I am Devarti Khurshikar. In this last session of an exciting brain series, Time is Brain, I would be presenting few cases of infarcts in different locations.  This was over a period of two days. The patient was a known case of congenital heart disease. He was diagnosed to have tricuspid atresia antinataly, for which he was operated after birth. In view of these findings, an MRI of the brain was performed. The diffusion-weighted images showed that there was a large wedge-shaped area of restricted diffusion on the left side involving the basal ganglia as well as the frontal and temporal lobes. These were the further images which show restricted diffusion. They were appearing bright on DW images and turning dark on corresponding ADC maps. On GRE images, no blooming was seen within it to suggest hemorrhage. Flare images showed hyper-intense signal in that area. Mild mass effect was also seen with effacement of frontal horn of left lateral ventricle. MRI angiography of the brain showed that there was abrupt cutoff within the left-middle cerebral artery in its mid-M1 segment, rest of the left MCA being not visualized at all. Also, the visualized portion of the left M1 segment was small in caliber as compared to right side. So, this was a non-hemorrhagic acute-subacute left-middle cerebral artery territory, in fact, which was due to the thrombosis of left MCA from its mid-M1 segment. This is a very common finding seen in adults due to atherosclerosis but rare in pediatric age group. So, this is a case of a pediatric stroke due to left MCA, in fact. Pediatric stroke is uncommon and the types of pediatric stroke could be ischemic due to arterial or cerebral venous thrombosis or it could be hemorrhagic due to intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage. The arterial ischemic strokes in pediatric age group are classified and have these specific subtypes. But the most common risk factors are congenital or acquired heart diseases as was seen in our case. They could be hematological and metabolic disorders, vascular disorders, infections or uncommon risk factors. This was a 54-year-old female who came with drowsiness and headache since two days on examination she had of thalmoplasia and her GCS was 8. Amara of the brain showed that there was restricted diffusion in the rostral midbrain as well as in bilateral paramedian thalamai. They were appearing bright on diffusion weighted images and turning dark on corresponding ADC maps. This is the sagittal diffusion weighted images which are showing the restricted diffusion in the paramedian thalamai and rostral midbrain. No blooming was seen to suggest hemorrhage and they appeared hyper intense on flare images. MR angiography of the brain did not show any abnormality so did the MR vinogram. So this was restricted diffusion in paramedian thalamai and rostral midbrain with normal angioin vinography suggestive of an artery of perchuron acute infarct. The differential diagnosis for restricted diffusion in bilateral thalamai could be artery of perchuron infarction, deep venous sinus thrombosis or varni case encephalopathy. So this is also called as a paramedian thalamic syndrome and it is a rare type of posterior circulation infarction. This occurs due to a solitary arterial trunk which is supplying bilaterally. It is very difficult to pick up this artery on MR angiography but these are some images which show that there is a single trunk and it is supplying bilaterally. This is 60 years old male who came with alternating hemiplegia and hemianesthesia since 2-3 days. MR of the brain showed that there was restricted diffusion in the medial medulla bilaterally giving a classical heart shaped appearance. There was no blooming on GRE and the MR angiography was within normal limits. So the restricted diffusion in bilateral medulla is due to the medullary infarcts. It is rare and it has a bad prognosis. The classical appearance on diffusion weighted images is of a heart shaped appearance and it is due to one paramedian artery which is supplying both pyramids. This is another similar case which we had in our department where there was unilateral medial medullary infarct. Here you can see restricted diffusion on the medial medulla on the left side. So it is unilateral. So medial medullary syndrome is also called as the inferior alternating syndrome or degerin syndrome. It is usually due to the occlusion of the small branches from the vertebral artery or proximal basilar artery. It is usually the anterior spinal artery which is involved. The classical triad of ipsilateral hypoglossal nerve involvement, contralateral hemiplegia and contralateral hemianesthesia in addition to the classical restricted diffusion within the medial medulla on MRI gives the diagnosis of medial medullary syndrome. 66 years old male came with atexia dysarthria and vertigo. MRI of the brain showed that there was restricted diffusion within the medulla on left side which was posteriorly and laterally. It appeared hyper intense on flare images. So now this is a case of a lateral medullary syndrome which is also called as the Wallenberg syndrome or posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome. It can be associated with vertebral artery dissection or due to thrombosis or embolism of the paica of vertebral artery. It also has a classical triad of symptoms which has a crossed pattern. So there are findings ipsilaterally, contralaterally in association with symptoms due to the involvement of vestibular nucleus. So these triad of symptoms along with the restricted diffusion in the lateral medulla gives you the diagnosis of lateral medullary syndrome. 54 years old male had atexia and swaying to the left side since one or two days it was a known case of hypertension. MRI showed that there was a large wedge shaped area of restricted diffusion within the posterior fossa involving the left cerebellar hemisphere. No blooming was seen to suggest hemorrhage. It was causing mass effect with effacement of fourth ventricle and resultant dilatation of third and bilateral lateral ventricles. The T2 coronal images and the T1 sagittal images show the classical involvement of the inferior cerebellum. So this is a case of a non-hemorrhagic paica territory in fact. 75 years old male came with left sided hemiparesis and homonymous hemianopia. MRI of the brain showed that there was restricted diffusion on the right side within the posterior limb of internal capsule and postrolateral thalamus. So this is an anterior coroidal artery in fact. The anterior coroidal artery has a peculiar distribution and hence gives a classical triad. So it supplies a posterior limb of internal capsule which gives a contralateral hemiparesis. It also supplies a ventral postrolateral nucleus of the thalamus which gives the hemisensory loss and the lateral geniculate body which gives the homonymous hemianopia. The anterior coroidal artery originates from the posterior wall of internal carotid artery, 2 to 5 mm distilled to the origin of PCOM and 2 to 5 mm proximal to the carotid bifurcation. Isolated anterior coroidal artery in fact are rare and they are usually a part of the MCA in fact. You can get the complete triad of symptoms only when it is a large anterior coroidal artery stroke. 26 years old female had a normal vaginal delivery but on 8th postpartum day she developed severe thunderclap headache which was followed by right sided weakness. So an MRI of the brain was done which showed that there were multiple discreet and few confluent areas of restricted diffusion bilaterally. Most of them were in watershed territory areas. They did not show any hemorrhage and on flare they were hyper intense few of them showed mild mass effect. So considering these findings one could think of a embolic or a cardio-embolic stroke. Her MR angiography was very interesting. This is the angiography of the circle of Willis which showed that bilateral internal carotid arteries in their intracranial segments as well as bilateral intracranial vertebral and basilar arteries are good calibred and show good flow. But the bilateral middle cerebral and anterior cerebral arteries are small in calibre and show patchy poor flow. In addition there are multiple short segments of narrowing scene within them bilaterally. Also their peripheral vessels are attenuated. Both posterior cerebral arteries also showed similar findings with multifocal segments of narrowing. The neck vessels showed that there was good flow within the vessels. So this is a stroke mimic which is called as the RCVS or cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome which is reversible. So the classical finding is that the patient presents with a thunderclap headache which is due to the vasospasm of the cerebral vessels and this is reversible. It is more common in females. There are many associated or predisposing conditions such as pregnancy and puperium, exposure to drugs and blood products, high altitude or certain miscellaneous causes. Our case was a postpartum. Initial stages of CT or MRI may be normal but in later on there could be hemorrhages such as convexity, subarachnoid hemorrhage or low bar hemorrhage. There could be infarcts which are there classically in watershed territory areas or there could be only vasogenic edema. There could be findings together, some of them or all of them also. Classically the CSF is normal. Angiography is most important. It could be a CT or an MR angiography or a DSA which shows that there are multifocal narrowing in the circle of villus and its branches. There could be post stenotic dilatations which gives a classical beaded appearance or sausage shaped arteries. A contrast MR angio may sometimes be used if you want to differentiate it from vasculitis in which case you could get enhancement along the vessel walls which are involved.


