It's July, and this is JSA TV, the Newsroom for Tech and Telecom Professionals, and JSA Radio, Your Voice for Tech and Telecom on iHeart Radio. I'm Jamie Stato-Cutia, and on behalf of my team here at JSA, welcome to our monthly virtual CEO roundtable, and we've got a stellar one lined up here for you. These monthly broadcasts, of course, lead us up to our on-site CEO roundtables at our executive networking event, the Telecom Exchange for Techs. You know, acronyms, we love them. And new for 2019, Techs is quarterly. Next one up, we're in Toronto, October 3rd. And then back to LA for our third telecom exchange there, November 11th through 12th. More at thetelecomexchange.com. But I think Mr. Philip Marangella might be speaking in Toronto, so definitely come and show up for more Philip love. All right, so let's go ahead and get started. Today's topic, pushing 5G to the edge, the realities, the concerns, and the real life use cases. We have an all-star lineup from four absolutely innovative companies joining us today. And to help us introduce them and moderate our panel, please welcome back Jerry Christensen, who's the founder and CEO of our industry's leading market intelligence and technology insights firm, MindCommerce. Jerry, floor is yours. Thank you, Jamie. Thank you for a great introduction. So yes, we've been focused on 5G and edge computing for quite some time now. And I'm very excited about this panel of experts. And I've got some questions prepared, but also we're going to keep this very open and free flowing. So we'll see what direction it goes. What I'd like to do first is have each one of them introduce themselves. So Jordan, let's start with you. Great. Thank you very much, guys. So my name is Jordan Wired. I'm with Data Bank. For those of you that are not familiar with Data Bank, we are a next generation, hyper cloud and IT service management provider with a very vast portfolio of services, but mostly with a focus on delivering, processing uptime integrity to the edge markets, as well as security and compliance around FedRAMP, Visva, and some of the other things that you need in order to be able to guarantee the integrity of that. So really excited about being on this and thank you for your time. So we'd like to go next, Phillip. Sure. Phillip Marangela here. I'm the chief marketing officer at Edge Connect. We also build data centers. A bit unique in the sense that we span the spectrum from building out hyper local facilities that we call 220 edge pops within buildings all the way to hyperscale data center facilities for large cloud and web hyperscalers and then everything in between. So we have about 40 plus data centers across 30 markets around the world. And again, focused on service providers, network, content, cloud, and we've been doing this for a number of years, building out at the edge. So we kind of have a unique perspective of a lot of those use cases and requirements that the service providers are building out for their customers to enable the opportunity for them to grow. Thank you Phillip. Rob? Yes, good morning. So I'm Robert DeLio, the CEO of Highland. Primarily Highland's around for almost 60 years coming up next year. We're a full term key provider. We build fiber networks. We build cable networks. We build small cell networks. We do a lot of infrastructure building for smart city infrastructures. We do a lot of municipality work or communications and smart highways. Currently Highland, we're operating in about coming up on 12 states now. Some of the major cities, New York City, Chicago, LA, Phoenix, we're working in DC, Virginia, doing some data center work, obviously in those markets today. Currently, also we do a lot of, I think I mentioned smart city infrastructure work as far as PS building. We do bus shelters that have smart digital displays that are attached to them. Thank you. Thank you, Rob. Tormann? Yeah, hi. My name is Tormann Larson. I'm the Chief Technology Officer for XNet Systems. XNet Systems is the largest independent provider of what we call distributed networks. Distributed networks in this context is small cell networks, distributed antenna systems, a lot of the CRAN, CloudRAN type deployments. So when you talk about kind of 5G and the edge, we're really at the edge of 5G. We are building out a lot of the radio access networks, out of the carriers, out of that being outside or in buildings. So we are attaching to a lot of the infrastructure that Rob mentioned, terms of sweet lamps, utility poles and so forth, but also bringing it back to locations that maybe in the past have been a hub and could potentially be distributed or edge data centers as well. So all of these things are kind of coming together in the infrastructure we're building, owning and operating. Thank you, Tormann. So to kick things off, I'd like to make a few comments that are not going to be news to the experts here as part of this virtual roundtable, but I think will be a helpful backdrop, especially to those listening in or watching this video. So it's hard to talk about 5G and edge separately. We will talk about them separately to a certain extent, but they're very intertwined, whether that be with respect to the radio access network or the core network. And one of the things I think it's important to keep in mind as we look at rolling out 5G is there's really three different unique classes of service. There's the enhanced mobile broadband. There's the massive machine type communications. There's the ultra reliable low latency communications. And each one of them have their own unique requirements. Some of them are overlapping and some of them are at times mutually exclusive that some of those have to do with capacity, coverage, latency and reliability. So I like each of you to kind of keep that as a backdrop in mind as you answer the questions and Rob, I'd like to direct the first question to you. So as we look at the build out of 5G, and part of that of course is the evolution of the long term evolution standard LTE for 4G. And in particular, as we focus on smart cities, we all know that there's going to be a massive build out, especially on the radio access network part of it, the ran part of it. Provide some of your commentary there about how you see that evolving in general and also if there's any specific examples you can provide us to how well that's going and potential challenges that might be in store for not only a carrier as they roll it out but also a municipality as they implemented and manage it. Yeah, so, so we're building a lot of these major cities where we're doing small cell attachments, utility poles, street light poles, traffic signal poles where some of the municipalities have opened up their infrastructure already. You know, I'll give you an example about New York is a new infrastructure about 12 years ago for us for attachments on the city street light poles. You know, the problem we're seeing is is they're only allowing our carriers or other companies that are providing bills for carriers, the small amount of attachments free. And so, you know, they get 200 300 attachments allowed per year, where they need thousands. So, you know, that's where we're not seeing, you know, the municipalities opening their doors up enough for for permitting for us.  The infrastructure is there in some of the major cities when we get to the war, the rural areas, there's so much of that infrastructure is not there so it's going to be, you know, expensive bills for these, these guys to get out to build, you know, a lot of these attachments for 5G for small cells. Great. Thank you. Herman, would you like to weigh in on that as well? Absolutely. You know, we're faced with it and it's interesting, you know, in a number of the more dense metropolitan areas, some extent we're running out of infrastructure. Right. It's the number of viable locations are dwindling down as you know, we've been building out already 4G. I tell people in our densest network in San Francisco, we already at 130 nodes per square mile. So you if you start thinking about that in some of these municipalities where, you know, it's limited amount of infrastructure as a challenge. The other part of it for 5G specifically, as we've been deploying, you know, 28 gig and 39 gig, we have other limitations of where we could put the equipment on the poles. We really have to kind of be on top of the pole with not only the antennas but actually the radio heads electronics itself as well. And also because of the way it is kind of being built out right now. Some of that is actually pretty big equipment. So it's a whole small self, but from a physical perspective, it could be pretty sizable specifically as we tried to build for multiple operators. So that's obviously introduced some challenges both from aesthetics and loading perspective, maybe even more importantly from a power perspective. These power 5G radios actually consume a lot of power and that's not always available on the locations that we are doing. So I think what Rob mentioned, you know, just to share volume is most probably the biggest issue for the municipality to really kind of come up with a process that accommodating, you know, a program rather than a site