Alright, we'll get started. Hi everyone. Good morning. Good afternoon and good evening. We're going where you're joining us from. And welcome to 4th May 2023 TOC meeting. And before we get started, a reminder, we all have already known antitrust policy with the Linux Foundation meetings and says that we all come from different parts of the world, different companies and any information that we share gets shared in a public forums and we all respect each other and we follow code of conduct. We respect each other. So with that, we'll jump on to our announcements section. So quick reminder, the Hyperledger Dev emails, the DevLator emails, the weekly emails that are sent late Thursday or like early Friday to different, the large community base. This carries information of what's the latest happenings across Hyperledger projects. So if you have an important announcement from your project that you would like to discuss or that you would like to share across to a large community base, it could be worthwhile and these could carry information such as any plan that you have as part of your projects, the latest announcements from the releases, or if you want to bring attention to developers on something within your project, this is important. All you have to do is go there, click the link and write down your comments that will be added into the email. And last week, last week's TOC call, we did go through the security policy document that Hart had put up and quick reminder to all to read through this and add any comment that you may have so that we can start formalizing the proposal. And before we continue, does anybody have any other announcements? Assume the silence means no. So we will get started with this agenda and go through the quarterly reports and quick for the record keeping purpose just that I'm doing the, I'm running through the meeting agendas because Tracy is unable to join today. And this is my first time, so feel free to stop me or ask me any questions if I'm skipping through some parts and let's get started with today's agenda. And in today's agenda, first thing we do, let's quickly walk through the quarterly reports that were due for submission. These three reports came in this week. Some of them were submitted like three days ago and some of them a couple of days ago. I saw a few people have reviewed them already. I would first ask if there are any open questions that anybody wants to bring up in today's discussion that we should be concerned with or ask the project team. So with Hyperledge Indy, I see some questions related to the, oh, sorry, Dale, I didn't see your hand, is there? Yeah, I was just going to ask the question that you're probably looking at. I just added it a few minutes ago. It was about Ubuntu. So this is a thing that comes up across different projects. So I thought it might be good to spend a couple of minutes understanding the plans around Ubuntu and I can share what we're doing and fabric as well, if that helps. So if you have Stephen on the call. Yeah, that would be helpful. I'd love to hear. Basically, we have one, just one branch and or at least that's what we're trying to get to and one version of Ubuntu is what we're supporting. We could in theory support. Yeah, we don't want to have multiple branches. So the comment that was made about supporting 2204 is actually a really good one, because given the pipeline we have now we should be able to support it. Assuming there are not significant actual dependency updates. It would be relatively easy to test out and see whether we support it or not. So that's probably the way to go, but we just have a single branch and it has been stuck on 1604 because of the combined challenges of the dependencies that had to be addressed between 1604 and 2004 and the difficulty of the pipeline, the old pipeline we had. And so much of the work was spent on replacing the pipeline. The second sentence I have there at least what we found is if we build on 2004 it works on both 2004 and 2204. But if we build on 2204 then it doesn't work on 2004. Interesting. Okay. So we don't have to do anything special to support both but as long as we build on 2004 it seems to work on both 2004 and 2204 so I don't know if that's always true but that's what we found. That's super helpful because if that can be true, we can upgrade the nodes. The challenge we've got is the practical one of getting a whole bunch of organizations to upgrade their nodes, their OS of their node so if we can go to 2204 directly, that will reduce debt down the line. Thanks for that. That's really helpful. Thanks, Stephen. And one more comment on the indie project was about the help needed and identifying I think the answer to that Stephen can correct me is that you have a way to identify an active maintainers and then you want to realign some of those lists to the right set of repositories. Yeah. Yeah, the bigger challenge. It's just the, you know, and looking at that and doing the work I did yesterday of evaluating all the teams we have figure out, you know, what maintainers so basically what I did was extracted all of the members from all of the teams. Unicified them and then identify the organizations as best I could from them. And the challenge that I see in that the work is just we have too many teams too many organization and too many, too many repositories first of all but then then correspondingly too many teams and so we have to shrink that down so that the same team that manages a set of repositories shouldn't we don't need to have a separate ones per so and then there's also a bunch of cleanup there's clearly some repositories and or just teams that no longer need to exist. And so the plan I my plan was to sort of propose something and see what Rai thinks of it. I have a lot of good ideas of how to help out in cleaning that up, but I can come up with the, what changes we have to do work or at least the project can come up with what changes are suitable. Thanks. Are any comments or it's too early. Too early right now. Let's talk offline, or let's talk on discord. Yeah, areas is the same thing. So, yeah. And I don't see any major comments on areas are a non creds. I did her, I think David's commented reorganize the non creds report it was just cut and paste and move things around but yeah, it completely accurate that I had the quarterly detail in the long section so I've moved that. So again, a quick reminder. Please review the quarterly reports, and you could also leverage the details that are posted within the quarterly reports that should take you to the elect LFX portal, giving more details insights into how the project is performing. I saw some of the pretty detailed reports from all the projects this time. Thanks Stephen for for doing that. And those are pretty elaborate and and feels great to read those reports. Okay, any other anybody would like to bring up anything else on the quarterly reports and take silence us now. So moving on to the next section of today's agenda which is to go through past your reports. So, we have two projects which are passed their due dates and reporting. The first one is transact and the second one is sort of. So with respect to transact, there have been multiple discussions and reminders which were signed. There's also discord links which are pasted, which talks about waiting for any save from the maintainers and then eventually the final outcome of that is that project maintainers have agreed to move the project to dominant state. And that's in today's decision log will cover that as part of today's agenda. Any questions before we move to the sort of date, if not, then related to sort of it was due on 27th April. I was going through the discord chart and found out that there was a meeting on 26 April. And the discussion on that meeting was that sort of team is trying to relook into increasing contributor base as part of that effort. They have shared the responsibility of writing the quarterly report to new contributors. They will be submitting the Q2 report. And he's doing it for the first time and he reached out saying that he needs some more time. And given that this project is making effort and increasing the contributor base. I mean personally I feel it is okay to give them some more time, but any thoughts or comments from the TOC members. Yes, Peter. I agree. I think just the fact that at least they responded and they said they need more time for instead. We should give them more time. Thanks Peter. And on the discord link you will also see that James has put up a draft Google Doc and he did that just to make sure that he wanted internal project team to confirm the contents as he's doing it for the first time. So we may expect reports soon from them. And if not, we can always mind them again. Okay. Moving on to the next section, which is I think the next section is the next set of projects that are due for project quarterly reports. That is Iroha, which is due exactly a week from now. And we'll bring it up next week. No concerns there. And the discussion items for the for today. The first item is moving the transact project