deleting a mnemonic phrase from a hardware wallet does that make it possible to recover if having access to the hardware wallet or is it still vulnerable from theft after deleting it from the hardware wallet and only having the backup? Harry in most cases deleting the mnemonic phrase from the hardware wallet ensures that it is permanently deleted. I think that is certainly the case in hardware wallets that use a secure element and in hardware wallets that have modern firmware that are very careful to make sure that they properly erase and overwrite with randomness the embedded flash memory effectively that is in the hardware wallet. If we're talking about a lot of money and you intend to keep it in cold storage permanently and keep it only as a backup of the mnemonic phrase I would erase the hardware wallet I would microwave the hardware wallet and then I would hit it with a hammer many many times why not? I am very sure the memory will not survive that microwave ovens turns out you can do more than just reheating stuff with it. If you enjoyed this video please subscribe like and share all my work is shared for free so if you want to support it join me on patreon


There's a portion of Scripture in the Bible that actually gives us everything we need to stand against all the attacks of the enemy. I want to talk to you about the armor of God. Before I begin, if you're watching us on YouTube, make sure you subscribe and click that notification bell when you do so that you can receive notices whenever we release new content. You can also follow us wherever you're watching us. I want to talk to you about spiritual warfare and how it affects you. Spiritual warfare in its simplest definition is simply the fight to believe God's truth over the enemy's lies. For the believer, spiritual warfare is all about overcoming deception. The way the enemy attacks you is through deception. The enemy lies to the believer and those lies, once they are believed, become mindsets or strongholds. And those strongholds cause believers to act and feel in certain ways. And when the believer acts and feels according to those lies, they cannot act or feel according to the truth. So again, spiritual warfare is simply the fight to believe God's truth over the enemy's lies. Now, of course, there are many dynamics of spiritual warfare, and it's important to note that demonic attacks affect believers and unbelievers very differently. When a demonic being attacks a believer, it's all about getting that believer to believe a lie, and of course, that lie produces deception, which produces the stronghold, which produces actions and behavior that are contrary to the way a believer should act or behave. But when a demonic being attacks an unbeliever, it's completely different. We see things like oppression and possession and so forth. But when it comes to you, God's child, it's important that you engage in spiritual warfare, knowing that you are fighting the battle for truth in your mind. Nonbelievers actually don't even engage in spiritual warfare. They don't have the motive and they don't have the means to fight back, but you do. As a believer, God has given you every single thing you need to stand against all of the attacks of the enemy. Now listen to what I'm saying here, because it's important that you hear how I'm wording it. God has given you everything that you need to stand against all of the attacks of the enemies. There's nothing that the enemy can do that God has not prepared you for. I'll show it to you in Scripture. Ephesians chapter 6 will begin at verse number 10. A final word, be strong in the Lord and in His mighty power. Put on God's armor so that you will be able to stand firm against all strategies of the devil. Now wait a minute here. The Scripture says that if you simply put on the armor of God, that you'll have everything that you need to stand against all the attacks of the enemy. That means this portion of Scripture that we are about to read will equip you to stand against every single demonic attack. And this is where believers complicate things. We add to the Scripture and instead of producing power, we produce superstition. Instead of approaching spiritual warfare truthfully, we approach spiritual warfare religiously. And in approaching spiritual warfare religiously, we get caught in confusion. We get taken off track wandering into the bizarre and the weird world of doctrines that are not founded upon the truth of God's Word. Simply put, there's nothing the enemy can do to you if you believe and live according to what this Scripture is telling us, what this portion of Scripture is telling us. There's nothing that the enemy can bring against you that God has not prepared you for. There is no attack outside of this that the enemy can act against you. I'll read it again, put on all of God's armor so that you will be able to stand firm against all strategies of the devil. For we are not fighting against flesh and blood enemies, but against evil rulers and authorities of the unseen world, against mighty powers in this dark world and against evil spirits in the heavenly places. Therefore, put on every piece of God's armor so you will be able to resist the enemy in the time of evil. Then after the battle you will be standing firm. So we have to realize that we are in fact engaged in spiritual warfare. Demons are real, devils are real, spiritual assault is real. Demonic attacks affect and can heavily affect believers. That's a reality. The Scripture tells us of that reality. But on the other hand, the Scripture also gives us everything we need to combat the enemy. And if we will do this, we will stand strong against the powers of darkness. Verse 14, stand your ground, putting on the belt of truth and the body armor of God's righteousness. For shoes, put on the peace that comes from the good news so that you will be fully prepared. In addition to all these, hold up the shield of faith to stop the fiery arrows of the devil. Put on salvation as your helmet and take the sword of the Spirit which is the Word of God. Pray in the Spirit at all times and on every occasion stay alert and be persistent in your prayers for all believers everywhere. Now I want you to notice something. Every piece of armor has to do with either fighting temptation or fighting deception. And temptation really is just another form of deception. Everything we are given, we are given to fight deception. Look at it here. Again in verse 11, the Bible tells us that we are going to stand against all the strategies of the enemy if we apply the armor of God. Now here this word for strategy means deceit, cunning arts, trickery. So deception, we're fighting deception. The belt of truth. Truth is believed in the mind. The body armor of righteousness, there again we see temptation which is a form of deception. But righteousness, in order to live righteously, you must be of the right mindset. First you believe according to the truth and then you live according to the truth. We see the shoes of peace. Peace is something that takes place in the mind. He gives you peace of mind. That peace comes when you believe the message of salvation. The shield of faith. This is belief in the word of God. Belief in the promises of God. Belief in divine truth over demonic deception. Shield of faith. Helmet of salvation. Now even if the helmet doesn't necessarily have anything to do with the mind, at least in this context, that doesn't mean that salvation doesn't ultimately come by faith. And then we see the sword of the spirit. And before I talk on the sword of the spirit, let me point out once more. Belt of truth. Armor of righteousness. Shoes of peace. Shield of faith. Helmet of salvation. All of this has to do with the mind. Overcoming deception and temptation, which again is another form of deception. The sword of the spirit. Now all of the other pieces of armor are defensive. The sword of the spirit is offensive. It's by using all of the other pieces of armor that we defend ourselves against the deception of the enemy. But it's only by the sword of the spirit, the word of God, the truth of the word of God, that we utterly destroy the lies that even lead to deception in the first place. So if we want to engage in spiritual war, we must pick up the armor of God. We must wear that belt of truth. We must walk in righteousness. We must carry the peace of God. We must use the shield of faith.  But that sword is key because you can't live on the defensive forever.  You must go after the enemy in your life and you go after the enemy, not through ritual, not through incantation, not through renouncing this or renouncing that, not through special sessions that are drawn out, simply by the word of God. You will know the truth and the truth will set you free. Where the spirit of the Lord is there is liberty and the spirit is definitely in the sword of the spirit. So instead of just defending yourself and living your spirituality on the defensive, constantly worried about how the enemy might attack you, go after him with the sword of the spirit. So if the enemy tells you that you're alone, you attack that lie with the sword of the spirit by saying he will never leave me nor forsake me. When the enemy tells you that you cannot be forgiven, you attack that lie of the enemy with the sword of the spirit by saying that he is faithful and just to forgive my sins. When the enemy tells you that God has abandoned you, that you're not loved, that you're not going to make it, you fight back with the truth of the Word of God. But if you're not in the Word and you don't know the truth, how are you supposed to attack the enemy? How are you supposed to tear down those strongholds? How are you supposed to destroy the deception of the enemy? You need the sword of the spirit to fight the lies and tear them down. So yes, live righteously. Yes, live with peace and truth. Yes, put on the armor of God, but also take the sword. Fight this battle for truth. And you will find that once you begin to believe according to God's Word, you will begin to feel and act according to God's Word. See, a lot of people approach spiritual warfare from the other way. They approach it from their feelings. They approach it from their religious acts. But instead of approaching it from the outer man, approach it from the inner man where there's true power by attacking the enemy at the root of his assault. Get to the bottom of the lie. And the only way you're going to expose the lie is through the light of truth, the sword of the spirit. So it's time to take up the armor of God. He's given you every single thing that you need to stand against the enemy. Take up that sword. Take up the armor. Defend yourself. Believe the promises of God. Put on truth. Put on peace. Put on righteousness.  Father, in the name of Jesus, I pray right now for that one receiving this, and I ask you, Lord, to reveal truth. Help us, Lord, to be equipped with your armor. Help us, Father, to be equipped with truth, that we might destroy the works of the enemy in our lives, that we might destroy the deception of the enemy, that the light of your truth dissolve every shadow of deception. Equip us gone, that we might engage in this battle that rages in the spirit. In Jesus' name we pray. And I want you to say it because you believe it. Say amen. Well, that is it for the lesson here now is a question for conversation. What are some common lies that the enemy uses to deceive Christians? Tell me about it in the comment section. Now here are some comments from a previous video titled, Do What Jesus Did, Four Ministry Secrets of Jesus. Morgan Whitlow writes, I'm so thankful for the teachings of this ministry. I could feel the power of the Holy Spirit as we prayed at the end of the sermon. Ringu M writes, This was so inspiring, Pastor. Thank you for your ministry. Blessings from India. Judith Perez says, Thank you for sharing. The way you teach is so easy to understand. Tessie Mueller writes, Thank you so much, David, for this teaching. The Holy Spirit spoke to me through it. You inspired me so much. God bless. And the final comment comes from Emily Laramore, who writes, This teaching so blessed me, it was extremely helpful. And during the prayer, I felt the Holy Spirit's power. One more time, I want to remind you, if you're watching us on YouTube, make sure you subscribe and please click that notification bell. Also, leave a like on this video to help support and spread the gospel message. And another way you can support is by giving to this ministry and supporting it financially. 1 Corinthians chapter 12 verse 27 says, This all of you together are Christ's body. And each of you is a part of it. Do you realize that when you give to this ministry, you are joining hands with other believers from all around the world. And it's what we do together for God that yields the greatest results. When you give to this ministry, you're not just partnering with me or with Stephen Mock the zoomer or team members. You're also partnering with thousands of believers from all around the world who are putting their resources into this ministry. Everybody counts. Every donation counts. Every partner counts. So I don't want you to count yourself out. I don't want you to say, Oh, whether I give or not doesn't matter. You matter the one watching this right now. You matter your support matters. So become a monthly partner of this ministry by going to David Hernandez ministries.com slash partner, sign up for a monthly gift. You can also give a one time gift of any amount by going to David Hernandez ministries.com slash donate. All of your support goes to the media, the live streams, the events and the Holy Spirit School and much, much more help us continue to take the gospel all around the world in the power of the Holy Spirit. Do that today. Partner with us on a monthly basis by going to David Hernandez ministries.com slash partner, give a one time gift by going to David Hernandez ministries.com slash donate. Thank you and until next time remember nothing is impossible with God. Thank you for watching Encounter TV. Don't forget to subscribe and click the notification bell. Also help us spread the gospel of Jesus Christ in the power of the Holy Spirit. Make a one time donation or become a monthly supporter by clicking on the donate link now.