by site. Great. So that's some good discussion on some of the ran issues I'd like to transition a little bit over to some of the core issues and when I think of edge edge computing mobile edge computing multi access computing I think of that as being part of the core. You guys might have some other ideas about that I like to direct a question to fill up in that regard. So we've been talking a little bit about 5G and some of the issues, the availability of power and fiber and perhaps there could be some back call there for 5G to help with some of those fiber issues. But when we speak about the edge, one of the things that we often talk about is a multi cloud environment, the prospect of the carriers deploying the edge and the prospect of there being some distributed data centers regardless of where they're located perhaps in an enterprise, a telco closet that a large corporation has. So Phil, I'd love to hear some of your views on that how you see this evolving and you know what you see is the carrier involvement and do we anticipate this over the top model the OTT model perpetuating as it has with some of the apps that we currently have and an edge environment with edge specific apps. I'd love to hear what you have to say about that. Yeah, yeah, sure. So, look, I think, you know, not just for cloud but what we're talking about here and what's interesting with the panel that's brought together today is collectively what we're really trying to do is help rearchitect the internet. Right. And why is that is because the internet has been traditionally download central right and and the way it's been configured. Historically has been good enough to support this core out to the edge distribution notion right. But if you look at whether to cloud, whether be, you know, over the top content. But then you see all these other trends emerging in terms of virtual reality cloud gaming autonomous vehicles. So much data is being created at the edge and being sent back to the core right and so it's just not efficiently constructed and so this is what whether it's a data center, whether it's the network wire line or wireless, whether it's the towers and all the stuff. We're working together to try to help satisfy the demand trends that are coming in terms of the volume of data in the the velocity requirements the latency requirements that that data will require and smartly route that traffic so that it can alleviate those bottlenecks that are happening at the edge. Right. And I think, you know, you know, building out these data centers at the edge where you can do a lot more compute there rather than sending it all the way back to the core will be key to that right and smartly determining what what you keep at the edge. What goes to other edges were back to the core is kind of what we're all working to help facilitate and alleviate these incoming these upcoming bottlenecks that we're seeing. So I'll leave it out there I'm sure Jordan also has has seen a lot of this and has has thoughts on it as well. Yeah, it's been turned over to Jordan as well. I'd love to hear your perspective. You know, it's interesting and felt really hit the nail right on the head. If you look at the edge computing market. It's looking to exceed 11 billion dollars by 2024 with a keg or about 35%. It's not going anywhere but it's being driven by a significantly large and collective amount of different attributes and different types of technologies to also re architect the way that the internet works. You know, you had mentioned something about cloud on rings right and for us edge computing at a data bank level is really within proximity to the process and where the data needs to be and then once that data is captured. How do we actually manage and guarantee the uptick or the integrity of that. And part of that is being able to provide the aggregation to different types of multi multi cloud and it service management frameworks right because as we continue to push out and more processing and more types of innovation and applications and all these different things it's not one fits all. Especially you know if you look at X to net part of the digital bridge family that data bank is part of, you know, we are strategically working to be able to connect while being able to address the one to many type of requirements that are needed in order to be able to deliver this right. So, from our perspective, the over the top a lot of the network function virtualizations SD way and a lot of these other different types of transformational technologies. We embrace those and we work in co op with them to really be able to condition it and provide those different paths and routes in order to get to what the desired outcome is from the consumer. Great, thank you Jordan. So piggybacking on that Jordan another question back to you and then I like to have some others way on as well is data you talked a lot about data and so to fill up as well the need to have edge computing. Because otherwise you've got a back call back to the centralized core power computing infrastructure which obviously induces delay and so that's going to be a big problem for some of these ultra reliable low latency applications like virtual and any kind of virtual centralized service like augmented reality or all times vehicles. A big question is about data. Who owns it. It's a big rhetorical question. Who has the care of custody, especially if if it's an OTT model where maybe it's a third party that's actually managing the app on the edge computing infrastructure. So what are some of your thoughts around that Jordan, how is the whole data ownership and and custody issue going to evolve. That's a great question. And, you know, when we're looking at data, we are still limited in one universal thing and that's the speed of light until we figure out how to leverage black holes and start jumping around at different universes. This is the one common thing that we all have to kind of address right with that being said, we look at it as in a partnership with all sorts of other providers right data that doesn't own the data, right. We own and have the responsibility for supporting that data and aggregating that data with other types of strategic partners and stuff like that. So, ultimately, what I would say is it's collectively owned, but the ownership is really more scoped through a guarantee service level agreement right and being able to say we guarantee this type of performance for this type of environment or this type of guarantee for this type of objective or outcome that the business or the consumer wants. But ultimately, that data goes across a lot of different providers again, especially with the OTTs and all the new types of platforms. We're all just working together to make a really nice meal. Great. Thank you, Jordan. So, Phil, I'd like to go back to you on this one as well and I'm going to amend the question just a little bit because I want to make sure I'm clear on what I'm trying to get out with this. So, there's a lot of data that's going to be created by 5G and edge computing and autonomous vehicle, for example. So, who owns that data and who has the right to do stuff with it for lack of better words.  If they're providing transportation as a service? Is it the carrier? Is it maybe a third party? Is it the end user? Is it all the above? And how do you see that data being used, whether it's real-time data, do you see it being syndicated? I'd like to hear your thoughts on that. I mean, as a data center operator, you know, it's up to our customers in terms of how they want to use the data and how they want to share it. But I think what's more important when you think about these use cases and what people are doing is that, you know, what's important is this edge-peering notion in terms of the transfer of the data and how you more efficiently and effectively distribute that data between the kind of supply chain of the creators and consumers of that data. And then, you know, those ecosystems that evolve, right? In autonomous vehicle, it's not just Ford, but it's also, you know, it's like Bosch that has a lot of systems on it. It's, you know, Bridgestone. It's the municipality. They all want access to it and to leverage it to be smarter about how they, you know, so the car can become more autonomous in and of itself, how the streets can be more efficient in terms of traffic flows and this, that and the other. And what we're trying to do is just build that platform where you can interact with the different ecosystems across whether it's autonomous vehicles, whether it's cloud gaming, right? And allow people to transfer that data, right? Just think about the airports that, you know, it can't just be United Airlines only has access to dollars. You want to be able to switch from one airline to another within that same, you know, that's why you have the different terminals and gates and so forth. And that's what we're trying to enable, because when I talk about this re architecting the Internet, that has to scale out at the edge and make it easy for folks to interact. And what's important is that the networks don't say, hey, this is my 5G, I've built this out, I paid all this money, and I'm only