to dominant state. So they have been multiple discussions going through within the transact where the transact lab itself is more to sort of a project. However, the project code base was still there on the GitHub. And it was causing confusion for the first time users or for somebody who is new to hyper ledger to think that project is actually being maintained. However, there were no reports submitted. It was causing a lot of confusion. And the project team have responded. They have explained their plans of how to move forward with the transact project. And the latest outcome of those discussions is that moving project to the dominant state. Before we take the decision to move project to dominant state. Does anybody have any comments or thoughts that they would like to share on the project. Anybody from the hyper ledgers to have any comments. The one comment is about process. I think hyper ledger should make sure that from now on we don't ever move a project from active to end of life without going through dormant. I'm picking up the pieces of Ursa and the move we made last week. You know, Ryan made a good comment that Ursa should have been dormant a long time ago and that's fine, but we should never go directly to end of life without going to dormant so that we can allow anyone that needs to some time to address any issues. So I would suggest I don't know if that can be done but you know whether that needs to be done but certainly from a, at least from a corporate memory. perspective don't don't do that again. And if it can even be put into the project lifecycle. That it can't go. You know, from graduated to end of life directly remove that blue line would be a really good idea. Ursa was incubation not graduated point taken. Then remove that the red line purple line. I don't know it just I was no end of grief and if I'd known it was an option and my fault for not knowing the process. I would have at least suggested we move it to dormant before we do it to end of life. I will keep that in mind. I propose that you, this is a gv file. This is just text. Yeah, I propose I propose that you make your proposed changes here. Yeah, yeah, submit that for a vote. Okay, that's great. Thanks, right. Thanks right from me. Open the project lifecycle. Yes, so there was there were cases where it's wrong. Sorry, just about dormant do we call a project dormant or do we declare project dormant if it actually has been dormant that is there been no comments to it for a while. And is there a particular time period. Yes. So, as part of the previous discussions that we had to see can decide to move a project to dormant state based on the quarterly remotes that we receive. And, and to see can make a call. Okay, so right now we don't have a particular time period like if the that we know that we know commit for the past three months then we declare a document something like that. Remember discussions around the timelines. I don't think so we have formally put up in our proposal. Yeah, there's no official timeline in this governance document. It just says slowed down for a period of time. I think it should be easier and less pejorative for projects to move into dormant and into life. But I don't know that having a strict timeline here would would actually help that. Stephen. Yes, Steve. And the line that TOC decides to move the project to or from the dormant state upon request is interesting. For me, I, as a TOC member I probably would have been much more willing at someone raise the issue of Ursa to move it into the dormant state unilaterally versus waiting for the maintainers to do it. And have the maintainers say no, don't. So again, the upon request is interesting is that request from the maintainers or request from Joe citizen on the street. Leaving that open is actually useful so that somebody like right or or somebody else could have said hey I suggest we move Ursa to dormant and sorry to bring Ursa when we're really talking about transact but super useful. So anyway, thanks for highlighting that and how you get into the dormant state I think that's a good idea and I think that the TOC should take more advantage of it. I think it makes sense that we have a dormant state in between so that we are notifying to the people that even though you see these repositories and the hyperledger, it's highly likely that there has been no updates, and it has been taken into notice. And the community would like to move this into dormant state while we wait for more activity to happen. And going back to Rama's question. One of the point that I remember, like maybe we can go through the previous meeting recordings as well is related to a few projects being in a stable case or stable condition, which may not have more updates compared to other projects, or which may not see more activities compared to its previous orders. That was one of the reasons why the timeline part was intentionally not added. Now I think what you said earlier about quarterly update being like lack of a quarterly update being the sign of dormancy I think that makes sense. Even if a project as you say does not need any new code or any any new changes, as long as the maintainers are willing to put in updates that indicates that the project should still be active. Okay. Thank you. And I'm assuming Stephen you'll make a proposal related to moving to dormancy, which will be up for discussion. On my list to do. Okay. Any thoughts on others before we proceed next. Okay, I take the silence has no. I don't know if it is relevant, but it's very related topic to the same topic that we were discussed. We were discussing about the transact. And was it Stephen you raising the question on this call I remember asking questions where you asked that transact was moved to firefly. Was it. You suggested that something could have been done on the earth. Yeah, that was the topic we just talked about which is the, a bunch of things had to be moved out of Ursa and are urgently being moved out of Ursa, as we speak. And it sounded like transact was in a similar state, but I was more worried about the fallout from the Ursa decision last week versus the transact situation. Well, it's it's not like the code was deleted. And I will point out that, you know, transact did move to sawtooth live. And so that has already happened, like a year ago. And at your request I did move one of the Ursa Python to another area. Yeah, I'm not complaining about what was done right I'm just saying, had I realized the dormant was a possibility I would have taken it and that, and it was the, the, my lack of knowledge of, of a good way to handle something that is very active but not maintained in the place it is actively used. Anyway, I'm certainly not complaining about the follow on from what was done I'm just dissident, you know, sad that we didn't take advantage of the governance tools that we had in hand, and jumped ahead a step. And that opened left a lot of explaining to be done, which I've done over the last week, various people about why Ursa is in the state it is and what we're doing about it and so on it but I would have liked to have been able to do that explaining after the stuff had been moved. Not before. And that's that's the, the challenge that I'm lamenting. Nothing more than lamenting. Point taken Stephen. So we should start doing better job at doing quarterly reports and making sure we bring these concerns up ahead in time, so that project teams have considerable amount of time for for taking in action. So I'm hope it's all good now and will move on to the agenda item which is the decision item. So it's up for decision making if there are no other thoughts or comments. And if somebody would like to propose it or bring the matter before the TOC. We need a TOC member to bring moving transacted dormant up for a vote. Motion. We need someone to second that motion. Second. I will do a roll call vote in the matter before the TOC moving transacted dormant. How do you vote. Hi. Peter. Hi, Marcus. Hi, Jim. I vote yes. David. Hi, Bobby. Hi, Arun. Hi. The highest habit transact has been moved to dormant. Thank you. I'm sorry. When I get a vote. Oh, I seconded. Sorry, Stephen. Hi. Okay. It is again approved. Sorry. So I knew I hadn't. Yeah, I was using the zoom list. And you were unmuted. So you're up in the. Up the top of the list. So I missed you. I apologize. Thank you all. The decision has been made. Thanks for the roll call out. We'll move on to the next agenda item before we move on to the next agenda item. I just wanted to bring up a thing that that was discussed in in other meetings. So there was in general appreciation to the TOC work and the way the task force have been handled in the last quarter or so. The way, for instance, the security task force, the onboarding task force that have been happening and the way the team has been participating the way discussions have been going on. So there is general appreciation on on these things. So it's it's time for us to rejoice a bit and and see learn from what happened that made it go well, compared to the previous ways of working. So one of the thing that definitely was improved was a detailed scope task force discussions that we had, as opposed to having a pretty open. Ended conversations that we used to have previously. That's something that we can be all happy about. And the going moving on to the next quarter. I would like us to like focus on the next set of priorities that different project teams have. This is an excellent forum where you all can bring in different project perspectives and what's important from the projects standpoint, so that we can prioritize on those task courses. I know there is a task force which is about optimizing the pipelines and defining if if there if there's anything that we can improve through the task force that can be set as a guideline to all the projects. And I know this also plays important role, given that we had discussions about get a back shuns being limited to amount of time we can execute pipeline jobs over a month, or maybe in terms of storage as well that the artifacts that are produced. Right.  