This study found that developing physical literacy among secondary school students can help them improve their physical activity levels, reduce their fat mass, and increase their cardiovascular fitness. This suggests that promoting physical literacy programs in schools may be a useful strategy to combat overweight and obesity in adolescence. This article was authored by Charlie Nezendette, Joseph Ghandru, Philippine Nguyen, and others.


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to a new Zor education. I would like to continue solving problems for inverse trigonometric functions. This is the second lecture dedicated to these problems. Problems are very simple. I do suggest you to do it yourself first, and only then listen to the lecture. Well, basically, this lecture will be very much like the previous one. I'll just change slightly the arguments in the functions. But again, the purpose is to evaluate the value of the inverse trigonometric function. All right. Without further ado, let's do arc cosine of 3,5 over 2. What we need right now is two functions actually. One function is sine, another function is cosine, and then we'll have to inverse the cosine. So first, let's evaluate this. So 3 pi over 2 function sine is this one. So it's 0 pi 2 pi. So 3 pi over 2 is where the function is equal to minus 1. So this is minus 1. That's done. Now, what's the arc cosine of this? Well, let's think about the graph of the arc cosine. First, graph of the cosine is this one, from 0 to pi over 2 pi, 3 pi over 2, etc. So we have to concentrate on the area where the cosine is inversible and this is the area where the cosine is monotonic. The one which is chosen is from 0 to pi, which is this piece. So the question is, within this area where the cosine equals to minus 1, obviously it's pi. So the angle cosine of which is equal to minus 1, within this boundaries is pi. So this is equal to pi. Arx sine of cosine of minus pi. So again, it's two steps first, evaluating cosine of minus pi. Now the cosine was this. This is 0 pi over 2 pi. So minus pi, this is minus pi, minus pi over 2. So the area of the cosine of minus pi is minus 1. So I have to find arc sine of minus 1. Now let's talk about what's the arc sine look like. The graph of the sine is this one. The area where the sine is monotonic is this one, from minus pi over 2 to pi over 2. So only within these boundaries, we have to look for an angle sine of which is equal to minus 1. So what is this angle? Obviously it's minus pi over 2. That's the answer. Next, arc cotangent of minus pi. OK, tangent of minus pi. Well, tangent is, I don't really have to do it with a graph. I think I can do it mentally. Tangent is sine over cosine. Now sine of minus pi is equal to 0. So tangent is equal to 0. Cosine is something else, minus 1 or something. So it's 0. Now, so where is the arc cotangent of 0? So which angle has a cotangent equal to 0? But not any angle. We need an angle from the range of the function arc cotangent. So let's just draw the cotangent first. And I do remember it looks like this. That's the area of where it's monotonic. So from 0 to pi is the range of the angles. We have to really evaluate our function arc cotangent. So which one of those where the cotangent is equal to 0? The cotangent of this should be equal to 0. Well, obviously it's this point. It's pi over 2. So that's the answer. So I deliberately did not draw the other branches of function cotangent because they are outside of the area where the inverse function is defined, versus defined only from 0 to pi. Next arc tangent of cotangent of 3 pi over 2. OK, now I just draw the cotangent. I'll just repeat it. OK, that's how it was from 0 to pi. But now we need another branch of the cotangent because we are looking for 3 pi over 2, which is here. So this is equal to 0. Now I have to find an angle tangent of which is equal to 0. Tangent, because this is arc tangent. So I have to find an angle tangent of which is equal to 0. But this angle should belong to the area where the tangent is inversible. Now tangent is inversible. I'll use the same graph, actually. Tangent is inversible from minus pi to pi. This is the tangent branch where we are considering arc tangent in that inverse function. So where exactly is equal to 0? Well, obviously it's this point where the angle is equal to 0. So the answer to this is 0. OK, two more. Arc secant of secant of minus 2 pi. Arc secant of, sorry, arc cosecant of secant of minus 2 pi. All right. Now secant is 1 over cosine, right? 2 pi is a period of the cosine. So the cosine of minus 2 pi is the same as the cosine of 0, right? I just add 2 pi, the period, to the argument. And cosine of 0, we do remember, which it is, it's 1. So this is 1. Now let's talk about cosecant. Cosecant is 1 over sine. So let's draw the graph. Now sine is equal to 0 at 0 pi 2 pi minus pi. So 1 over sine, which is the cosecant, would be obviously this. Where exactly the function is monotonic, the cosecant? Well, we have traditional put it from minus pi over 2 to pi over 2. And these two branches, this one and this one, constitute the piece of the cosecant where it's inversible. So we have to find an angle from minus pi over 2 to pi over 2, cosecant of which is equal to 1. And obviously it's this one, this point, this is 1. So it's pi over 2. Result is pi over 2. That's the angle. That's the angle. The cosecant of which is equal to 1, which is the secant of minus 2 pi. And the last problem in this series, secant of cosecant, arc secant of cosecant of minus 3 pi over 2. So let's start with the cosecant. Cosecant of minus 3 pi over 2. Again, let's just think about it. Cosecant is 1 over sine. Period is 2 pi, obviously. So if I would add 2 pi to this argument, nothing's changed. I add 2 pi to minus 3 pi over 2, I will have pi over 2. So it's the same as cosecant of pi over 2. Now, 1 over sine of pi over 2. Now sine of pi over 2 is equal to 1, right? Remember, 1. So 1 over would be 1 as well. So this is 1. Now let's talk about secant. Secant is 1 over cosine, right? So let's do the cosine. Cosine is this 0 pi over 2 pi. So this is the area of monotonicity, monotonic behavior of the cosine. So we have to find our angle from 0 to pi. Now the graph of the secant would be this. So that's where we have to really look for the value of 1. So very exactly within these boundaries there is an angle secant of which is equal to 1. Well, obviously it's this point, right? So it's angle is equal to 0, and the secant is 1. So the answer to this is 0. Well, that's it for this particular set of problems. I do suggest that you go to unison.com to notes for this lecture. That's where you have all the problems and answers actually as well. And try to do it yourself using basically the same technique. Well, other than that, thank you very much, and good luck.


Good morning, everyone. Yes, thank you, and now for inviting me for presenting this information today. Again, this is about the new Muscadine cultivar releases, and one may wonder if we have currently over 500 cultivars of Muscadine's why we need to speak and why the breeders need to develop new cultivars at all. So I'm going to try to explain why. Next slide. Yes, Muscadine's are a crop that is very popular in the southeastern United States, and their reasons for the popularity, and there are some reasons for the crop not being as popular in other parts of the countries like in the north or in the west of us. So why they're so popular here? Well, this is a native crop. The first Muscadine vine that was a named cultivar is located in North Carolina and is still alive. It is over 400 years old and is still producing fruit every year. So that tells us Muscadine's are very well adapted to the hot and humid climate in the southeastern. They're pretty much very resistant to different insect and diseases that other types of grapes are experiencing in the southeastern, and most of the cultivars of Muscadine's are resistant to the most deadly disease, the pierces disease. They're also very good and in my opinion for right now probably the only candidate for from fruit crops for organic production. So this makes them exceptional in these terms. They're also highly productive and very versatile crop. They could be used fresh as a dessert on your table. They could be processed into juices, pies, gems and jellies, a lot of products based on Muscadine's. So with that, let me look at some of the characteristics that a juice cultivars need to have to be so popular and demanded on the marketplace. A very important characteristic is the amount of yield or productivity of cultivar that is being grown for juice production. Also, the quality of the juice is not the same based on the cultivar, so there are some cultivars that are more feasible for juice production. On the other hand, the size of the berries is not as important in this situation because of course those berries will be smashed anyhow. But the pigment stability is a very important factor in choosing a purple juice grape for juice production. Muscadine's are well known with the fact that their pigments are not as stable as the pigments in vinifera and some other types of grapes. What happens over time is the juice is taking on a brownish color and is becoming very unattractive on the marketplace. So noble for now is the only cultivar that is popular because its pigments are more stable and they keep the good quality of the color of the juice for a longer period of time. What are the important traits that we need to look for in a fresh market cultivars? Of course, they need to have those large berries, large berry size that is attracting customer in the marketplace. Another important kind of biological trait, they need to have this dry picking scar or stem scar and this is the point where the pedestal is being attached to the berry. So very often, for some cultivars, the berries, when you are harvesting the berries, the skin around the pedestal is being torn and this is because mainly those berries are not completely fully ripe at this point of time, but there is also some genetic predisposition to this trait as well. Another important feature for fresh market berries, they need to be very sweet and very flavorful, very aromatic and most of the cultivars are having these characteristics, but some of them are better than others. Uniform ripening for concentrated harvests may be important if you don't have like you pick operation if the farmer harvests the crop. On the other hand, in situations like you pick, we might need the cultivar to have more extended season of ripening so this can attract more you pickers to come to your vineyard. The appearance of the berries is also very important and again, the larger they are, the better they are like by the consumer. What is the most important biological characteristic of muscanines, unlike any other grape species, they require polynyzers. They have three types of flowers, male, female, and they have these perfect flowers. And different cultivars are having some of those characteristics, mainly male cultivars are found in the wild and they're not in production, so I'm not presenting them here, but on the picture, you can look at the female cultivar PAM and you can see that the hunters are not well developed on a female cultivar. On the other hand, we have noble with those perfect flowers, perfect flowers, what we call them, and this cultivar is self fertile. Very often, noble is being used as a colonizer for many other. One inconvenience when you are cultivating female cultivars of muscanines, you need to think of planting a pollinizer and very often to pollinizers, cultivars