So we know we need to plant more trees and there's different ways of doing that of course when you hear about Thousands of trees being planted. That's a fairly basic fast process one almost shoves the spade in the ground goes It shoves in a little whip of maybe a beach or an ash or something and stick it in the ground Job done if you're planting a fruit tree in your garden for instance Which is something that you're going to be interacting with and enjoying for a long time and very much in the Proximity of your home then we want to give that process a bit more time and certainly when we're planting trees here We've been giving about an hour to each one So what basically I'm creating this video to show you why it takes us an hour and all the different things that we think About in order to make sure that we give the tree the best chance So let's start with where we get our trees from in what form because a fruit tree isn't just a fruit tree It's very interesting if you know I go into supermarket or used to go into Woolworth's I remember occasionally and and there will be a plastic bag with a Something that looks like a bit like this inside and it would just say on the outside golden delicious or something like that And when you look into that that's very little information and they're very they tend to be very cheap those trees and I would say I would give a bit more thought to a fruit tree because you're going to If it's going to be in your garden, you're going to enjoy it for a long period of time There are certain things that you need to know about And there's a lot more choice than you would get in a supermarket for instance. So We have some trees here, which we've just purchased. It's just going into February. We bought them the end of January And they've been the reason that we're doing this at this time of year is because these are bare root trees essentially I'm not going to do it right now. We'll show you in a moment. These are what we call healed in we've brought them back They've been purchased bare root. They come in a bag and we brought them back We put them into a bed because we want to protect those roots Now um, there's another way you can buy trees, which is often the way you would see in a garden center Which is in a pot so you go into the garden center and they're lined up. They're usually tied to some wires And they'll have a similar looking label on but they'll have a pot at the base And those trees tend to be more expensive. So by way of comparison These have cost 16 pounds each the very very cheap trees for the quality of them These have come from the agroforestry research trust and he sells out very rapidly because they're great trees and he keeps the price down We went to we often do forest gardening courses this time of year and The the venue wanted a Bramley and we couldn't source one from Martin Crawford So we had to go to a garden center and we bought a Bramley in a tub in a pot so big pot and It was 30 pounds So Essentially when you buy bare roots you have the limitation of only being able to transplant so Get the tree and plant it in the winter. So essentially when the tree is dormant So the leaves fall off naturally in the autumn late autumn And then you have that period of time before the buds open and it starts to leaf up again in order to move it Whereas a potted tree you can buy and plant at any time of year So there's limitation but the other thing about bear root trees is you have so much choice so much more choice because they tend to be built put into planted in more of a field scale and There's a lot less work to do in maintaining them because they're in the ground They've got space to do their thing or as a tree in a pot needs constant attention needs maintaining it needs watering obviously But each year it needs potting on into a bigger pot and the roots need to be pruned well in order for it to work well in that pot so for for me for us here we prefer to get bare root trees if at all possible and And these are the last six in fact this one at the back here is one that we've moved from another place That's why it's you wouldn't normally get a tree this big bear root These are more typical These ones that we have here and we've been planting we've planted out ten so far in the last couple of days And we're going to show you how to plant one of these we're actually going to put in this one the jubilee It's a jubilee plum and It's on a particular rootstock so just to say a little bit about rootstocks So a rootstock is essentially the bottom part of the tree if you can see here There's a funny kind of knobbly bit at this point And and so this bottom part is the rootstock this top part is the variety So I'm buying so let's say this particular tree here a grimoire russets the label says Apple Hopefully it's fairly obvious egg grimoire russet. That's the variety. That's the type of apples So if you go into a farm shop and you see a grimoire russet, that's the apples So it's going to produce that kind of an apple And then after the words egg grimoire russet, there's a little slash and it says m26 Now in Britain this is a little joke because we have motorways Three lane motorways for cars to move very fast through the landscape and they are also have m numbers So the m26 is also a motorway, but it also happens to be a rootstock and so the rootstock is Essentially the bottom part of the tree. It has particular qualities And one of those qualities is the size or the vigor of the tree. So When we're Planting the tree we need to know how much space we have for that tree. How big is it going to be? So there's a couple of trees that we're going to prune onto a wire system over here called a spallier And we need the right bigger We don't want too big a tree because it needs to be the right bigger for doing that And there are other trees that we want to grow a little bit bigger, but this is still a garden situation It's not an orchard. So we don't need what would be called half standards, which is your typical orchard tree Which are quite big and you might even need a ladder to get up into or Full standard trees and essentially in an orchard situation They're useful if you're grazing the ground underneath. So Sheep for instance would graze under half standards if you want cattle in there Then you need to have full standard trees and they're big trees and they Basically you need a lot of harvesting. We're just they're just for the garden We've got a number of different trees here and we want fruit for ourselves Maybe a bit of surplus to give away So we're choosing a rootstock the m26, which is a what's called semi dwarfing So it's not a very small tree, but it's also not a big tree either it will grow to three three and a half meters across and height and of course we'll be pruning it Into that shape what's called formative pruning to shape the tree to create the the optimum structure for light and air To minimize the chance of disease and optimize the fruiting, but that's a whole other thing So on here we have the variety which is a grimoire russet in this case and m26 Which is the rootstock and that's the same rootstock we've chosen for all the apples that we've got in the garden this time round The other thing that we got on here as well That's a bit of information about dessert apple went to pick and so on and it's this flowering group B so flowering group is all to do with Pollination because to get fruit you need pollination you need the pollinating insects to take the pollen from one apple to another apple tree of a different variety think about apples that it's such a diverse Species if you like because they are not self fertile you one variety cannot pollinate itself So even if you have two trees that are both agaromat russets you don't get pollination So the flowering group is when does it flower so flowering group B is quite early in the season there's five groups So A to E or one to five and a B which is in this case will pollinate Either another B that's optimum because they're both flowering at essentially the same time or an a which is flowering a little bit earlier, but overlaps by about seven to ten days or A C which is a little bit later, which overlaps again by about seven to ten days If I've got bees two bees together Then they're going to be flowering about the same time for pretty much three weeks Which gives us the optimum? chance of pollination occurring and the more pollination you get the more fruit you get now a few years ago we had a really really wet spring here in Britain and The pollinating insects just couldn't get out and do their work because it was just wet and windy all the time for weeks And weeks and weeks and the only fruit that actually the only trees that produced any fruit were those that flowered late So the ease essentially the ease or the fives depending on what you're reading So really you need to look at My our starting point is what do we want? What do we definitely want so? Jules my partner who were just about to plant the tree together. She loves russets So we've chosen a russet, and then we said what other trees will pollinate a russet? So we've got a flowering group B So we need an a B or an a C now an a is pretty early B is quite early If you're living in an area where you might have late frost or it's particularly high altitude Then you might choose pollinated varieties of pollinating groups D and E Because then they flower much later and less chance of that pollen being damaged or pollination not occurring So we've had to choose we've chosen varieties with similar pollination times But also that they would fruit at different times The ideal is that you get pollination But you also have a long period of fruiting from early on so we have a beauty of bath Which is an early fruiter? although it doesn't pollinate others because it's a triploid, but let's not go there and And and by putting them together then you create Pollination of each tree which then gives you the fruit you want now We're also quite lucky in that we're next door to an orchard So we're not too concerned about