here I should not be writing order 1 I should simply be writing something like order 1 over x cube because x is a parameter I will take the absolute value. So, absolute value of x to the rho minus 1 is square root x for any rho when the Riemann I have this holds that comes out square root x is common then you just sum over all rows the number of such rows is as I said is less than equal to imaginary part less than equal to r is r log r. So, this is of course this is also wrong whatever I have done is completely wrong. So, what is going to work this seems to be I do not see how we can improve on this because here just look at this you have to take the absolute value when you take a square root x and then r log r is does come out you cannot avoid it the moment it does come out and r is we are always fixing it to be square root x or can we any play around there remember other if you play around the value with the value of r then psi x itself is going to change. But how does it matter how does it matter that is a very good point what is stopping us from choosing a better value of r because you see this equality holds for all values of r. So, let us choose a value of r which optimizes the error. But here we can say fine we can choose the value of r which optimizes the error but what about here there is no r here at all because r is gone when you take the absolute value where r simply goes out and then you end up with log square x good another assignment problem there is clearly a fix just that we have not been able to find it. And there is a simple fix is not anything complicated maybe you can well you cannot disprove Riemann hypothesis but maybe you can disprove this connection between Riemann hypothesis and prime density.


But first, an election mess in the making, with three months before ballots will be counted. Picture all of us Americans in a car together. President Trump is the driver, and he is trying to drive us off the road. He is trying to crash the car. I'm sorry. Who claimed that the president was a Russian agent for four years? Who claimed that he was colluding with Russia with no proof? Who's promoting mail-in voting even though we've never done it that way? Who's out there promoting that we have no presidential debates this time around? Who exactly is trying to crash this car? Hey, welcome back everybody. It would appear that CNN, Tater, and the rest of the Democrat media are back on their old playbook. You'll remember that before the election that Hillary Clinton and several in the media were claiming that if Trump didn't accept election results, remember because he was going to lose. They were all sure that he was going to lose. But they were worried that he wouldn't accept election results and what kind of an attack that would be on our democracy because he would be undermining our electoral systems and people wouldn't be able to trust those institutions and so this would be him attacking democracy. But what happened? Trump won the election and ever since the Democrats in their media have never accepted the election results. And in fact, what have they done? They started the Russian collusion conspiracy theory and they've been trying to undermine the electoral institutions ever since. Now there's a lot of Tater to go over here. But first let me take just a moment to thank this episode's sponsor, my patriot supply. When you see what's going on in our country right now, there's plenty to be concerned about. Social unrest is making life very uncomfortable and it could quickly get worse. On top of that, a second wave of coronavirus is threatening to devastate our economy and our way of life again. 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Hillary Clinton winning the popular vote. Is this something of a national emergency? And our journalists afraid to say so because they're going to sound partisan. I don't think in this sense when you look at the electoral college that people have spoken because Trump has lost the popular vote by almost 3 million votes. And when you look at the roots of the electoral college, the roots of the electoral college are rooted in slavery. Do you think it's time to take a look at the electoral college system? If we're never going to use the electoral college then we should abolish it. We need to get rid of the electoral college. Yes. Forget that after this is over. Like you forgot it in 2000. I'm not saying get rid of the electoral college and the idea that a state is worth a certain amount of delegate. That is one piece of the puzzle that needs to be changed. This whole election cycle has shown us what the founding fathers have created needs to be changed. It is amazing to me how these people project onto Trump and their political opposition what they themselves are actively engaged in. And something else that we've seen ever since today Trump was elected. So remember they started the impeachment talk literally the day he was inaugurated. But ever since then there's been this narrative that the walls are closing in or that there's some new bombshell that's going to get Trump out of the White House or that he doesn't really want the job or that he's crazy and we need the 25th amendment to remove him. I can't overstate this literally since the day he was elected they've been pushing this narrative that the walls are closing in or that he's on his way out of the White House. I mean it really shouldn't surprise anybody that they're just continuing that same rhetoric.  Somehow this is going to help Trump and would work against the Democrats. I'm not sure how that works because if Trump destroys the country then he's obviously going to get voted out like the whole point of being president is to make the country better and he's been doing that. I mean he's been trying to do that. He got elected on several things on securing the border which before Trump was elected was a mainstream idea. But Trump has also tried to get better trade deals which he has. He's been trying to lower our eyes reliance on our money and our military. I don't see how this could possibly be a bad thing or bringing jobs back to America. It hasn't been 100% successful in that but he's been working at it and that's better than just allowing all of our manufacturing and all of our jobs to go overseas. So do I think that Trump is driving a car with everyone in it and trying to crash it? No. I see the Democrats and their media doing that very thing. Constantly dividing everybody along ideological, gender, racial lines and torpedoing everything that Trump tries to do to better this country is not helping. In this analogy the car is our democracy. But the driver ever since 2016, I don't know, either he wants to go