Hello and welcome to the lecture on Introduction to Array in Java. In this lecture we will be discussing about array concept in Java and array and arrays classes in Java library. The learning outcome of this video lecture is that the student will be able to write a Java program using array and array and array classes in Java library. The student will be able to differentiate between raw array in Java and usage of array and array classes. Array is a collection of similar type of data elements. Java array is an object which contains elements of similar data type. Array can be accessed using single variable name and index is used to access individual element from a set of elements. Array is a data structure which is used to store fixed set of elements in a sequential order. Array elements accessed using index and index starts with zero. Now here is how to declare array variable in Java. There are two ways of declaration of array as shown here. First data type with square brackets space name of array variable. Second way is data type space name of array with square bracket. Here is an example that is integer array declared with array name nums. Next is how to instantiate array in Java. When an array is declared only a reference of array is created. So to actually allocate a memory to array we use new operator as shown here. Data type specifies the type of data being allocated. Size specifies the number of elements in the array and array ref var is the name of array variable that is linked to the array. To use new to allocate an array you must specify the type and number of elements to allocate. Here is an example given first array nums is declared here and then in next line using new operator to instantiate this array. We can write the declaration of array variable and instantiation of array in a single text statement as shown here. The elements in the array allocated by new operator will automatically be initialized to 0 for numeric types and false for Boolean type for 0.0 value for double data type and it will be initialized to null for reference type that is user defined data type. Now here we can pause the video for some time and answer the below question which of this is an incorrect array declaration. Here option A and B using new operation correctly that is before array data type and array size. But in option C operator new is not succeeded by array type and array size. Hence the correct answer is option C. Next is initialization of array in Java. Syntax is as shown here. While declaration of array we can initialize array by specifying element values separated by commas in curly brackets as shown here. Data type specifies which type of data is stored in var num in array. Var num specifies the name of array variable and values that is val 1 to val n indicates the values assigned to array at the time of initialization of array. Here is an example given here difference in the initialization is same as we discussed at the time of array declaration. Both line of code initialize the array nums with the values 12, 32, 56, 34 and 45. We are accessing these individual elements using index that is here in this example from 0 to 4 and array using array reference variable as shown here. Another way of initializing array in Java is shown here with example. First line declare array variable with name roll nums. Second line instantiate and initialize array roll nums with values. This statement is equivalent to the statement shown here that is at the time of declaration itself we are initializing array roll numbers. We can write in this way also. Now you can pause the video for some time and answer the below question which of these is an incorrect statement. So here the answer is option A because array can be initialized using both new operator and comma separated expression surrounded by curly braces. We have seen in previous slide that it is not necessary to use new operator always at the time of array initialization. Therefore the correct answer is option C. Now this is a simple Java program in which array nums is declared and instantiated as shown in line number 4. Then individual array elements with index 0 to 4 are initialized with the values that is from line number 5 to line number 9 in the code. Then for loop return on line number 11 is used to display array elements. In this for loop in test condition length property of array is used to get the size of array. Array nums is declared and initialized with the values 12, 32, 56, 34 and 45 and this is the output of this given program. Now what are arrays in Java? Arrays are objects which store multiple variables of the same type. It can hold primitive types as well as object references. Since arrays are objects they are created during runtime. The array length is fixed. Array class in java.lang.reflect package is a part of the Java reflection. This class provides static method to dynamically create and access Java arrays. The arrays class in java.util package is a part of the Java collection framework. This class provides various methods for manipulating arrays such as sorting and searching. Static methods to dynamically create and access Java arrays. This class provides a static factory which allows arrays to be viewed as a list. That's why it is a part of the Java collection framework. See array class in detail. Array class is available in java.lang.reflect package. This class provides static methods to dynamically create and access Java arrays. It is final class which means it can't be instantiated or changed. Only the methods of this class can be used by the class name itself. The array class is immutable in nature. It means that the class cannot be extended or inherited. The array class is declared as a final to achieve immatability. The methods of this class can be used by the class name itself as shown here. The example is given here. How the methods can be instantiated or called using the array class name. Now let us see arrays class in detail. The arrays class in java.util package is part of the Java collection framework. This is a utility class which provides more methods for array manipulation such as searching and sorting. This class provides static methods to dynamically create and access Java arrays. Array class is not immutable. It is not defined as final class. This class provides a bridge from raw arrays to collection-based arrays that is list. This class consists only static methods and the methods of object class which is a superclass of this class. The methods of this class can be used by the class name itself. This is a simple program to demonstrate array class usage in Java. Now in this program, first we have declared the array size with the variable name size of array. Then we have created integer array using the array class from the java.lang.reflect package and from this array class we have used the new instance method