And I know there was another discussion that was related to projects health status that Jim had proposed, and there was, there were really interesting conversations that went through. In fact, if you're new to to see and if you're new to just reading project reports, and would like to understand what's important for you to look for in those reports. I would infer and consider the issue discussion that has happened where Jim has proposed about project cell status that discussion itself is pretty overwhelming and easy to understand like what what are those parameters that we should look for in a project in order to understand that the importance of project or to know health of a project right. I mean of course we can bring those topics up for discussion and try to prioritize on which one to pick them up, which of them to be picked up. But from different projects perspective. I would like you to think through and bring those topics up for discussion into your submitting. I know it's short notice but if anybody have any suggestions on the burning matters that important things that we should start looking into. Would anybody like to bring those topics up. From my side right now the most important one is the CI performance. I know that for most projects that's been sort of fixed because we got upgraded to paid plan but for cactus or cacti sorry our need for CI is as in for CI time is much bigger so actually we just ended up going back to the free plan because it was costing a truck load of money every time to run the CI. So I don't know if this is universal to all the projects that probably isn't. It's probably something specific to cacti but regardless of that. That's one of my priorities still might not be to anybody else would like to bring up any other priority items. Well if no one else than I have spent another one which is automation in general. A lot of different things within that umbrella. That we've been already working on and there is there are great things out there already like the reports on the LFX portal. Great. But but I know a few things that. Right has been manually that are T stores in my opinion that so everyone down if if you have to do that manually. So I would also focus on just having more automation across the board in different areas where right now there's many others involved. Is this to identify some anomalies. Well first to identify what is reasonably easy to automate that we don't yet automate. That list might have zero things on it because it is possible that will be able to pick the low hanging fruit. But then just move up to the medium difficulty one and see which one what would be the easiest there. And then the bigger chunk of it is probably related to analytics about the projects. Like how do we measure measure project health in a sort of using formal methods. That are. Not subjective. They know when we judge the health of the project. How do we decide oh this project is healthy or not. Of course in the end it always has to be subjective but the more information you have for it the better. And I know that we had task forces for it for this in the past. I'm just sort of giving it a bump again. And then there's other things like. Meeting recordings which I know. Rye has been uploading manually. And I think that's also a trainer is time. And. There was something else but I cannot remember right now but I know that there are things like this. When it comes to meeting recordings. My plan is to. There is a tool that automatically moves stuff to YouTube. And I plan on getting that. Up and running the difficulty is. A lot of the stuff that happens shouldn't end up on YouTube. It's. I see here. So I don't know if this is actually going to do what I want. So for instance. All these meetings for zoom three. When this implementers working group call happens. And it's recorded to the cloud it should go but they are. Canceling the recording. Pretty frequently. Let me see here on zoom zero. What do you mean is what does it mean to cancel the recording. So people. When you join a meeting. The host codes are widely. Pass around. The identity working group meeting. For whatever reason doesn't want to use cloud recordings. So they just hit the stop recording button. The areas did com V2. Like this one and. Like this meeting. They started and then. They stopped it. Almost immediately. And, or this is actually after the main meeting. So someone else joined and recorded that meeting for a few seconds. That shouldn't end up on YouTube. Like these meetings for the did com. Aries did com V2. That shouldn't end up on YouTube. So it's going to be a matter of user education and. Figuring out how to tag the meetings. And honestly, it's just as much work to figure out if. The automatic thing should do the thing. Or I just download it and re upload it. So, you know, it's. Right now. It's only maybe a dozen meetings a week. But. You know, I'll figure that out. Don't worry so much about that in particular. The other thing with the. The GitHub CI, I'm not quite sure what you were asking about. So I wasn't, I did, I wasn't asking about it. I was just saying that to me, that's something that's important that I will work on it. And if, if others have. The same concern, but I don't think they have. But if they do, then. We can work together across projects. I thought you were saying there was something manual that I was doing. No, no, sorry. I was just doing a bad job of explaining myself. And I, I guess I can play at different points. Okay. No worries. Thanks. Thanks. Right. So we do have a proposal for task force on optimizing CI pipelines. And this is definitely. Given that it has been brought up again. We should prioritize on the task force. Okay. Thanks Peter for bringing additional topics that we should focus on. Any, anybody else, any other pressing issues that we should bring up. If not, so I am not sure do you want to share the screen with a list of all the open proposals that we have so that we can prioritize and we would also need. Team to volunteer to lead those task force. So for instance, let's say we pick up on the CI pipeline optimization. Would anybody like to. Preside over those, the task force. Lead the task force. I think that had, yeah, Marcus Dave and Timo. Signed up for it. Yes, Peter. I forgot to sign up for it, but I know. I would like to. And if no one else is willing to lead it, I'm also willing to do that. Awesome. Thanks Peter for signing up. And, and, and to all the members who may be new or. Like who have been previous to see in previous to see as well. This is great opportunity and you have seen how well the. Task forces do have been doing in the last quarter or so. And then I also mentioned about the appreciation part that came in. So, yeah, this is a great opportunity. To preside over and then bring in project perspectives. Okay, so that's something we will pick it up for the next quarter and then we'll go into the meeting agendas for discussion. Next meeting onwards. Thanks Peter. So, um, any other task force that you would like to pick up as a priority item for the next quarter. So we have options. There's one of that is a project help. The status that Timo was trying to put up last, last year. We can relook into that. The other task force based on today's discussion that I feel could be of importance is the. I think the closest one to this topic is like badging and life cycle would somebody like to volunteer and then. Start putting a page and then discuss about the task force. Badging and life cycle. So, Ramai, see you signed up. Would you like to do like to preside over this task force? I think I mean, it's a bit. This one may be a bit tough. But I mean, if you have some flexibility on sure. Right. So, yeah, I think you can pick it up and then. Okay. Bring up bring up topic for discussion. Everybody will jump in. Okay, sure. Awesome. So, um, I'm. So, okay, now formally and making that statement that we are going to pick up the badging life cycle task force as well as the task force on best practices for automated pipelines. These things will go into the engine