pollination generally of apples because of the whole heap of them just growing the other side of the fence but what we're going to do is to There to be a spallion, so I'm not worrying about those today We're going to take this this one here the jubilee. It's quite a big tree at the moment And we're going to plant that in the courtyard garden here Just say a little bit about rootstocks is apple rootstocks are different from pear rootstocks Which are on quints a c or e which are all different sizes or in this case the jubilee plum which is what we're going to plant and That's they're often on things like San Julien Rootstocks this one is actually vva one which I've not come across before But it's about the size that we want plum trees tend to be a little bit bigger than apple trees rootstocks So we don't want this to be too big and we're going to prune it obviously to do that But let's get on with planting that tree Normally we wouldn't dig such a big hole for a tree with a root ball like this For you you're probably going to be digging a lot smaller hole but we've we've taken on some converted barns and We've just been digging our hole in the lawn and discovering an awful lot of stuff in this hole Including a huge amount of large lumps of concrete What we want to do particularly because this is a plum tree and Plums plums don't like it too wet. They also They like just generally good conditions and we're in the west of England. It's not ideal for plum So we want to give them the best we can we can in this situation So what we're trying to do is just get as much of this stuff out as possible and to be in charge of modifying The environment in which it lives and of course beyond that it gets to grow into the space So it's useful to get together everything you're going to need before you do the planting. Obviously you need your tree We make good use of a sieve and a bucket We have particularly shillity soil here which are kind of flat stones a little bit like little bits of slate and We just basically sieve out the bigger bits but leave the smaller particles in because it's good for drainage So we've got some very nice Topsoil and compost mix and we're not going to do the entire garden with this But basically when we're planting trees we want to give them a good start One thing of course with a tree when you're planting your trees You're wanting it to establish its roots fairly quickly and if we feed it too much if we put too much rich Material in this in the whole with the tree then the tree is not going to be needing to go elsewhere to feed Now one of the mechanisms that causes a tree to make roots is flexing in the wind and we're a fairly windy site here You can probably hear today. It's fairly breezy So we're going to put in a stake to hold the root ball, but allow the top to flex We'll talk about that in a moment But putting the material that goes in the hole is a fairly kind of basic topsoil with a bit of compost We've got some fresh compost over here, which we're going to use as a mulch on the surface after we've finished We won't be doing cardboard and wood chip and so on today, but we'll get this far we have the stake which is going in the hole and that's going to Basically anchor the root ball, but allow the rest of the tree to move. So when we're choosing a stake We're not choosing a stake that's as big as the tree We're choosing a stake to basically anchor the bottom third pretty much So that's going to go in in a moment and in order to put that in We're going to use a lump hammer It's a fairly small stake. You can get chunkier stakes than this. This is chestnut Which is particularly good because it doesn't require any preservatives. It's very long-lasting in the ground It has very little sapwood and particularly if you cut it in the winter or it's cut for you in the winter Then it will last even longer because this is sapwood that rots So this is a particularly nice stake. We've chosen a chunkier one of the ones that we have Because this is one of the bigger trees So I'm going to put that in and we'll use this if you're using bigger stakes Then a poster hammer is probably a better way of doing things What we don't want to do is knock the corns off the top of here Which will then encourage water to get in and for the post to rot But chestnut is well worth getting. We don't really want chemicals in our soil And so we bought chestnut even though this was a bit more work to get hold of in the south He's normally you get softwood posts and they just they're pretty rubbish in the ground. This is a root stock That requires staking pretty much for its entire life So we want a stake that's going to last a long time not just a couple of years The bigger root stocks only need staking for a few years until their roots get established these smaller ones Like the semi-dwarfing ones we have here are going to need staking forever And we need something to attach the tree to the stake. That's what the ties are these flexible ties There are different kinds of ties We definitely have a preference for the type with a buckle on and show you how those go on shortly and also because we have Rodents and rabbits around we also going to put on a spiral guard to protect the the base of the tree here From being nibble because in the winter months when rabbits are particularly hungry They'll nibble the bark of young trees in order to get the sap underneath and a ring a ring of that Nibbling will kill the tree and we certainly don't want that to happen And then we've also got some material to go in the hole. This is Mycorrhizal fungi people are becoming more familiar with this now This is an inoculant of a fungus that grows in association with living plants and essentially the The tree or the plant gives sugars to the mycorrhizal fungi Who in turn are very good at finding minerals and exchanging those giving them back So there's a win-win situation. There's different kinds of this This is our favorite if you can get hold of it. It's called Chaos Fungorum And this is a collection of edible mycorrhizal species So the fungi that come out of the lawn the mushrooms you can eat them as well whereas these are a bit more broad but easier to get hold of the root grow is a kind of common garden center thing and Let's hear this mysterious little plant here is a perennial allium which we've grown And already inoculated with some of this so When we plant the tree the quickest way or the best way to get support get a mycorrhizal partner to the tree is to Plant a plant alongside it put in a plant alongside it like these perennial alliums Which we've just grown from bullbills in soil with some mycorrhizal inoculant already And then the the fungi already has a sugar source So it can just go off into the soil surrounding it and it will go and find the tree and give it the best start This requires a little bit of planning. Of course, you got to think ahead So we've got a big pile of these It's about 30 of these in the conservatory Growing I'm ready for the trees. We're putting in Okay Let's get started So we've got our stake and we've got our tree and we need to orientate the tree to work with the stake So if you can see down here There's this graph. This is the graft union. So the rootstock where it's joined to what's called the scion the variety There's this little kind of kink here and we want to be able to attach the tree tightly to the stake and That's going to be easier to do here we are it's here On the side so where the tree Comes towards the stake so we can tie we're going to tie it in two places Because if we tie a tree in only one place the purpose of the the tree tie Is to stop the roots moving not to stop the tree flexing And if we only put one tie on Basically when the wind blows around it also moves the roots So we're going to put two ties on but it doesn't mean that we need to get the The tree itself Attached closely to the stake and that's much easier to do on this side where it comes towards the stake then This way around which would Which gives you a much bigger gap here So what I'm going to do is to line this up the stake wants to be on we're using a single vertical stake here That needs to be on the windward side. So the wind is coming from the southwest over here and and so The tree wants to be on this The leeward side or the shelter side of the stake Because we're not going to tie it right at the top. It'll be attached about here And what we don't want to do is the wind blowing the tree onto the top of the stake there and damaging the bark We want the tree to blow away from the stake So the tree needs to the stake needs to be on the windward side And the tree needs to be angled so that it fits nicely against the stake Which means that we need to put our tree in At this angle So it determines which way around the tree goes in the hole and it might determine how much you need to Dig into your hole. It may be that you've got an elongated root This one's fairly even all the way around But you might have an elongated root that you don't want to cut off That's work out which way around it's going first and then you know what shape to dig the hole So the old paint can is just a very hotch podch way of trying to protect The top of the wood the stake here what we don't want to do is catch the edge and knock off a corner Cause it more like make it more likely to rot So anything to do that job really and and we're just using an old paint can What we want to do is get this in To the point where it feels fairly solid We know that there's a lot of stone in here And there may be a point where it's not going to go any further in fact We may have reached it already We do have a lot of stones that we can pack around here in order to make it nice and firm Again, this is just about stopping the roots from moving around so they get a chance to establish themselves So the next thing we need to do is to line up The height at which we're going to be planting this and what we're looking for is the point at which it was Previously planted in the soil because the bark above the soil is different