which will help you to create the new instance of this array class of type int. Then the parameters passed to this new instance method is the first parameter is the type and second one is the size of that array. Then we have type constate this into a particular type integer. Then after that to insert the elements in the array we have used the set int method with the array class name. The set int method will help you to add the elements to the particular array at a particular index. So parameter to this method is first parameter is the array name then the index and then the value. So this statement will add the element 11 at index 0. Similarly 12 will be inserted at index 1, 13 will be inserted at index 2 in the array int. Then to print the array content we have used the two string method from arrays class. Arrays class is a part of java.util.array package, util package. Then to this method we have passed our array name array int which will help you to print this array as a string. So this is the output of this print of statement in the square bracket. The value is separated by comma it will display two string method. Then if you want to retrieve a particular element at a particular index then here we have used the get int method from array class. So with the name of array class name dot get int the parameter passed is the name of the array comma the index value from which you want to get the value index. So it will get the value at index 0. So that is in this case it is 11. So output is that element at index 0 is 11. Now next one is the example program to demonstrate the array class. We already used a two string method from the array class in the previous example. Here we have first created again the array of type integer with the size 5 using the new operator. So we are instantiated array of type integer with the size 5. Then from the array class we call the set int method to insert the value 10 and from the arrays class we use the two string method just to simply display that particular array. So as we discussed the initial value default value of the integer array is 0 and in this example we have inserted only the value 10 at index 0. So the output is first element is 10 and remaining element is 0. Why the remaining elements are 0? Because the default initial value for the integer type data is 0. Thank you for watching this video.


from our studios in the heart of Silicon Valley, Palo Alto, California. This is a CUBE Conversation. Everyone, welcome to this CUBE Conversation here in Palo Alto, California, CUBE Studios. I'm John Furrier, the host of theCUBE. We're here with CUBE alumni and special guest, Mitt Wally, a president of products and marketing at Informatica. I'm Mitt, great to see you. It's been a while, it's been a couple months. How's things? Good to be back, as always. Welcome back. Okay, so Informatica World's coming up. We have a whole segment on that, but we've been covering you guys for a long, long time. Data is at the center of the value proposition again and again, it's more amplified now. The fog is lifting in the world is now seeing what, I think we were talking about four years ago, with data. What's new? What's the big trends going on that you guys are doubling down on? What's new? What's changed? Give us the update. I think we've been talking for the last couple of years. I think you're right. Data is becoming more and more important. I think three things we see a lot. One is obviously you saw this whole world digital transformation. I think that definitely has picked up so much steam now. I mean, every company is going digital and obviously that creates a whole new paradigm shift for companies to almost recreate themselves, reinvent themselves and data becomes the new definition. And that's what we call, I think, as you saw it Informatica World even before, the data 3.0 world, where data is the center of everything, right? And basically, you see the volume of data growth, the utilization of data to make decisions, whether it's decisions of the shop floor, decisions basically related to cyber security or whatever it is. And the key that we are seeing very different now is the whole AI assisted data management.  So that's why we see, the one thing that we see a whole lot is AI is becoming a lot more mainstream. Still early days, but it's assisting the whole ability for companies to what I call exploit data to really become a lot more transformative. You've been on this for a while. Again, when we had, go back to theCUBE archives, we almost pulled out clips from two years ago, be relevant today.  But you guys nailed the chat box, you've been doing AI, those previous announcements. This is putting a lot of pressure on you, the president of the products. You got to get this out there. What's new? What's happening inside Informatica? He's peddling as fast as you can. What are some of the updates? Give us the... For example, always just like the duck, right? You know, you're really swimming, you feel like you're calm at the top and then you're really peddling. Now I think it's great for us. I think I look at AI, you see AI is like, there's so much fun around it, machine learning AI. We look at it, it's two different ways. One is how we leverage machine learning within our products to help our customers. Making it easy for them to, as I said, so many different data types. Think of IoT data, unstructured data, streaming data. How do you bring all that stuff together and marry it with your existing transactional data to make sense? So we are leveraging a lot of machine learning to make the internal products a lot more easier to consume, a lot more smarter, a lot more richer. The second thing is that we, what we call is our AI, Clare, which we unveiled if you remember a couple of years ago at Informatica World, how that then helps our customers make smarter decisions in the world of data science and all these new data workbenches. You know, the old statistical models are only as good as they can ever be. So we are leveraging helping our customers to think the value proposition of our AI, Clare. Then to what I make things that, you know, find patterns that, you know, statistical models cannot. So to me, I look at both of those really, leveraging ML to shape our products, which is where we do a lot of innovation. And then creating our AI, Clare, to then help customers make smarter decisions, easier decisions, complex decisions, which what I call the humans or the statistical models really cannot. Well, this is the balance between machines and humans working together. And you guys have nailed this before. And I think this was two years ago, I started to hear the words, you know, land, adopt, expand from you guys, right? Which is, you got to get adoption. And so as you're iterating on this product focus, you got to get it working to make sure your products. Big, big maniacal