item. So I just saw hard messaging saying that we should pick up the artifact signing security artifact signing task force as well. Once we wrap up on the vulnerability disclosure. That we are waiting for reviews on the Google Doc. Makes sense. Thanks for bringing that up. Awesome. Okay. I know we are 14 minutes left. And the next topic that we had on agenda was. The task force discussion. And Bobby, would you like to take over? Sure. Thank you very much. And I'm glad that there's going to be more tests. So, um, I'm not going to go into the responses because I do agree with you Arun that the way this is structured that things are really getting done. And there is a lot of attention. I had a lot of people in the meeting this week, which was nice to see new participants. So I'm encouraged that this is going well. Again, so. Um, Both the documentation task force and the onboarding task force are looking forward to getting a mentee, um, to really tie this stuff together. Um, the documentation task force. Uh, one of the things we've been working on was getting, um, the tasks and the, uh, Deliverables for the mentee together. So we worked on. Um, where we had certain categories of deliverables, which I think, um, unless anybody has any, um, additions, these are going to be the four we're going to go with. One is the GitHub documents that would be, um, the guidelines and templates for turn and the, um, supporting tooling that we offer as hyper, hyper ledger, uh, for maintainers, um, creating, or whoever is creating the documentation from the GitHub templates. Um, And then we also have other categories to, um, let people know how to use the products. Um, so in that, uh, we have a GitHub template, uh, set up where, uh, we're going to more on the task force than the mentee, um, create what should be in all of those and what, uh, templates you should choose from. Get that down. So that, uh, when the mentees come on, um, we also at the documentation task force went through the mentee programs. Um, and a lot of them had asked for documentation or have a documentation piece and, um, you know, I spoke with men and we want the documentation mentee to be able to support that. So that's why at the task force, we really want to get that done first, the templates and stuff so that we can see with the mentees, how that works moving forward to, you know, offer the stuff to the projects. Um, so the mentees, we do, we determined what projects needed documentation support. We're going to have our mentee reach out to, um, those projects and see how, um, any of these other categories, including the template for GitHub, um, can assist them. Um, the other thing that, um, the mentorship is going to do is we have to work closely with the other two task forces, uh, for their documentation support, uh, the first one being best practices. Um, if we're going to be badging to see, you know, when we move again, looking at that project life cycle that we had up on the screen before, you know, what are the criteria for moving from incubation to graduate and do you have these, this badge that this task force is going to create. Um, and in that badge comes a documentation piece, what is that documentation and how can the task force, you know, create templates and make that training easier for people to just get that done. Um, as well as the onboarding task force, um, they need documentation support, um, and training materials. So, you know, that we'll go into a little bit about that onboarding task force in a minute where those, uh, buckets of training materials need to be. Um, but those are the two task forces that the documentation mentee also is going to help support getting that, um, discussions going between the two. Um, and finally is the community. Um, there's going to be a big, um, change over in the website soon. Um, logos, all that kind of fun stuff is going to be, uh, revamped, updated, modernized. Um, and more, you know, for social media, getting all that stuff out there. Um, we want to be able to support the community and creating materials for, uh, not just inside the community, but outside the community. And we want them to reflect the new, uh, logos and new templates that will come out of the marketing department. Um, and how can we as, you know, the documentation task force, get that information where it needs to be. So that's another little, uh, ≫ And that's another one of the things that I, uh, wanted to make sure that we have that information and that we can get the target for. The, uh, mentees to worry about, um, Again, we're just, you know, looking at the candidates. We're waiting for that, uh, formalized list of people interested to come through so we can start the interview process. Uh, there'll be interview questions that will ask all of them. Um, And basically we were working on the personas. to who do they need to be geared for? And again, we're working with the onboarding task force to get these little buttons of education or buckets of education where people enter the community, whether it's the website, the Discord channel, the Wiki page, the GitHub, wherever people are coming in, we want them to be able to click to get to them, depending on who they are, where they need to be. So that's basically where the task force for that is at right now. Does anybody have any questions about the documentation task force? No? Okay, then I'm gonna just move on real quickly to the onboarding task force. Again, they're working with the same personas when are people coming on? We did an in-depth study. Again, this is a really speaking again to Arun's point about the success of these task forces. All of these people, well, other than Tracy, are basically new to the community. So there's a lot of new people that are getting involved, which is very, very nice to see. So what we did in the task force is we went to each place where people can jump on and figured out what we feel is needed in those spots. And there was an interesting, the Discord channel had a lot of information to be updated, stuff like the frequently asked questions and directing people. So there was a good discussion on that. And we also saw the presentation from Ben about the new website and what that's gonna look like and how that's gonna have the right tags and to get more recognition and get up in search engines and that kind of stuff. And this is a, I don't know if I'm supposed to be showing that but that was the new logo look that was in the presentation and information. Here is the presentation. I would watch it because it was really, really interesting to see how the future of this foundation is gonna look. And that's right there on this onboarding task force page if you wanna just see that. We're coming up for suggestions to Ben from some of the things that we determined as a task force from looking at the old website, what should be improved. And next, we really wanna get moving on, redoing those places and get the mentee ready. We didn't do a timeline for the onboarding task force yet that's next. But again, get him or her certain I guess I'm gonna use major tasks that they have to accomplish in onboarding more, not so much tasks, but where people come like the webpage, the Wiki page, the Discord, the GitHub and make them all look the same, make them all have the same really easy clickable information to get people to the training materials that the documentation task force is going to be able to support this task force with. So that's about where we are on the two task forces. We're moving forward. We're getting great community support and we're just gonna keep going. Anybody have any questions about onboarding? Okay, great. That's it for me. I'll turn it back over to you, Varun. And thank you for doing such a good job today. Thanks Mavi for the quick updates and thank you. I know we have five more minutes left and no more urgent items, but I want to quickly bring up a couple of items for as a foot for thought. So that we keep thinking about these topics in our upcoming meetings. One topic is about new projects that we should encourage. So if you come across any project within the Hyperledger Labs that you feel like needs like more appreciation or that you feel like, hey, this project is interesting that we should encourage them more. We should bring them up and support them in incubating that. So please bring those projects, please bring those topic up for discussion. And the second topic I wanted you all to start also thinking about is Hyperledger Charter was updated recently and that recent could be months ago now and there were few items that needed more clarification. And that is another aspect that we can start putting down our thoughts and then clarify some of those charter items. And what does it mean for governance standpoint? So these are a couple of items I wanted to bring up and not necessary to talk through today but these are the topics that you could read through and then bring them up for discussion in upcoming meetings. With that, I think we can end three minutes early if there are no other questions and thoughts. Thank you.