are recommended. So the grower not only needs to arrange for marketing the major cultivar that he is growing, but also he needs to find markets for the pollinizer cultivars. So as you can figure out, the breeding programs have different goals today, and some of the features are more important than others, but of course the breeders need to think of the use of the cultivar, either it's going to be for juice production or fresh market production, and from there go and try to develop cultivars with those desirable traits. One major biological trait that every breeder is looking at this is the cultivar adaptation for the environment in which it is going to be grown. And for now, muscanines are mainly grown in the southeast, but not all region in the southeast are equal. For example, the highly productive muscanine supreme is experiencing a lot of cold damage, especially in the spring, in the mountains of North Georgia. So breeding and developing cultivars that have more cold hardiness is one of the goals of the breeding programs. The other feature, as I just mentioned is the pollination biology. It is well known that female cultivars are producing the largest berries of muscanine, but this inconvenience of having to plant another pollinizer cultivar comes with that feature. So breeders are looking to develop more self fertile cultivars that would produce those large berries like the female cultivars do right now. The season of ripening is related to your harvesting season and your market options so extending or concentrating the cultivar that would extend or concentrate the ripening for your operation would be important. Another important characteristics of those muscanines is the quality of the fruit in the flesh and also the skin quality. We all know that our muscanines are having those tough skins and they're hard to chew especially in combination with those large seeds that are found in those cultivars. So many breeding programs now are looking to develop seedless muscanine cultivars and it is not an easy task mainly because of the genetics of muscanines and other types of grapes. Muscanines have different number of chromosomes than most other grapes. So this is the process of breeding seedlessness in muscanines is requiring a lot of time and a lot of effort. The good characteristic especially for fresh market cultivar would be the percentage of berries with dry stem scar as I mentioned is turning the skin around the pedestal at the time of harvest can reduce significantly the storability and the shipability actually of the muscanine. So developing cultivars with high percentage dry stem scar is really important and of course disease resistance is always on the radar of any breeder. And some earlier releases I will present this majesty that was released by Florida AM in 2008. We have seen somewhere written that if you'd like to impress your visitors especially they're not from around with a nice large size berries of muscanines you should find a grower who has majesty. So this cultivar is probably still the producer of the largest berries that we have right now on the market so the average berry size for majesty is reported to be close to 17 grams. In addition, majesty has firm flesh texture, and one of those other features that I mentioned the skin of majesty is relatively thin. So this is one of the first to have this wonderful attribute. The color of the berries is reddish to black and this cultivar is being reported to be highly disease resistant. In terms of productivity, I have seen kind of contradicting reports probably in Florida where it was developed is very highly productive but some reports from Georgia for example, are not agreeing completely with that report. So this kind of shows the importance of each cultivar being tested for each environment where it's going to be grown. Majesty also requires a polymerizer cultivar for optimal production. Well, the next cultivar I wanted to mention is Yodora. It was developed at USDA in Poplarville Mississippi and released in 2009. Yodora has medium to high yields and the berries are reported to be large. I think they might be on the borderline, medium to large. They're reported to be like 10 grams. Yodora also has this nice attribute of high percent dry scars and needs to be planted with another cell for tile cultivar. A good quality of Yodora, it may be cluster harvested because the berries are evenly ripening on the cluster, which is a feature that brings it closer to vinifera or French grapes. And this is the easiness at harvest, cluster harvesting of course. With that, I'm going to transition to some of the newest University of Georgia, Muscadine releases, and this image represents whole. Muscadine that was released in 2014. And this is a cell for tile and large rooted muscadine cultivar. Remember, usually cell for tile cultivars are producing smaller base, female cultivars up until now were producing the largest base. But color is changing that tendency. So this is one of the earliest varieties that farmers can pick. The harvest in Georgia begins in late July. So most of the information that I'm going to share about the new releases is coming from the breeders and those breeding programs where the cultivars were tested for a couple of years. There are not a lot of other research reports from other locations, but we will try to address this with an experiment in Alabama, in central Alabama. So whole berries are sweet. They can be picked early and whole produces very attractive color that the consumers in the Southeast prefer. You can see there is more yellow in the color. So another release from University of Georgia is Lane. It was released in 2012. It is another cell for tile. First early ripening black cultivar. So it kind of combines three important and features cell for tile cultivar with early ripening season that produces black berries. So this is the first early black berry, black cultivar on the market. The berries are large, but smaller than supreme cultivar produces. They're reported to be on average 10 grams. The vigor is moderate and the yield is lower than supreme and tarot, those high producers of masculinize, but is better than most of the other female cultivars. Lane has a tendency to split and tear during picking. So it really needs to be picked at the right moment at the right time. The flesh of the cultivars is kind of firm and that prevents leakage during storage and shipping to some extent. So this is a nice feature for Lane. Another new release is poke. It was released in 2017. It is also cell for tile. You can see that this breeding program kind of focused on perfect flowering cultivars. It is ripening during mid season and produces large fruited berries. So 15 grams on average. This is pretty large and larger than some of the female cultivars can produce, for example. It has long pedicels and this makes easy to pick the single berries. They have a high percent of dry stem scar. So pretty good in this direction. Significantly larger grapes than other cell for tile cultivars. Poke, of course, does not need a pollinizer to produce large fruit. Rubycrisp is the latest released from the University of Georgia breeding program. It is also cell for tile, mid season ripening, and yields are among the highest. The percentage of wet scar split is higher than whole and poke. So that's not that good. But berries are very attractive. As you can see on the image in the middle, we can look at this. Rubycrisp with kind of brighter red berries, very, very attractive to the eye. Have a good flavor. But because of the wet stem scar is probably recommended more for home gardener views. The firm flesh and tender skin of Rubycrisp makes it distinctly different from the other tested Mascarine cultivars and more similar to the texture of the Vitis vinipera or the French table grape cultivars. Also, the other feature the breeders were developing berries are non-slip skin and the berries skins have a neutral flavor as well. So this brings it closer to vinipera or the French grapes as well. Saran home was released by Florida. It is again hybrid between Mascarine, the French grapes and numerous other species of grapes. The berries are considered to be on the smaller side, but the flavor is good and the overall quality of this cultivar is good. It has this crisp flesh texture that the breeders are looking to develop as well. So when you eat it, it reminds you of the normal French type of grapes. Southern home is also recommended for more for home gardeners because mainly because of the small berry size. But it also has this wonderful ornamental quality. You can look at this cut leaf pattern and in the fall everything kind of turns bright red and it's a wonderful wall of bright red leaves of Southern home.  Of course, resistant to xalala for stdls. So it makes it very feasible for home production. With that I'm going to transition to two cultivars that were developed by private breeding programs recently. And the first of them is Rasmadas, Gardens of Life released this cultivar. It is a hybrid between mascadines and French grapes. It is seedless and also self-fertile. It is reported to be continuously fruiting along the shoot, so that is a good feature because the number of clusters is reported to be higher for this mascadine. It is also reported to be highly disease resistant. The berries are sweet and tasty with a crisp texture. So going away from this sleep skin type of mascadines that we know of right now with the newer releases. Rasmadas is having some dwarfiness in it. So it's reported to be able to be grown successfully on your patio. So if you're looking for a smaller plant or edible plant, you can consider Rasmadas for sure. The other Gardens of Life release that is seedless also is Omai. This is reported to be the world's first truly seedless mascadine. It is self-fruitful, disease resistant, cold hardy and produces high yields over 40 pounds of fruit per mature vine. You can look at the color. It is really very attractive bronze color. The skin is reported to be tender and the fruit is sweet and aromatic, everything that you can expect from a mascadine grape. So as I mentioned, this information is coming from other vocations and I outlined the importance for each growing environment to have their own information on the performance of those cultivars. And here we are in 2019. We established this experimental plot, the Children's Research and Extension Center to evaluate some of the newly released cultivars with improved qualities. And the list of cultivars is here on the right-hand side. So we have Polk, Lane, Col, Eudora, Supreme, and we have Rasmadas and Southern Home as well, even though those are more for homeowners use. But also we acquired some advanced selections from two breeding programs, one in the University of Georgia and the other from the University of Arkansas, and they are also mentioned. So the number of cultivars and selections here is 13 and all of them are grown in this replicated study. So the older plants were planted in 2019 and another set of cultivars in 2021. So we're using the typical planting distance for mascadines, 20 by 12. And last year they produced some clusters, but we declustered the vines to provide the roots a better chance to establish and for the longevity of those cultivars. So right now we're looking to evaluate the first crop in 2022 season and this picture is taken last Friday from some of the cultivars and we're hoping for a good season so we can evaluate and distribute information to our growers. So with that I thank you for your attention and I don't know if there is time for questions.


