Lagos State Governor Babaji de Saoulu has declared that he's the best among the governorship candidates in the state based on his administration's track records in the last three and a half years. The governor stated this during the closing ceremony of the 9th A.I.B.T. Summit held in the state. A cross-ponential of the Kukui Edukun tells us more in this report. Day two of the event, which was a closing ceremony, saw the launch of the Lagos State Development Plan 2052, a 30-year plan spanning from 2022 to 2052, which is meant to chart a growth path for the state. The ceremony spills into the evening with participants painstakingly awaiting the arrival of the governor who was in Abuja for some state assignment. His eventual arrival changed the tide of the game. Apart from the signing of bills and a memorandum of understanding with Delioc Group for Lagos Fame City, as well as the MOU between the state government and Siemens Energy for Electronics Technician Training, Saoulu seized the moment to flag off his re-election campaign. What is remaining for each one of us to leave this place with our heads high up, with our chests popped out, believing that indeed that greater Lagos that we talk about is realizable, that big vision that we all dream about is achievable, that Lagos that beckons on all of us as the future of this nation is indeed on its path. Speaking on the 2023 governorship election in Lagos State, the governor said he believed that Lagosians would do the right thing in the next year's election by re-electing him. He also hinted at why he thinks he deserved to be re-elected. For me, there cannot be any better campaign, there cannot be any better conversation, there cannot be any better means of showing, of showcasing what this government has done for the past three and a half years. And I want to tell all Lagosians that it is clear as day and night. Of course, there are a lot of other people on the bill. There are a lot of other noise makers on the bill. There are a lot of other people that do not even know they are right from their left on the bill. I know that there are a lot of other people that are counting and are shouting. Who let them shout? But after they are shouting, there will be calmness.  You will do the right thing. God bless you. Earlier, Governor Sawolu noted that the new economic plan is built on four pillars and 20 different strategies which, according to him, will enable the first implementation of infrastructural projects. Love you Kuku Uyudoku. Plus TV news.


hey guys what's up welcome back to my channel my name is Sonali and today i'm going to be showing you guys my favorite drugstore foundation so let's get started i'm going to be honest with you guys i usually don't go for drugstore foundations just because i like to get the high end foundations and especially because i do beauty videos i like to show you guys and test out different foundations that are in Sephora but recently i went to the beach and got a really dark tan so it's kind of forced to get a new foundation and i just got a new foundation like literally not even a month ago i feel like i just purchased the georgia or mani luminous silk one so i was just not in the mood to go to Sephora and spend like $50 on my foundation so i went to the drugstore and i just went up and down the aisles kind of like searching on pinterest like what are the best drugstore foundations while i was there but then i remembered one time i used the l'oreal pro matte foundation and i saw that they had a pro glow foundation so i picked that one up and this is my holy grail drugstore foundation i have been using this for let's see more than like two weeks now and i am obsessed with this foundation it gives you amazing coverage and i think the color really matches me right now so that's always a plus i wanted to do a quick little tutorial on this foundation because i'm just so impressed with it and honestly even if you get the pro matte or the pro glow like these foundations are beautiful so definitely go try them out i think this foundation was like $14 or something like that which i will say drugstore foundations are getting a little expensive or like more expensive than i remembered i always think of drugstore being like under $10 per product but let's get started and let's see how this applies so for my primer today i'm actually going to be using a moisturizer i showed you guys this in my last video that i was trying out all new products i'll definitely link that video down below because there's really cool products in that video but yeah today it's the same moisturizer it is the soap and glorie speed plump all day super moisture marvel i love this moisturizer because it actually keeps the moisture locked in and that's what i personally need because i'm really dry skinned already and also a little disclaimer unfortunately i am on like a retina prescription it's supposed to like peel your face and create new layers so if in the foundation video like it looks like my face is peeling that's from the retina and not the foundation because the foundation is like amazing trust me i love it but yeah i'm just using this retina serum because i have like commendal acne i think that's what it's called um basically it's just like white heads that are really really deep into my skin so i got prescribed retina i'm gonna be honestly kind of sucks because it burns my face so bad like even if i put the most gentle moisturizer on it my face will like sting for like at least three minutes and it's torture but i know that it's gonna make my skin like really good so i'm trying to push through it all right let's go in with the foundation now again this is the l'oreal infallible pro glow and i'm in the color cream cafe i honestly think i like this foundation more than the georgio armani luminous silk finish um because it's like really full coverage and it gives you a beautiful glow within kind of look i feel like the georgio armani was a little hyped up so i think it just didn't really meet my expectations um especially for the price because it's like 64 or something but honestly this foundation is like so much better because it's a little bit more full coverage on the first layer like i know the georgio armani when i had to pile up for like three layers or something like that because i just like love full coverage look next i'm just gonna go in and actually carve my eyebrows out um and i usually do this with my concealer but my concealer is way too light right now so we're gonna take my foundation and see what it can do for me so i got my eyebrows done once while i was here in atlanta but honestly i don't really trust anyone else but my girl leila back in Orlando so i think i'm just gonna have to wait until i get back there at least it's only like a month away or even less because my eyebrows are looking a little grown out i've been trying to tweeze them but sometimes tweezing just doesn't give you that feeling that you're like a new woman just like you've got your eyebrows done like i love that feeling if you guys are in the ucf area i go to venus brows in ovito and i always get leila to do my eyebrows so now that my foundation is on i'm just gonna go in with tart shape tape concealer and conceal right under my under eyes and now you see what i mean by my concealer is a little light when i blend it out it looks okay and i was gonna get a darker shade when i re-bought the product but the darker shade was too dark and the lighter shade was too light so i decided to just stick with the same color i have and that color is tan sands i really want to show you guys like the finish of this foundation as you can see it's super dewy but i do need to set my under eyes and my eyelids and everything so i'm gonna go ahead and do that i didn't fake my face because i definitely wanted the finish to shine through and as you can see even after i set it a little bit there's still like a really dewy beautiful look i'm gonna finish the rest of my makeup off camera but if you guys want to learn about the products that i'm using right now then you can go check out that video that i'm gonna be linking down below it's trying out a lot of new products and many of them i'm using today so yeah go check out that video i'm not put on highlight or setting spray i don't think i'm gonna do highlight today just because i feel like this foundation is like a highlight in itself like it's a glow within like i said but i am gonna do some setting spray so today i'm gonna opt for the max fix plus i've actually started to use the next dewy face mist i think that's what it's called but since this video is about this foundation and it's already kind of dewy i didn't want any product to kind of like over bear it or anything so i'm just gonna go in with some normal setting spray so i hope you guys enjoyed this video i know on my last get ready with me a lot of people said they wanted me to continue doing beauty videos so i'm definitely gonna try to do a beauty video every once in a while i'll put a link to this foundation in the description down below as well as the other products that i used in this video i'll see y'all in my next video bye guys


It would be an issue between me and him. And it wouldn't affect how I showed up for Ryu, but I think that me not being getting along with him for that decision because it's frivolous, because it's like, it doesn't need to go that far, it's another sign for me of you trying to replace me. What's going on everybody? Popping in to give a shout out to the sponsor of this video that you're watching right now, Squarespace. Now, it's still early in the year, a little bit, you know, pre-summer, so it's time for you to get started on that next big idea. And if you're gonna do a big, do it with Squarespace. Build a website, launch an online store, use their mailing list and other marketing tools to get that big idea started. Squarespace is an all-in-one platform to build a beautiful online presence. So go to squarespace.com slash Shambutti to get 10% off your first purchase of a website or a domain. Again, that's squarespace.com slash Shambutti to get 10% off your first purchase of a website or a domain. What's up, lovers and friends? Welcome to my panel of lovers and friends. Hey. On the far left, we got Sam, never seen this motherfucker before, brand new. You caught it, everyone. Yeah, I did. I think so. We could beep it out though. Okay. All right. See here. Sam is new to the shared entertainment team. He is our newest editor and we're happy to have you here today. Happy to be here. What a new TV land. This is Jared Brady, my love. Yes. My life, my life partner. Yes, yes, yes, yes. I'm Shambutti. This is Los, my love, my life, my late partner. Hey. Thank you. Yes. All right. So the reason why I gather you guys here today is because something very fascinating happened in the land of the Kardashians, which I'm not sure why I am very plugged into their existence. So you obviously assembled the right panel for Kardashian's hot takes. You do. I do. I was like, okay. Because we were very plugged into the Kardashian. I mean, they're like Coke at this point. They're just like everywhere. What an L.A. statement. I've actually never been offered Coke in my life. Did you mean Coke? Coke. Coke or Coke? I was talking about Coke and Coke. That's what I thought he was talking about. I'll be honest. I knew what you were talking about. I thought he was talking about drugs. You were talking about drugs, Sam. I mean. I was on the same page with you. Thank you. I knew what you meant. We swear we talk about drugs. Welcome to my channel. All right. The reason why I don't watch the show, I'm not necessarily a fan of any of theirs, but their stuff is always in my zeitgeist. And I thought this was interesting that Pete Davidson got a tattoo with the initials of all of Kim Kardashian's four kids. Too far. Yeah. Too far. That's weird. Too far. Can I just contextually explain why I gathered everybody here? Los, you have a stepdad who you refer to as dad. Yep. Jared, you have a stepdad who tattooed your name on his arm. So you have personal experience with this. Yes. I have been a stepmom before and now that we have kids, I think about what that would look like. And Sam. Why? Why do you think of that? I don't. Okay. Okay. Okay, Sam. Sam, Sam, Sam, what were you saying? Sam, you have a kid. I have a kid and I have a stepfather in all the nine yards, yes. Oh, interesting. And you and your baby mama, sorry for the term, are split up so potentially, did your kid have a stepdad? Not yet. So this is something you have to think about. It is something I have been thinking about and I try really hard not to think about because one of those things where if you haven't kind of fully moved on yet, it spirals into all sorts of crazy things you definitely don't want to think about. Yeah. Like it's new. And so it's one of those things where you'll think about it when it gets there sort of thing. Interesting because I would think that it would be a positive thing to look forward to. Yes, but there is a level of insecurity that comes with like having a stepfather in his life where it's like, you know, there are pros and cons like yes, there's another father figure that kind of helps out when you're not there, but also, you know, is this guy going to replace me? Is he gonna be called dad? Like, am I the secondary of my kid on his neck? Yeah. It's even gonna be a good stepdad.  