focus of that one. So talk about what you've learned there because that's a hard thing. You guys are doing well at it. You got to get adoption means you got to listen to customers. You got to do the course correction. What's the learnings coming out of that piece of that? That's actually such a good point. We made such, see we were always a very customer-centric company, but as you said, like as the world shifted towards a new subscription, cloud model, we really focused on helping our customers adopt our products. And you know, this new world customers are also struggling with new architectures and everything. So we double down on what we call customer success, making sure we can help our customers adopt the products. And by the way, it's dual benefit. Our customers get value very quickly. And of course, we believe in what we call a customer for life. Our ability to then grow with our customers and help them deliver value becomes a lot better. So we really, so we have globally across the board, customer success managers, we really invest in our customers. The moment we, a customer buys a product from us, we directly engage with them to help them understand, for this use case, how will you implement the product? It's not just self-serious. One thing I appreciate, because you know, how hard is it to build products these days, especially with the velocity of change. But it's also, when you have in the large scale data, you need automation. You got to have machine learning. You got to have these disciplines. Sure. And this is both on your end, but also for the customer. Any updates on the Claire and some customer learnings that you're seeing that are turning into either use cases or best practices? So many of them. So take a simple example, right? I mean, we think of, we take these things for granted, right? I mean, take, you know, we talk about IoT these days, right? I mean, all of these sensors, we were streaming data, right? Or even robots in the shop floor. So much of that data has no schema, no structure, no definition, it's coming, right? Netflix data has to, and for customers, there's a lot of volume on it. A lot of it could be junk, right? So how do you first take that volume of data, create some structure to it for you to do analytics? You can only do analytics if you put some structure to it, right? So first thing is that we leverage Claire. We help our customers create what I call schema and you can create some structure to it. Then what we do allow is basically Claire through Claire. It can naturally bring what we have the data quality on top of it. Like how much of it is irrelevant? How much of it is noise? How much of it really makes sense? So then, as you said it, signal from the noise. We're helping our customers get signal from the noise of data. That's where AI comes very handy because it's a very manual, cumbersome, time consuming and sometimes very difficult to do. So that's an area where we have leveraged creating structure, adding data quality on top and finding rules that didn't probably naturally didn't exist that you and me would be able to see. Machines are able to do it. And to your point, our belief is, this is my 100% belief, we believe in AI assisting the humans. We have given the value of Claire to our users that it complements you. And that's where we are trying to help our users get more productive and deliver more value faster. Productivity is multi-fold. It's like also efficiency. You don't want people wasting time on a project that can be automated. So you can focus that valuable resource somewhere else. Okay, so let's shift gears onto Informatica world coming up. Let's spend some time on that. What's the focus this year, the show? It's coming up right around the corner. What's going to be the focus? What's going to be the agenda? What's on the plate? Give you a quick sense of how it'll shape up. It's probably going to be our biggest Informatica world. So it's 20th year. Again, back in Vegas. You know, we love Vegas, of course. We have obviously a couple of days lined up over there. I know you guys will be there too. Great set of speakers. Obviously, we'll have main stage speakers like, so we'll have some, the CEO of Google Cloud, Thomas Corrine is going to be there. We'll have on main stage with Anil. We'll have the CEO of Databricks, Ali, with me. We'll also have the CMO of AWS Aerial there. Then we have a couple of customers lined up. Simon from Credit Suisse, Danielle's CEO from Nissan. We also have the head of AI, Simon Gogenheimer from Microsoft, as well as the chief product officer of Tableau, Francois on main stage. So we have a great lineup of speakers, customers, and some of our very, very strategic partners with us. If you remember last year, we also had Scott Guthrie there on main stage. 80 plus sessions, pretty much 90% are led by customers. We have 70 to 80 customers presenting with us. Technical sessions are going to be a secret. Technical, business. We have all kinds of tracks. We have hands on labs. We have learnings. Customers really want to come learn our products, talk to the experts. Some want to talk to the product managers. Some want to talk to the engineers. Literally so many hands on labs. It's going to be a full blown couple of days for us. What's the pitch for someone watching that has never been in an informatic world? Why should they come to the show? I always tell them three things. Number one is that, A, it's a user conference for our customers to learn all things about data management. And then of course in that context, they learn a lot about, so they learn a lot about the industry. So day one, we kick it off by market perspectives. We're giving a sense of where the market is going. How everybody should be stepping back from the day to day and understanding, where are these digital transformation? AI, where is the world of data going? We have some great analysts coming talking, some customers talking. We'll be talking about futures over there. Then it is all about hands on learning, right? Learning about the products. Hearing from some of these experts, right? From the industry experts, as well as our customers teaching what to do, what not to do and networking. It's always great to network, right? It's a great place for people to learn from each other. So it's a great forum for those three things. But the theme this year is all around AI. I talked about Claire. In fact, our tagline this year is clarity unleashed. We really want to basically, AI has been developing for the last couple of years. It is becoming a lot more mainstream for us in our offerings. And this year, we really are taking it mainstream. So it's kind of like unleashing it where everybody can genuinely use it, truly use it for their day to day data management activities. Clarity is a great theme. I mean, plays on Claire, but this is what we're starting to see