from the bark below the soil and the tree is much happier if we Plant the bit that was supposed to be under the ground in the ground So what we want to do is to match up the level of the soil with a mark on the tree And it's much easier to see on a a bare root tree that's fairly dry. Obviously in a pot Potted tree that's really obvious because you've got compost right in that place And the best way to identify that is to just put a Something flat across the hole. This is fairly flat obviously and that allows us to then line up If that's the level of the soil Line this up and Essentially, we're pretty much there in terms of where the roots would sit if I leave that alone. It's not going Down very much, but we do need to fill in with some Better soil than we had here. We've backfill. We've basically got the stake in and we've put a lot of The soil that came out of the hole back in the hole But we're going to put in some top soil with a bit of compost mixed in In order to give it a good start So Jules is putting water in the bottom of the hole just to get it started and help settle that down a bit And then we've got the compost And top soil mix that looks so nice And they were giving a very gentle agitation because we want the soil All the way around the roots in all the gaps. We don't want any air pockets It's going to require quite a lot of soil in this hole because we've pulled out a lot of stone That's looking pretty good. Just checking the line up again There It's very convenient that the roots went around the space where I wanted the stake That possibly was where the stake was before And at this point we're going to add Some of this fungal mix Stay there, good Depends on what you get what it looks like This is very much like a charcoal based material here And we get a bit more water on the roots just so they're a bit stickier I'm going to be doing this We don't need a bit too much of this but just a bit to get it started And keep the packet sealed Okay, I'm going to throw in a little bit more for that just in the general vicinity of the soil But keep it sealed keep it dry This stuff lasts for five or six months and If you keep it dry There we are Okay all more So are we putting compost straight in there? Now let's check the height again See that we're in about the right place. I think that's pretty good And then I'm going to start putting on the tie Now these ties um They go a particular way up because of the way the lever on the buckle And so essentially if the writing is the right way up Probably can't see that then it is the right way up. Also this little crimp is on the inside and what we want to do is to keep this fairly close because the buckle is going to be on the back of the stake And this spacer is going to be in between the tree And the stake stop them rubbing now the first one obviously you want to put that low down So it's uh, you put the spacer on first this tends to come loose Go around the tree Through the spacer keeping this then with the buckle on fairly short Comes around and particularly with these quarter steak shapes Try and put the spacer On the angle there Okay And we want this nice and tight because we want to keep the tree firm particularly a tall tree like this one Which can whip around in the wind I want to keep it Nice and tight And every year we'll come back and check this and loosen it off because obviously the tree is going to grow And we're going to need to accommodate that but for now it's more important to Keep the roots where they are so the tree can actually develop And it's the movement of the top part of the tree in the wind that creates Moot the growth of the roots down here so I'm going to tighten that up there And then this little bracket this little pot of the buckle I pull that that grips that that allows me to Put that through there Now this tie is a little bit longer than probably is needed for this job But as the tree grows it means that I can continue to use the same tie And then the second one can do the same thing So this bit to the inside writing is the right way up and we're going to get it the right way around Goes around the tree through the spacer Keeping this bit fairly short like that And Bring that down be careful of the buds So I'm doing this fairly close to the top of the stake But not right at the very top some tight Pull that to rip it And then that goes through there again Now just wrap it around and Okay Right time to finish filling in the hole So we just want to push Down make sure that the soil gets in between the roots And what we want to do is fill up to the top here. So we'll get some more Bit more soil I want to get to this level here It's lovely This is very nice That's looking pretty good and just we're not going to jump up and down on it, but just a gentle Use of the heel Just to gently Press it down around the tree It just ensures that there's no air pockets where we don't want it It's pretty good Okay, I might do a bit more of that. I think a bit more soil A little bit more to go on top Looks so lovely Might be enough for there. I think We want to give that a good watering in So our level's looking good here And then what we'll be doing is just topping this off with some compost some pure compost as a mulch To help protect the bare soil That's plenty I think Not right up against the tree itself Give a little bit of space there for it to breathe but Composting around here and then We'll be Because this is in an area covered in grass What we'll do is we'll cover Best part of a meter out around the tree With cardboard and wood chip and so on. We don't have that at the moment And it's not quite so urgent at the moment because the grass isn't really growing too much But that will be the final thing to do apart from applying the guard so It's a nice little story a friend of mine went into a local agricultural merchants and said do you have any rabbit guards? And the guy looked at them and said why would you want to guard rabbits? So but this is a rabbit guard is designed to guard trees From rabbits Because this the sap is very tasty in the winter months and there's not much to eat So what we're going to do is just Curl it around I prefer the dark ones the clear ones simply Because algae tends to grow inside them Whereas these tend to not have so much of that problem And what you can do as well with the spirals is that you can work around your buckles your spacers So you can get all the way down to the bottom And also protect the tree Further up like that. And there we are Job done So I just want to mention a couple of other staking methods This method works well with bare root trees but of course we've talked about trees that come in pots And essentially you don't want to have to put a stake through the roots of a tree So bare root this works very well If you've got a big root ball and you've got to stake the tree Then you've got two other methods that you can use one of which is to use a single stake but on a diagonal so This this particular method here with the vertical stake or putting the stake on the side the wind comes from So the tree always blows away from it and not towards it However, if you're using a diagonal stake Like that into the ground So what you would tend to do is start it a bit closer because by the time you get in it's going to be down here And tie your tree to that stake now that only gives you one pivot point Which is less good in my mind because you still have that risk of Or of course you need a second stake Um, we're angling it this way because what we want is as the tree is blown by the wind We want it to be pushing the stake in Not pulling it out Okay, so the stake Angles in so that The top of the stake is pointing towards where the wind is coming from Now if you've got a particularly big root ball and even that's not possible Then you've probably seen these outside supermarkets You can use two two stakes Some distance away either side of the root ball and then just use a Tying method in between the two so it holds the tree in that place and you can By that method Tie at different heights as well. So that's Alternative ways of staking your tree Now we've dug a nice round hole here But if you've got a heavy clay soil then what you want to do is to Dig a square hole because the reason for that is that even if you might have a round pot And you've got rounded because you can buy tree spades, which are rounded You can dig a nice round hole Actually, if you're in a heavy clay when you dig that nice round hole What you're effectively doing is making another clay pot And if you're taking your tree out of a pot and putting it into another pot, it still can't Do what you want it to do, which is to grow its roots into the soil and to establish itself So the advantage of a square hole, which of course is nice and easy to dig with a standard spade Is that it has corners So even if you've got heavy clay and the roots can't get through it They can work their way along and into the corners where they can penetrate through Of course, if you've got a heavy clay soil The best thing to do really is to dig a bigger hole And to incorporate some more material because the main thing with clay, of course, is it's very sticky So organic matter is always a really good way of breaking that up It's lightweight. It doesn't weigh much to move around compared to something like sand, which would be heavy And needs quarrying and so on so A square hole is your best option if you're in a clay soil If you're not and you've already got a good soil like this, then this is perfectly good