There's so many elements that come into saying there's a bonus dad in the world, in your world. And it's like, how do you navigate all the weird? Cause it's already hard enough to navigate co-parenting and whatever else you're doing.  And so now it's a really big like, how does this work? Yes. That's very fascinating. I understand the sentiment, you know what I mean? Like as far as like where my stepdad got the tattoo, I think it was a display of love and affection and a display that saying that like, hey, I'm here for you for life type of thing. But at the same time, just tell me that, you know? Just tell me, hey, I love you and I'm here for your life. I think the tattoo, it crosses a boundary for the actual father that I don't think that person is thinking about. I think Pete Davidson was definitely thinking about that. He was doing it just to spite Kanye. Not just to spite, but there's no way you don't consider how the other parent might feel. He had to know that that was gonna set Kanye off in some way, whether it was publicly or privately.    It's definitely weird behavior, but also Pete Davidson's this kind of person who pushes the envelope wherever he can. That's just like his brand. Well, to be fair to the entire thing, he does also have Kim, he has my girl, there's a lawyer tattooed on him as well. And he had Ariana Grande tattooed. And then he removes tattoos all willy-nilly. So they're not as permanent as they seem, but I think the sentiment in general, as a parent, the thing you fear the most is the evil step parent. The one who undermines your kid, who does a lot of the work that you put in to tell your kid that you are lovable, you are worthy, you are enough. And then in reverse actually says like, you're nothing, you're nobody tries to diminish them in order to get more power in the relationship. So I would be- Were you making a case that the tattoo is actually a benefit to the kids? In regard to the fact that Pete Davidson gets tattoos, it's not as if he only has, if I got a tattoo, it'd be weird. I don't have any. That's the one I chose.  I don't understand the tattoo culture, but I think it's Eric on the side of positive rather than negative. I agree with you, but we gotta talk about intent and impact. And so I know how I felt when, I think my stepdad got the tattoo pretty early on in dating my mom. And it was a setback. It kind of drove a wedge between our relationship. Only because I was like, that's- You weren't fully comfortable with it. Yeah, I was like, that's kind of tough for me. As somebody who again, was a stepparent for a period of time, that relationship is very difficult to build. I think the first thing you have to do is establish obviously respect for the person that you're dating and show that you care for them. That's most importantly, like I'm actually a good contributor to your parents' life. Secondly, you do have to establish good communication with the real parental, with the biological parent on the other side. So that should be established. And then it is about establishing a relationship with the kids. Once you've done those other things, that relationship actually is the most important. We focus so much on the egos of the parents, rather than the well-being of the children. Yeah, but let's think about it this way. Don't you think that the well-being of Pete being okay and friends with Kanye is more beneficial to the kids seeing that this is an actual beneficial to my life? Rather than being like Kanye, my dad doesn't actually like Pete Davidson. And part of that reason is because he has my initials tattooed on his neck. And I think a lot of step parents don't understand that they're here to help rather than being the parent. So do you think it's performative then? I don't know if it's performative. I don't even think it's performative. I think that it probably is, he probably did it with reasonable intentions. I don't want to say the best intentions because I do agree with you. I think that part of it probably was like, this is cool, but also I get to stick at the Kanye a little bit. But if he's doing those things already, this becomes an addition. So we don't have the subcontext of that. That's true, we don't have that subcontext. If he's not actually a present step parent. And I think in the case of your Jared, the tattoo came before an example of how he would be a father, your life came. Yeah. And that's why the wedge came. The only difference was is that I was 19. I was like probably 20 at the time. I was already in a grown adult. I was on my own. I wasn't living at home. So it was hard for him to establish father figure with me regardless. I think the tattoo just kind of put it in the perspective of like, I don't really know how to feel about this because I know that those are permanent and I know that those mean a lot. I didn't feel like our relationship warranted a tattoo. I can imagine Kanye not being cool with Pete Davis and having- Can't see Kanye be like, man, it's an awesome tattoo dog. Let's go get matching ones. All those egos, of course, there's still emotions wrapped up in the divorce and then the way things are playing out. We're all again hypothesizing here. But if as a parent you see someone step into that father figure role and they do an incredible job and your kids adore them, despite how you personally feel about that person, wouldn't everything else melt away? No, no, I'm not gonna lie. If some dude got a tattoo of my son somewhere, these hands are about to be ready for everyone. Like I'm just saying, I would not be happy. As much as I wanna be like the bigger adult in the case, I am still a Neanderthal human being type. I will still be not very happy about this.  And if you started dating someone who was incredible, let's say you started dating Jesus Christ. I would be like, that's the only way I can level up. I'm gonna share it. Apparently so. Apparently Jesus. Man, they totally have them share. No, but really, I just want Jesus Christ to understand that you're helping. You're not the parent. And as long as you respect that boundary and allow me to still be a parent, I'm okay with you being involved. And that's always been like a big problem where it's like how involved can this person be? And that's not just between those two. It's literally between like every single person involved with the relationship because it affects so many people. And everyone has to come to a level of compromise to understand that. And when it's new, yeah, that's really hard. When things start dying down, you start talking about these things, then yes, we get to decide, okay, how involved is he? Is he doing baseball games? Is he talking to men? Is he getting tattoos on him? Like these matter and the fact that Kanye West, it doesn't sound like he was part of this discussion. That's a big issue, not necessarily for Pete Davidson. He's gonna do what he does, but like for that whole dynamic. Cause he ain't going away. He's gonna be there for the rest of everyone's life. I don't know. I think that you guys are focusing again on like the egos of the adults involved. And we used to live in a world where villages and communities raised children. And yes, you had a biological parent, but you had many different fathers and many different mothers or people. But they didn't get mad. And they didn't get any tattooed on their neck either. We're thinking of that as a symbolic way. But all in all, I wouldn't care. I think maybe I'm coming from the standpoint that we don't have anybody who feels that invested in Ryu's life. So I would be so honored if someone came in and took on the level of responsibility or care as a parent. But the egos matter. Because you don't know when it's a supporting or someone who's attempting to replace you. Because that's a very real thing. The thing is being replaced. But I don't live in a scarcity model world. I don't live in a world where there's only one mom or one dad or one this. But I believe in this world because it happened to my dad. Yeah. My dad was getting a temp to be replaced. It took him about three years to actually get to visit me because of my mom. That fear doesn't land on me. Yeah, but you're not in that space. But I can put myself mentally there as a mom. Like, you know, if you were to date someone else, I can't put myself in that mind frame where I'd be like, I'm afraid of being replaced. But again, I get that. I'm coming from the other spectrum of things where I'm like, God damn it, I wish that there was. 90% of the time when things split between parents. It's never 15. The woman gets custody of the kid. So there is no way that you are never going to not be mom. Did that replacing happen for you? Well, to an extent, yeah, because my father wasn't around. I feel like it's more rare to have a step parent step in and really truly encompass and want to encompass that role than to have somebody the opposite where it's like, I don't actually want to have much to do with your kids. So when you're going back to your ego point, I think that is a very true point because the ego of the parents matter because that dictates how the love is getting transferred to the kids. So like if Kanye's ego is hit, that directly affects the kids. If Kim's ego is hit, that directly affects the kids. And I think that that has to be considered when you're making a decision like a tattoo, it only does something for you and your connection with Kanye.  It would be an issue between me and him. And it wouldn't affect how I showed up for Ryu, but I think that me not being getting along with him for that decision because it's frivolous, because it's like, it doesn't need to go that far. It's another sign for me of you trying to replace me. For me. As a dad, what would make you comfortable with that guy getting Ryu's name on him? I don't think I would ever be comfortable with that. There's no level of time served or anything that would be comfortable with that, no. I mean, I would take that into consideration. That was your feelings. You started dating a woman who like Amherst Gromberg, Cleo. A lot of tattoos and then they developed a relationship and a bond and like their story was explained to me in that way that she really enjoyed them and that's why I did this for her. I would be like, okay. And I would definitely hold her to a higher standard.  Performative. If I feel it's performative, I'm gonna hold you to that. But if you're actually following through with that and you're living your life every day, that's a point of a tattoo. That is something that represents my everyday value system. And I see that reflected. What can I say to them? Thanks. But even though you're not like celebrating it, it's just like, okay, it's like, I guess. It's not about me. I mean, it's not why I celebrate. My celebration, of course, I'm not happy with a tattoo. There's plenty of step-parents who get to have a great relationship with the step-child that doesn't need to get the tattoo. All the tattoo's gonna do is make it uncomfortable for the father or the mother. It doesn't need to be there. You don't have to get the tattoo. And just as personal as that tattoo can be, it's also weaponized. Like, look how round up he's getting, just by talking about it, it hasn't even happened. It's a huge weapon against the person that you used to be with. It is a, not as a, I don't wanna say like a form of violence, but it is a form of- It's an aggression. It's basically getting punched in the face.  