some visibility into some clear, economic benefits, business benefits, technical benefits, kind of all starting to come in. How would you categorize those three areas? Because that's generally the consensus these days is that what was once a couple of years ago was like foggy, what do you see? Now you're starting to see that lift. You're seeing economic, business, and technical benefits. So to me, it's all about economic and business. Technology plays a role in driving value for the business, right? I'm a firm believer in that, right? And if you think about some of the trends today, right? A billion users are coming into play that'll be assisted by AI. Data is doubling every year. You know the volume of data and the amount of, and I always say business users today, I mean, when I run a business, I want, I always say tomorrow's data, yesterday to make a decision today. It's just in time. And that's where AI comes into play. So our goal is to help organizations transform themselves. Truly, you know, be more productive, reduce operational costs. By the way, governance and compliance, that's becoming such a mainstream topic. It's not just basically making analytical decisions. How do you make sure that your data is safe and secure? You don't want to get basically hit by any of these cyber attacks. They're all coming after data. So governance and compliance of data, that's becoming, so tools? You guys are right on the data thing. I want to get your reaction because you mentioned some stats. I have some stats here. Data explosion, 15.3 zettabytes per year in global traffic. 500 million business data users and growing 20 billion connected devices. One billion workers will be assisted by machine learning. So thanks for plugging those stats, but I want to get your reaction to some of these other points here. 80% of enterprises are looking at multi-cloud. They're really evaluating where the data sits in that kind of equation. And then the other thing is that the responsibility and role of the chief data officer. These are new dynamics. I think you guys will be addressing that in the event. Because organizational dynamics, skill gaps are issues, but also you have multi-cloud. You're talking about multi-cloud. I mean, that's a big thing. I mean, look, in the old world, John, heterogeneity has always existed in large enterprises, right? And it's going to stay here. In fact, I think it's not just cloud. Think of it this way. On-prem is still here. It's not going away. It's reducing in scope. But then you have this multi-cloud world, SaaS apps, pass apps, infrastructure. If I'm a customer, I want to do all of it. But the biggest problem comes as you said, is that my data is everywhere. How do I make sense of it? And then how do I govern it? Like my customer data is sitting somewhat in this SaaS app, in that platform, in this on-prem application transaction app running. How do I connect the three and how do I make sense it doesn't get? I can have a governance and control around it. That's where data management becomes more important, but more complex. But that's where AI comes into making it easier. One of the things we've seen a lot as you touched upon is the rise of the CDO. In fact, we have Danielle from Nissan. She's a CDO of Nissan North America on main stage, talking about her role and how they've leveraged data to transform themselves. That is something we're seeing a lot more because the role of the CDO in making sure there is not only a sense of governance and compliance, a sense of how to even understand the value of data across an enterprise. Again, see, one of the things we're going to talk about is its whole system thinking around data. We call it system thinking 3.0. Data is becoming a platform. See, there was OS at the hardware layer, whether it is server or compute, we believe that data is becoming a platform in itself. Whether you think about it in terms of scale, in terms of governance, in terms of AI, in terms of privacy, you have to think of data as a platform. That's the other big thing. I think that is a very powerful statement and I'd like to get your thoughts we've had many countries on-camera, off-camera, around product, Silicon Valley, venture capital, how startups can create value. One of the old adages used to be build a platform, that's your competitive strategy. There were a platform company and that was a strategic competitive advantage that was unique to the company and they created enablement. Facebook's a great example. They monetize all the data from the users. Look where they are. If you think about platforms today, it seems to be table stakes, not as a competitive advantage, a more of a foundational element of all businesses. Not just startups, enterprises. This seems to be a common thread. Do you agree with that, that platforms are becoming table stakes? Because if we have to think like systems people, whether it's an enterprise or a supplier, then holistically the platform becomes table stakes that could be on-prem or cloud. Your reaction to that. You agree? I'll say it slightly differently. Yes, I think platform is a critical component for any enterprise when they think of their end-to-end technology strategy because you can't do piece-meals. Otherwise you become a system integrator of your own, right? But it's not easy to be a platform player itself, right? Because as a platform player, the responsibility of what you have to offer your customer becomes a lot bigger. So we obviously have this intelligent data platform. But the other thing is that the role of the platform is different too. It has to be very modular and API driven. Nobody wants to buy a monolithic platform. I don't want to, as an enterprise, I don't want to implement five years of platform.  It builds by itself, not monolithic, very API driven, micro services-based. And that's our belief that in the new world, yes, platform is very critical for you to accelerate your digital transformation journeys or data-driven digital transformation journeys. But the platform better be API driven, micro services-based, very nimble, that it's not a precursor to value creation but creates value as you go along. It all kind of depends on the customer. Get up a thin foundational data platform from you guys, for instance. And then what you're saying is compose of different components. So if, for example, you have a data integration platform, then you can do data quality on top. You can do master data management on top. You can provide governance. You can provide privacy. You can do cataloging. It all builds. It's not like, oh my gosh, I have to go do all these things over a course of five years. Then I'll get value. You've got to create value all along. Today's customers want value like in two months, three months. You don't want to wait for a year or two years. This is exactly what I think the kind of the operating