Hello, what's poppin? We are on twitch. We are not live, but you can leave a like comment subscribe turn on your post notification bells Man, let's continue to grow the family from Chicago to the UK. Um, I don't regret Y'all see it This is la la la Bible TV. Damn.  I feel like I can fit like relate to this Because living in Chicago is some things that I've had to do That I don't regret But let's get into it Allegedly some things that I had to do You rapist monster man is not taking this baseball bat off of me So if I have to keep swinging it and hitting you so you can't take it off of me Maybe turn it back on me then that's what's gonna happen and I just kept swinging it until he stopped trying to grab it Okay, la Bible waiting let the whole story go in the beginning. Damn. I'm still gonna watch it Y'all just gonna come at him like that 19 minutes with a murder And then y'all gave him the basic font to y'all even I What kind of kid were you when you were growing up active energetic confident I was welcome. I wasn't shy. I Kind of I don't know. I felt like a bit of a protector around my friends that I felt were vulnerable You know and stuff like that bit of a defender if you could say that, you know I don't know. I was a type of teenager that just wouldn't have it in it I wouldn't take anybody fully in me or take an advantage of me anything like that And I didn't like people taking advantage of anybody close to me neither, and What would you say Well, it has to be in 2003 and my best friend at the time called me he told me that Him and his girlfriend. He was with at the time. He gave her a bit of a Rough patch not talking to each other.  I want to say something, but I want to be respectful at the same time Which I was going through a rough patch in a relationship On and off Relationship things and stuff like that. So apparently you wanted to give us some privacy Have a conversation in the bedroom. So she went with them took a drink in the bedroom and then he closed the door He forced himself on top of her She's told him to get off.  I'm gonna do this all the time She was crying and saying telling him to get off and he wouldn't stop and he wouldn't get off And she was terrified and scared. So she just let him do what he wanted to do until he stopped We're not quite fast. I don't niggas do that. Like, how do you live with yourself?  She just let me do what he wanted to do until he stopped We might quite first told me what happened. I said to him Why didn't your girl go to the police and he said she's scared to go to the police and she just wanted him to do something to just stop this man from You know trouble in there again Confronting I don't rock with 12 but in these situations go to the police I don't care Because I'm like like if my Oh, no Somebody close to me on my like my girl if I have one Say something like that to me can now we both in a super dick in that me and dude Because I'm fun to knock his head off With a G lock period How much did you know about this man? Nothing much really Apart from that he was calling himself a gangster from the area and This is what he was telling her and she was obviously relaying that to my boy related to me You know, so we didn't really know much. She's called big in himself up making himself seem tough I said like I said gangster this that any other guy's working for him and stuff like that. So To hear that on top of what you already done In my mind was intimidating. I was like wow this guy. He's doing a lot. So He's not to be taken lightly, you know Approach this man with caution exactly. That's what I got out of it. Oh, you want to go you built like that All right, so when I come for you, I'll come on out you with the full force of this job The full force of this thing Approaching somebody that's done something so vicious so savage so one you know, you know, man's moving like an animal Leave like an animal of us could be walking into a situation confronting this man will be will end up hurt or Even worse Was my boys plan and Even worse this is a serious situation, but any nigga This dark-skinned it Like me. I'm dark-skinned it believe me. These lights are doing a wonderful job Didn't even get this dark skinned it with a bucket hat on it's not to be messed with. It's a serious I he's he's here for business Don't play with dude. He's not for play You feel me? That's all I got to say was my boys plan and his girls plan and what they done basically is phone the man back Sim phone the man back and She asked him to come and meet her The plan was he was gonna pull up at the bus stop what he did and Then meet her and was in a phone box waiting for him The two baseball backs when he did arrive Came out the phone box. I don't even understand this like okay, so dude thirst thirst thirst monster still thought he was sweet after that happen like Okay, I approached him As he was talking to the girl He saw us coming He grabbed the girl and held her like as in like a shield so automatically as well in my head I'm thinking wow this guy done something he knows what he done something wrong because why would you see two people coming towards you? Even if you see them with baseball bats in your hand unless you've done something wrong and got a guilty conscience Why are you gonna grab the female that you've come to?  My reaction was to hit him with the bat to get him off of the girl My boy done the same thing hit him a few times let go of the girl Then obviously he was trying to disarm me and take my back off of me Because at these times I think I called these over across the road smashing up the car I'm Tossing him with the man getting back and forth. He's trying to get the battle for me I'm hitting him some more you dropped on the floor on my knee And then I just ran across the road shatter to my boy. Let's go. We ran off Okay So when he left he was just on the street. He was just lying down on the floor Yeah, I didn't leave him lying on the floor. He was on one knee like he broke his foot and he was on one knee What emotions were you going through when you took that revenge? It was more just a human reaction thing in it you Rapist monster man is not taking his baseball bat off of me So if I have to keep swinging it and hitting you so you can't take it off of me Maybe turn it back on me then that's what's gonna happen and I just kept swinging it until he stopped trying to grab it From where I lived at the time we could see the Police put up the tent around his body and wonder if it was a wooden bat or was it a steel bat like a like a aluminum bat? Sounds like it was aluminum These are the questions that I have no regular questions, but I want to know if it was aluminum or not road taped off and Stuff and they were just there for hours That's why I started to think this is probably gone way too far because why is there a tent around him? Why don't they just put him in an ambulance and take him off like what's going on? Usually tent means corpse Blue tape can't what was going on? Is this man dead? He can't be dead. I only hit him a few times with a baseball bat What My boy Listen This may can't be dead. No way I only hit him with blunt force trauma a couple times in the in the temple head area behind the ear top of the cranium I socket Heart yes, sir, that'll do it You know looking back on it again How many times that I actually hit him is that I don't know because it's in the heat at the moment when you're swinging and swinging You don't know I'm not keeping count It's about I don't know five or six days later crime stoppers put posters up around the streets where it happened CCTV guy died has any information on this man Because he's not known to the police obviously he was in the country on a Legal passport whatever legal immigrant wherever they call it visa So they wanted to know who he was and any information so There was a point where I kind of accepted if I get caught I get caught because It is what it is and it must be part of my destiny and it must be part of my fate I've just accepted it in it like you're done the crime. I don't care if I gotta do the time I'll do it in it. So at least I can say I know what I done So righteous reason behind this and I've done it.  I don't condone that I'm playing. I'm gonna relax To this day, you know, it's a strange feeling Sometimes you don't really know what that feeling is but it's there. It's hard to explain Feel bad about yourself and only question yourself like I'm a bad person or my good person, you know, am I wrong am I right? I know my religious person as well. So I think it's in the hands of God in it God to judge me no one else So, how did you get called? How did you get arrested? And it's about a month off though or something like that then all of my door my colleagues door my sister's door It please kicked off about five or six doors simultaneously And just arrested whatever some murder or suspicion of murder the court hearing was hard, you know for me because All I'm thinking is I just want this jury to hear from the girl So they can put their self in my shoes and feel like how I felt that night Then I go and be like, well, are you gonna go out and help this girl and tell this rapist man to stay away from her? Or you just want to sit on your hands and do nothing. So the jury they were asking Where the girl is in our trial because she was excluded from our trial She's got plea bargain for conspiracy to assault She's all the reason why her why this all started. So we're not gonna hear from the guy. You need to hear from her They didn't get to hear from us. Oh, she got the plea and left y'all like that So now remember I was gonna say something before I'm gonna say it now I'm gonna say it now because now I feel some type of way about her. Um, Are you that naive to go into a room? Oh, I want a little privacy. We're talking about relations He's probably been I use the whole time That night we have to go in that room and close that door Come on, bro. I don't I damn near don't believe her Then she copped a plea like all right sitting in there. I mean black man.  Are you just trying to be a normal person? And then there was a another part of the trial where me and my co-defendant Could have been um given A manslaughter charge a deal by the prosecution but my co-defendant didn't want to accept the manslaughter So they said if we're not having both of them on the manslaughter Then it's nothing at all. They can both stay on the murder charge So I was pissed. I was mad at my co-defendant. I was like, why aren't you taking the lesser charge? This manslaughter means You can go home soon five ten years or whatever. It's not a life sentence. We go down for murder.  All right I I still want to talk about her for a second. Can we go back to her? We got a lot of time left What was your sentence? It was 12 years But I did eight months on the mans so the judge ended up Sentencing me to 11 years and 127 days It's only 19 at the time. We'll get out when I'm 30 something What was the first night in prison like?  That's the worst looking forward to a visit and go and sit on the visit The visit some sometimes two hours out 45 minutes. We get out there early You know, I mean after shaved up fresh trim and that you know, I mean some these jewels You can only wear prison shirts. You spent time ironing out your prison shirt and stuff like that. You're sitting there No one's coming No one's coming No one's coming People start offering you drinks and that I don't want to drink you want something to eat You're like, no, I'm all right. My people be asking no one's coming No one's coming and offers us a like sorry mate. Do you want to go back to the wing? It's so embarrassing. It's hurtful. It's a ghosting, you know, because you put so much energy and You know like motion into looking forward to your visit and then you don't get it. It's horrible It's horrible Especially we're supposed to go on the visit and get something to make a night more easier, you know And bless up the man the one doing it don't happen. It's horrible I wonder how you were treated in prison by other inmates. Do you think their attitude is different when you are Serving time for murder? Absolutely. In my circumstances Everyone I've met to this day can condone what I've done because they say what you kill the rapist Fair play to you mate. Well, it's on the same thing. I've had governors telling me that I've had The wing officers telling me that, you know Number one governors of the prison telling me I'd they would have done the same thing or telling me They would have done worse to the guy and stuff like that. So I don't know if I suppose that gave me a more easier time in prison, you know, because people just had nothing but Respect for what I've done, you know Because everyone's got a mother or sister or daughter, you know Oh, well, it's the system that's they should have never locked you up.  Me personally, I just took each day as it come And luckily for me just being confident, you know I got through it. All right I might not have been out for about what a year and a half now being Doing one and two jobs here construction.  So yeah, it's getting all right so far so good to net and just cross that. That's it Have ever seen your friends or oh, yeah, yeah, mariana There we go.  Here we go. Go back. Let's start it over Have ever seen your Friends or his girlfriend after what happened? No, I haven't you know I haven't I haven't And you know, I don't even know No, I haven't you know I haven't I haven't And you know, I don't even know how I'd feel if If I was to see them to bump into them I would not especially hurt even know what to say I'd be speechless like So much to say but So much I just wouldn't want to say I just want to carry him with my life and even Probably go back in Do you have any regrets about No, honestly, we have to be best friends to the end of time I'm not just going to catch a 11 year be For y'all Do you have any regrets about what you did? Hell yeah No, I don't know No because he did it for a just cause, but yeah because he don't even talk to them people no more because I believe what I done was right From my heart, the girlfriend I was with at the time, when she saw the murder, the poster go up in the area. She said, I know that guy's face. Before I met you a year ago, I was in a hairdresser's and half of it's a barber's and at the back's the toilet. I went at the back to use the toilet.  