letting you ride on my network because a, a provider or a service provider like a Google or, you know, Facebook or what have you, we want access to all those networks. And so we're just trying to provide a platform for them to interconnect seamlessly and efficiently. Great. Thank you, Phil. So we've talked some about infrastructure. We talked about Edge and data. I'd like to turn things back over to Rob and to Tormin. I'll start with Tormin first. The open ended rhetorical question is what are some of the leading 5G Edge supported applications going to be? And you could pick any segment you want. If you want to look at the consumer segment or enterprise industrial or government, what do you see as some of the leading applications? You could pick any one of them. And when you answer the question, Tormin, let us know some of the challenges in supporting it, whether it be reliability, capacity coverage or latency. I'd like to hear some of your views on that Tormin. Yeah, absolutely. And maybe to piggyback to a little bit what you asked about in terms of data. One of the things we are seeing right now, which is kind of related to 5G is this notion of private networks, right? And you talk about being at the edge. Those are really at the edge. And you talk about having the need for edge compute. And in these cases, it's actually maybe a little bit opposite of what Philip said. It is actually application. If you are in manufacturing, you don't want Google and Facebook and all of those have access to that data. Or you're in healthcare, right? Same thing. So now you have specific applications out of that is based on a lot of data, so the broadband aspect of what you mentioned earlier, or massive IoT type applications that are specific to that locality or that hospital if you want. Or you also have mission critical applications like in manufacturing where they don't want to be interfered with. So for example, we had a customer just this week that had 20,000 cyber attacks on their network. You know, you don't want to be in those cases, maybe connected to the internet, right? So those are just some applications that we're seeing. And now it's like, okay, how do you tie that then maybe to... If you are in those facilities, you also want kind of the public layer of functionality. You want actually the internet, but here's the application that you want to segregate. Those are... I don't know what answer you are looking for, but we see that as a pretty interesting evolution not only for 5G but in general in the water industry. And even with 5G and kind of combining it a little bit what we're doing on the RAN side, where you're ending up with this concept of networks within networks. So for example, in a stadium where we are deploying 5G today, you not need 5G outside because it's in the stadium that you have some of these applications that really are driving the need for higher bandwidth and like I said, augmented or virtual reality type applications. But they are not applicable when you walk to the restaurant across the street because that's not where they have the right or want to provide them because they want to bring people into the stadium. So hopefully I gave you a little bit of a flavor of some of the stuff we're seeing. That's great. I'd like to actually drill down to that a little bit more and give some others a chance to weigh in as well. You bring up some great topics, the notion that there's going to be public networks and there's going to be private networks. It also fits in with the multi-cloud environment thing that we talked about earlier. And Rob, I'd like to hear your thoughts on this as well. From an infrastructure perspective, how do we support this in a way so that if there's a wireless network and as Tormund was saying, they have different types of privacy and security requirements than say a public network. How do we build out the infrastructure in a way to support this multi-cloud environment to ensure security and privacy in both contexts? Being the public cloud per se and the other one being the private cloud that you might see in an industrial application, for example. Yeah, so we see most of our clients today are building their networks, their own fiber networks back to their own facilities or and or to the carriers facilities. So they'll own those networks. Generally when we're building networks for the cities or municipalities or government agencies, they're not going to share their networks with any other carriers just from a security standpoint. We do see streetlight infrastructure and utility poles where they will allow, you know, there'll be multiple fiber networks on those poles. Again, they should be separated so that there's no risk of security where they're crossing. As far as applications, we're seeing all different types of applications where we're deploying these networks to. So as Tormund mentioned, stadiums, we're deploying them out to subway stations. We're deploying them out to bus shelters where we can put these networks on what we call a smart bus shelter. We see kiosks going in and replaces of old phone boots. So we'll see networks being built to those to those new kiosks. All of these can be used for 5G applications. Okay, fantastic.  Consumer versus business 5G apps. Which one and why? What's going to be the big ROI? Consumer versus business. You know, I think the ROI is going to be at least from an infrastructure perspective, the amount of data and the amount of consumption and infrastructure that's required in order to support it. I wouldn't say it's necessarily one or the other. I think it's maybe a little too early for that in a time to tell. But our interest kind of going back again from the four walls and the roof, private versus public, all these different types of aspects. You know, we just want to provide whatever those guarantees are for that. And the more data and the more consumption equals more density. EDGE obviously allows to thin out a lot of that data which drives a high ROI and high yield from a financial savings perspective. But ultimately, I think time will tell. It's a little too early right now for that. Great. Phillip, what do you think and also answer within the context of the private networks? What kind of killer apps do you see on private networks and how do you see that comparing to the broader consumer perspective on 5G? Yeah, I mean, I'll just say, you know, from a 5G perspective, you know, 4G for a lot of the applications and workloads that we see today is still good enough, right? But, you know, we still have to prepare and build out 5G, right, for the future, the kind of tidal wave of data that's coming. In terms of those use cases, again, private or public, you know, you see smart cities, you see smart homes, you see industrial IOT and consumer IOT.  I think I'd probably lean more on the enterprises and some of the things that they're trying to build out and those, you know, kind of volume of requirements are going to kind of be a leading indicator. But it doesn't matter to us, right? We're just a platform to help enable whether it's consumer, whether it's government, whether it's enterprise, to kind of support that and work with the networks, the clouds, the content guys to all try to figure this out seamlessly. All right, fantastic. So as we wind down here, one final question I'd like each of you to provide an answer to if you can perhaps somewhat briefly. And that would be 5G, when's it going to be here? You know, we're all seeing on LinkedIn and the media, these pictures of these great one gig downloads. Of course, that's focusing on the radio access network. But what about the core? What about the whole latency and one of the reasons why we're having this discussion is, you know, there's 5G and edge because you need to keep that latency low. So Tormin, when's 5G going to get here? I know it's somewhat of a rhetorical question, so you can answer it from whatever perspective you want. When are we going to have it? No, it's a good question. Obviously, from an infrastructure perspective on the RAN side, we're already building 5G networks right now for our customers. And obviously, some of the carriers already launched a service. I think maybe the bigger question in the context here is, you know, when do we really start seeing a difference from a consumer perspective or a business perspective? How does it really start transforming, you know, businesses and really have the impact that you mentioned earlier? I think if you look at kind of a little bit of history, we are several years away from that. Two, three years before we start seeing some real applications that are more than kind of a next step from 4G. But, Ken, you need the basis and that's what we're building as we speak. Rob? Yeah, I agree with Tormin. You know, I will put it in two parts. I think our major cities will see the infrastructure built a little faster. I think the rural areas will be a little bit more of a challenge as it will be pretty expensive to build out those markets. But I agree, we're still several years away. Bill? Yep, I agree. I think the networks in particular are still going to make use of, you know, large investment in 4G and try to maximize that for as much and as long as they can. So 5G, I think, you know, you're going to see trials and proof of concepts and so forth. But in earnest, it won't be to the mid-20s where you start to see 5G really take hold across many markets across the country. Jordan? It's not if it's when. So from an infrastructure provider, we're ready for it. We've been ready for it. We've got the backing. We've got the capabilities within the four walls on the roof. We've got the connectivity, all the different on-ramps, the management, the security. Really, it's just as it continues to organically progress, right? But from the data center operator side, we're hoping it's going to be sooner and later. But time will tell. Great answers. I really appreciate that. And one of my, I'll add my personal view on that one. I really think that fixed wireless is going to be very important for 5G for the foreseeable future.  