system, systems mindset that you were referring to. This is kind of how enterprises are behaving now. This is the way that you see on-premise thinking around data and cloud, multi-cloud emerging. It's a systems view of distributed computing with the right block, Lego blocks. That's what our belief is. That's what we hear from customers. See, I spend most of my time traveling talking to customers. And we try to understand what customers want today. And you know, some of these latent demands that they have that they can't sometimes articulate. My job, I always end up on the road most of the time just hearing customers. And that's what they want. They want exactly to your point, a platform that builds, not monolithic, but they do want a platform. They do want to make it easy for them not to do everything piecemeal. Every project is a data project. Whether it's a customer experience project, whether it's a governance project, whether it is nothing but an analytical project. It's a data project. But you don't want to repeat it every time. That's what they want to do. I know you got a hard stuff but I want to give you thoughts on this because I've heard the word workload mentioned so many more times these in the past year. If there was a tag cloud of all the cube conversations where the word workload was mentioned would be the biggest font. Workload's been around for a while but now you're seeing more and more workloads coming on. That's more important for data. That workload's being tied into the data. And then sharing data across multiple workloads. That's a big focus. You see that same thing? We absolutely see that. And the unique thing that we see also is that new workloads are getting created and the old workloads are not going away. Which is where the hybrid becomes very important. See, we serve large enterprises and their goal is to have a hybrid. So I'm running a old transaction workload over here. I want to have an experimented workload. I want to start a new workload. I want all of them to talk to each other. I don't want them to become silos. And that's when they look to us to say connect the dots for me. You can be in the cloud. As an example, our cloud platform.  Today it's double that. Eight to 10 trillion transactions a month. Growing like crazy. But our traditional workload is also still there so we connect the dots for our customers. Amit, thank you for coming on and sharing the insights. Obviously you guys are doing well. We got 350,000 developers, billions in revenue. Thanks for coming on. Appreciate the insight and looking forward to Informatica world. Thank you very much. Amit Wally here inside the Cube. I'm John Furrier with the Cube Conversation in Palo Alto. Thanks for watching.


Hello artists and welcome to Monet Cafe. I am happy to bring you today the number eight painting in a series of nine tiny paintings and I'm calling this one Periwinkle Beauties. Now all of the lessons are self-contained so you can learn without seeing the previous ones. Oh and please subscribe if you haven't. We'd love for you to be part of Monet Cafe, all of the family here. So let's get started painting this little two and a half by two and a half inch painting. All of the paintings, all of the nine were done on one piece of pastel matte. Now you can use alternative surfaces if you have them. I also make lots of homemade pastel surfaces as well so use what you have. And I'm doing an under painting with watercolor. I'm using the Arteza 36 watercolor set. I'll have a link to this set in the description of this video. Now I'm getting my reference photos for all of these paintings from PMP-art.com and it's a great resource for reference images. This is the image. I'm not sharing it while I paint but I want to give credit to the photographer here and you can find this at PMP.com and I'll have a link to this in the description as well. PMP is a free site. Okay so you do have to sign up but you can have access to all of these. Now I always get a little sketch in with these paintings. I don't often sketch. Sometimes I just start painting but with these little ones with some of the flower intricacies I thought it would be a good idea. Now I'm just putting water down in between the flowers. This pastel matte surface I'm using is water-friendly. Thank goodness and it's already ready to apply pastels. It's got a little sort of a gritty surface that holds the pastels. Now what kind of under painting am I gonna do with this little one? I've done different strategies on every painting. I think if you go and watch all when they're finally done it'll be nine paintings. Each painting has some lesson in itself that they're not all exactly the same in other words. So sometimes I'll do a local color under painting. Sometimes I'll do a complimentary color under painting. That's what this one is. There are well there's a lot of blues in the flowers. I'm going to talk about that periwinkle color but there's also a lot of greens in the grasses. A complement to blue and green what's opposite on the color wheel is red and often when you use a color's complement and you put it down underneath the final color it gives a nice little interaction between the colors and makes it much more vibrant and interesting. So you can see I'm just kind of dabbing in some of these reds and I'm only by the way speeding. So just the sketch part that you saw and this bit of watercolor painting that was more of the watercolor wash. So I've got my complimentary color in around the flowers. I'm going to dab in a little bit of some orange just for interest to give it a little bit of a golden color and to me it's really so fun with watercolor how you just let the water and the color just play. When you don't get too stiff or serious that's just one of the beautiful qualities about watercolor is how you can get these just really fun accidents sometimes and also you can pretty easily create an impressionistic painterly effect. Now the flowers you can't see the whole thing are red violet or periwinkle bluish so I'm looking opposite on the color wheel and I'm in the family of yellow and yellow greens and I thought okay let's go ahead and make these flowers more of a greenish or greenish yellow. Now I'm going to make my own green by using this yellow kind of a lemony yellow and a cyan blue. Often I don't like the the pre-made greens in a set and I find the greens that you mix yourself are much more interesting. So there's my lemony yellow and here's my little bit of a cyan blue and they make a kind of a cooler green. It's kind of neat. If you add more yellow it's going to make it warmer. I did add a little bit of that other like an Indian yellow right there to it to get it a little more green. So here we go with these green flowers that I'll eventually turn into that pretty periwinkle blue color and I had a video I think it's about two or three videos back now where I actually did a green underpainting. You know people ask questions about underpainting all the time and one of my favorite underpainting techniques is similar to this one a complementary underpainting where you use the complement to a color or complement to the main colors in your painting.  