All right you guys What is up? Welcome back to another video today's video. We're gonna continue the top 100. I hope you've been enjoying the video so far I hope you appreciate my commentary I don't know whether I'm saying things right or wrong, but it is my opinion my unbiased unfiltered opinion And that is what makes these videos what they are. So with that seed let's crack into it number 73 Thomas Davis Davis linebacker for the Panthers Let's do it Thomas's signature play this year This year, which which is your favorite play you made this year Thomas? That's not up to me. Is that to you? So those are the other linebackers in the team Maybe that's two or is that Thomas right there? Play me that Thomas there on the right must be not up to me. Is that to you? Air Davis it says These guys are big man. I think Thomas Davis to a tee was we played San Francisco 49ers the first game of the year and we had Thomas on a mug blitz and He went through line of scrimmage, and it was a big physical collision with the running back Thomas won and he made a play on the quarterback Come on time to block Thomas is right right through here that play really signified What he brings to this team the intensity and the effort but also the skill set that's the thing about being a running backs Not only running You're gonna be a good blocker to you really do don't you?  Can I block 260 280 pound guy? No probably not But if I get back to my normal weight of 220 pounds, I reckon I've got a chance John got my boy Thomas Davis out here at with me at the Pro Bowl always good to see him Thomas Davis is probably my least favorite player to play against Monster on defense. This is probably the final time. You'll see Thomas Davis on the top 100 man of the year 2014 list He plans to retire at season's end When I first got here Thomas was a guy that showed me how to do everything He showed me how to study. He showed me how to practice. He showed me how to watch tape. He showed me how to play And his effort and intensity has never changed Thomas Davis on the recovery Oh nice to this team is huge and I think it should be recognized for what he's been able to do not only this year But it you know over the past 13 years. He's been in the NFL Delaney Delaney Walker tied in for the Tennessee Titans Let's do this. He's pretty much like Antonio Gates, you know, and it's prime. It's a really good football player in general You could put him anywhere on the field and he's gonna succeed. They give it to Delaney Walker He is going to trot in for the touchdown Lanny Walker of the Titans pull up in 18 point combat. I Just don't get it. How are people running with the bum bag on? I just do not get that But then I heard someone say it's for hand. They've got like hand warmers in there Is that true they put their hands in there and it's warm because that makes sense But running around With a freaking bum bag. I just did not get Tell me why tell me what's in there guys is that they're kit the playing kit and is now on a first-name basis My favorite guys in the team. I Think it was a six round pick out of some po-dub school in Missouri Had a good career at the 49ers, but when he came to the Titans really just took off Over the last five years no NFL tight end has more catches than Walker She's a go-to guy usually that's a receiver somebody like a Hopkins or Antonio Brown, but he plays that role for the Titans For myriota he's a safety blanket for him This is his third straight year on the players list and his highest ranking yet I get to shine outside the football world, but meeting rooms know what he's about He still has burners it'll run by nickels safety's corners, and obviously linebackers is hard to match up He's like a fullback slash running back out there running rocks like a receiver Like the go-to option on most teams Walker is the Titan that draws extra attention He gets a lot of double teams and I know you pizza What you can either beat them Or that obviously well there's four guys around him right now, so we're you know the other the other offensive players will be In space or they should be right So that is what having a person on your team that demands a double team does for you Which is pretty sick, which also means that they might not get as much ball as what they probably could Because they're so good So it's it's catch 22 isn't it, but it seems like even if he is double-teamed or triple-teamed He still gets the ball anyway, which is pretty sick It's that deep over all the time I remember just watching them deep over deep over and they were killing people with it You throw the ball to me catch a visual time.  It's kind of getting better with time. It's crazy All right guys straight into the next one. I'm 71 Zach Martin guard for the Cowboys the Zack Martin is a phenomenon Dallas Cowboys No From the he's the best pass block and go on an NFL hands down His second straight appearance on the top 100 and one of only two guards on the list is the Cowboys Zach Martin He's freakishly athletic Everything you want to go on and he doesn't let his brains make him that much better. How smart he is That Martin is the best at what he does Nice right guard, I don't believe I've seen anybody that's better than that Martin is I think freedom nature I remember playing him in college You just look at him and I don't know how this guy's human Zach Martin to row greater and big physical Specimen in there. He really moves well There's really good job green space in the run game super solid and pass pro Martin's been either first or second team all pro each of the last four years he started every game in 2017 and allowed the fewest quarterback pressure by a guard with the letter does a great job Protecting that quarterback He's got decent amount of weight to it. That's what he knows how to use it to where it's hard to move it in his bass set I just Speed is so good He can change so fast to get right back where he needs to be split second because it's gonna happen so fast Yeah, I gotta deal with it in practice. So that's why I'm just you know Rethinking about all the moments that we don't have it'll make you mad. Oh man, just going against him Zack is so good. This is the second time you guys asked me about him this year. Oh, really?  Let's do number 70 Devonta Freeman running back for the Falcons. Yes. We've got a running back Let's do this Number 70 for the Atlanta Falcons You're a police on it. I play Sonic plenty of times Maybe it's the dreads maybe speak what he looks like on it running Where's Freeman? Oh, there he goes This big super fast super city. I love the editing on these man. He definitely reminds me of top-notch Absolute top-notch editing guys Love it. I did have to talk to him a couple times Wanna deep up his running backs. I've had the top lane open field They get up and just say a little song song, you know Loose and the gravity shitty Explosive he makes contact. Nice. The first goes into like a sonic boom to blow things up He will lower a shoulder. Wow That's averaging over a thousand yards a season and ten touchdowns. That's awesome. It's good.  We'll underestimate him because he is smaller Free is very powerful Strong lower body He's one of the best backs in the game Good job free good run free. Yeah, good job, baby. You're good. You're good.  All right. All right guys, we're gonna call it there What do we got next? Let's have a look number 69 69 top 100 NFL players 2018 It is flexure cocks defensive tackle for the Eagles So if you have liked this video guys, please press like if you want to subscribe Please do because I'll still be here I'm not going anywhere guys. I love YouTube. I absolutely love it. I always have and I always will so subscribe Because in one two three five ten years, I'm still gonna be here man I'm not going anywhere


What is going on guys welcome back to the channel and I appreciate you being here today I bring you another destiny 2 video and today We have a secret chest found within a tangled shore adventure Which you watch use something pretty damn epic that being an exclusive emblem and to be honest guys It isn't really hard to do either but before we get into the location of the secret chest I have five copies of the destiny to complete collection to give away to win One simply drop a like on the video make sure you're subscribed and leave a comment down below I will pick winners over the coming weeks via the comments on my videos So good luck to everybody who tries to win one if that means nothing to you And you already have the game and DLCs if you do enjoy the video I would like to show you support leaving it a thumbs up really helps me out Okay So this secret chest is found within the target the mind bender adventure upon the tangled shore now I know many people will have already done this and at the moment can't redo adventures on the tangled shore But when you will be able to remember this so you can open this chest and get this epic emblem seen on screen now The secret treasure if you have already done this adventure what you could do is find somebody who hasn't and join them in Undoing it because at the moment we don't know when we will be able to redo these adventures It could be next week reset it could be tomorrow We just don't know so what you want to do is start the adventure and make your way all the way through it to get to The very last room we fight the bus the mind bender What you need to do here is to simply kill the bus as normal pretty straightforward If you're in the fire team can be a pain in the ass to do if you are doing it solo But either way take down this bus when you are done do not leave the room through the teleporter You need to locate a key to open the bedroom which is on the outside of the teleporter So what you do is once the bus is dead head towards the teleporter which takes you out But don't jump through it to the right of it You will see platforms which you need to scale and follow around doing this and at the top of these platforms You will find a orb shape key pick this up once you've picked up You can exit the room through the teleporter if you're in a fire team only one person needs to pick up the key So once you're through the teleporter go to this room right here and open up the store Inside of this door is a secret chest inside the chest is this exclusive emblem And it's pretty damn cool if you ask me So yeah guys just a quick video for all you treasure hunters out there who enjoy collecting everything This is just another one to that collection for sure. Remember if you've already done this You won't be able to restart it on your own accord You will need to find someone who hasn't done it yet to get this emblem until they make their tangled show adventures Available for us to do again upon completion. I don't think that will be until next week It could be after that. I could be wrong, but we just do not know as far as I know, but you haven't confirmed anything But yeah guys, this is how you get the secret treasure emblem one for the collection for sure If you guys enjoyed the video leaving a like really helps out if you're a new around here and enjoy daily Destiny videos be sure to subscribe Also a quick note every month I give away a fully customizable controller for either Xbox or PlayStation set anyway in the world to be with Shots of money simply make sure you sub to the channel drop a like on the video leave a comment down below In front of the gleam link at the top of the video description It's fast simple and legit guys and via that gleam link there are multiple ways You can increase your chances in earning this controller. So go ahead and get busy people Good luck if you try and enter and that note. I am at thanks always for stopping by and hopefully I will see you on that next one