Tormann brought up a great example of an in-venue app, you know, maybe in a stadium where it makes sense to have your edge compute there and your 5G coverage there. But what about when somebody attempts to walk out of the stadium and they need to hand over to LTE and maybe the edge compute is not even available there. So, you know, there's going to be all kinds of interesting issues that are going to come up. Thank you all so much. I really appreciate your views. You're great experts. And this has been a really good panel. I really appreciate it. And thank you, Jerry. Your insights always amazing.  I really appreciate this all-star panelist. Again, Rob DeLeo, Hyland, Phillip Marangela, Edge Connects, Jordan Wired, Data Bank, Tormid Larson, Extenet Systems. Of course, Jerry Christensen, founder of MindCommerce. And viewers, thank you for tuning in. And if you liked today's content, come hear us live to our CEO Round Tables at Telecom Exchange again quarterly, next one up, Toronto, October 3rd, with just a few speaker seats and sponsorships remaining. So go ahead and check out more at the telecomexchange.com. And to feature your thought leader here next time on our monthly virtual CEO Round Tables, email us PR at jsa.net. That's it for this Friday. Thanks for tuning in to JSA TV. And until next time, happy networking.


This week, again, we'll see hot weather move into the state, so fire will be one of the predominant factors mid-week. But we shouldn't underestimate it's not just about fire, it's also about heat and it's also about making sure that you've got a good plan. But I think it's time to look at what your neighbours do, your friends, your family, and take time to make sure you offer the right help to them if they need it. We always say it's the right thing to do to step out and give that support to someone else. And in February, that will be really critical. So let's start the month with the right support to our friends, family and neighbours. And I'm sure that they'll welcome it, but think about it and build it into what you're doing to make sure you can support someone. This week it will be hot on Wednesday, Thursday, the two critical days. It's going to be hot Wednesday night all the way through the night. Probably 30 degrees at midnight in most parts of the state, so it's going to be a hot night. What comes with that is the risk of fire and it won't be over one day, it's over two. And we need to be really focused on that. So I think it's a week that people need to be attuned to. We need to make sure we know what we're doing. Most people have returned to normal activities, you know, back to school, back to work. Let's just refocus about what we're doing and make sure that we get it right for ourselves and those around us. The other thing that's really important is we have got fires in the state burning. The Harrietville fire has now burned it for over a week. It's a sleeping giant, is the way we've described it. It sits in the bush in the quiet days and as soon as it gets a bit of wind it moves around. We're doing significant work to make sure that that fire stays a sleeping giant. It doesn't wake up. That's one of the key issues. If it does wake up it will cause a lot of stress on Mount Hoffam and those communities around there. And as the potential to spread in a number of directions are very far. So that's something we're very conscious of this week and anyone in that area in the northeast would be, it's very visible with the amount of smoke. So let's be attuned this week. It's a week of significance. February is always the busiest part for bushfires in Victoria and don't underestimate even though we've had milder weather of what the potential really is.


Welcome once again to the breakfast here on Plus TV Africa. Our first major conversation for today goes to Kogi State, where there is a report of an attack on the Kaba Custodial Center, where about 240 inmates were reportedly set free. You know, armed men who stormed the prison and, of course, killed the security agents who were stationed right there outside to protect the prisoners. We're going to be speaking this morning with Mr. Sherwin Showumi, he is joining us to share his views on this incident. There's also reports that 28 of the prisoners stayed back and, you know, a few others have been re-arrested. We'll say good morning to Mr. Showumi. Thanks for joining us. Good morning, Plus TV. How are you guys doing? We're doing very well this morning. Hi, good morning. All right, so let's get your views on, you know, the incident first of all. It's of course very shocking any time this happens. The last time we heard of anything like this was during the Ansar's protest where it happened in a few states across the country. But once again, we're hearing of a jailbreak. People have also shared analysis on, you know, the fact that the prison itself didn't seem like a very secure place. But what are your thoughts, first of all? Thank you very much. Let me first of all lay some foundation.   In the case of Kogi, for some times now, I have not mostly waited for when people are going to start putting a target on Yahya Bilu's back because, number one, I notice that it's been, you know, its profile has been growing, people have been endorsing it on a lot of things. A lot of attention and interest has been put there. And suddenly, first, we started with one major allegation from EFCC, which it has to struggle to explain its own version of it, because it has a state where it has about 10 neighbors. And of all of the states in Nigeria, especially if under the present circumstances of heads when killing and all of those issues, I have been curious to say, how is this young man keeping that place secure? And then suddenly, I wake up and they tell me, oh, some of the people have gone to Kabab prison, they've broken it and all that. And I can just say one, why do we give govnos a lot of problems in this country needlessly? It's called the Federal Republic of Nigeria for a purpose. And they have this, their schedule of responsibility exclusively, federally, state-based. How will a state govno possibly be able to be everywhere looking at every facility, including federal facilities? So I think the first thing is that we have gotten to a point where we must review the security architecture and give govnos more opportunities and powers to do things to secure their state, you know, legitimately over and above all this vigilante's first point. The second point is, once an incident happened, and incidents are bound to happen, there will be soft targets, there will be criminal elements, there will be all sorts of reasons why things happen. You need to now look at what are the immediate remedial actions that people have taken. And for me, what I see is that immediately they sign into action, immediately they decided to pursue and arrest the people, immediately they've gotten a lot of people back and now they are at the incident location, you know, the ground zero with their people, looking at precisely what will be done. And at the end of the day, I can bet you, I'm not going to be there to look at their government structure and I've never even spoken to you, I've been told in life, but what I suspect is that they're now going to the governor, and now in this case because we're using Kuki, they're going to be under a lot of pressure now to help them secure that kind of facility and such other kind of facility. So therefore I say that when the nation has security challenges, it's time for that nation to look at it holistically and provide the people that are the first line, you know, we are people in charge who have to explain more powers, more responsibility, more authority, more legislative framework to fix the problem. Rather than the hand, if you ask me, I think that my gut feeling when I first saw the thing is that, hey, this police guy, this is going to have started.  