But often we wouldn't choose green as an underpainting and the reason is because you're as a complementary underpainting anyway because your field is usually green and a landscape painting. There's so many trees and so usually we pick these warmer tones but I actually did in this video use green as the underpainting the main underpainting. I use different values of greens. I actually use those weird greens you get in sets sometimes that look really artificial and I gave my reasoning as to why I chose green and the painting works so you might want to check that video out.  I had a little bit more blue than yellow in that one. The underpainting really does give a neat effect if you let bits of it peek through. It just makes the color so much more interesting rather than just working on a white surface so try not to overwork your painting when you have an underpainting. I'm preaching to myself too here. All right now I'm actually going to let you watch me pick out some colors. I got this neat set of Mount Vision purples. I'm going to be using some of those you'll see.  I've shared in my last few videos we're watching my mother-in-law we're caring for. We brought her home to live with us because she has terminal cancer and this is a shelf that came from her house and it made the perfect pastel shelf and I'm going to think of her every time I use it. So if you could use some open shelving in your studio or your little workspace wherever it is it works out really great. I really like this. Another question I get a lot is why do you keep your pastels in sets or do you mix them in as a whole palette like a workshop palette and I do both. Of course when you're starting you don't have many pastels you don't have many choices so as soon as you start to acquire a lot I do recommend that you put them in a set. This is a little mini one right here you see how I have all my colors by value and color and it's so neat it's a it's a smaller version of my workshop studio and it kind of happens by accident because I put all my pastels when I've worked on a painting back in this little set first eventually I moved them all back to the workshop set but I am I know I'm talking like crazy right now I feel like I want to teach you guys a lot in this one little lesson. Those are Diane Townsend pastels by the way I love her sets of green they're big old chunky pastels but they're so fun and these greens are so interesting but I've been keeping a lot of my pastels in their sets lately and just using them on this open shelf and then just putting them back. I've been enjoying that lately. Alright so I am just jabbering on now those are some warmer greens I'm getting and I'm going to talk a little bit about how to create this. I always loved these little flowers I've seen these a while flowers so many times they look lavender to look at them but they actually if you just painted these lavenders and purples I feel like they would just look rather flat so a lot of times with flowers that are blue or bluish-purple you've got to do a mix of blues and purples to get that dynamic color or to get that really interesting color. I don't have some of my blues added here that I'll add later but this is the general idea to start and I'll talk a little bit about these colors as I lay them down. Now once again I said the pastel matte surface is awesome it's already ready to apply pastel. What would happen if I did a watercolor painting underpainting on watercolor paper and I went to do the same thing with pastels? Well the pastels wouldn't layer it they eventually just get very flat and you end up just making mud they don't layer well as well as they do on a sanded surface and I've been saying lately that pastel matte surface is really interesting it doesn't feel as sanded like sandpaper like some of the artist sandpapers do but it still holds a lot of layering there's a little texture to it but it's a great surface for pastel painting and watercolor painting so I've really been enjoying it and all of these paintings like I mentioned were done on one sheet of pastel matte. Don't ask me how I got the idea to paint all these teeny little paintings on this one well I do know I was when we had just gotten my mother-in-law back and I think I just needed to zone out and do some things for art therapy myself and I thought some little happy spring paintings would be nice so what I'm doing here is just working in some dark values I know there are some deep roots this angle of this photograph is kind of looking above looking down into the flowers we're not seeing any sky or anything this is a little bit of a lighter value the first one it appears black but it wasn't I think it was a dark dark blue now this one is kind of a dark purple but a neutral purple it doesn't have a lot of punch to it and you notice how I have people asking all the time about pastel matte saying I can't get it to to smooth out you know I often at the beginning stages when I use pastel matte do a blending I don't blend at the end of my painting like never but some of the beginning stages I will and now you're gonna see me do it with my little new favorite blending tool which is a chamois cloth you know that you dry your cars with I got a huge section of it at the dollar store for dollar and I cut little corners of it off and I actually can reuse them I washed them and I can reuse them now this is one of those delicious Diane Townsend greens notice that it's a muted dull earthy green and it's a little bit of a cooler green and I thought that would be neat for some of those shadowy cool grasses now I'm gonna reinforce some of the dark areas and I'm just if you pull up the reference photo from the link that I provide and you follow along you'll see that the areas that I'm darkening are if you squint at the reference image you can see where the darkest areas are and I often recommend trying or maybe doing it often is painting in low light what that does it's it's kind of equivalent to equivalent to squinting because what squinting does is it reduces the light that's coming in your eyes when you reduce light you reduce color and so color is not getting in the way when you're squinting or when you dim the lights and you work so if you dim the lights when you're working you're able to choose values that are more accurate often and you're able to see values more accurately so those two kind of go hand in hand okay one more shot of blending here and see that the paper has that little orangey pinkish tone underneath it even though I've already applied some of the pastel now