Welcome everyone, quite impressed with the size of the room. So bear with me a bit of adrenaline. So I'm Julien, Julien Peloton. I'm a research engineer at CNRS, one of the research institute in France. This is a picture of an observatory, a real one. So it's located in Chile. It's called the Rabin Observatory. And with Fabrice, who is on stage, I will join me on stage later and Etienne here in this room. I'll try to give you some idea of what we are doing here. Okay, so Fink, Fink is the name of the project. It makes astronomy and computing. But what exactly are we doing? So we track changes in the sky. And how we do that. So imagine you own the observatory I showed you before. You take a picture of the sky. You come back the day after and you take a picture of the same sky, the same position. You make the difference and then you wonder what has changed. And you would be surprised. A lot of things change at every time scale. Second, minute, hours, day, months. And that can be obvious things like asteroids, comets, that are passing by. That can be less obvious things. Death of a star, for example, something explode in the sky. And that can be very quick. Like in a matter of minutes, imagine a star just ripped off and nothing left. So we have to be very quick, often just to make sure that we can get information and understand what happened. The problem is if you have a telescope that is very powerful, so very deep, that goes very deep and that can scan every little details, you will get many of those events, of those changes that we call alerts. Typically million per night, millions even. And so you cannot just get them and look them by eyes. That would be just impossible. Even if you have an army of PhD students, you don't get enough. So you need to automate all of that. And here comes Think. So Think is a broker. So it's a software that is basically serving the community by ingesting those stream of alerts that are coming in real time. Try to classify the events because the events, when they come, they are pure information in a pure sense. They don't contain any scientific information.  So we try to classify that and I will give you some details how we do that. We filter them because over the several millions maybe a few only if it is of interest for you. And we distribute that. This is what we do basically. How we do that. So all our services are deployed on academic clouds, large cloud that we operate. We operate 24-7, except when they are clouds, the real one on the sky. We cannot deal with that. And we are serving more than 100 users. And by users, I mean that can be a human, a scientist, that can be an observatory that wants to perform other observations of what you have found or that can be amateurs. So you, with your telescope in your backyard and want to observe something, you can just connect to Think and we will give you what's interesting at your position. And for that, we have so this pipeline that you can see on the right. So the alert, they flow from the bottom. So we collect everything from various observatories. It's a real-time component and we produce alerts via Kafka. And all of that is sent to Apache Spark clusters where basically the computation is performed. And here you have a lot of machine learning, for example, algorithm, that based on the small subset of information that we have, try to infer the nature of the physical process that is taking place. And we have to do that in real-time because then the users they want to miss the event of the year. And then you have to exit of Think either the real-time component so on the left for you where people basically can subscribe using various means that can be a Slack channel, that can be Telegram, that can be Kafka, that can be NameIt. So the idea is to make it simple so that when there is something they can receive a notification. And we archive everything as well. So those 10 millions a night over many years we have to store them on disk to make sure that it can be accessed later on. And so we have an event database of about 1 billion entries and for that we use Apache HBase distributed basically database. The nice thing about Think is I don't know anything about Astrid. I don't know anything about Supernova. I'm just a simple engineer. So how can I actually do classification if I don't know the physics behind? So this part in the classification basically is community-driven. So the users they will come bring the building bricks to the project what we call the science module. So things where there is the physics actually. So hey if I have this information this information that probably means this is an Astrid or this is Supernova. So we outsource basically this classification to the community. And if you think about that it's as if you are asking your users or customers to basically change the source code of your application to get the tailored experience. And you know what it works. It works very well. We have dozens of contributors. They come, they see the point, they modify things and they get exactly what they want at the end of Think. Because I cannot do that for them. But there is a question. There is the question that everybody should ask every day that we ask ourselves every day is when this will break. Okay. When and where where are the failure points diagramme here? It's nice. It works. It does what it's supposed to do. But will it do it forever? Of course the difficulty is really the long run. It's easy to make quick and dirty things. It's way more challenging to keep it running for years. And in Think we are set up for basically the next decade. Telescope will still observe and we have to serve the community. First, the number of maintainers is really low. University not many money. If you want to invest, we are nice. But we are not many. So deployment and operations really should be made easy. I don't want to struggle on production. Second, we don't observe all the time. Telescopes don't observe all the time.  So the throughput, the rate of alert that is coming it ranges from 0 to 1 million. So we want to have the capability to autoscale. We don't want to deploy the whole infrastructure if there isn't nothing. It's just a waste of power, electricity and machine. As I said, we outsource everything to the expert, to the domain expert and they are really crucial agents for the scientific discoveries. They know where to look basically. The problem is they usually have very low computer skills. So when you tell them, yes, they just don't know where to start and if they provide something it's just not usable most of the time. So you should provide with them high level abstractions. Definitely. Don't assume they will just know all the details that you know as a software engineer. They don't. And they don't want to know. It's not their job. Also, they come with their code and often they have requirements, dependencies. Oh, I want to use Spytorch, TensorFlow, Keras, name it. I mean all those huge beasts that are first huge make big image but also often incompatible between one project to another. And so we really have to think about microservices, not like monolithic things that just will break at some point because you are trying to put everything within the same thing. As well there is and I think it's the transition sort of started a few years ago before there was an infrastructure. It was there physically and the user had to know how works the infrastructure. They had to adapt this infrastructure. This is no more the case. I think we really are in a moment where this is the order around where the infrastructure should adapt to specific user needs. We are flexible enough, we know how to do different things. They are heterogeneous architecture. CPU, GPU, cloud, HPC machine etc. So we should provide with them this luxury of choosing depending on what they need. Another thing we often test the code but in our case the platform the infrastructure is part of all the thing. I mean there is the deployment it's highly heterogeneous. There are many of those clusters and should be tested as well. And so end-to-end testing is necessary including code and infrastructure. And when you see this list of code to Kubernetes when we saw that we say we should give a try to Kubernetes and try to see if it can help. And now I will leave the stage to Fabrice that will tell you all the details of implementation. Thank you so much Julien. So now I will explain how we leverage Kubernetes to scale the think-broker. So the goal is not only to work on code-native technology the goal is to understand or to use code-native technology and Kubernetes and cloud in the academic and premise platform. So what we learn with Think we use it also for other academic project. For example now we provide on-demand Kubernetes cluster on-demand Apache Spark cluster on our OpenStack platforms we also provide on-demand self-hosted GitHub Action Runner to academic community and we run a lot of training on cloud technologies for students and staff. So we want to embed the whole academic community toward code-native technology. So now I will introduce or we run a scalable self-hosted CI because as Julien explained think-broker is ton of data mining data machine learning algorithm you have to run and it's difficult to test in CI.  