Conspiracy theory, I was beginning to think like a conspiracy theorist. So I have to bring myself back from the conspiracy theory and go to Suki. Let us now let you know how to diagnose it and look at it. So I think it's unfortunate, the federal government has to look for how it's going to secure its own facilities. These correctional centers are exclusively under the Ministry of Internal Affairs. They've had deal grades. I think there was one in winter year, like you said during the exercise, all over the place. If it's a prison, it has to be secure. And then we need to also know whether is there a particular prisoner in that particular prison that they would have been trying to, you know, get escape. But it's a lot of issues. Making these things for ourselves. Nigeria is a big country. We have 36 states. We need to give the government's more security powers to be able to do a whole lot more. Even state police and can recruit and pay for it. We shouldn't have a multimodal police system where they can now provide that. Why should the federal government sit in Abuja and try to do everything when in the recents of the world they can really do everything. Mr. Xiaomi, this story has made international headlines. About 240 inmates escaped from their correctional facility in Kogi State. I want us to look at what's likely to happen in the next few hours after this event. What and who is likely to be at risk? What are going to be the consequences of this situation? I think if I if I know, you know, because I've been following them for some time, like I said, and I said, I have a dashboard and that guy is now coming very high up in my dashboard. So if I know them well by the pattern of what I've seen how he's done, he's going to be going ballistic now. I can imagine. He's going to be screaming. He's going to be walking. He's going to be telling people I want result. I want result. I want result. You guys can mess me up on the thing that I've been very good on. So I think that in a few days they're going to pursue. They're likely going to make sure that the entire environment is cold. They're going to work with the security structure of the country. I have a feeling that the people in the Ministry of Internal Affairs themselves are going to go in there. I expect that the police from the Ministry of the Headquarters will also increase their surveillance there. I expect that the Army records and some of the other paramilitary joint joint tax funds will also go in there. I expect that they're going to make the immediate Kogi environment. They're going to lock up a bit and try to profile and see whether there's any strange person all over the place. They will try and I think they've all, they've started getting some result. Within a few days, I think the last time I checked, I'm told that about 100 or something has returned back. I'm aware that a lot of people are also being pursued. I'm aware that they are profiling the characters of people and I pity them because they are bordered by about 10 states. So you can imagine the huge logistics work that require from them to mangle all their temple, all their 10, you know, border states to look at how it's going and if they are lucky, they may be able to get some collaborative effort with all of those state states who will also be helping us. So it Kogi is a nightmare when it comes to managing security and to certainly retire to every sense of responsibility. I think that I'll be interested to see how I manage this and I wish him all the luck so that when he does it well, I can say, you see, I told you guys, there's something that guys do that is different from everybody. Yeah, but I want us to look back at, you know, other incidents. I mean, Edo and in Warri, where the war prison breaks during the Ansar's protests. There's no records that all of those prisoners have been found and brought back to prison. And so, you know, why does that also then say, tell that it might be the same case here, that we might have dozens of these prisoners just completely disappear into thin air and never be found? Well, I think that's not that which I brought up now takes us to another area in terms of the national conversation of how we want to run our country. I have insisted continuously for years now that if you do not have a country like Nigeria, if you don't have a verifiable, biometrically strong identification for people that links them and places them in a verifiable address, we will be in trouble. Why? Because even when things happen, you can't go back and use forensic to precisely know who, where, what, who and all of that. And because you don't know where they lead to a verifiable address, you can't look at there, you can't do a dragnet around there. You know, you know, the families and all that to begin to check and see whether they contact them.  If you are not in prison for death or for life centers, what kind of life do you want to live when you're going to be running and running and running and running and running for the rest of your life? It's always better to know that if you cannot do the time, don't do the crime. If you do the crime, calmly do the time because at the end of the day, prison is not, is not, it's not a death sentence. And if it is not, you know it is not forever. You can always be pardoned, you can always be rehabilitated, you can always finish your time and go back.  And if the federal government that is in charge of the whole security cannot take full responsibility, I think we need to understand we're making governments to become a dangerous species while we have not given them the structure that will give them the power to truly be responsible and accountable. So so far so good, they are all trying their best. The more that happened in being a do, what could the, you know, the individual are there to do? So Mr. Shoomi, I want us to consider this, you know, importance issue that has been persistent regarding all the prison breaks that were set in Kogi State. I mentioned earlier that in 2019, when we had a similar event, a prison break, it was under the guise of the flooding. You know, the heavy rains, the downpour, you know, that these prisoners escaped. The same thing Sunday night, Monday morning, there was heavy rains and that's how they were able to escape. How do we bring in the angle of flood management, you know, into this conversation? Well, I think, thank you very much. Before we even go to the flood management, there's one important thing I thought that is good for us to know or share. Do you know that by the structure we run in the country, prison itself is exclusively the responsibility of the federal government? Let me break it down. It means that since Kogi is the example, if somebody commits a crime under Kogi law and they take him to court under Kogi law and they commit him to a custodial prison under Kogi law, do you know that by our constitution, from that minute it becomes a federal property? It's so annoyingly crazy. You need to let the states also have correctional facilities. That's why you see that all over the country, we have mostly very archaic facilities. We have facilities that are not secure enough to even keep animals, let alone keep smart people and criminals. You have security, you have students where we're not even managing them efficiently. We are truly due for a major overhaul. As for the flogging, anybody that wants to commit a crime will look for the best time or the best set of scenarios that can aid them to commit the crime. Yes, we have some parts of our country that have floodplains. You are going to need a whole lot of engineering work to be able to manage that. And hello, where in the world will we say we have seen places that are underflooding or what are issues that don't get flooded? Just a couple of days ago, Americans had to paddle their cannons to get home.  There are some natural occurrences that make situations difficult. But in our own case in Nigeria, we have just insisted that we're not going to give ourselves a fit for purpose federation, which allows us to solve problems where they occur. You cannot insist that people can commit crime in Kano. And then you say that in the Kano system that can go to a high court, that can go to a penal court, cannot now have a custodial process to keep them. It doesn't make sense. All right. And also, I spoke earlier about the danger that these, well, prisoners opposed to the society in Kogi State until they are found. That's also very important. And I think it's also important that the people of Kogi State be at alert to point out that and to call the police. Imagine if it was in England or maybe America, any of those countries. Imagine if there was a prison break and imagine if there were story people going out. Let me tell you one of the things that would probably happen immediately. First of all, you are going to have situations where immediately they're going to be going after them via profiling. Do you get what I mean? They're going to be putting out their pictures. They're going to be asking people who see them to recognize them. They're going to be checking up their necks of kids and all of that. They're going to be tapping the telephones of people that they probably will be calling. There will be a complete sting operation to make life difficult for them and they're going to smoke them out. And if they dare escape, they're going to make their fugitives online. If you don't have this baseline infrastructure, you are not going to be able to do much. And if you don't give governance, some more legislative responsibility to provide a kind of security that is