I'm not very evolved. And that's great. I'm not saying that. I'm happy for you. I know I could date women and get Ry's name tattoo on it. We know the opposite end of the spectrum is, hey, we bought Christmas gifts for everyone, but your kid. We did and got special snacks for everybody, but you, because there is so much fear of the biological parent that they don't- But they're not mutually exclusive to me. So on one end of the spectrum, you've got the person who's so afraid of disrespecting or violating the other parent that they don't contribute or they don't get so involved in the kid's life, which is to their detriment. On the other end of the spectrum, which I'm admitting is the other end of the spectrum is getting that kid's name tattooed on your neck, which again, arguably- Arguably- Yeah, but don't sit there and don't sit there. Sit in the middle. Sit in the middle. It's about the respect and the compromise that three or more parties, because you might also have someone you're dating who's also now a part of this, everyone has to come to the table. Everyone has to come to the table and respect whatever boundaries that need to exist. Pete's body, Pete's choice. You're not wrong, but- We're not saying you're wrong. It's okay. I'm just saying, it's just weird, all right? It's just- I think, yeah. Listen, I learned, I learned, I see the perspective. Please go ahead and finish your point, Los. I will say, I agree with Jared. I don't, is it inherently wrong or right? To your point, it's Pete's body. He can tattoo it. If he wants to tattoo miracle whip on his chest tomorrow, he can do so. But that doesn't make it not weird. Just because it's your body and your choice doesn't take away the fact that I'm gonna feel some type of way about it. And it's just, it's kind of weird, bud. I'm gonna add on to that too. It might be his body, might be his choice, but that doesn't save him from the consequences that are rendered of the action. Yeah, sir. Like, it doesn't protect you just because it's yours, you know? Yeah. My stepdad, my dad, paid his dues with me. I love that man and I look at him just as much as my dad as I do my biological father because of the way he showed up to me consistently throughout my life. But that's consistently throughout my life. My stepdad didn't show up. My dad, again, I don't even wanna say step, I feel awkward saying stepdad. My dad didn't show up 10 days after we started dating my mom. And I was like, hey, look what I got, junior. Like, no. And even after they got married, they didn't instantly ask about changing my name. My dad put in work. So he's earned the right to if he wants to get my name tattooed on him.  Okay, he doesn't have tattoos. So that would be weird. But had he had tattoos, I wouldn't trip off of it. Yeah. Yes. Someone's on my side. I'm not on your side. I think we can end. I'm not on your side. I'm completely not on your side. I'm saying that you have to earn the right to do that. You don't get, and not only that, my father was not around. My birth father wasn't there. So Kanye's still trying to be there. Whereas my dad was doing his thing. Well, this is a good conversation. We got two on one side, two on the other. No, we don't. We don't have two on one side.  What do you think in the comment section below? Absolutely not. Is it too far? Is it a punch in the face? Or is it a high five in the right direction? He said no one ever. It might be a high five for Pete. Thank you so much for watching that video. I gotta remind you guys again, how much we love Squarespace. I mean, our whole family loves Squarespace.  Shan, Lauren, me, and I'm sure Ry you will when she gets old enough. Listen, Squarespace is the most user-friendly, even for me who has no idea how to code. I find that I can customize the websites to my liking however I want, and they have amazing templates. I mean, beautiful templates, stunning templates. I mean, modern templates, things that if I were to go to a website, I would think a super-duper high-tech coder made this website. And if you have a mailing list, look over to Switching Over to Squarespace because it is the most cost-efficient one that I've found so far, and I've used a lot of them, and they can get pricey. Head over to Squarespace.com and start playing around for free, and when you're ready to launch, go over to Squarespace.com slash Shan Booty to save 10% off your first purchase of a website or a domain. Again, that is Squarespace.com slash Shan Booty. Save 10% off. Let's go. Let's get it. Let's go. Let's get it. Let's get it. Let's get it. Let's get it. Let's get it. Let's get it. Let's go. Here for that, Ziggy wet Pull out a stack, flippin' and gettin' it Let's get future down, we so tipsy now It's a wearin' chinchilla Put that in show mama I'ma snap


I found it really interesting that ever since Bernie Sanders proposed his own version of the wealth tax, the knuckleheads over at Fox Business News have been hammering away at why it's the worst thing ever. They've been bringing on billionaires to gripe about Bernie Sanders' wealth tax. And what's interesting is that it's evident that they don't really know how to criticize the wealth tax because this is something that will apply exclusively to elites. It's not going to apply to normal Americans because most Americans don't actually have So if you're Fox News and you want to make sure that you drive down support for a policy that doesn't necessarily apply to normal Americans, what do you do? You lie. You say that it actually does apply to them when in actuality it will only apply to the mega rich. And we're not just talking about people who are about law, we're not talking about the upper class. We're talking about very, very rich people. So former Louisiana governor and 2016 loser Bobby Jindal is going to go on Fox Business News and an interview with Neil Kovuto explain why the wealth tax isn't actually very good for ordinary working Americans. Look, I think that Wall Street and the American people have a right to be worried about these crazy left policies. There's a problem. You know, it sounds somewhat attractive when Elizabeth Warren says, we're not going to tax you, we're just going to tax the wealthy people. We're going to do this wealth tax. It reminds me of Louisiana populous. They have a saying down here, you know, don't tax you, don't tax me, tax the guy behind the tree. And what that means is, don't worry, we're not going to raise your taxes. We'll raise the other guy's taxes. The problem with these plans is eventually it always starts out that way. You know, the income tax is only going to be on the wealthy. These taxes only are going to be on wealthy people. And then before you know it, if you own a nice home, if you own your car, if you have some savings for retirement, before you know it, these wealth taxes are going to catch you as well because their appetite to spend is so large they can't just tax the billionaires and the millionaires. They're going to tax every day American working people as well. So I think people are right to be worried about these, these tax, the wealth schemes and these crazy spending schemes. I mean, they're talking about tens of trillions of dollars of new spending. But I think I also think you're right. Be careful what you wish for. I think Elizabeth Warren be easy to beat, but I'd also the thought of her as president absolutely terrifies me. You know, before I saw what he said, and I just saw the headline, I actually expected him to use a more sophisticated argument against the wealth tax. I thought that he would, you know, use trickle down as the rationale or some platitudes about job creators. But nope, he literally just straight up said that this is going to apply to normal Americans. No, it's not. Do you want to know why? Because normal Americans don't have wealth, Bobby. And when you see Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren's wealth tax proposals, it's going to be really easy to convince everyone why I'm right. And Bobby Jindal is wrong. And as this chart from Cheyenne Gall of Business Insider demonstrates, both Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren's wealth taxes do not apply to households with less than 32 million in net worth. Now, if you have between 32.1 to 50 million in wealth, Bernie's plan would tax you at one percent while Warren's plan wouldn't kick in until you have over 50 million dollars in wealth, which is when both her and Bernie would institute a two percent wealth tax. Now, Bernie's would gradually increase while Warren's doesn't actually jump until we get two billionaires, which is where she increases her wealth tax by one percentage point. And the highest that Bernie goes to is eight percent on income, over 10 billion dollars. Now, seeing as how there's only 2,100 billionaires in existence throughout the world to say that this wealth tax from either of the candidates will apply to quote American working people is a bold faced lie. It's called a wealth tax because we are taxing wealth. People with lots and lots of wealth.  But I think that, you know, a policy that's literally named the wealth tax is pretty self-explanatory. It will be applicable to people with wealth, lots and lots of wealth.  Most people know that when we talk about a wealth tax, we're not talking about Bob, who works at Walmart. We're talking about really rich people. 40 percent of Americans don't even have $400 in the bank for emergency expenses. 40 million workers don't even make $15 per hour. Thirty eight point one million Americans live in poverty. And this disproportionately affects people of color. Seventy nine million Americans have problems with medical debt. Forty four point seven million Americans have student loan debt. The point is a wealth tax will not affect normal Americans in a negative way. But it will affect them in a positive way. Because if we institute a wealth tax on really, really wealthy people, then we can use the resources that we raise with that wealth tax to increase our social safety net, increase public goods. Make sure that normal Americans who don't have wealth won't go bankrupt if they have a medical emergency. Make sure that you don't have to be put into death for the rest of your life if you want to go to college, if you're able to get into college. That's how the wealth tax will affect normal people to say that this will be an increase in their taxes on their quote unquote wealth is just laughable. It shows that Bobby Jindal doesn't really understand the economy currently and how it's tilted so heavily in favor of elites where the tax burden has been shifted to normal Americans. So I simply saying that we're going to have a wealth tax. What we're trying to do is reshift the tax burden back to elites because if you make more money, if you make the most money, then you should be paying the lion's share of taxes. And that includes on wealth as well.  Like, I genuinely believed that Bobby Jindal would come up with some other more persuasive way to argue against this. But I mean, I don't know what I was expecting when it comes to Fox News and Republicans, the bar is very, very low. But, you know, sometimes, you know, you'll see a propaganda. It's like Tucker Carlson make an argument that's a little bit more difficult to argue against, even though we know that he's lying like you have to really disentangle components of his argument because he tries to appeal to that regular person. But I mean, what we see here from, you know, Kovuto and Bobby Jindal, this is just the lazy hackery. It's so easy to just swat away. And quite frankly, it's laughable. The thought that he thinks that he's going to convince normal Americans that a wealth tax will apply to them is a joke. It's moronic. People don't have wealth. Elates have wealth. That's why we're taxing elites. That's why this exclusively applies to elites and not normal working Americans.