I said no and he wouldn't let me get at the bathroom. And I said, if you don't move, I'm gonna scream. And then he let me out at the bathroom. I said, what, that same guy? She said, yeah. I said, are you sure? He said, yes, I'm sure. Him. I said, wow. That's crazy. Small world. Look at that for a call of incidents. Look at that. I already didn't buy anything for you. So you gotta think about how many other things have you stopped because of that?  So I've looked it in my head time and time and time and time and time again over and over and over again. Am I wrong? Am I right? I feel like, I don't know. I feel like, yeah, I'm kind of right. There's one less rapist on the earth and that's gotta be a good thing. Do you think it's the right thing to take power in your own hands in this sense? Or do you think we should aim at the police to address this thing? Only thing, man, I couldn't take... the girl taking that plea.  I got raped and murdered a girl the other day. How can you go to the police? A police officer was convicted for raping and killing a girl the other day, right? So where are we going with this? The police are doing the same thing. So how can you go to the police? How can girls go to the police? They're gonna go to their boyfriends. They're gonna go to their friends. They're gonna go to their brothers. They're gonna go to their dads.  And you're scared to go to the shops now. You can't go out your house. You're scared.  Ask them how they feel about people like that, whether we should take the law into our own hands and sometimes dish out our own justice. Just a monster.  Would you? Would you do the same thing for your friend, for your mom, for your sister, for your brother, you know? I gotta be sure that's my homie. I don't got a lot of friends. I got bros. I got brothers. So for them, yeah. That's here for a season, going for no reason.  I don't want no Cody. You don't want no Cody.  Look, you don't even talk to them. I'm like, oh. She makes us question our own selves, and it's humans, isn't it? Would you do the same thing again? Not for him. Them? I was put in that situation again. I have to defend it. I'm a defender.  You thought she was a Marvel character?  Nah, he is.  At least I can live in my soul for myself and say I defended something for the right reason. It's tough. You got more bodies than these rappers out here. TLO, leave a like, comment, subscribe, turn on your post man. If you want to follow me on any of my socials, they're down in the description. If the links don't work, it's just the lit one. The, T-H-E-E-L-I-T-O-N-E or T-H-E-E-U-N-S-C-O-R-L-I-T-O-N-E. It's pretty simple. If y'all want to follow me on Patreon, please do so. We watch stuff that gets blocked on here over there. So, we're done.


George Ezra, anyone for you. Delighted to be joined in studio by Sean Quinn. Let me turn up this microphone here now. Sean, Sean, top of the morning to you. I'm just dancing away here, Lee. That was a great song there. Sean, let me show you now. Look how handsome Sean Quinn is. Oh, the Christmas tree and everything. You were busy yesterday, but nothing happened. I had to make a Christmasy for this morning for you, Lee. Ah, you're very good. It must be... You must have big news or something when you... It's not very often. When's that time you're in the studio? It's a while. Oh, well, it's... I was on the first week to go open up with you now. But I've got great news. Oh, tell it. Oh, come here. I know a little colour and competition. Yeah, yeah. This was humongous last year, wasn't it? It filled the floor upstairs. I know. It was amazing. And we had to... Choosing a winner was so difficult. Oh, my God. We were... Like, this is the one time in the year where we all fall out because we've all got our own opinions. And what we had to do is we had to make new rules where there's only four people involved because you can't choose. It's all good. Oh, we'll not even get a who's the four. I don't need to know who's the four. Well, tell us about the colour and competition. There's different categories for different age groups and there's nobody over 12 who can enter, and that's me excluded then. Well, I'm just out of that one, unfortunately, as well. Well... But you can. You can if you want to do a four-foot. You can do it. Greg Hughes tried it once and he lost. Did he? He did. All right. That's no surprise. Sure. What's he good for? He had to sing an old song. Did he? Mm-hmm. A wee Christmas song. All right. OK. Well, not a... Don't be setting me up for any challenges. Let's get into the colour and competition. Tell us, how do we enter? What's the prizes and all of this? OK, so this is for all national schools. So we've got three competitions, under sixes, under nines, and under 12s. And at this stage, most schools have actually done this. They've been here and they've sent it. So what we're saying is from today, you can download this year's picture at HighlandRadio.com. So we've got magic prizes just in time for Christmas the important thing now is to make sure we receive your picture by the 13th of December. That's not much. Well, it is much time because it's only 24th of November. So that's a couple of weeks, isn't it? It's about three weeks. And you know, for seeing the mums as a daddy, for the mums and dads, this is great too. Do you know why? Because it keeps everybody nice and busy and it's something to focus on around the kitchen table and that, you know, because we get super excited at Christmas, you know? So do we. Yes, because we see them coming in, the envelopes coming in. It's great because it's classes, every class does it. You get three or four envelopes from different schools. It piles high. It piles high. So they can post them in, hand delivering them in? Yeah, so if they want to post them, you post it to Coloring Competition, Highland Radio, Pine Hill, Letter Kenny, County Dunningall. You can hand them in. You can hand them in the day. But get started today. If you're in school today, say to your teacher Muncher, can we do the Highland Radio Coloring Competition? That would be great. So come on, all schools, all Munchers traveling to work this morning, get on to Highland Radio's website, download it, have fun in the classroom, so the Munchers will love that too. And what was it? Big thanks to Jarla as well, Jarla Duffy. Ah, he's a legend. This is his third year. We're delighted to be on board with him. He's so gifted. It's a great picture. And it's, I'm going to try it myself. I'll have a wee go. Can you see what picture it is? Yeah. Just let's go on to HighlandRadio.com and you can have a look. All right then. OK, thanks for that. All right, and you have other news for tell us just before I jump on Lee, what I want to ask is to make sure when you finish coloring in, put your name on the back and your class as well. So it's important that we know your name and your school because if we've got thousands and we don't know a name, we can't get in touch with you.  Oh, I don't know. I know. Be the worst. I know. So, yeah, so make sure you put your details in your school and all of that on the background. Talking about schools, you're going to have me out and about and right in Buzzy and we're going to have a great bit of crack. Yeah, so we're going to do something a little bit different this year. We love to be entertained, don't we? So what we're going to ask is from this morning, what school would like Lee Gooch to come and visit them? What we're doing is in association with Callahan's Electrical and Kelly Centra. We are going to come to two schools on the 18th of December. But the big thing is we have to choose which schools and why should we come to your school? That's going to be tricky that night because there's a lot of great schools out there. Every school is just fantastic, doing a great job and stuff. So and tell me it's not more about me coming to school because there's gifts involved here now. Yeah, we've got we've got two tablets. So we've got two schools. That's one each. So I could do maths and I was at school. So these are Samson tablets. So the school will win that and we've got a lovely selection box for all the kids in the school. So this is great. So the schools can nominate their school, do a little performance, a little sing or a bit of crack or a dance or a bit of something on the day. We'll broadcast live on the day as well into maybe 9 to 9 with Greg and maybe John's programme as well. On the one day and this is going to happen on the 18th of December. I checked today as well. It's a Monday, which is a good day. It's a great day. Isn't it? It's all Christmasy. It's the week of Christmas, Lee. Ah yes, it's going to be great. So any schools out there so you can send your nominations to Christmas at HighlandRadio.com. Now there's a bit of a timeframe on this. You have to get them in by the 11th of December because we've got to work out the logistics and that. And just tell us about the school and what do you think you're going to do for us. Do you know, we'll link in live to the school, chat to the munchers, the boys and girls and all that and we'll have a bit of fun as well. That's good. It'll be great to get you out in the bush. Ah yeah. See, I miss out in the bush because I'm a, you know, I like to talk as you can guess. So that's me and you done with the business talker now then, right Sean? Talk about just before I go here, just when we're out in the bush, I am absolutely plagued Lee and I just thought I'm going to use an opportunity. The secret sound. Yeah. Everywhere I go, people are asking what is this? Do you know how much we're at here now? We're 30 euros of two and a half grand, isn't it? Wow. It's major. It's amazing money, isn't it? But this people, they're asking me, it's annoying me. I've even got a sponsor. You just the sponsor is tortured because they think because he sponsors it. He knows what the answer is. Well, in all fairness, Sean, there's one other person in the Highland that knows, well, do you know, you know the answer, don't you? I do know the answer. You do know the answer, don't you? I do. You say that with a big smile. You're on camera here too. That's maybe a very dangerous thing that I've just said there. I know it is. Hey, what about a wee clue? You're joking. I'll give him an old clue there. Shall we take those to three grand and we'll give a clue then? We're nearly. Well, let's do it today. I'm here now. Can I give him the clue? No, you can't. I'll go only. Not at all. If Greg Hughes asked me many at the time to give a clue, I says no. How would he feel now if I said you gave a clue? He wouldn't be too happy with me. Okay. I'll ask once more. Just a wee clue. Just a wee clue. Sean Quinn. Go on ahead. Can I do it? Go on ahead.  Well, I have no choice in the matter. My hands are tied. My hands are tied. There's me. Face me. Hands are tied. Hard to say no one lie on radio. Right, go on ahead. What is your clue? Shall I take a note of this? What are you going to give? Don't give it away. What did you give? Well, there's something you could put onto your hat. Okay. Yeah. Okay. So what I'm going to say is you can also put it in your pocket. You can put it in your pocket. Can you put it in your pocket? You can put it in your pocket. Are you sure? What is it? Are you sure you put it in your pocket? Sean Quinn, you hound dog. You've drawn the blood out of me today. So secret sound. We've got the colour and competition. We're going to visit your school on the 18th of December. Sean. It's all happening. Yeah, it happens in threes. You had to get the secret sound clue out. So there you go. You can blame me if it goes on Monday morning. Alright, thanks Sean. Sean, I got to go to Highland Radio now. I think I might need one. Good luck. The job spot on


What's up, guys, and welcome to Trendy Update, hapa SPM buzz. Now, on to the trending news today. Nikwa mba gospel musician nambayana juli kama baha tibukuku as revealed that her husband left her because akweza kupatam toto. Wah, jamani, nye duniya haina hu ruma kama mna kumbuka wimbo hu wa ui umsani kutukia tanzania. Amba aili sema ino duniya haina hu ruma kia lini kama likuwa naimba her real life experience. Now, we all know that baha tibukuku was married to Basila for quite a long time. It was 14 years, but they divorced in 2018. Ili juli kana, you know they had issues in their marriage, but the real issue was not out.  Yani, we all know baha tibukuku had a childa before, lakini mtu toa liyeza kuwaga and after that, they were not able to be blessed with other children. And clearly, buanayaki ino nikana ali choka because as baha tibukuku says, nikama kulikuwa na pressure nyingisa na kutuka kuwa buanayaki and you know also the people outside in the family at large, they were trying to pester her to try and conceive, but clearly that was so hard for her and it cost a lot of great pain in her life and she says it was one of her toughest period in her life and you know, even depression came through, you know, for her. Yani nino, nikana ilu kwa nuwakati mgumu sana because it led even to her falling into depression. Yani, ii storis jumna yunaji. What is it that leads to people's pressure in people to have kids when they know they could have, you know, problems and you know, marriage ending after 14 years, siyom chenzo ino nikana your favorite gospel artist ali kuwa ana piti ya mengi. Let us know down on the comments section what is your experience about people pestering others to have children. Unafkiri aniki tu kizuri kwa ambia watu, you know, time in aenda, have kids, they could be going through a lot, you know. Tombi apale kuwa comments section what are your words to bahati bukuku. Give her some encouraging words, but in the meantime keep a trendy update hapa SPM buzz.