multi-modal. You're going to have a situation where you're just going to be blaming them in a situation where they haven't even the ones that have the responsibility. The federal correctional system in all states in the country, including Kogi, is the exclusive responsibility of the federal government. Okay, Mr. Xiaomi, you have outlined what should be done in an ideal society with all the security infrastructure in place. Well, let's look at our Nigerian reality right now. Raul Farid Bishalaminis of Interior has said they've set up a special tax force to smoke these people out and have also brought it into poll into the picture. What do you expect realistically for these people to do to ensure that these prisoners are apprehended? You know, I tell you that sometimes, sometimes when we're doing analysis, me inclusive, we tend to have, you know, a view of today and we forget about all of the issues of yesterday and yesteryear. I'm saying this because I know Rafiu a little bit and I have an idea of his psychology. He's also going to be trying to look for the best way to get this challenge. But if the rut has existed for 60 years, you are not going to overnight solve all of the problems. So the things he's throwing in, interpolate, will smoke them, join tax force. That's the best you can throw at it. And now that he has thrown it at it, I believe they have their pictures. And just like your colleagues said, I believe they have their names because they must have a record of who they came and who was sent to prison. I believe that they will have their fingerprints. I believe that they will have one or two things that they can use. And we can only hope that this system and the borders, the system within country, the citizens contribution to intelligence. We can only hope that all of it comes together to get us out of this. You know why? We're talking about criminals here. And with criminals who don't even want to do their time, who are interested in jailbreak, they will likely be repeat offenders. And that means that the larger society must not be on guard, watch out for straight faces, watch out for people that are lawyering, people who are renting houses, watch out for the profile of people who are trying to rent houses, people who are running hotels, watch out for people who are coming in to say they want to have a room for one or two days. You have to look at the back end places of the chances. It's a lot of work. But my approach is that when we have a situation, we should deal with that situation. We should learn the right lessons from that situation. And as much of the reform that we need to put in place so that that kind of situation doesn't really easily occur, we should do it. And one of the things that I am saying is that it's time for the system to allow states to have their own correctional facilities. If states have their correctional facilities, imagine if that prison belongs to Kogi State. Then everybody will say, hey dude, how did you leave the prison unsecured? How did you leave it so mismanaged? Because we could hold him responsible. But it belongs to the presidency. And therefore, why you got the whole responsible for imprisoning Karnam and Boda is too far away from where the Supervisory Authority is.


Meanwhile, the Kaduna State's governor, Ubar Sani, has reiterated that his administration has zero tolerance for marginalization and discrimination. He promised to run inclusive government for the good people of the state. Sani gave the assurance at a reflection meeting, strategies for achieving sustainable peace and social harmony, organized by Kaduna State Peace Commission. He assured that equity and justice will reign supreme. Also, the executive vice chairman, Kaduna State Peace Commission Dr. Saleh Momele said many of the conflict-prone areas and no longer witnessing violence, it urged states and federal governments to use modern technology and human development to address the challenges. Who are the guests to the various degrees of violence? The difficulties of social, we amplify the call on the federal inspectorate to divorce sufficient financial resources, technology and human capital to bring these activities to effect. No peace building. And then a president in the equities amongst people is one of the key elements of peace building. And equity is of conflict resolution. We should champion the cause of bringing people together to address challenges. As a guest, taking arms is important. And I think it is advisable that leaders should always try to address issues before them. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


The speaker is Fernando Perez. He's at the University of California Berkeley and he's going to talk about Jupiter technology. So, Fernando if you can share. Well, thank you Albert for the invitation and thanks to the organizers Greg and the right and Lynn and the rest of the team for for inviting me. I'd like to talk a little bit about project Jupiter, the computational tools that we build and the project from a sort of from an earth science perspective. I'll start with a little bit of a connection to see you to see your Boulder. I actually, I actually am a graduate of CU I did my PhD in physics at CU and I did my postdoc there. So I have I have a lot of connections to Boulder and I'm delighted to be here. And actually my co director in the project Brian Granger was also a graduate of CU physics. So there's there's a lot of of us were connected to to the university. And, but I also did spend a lot of time procrastinating and during my PhD part of it in the mountains like everyone else in Boulder, and part of it writing writing code and in fact some of these things that will be talking about started at CU Boulder the screenshot on the left is the very very first part of the, of the beginning of a Python when I first put it out and you can actually still make out my, my Colorado dot edu email address from the physics server. There this was a little 259 lines of code script that I put out in 2001 to basically allow me to use tools interactively I wanted to be able to explore interactively my code my data. And this is as part of my PhD in a way similar to say math, math, math, our math lab, but, but with open source tools, and I want to emphasize that from the very beginning. These tools were collaborative effort when I put this code out what I did was I later quickly found that two other scientists had built similar things. An oceanographer in Germany and a computer science graduate student at Caltech, and they allowed me to merge what I was doing with their codes to put basically the first real working version of I Python that wasn't a toy. To the community as a the union of three open source, three open source tools. And that's how it started telling my advisor that I was going to take an afternoon to hack a little bit and that I would be back the next day to finish my dissertation. Later we see announcements from teams as large as Microsoft will say that they're building the planetary computer for studying environmental sustainability. And it's all a bunch of basically Jupiter hot technology so it's definitely been an interesting path and some of that is what I want to discuss here, perhaps one perspective. It's a little bit tongue in cheek but but not completely is to think of Jupiter as sort of the operating system for interactive data science for when humans are in the loop and they're trying to think about their data and their problems. I love this way in which the documentation team at the Turing Institute kind of presented Jupiter to the community. It's, it's a project that contains a human community and that's critically important that produces tools tools that we're going to see a little bit more of in a minute. And, and I think it's important to frame these problems in this way because a lot of the issues we have with scientific software and some of them will probably be discussed today, really have to do with with issues that go beyond the software open source software is a lot more than code on GitHub. And in Jupiter we've kind of taken the time to understand that structure. And I think it's useful to reason about these as separate layers that there's their services and content that is important many people come to our tools, because of what they enable them to do not because they're interested in the tools themselves, some of us do enjoy building the tools but not everyone does. In Jupiter, for example, the software supports supports sharing of notebooks online sharing of entire computational environments deploying Jupiter as a service for others in your community, all of these things are not exactly the self but rather than the, but rather the domain specific content to data analysis education, research, etc, that they care for and, and it takes it takes effort to develop kind of that that layer of infrastructure to have impact in the community. And in Jupiter, we've also gone in the opposite direction not just in providing services but rather the opposite which is abstracting away the ideas that are in our code into kind of openly formalized and documented standards and protocols and so the way in which the internals of Jupiter work were