Hello and welcome to the session. Let us understand the following problem today. In an AP given A3 is equal to 15, F10 is equal to 125, find D and A10. Now let us write the solution. We have A3 is equal to A plus N minus 1D, where N is equal to 3. So A3 is equal to A plus 2D. Now given to us A3 is equal to 15 which is equal to A plus 2D. Now here D is equal to 15 minus A by 2. Now it is given to us that S10 is equal to 125. So we know the formula that SN is equal to N by 2 multiplied by 2A plus N minus 1D. SN that is S10 given to us as 125 which is equal to N is 10 by 2 multiplied by 2A plus 10 minus 1D. We substitute it from here that is 15 minus A by 2. Now here we can see that there is only one unknown that is A. Now solving this equation for A it implies 125 is equal to, this gets cancelled by 5. So 5 multiplied by 2A plus 9 multiplied by 15 minus A by 2 which implies 125 is equal to 10A plus 45 multiplied by 15 minus A by 2 which implies 125 is equal to 10A which is equal to, sorry, plus 45 into 15 by 2 minus 45A by 2. Now taking all the right terms of A on left hand side we get which implies 45A by 2 minus 10A is equal to 45 into 15 by 2 minus 125. Now which implies taking LCM as 2 here we get 45A minus 20A which is equal to, again taking LCM as 2 here we get 45 into 15 minus 250. Now we can see that this 2 and this 2 gets cancelled so we get 45 minus 20A which is equal to 25A which is equal to taking 25 common we get 27 minus 10. Now we can see that this 25 gets cancelled with this A so we are left with A is equal to 27 minus 10 which implies A is equal to 17. Now using this value of A we find D as we have earlier found that D is equal to 15 minus A by 2 so which is equal to 15 minus 17 by 2 which is equal to minus 2 by 2 which is equal to minus 1 therefore D is equal to minus 1. Now we have to find A10. A10 is equal to A plus N minus 1B. N is equal to 10 so it is equal to A plus 9D. Now A is equal to 17 plus 9 multiplied by D is equal to minus 1 so it is equal to 17 minus 9 which is equal to 8 therefore D is equal to minus 1 and A10 is equal to 8 which is our required answer. I hope you understood the question. Bye and have a nice day.


Police departments around the country are now checking out new technology that they say is meant to make it safer. As Darren Trotter with our partner KABB in San Antonio, Texas reports, they're using science to find out if the eyes lie. You were asked to choose a number between two and nine. In just a few minutes. And we'll ask you some general knowledge questions. Infrared lights are calibrated to a person's eyes and then the computer takes over. Drum roll. This is always the moment of truth. We'll see if he's lying or telling the truth. The computer said that you were deceptive on the number six. Please be the number six. There we go. The company Conversus is bringing a new type of lie detection to the world. It's called eye detect. So in that little five minute test, we took about 30,500 measurements of your left eye and 30,500 measurements of your right eye. PhDs at the University of Utah created it in the early 2000s, partially funded by your federal tax dollars. But how it's being used is what's new. We need to screen candidates to make sure that the officers that are out there to protect us have not committed crimes in their past that would disqualify them to be an officer of the law or a corrections officer. Six is not the number that I picked. Pardons and parole offices are also checking it out to use on criminals all based on pupil dilation. Eyes do dilate. That's one of the physiological reactions we do have when we're lying or scared or any other kind of emotions that affect the body. Patrick Oberb with the American Polygraph Association says he's been evaluating it for about 18 months now. Which is it's somewhat less intrusive because we don't place components on a person's body. It simply looks at and looks at the pupils of the eyes. Pupils also expand when they see something interesting. Now that's a technique that's been used by the CIA, poker players and me when I was single for years. Of course, her getting up and walking away was another good sign she wasn't interested.