And so we are sure the code always work. So if you want to see the detail look at each commit on the runner we install Kubernetes cluster we install operator life cycle manager we install the Argos CD operator then we install Kafka Maneo we run some alert we simulate alert from telescope and then we run the think-broker to analyze the data with machine learning algorithm ok? So you see this is a huge stack and complex stack and we need to be sure it works at all time ok? So in order to do this we use the open source tool which name KTest Toolbox and you see KTest Toolbox you can see on the bottom right in four line you can install kind with Kubernetes you run KTB XQ8 or life cycle manager then Argos CD then Argos workflow so you have a cluster to Kubernetes cluster up and running in four line where you can bootstrap and run your application ok? Very easy and then you can trigger the DTops Procedure with Argos workflow to install StreamZ Kafka operator which works very well and to install Kafka and Maneo all thing dependencies which are up and running in the cluster in a few line of shell ok? All you have to do is wait for the container to come on the cluster ok? You have to wait for the container to download then for Spark it's a bit more complex because the Spark startup script is a shell script very complex shell script with plenty of options and as you know of installing application this is imperative way so this does not work with GitOps so what we have done is we have written a wrapper on top of Spark submit with a configuration file to ease the launch of this complex shell script ok? So this is better than having the pure shell script of course but we are not yet GitOps so we are investigating the Spark operator which is not the official Spark install procedure but we will allow us to be more GitOps and deploy Spark with Argos CD ok? It's a bit difficult to run Spark it's a bit difficult to run batch on GitOps but the operator provide a technique in order to do that also SUX, SUX it's a very lightweight tool which is a lot RCI and also our deployment production because you see with SUX with sometime in your repository you don't change the source code you change the integration test procedure you change the test data but not the source code so what's inside the image will not change and you have to wait for the image to rebuild even if nothing has changed and so SUX will avoid that SUX as a Git API and you will check if some part of your code has changed if no code has changed it will not match with the same code so the CI build process will run in a few seconds and then you can go to the CI step which runs the end-to-end test ok? so for the end-to-end test SUX is also very important because you see we have different project we have the main project but you have also other project in other repository development we have micro-savis based and we have to install a consistent stack of the version of allo micro-savis it will track all the version for all your micro-savis and so you know what you have run during your CI for all your micro-savis and it will get the source code build them and also get some image docker image if you need docker image and install some other product so you see in one line you can install all your dependencies for your micro-savis which are under development and you can track it and you can log it in your CI so you know what you will deploy in production so what is also very important is the self-hosted runner because you see think it requires lots of disk lots of memory even to run on end-to-end test and so the self-hosted we can't run it on a GitHub action runner does not scale so the self-hosted runner it's very important to scale and to be able to run think with all the science algorithm so self-hosted runner it run on a Kubernetes cluster ok, which is inside our OpenStack platform and then it's based on ARC which work well now and each time you commit in GitHub it will start a pod and your script, your CI script will run inside the pod and we will install kind, Kubernetes, OLM all we have seen previously inside the pod ok we are much optimized now because we run kind inside the pod so we run Kubernetes inside the pod so we are investigating vcluster to create virtual cluster inside of having kind inside the pod to be more optimized but it works but we are improving it and also it's powerful the CI process but you see you reinstall the production platform each time you do commit you have to maintain it it means ok you have lots of problems with the CI because it do a lot of stuff so you are maintaining the CI to work with up to date version of your code so you honestly you spend a lot of time waiting for the CI to install everything and then you debug the good thing is that you don't have to debug an environment platform that you set up from scratch each time there is a bug the good thing is that also when you deploy in production you push a button and it works so the time you spend on the CI you don't spend it in production because in production it's easy to set up production once you have set up your end-to-end test in CI so you see the self-hosted runner it bring us scalability so we can have plenty of resources for running a CI at scale and also we have interactive debugging this is very interesting because you spend maybe 2 hours or 2 hours to install the production platform or to install development version of Think of a new Kubernetes cluster here all you have to do is wait and if you have an error in your CI you run 2 lines you get the kube config you connect to the CI cluster in 2 lines and you are in your environment the think environment with all the microservice which are running and here for example you see on line I connect to the CI and I see there is an error on my pod ok, if I do not have interactive access I have to reproduce all of this on a virtual machine and it will spend maybe 2 or 3 hours if I do not do mistake so this is great for debugging very easy and then you see I can watch the log for my pod ok there is an error in the Python code or in the Python code dependency management here so I can fix it so what you do now when you debug you push a button you wait you log but you do not have to reinstall everything so CI will do all of this for you in a deterministic way this is powerful and so with GitHub action runner you can't do that because it does not scale and you have interactive access you can act to have interactive access interesting for CI, self hosted runner so as a conclusion I will say that things need to run until 2035 so we need to use stable technologies ok so we are very careful with the Kubernetes ecosystem and we try to stick with graduated project not to have to put too much energy on a project will disappear before the end of the maintenance we have we expect hundreds of users watching the sky ok so people all over the world will embed their algorithm inside think so it's an exciting challenge Kubernetes development there is still lot of work but you have something which work on your integration platform and the CI so we have something which work we need to improve and it's a great opportunity to learn better or to operate academic on premise cloud so we want to use on premise infrastructure ok it's great because even if you have some maintenance at all the level you understand pretty well what's happening so it's a great challenge thank you so much for your attention and feel free to ask any question quick question you already mentioned that you were planning on sharing with the scientific community are you also planning on extending your current cluster to allow other telescopes to add their events to your cluster kind of working towards one big system that allows you to combine all the astronomical events making it easier to combine data whatever that's a good question yes we should bring as many observatories telescope surveys as we can however I think it's not having a single system for everything is definitely not what we want to have for many reasons the first reason is mostly sociological having one system with one team is less flexible than having multiple teams and there are other brokers that think for example that are doing I wouldn't say the same thing because they do it worst but they are doing similar things and it's probably great for the diversity because we are limiting manpower as well so if there are other teams doing orthogonal things it's good but yes definitely the idea is still to converge and having as many things as possible because what you do as a scientist probably will benefit another scientist so imagine for example I am tracking gamma reverse though they are like very quick explosion in the sky they can be easily mimicked by something else that just flashes like an asteroid or some other things so if someone is working on my contaminants on asteroids etc and they can name it me I don't have to think about those things because they will be named and removed by someone else so yes having more teams is definitely a good thing 1 plus 1 is more than 2 in that case I have a question over here 1 1st of all thank you for the presentation I think it was the best one I've seen so far like real problems and real challenges I have a question more about the organizational structure like how was your team created how was it funded and what kind of organizational challenges do you have because I think you have very limited funding and you need to work around this and still scale all this stuff up Thanks for the question The project was created in 2019 after the observatory that I showed you at the beginning issued a call so they had this data volume problem they knew they had to send