In the days leading up to today, I was a little bit upset because I had really wanted to watch this game live And I was hoping like please let it be a 430 let it be a 430 But of course it was at 1 o'clock and you know my focal point at 1 o'clock if the Ravens are playing are the Ravens but I did just rewatch the game and Initially, I just looked at the box score and I saw okay 38 7 Wow That was more something that I expected for my Ravens to do to the Eagles But it seems like these two teams they flip-flopped how I thought these games would go I thought this game was gonna be close throughout and I actually picked the Browns to win on the last second field goal But the Steelers who a lot of people have been saying oh man Steelers ain't been playing nobody still has been beating up on bad teams Still is ain't had no competition yet Wait till they see some real competition and I really think Steelers been listening to all that They've been hearing all that and they took everything out on the Browns It's like their best competition of this year They rose to the occasion and they play them the best we had been hearing all week about how to Browns They had they lost like I think like 14 or 16 straight games and Heinz feels something like that I don't know the exact number, but they haven't won in Heinz field in a long time And I was just really thinking especially after seeing the offensive performance of the of the Browns the past couple of weeks I was thinking oh, yeah, this this gonna be a good game This is going to be a good game and I know they say leading up to the leading up to this week that Baker He was dealing with the rib injury Odell Beckham, Jr. He had a sickness too and I was thinking oh if Odell doesn't play then I'm gonna pick Steelers But if Odell's playing I'm going with Steelers and he played but he looked like he didn't even want to be there Just looking at his body language throughout the game you could tell like he he was physically and mentally beat and Just this entire Browns team was the Steelers they they literally roughed up. They beat up the Browns literally all game long all game long Again, some people were a little bit concerned about them from last week. They were like hey Look what them Eagles did to y'all ha ha the Eagles almost came back on y'all Y'all like y'all got a close game with the Eagles and then my Ravens. We almost went to overtime with the Eagles Can't really talk about that but the Steelers showed like hey, no, we are real deal we all for real and Y'all may be talking about us. Y'all may be thinking we ain't play nobody, but okay Let's play a team that only lost one game And see how we take it out on them and they certainly did man and Baker may feel yeah We know he did get benched, but it wasn't a benching where it was like, okay get out of there You're done for the year anything like that. No, it was more of a precautionary bench to where the game was over The game it was done. It was a wrap So instead of having him continue to be out that like he was taking some hits too Like this guy was literally getting smacked all game long That Pittsburgh pass rush is something serious man It certainly was last year and it looks like this year. They just carrying it over It is something serious This game featured the two best pass rushers in the AFC North Miles Garrett and TJ Watt and they both made their presence felt But obviously the Steelers they had a little more help around TJ Watt and boy like I'm talking like smacking everybody Smacking they ain't even just smack Baker may feel they did rough him up pretty bad And I think that was a very big part of this game that had a lot to do with this game Because they were they were hitting him from jump They were hitting him from the beginning of the game and they were hitting them over and over and over and over Whether it was a sack or not They were smacking Baker may field around like they were abusing this dude like it was bad. It was really bad and That can like we always talk about that can mess with the mental part of the game Like they already talked about how Baker may feel last week.  Oh after it's gonna be way worse You know, it was bad. It was so bad. That's still his defense. They were so good seven points all against seven points This they held the Browns to seven points this team that had been Breaking records this team that had been scoring all these points all these touchdowns and whatnot. They held these dudes to seven points Last time the Browns got held to that well this season at least Was against another AFC North team week one But the Steelers they made the Browns look even worse than they looked in the week one game Baker may feel with a Terrible interceptions one of them was just a really really great play by Minka Fitzpatrick and we know Minka Fitzpatrick He's nice with it man. He's real nice with it But there was another one. Oh, who was the second one to? Minka caught one and oh, I cannot think off the top of my head. Who caught that other one? Oh, I can't think of it So I don't want to dwell on it too long But the second the second one that he threw it was he was facing pressure and he just threw it and it was an easy Inception easy interception But yeah, this is a rough game for him been Roxasburg on the other hand simple game I think he threw like maybe like 21 passes something like that He was like 14 for 21 and he he threw one touchdown. He was slinging it all over the field chase Claypoo I like how Tony Romo said it during the game. He said oh this this dude He ain't a secret no more.  He had a really nice catch. Was it over red wine?  This is what they do with their wide receivers This is what they do They breed wide receivers like crazy over there Ben Rogers burger what what is the touchdown that he threw the receiver? What was it the auntie John? No, not the auntie Johnson. I think the auntie Johnson was out this game. Who was the wire? So he was Wide open like why you know what? Let me look it up right now because this guy was literally wide open Let me see who it was because I got to make sure I give give that receiver his props I know somebody gonna say it in the comment section while I'm looking it up Like it was him it was him James Washington. Okay, it was James Washington. That's who it was wide open Wide open and there were a few guys wide open in this game. It's like the Browns. They just didn't want to cover anybody They just ain't want to cover anybody nobody James Connor he was looking good this game. He had Over a hundred rushing y'all the thing got one-on-one He was looking strong. He was looking powerful. He was making a nice little jump cuts and whatnot. So James Connor did his thing Then Ross let's break like this and see Ben Robertsburg.  They stopped the Browns on second and third and then the Browns say, you know What we got to go for it on fourth? We got to go for it on fourth Stop them there, too There was one play Where it was pretty much the definition of this game Where I think it was a screenplay to a tight end. Was it to Hooper? It might have been but I'm not I don't remember I don't recall so my apologies for that But it was a play where Baker Mayfield he dropped I think they faked it to somebody they like might have faked the handoff to somebody and then they threw like a Screen to the tight end and it was a Steelers defender just sitting there waiting waiting and As soon as that ball made contact with that tight end that Steelers defender whack He whacked them and again that was a representation of this entire game Steelers came they showed up today They showed up today and they sent the Browns packing and they showed that hey We are real deal and we don't care what none of y'all saying we ain't messing around We ain't messing around and and we're gonna show y'all and we showed y'all today 387 whoo that was a big yikes. So now I believe the Steelers play the Titans next week So they are gonna continue to be a battle-tested. Let me just double-check that Steelers schedule I believe they play Titans next week. Yeah, they certainly do they play Titans and then they play the Ravens the following week The Ravens will be coming off of by So I ain't got to stress out this week But yeah Steelers they will see if they end up coming off of the game against the Titans with a win or a loss But it won't matter cuz Ravens still that they got to take care of their business. But anyway Team keep it clean. Well, I appreciate y'all Brown Think Browns need a bye week after this one cuz this doubt this was all kinds of bad Literally all kinds of bad any kind of bad you can think of this was that this was that Now, of course the season is not over for the Browns still early they four and two They four and two and for a lot of Browns fans if you would have told them a after six weeks Y'all are gonna be four and two. They'll be happy They'll be happy So just remember that remember what the past has been like cuz it hasn't been no four and two enough in forever And just appreciate that and know that the team a This happened happens to all of us happens to everybody sometimes we all got to get smacked up sometimes it happens Happen to my ravers against the Chiefs couple weeks ago in front of the world So Browns fans just appreciate that that this didn't happen in front of the world But season still early shout out to the Steelers for holding it down. They are still undefeated Wanted Oh battle of the undefeated is next week Steelers and Titans. Oh clash of the Titans, right? That should be a fun game. Oh man. Oh, yeah, I got it. Okay. Yeah, we're gonna be watching that one extra close Extra close see how that one shakes out because my Ravens got to play both of those teams anyway team keep it clean I appreciate y'all. I love y'all and just like the Browns were for pretty much this entire game I'm out


Going on everyone Sam here with late sports cards open 22 panini. I'm sitting in prison football hobby six-box mixture number 22 random team style There's a look Again at your ran results as always you can find those on the website under the results tab as well as the link in chat Good luck here everybody. He was actually I feel like he was pretty decent in Minnesota though. Donald feel like he was actually like Legitimately like okay to have him as like an everyday starter Okay, it's a four obsidian to prism start with obsidian. Oh, yeah, I know proz is killing it in triple A. I Know thank God There's Jalen Warren purple to 100 for the Steelers as well as a Volcanic's Lamar to 50 14 of 50 for the Ravens Who colored last all right? What's your what's gonna be your prediction here? They go Kenneth Walker Kenneth Walker I'll go Got Kenny pick it Yeah, oh, yeah, that is gonna be Eric P. Congrats Eric With the KP color blast very nice heavy heavy stealer night. Yeah, I know my god It's like I start pulling all the Steelers good God, dude. I swung their gorgeous color blast I'll go right into a mad congrats Eric 71 of a hundred ladenian Tomlinson nice one there for the Chargers on the eclipsed yours You've got to 199 rookie Otto Doric young Chill chill Higley chill Nice one here to 75 sauce Gardner orange Otto congrats Jets. You think it's just because you're breaking tonight You think I have forces here would have been somebody else. Yeah Well, it would have been like bills or dolphins or something of force is here There's the 175 Tyrion Davis price rookie Jersey Otto for the Niners Where's the people in like a Josh Allen color blast is it over already? It's similar in the fourth Shot I ran it. Yeah, I ran into rock. Uh, that's got foster the ref accidentally Green is 250 Skyler Thompson and Jalen Thompson to 75. Did you get anything out of it, Steve? like Willis rookie Ooh, nice, that's gonna be 10 of 10 Elijah Moore two-color patch here. Go Jets on the atomic material red 18 of 50 Traylon Berks