My name is Nabi Karetha and I have my co-speaker, Vishet Anandri, and we are going to take another session with Dupal Eid with underscore and platform JS. According to me, I work for Apia as a senior director. And apart from the contribution, I am a git admin at dupal.gov and maintainers of several modules and also the co- maintainer of groups.dupal.gov. If anyone is interested in maintaining or couple of modules of mine, please feel free to reach me. Hi guys, I am Abhishek Anand. I am a senior technical advocate at Apia and I am a maintainer of couple of modules. I like working with Dupal at the same time. I am very fond of JavaScript and I was a friend in that besides Dupal I like painting. So today's session is about backbone and underscore in the core and we will briefly look what backbone is and what underscore is, how it is being used in core, what is the scope of backbone underscore in Dupal core. At the same time we will look at a demo where we will have a simple application which we will build using restful APIs of Dupal Eid and one page application of backbone. Using our Dupal Eid, there are a lot of client-side trials for batteries which are being experimented and backbone, what are the real options in Dupal core. So Naveen will take you through what backbone is for the slides. So with the headless Dupal we have already know that we do the fetching of the data from some server or some type of service. That we have some agent request with the J2D library and everyone of us have already used it. So we don't have any consistent API or something like that to do that for us. So backbone is like that. It is providing that functionality out of the box for us. So it gives us a structure to provide some key value binding with the element that we want to bind some functions or something else with the elements over the web page also. So it has dependencies on underscore js. So it comes up with lots of useful functions like signify and JSON and so on. So backbone, we already, backbone follows the MVP model you presented but we are not considering MVP presenter here. So we have several ways to present something, present the data. So we are only talking about the models and views here. So models are the, models are just like in the class that we are considering. I am assuming that we already are knows about the Dupal modules and so on. Just like in the PD modules we brought up the core PHP core to do something. So but this is, it's a definition of from the backbone js. So my definition is that the backbone model is like a Dupal module and backbone view is like a Dupal thing. So whatever I have to do in the CSS or so or styling and stuff like that, I take care of that in the view and if I need to take care of logics and validations and all other stuff, I take care of that in models. So the interaction part with the backend happens with the model. What it does is it takes a restful object and it prepares it for the view to be used. View is pretty much what does the download manipulation and what are the changes that it needs to bring in the state of without it is carried by the view. This is a simple example of model view interaction. So here if a user, if a visitor or if a user will interact with element on their page. So if all the, if we have one need some like on focus, on focus, we have one need that event with view in the models. So if that user will interact with that particular element on their page that an event will fire that then view will send a response to the model that this something, that this, that now this event has to be happened. So this is a small example. We see a block and there's an edit link on the block. When you edit that, it happens with the help of backbone.  It changes the state of the view. Now model will take that change state and sync that with the database and the database will return back with some update in the view. The model will again pass that to the view and view will make appropriate changes to the dog. So this diagram explains. So we generally have model and view. We do not have any controller which is being used in the code in backbone. The underscore is a helper library that backbone is using. So it comes up with several functions that for setting up, for getting settings and for manipulating up of data. It has very handful functions like get set, stringify, JSON and to approach and so on. So backbone is depending on this library. So it's like a hyperlibrary for it. So these are the libraries that are in Drupal code that we have. Backbone and underscore are just like any of the libraries. Like to include any of the libraries in Drupal you include backbone and underscore in Drupal code. The scope is pretty much limited to the admin section in Drupal code for backbone underscore. Let's take an example of the data that was talking earlier. You can see a red round. So do you know the guy's red circle? Do you guys know this point that where the red circle is? What are these pencil icons? What does it do? These pencil icons are conceptual links. So it's a great example in Drupal code that one of the nice implementation in Drupal code is in the contextual links. The models, views and controls have been separated out. It's one of the complex examples in code where the collection of models has been taken care of. So backbone is using in Drupal code is several modules. For the configuration of the Drupal, we are using the backbone and for the conceptual links and for the quick edit at Drupal and to. And they are also planning to replace out the whole field API with the backbone because to make it happen on the single page at the right time we have to go on several screens to create a single field. So to make it more robust and user friendly. So there is a discussion going on. So we are still working on a prototype for that for we are we are not to show that how that field API, field API UI. So basically what Navin was talking about the implementation of backbone and underscore in the code and what we saw is different places where backbone has been used. CT editor and contextual links are a very good example. We will look at refer to this example later. What I am going to cover is under part where we take a headless Drupal and we expose restful APIs for a backbone app to use it. With this approach you can totally eliminate all the UI which Drupal provides. Obviously it comes with a lot of work that you need to do on the front end but sometimes you might want to do that it is very handy. Suppose if you are building a mobile application or an application where you do not need the Drupal look and feel at all. You want to build a one page application and you just want Drupal to be a data store for you and then the API for you. Why do you want to use this because we want to use Drupal as one platform and nowadays it is not just one web we also want mobile apps and there are several edge points for our web application. So it is a good idea to have a headless Drupal which exposes the rest data in the rest format and it is being consumed by a backbone application and we have one page application which is very light. So I will configure a couple of views. We will take a simple example of article and configure a couple of views to expose restful API and then we will see how backbone is using it and we will look into the detail of the code, the backbone code that we need to write for that. I am switching over to HP strong. So this is vanilla Drupal installation. I have generated some content using devil generate. So we have a content type called article and we have some content already created. I just use devil generate to create some content. Now there are couple of modules that we need to do this. There is a module called services. So restful web services is the module that we need to use to be able to expose our data in the rest format. Now we will look at how we can do this using this. So I am going to create a simple view that I have already created one so I will just name it article one. This will show me content of type article. I can create a page for this but what I am interested in is providing a rest export for this. And I have to provide a path which will be used as an endpoint for the application. So the path would be articles and I just keep it rest so that I can read the article part for the normal HTML page. Once I create this I have got a display called rest export. What this is going to do is it is going to send the data in rest format. This is JSON and I use this in our backbone app. I might not want to show the whole entity because it comes with a lot of links and stuff like that. So I will just switch it over to things. I will just add body field. Now what I get is a title and a body field in a JSON format. So now my endpoint from group side is ready. If I visit this URL I will get my data. So this is the data that I am able to use. You can use it extensively to do this. This is the best way in which you can expose your data for consumption by your backbone app. You can use for pretty much anything. If you want to expose a single article, like if you want to have something like node slash NID, you can have article slash article ID. You can create a view with a simple app with a contextual filter which will take your node ID and it will generate just one node. Now this endpoint can be used in an Angular app. So I have created a root folder because I will use the same again. In the root folder I have the only two files which are of my use which is index.html and there is an app. In my index.html I have just added some libraries and spore and backbone and jQuery and I am writing some code. I will simplify this video later. I will just show you a demo in my review and there is an app.js file which has a simple module. There is a view and there is a collection which we will look at in detail later on. I need to specify my endpoint here which is already there. So now I need to visit this URL, index.html and I will see what we get there. So now this is a pretty different look and feel which this term all my articles which is fetched from Google. To get into details of how we did this, the html file has some existing links which will be used by backbone to add these things. So first thing we do is we need to add required libraries and everything else is just a starting thing. There are two major templates. We will look at what template it is. This is a template, article view and this is an article list. Article view is like you can say html in Google and article list is like new teaser. So article view is providing template for the whole list of articles and article list is providing the template for just one article. These two templates are required and then we specify a div where backbone has to add its data. So that div can be found somewhere in the ID main point. So backbone will add the data here. Let's look at our backbone app. There is nothing that we need to do in the module because we are not doing anything, we are just getting the data and passing it to the view. We need to have a collection which will fetch the data from the URL. And the major thing which is happening is in the view. The view is getting the element as main content. It is fetching the template from the article list and then it's initializing this. And this part is the render part which is generating the URLI from the list from the data which is in the template. And it is giving it to the article view model. There is an article model view and there is an article view view. So we have