several terabytes every night millions of alerts and they didn't know how to do it so they issued a call while at university there are research labs that are doing R&D and we are working on similar problems so doing streaming at scale we spark so we say hey that's a good use case actually so we started contacting scientists to explain them that we had we had a solution to their problem and let's partner together that was the first thing then we had to find fundings for that and there you need to convince basically funding agency and research that's challenging they don't have a lot but still there is some money I won't lie so currently we are funded until 2035 in terms of hardware so that's to give you an idea that's a million euro for things for example in terms of hardware including all the cloud infrastructure I showed you the replacement of the hardware etc for the next 10 years and now we need people do you want to join us that's difficult that's difficult to attract so we can still brainwash students and tell them that we are better and they should stay with us but clearly it's highly competitive so whenever they learn about communities spark, Kafka they are attractive on the market so it's difficult to to let them it's difficult to ask them to stay there is a huge turnover at this point thank you yes I had another small question in the beginning you showed the processing pipeline from data to event alert and I was wondering if the end users only get the event alerts or are they also able to query the HBase archive and if so how do you provide that service so they can do both they receive in real time and they can go back to the archive maybe I can show yeah yeah that's challenging to so the real time is easy because they can use their favorite tool for HBase of course we had to provide API for them I would say scientific community is more sequel like things so when we provide with them something on HBase they say what's this syntax what's this so we provide on top of the API a lot of abstraction layer so that they can formulate their query in let's say meta language that they understand and then we interpret that into HBase query one of the difficulty with HBase if you don't know HBase in a nutshell tables they have only single row key so you can index only on a single thing the problem is queries that people formulate they are very rich okay so you can for example your key can be partition my data on space but if you formulate the query on time it will just stay forever so we had to use let's say clever techniques in HBase to enable queries as rich as possible and I would be happy in another talk to explain you all the clever things or stupid things we've done with HBase yeah thank you very much for the talk it was very very interesting you were just a second ago talking about the longevity of the people contributing to maintaining this pipeline and I saw you have the CD repo for this on your get hub and I was wondering are you like trying to solicit external contributions to help maintain it or from the other institutions using the data or are you thinking that you'll just make this public but really the ones mostly controlling the direction of the platform rather than of the subcomponents that go into it that's a good question I don't think I have a final answer maybe Fabrice will add some word on that so all the code is open source infrastructure and science usually people when they come they will just open a pull request for example hey I have this idea the difficulty is often they don't know how to formulate or how to integrate their piece of code into the thing a lot of tutorials, how to etc to just explain a lot of templates as well to explain them how it should be done but eventually it really works the first time so we spend a lot of time trying to work with them so we have a dedicated team basically that spend time with the scientists and they sit down we try first to work out the details so what are you trying to do then the requirements in terms of computing for example in terms of dependency so do you need deep learning machine learning or very simple thing that would be very different at the end and typically after a month or two we can hand off everything to the science team because they learn everything they need to learn and then they can live on their own and they can contribute without our assistance but yes it doesn't work the first time it takes a few months and then yes I will talk about the technical side also for contributing so look on the technical side there is two open source tools this one K test toolbox so we are happy to embed new contributors simple code so if you do a blue request of course we are happy to integrate it and because I think this covers large use cases for people who use Kubernetes and so yes we are happy to embed new features in the tool and make it to have a more future and also so this one is dedicated so I don't think it will interest so other people maybe people who use Spark and SUKS also is interesting for CI because you see I work on CI systems since now and these two tools yes I think they are useful because most of the time you fix with shell script and you have this complex shell script you need to move on all your CI platform or to version it or to deploy it these tools are easy to deploy easy to version and can provide a good feature and yes request are welcome so if you want to contribute we will be happy to embed you in this project Thank you for sharing this I was wondering maybe what was the architectural choice for choosing for HBase together with Apache Spark and because there is also Apache Flink I was just wondering if there were features within Apache Flink which could potentially replace both of HBase and Apache Spark Thank you for the question c'est possible to make a choice at some point concerning Spark we had proof of concept at that time back in 2019 that was working with Spark so definitely that was the technology we wanted to use and we are 2024 and we are still happy with Spark so definitely it's part of the stack and it won't be removed HBase I hate HBase just hate it every day but the team is small the team of engineer around us at that time we had an engineer working with the CERN the high energy physics collider lab in Geneva and they had a huge expertise in HBase and we didn't know what to choose at that time there was many different options but we had this person with knowledge on this and we made this choice I still not sure if it's the right choice now or if back in 2019 would have been better to take some training on something else so yeah you mentioned a few names yes definitely we are looking around the stack of the project is not graving stone so we are set to run until 2035 because the observatory will run until 2035 but every six months basically we consider every pieces of the stack and start to think well in 1, 2, 3 years will it still be there and do we need some to change something take training thank you thank you yes in addition I would say that our goal is to deliver a service to astronomer and not to we are not stick to some technologies so if your technologies come which is better than the one we use now and gets mature of course we will switch but now this work well if we have time and man power to switch and human power sorry it's easy to get locked you are hungry I follow a question towards HBase I was wondering how do you host this service is it collocated to the Kubernetes cluster is it running on VMs or is it a party that helps you setting this up because from experience I know hosting HBase actually having a production it's not a nice thing no it isn't and it's usually very costly as well on the operation side but also on the support side so I was wondering how that looks like on your side so now deployment is bare metal so we don't use Kubernetes for that so we have HDFS cluster basically we deploy HBase I would say manually and of course all those things that helps but yes this is definitely one of the weakness so most of the time at phase there is some problem with huge shuffle that suddenly HBase decided to trigger and we don't know what and everything is parallelized for hours so yeah that could be easier definitely that's easier also yes for databases no we don't run HBase in Kubernetes but databases are coming more and more up or running more and more well in Kubernetes so when we will move databases to Kubernetes we will investigate if we switch or if we run HBase I don't know if this stack is not working well in Kubernetes now it seems maybe there is some other technology but databases run pretty well now in Kubernetes thanks to Operator so we need to study that Thank you very much I think times is over I see a zero zero zero Bon appétit