presentation. I have one question to the speaker. The last slide you suggest to formalization of the informal sector. My question is first of all I guess things that you didn't present much statistics. Those women that participate in the labor market in the informal sector one because of their their own human capital and the second is because their timing since the women have more responsibility to the families. If you informal if you formalized informal sector perhaps they lost the job. What is your what do you mean the formalization? My name is Huai from CEM Vietnam. Thank you all for three presentations. They are very interesting and informative. I have questions for the first presentation on Chinese experience on income inequality. Actually there are many features. It's the same in Vietnam with especially with the rising chance of inequality during the development process over the past decades. And in the presentation you ask you so ask the questions whether China reached the top of coolness curve in terms of inequality during the development process. However there are several experts view especially one in the recently famous book public namely capital in the 21st century and they argue that the Kuznet's hypothesis is no longer relevant even the past experience of many countries. So what is our views on this one whether the rising chance of inequality in China is like this have a feature like a coolness curve or does the government need to do something to reduce the increase this increasing chance. This is the first question and the second question is about the you mentioned a lot about the urban and rural and regional aspects of inequality and then I think it is normal because in terms of economic growth you also need to give a prior prioritize the resource to several we call the economic poles in the economy so that will create the kind of the rural urban or even the regional aspects of inequality but in terms of policy what do you think the government should do to in this regards in terms of rising inequality and the last questions about the is that how is the inequality issues is considered on the government agenda the Chinese government agenda or mainly Chinese government many touches on reducing poverty rather than the inequality. Thank you. You seem to be challenging there was a paper by I think one on one and Anthony Shorrocks you know when they first talk about that the importance of I can't remember which the date was but it's quite it's a well-known paper and that their argument is that you know as you find a large component of inequality in China is that the spatial component that comes out in your tile decomposition now I didn't really pick up from your you present a genie at the rural and urban picture at the start but you know genie is not terribly well suited to that you know these kind of spatial comparisons obviously you could get genies going up in urban and rural separately and then the genie overall going down because of the nature of genie I wondered if are you challenging what they said because essentially they're saying actually China is two countries almost almost that there's a rural China and urban China and within urban within rural there isn't so much inequality but I wasn't able to pick that up and if that is what you're saying that's that's quite a strong conclusion I wanted to give you the opportunity of saying is that something you did find because I noticed that they're not using the local courts the farmers and almost 50% of the reallocations have disputes and I'm thinking is that a strategy do you think from farmers to get around the local courts to to province level and get the attention of province level caters it could be a strategy the first is that the question is a hypothesis can be applied to developing countries like China, U.N., something like that my answer is no you say yeah I totally agree with Thomas Piketty's opinions on that you say if you look at the literature you say even the question your hypothesis is based on the data from you say developed countries is from the early of the 20th century to the 50s yeah so that is but if you look at your appearance even in the developing countries you will find income you call it decrease during the 60s or 70s largely yeah DL2 you say redistributing policies not DL2 you say economic development something like that yeah I think Robert Campbell you say had the article papers summarized main argument on the question is hypothesis that even yeah when we talk about the question is hypothesis in China it's still a lot of Chinese scholars believe yeah cuisine is hypothesis can be applied to the China you say when you say you say slightly decreased in the you say income equality it's okay yeah cuisine is a hypothesis it's a turning point yeah it's coming so something like that yeah my yeah personally do not believe yeah China is the case the cuisine is hypothesis kind of explain so the second yeah you mentioned that in China probably United there are very large income gap between urban and rural areas you just said it's very whether it's normal or not yeah there's some gap yeah it's not so big yeah you can say it's normal in the any countries you will find you say income gap between rural and urban area but when we say a very large gap you say this gap maintain at the very high level so that will say that why yeah that's so large gap so that we find there are a lot of you say the policy or institutions in five world for urban areas also there are some you say mobility is the barrels your father to the rural people to the urban find even in urban areas there are a lot of discrimination policy against the rural people something I think that policy really play very important role in its plan is a high income gap you say that means so that come to your third questions yeah what kinds of the government policy will be implemented to reduce the income gap between rural and urban areas I think in the last five years the government issues a lot of policies such as then the bullish the Huco system I don't know yet that is household registration system that means you say in China urban people and the rural people have a difference the Huco difference is there ID card there's something like that so none the government want to reduce you see a division of the Huco system another is that the government want to put more resources in to the rural areas try to support development of compulsory education provide more support to the poor people in rural areas give us a lot of subsidy to rural area yeah in that way they try to reduce income gap between rural and urban area so yeah there are some of the government policy agendas in last year several ministers issue a package of the income distribution reform that means they have a lot of you say policy new policy will be introduced in next five years I think that policy will be yeah the work yeah probably in the future something like that now come to the last question yeah yes you see the China you see there's some inequality within urban areas some inequality even you yeah rural area something like that when you come to it yeah I think the country built us to you quality younger very quite different from that yeah in the rural area something like that in rural area you see regional difference you look quite large in rural area yeah if you look compare you see in household income between coastal area and the western area you will find very big that difference that's a larger difference depend on you see non-farming activities you see you're more you see non-farming activity in the coastal area also a lot of migrants moving from western area to a rural area something but when you come to the urban areas yeah as I mentioned that the large difference you see come from the skilled unskilled works as a result of returns rising return to education something like that so yeah I agree with you that there's some yeah different reasons for rising income equality within and urban area and within rural area something yeah I cannot talk in detail about yeah many many yeah contributors to that thank you let me just kind of take these in turn and I have relatively kind of strong views on Chinese inequality so I want to say a few things about that as well first in terms of Hendricks you know comment the reason why the courts aren't being used because the state doesn't want to allow households to use the courts that they're willing to allow the households to go ahead and press you know to use the courts as a mechanism to press claims again against other households but when it happens to be again a claim again against the state or some injustice that they feel has been done by higher levels of government extremely difficult to do and in fact there's been a recent again announcement by the highest of Supreme Court again one of the one of the judges there who basically says as much and so I think that one of the things again that we're seeing is that the state again in the party in a variety of ways is trying to go ahead and to restrict again the way in which the legal system is used again in terms of allowing households to go ahead and press their claims so I think that's the most important again reason in terms of why the courts aren't being used at the current moment in terms of inequality of land in terms of the role that it happens to have in terms of inequality again in the countryside again there's a lot of favorite word heterogeneity it's certainly the case that in the countryside that inequality of land has gone ahead and increased but what's happened in inequality at the same time is that the returns to land relative to the returns to labor have just fallen numerate have fallen enormously and and so the contribution that land or income from land today in