documented as a protocol, and then implemented in languages like Julia and are and by making them open standards over 100 different communities have developed implementations of the Jupiter machinery in their own programming languages so that they can reuse the ecosystem they can grow in the same ecosystem, but with their choice of programming language. And finally, the bottom layer of these ideas is not is neither software implementations nor even abstract standards. It's actually the people who make all of this happen. And it turns out that we as scientists aren't exactly trained in large team management fundraising, I mean, we know how to write regular grants, but not large scale fundraising across industry connection how to maintain for example, the balance of power between corporations as large as Google or Amazon, and single individuals were contributing as personal volunteers and so it takes a lot of effort to construct the infrastructures for governing and managing these, these types of efforts in a healthy way and this is, there was no course on large scale distributed community management in my particle physics PhD at CU for one thing. But it's important to really recognize the value of that community and that that by the way is where all the credit goes so anything that I show today is really not my work but it's the work of these and many, many more people who contribute contribute to the project. But when we think of these layers that maybe it may be helpful to sort of realize that the services and content that are built on top of your tools that's where the impact goes. But by generalizing the software into more abstract ideas what you allow is for the growth of an ecosystem, an interoperable ecosystem of third parties. Yes, that does take perhaps away a little bit some of your sort of central power and that is something that unfortunately the incentives of science tend to force projects into trying to be overly kind of self branding. But I think that by encouraging the growth of an interoperable ecosystem open ecosystem in the long run we're all better and hopefully we can change that culture a little bit.  And so from this perspective, Jupiter is offers a set of tools that sort of tackle we now do focus on the tools a little bit because obviously they matter. And that help you tackle what I hope is sort of a rough cartoon of the life cycle of a research idea we explore data we explore an idea we explore an algorithm. So typically we start on our own, eventually, we end up doing teamwork it's rare these days that single author papers are mostly a thing of the past at least in many in the kinds of fields that I think are relevant to this audience. Eventually if you really if that little idea you had is going to work you probably at some point need to do large scale runs on HPC and the cloud on supercomputers on large cloud based analysis, and you will publish communicate and teach with your results right this is kind of the the rinse and repeat cycle of science in a very idealized way and hopefully in Jupiter we were offering this operating system offers kind of little bits and pieces at all of these points that you can use to build. So I imagine at this point most of you have seen the Jupiter notebook it's a web based tool that allows you to combine code and the results of that code with narrative in using Markdown and mathematics into documents that actually can be shared and reproduced. But that interactivity that for example allows you to write with just one line of code get a little widget with controls here to to animate the parameters of a model for example. Is is exactly the same infrastructure that can be used to build richer graphical user interfaces but oriented towards research use cases. And so this is an example of a project actually led by folks at CU and others that was presented at the earth to meeting last year, we're using these exact same same interactive widget tools that built an interface called Balto user interface that can be used immediately by the scientists in their own workflow it's not a separate standalone application it's a modular library call that produces the right UI for you to continue your analysis. And at the other end of the spectrum is the usage of these tools not for one one direct local analysis but actually for very large scale cloud based analysis of one of the biggest data sets we have these days which is the same of six data set. And this is an example taken from Pangea, which is a product that I'll mention a little bit later also presented last year at the earth to meeting where there are notebooks that any of you can run if you if you go to that to that URL you'll find. You'll find links to execute these in cloud infrastructure to access the same of six data and analyze it interactively. And part of the beauty of it is that we have put generic protocols to represent interactive interactively data in the in the richest possible and kind of most informative way. And so, for example, when you call up a data set what you get is not some static printout you actually get a rich clickable double clickable. It's a HTML view that has a ton of informative data about the structure of the data set. So these are examples, some examples of the kinds of extensions that have been built on top of our basic machinery and today, the user interface that the project is most developing is called Jupiter lab takes these lessons of these interactive workflows and tries to give scientists a highly extensible kind of platform for building building custom tools that are not just notebook based but that actually incorporate other things. Data, for example, becomes sort of a first class citizen. It's not only about having notebooks but having potentially multiple views of data right there in the same interface so as you look around your data you may find an image and you can open an image. Data tables are viewable directly as data tables, but this is an example of something that that we've kind of thought through which is how to access a data set in more than one way. For example, if you open a specific Jason file that happens to be encode geospatial information is Geo Jason you can sure you can view it as text Jason is text. But if you have the right Geo Jason viewer that same file can be viewed in this manner below and instead of being seen as text it's represented using a JavaScript mapping library using leaflet so that you can actually view that data in what probably is a more informative representation of that data. And, and these tools can be used to extend to extend your lab for many new use cases this is, this is an example of sort of high end 3d visualization, being done right there in the browser developed by the team at one stack which is a startup in France, and this is another example from the same company of building sort of a workbench for robotics for interactive control and modeling of robots using our OS which is the robotics operating system. And these things have been put directly into into Jupiter lab. The following is a short video that I'm going to show you per second of a tool called the fly brain lab. So this was developed in Oriolas or Oriolas ours lab at at Columbia in New York. And what you're going to see here if the video gains playing there we go is Jupiter lab but you see at the bottom of 3d view of fruit fly brain and the neuronal circuits that are indicated there are actually simulated on the right as an electrical circuit. And when you clear they use your clicks on that those those models can actually run on a dedicated specialized cluster. And then on the right now, a little genomics and kind of relevant biological information data browser has appeared that is connected that is connected to to the same models and the same data sets. So all of those are very domain specific tools that obviously the Jupiter team has no business developing a 3d viewer for for brain data from fruit flies, but by making this infrastructure available, those domain scientists can add their own tools and they still have the rest of Jupiter right on the top left it's still a normal on the top center and sorry, it's still a normal notebook that they can use for the rest of the workflow as usual so I'm going to provide precisely that kind of platform for exploration for collaboration. So this is something that is sort of fresh up the oven. And this is in the next version of the lab a quick demo of real time collaborative editing and collaborative work with with live notebooks and computation and so in here, I have those two views are actually two separate browsers that are accessing and they happen to be on the same machine but but they could be you could be accessing through the browser or remote machine say at NCAR and you can see that the outputs are synchronized code executes and the views appear in both as Markdown as Markdown is typed text and math also is also synchronized. And you can see in here once I probably should have type a little bit faster yesterday when I recorded this, but you can see how both edits can be made in both places so down below now we're editing in the second view and we're modifying the math and quickly the real time preview and the first one updates. If I change the parameters of the plot here I re execute and then the other view shows the updated plot so it's a fully synchronized view of a real time collaborative environment for science. It's coming you can play with it right now if you, if you go to that URL, you can play with it and continuing on kind of this, this line of ideas. Okay, well after collaboration you want to run in production.  