I really need to make this video talking about belief and how easy lucid dreaming and really anything that you want to experience can really be. Why am I making this video? By the way, if you're hearing random noises, it's my rat's play in the background. Why am I making this video? Because you would be amazed if you saw how many messages, emails and comments I get from people saying, essentially, I was finding lucid dreaming so difficult, so hard before I found your channel, I found your channel and then you told me how easy it is and almost instantly things shifted, things changed and I was able to do these things. You know, there's a comment here, it's got dozens of upvotes on one of my videos that says, you saying lucid dreaming is easy after everything else telling me it's hard has inspired me to go back to learning how. There's so many comments like this where people basically say that I inspired them and helped them to lucid dream after years of not being able to do it. And this is the power of belief and I want to explain it in a few ways why this is so powerful. So what's happening now in the world is essentially a big change and people as a whole, collective consciousness is realising that, hold on a second, we've been lied to about quite a lot of things and we actually can do almost anything, you know. We have this immense power within us to completely heal and re-order and reorganise our bodies and minds with our consciousness alone and in fact there is no difference. I've heard recently this quite funny statement that said that our bodies, our minds are unable to heal our bodies or that there's this separate connection but if you really look at the quantum level and if you read the hundreds of books that I have here below me, you will understand that there is no difference between physical matter, our body, ourselves, whatever and consciousness. In fact, consciousness creates and is the physical matter that we think is outside of us and it's very clear that anyone saying otherwise has not looked into the quantum mechanics and quantum experiments that have been done now and are continuing to be done. That show there's no separation, consciousness is matter, matter is consciousness. There's no difference between the two things. So when you think about questions like can you heal yourself in a lucid dream, of course you can, can the mind heal the body, yes of course it can. It doesn't happen any other way. It really doesn't. And anyway, healing is not the topic of this video. The topic of this video is that lucid dreaming is easy and I want you to just repeat this and maybe go down and type it in the comments as well that lucid dreaming is easy because when you and really this applies to anything but when you have this belief that something is easy, it becomes easy. When you have a belief that something is difficult, it becomes difficult. And you know, this is not just me kind of preaching at you. This is something that I've heard myself from so many people, countless people, books, videos, interviews, really anything. And if you look at the interviews with let's say top level athletes, celebrities, CEOs, entrepreneurs, really anyone that you could consider to be successful. People you could you would say are let's say self-made or successful, high achievers. If you actually listen to the words they say, the interviews they give people, almost all of them attribute their success to the power of consciousness, the power of the mind to set an intention to visualize it and then to manifest it. And this is across the board. You know, it's very hard to find somebody who's at the pinnacle of success who doesn't attribute it to the power of belief, the power of manifestation, conscious intention and belief. Of course, hard work is important too, but that comes secondary to the belief, the intention and the manifestation. This applies just the same to lucid dreaming. You can try any technique you want, you can try any supplement, any device, none of it's going to work unless you believe it's possible. In fact, the whole kind of point of you typing into YouTube how to learn how to lucid dream is by definition, in order to type that you must believe it's possible. You must have heard somebody else do it, thought it sounded like a cool idea and then you subconsciously or consciously decided, oh, that sounds like an interesting experience. I want to do that. So it must be possible. So I want to learn how to do it and therefore you type into YouTube how to lucid dream. The belief comes first, the techniques and the actions come second. And in many cases, the belief alone is enough. This applies not just to lucid dreaming, but also to healing, manifestation and really anything that you're trying to do. Belief, intention and conscious awareness come way before anything else. There are a series of experiments that have been done as well, which really show the power of conscious awareness and intention. You have the experiment where they basically took somebody's DNA separated from the guy by about 200 miles and they stimulated the emotions of this guy and instantly the DNA that they separated from him, bear in mind this DNA was 200 miles away from the guy, instantly responded electrically to the guy's emotions. Now there's no explanation for that according to traditional physics. So when you hear people say things like even the organs inside your body, the cells that make up your body are completely separate to your mind, I have no words, like that has so far from logic, reasoning and reality that it's funny. How is there any separation between your consciousness and your body? You know, there is none. And of course this is how you have these, you know, hundreds of thousands, if not millions of stories of people who were and did heal their bodies with intention, with belief. You know, this happens across the board way, way beyond the margin for error that you could attribute to things like deviation from the mean, no-cebo effect, errors in reporting, all of these things, these are such a tiny, tiny fraction of the explanation. They don't explain, you know, how people are able to miraculously make tumors vanish, right? Or how people are able to have a terminal diagnosis from a doctor and then weeks or days later, the thing is gone and the doctors just have no idea what's happened, you know, these things are happening more and more and more. Now you might be asking, well, why don't they happen all the time? Exactly the same reason, because you have people saying that it's not possible, because you have the whole society, the whole medical industry, which by my mind only makes money, and I want to repeat this, only makes money when you're sick, okay? So if there was a way, if there was a natural way, which there is, to heal anything, there will be the last people to tell you the doctor doesn't have an income unless you're sick. So hopefully you understand that. Anyway, yeah, the margin for error is very, very, very small, it's a very small piece of the explanation for the fact that we, our consciousness controls our body. And I want to just make it very clear, because this goes back to the absolute foundation of really everything. Your consciousness is not your mind, and this has been proven scientifically as well. If you really only want to listen to science, lab-based evidence, this has been proven in labs as well. You can take somebody, and this happens very often with brain damage victims, people who have had damage or trauma to their brain. They used to think that each part of the brain had a correlation to a specific trait or function within our body. They used to think that, right? They used to think if you remove, let's say, this tiny chunk here, you would no longer be able to speak French. If you remove this chunk, your left leg won't work, for example, right? They used to think this. However, this has never been proven, and now it's been proven that actually you can take out, you know, a potentially huge chunk of your brain, and the whole thing still works exactly the same. They used to think memories as well were mapped to a specific area physically of your brain. They used to think, for example, here is the memory of this, and then two centimeters over here, there's another memory. This as well has been disproven, because you have these people who have had chunks of their brain removed or, you know, in an accident, whatever. They still have all their memories, and there's really no explanation for that other than the ancient and now modern explanation that it's a hologram, that every piece of the image reflects the whole. So it doesn't matter if you take out a piece of the image, because it's redundant.  So in terms of consciousness, right, your awareness, and you can prove this again with meditation, if you meditate and just bring your awareness back to kind of like almost above your body, physically like outside of your body. What you'll notice is that your thoughts are very separate to the awareness of the thoughts. The vast majority of people never notice this, because they never meditate, and they're constantly locked into their ego and into their mind. Very left-brained, these are the sorts of people who will be very attracted to things like numbers, logic, reason, left-brained kind of black and white stuff, as opposed to the right-brained, creative, flow state kind of stuff. The best situation is where you synchronize the two through the corpus callosum, which is the bridge between the two hemispheres of the brain, and you merge the two approaches into one.  There's really no, there's no way you can point to and say, this is where my consciousness starts, and this is where my consciousness ends, because your consciousness is everywhere. Everything that exists is consciousness. But if you want to kind of, I guess, prove this to yourself, try and meditate, and what you'll notice if you do it properly is that your consciousness is very separate to your thoughts.  It's kind of like this monkey chatter that just goes on and on. When you meditate, you separate from that, and you have this awareness of the thoughts, but you are not the thoughts. So the seat of consciousness is not your brain, it's not your mind, and it's certainly not these little thoughts that you keep having, or that your ego keeps having. So when you comment it from that approach, your consciousness is essentially operating your body and mind like an avatar. Okay? So through the consciousness, you can then direct the mind and then affect the body. Anyway, I don't really know what this title of this video is going to be, because it's covering quite a few things. I might just make it something like, at least a dream is easy, or anything is possible. Hopefully you get the idea. You know, I could talk for a long time about this stuff, but I just wanted to share my opinion on healing specifically, and the ability of consciousness and the mind to affect the body. This has been proven many times, and if I have some time this week, I might actually collect a list of all of the... I have a small list of the studies, but I will collect a larger list of all the studies, experiences, situations, people, and things that prove this. Anyway, the biggest proof, by the way, is just to try it for yourself, and I really give it a good go for 30 days. Anyway, let me know what you think.