three-colored patch for the Titans. We've got a Donovan McNabb Galaxy Inc. Nice one there. That's pretty sick. I'm assuming that goes Eagles I'm just gonna double-check Commanders or Vikings, which it won't be but Yeah So absurd That does sound kind of weird Yeah, that was a sweet Blakers. Yep. Eagles. That'll be number to a hundred. Yeah Yeah, buddy. You know Eagles and 250 that it's gonna be for 18 of 50 Johan Dotson three-color and one-color Jersey. Oh, it's kind of wild if he has Vikings It's kind of cool though Right, or if you like like unique stuff like I have like a body on Instagram who collects like players and obscure Jersey Like autos and patches and stuff so he has like a really cool like Torello ends on the bangles Like stuff like that. Like one year. Yeah. I think we got points in here I'm gonna slide those points out really quick. That is gonna be 1500 not bad All things considered for sure. Hey, have a good one Donald Thanks for stopping in buddy Brian cook color match to 10 that is three of ten nice one there Potentially Connor, they'll definitely be in mixers and stuff. We still have a good amount of 21 product Green Cooper cup 24 50. I don't know if we're gonna do another one boxer of like prism first off the line Just because I think we only have one sealed case left. So I don't know what we're gonna do with that Sauce gardener rookie We've got Erica's Yukama. That's a 50. Wow. That's a nice four-color patch Unbreakable for the fins. Oh four of ten Damian Pierce two-color patch That's sweet sweet teal hot chase for the Texans and then we've got two 175 Kenneth Walker looking Jersey auto for the Seahawks and fields for you personally Connor. Yeah, feels a big chase too now Yeah Yeah All right, we've got Derek Henry to 100 for the Titans, there's a orbital Lamar 62 of 99 for the Ravens Tyler Alger rookie Got to 100 Drake London rookie Jersey card. There's 39 of 50 Jamar Chase two-color two-color two-color 76 of 99 Marcus Jones.  All right two boxes of prison now We go to wave Jerome Ford to 199 for the bronze Pierre Trong jr. And rubber career Silver Barry Sanders nice one there. We've got purple Buddha Baker for the Cardinals to 125 What are we'll end up Trayvon Walker Drake Jackson who the Baker For some break Kenny picket rookie to 225 Collar Murray on the blue purple ice Cardinals Logan Hall and Calvin Austin rookie Silver Alec Pierce rookie nice one there for the Colts orange. Teddy Bruce key to 249 Patriots Got Jack Jones and a Brock Purdy rookie for the Niners Like the big thing for fields is playmaking ability silver Fletcher Cox, absolutely 6175 James Conner green scope auto for the Cardinals Scholar Thompson Johan Dott's they finally got a legitimate weapon to Things were just the Bears and there's not a great like yeah Right not as super recently. Yeah Silver Fred Warner purple ice. I say up a check. Oh a nice one there to 225 for the Chiefs Is a up a check. Oh Jmo and David Bell Jmo Drafton Scott the extender foster Quantre digs hyper to 175 They're Stingley and a lot of Taylor John Dodson fireworks. There's Jack Lambert green scope to 75 for the Steelers Got your quant brisker and to re-gwilling Desmond Ritter instant impact Super short print going to the Falcons To basic case hits that was going to Kyle B. There you go Kyle. Congrats, buddy Super short print instant impact rookie of Desmond Ritter very nice. Congrats on that. These are clean Get that into a mag for you, buddy Daniel Bellinger to 249 rookie For the Giants Malcolm Rodriguez and Drake London. I'm sad. There's no no illusions tonight. Oh, yeah Silver turn with James. Oh my god, Desmond Ritter auto now. Wow Congrats on that Atlanta Kyle B Carson Strong and Jake Ferguson. Honestly, Kellan. I don't know. I don't know who our website is made by silver my home's brilliance Pat Fryer youth two one 99 I mean like Yeah Silver Breeze Hall Really? Yeah, Leonard Williams the 149 really? Yeah, what's the reason come? That's insanity dude, yeah, I don't know if it was like Maybe people just don't like me the I know is it one of those things people don't like because Well, I'm second guys, that's kind of insane actually to me Maybe one of those one things I think those what Von was saying earlier everyone sleeps on the right Inserts yeah other returning short prints include instant impact manga and stained glass. It's in the same realm as Manga and stained glass. That's nuts, dude That's wild. I don't know the profiles to That's wild. That's wild to me All right, I'm two second bucks. Sorry in there. So I'm not gonna take it out. Yeah, true We learned something tonight You could have fooled me on that one Silver George Pickens blue ice the 99 Zika. What's up? Yeah, that I figured for sure over and for Darian Mathis I don't know anyone personally Higley, but there's a good amount of Instagram. You probably yeah shoot him a DM or something There's Logan Hall to one or be a 175 for the bucks. Hi, Chandler, Sam Silver in Hutchinson purple damnerino to 125 Josh Pascal and to Kobe Durant Silver ladenian Tomlinson Quentin Nelson to 175 on the hyper for the Coles Daniel Belanger and Damian Pierce Rookie Vonte Wyatt to 199 Blue wave Bailey Zaffi Zalei Silver Charles Cross red wave Tyler Higby to 149 the Rams Brian Robinson jr. George Carlas this Silver is Rashad Weaver Auto worn sap nice one there for the bucks. That's pretty cool. Congrats on that Tampa Dax Hill and Eric as we come Silver all out Tom Brady hyper Amari Cooper to 175 for the Browns Danny Gray and Ilani Woods Ridiculous still pissed about that Crystal Lave prison break. This is George Kittle to 225 purple ice for the Niners I'm like shocked by that Walker, I mean down the line like Like a drink on the PSA 9 15 bucks popular, I guess not Incredible Crystal Lave emergent romantic Stevenson 190 on blue wave the Patriots Breeze Hall rookie and Kyrie Is that like it looks bad? It looks fine. Yeah, it looks fine I think an issue with it though is I think it used to be just like a regular insert Oh, maybe silver Jeremy Chin. There's nice breeze hall silver rookie auto for the Jets Then they made it like a super like a short grant back Skymore and David a job of I think that was the case Orange John Lynch to 249 For the bucks Jermaine Johnson and Vilas Jones. Let's do a quick recap here guys Oh, no, I actually do the quick points random first 1500 that'll be ran to everybody in the break Every single team I guys will roll the dice whatever team is on top after nine times. Look at the points one two three four five six seven eight and nine go to the Jaguars Jaguars Congrats Jacksonville on that one very nice 1500 points coming away. Let's do a quick recap now the Drake London that Jamar Chase we've got Damian Pierce Erica Zucanma Traylon Perks Elijah Moore Lydianian Tomlinson. Whoa got autos breeze hall Warren Sapp James Connor Trayvon Walker Marcus Jones Kenneth Walker Johan Dotson Donna McNabb Tyranny Davis Price Dreek Young and sauce garden We had Magdekars. We had the instant impact short print of Devin Ritter, which I still think is super under value That's kind of ridiculous We have Devin Ritter auto nice one there for the Falcons and then a Kenny Pickett color blast Nice one there for the Steelers Out of obsidian that'll go for the break guys. Thanks again for the fill up next. We've got For some first off


What's going on everyone Sam here with Leighton sports cards, and I'm doing a little break for Albert s that includes five 2021 Panini national gold packs and for 2022 leaf lumber baseball. So good luck here Albert Do your gold packs first? got Bobby wit jr. Rookie and James Harden velocity Dale Earnhardt jr. Justin Fields rookie hyper. There you go. Nice Card there got Dak Prescott and camo George Brett 19 out of 25 nice one there the pine tarman we got Trevor Lawrence rookie and Bryce Harper on the velocity or not the velocity the height And last pack for you. This one's a little thicker. So we saved it for last. Wow Gold shimmer Jalen waddle 9 out of 10 on the two colored patch Congrats on that one there Albert that's sick dude Congrats, buddy. Nice waddle. We'll mad that one for you and a Mahomes base Let's do some leaf lumber. I Like this product a lot. I want to pull a back knob. I got a one-up Kenzie with the Freakin Ted Williams caught she pulled all right starting picking up literally right where we left off Ted Williams Historical home runs one out of six There you go Albert Game use bat of Ted Williams. That's sick We've got next up is wow 38 out of 40 Mike Sosha. That's cool manager legend He played in the MLB right? Where did you play? I do not remember nice Mike Sosha Got 30 out of 30. That is weapons of mass production Frank Thomas Congrats on that one Albert.  Look at this next one How about four out of seven? signature sticks bat auto Ichiro Bo congrats Albert. What a box dude This stuff is pretty fire. I got to be honest Congrats, dude. That is so nasty on the Ichiro. We'll get that one magged up for you as well. Empty box numero dos That was disgusting. I want to I'll snag a picture of that one too. Oh One out of three Chris Chambliss is the first one walk off roam run in 1976 sends Yankees to the world series Yeah We got game use lumber. This is sick Kirby pocket For the twins. Oh, yeah 11 out of 40 nice hit for you there Albert. That's cool That's sick We've got dual Jim Rice and Dave Parker Heck of a hit right there two out of six on that one al And 1978 al and nl mvp seasons really cool card there. That's unique Another nasty one on the end Got six out of six dual bat auto ricky henderson tim reins Nice hit there albert. That's so cool, dude The dual run ricky ron and timmy reins Congrats buddy. That's sick Oh, yeah Right box number three here We've got con contract hitter joey vato 8 out of 15 10 years 225 million. That's that's such a cool design of a card right there Very good job on this one leaf very good job 8 out of 15 nice joey v We've got uh, Dave kingman That is game use lumber 14 out of 40 Dave kingman. Oh, this is sick We've got silver sluggers 2003 We've got Jorge pesada bret boon mani ramirez albert poolholes carlos delgado vernon wells todd helton and gary cheffield on the eight way That's nasty Came use of all of them Congrats on that one there albert. That's cool And then we've got the triple Of ryan klesko fred magriff chipper jones on the bat rack That is 15 out of 30. I love this design with the bats that are like actually have the wood in them. That's so cool Nice hit for you there as well. And let's make this last box crazy Why not dude like the start to it already We've got berry bonds 10 out of 12 And the game use lumber there you go Giant legend 762 career home runs Um, wow ted williams Rod karoo tony quinn Congrats on that one. That's nasty We got the bat barrel game use lumber john roseboro On the bat barrel One of one congrats on that one albert knew you had to pull you a barrel or a knob out of this We got you the barrel Congrats on that one buddy. That's sick john roseboro Then we've got a printing plate one of one auto that is tom clavin That's who I thought it was just wanted to make sure Nice hit there on the clavin one of one Pretty good box right there That'll do it for your break there albert man. Congrats on all the hits. That was so much fun. Uh, we'll get them right out to you