part this is because of the agricultural policies that are in part again kind of reducing the returns to agriculture for a lot of these households they're just again that's not the issue that when we take a look at where the inequality is rising again the reason it's rising in rural and in rural China again it's really again about nature of human capital and skills that individuals have to be able to access the labor market that's become extremely important and more important over time maybe 10 or 15 years ago it was about the ability of households to move into family-run businesses that before households and individuals were be able to migrate it was the ability of households to move into these small family-run enterprises that were extremely important in there it was access to capital and access to skills that were extremely important in that regard so land inequality has increased again in some areas at least access to these use rights have but I don't believe again it's the most important thing in terms of what's contributing to inequality in terms of looking at the bigger picture of inequality in China that what I would argue is I've never been really happy with his view that urban rule inequality is rising and a lot of it has to do with measurement and so if you go ahead and if you were to accurately measure what the differences was difference in in urban rule incomes in the late 1970s and you measured everything again correctly that what you would find is that the differences in terms of income between the countryside and the cities was probably on the order of four to five to one so it's a very difficult measurement issue because throughout much of the 80s and even into the early 1990s individuals in the in the cities again either through again access to consumer goods grain other things of preferential prices either through access again of all kinds of non-pecuniary benefits again that they were entitled again through if they were working in state or enterprises those things are just very very difficult again to be able to measure the other other issue that we run into is that if you take a look in terms of urban rule income differences in China is that we've seen again massive urbanization over the time over time and so that when today when people are comparing urban and rule rule in some sense is not even being held constant and so another kind of calculations again that we've done over the years is that if you could go ahead and if you could fix urban to find urban again at a given point in time what you would find is that urban rule differences even measured that way again aren't rising but the problem that we have today is that all the more successful areas again rule areas they're effectively kind of a treading out of the rule sample they're now again urban incomes are higher and so what you have is what you got left over are those areas again that aren't growing nearly as rapidly so it looks like urban rule income differences are rising when in fact they're not that moreover that when you start to take a look at China on a regional basis is that what you'll see is that there's unbelievably important differences in terms of all the inequality dynamics between the coastal provinces and between the interior that if you were to take a look at a province like Jijiang which is south of Jiangsu that what you would find is that over the course of the last 30 or 40 years that the increases in inequality over that period of time have been relatively modest if you go ahead and if you go into the interior that what you'll find is that that's where we see some of the largest again increases in inequality and it has an awful lot again to do again with the nature of the reforms that have been going on so that when we talk about regional differences in inequality in China I mean the thing that we want to remember is that this is again a country where there's been massive reform that have allowed people to move off the land move people to move from the west to the east that product markets again have been liberalized again significantly so in some sense all of those things again should have been helping to reduce the differences again between the west and east and that what I would argue on contrary a lot of people argue I would say that state policy the development the great west policy all of those things again in some sense have been major contributing factors again to the fact that the west hasn't grown more rapidly than what it has so it's a policy problem as opposed to just you know fundamental differences again between regions I understand that is very different questions but I can also take one example from Vietnam to see how we can do it actually in urban in urban era in Vietnam now many families they need support for the for the chair for the children caring and why the public services it's not enough to support the women in family to do that many families now need domestic helper from rural areas and it is very common now in Hanoi in Ho Chi Minh City and big cities so almost the family with small children they have the domestic helper from rural areas and almost for 15 years gender specialist they're talking about the domestic helper who who to who will take them if they work for the family owners and and recently after I think that 10 or 15 years and now two years ago when we approved the labor code one regulations on article on the domestic helper already included in the labor code that means family owner who hired the domestic helper should have a minimum income should have some meet to some requirement and condition for the for the domestic helper so I think that is one example of how we can formalize the informant sector of course I understand that it's not easy for all but actually if we try to do as much as possible for the women work can govern by law and other example I think that's now for the social insurance only the worker who have contract for three months three months work they have they are in time the social insurance in Vietnam but actually if the contract only three months and and less remand a lot of women now is only one month or two months even employer employers they avoid that because they don't they don't want to do to pay for the social insurance so if we try to do like a adjust policy how to incorporate how do women can more benefit from policy that is I'm talking about the formalizations thank you Joseph from Ghana from you talked about the difficulty in terms of the family sharing responsibility between the males and female or the preference for for sons how is that being managed in terms of changing the norm or the the social preference so that both men and or both boys and girls as children will be given the same preference in terms of the family issues in terms of the gender issues has been raised in Vietnam you are talking about we are talking about the gender stereotypes of the women role is a family because actually the Vietnamese women I think that different from the Asian other countries they do both productions very active in the economic activities and also they do the production and even this you are talking about the social norm as a change I think that is for the nuclear family in the urban areas easily is different from the rural areas but in Vietnam now we almost 70 percent of population is a rural area and the social norm for the chain is sustained very slow compared to the urban areas in the urban area is a family only nuclear family both only they don't they don't live with the parents so that is a different pattern they can help each other it's more sharing from the from husband for the white but for them for extended family I think that is a small burden on the women because they need to not only to take care of the children but also the pattern in law and also relative also so we can I can think from my personal view I can think that is the economic development is more ahead compared to the southern chains especially in the gender stereotypes is quite very slowly changed in Vietnam yes thank you thank you very much okay okay well we've had three presentations there from experts in their field on three different aspects of inequality income inequality in China land inequality or inequality inequality in the use of land in again in China gender inequality these are things which are really important in these countries but these are things that are really important in lots of countries and these land issues these gender issues these these issues about what men and women do inside the household and stuff these are things that we recognize from lots of countries so hopefully there are useful lessons for for all of us whatever countries we represent let me just finally thank the thank the speakers for excellent presentations and thank you for your questions and inputs thank you very much


Hi, I am Dr. Magnus Jaraj Mansard, Consultant Liver Transplant Surgeon for the Manipal Group of Hospitals. The best treatment for liver cancer is liver transplantation. Liver cancer occurs in a liver which is already damaged. So if you try to remove the liver cancer alone, damaged liver has a propensity to develop cancer in another part of the liver. So the best treatment will be to remove the whole damaged liver and replace it with a new one by liver transplantation. When liver transplantation is not possible for whatever reason, then we attack the cancer locally either by removing the part of the liver with the cancer by surgery or burning that part of the liver with ultrasound based therapy or we deliver either chemotherapy particles or adiatherapeutic particles into the liver that contains the cancerous part through a special angiographic method. But still the best treatment for liver cancer remains liver transplantation.