the centers of these flowers were interesting they're like a bright yellow we pretty yellowy color a warm yellow and you know if you've watched many of my videos I talk a lot about if we don't want colors to look flat or boring we need to put something underneath it to rest upon to give it some drama or some contrast some color contrast going on and so I'm adding this really pretty orangey red isn't that gorgeous I believe I know this is a Sennelier pastel you can tell it because Sennelier pastels they're round and they always have this little tail on them and I think it's because they're machine rolled versus hand rolled Mount vision pastels are hand rolled I went to the factory I know because I met the owner and I have a video on this channel of how pastels are made and it was so interesting but Sennelier pastels I think they're cut with a machine and it often when it lifts up I'm guessing this is how it works it maybe pulls up on the pastel that's a little wet still and you're left with this little tail and so sometimes you have to sand it down or sometimes I use it to point paint with like I just did so now you can see I'm adding this gorgeous golden color this is a unison pastel and I think unisons are probably hand rolled because they it doesn't ever seem to have those little imperfections on the edges but back to the Sennelier pastels I absolutely love them I don't care if they've got the little tails on them or not they're awesome pastels I love unisons too this is a Terry Ludwig it's malformed because this was when I had my husband and I were in between places to live and we were our house flooded in 2017 and we moved a few times and trying to get things together but I was painting outside and had my pastels sitting out I had to paint I didn't have a studio or anywhere to paint and the wind blew my easel over and broke a whole bunch of new Terry Ludwig pastels so that's why some of my Terry Ludwigs have little I look like little I don't know slivers or kind of awkward looking I'm gonna remember to not to put my pastels on the opposite side of my left hand because you guys keep seeing my arm reaching over now I got a little bit of that kind of little more of a lemony yellow I'm just kind of playing with color here but you see how I added a little more dark to the center of that flower it's like down in the depths of it and it's going to give the the center a little bit more of a three dimensional feel when you've got multiple colors playing like this and okay here we are at the Mount Vision pastels and I'm comparing another it was a Terry Ludwig a little chunky piece like I said that broke with the Mount Vision now look at this Mount Vision pastel do you see how smooth the edges are not like the Sennelier pastel I realized I think I thought that one was too light sometimes you got to play around a little bit now this little set of five purples I really really like I even I haven't even had a chance I usually take the labels off and I cut them and Mount Vision pastels are really a great pastel they're not too hard and they're not too soft and you get a lot for your money I know pastels the good ones are expensive but at least this one is larger I actually in the video I just made about painting a dragonfly I actually took a set of iridescent pastels the Mount Vision ones and I cut them into thirds in like this long Mount Vision pastel you see I took the label off and I use a cigar cutter you know cigars around and I don't cut cigars but I don't even know how I acquired this cigar cutter but they work great for cutting these and I cut them into little thirds and they're really the perfect size they're almost the size of a unison half pastel half stick now let me talk a little bit about these colors I called these periwinkle beauties because I absolutely love the color I don't know why I'm so drawn to it that's in between purple and blue I actually I sing play guitar and write music and I thought that's such a beautiful name for a song I've sung title and I've actually been playing around with writing a song that's called in between purple and blue and it's just a color that I love I love in between colors that you're like oh that's really so unusual and so I find that I'm really drawn to a lot of flowers that are that color and I've done quite a few of them in some videos recently I actually just did one that I haven't uploaded yet and you'll notice that I laid the purple down the flowers on first glance these flowers that you just said oh they're lavender but if I just did lavender or these purples all say I just used all the Mount Vision purples they're kind of different values of purples they I don't think they'd have that look that's a little bit more true to this flower and some of the other flowers that I've been creating so what I do is I lay down some purple you can either start with blue or start with purple I guess depending on the flower but you you layer the colors varying purples and blues and in this case with these flowers I'm getting the darker value purple down I'm just using this to make strokes and you see these are teeny paintings so it can be a little tedious to make these little strokes but I think that was part of the therapy of this you just really had to zone out and just relax and paint and so I'm doing them in directional ways and I'm considering the fact that these types of flowers are going to have multiple layers of petals you're going to have like maybe three layers of petals some really in the backside of the flower the middle flower and the top part of the petals so notice how I just did three values I put the darkest purple down first then I put the middle value purple and now I'm doing some of these lighter value purples as highlights on the top often too you want to consider where the Sun is coming from I think in this one the Sun was kind of just right overhead but sometimes if you're doing a different angle in your painting not every petal will have a highlight and your painting will look a little bit artificial or amateurish if you put highlights everywhere when that's not where the light source is it'll look much more believable if you paint the highlights where they really would be considering where the Sun would be so playing around a little more purple here and then eventually oh I'm gonna do more of these flowers eventually you're gonna see me add some blue to it I if I just left these flowers lavender like this I just don't think they'd be that interesting so that's what I think makes that pretty periwinkle color it's kind of in between purple and blue I just love that color and so and you see now how the flowers are pretty much going to color up most of the green underpainting but but it didn't matter it was kind of a fun color to add anyway and now I'm gonna start adding some of this blue I believe this is also a Mount Vision pastel and