Please remain standing for the entrance of the Prime Minister and the Governor-General. We begin our prayer in the words of St. Paul to the Philippians chapter 2 verses 13 which says that it is the Lord who accomplishes all that we have done. For God we recognize that it is your grace and generosity which has been bestowed on us that makes us acquire the desire to work and serve. And for this we give you praise. Therefore Almighty God, Creator and Source of all goodness, we thank you for the grace granted all those who have served this country past and present, but especially those to be invested today with the 2018 birthday awards of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. We pray that the selfless service of the recipients will inspire others, especially the youth, to emulate the work they have done, to earn not rewards but awards of recognition of service for the good and welfare of the people of this great nation, St. Lucia. We pray for the families of the recipients who have supported them. May the example of those gathered here who have served continue to give good values spiritually, socially, culturally to further and uplift the fabric under well-being of the society. We pray for His Excellencies and Nervils, Nerville and Lady Julia Snack, and for the Prime Minister and members of Parliament, for their service in guiding the affairs of this country in pursuit of the common good. We pray for long and peaceful reign of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. It is through her kindness that the recipients are being invested with her awards today. We make this prayer of invocation in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, our Lord, amen. Amen. Kindly take your seats, Honorable Prime Minister, members of Cabinet, members of Parliament, members of the Diplomatic Corps, recipients, family members, other distinguished ladies and gentlemen. On behalf of His Excellency, Sir Emmanuel Nerville Snack and Lady Julia Snack, it is my pleasure to welcome you to Government House to witness the investiture of the recipients of Her Majesty's, the Queen's, birthday honours for June 2018 into the order of chivalry of the most excellent order of the British Empire. The most excellent order of the British Empire is the most recent amongst the sovereign's order of chivalry. It was first instituted by King George V by letters patent dated 4th June 1917 to reward services to the war effort by the thousands of civilians and servicemen in support positions during World War I. Also associated with this order is the British Empire Medal, BEM, which was originally awarded for loyal and meritorious service by civilians and military personnel during the Great War over 100 years ago. Since its institution, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II has made subsequent alterations to the status of ordinances to the order, so that awards are now given to those who make distinguished or notable contributions in their own specific areas of activity or for achievement of services to their community or country. The most excellent order of the British Empire consists of the sovereign, be it Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, and a Grand Master, His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh. Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, as sovereign of the order, appoints all members on the advice of Her Government in St Lucia. The number of persons appointed in each class and division of the order is set out in the statutes for the most excellent order of the British Empire, which explains the quota, the quota system used to give these awards on an annual basis. St Lucia's quota for this year's Queen's Birthday Honours List was one commander of the order of the British Empire, two officers of the order of the British Empire, three members of the order of the British Empire, and three British Empire medals. Today, we shall witness the investiture of seven, should have been seven, but somebody called to say that she cannot come, but six of the nine recipients of the twenty eight in Queen's Birthday Honours. As two of the awardees have chosen to travel to the United Kingdom for the investiture, before we commence with the formal investiture of the recipients of the Queen's Birthday Honours, I would like to invite you to sit back and enjoy a rendition from the Royal St Lucia Police Band. Her Majesty the Queen has been graciously pleased and on the advice of her St Lucia Ministers to approve of the following awards in the 2018 Birthday Honours List. CBE, commander of the British Empire, Dr Herbert Marius for services to health care. OBE, to be ordinary officers of the civil division of the most excellent order of the British Empire, Mrs Augusta Eiffel for contribution to education. MBE, to be ordinary members of the civil division of the most excellent order of the British Empire. Mr Alfonso Stevens Stanislaus for services to education and community service. BEM, British Empire Medal, civil division. Mr Julius Ajuda for service to the community. Ms Christina Alcide for service to the community and Mrs Rita Catherine Dyer for contribution to education. Investiture of the commander of the British Empire, Dr Herbert Marius. Dr Herbert Marius has had a long career in the field of medicine spanning over 30 years. Dr Marius as he's affectionately known was born in the village of Derriso where he also completed his primary school education. He later migrated to castries with his parents and at the age of 11 he won the castries city scholarship to St Mary's College and later the island scholarship in 1967 to study medicine in Jamaica. He spent the first two years of his career as a junior doctor with Dr Brian Bennett at the St Jude Hospital. During the course of his career he was the consultant in obstetrics and gynaecology at the Victoria Hospital and also was head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology from 1997 to 2012. In 1998 he was elevated to the fellow of the Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecologists. Dr Marius held clinics for at-risk parents at the old Denry Hospital, St Jude Hospital and the Souffre Hospital on a weekly basis. He volunteered to work for the St Lucia Family Planning Association and was the district gynaecologist. He continues to work with the police in rape cases until this day. Despite his busy schedule Dr Marius also runs a private practice in castries and continues to make women's health his passion. For long and meritorious work in the field of medicine Dr Herbert Marius is being conferred with the award of Commander of the British Empire. Investiture of the officers of the British Empire. Mrs Augusta Eiffel for outstanding contribution to education. Mrs Augusta Eiffel began her teaching career and served for 23 years at the St Joseph's Convent from 1973 as a teacher of math and science. During that time she acquired her Bachelor of Science in Natural Sciences and Mathematics from the University of the West Indies and continued to sharpen her skills by pursuing a Diploma in Education in 1982 with an emphasis in the teaching of physics. She later attained an Executive Diploma in School Administration and a Masters in Educational Administration. She left St Joseph's Convent in 1996 to become the Principal of the Entry Post Secondary School, a post she held for five years before moving to the Ministry of Education as the Registrar of Examinations. She was then promoted to Chief Education Officer until her retirement in 2011. Although retired, Mrs Eiffel continues to provide tuition to secondary school students in the areas of Math, Physics and Chemistry. She provides assistance to schools when called upon and assists teachers in their administrative administering of CXC Science and Math programs. Augusta is the proud mother of two sons and a grandmother of one, but is mother to numerous students who love and appreciate her many years of service. For 38 years of exemplary and dedicated service to education, Mrs Augusta Eiffel is being awarded the Officer of the British Empire Medal. Investiture of the ordinary members of the Civil Division of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire. Mr Alfonso Stanislaus for outstanding contribution to education and community service. Mr Alfonso Stanislaus entered the Teaching Service in 1974 as a pupil teacher at the Lazy Tang Combined School. He transitioned from E-Tang to the Sufret Junior Secondary School as a science and agricultural teacher in 1970. He was later awarded a scholarship to study for a diploma in Science Education at the South Hampton University. Thereafter, Mr Stanislaus completed several other courses including an Executive Diploma in Management with the University of the West Indies. Mr Stanislaus served as the Vice Principal of the Sufret Comprehensive Secondary School from 2000 to 2002 becoming the Principal in 2002 until his retirement in 2006. He remained an avid community leader establishing and serving on several organizations the Sufret Fisherman's Cooperative, the Ravino Mothers and Fathers Group, the Bellevue Farmers Cooperative and the Sufret Regional Development Foundation. For 32 years of committed and outstanding service to education and community, Mr Alfonso Stanislaus is being awarded the Member of the British Empire Medal, Investiture of the British Empire Medal, Mr Julius Ajuda. Mr Julius Ajuda, more affectionately known as Porto, was born and raised in the community of January. He was loved by all for his dedication, diligence, commitment, enthusiasm, caring and creative abilities as he provided support to the marginalized and deprived individuals in the community. Perhaps Mr Ajuda is best known for his ambitious business exploits that he undertook. He experimented with auto mechanics, fishing, farming and bus driving. He kept a hardware and grocery store, a restaurant and a club disco employing several people from the community and he paid special attention to their welfare. He often put up his premises to guarantee loans for community members and allowed several persons to squat on his lands without notice. For his philanthropic, passionate and caring attitude, Mr Julius Ajuda is being awarded the British Empire Medal, Rita Dyer for her contribution in the field of education and her commitment to women's development. Mrs Rita Catherine Dyer began her career in the teaching profession as a family and consumer science teacher at the Entrepost Secondary School. Thereafter, she took up the position of senior lecturer at the Division of Teacher Education and Educational Administration of the Sir Arthur Lewis Community College. Mrs Dyer has served as the Assistant Chief Examiner for CXC examinations and as a moderator for the CSEC examinations in Food and Nutrition from 2009 to 2015. In 2016, she served as the Assessor for the Technical and Vocational Educational Training Unit, TVET, at the Ministry of Education. Internal and External Verifier Training and as an Assessor with the TVET Competency at the Dominica, Goodwill Secondary and Grammar Schools. Mrs Dyer's contribution has not been limited to education. She has given selfless service to the court diversion programs for youth at risk where she served as administrator, as a nutritionist and life skills education for troubled youth at risk, as a consultant for JPEC USAID Youth Entrepreneurship Program, and as a volunteer teacher with the Center for Adolescent Rehabilitation and Education Care. Currently, Mrs Dyer is a consultant with the St Lucia Social Development Fund and the Roving Caregivers for income generation agro-processing activities with vulnerable women in canneries and viewport. For long and meritorious contribution to education and commitment to women and youth development, Mrs Rita Kacarindaya is being awarded the British Empire Medal. Ms Christina Alcide for outstanding service to community. Ms Christina Alcide hails from the community of Babonu. She entered the teaching service in 1957 at the Babonu Infant and Primary Schools. She retired from the teaching service in 1991 and went on to serve at the Babonu Library until 2001. She has a distinguished record of service in the community having founded the Babonu Catholic Church Choir and for many years been a catechist and preparing parents and godparents for infant baptism. Ms Alcide is a past member of the parish pastoral council and a member