article list view which will generate the master list. And then for each individual list it will keep adding it to the article view list in the module. And we are passing the module. So this is being rendered. This goes to article view and article view renders it in an ally. Okay, sure. So should I repeat what I said? So basically what I said was we are not doing too much with module. We have a collection and then there is view. There is no data manipulation that we are doing in the module. So we are not changing the module at all. We are just getting the data. And there are two views that we are writing. What is for the list and for each list item. This is for article view and article list. Article list is getting the element for main container where it will append its data. It is getting the article list as a template which we saw earlier in the list for HTML. And then it starts rendering the article view which is a single article and passes the module to it. And we have article view which renders each ally as per the template of article. Now you can extend this to individual pages as well without going to a different page. I have done that as well which I will show you how to exit presentation mode. So this was simple one page app which is just consuming data from Google and it is rendering it. If you want to make it more fancy what you can do is you can have your route. So this is another example of wine. I had a wine container. This is not functional. I was doing it but there are still bugs to solve in this so I can't show you a demo of this. But what we are doing here is we are defining routes to different routes. So the second route is the ID which is passed as a parameter to wine details. And it renders the view according to the ID which is passed. It will fetch the ID with this URL so my endpoint will be Google 8 slash wine slash ID. So again I have written another view which will expose data in the Res format to this ID. That will be a single node data using construction filters and it will get the data and it will render it. So now we have just one page app which has a list and there are IDs. Once I click the ID it will append the view to have a node of that particular ID. It will make the call back to Google, fetch the data and it will append it to the existing view. So there is no page node or anything. It is just a backend call to the service call to Google which it can suggest format and which is done by this app. So this was the demo which I wanted to show you. The other thing is what is the future of backbone in Google code? Why was it adopted and is it really going to go any further? There are certain drawbacks with backbone. That one has no built-in data binding which means any logic to change the view or built-in long manipulation has to be written in your backbone through your custom code. There is no built-in data binding which will update the view automatically from your JSON file or from the model. So this has to be manually written in backbone. This is a drawback because there are other JavaScript libraries like Angular which does it for you. And it relies on getters and setters which is again not an ideal thing to do. And backbone also does not have any stuff like virtual DOM. So any manipulation it does on the actual DOM and once the DOM is updated it is very hard to get back to the in-state. So any changes reflect directly to the DOM. And we do not want to do that because now we have an advanced system where you create a virtual DOM and anything, any changes you make to the virtual DOM and the real DOM stays as it is. But backbone will modify the DOM and you cannot change the state back to the original one. These are the major drawbacks of backbone. So in future most likely backbone is going to be confined to the running space where you have the inline, the view-CY or the field-CY, all these things. Whatever I show you about the inline rating will probably be changed. The key Google community is trying to figure out ways or trying to find out a unified solution where they have a better library. And they are looking at AngularJS, Timber, or ELM libraries. Angular is supposedly more advanced than why backbone was selected was it is the oldest one and it has a higher option in open source community. That is why it was included in Drupal 8. But as far as going further is concerned backbone will not be the primary library library which will be used in Drupal. Most probably with the further versions of Drupal or maybe in Drupal 8 itself we will see something like Angular or Ember which will be adopted more than backbone. And there is this issue queue which has, this is having discussion going on. If you have any ideas around this you can always continue to this issue queue. This is the last session of the day, we will not take much of your time. We can open the rest of the time for any queue, any that you might have, this pretty much what we had for our session. Any questions? Finally what they are looking at is Angular and Ember. So GraphQL and they are comparing AngularJS, Angular 2 and GraphQL for the client side framework. So backbone was, this made issues for the backbone for the admin you guys, for the backend, not from the front end. There is often issues going on for that discussion of that. This is the example. One of the, Babu is only going to stay in the admin which is not going to come out of AngularJS. For all user-related stuff, all stuff that he does, he doesn't have any discussion. There is no discussion and Angular and Ember are the biggest criteria for this. Angular has, lately you have to do more than backbone, so that is the, this and that. Angular, Angular has its own standards. I said that was your application, you can support it and you can do that. You can save a lot of tags and stuff like that. You can't do this. And one thing with backbone is it can, you know not need to do all those stuff with one hand. You can just move it as a component for certain users. So, these are added for developers if they, for building them in choice, if they only use Angular as a library. Anyone who can define Angular as a library or if they do not want to, they can totally change it, add new library and re-assist and use that. That's the reason why underscore and backbone was a problem. And it's a very unique thing. It's a very thin library, so, you don't want to make a group of them or any other. That's the reason why. With Angular, there are also problems, which we can discuss. That's the reason why this is not my question. It's a question of Java's tradition when we get to the top of the throne and as a CMO. I think it's a good idea. I think it's a good idea. I think it's a good idea. I think it's a good idea. I think it's a good idea. I think it's a good idea. The concept of isomorphic JavaScript, because I mean JavaScript on the server side. So, you could take, for example, an example to correct the end of the JavaScript. I know that the library has a whole bunch of Chrome, VAP, and the VAP version of it. So, it's my, Reactworks, in conjunction with Node.js. React is an experiment with React, you know. Yeah, but it's also front-end, sorry, back-end server side. As far as I knew what React is, I have limited output React. Sorry, it was Meteor. Meteor is the one which runs with Node.js. Meteor does React. I don't have too much of knowledge about React, but I don't think there's any option for any server side JavaScript running for Google as of now. Because it will be solving the same problem which Drupal is solving. You can use Drupal in conjunction with Node.js. Drupal is not very good when it comes to the real-time interaction. So, when you have something which is going for very high IO, for example, if you have a Facebook's time notification, or if you have a Drupal connection, you can use Drupal in conjunction with Node.js. These are the problems which are not being solved by Drupal right now. Drupal is still relying on long polling or a Jax polling methods. Others can use Node.js module. So, these are the problems that you can solve with that, but other than that, anything that you do with server side JavaScript would primarily be doing the same thing which Drupal is doing. So, I don't think there's any way to solve this problem. So, I'm not aware of any such conversation which is happening around it. Some ID you have in place, if a specific content has, I have this one for a specific role, then what would be the problem? What would be my role? What is specific role? Suppose an ID will show the whole content type for a specific ID, but it might not manage the role. But when it has managed the role, and it doesn't show the administrative type, then what would be the problem? What would be the main problem? Is there any two factors that you would like to practice? Yes, I think you'd have to ask, because whatever interaction that is happening between your badminton app and your Drupal app is through the ghetto perspective in your past. Yes. So generally what happens is you might not use underscore, this is for admin users, you should have your admin interface. So, you'll have to pass as a parameter. Yes, you have to add another parameter. Yes, but your application needs to, your front-end application needs to know, right? Drupal will know that I have rendered this view for this role. But how would you have, when your application, your front-end application is requesting the URL, at the end it is just requesting the URL to the view? Yes, but then how would you pass the session and this problem? Yeah, but you are just sending it request. You need to pass a token through the URL, like session was handled already. Or make a post request and pass it in the post session. Even that can happen. Either do a get or a post. Yes. That's the reason why that role is for the admin section. For any module that you are using, like I said, for any module that you are using, you will paste these libraries and you can use that as a library. Drupal will just support, the core will just support the use of this library and use this library. It might not necessarily get into the port. It will just support this library. You can use this library. Yes. For example, there are a lot of modules which is using, which has mixed licensing. That's why we have library modules. Your module, which is GPL licensed, does not need to have a third party license, which might have some other license. That brings in the licensing issue. So yeah, of course, unless it is GPL, it will never get into root or core because we cannot get into mixed licensing. That's why there are several other libraries, which have the idea is to get, unify and have a platform where you can use a lot more front end libraries than just underscore any platform. That's how it is. Zools is using its own custom library for doing that. Yeah. So, Zools has to be compatible with that one. That one doesn't have to be compatible with Zools. So, I will check in the port whether Zools is in that one. But, I have got... I'm sorry. Thank you. I'm just coming through. And I'm... Yeah, I didn't know that. You're saying that Zools should support... Yeah. If Zools is not using that underscore, then it's a nice feature that we can file an issue for Zools. Why don't you go ahead and file an issue for Zools? I don't think Zools is using underscore or backbone. But yeah. If you have a recommendation, you can always do a feature request in the issue queue from the previous window. Thank you. Thank you. I'll put two in here. I'll put two in here. Okay.