I'm just sneaking it in in some little places and it will definitely create some color interest and I think make the flower more true to what it is it it does have bits of blue it's not a lot but somehow I see it when I look at the flower I think too we can train ourselves to see color when I was first starting the YouTube channel I remember one of the questions I got all the time was how do you exaggerate the color of what you don't see in the photograph and my answer then and now is that I do see those colors in the photograph I know that sounds weird but I think I don't know if you guys have done it I did it with my patrons there's a color test that you can make I mean that you can take and it is who makes it is it pan pan tone colors all right so I mentioned it so I had to go find it it is by Pantone and I'll try to put the link in the description of this video what you do is you're given a range of colors in little bars like this it has two fixed colors on the opposite sides and you're to arrange the colors in a gradation from one to the next color and actually quite a few of my patrons got a score of zero which is a perfect score of this I'm just fiddling around with it right now but there's a bigger one that's actually a hundred colors and I remember I scored a hundred percent on that one so I think what happens is over the years we can train our eyes to see color better and actually see color in nature that we don't see at first glance maybe it's that we become students of color and of nature and our world so you can train yourself to see these things and also when the more you learn about value and color temperature also the more you'll be able to interpret photos correctly or more dynamically I should say we we can often veer from the photo artistically with color and have some fun exciting results okay so maybe you can see now how adding the blue with the lavender and like I said these are teeny weenie paintings so it's kind of hard to do in spots but it creates more color interest and that is really a lot of what I try to do when I paint is to not necessarily create what is so exactly like a photo or even what you see in real life but something that will be exciting and interesting I mean we're artists right we have that ability to create and and create or interpret you know with our own decisions that we make with color I think that's what's so fun it's pretty obvious with my channel I talk a lot about our creator and I am a true believer in the Lord Jesus Christ and I'm thankful a lot of you tolerate me when I talk about that but I think it just adds to the beauty of art and the joy of creation it's like a worship a praise and worship of our creator as we paint and we're just admiring his handiwork and he created us in his image and he's a creator so thus we can be creators now we never can create anything from scratch you know I heard a joke one time it was it was something like a scientist challenging God and saying we don't need you anymore we can we can create man we can clone people and God says something like okay well let's let's see what you got and he says why don't you do it the way I did it and the scientist says okay so he bends down and he grabs a handful of dirt and God says get your own dirt so that's what I meant by saying we're not creating anything new we're creating our own interpretations of the beauty that God has surrounded us with oh thank you Lord for color right what if we had a black and white world well you know I digress a little bit on my channel but I think truly I get so many wonderful comments and I think part of the joy of Monet cafe is the fun in it the freedom in it and I think a lot of you like the fact that I throw in my own little spicy comment sometimes but I do need to keep it at least about 90% art so let's get back to it all right so I am reinforcing some of the darks I think that was the Terry Ludwig eggplant color or maybe no this one is actually look how dark this color is and it's going to create some contrast I'm making these little pink flowers I really thought the combination of pink and purple in this image was really nice along with the pops of yellow in the centers alright so I've been talking for 23 minutes now I just jabber on don I so I'm gonna add you guys some music once again this has all been real time with the exception of the sketch and a little bit of the watercolor wash so if you're a patron of mine I am loving what you're doing with these lessons oh my goodness some of you have done a few of them and some of you are doing all of them so I know you're going to be excited to get this number eight painting and I cannot wait to see what you do when you submit it to our homework album and if you don't know what a patron is patrons are from my patreon page patreon is a neat page where people can support artists musicians all kinds of people who choose to have a patreon page and actually it was one of you guys in Monet cafe that recommended or inquired if I would start a patreon page and whoever you are I'm so glad you did because not only has it helped me financially to be a patron it's only five dollars a month and you can cancel it anytime but it has helped me financially to keep this channel going my husband and I both lost our jobs due to COVID and patreon was just a blessing from the Lord and and from your support that has helped you know us a lot and also it helps me to do the things I need to keep this channel current you know with computers and I need a new easel now because my easel shaky I'm always holding it so those little things but it also not only helps to keep Monet cafe going and me going but also I provide extra content for my patrons often in this video Monet cafe is getting the real time too because I don't want to ever forget you guys I gotta bring you content too but often my patrons get a little behind the scenes info they sometimes will get a video that you won't even see on Monet cafe but one of my favorite parts about my patreon page and my patrons is that I've created ways for my patrons to share their work or their whatever they're working on but also their their recreations from my lessons and that is one of my biggest joys I just feel like a proud mama and even though I'm telling you some of my patrons work there's some artist patrons of mine that are I like their work better than my work so we've got all levels of artists but some people just support the channel just to be sweet so anyway that's a little bit about that so when I'm talking about my patrons and them sharing that's what that means all righty now I am gonna add some music we're almost done here and I hope you're enjoying this I hope you enjoyed this tutorial isn't art just peaceful and if you're a patron of mine I can't wait to see what you do and I'm so happy you joined me here today on Monet cafe as always happy painting