of the St Lucia Couples for Christ ministry, a lector and canter in the church. She also spends her time organizing Lenten retreats in the parish and remains to this day an animator in the church. Ms Alcide views this as her life's mission and is loved and admired by many. For dedicated service to the community, Ms Christina Alcide is being conferred with the award of the British Empire Medal. Ladies and gentlemen, let's give a resounding round of applause to all the recipients of the twenty-eight inquiries of the owners. I invite us all to listen to another rendition from the Royal St Lucia Police Band. The Prime Minister of St Lucia to deliver the closing remarks. Your Excellency, Sir Emmanuel Neville Snack and Lady Snack, cabinet colleagues, distinguished ladies and gentlemen, good morning or in the spirit of the Creole Heritage Month. It is my privilege to be in such a esteemed company today as our citizens are being recognized and honored for their various contributions as part of Her Majesty's birthday honors. The honor system recognizes those individuals who have made impactful contributions in public life, committed themselves to serving and helping their community or done outstanding work throughout their life that they now stand out as an example for us all. I look around this morning and I see devoted educators who have helped shape the minds of generations, a doctor who brought so many lives into this world and other dedicated community servants who have impacted our nation. We are truly humbled to share this day with you and remain in awe of your achievements. Of course we don't believe any one of you being honored today went about your daily work conscious of being recognized in this way. You did what you had to for your family, for your community, and more importantly for your nation. If we are to consider ourselves as a caring and strong community we must take a moment always to say thank you to those who have contributed and continue to contribute to nation building. Sukarno, a leader of the Indonesian independence movement and Indonesia's first president once said and I quote, a great nation is a nation that respects the services of the heroes. You all qualify as heroes in the history book of St Lucia. Hence although you are here because you travel that extra mile and we wish to thank you this is not only this is not our only reason for this honor. We may also we also do so knowing that your life story will serve as an inspiration to others. Yes in a sense we want to show you off to St Lucia especially to our young solutions trying to make their own way. You see we are fast approaching a very significant milestone in St Lucia. Our island will mark 40 years of independence in 2019. Knowing who we are as people and where we want to go is more important now than ever before. So as we prepare for our 40th independence anniversary celebrations we must highlight and see more faces of those solutions who contribute most times quietly but they have a huge impact on people's everyday lives.  The young person who invent invents or innovates product. The man who volunteers to coach football after school so our kids stay off the streets. Our heroes are everywhere. So at this time I wish to invite solutions to participate in a nomination of outstanding citizens for national awards for this coming February. Hence persons such as yourselves can serve as an example for others as we strive to build a stronger nation. Let me take this opportunity on behalf of the government of St Lucia to once again congratulate all of you and thank you for your outstanding service. I also wish to thank your families for their support in your achievements and for sharing with you all that is at this time because you don't get to where you are without that support system without their sacrifice. I'm sure that your families and friends and colleagues are immensely proud of you. Dr. Hubert Maris, Mr. Gustaf Eiffel, Mr. Calyx Lyon, Ms. Melzar Bruce, Ms. Felicity Lucia, Mr. Alfonius Stanislaus, Mr. Julius Ajuda, Ms. Cristina Alcide and Ms. Rita Catherine Dyer. I thank each one of you for your service to our country and for your contributions to our national development. May God continue to bless you and our island. Thank you very much Prime Minister for those inspiring words. Prime Minister, members of parliament, I almost said colleague ministers, perhaps it's a sign of things to come in the future. Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, His Excellency Sir Emmanuel Neville Snack is very appreciative of your taking time to celebrate with us the investiture of the recipients into the most excellent order of the British Empire and invites you to partake of the refreshments which we will be serving out on the Piazo that is after the national anthem has been played. The recipients are kindly asked to remain here for a short while with the Prime Minister and his Excellency for group photo or for group photographs and ladies and gentlemen please stand for the national anthem of signature.


Thank you very much for the introduction. So this talk is on verifiable delay functions. What is a verifiable delay function, or VDF for short? Well, first, it is a function from some domain x to some range y, meaning that for any input x and x, there's a unique output y and y. And furthermore, evaluating this function incurs a delay, meaning that it can be evaluated in time t, but cannot be evaluated in time 1 minus epsilon t for some small epsilon on even a parallel machine. In other words, it requires sequential work to evaluate, or takes a long time in terms of wall clock time, not just in terms of overall time complexity. And finally, it is verifiable, meaning that anyone who computes the function can also at the same time output a short proof of correctness that anyone else can verify efficiently. A bit more formally, we'll say that a VDF involves three procedures, a setup procedure, an eval procedure, and a verify procedure. And the setup generates the public parameters from a security parameter and a delay parameter t, which determines the sequential work needed by the eval algorithm. Eval evaluates the underlying function and outputs the result along with perhaps a proof, although some constructions may not require a proof. And verify verifies that a given input and output and proof are consistent. Importantly, the eval procedure should run in parallel time t with polylog t processors. And the verify procedure, in contrast, should have time complexity, overall time complexity, at most polylog of t. So in terms of the security properties, soundness captures the uniqueness, or the fact that eval implements a function. In other words, for any given input x, there is a unique output y for which an adversary can produce a correct proof that will be accepted by the verify algorithm. Sigma sequentiality then captures the delay property, where sigma of t is some function of t, which is strictly less than t, say 1 minus epsilon t for some small constant epsilon. And we'll say that if a is a PRAM algorithm that runs in time less than sigma of t, then it cannot compute the correct output of eval, y, on a given input x, with probability greater than negligible in lambda. So this is stated informally now, and in a few slides we'll introduce this a bit more formally through a game. Now, VDFs are very, very related to crypto primitives that you may be familiar with. The first is time lock puzzles dating back to 1996, which also involve a puzzle which requires sequential time to compute. The main difference are that time lock puzzles involve a trapdoor or a secret key setup per puzzle, and therefore they're not publicly verifiable in the same sense. But more recently, proofs of sequential work solve the public verifiability problem, and there's several recent constructions of proofs of sequential work which are publicly verifiable, meaning they do not require any trapdoor or secret key setup per puzzle. But on the other hand, these constructions do not have unique outputs. So they are not functions. To summarize, a VDF minus any one of these properties follows from either easy or follows from previously known constructions. If it's not verifiable, then chaining any one-way function would give you a sequential function. If there's no delay required, and it's just required to have some moderate hardness to compute with efficient verification, then there's many, many examples. For example, discrete log on a small domain. And if it's not a function, then proofs of sequential work suffice. But let me mention one other classical puzzle from the literature that comes very close to a VDF. And this is the problem of modular square roots mod a prime. The puzzle is based on the assumption that there's no log t algorithm that can compute x to the power t mod a prime faster than doing log t sequential multiplications via the repeated squaring algorithm. The way that you would use this to create a VDF-like puzzle is, well, the setup procedure would pick the prime, p. And in this case, we would set p equal to 3 mod 4 so that the eval procedure can compute the square root of a given point x by raising x to the p plus 1 over 4. And that requires log of p sequential squareings. But the verified procedure just requires one squaring to verify the result. So this comes very close to a VDF. The reason that we would call it only a proto VDF is because it doesn't quite have enough asymmetry. Let's see why. So let's say that the time complexity of multiplication mod p is m of p, which is at least super linear in log p. The eval time requires log of p times m of p work. And the verify work is just m of p. So there is a log p gap between the verify and evaluation procedure, but the verify time is not polylogarhythmic in the eval time. And if you want to increase the delay by increasing p, not only introduces more parallelism in the multiplication, it also blows up the size of the proof. So let's now come back to the security properties and define more formally what sigma sequentiality is in terms of a security game. So the sequentiality game will generate a public parameters from the setup algorithm. These will be given to a pre-processing adversary who's allowed to pre-process on the parameters and produce some advice L. This is then given to an online adversary who is given a challenge, a random challenge, x sampled from the domain, and is required to try to output its guess for what the value y is. And we say that the adversary wins the game if this online adversary is able to output the correct y as defined by the eval procedure for the given random challenge x. And we'll say that a VDF is p sigma sequential if there's no adversary consisting of a zero and a one where a zero runs in polynomial time in lambda and a one, the online adversary has pram running time sigma of t on p of t processors. And if no such adversary can win the game with probability greater than negligible in lambda, we'll say that the VDF is p sigma sequential. So before going into describing some constructions of VDFs, I first want to highlight several applications. There are many applications ranging from randomness beacons, multi-party randomness, time stamping, proof of space, and proof of replication or permissionless consensus protocols. But in this talk I'm going to focus on the application to randomness beacons and the related application of multi-party randomness. So what is a randomness beacon? It is a term that was coined in 1983 by Michael Rabin as an ideal service that regularly publishes random values which no other party can predict or manipulate. There are of course many uses for random beacons, most notably running lotteries without a trusted operator or Byzantine agreement protocols. And what is the problem with randomness beacons, the way that they're run usually in the real world today? Well, they're done through these public displays of randomness.  