This one hits very close to home, part of my appointments and affiliations are with LBNL. And a few days ago, Roland Thomas was one of the scientists at NERSC, post of this first notebook on the system. And if you look here he's printing the host name of the machine this is pearl matter. This is the next generation the new machine that is being commissioned at NERSC. That's going to replace Corey that's coming online. I think I got a calendar invite for the, the dedication of the machine a couple days ago. And so from the get go the one of the biggest supercomputers in the nation will be outfitted with the jupiter machinery so that you can have all of this fluidity of interactive usage and with with the tools we've been discussing, but sitting on really high end production for large scale simulation. And finally, well, if your ideas go anywhere of that project where you, you had a good idea and you collaborated and you ran in production gets somewhere you're going to want to publish your your work and probably teach it to your students and these tools also support that so there's a there's a tool in our stack called jupiter book that makes it very, very easy to grab a collection of notebooks and turn them into into a book. These are a couple of examples of some of the text books for our data science courses at UC Berkeley. And so when a student clicks on one of these books, it looks like a rendered web page with with text and math and figures, but they can click on that button that says open on the data hub. And when they click on that button they land immediately without any installation of anything they land on a hosted jupiter hub like the n car ones and nurse ones we we were showing earlier but in this case in the cloud, not an HPC and oriented towards students. And having that kind of infrastructure allows us to teach very large scale courses at Berkeley in data science in a way that if we were doing local tech support would be unthinkable. So we had pictures from a couple of years ago obviously when we were launching these courses a few years after we launched these courses but when we could still do them in person. They are they I finished teaching this last fall, and we had about 1200 students for data 100 that would that were obviously virtual, but with these courses, what we're doing is we're reaching kind of about half of the campus give or take. And really are these courses are growing very rapidly and we're reaching a lot of people on campus. And it's pretty remarkable that that that we can do that. And, and these tools are being used in the in the earth sciences community extensively here two examples of textbooks on earth environmental data science from Ryan Abernathy and Brian Rose at UAlbany. But again connection local connections to see you the earthly have asked her when I imagine many of you know at the earth lab leads the development of open educational materials for earth sciences. In Python that use use all of this machinery and our colleagues at NCAR have actually just teamed up with with Brian rose precisely this person to build a new project for project Pithya that will develop educational materials for earth sciences as well. With with with this stack. And the example is on the right is from a colleague at UC Berkeley, who's a paleomagnetism expert in kind of finally if, if all of this works we have we have a beautiful, we have a beautiful kind of combination of tools and ideas that that hopefully you can make use of that hopefully serve your research needs. But one last point that I think is becoming very apparent is the importance of the infrastructure that this runs in. Pangeo is a project that I'm sure many of you know this is a quick interactive example of what Pangeo enables a scientist is zooming into an image. When something happens it gets fuzzy there are some color bars for a second, and then after a few seconds the image sharpens in an own book what's the big deal. Well the big deal is that this is about 100 gigs of landscape imagery in the state of Washington and the little bars at the bottom our whole distributed cluster doing the analysis for making that zoom, you have to run a lot of code at scale. This is a project that takes Jupiter Dask and X array and assembles them into a stack that let scientists concentrate immediately on their science rather than becoming cloud engineers at Amazon or Google or Microsoft. In Europe and the European Commission at the the the JRC the joint research center I think it's called in Italy they've developed a Jupiter also a Jupiter lab based large scale platform for interactive analysis of geospatial data that is absolutely fascinating G A O D P P something like that but it's a really interesting development precisely along these lines. We have a project funded by earth cube that kind of tries to connect precisely scientific use cases in in geosciences we're on the page Jupiter and Pangeo stack with the development of new ideas. And Anderson but in a way and Kevin Paul or both from NCAR and so is Joe Hammond though he's on leave now. So this is a collaboration with folks with folks from NCAR and we invite you to connect with us if you're interested. And finally I want to mention a new effort that we launched last year together with Ryan Abernathy actually from Pangeo, as well as folks from from UBC, which is called to I to see and it's a nonprofit organization that aims to precisely offer this kind of tools but as managed infrastructure in a way that universities are not well suited for, but also that is not strictly a business we don't want to leave. Although I mean industry is great and we collaborate closely with many in industry, but we don't want this to be strictly a matter for in dust for industry and startups. So if you're interested, take a look at to it to see.org and let us know if any of this can be of help to you. And I will try to stop here because I know that you have a tight schedule today. Thank you so much for your attention. Thank you. Thank you, Fernando. Wow. And I thought I knew you put a notebooks and and what they were capable of you showed quite a bit of new, new technology there. We have time for one quick question and I see one in the chat from Fedor bar. Okay, so I'm going to read it for you, Fernando, if that's okay so Google has a less developed fork co lab. How is the relation between Jupiter. How is the relation with Jupiter projects so co lab is a fork. We met with the team before it was even called co lab I think we met with that team co lab is a fork of an early version of I Python when back back when the name Jupiter didn't even exist it was the lifetime notebook. This was early in the days, and it implements many of the same ideas but by this point, the problem is that co lab has moved so far into the Google infrastructure and architecture that it really is impossible to share anything so I think it's great that there is an implementation of these ideas from from Google and it is based originally on our code, but at this point. I think the best I think of the Google cloud infrastructure the Microsoft Azure infrastructure and the Amazon infrastructure. I think of each of those as an operating system I think of it as a computer it's like a proprietary computer. At this point they sort of ported I Python into the Google API is it runs into their authentication system data storage etc. And so it isn't particularly easy to get anything sort of back out of it so it enhances the visibility of these ideas in the community, but it isn't something that we can directly benefit from.


The chi-cloids work about 34% better than just the frequencies. So the frequencies, what we found that frequencies help with like mental issues, whereas the coils help more with like the energy in the body. The physical, yeah. The physical aspect, but you know they're all connected, right? I mean. Yeah, right. You can connect mind bodies, you can't disconnect mind body and spirit as they're trying out there, but we're here to back to help you reconnect. Because when we connect back to source, we come from love. I mean, I just, when we're not connected to source, it's all about fear because you feel like the untethered soul that's out there just flying around and no idea what you're connected to and what's the reason behind all of it. And when you're connected to your source, when you're connected to self, you feel nothing but connection to everybody and to everything and you feel it in your physical body. So to back up the frequencies that are available on your website, which there's, I think you said nine, eight or nine that are free, then you can buy a whole bunch more. And if you want to buy them just independent, you don't need a key coil, a cheek coil, you can just listen to the sound frequency.