off-roading or he wants the car all to himself or he doesn't know where he's going. Something's going on with the driver. He's trying to crash the car but all of us are along for the ride. Because we are witnessing creeping authoritarianism in America. The New York Times called it Trump's campaign to undercut democracy and you can say it was just a tweet and you can say he was just kidding. It is still creeping authoritarianism. And there it is. This claim that we're on our way to authoritarianism for some reason. Brian doesn't make any effort at all to explain what that is or show any examples to make his case. So what exactly is authoritarianism? Well, the definition is favoring or enforcing strict obedience to authority, especially that from the government at the expense of personal freedom. Now the left in their media would no doubt point to Trump's response to these violent protests going on across the country, although he's only sent federal forces to Portland where Antifa has been getting out of control there for years now. The way I see it, Trump's standing up to authoritarians who are tearing down statues and trying to rewrite history in their Marxist vision. And in that regard, it definitely seems like it's the left that's becoming authoritarian. And there's lots of examples of this. We have the national shaming and threatening of people who oppose the left or left-wing groups like BLM or Antifa. Groups that are violent and operate like mafia gangs. Marxists and communists who want to control language and thought. What happens to people who dare speak out against BLM, the political organization?  It isn't the left or democrats that have to pay for extra security for their events on university campuses across this country. It's conservatives, libertarians, and Republicans that have to do that because left-wingers show up and cause violence. It's the left and democrats that want to restrict or otherwise water down freedom of speech and our right to defend ourselves. Or how about a left-wing or well-impressed that acts as the propaganda arm of one of the political parties and uses their power to silence and censor their political opposition. Not only do these people want to change the way we all vote by making everybody vote in by mail, but now they want to get rid of the presidential debates. Who the hell is trying to undermine democracy here? What if the guy is joking? Of course the good news this week is the Republicans did immediately challenge August 2nd. The election is the member third. There's going to be three more months of this. Three more months of the lies, three more months of the sowing doubt, of the delegitimizing the election. Three more months of this. Okay, so he's talking about Trump's tweet where he suggested that maybe we delay the election. But the tweet was obviously put out there in response to this claim that we have to do mail-in voting, that we can't vote in person. Obviously, this is changing the way we've done things for a long time. So if we're going to go that far, why not just delay the election until we can all vote in person? Look, if we can't go and vote in person and they're saying that we have to vote in by mail, maybe we should delay the elections because there's obvious clear issues with mail-in voting. What I find really interesting is that on the same day that Trump put that tweet out, CBS News put out a report on a mock election that they carried out to test the mail-in voting system. By the end, they had lost 21% of the votes. Now imagine that on a national scale. That could easily tip an election. A record number of Americans are expected to mail in their votes this November because of the pandemic. But when you send in your ballot, what are the odds it will actually count? If you know how to mail a letter, you already know how to mail in your vote. But how long might it take for that vote to actually arrive and be counted? Have a good afternoon. We decided to test it, sending 100 mock ballots simulating 100 voters from locations all across Philadelphia. If you know how to mail a letter, you already know how to mail in your vote. How you doing? But how long might it take for that vote to actually arrive and be counted? Have a good afternoon. We decided to test it, sending 100 mock ballots simulating 100 voters from locations all across Philadelphia to a PO box we set up to represent a local election office. In the following week, we checked our PO box for the results. Mail pickup notice, there's more. When we went to collect everything, though... I haven't seen anything like that before. Nothing? Most of our votes seemed to be lost. 21% of our votes hadn't materialized after four days. 97 arrived, which sounds pretty good, unless you consider the fact that that means three people who tried to vote by mail in our mock election were in fact disenfranchised by mail. In a close election, 3% could be pivotal. This isn't Trump saying it. It's CBS News, a Democrat party propaganda outlet. And it's also nothing new. In 2019, the New York Times reported on mail-in voting and called it especially susceptible to manipulation. That was in 2019. And then suddenly, once Trump came out against mail-in voting, suddenly the New York Times was for it. And the media is now trying to say that Trump is intentionally screwing up the United States Postal Service so that it'll mess up the elections. Of course, the only problem with this conspiracy theory is that the USPS has had a lot of problems for a long time, many, many decades going many, many presidents. I just want to close by throwing out a couple other things that the left and the Democrats are doing to subvert our democracy. That's actually a republic, not a democracy. But media manipulation, the way that they're gas-lying the entire country, is subverting democracy. Because nobody in this country knows what the real truth is. It's a tactic also known as ideological subversion, which we first heard about from a defected KGB member that claimed it was going on in our country right now. Or how about the mass censorship that's going on the tech platforms? You can't tell me that's not going to have any effect on our elections. Remember, Google promised that they wouldn't allow that to happen again after Trump was elected. And now we have this mail-in voting crap, and they're trying to get Biden out of the debates. This election has been turned on its head, but not by Trump, by the Democrats and their media. That's all I have for today. Please hit that like button, share, and subscribe. If you'd like to support this channel, you can do so on one of the platforms listed in the description or the pinned comment. Thanks for watching. Keep coming back.