The problem is that this is easily corruptible. In fact, you can watch this YouTube video online where you see that only three balls have come out of the machine, but magically the five winning numbers have already been reported. So clearly something fishy is going on. Another idea, perhaps better, is to use some publicly occurring entropy source. Stock prices have been suggested under the assumption that their unpredictable and an adversary cannot fix stock prices, at least not over a long period of time. But we do know that stock prices are manipulatable to some degree in the short term due to high frequency trading. So let's see how this is problematic if you're going to construct a randomness beacon naively based on stock prices. Let's say that we take the closing prices of 100 stocks on the New York Stock Exchange and hash the prices and extract from it the output of our beacon. The problem is that an adversary, a high frequency trader, just after the prices settle a few minutes before closing can execute say 20 last minute trades in order to influence the seed. The problem is that the attacker can predict the outcome of each of these trades and therefore choose among its actions the most favorable for the outcome. So it can therefore bias the result. And how would a verifiable delay function help with this where the solution is simply to slow things down? So after extracting the value from the hash of the prices we would then run it through say a one hour long VDF which after an hour spits out the final value of the beacon. Now the attacker cannot tell which trades to execute just before the market closes in order to bias the result in a particular way because it cannot predict what the output of the VDF will be on this value presuming that there is enough entropy that it cannot manipulate in the input. The same idea can be used for resurrecting the most simple approach to multi-party randomness generation. And what is this approach? Well just have all the parties submit random values to a public bulletin board. And then determine the output of the common randomness generation as the hash of all these values. Now clearly this does not work because the last party to submit has complete control over the seed. Perhaps they cannot fix it to a particular value based on the security of the hash function but they can certainly choose from polynomially many options and bias the result. So with a VDF we would just slow things down so that instead of choosing the hash to be the output the common random output we would then apply a VDF to add a delay and then hash again to determine the output of the beacon. Or in this case the multi-party randomness generation. So this way Zoe who is the last submit can choose among many different values but she can't figure out how they will actually affect the outcome so she cannot bias the result. Now let me talk about some constructions. I will spend the most time talking about the construction we have in our work which at a very high level involves a change permutation which is fast and slow in one direction but fast in the other and then we'll use a snark or a stark to amplify this into a verifiable delay function and I will explain more details on that but I will also briefly mention some follow up work that came out very recently which takes a different approach of essentially constructing a specialized snark or compact proof of correctness for exponentiation in a group of unknown order. So let's recall the hash chain which gives you a sequential function but not one that naturally admits a way of proving correctness of the computation but we can just combine this generically with verifiable computation which gives you a way of producing a proof that a computation was done correctly. What is the problem with just say using a snark or a stark for this? Well the proof generation is much slower than the hash chain itself. Certainly without massive parallelism to speed up the proof generation. And in terms of security this means that the adversary who is not required to put out the proof but only to compute the output y will be able to compute much faster than the honest eval algorithm which also has to put out this proof. So ideally we should have a construction which can derive the proof and the result roughly at the same time. So the next idea would be to use incrementally verifiable computation which is similar to verifiable computation but allows you to produce the proof as you're doing a computation and update it along the way. So it's simply to compute several steps of the computation then output a proof of correctness of those then compute some more steps of the computation and output an updated proof which both verifies the previous proof and the next few steps of the computation and so on and so forth until you've derived the final result and the final proof which accumulates all the intermediary proofs. So in theory this too would give you this would give you a sigma sequential VDF with a very good sigma of t say one minus epsilon t for small epsilon but we would really like to make this practical and relying on generic IVC would not necessarily give you that. So the first idea is just the natural idea that's used in all snark applications. Well let's first replace the hash function with something snark friendly so something which should have low multiplicative complexity over a finite field but the second idea is to replace the hash function with a permutation row which is slow to compute in the forward direction which is the incurring the delay but much faster or more specifically has low multiplicative complexity over a finite field for the reverse direction. Then the snark or the stark proof can be generated on the reverse direction instead of the forward direction. So what have we gained by doing this? Well the hash function or the now row the permutation we're using can be weaker than a VDF but still a proto VDF or something that still has some asymmetry such as the modular square roots puzzle that I mentioned before which is not quite a VDF if it were we could just use that on its own but it does have asymmetry and therefore can optimize this generic IVC approach. To be concrete how would this compare to using shot to 56? Well if we had a shot to 56 chain then well let me tell you how the square roots chain would work so the square roots chain would be over Fp squared and we do need to add a nonlinear permutation between each of the square roots for reasons that I won't go into otherwise there is a shortcut. So we'll do square roots over Fp squared so that we can add a simple nonlinear permutation such as a coordinate swap that will not incur additional complexity in the arithmetic circuit. So the shot to 56 chain would have 27,904 gates per hash function which would need to go into the snark whereas evaluating the reverse of the square root chain would just involve four gates per hash function. Naturally this motivates the question of whether we can come up with even better asymmetric permutations which are beyond the classical square roots or equivalently cube roots puzzles. So more generally you can think of this as an example of injective polynomial inversion where the slow direction is to find the inverse of a point and the fast is to evaluate the polynomial in the forward direction. Even more generally we could consider injective rational maps on algebraic sets. Let's focus in on the permutation polynomial which is one example of this. So it's just a polynomial on a finite field which permutes the field and because it's a permutation inverting or is equivalent to finding a root say of F of X minus C and this can be done using computing a polynomial GCD which we know how to do using the Euclidean GCD algorithm which involves desecrential steps where in each step there are D parallel arithmetic operations. I should mention that there is also an NC algorithm or a log square depth algorithm for doing this but it requires a large amount of parallelism so order of D to the 3.85 parallel processors. So if we were to use this for a proto VDF then the eval procedure would require D parallelism in order to prevent the adversary from gaining a very large speed up over the honest eval procedure and at the same time we would need to set D so that it's large enough so that D to the 2.85 parallel processors are infeasible for an adversary so this doesn't really give you a theoretical VDF but it does give you some kind of weaker form or proto VDF and what I didn't say that we actually have one of these that works but the ideal holy grail of permutation polynomials would be one which has some tunably large degree independent of the field size remember the field size needs to be exponential in size so the degree can't be the size of the field otherwise there's brute force attacks it should be fast to evaluate so for example a sparse polynomial which can be evaluated in log D complexity and there's no faster way to invert it other than computing the polynomial GCD which is inherently sequential in the degree so if we were to do this then this would give you a puzzle which for which eval and verify have an exponential gap between them it turns out that permutation polynomials are an entire field of mathematics and there's many examples of different kinds of permutation polynomials from the very simple polynomial x cubed which clearly doesn't work for this to more complex polynomials, sparse polynomials of very large degree even degree which is independent of the field size but the problem is that well nearly all of these we can rule out is unsuitable for VDS either because there is another way to invert them which is not through GCD which is efficient such as if it's a linear map or in this other example here the degree is the size of the field and that is unsuitable because the field size needs to be exponentially large but there is this last standing class of permutation polynomials that we haven't been able to attack yet so it's a very interesting open question whether this indeed could be a suitable permutation polynomial for a VDF application so to summarize when you take either an underlying permutation polynomial or the square roots and combine it with the snark or stark IBC approach you get a VDF which has verification complexity order of log t snarks each snark has constant complexity to verify so order of log t complexity overall it has proof size also order of log t it is secure under the assumption that the underlying chain is sequential whether this is a square root chain or an ideal permutation polynomial chain and also based on the security of the snarks or the starks does it involve trusted setup well none if you use starks but even if we were to use snarks and have a trusted setup note that the trusted setup is really does not impact the sequentiality security the sequentiality is not broken if the trusted setup is broken it's only a way of optimizing the efficiency of verification and moreover if we were to use starks then possibly this would be quantum resistant but it's not a simple construction and that's why I will mention some newer VDFs from Pieczak and Wozolowski that came out very recently which essentially constructed a specialized proof of correctness for exponentiation in a group of unknown size so the VDF eval algorithm is to on a given challenge hash the challenge and then raise it to the two to the t which if the group's order is unknown then it requires t sequential squareings we believe and then the cool thing is that they are able to produce a proof of correct exponentiation efficiently that can be verified efficiently as well so that's the end of my talk our paper is on eprint and we also have a survey of the various VDF constructions from 2018 also on eprint thank you very much