This presentation was prepared together with another person, the name of which is Peter McGrath, so I'm from Tuas. Tuas stands for the World Academy of Sciences. Peter McGrath is actually the coordinator of IAP, the Interacademy Partnership. Why am I here talking to you about sustainable development? Perhaps reason number one, because it's absolutely fundamental to all of us. Number two, because perhaps your scientific career may be able to have a positive impact on this. Number three, perhaps because sustainable development may have an impact on your career. In fact, since the United Nations announced this new sustainable development goals, there have been an increasing number of grants and programs on this. That means that you may get funding if your research was in line or directly related or beneficial to these. So I thought to start with a definition. Now, this definition is nothing new. I mean, 1987, I didn't have children. Perhaps the fact that I have children now somewhat changes my view of the future and how what we are doing now impacts on the future. And the changes I see now are seen in a different way, not only in terms of science, but in the white picture. One of the things that perhaps we don't often think about in terms of changes is something that is represented by this diagram of the carbon footprints. When I go to a scientific meeting, to be honest with you, I never ever thought about the carbon footprint of that scientific meeting. Of all of us being present in place, flying there, the organization and the background. We don't think about it, but actually all of that has a cost. Now, a lot of people don't like this diagram. It depends which country you're from. Because in this diagram, the United States doesn't look like it's having as much of a carbon footprint as China. People from different countries may prefer this kind of diagram, where the carbon footprint is expressed per capita. And so in that case, we see a completely different scenario. But this per capita introduces a new concept. And that is actually the concept of population, number of people in different countries. Population growth is indeed the key point about sustainability and sustainable development. And what we see here, we see that the human population was increasing ever so gradually and slowly until there was a huge increase. In the year 2011, five years ago, the human population reached $7 billion. It is now in 2016, $7.4, and predicted to reach $8 billion in 2024. So perhaps this is something that we don't often think about. Perhaps we should think about the sheer number of people that is using resources on our planet. On those bases, the United Nations released a number of years ago the so-called Millennium Development Goals, which were set to cover a period, this 15-year period, which ended last year. These were about poverty, education, gender equality, child mortality, et cetera, et cetera. Some of these were actually perhaps not reached, but some progress was made. So it is argued still by the United Nations that over 90 percent worldwide are reaching primary education level. So this is a big improvement compared to previously, and it is thought that child mortality has been halved since 1990. However, there are many, many people that disagree that the Millennium Goals were a success and that much more work was needed. As a matter of fact, the United Nations released new goals. So that was last year. Last year was an important year for international agreements. We have the Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction. We have the COP21 in Paris, and we have the Sustainability Development Goals. So I will only talk about this now. I may touch upon that later. So in about a year ago, almost exactly a year ago, the United Nations agreed on 17 new goals. Now, it would actually be interesting to spend time. We don't have time, so perhaps this might for some of you. I'm not sure I'd be able to reach out to all of you, but some of you actually look and reflect upon each one of those 17, because some of them are totally relevant to what we do. Now, the distinguished professor, Jackson, that spoke before, works on protein folding. I actually worked on protein structure, and I believe that every topic of biology is relevant to some of these goals, and we may actually be able to do something about them. Number 17 is perhaps the most important one, in that it recognizes that there must be cooperation between people working in different areas if we are to reach the goals. One of the goals is 100% health related, and so out of so many specific targets that have been identified for the 17 goals, many are totally health related. And that means that there are many programs in many countries that are now narrowing the focus, especially in the UK, for example, the Research Council UK has just released a huge call for funding, which focuses on the sustainability development goals and on engaging with developing countries. But that's exactly the problem. The problem is that despite these calls, a major gap, a drift exists between scientists and policymakers. So if we believe that we understand processes and mechanisms, perhaps we should also understand that the bridging of the gap is not going to come from these people, not offence to any politician, but my trust in that class is not very high, and therefore perhaps we should lend a reaching hand in order to bridge this gap. Because if the knowledge and wisdom coming from science does not get into practice through policy making, then that gap will remain and many solutions will never get onto the field, onto where they should be to solve challenges and problems. I'm not arguing that science can solve anything, but I'm certainly arguing that there are many solutions already there, but they're not getting in their place. An example of reaching out to the policymakers or the failure of doing so, it depends how you look at it, is given by COP21, which is also relatively recent at the end of last year, 2015. Many people thought that this was a great success because many countries signed up, but actually some other people do believe that this was a big failure because the signing up is not legally binding in many cases. COP21, as you might know, is about climate change. Now I'm dismayed that since working at Tuasa I had to do a lot of interactions with teachers. I not very long ago remember talking to a high school teacher who does not believe in climate change. Certainly does not believe even if there was a climate change it was caused by human action. We're no longer at 400. In 2016, in August 2016, the constitution of CO2 did not go below 402. I will not talk about the science behind this, but the answer to the question, some of you will already be aware of why that is so, but it is true that there is a huge body of science supporting the idea that things are changing and they're having an effect that are consequences. So this is just one slide from the BBC recent feature that there was on climate change following COP21. So I started by saying that I work for Tuasa, the World Academy of Sciences, Peter McGrath who contributed work for the interacademy partnership, and I would also like to mention another sister organization hosted at the ACDP called OASED, the Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World. Now we are special programs of UNESCO and as such we have a lot of focus on UNESCO and the United Nations priorities and the sustainability development goals are exactly there. All three organizations have a common mission which is to invest in science, technology and innovation. Hopefully this will strengthen infrastructure and education leading to economic growth and that may have nice results. These ideas are not, again, they're not new, they date back over 30 years when Abdus Salam, a Nobel Prize in physics that is obviously the ACDP is named after him when he founded him and other scientists founded Tuasa. And basically many of his concepts are now reflected in what we do as well as in the SDGs. Tuasa has identified 81 nations that are science and technology lagging. 48 are classified as least developed countries by the United Nations. Of those 48 LCDs as many as 34 are in Africa and the African continent. I talked about population before. The population in Africa is booming. It's even more exponential in its growth than the rest of the world. And so it is expected to be much larger in the years to come. In particular, if we look at the section of people here, say between 15 and 24, we haven't expected the increase for the population from 200 million to 450 million, so more than a doubling. Now, the reason why I'm looking at this section of people is because a lot of education can be done with those people. So there is an opportunity, education is key. Just like this talk, this presentation is for raising awareness. Therefore, this is introducing an educational challenge for Africa. This is why Africa is a high priority for both the United Nations and for UNESCO. In this diagram, we report the pupil-to-teacher ratio that we have. And so you can see that there are countries clustering in the African continent where the pupil-to-teacher ratio is atrocious. It's really bad. So there's not only lack of infrastructure, but there's also lack of teachers. And there is also lack of researchers and PhDs in Africa. That's why the educational level is and may remain low unless something is done. I mentioned PhDs, so many nations in Africa are fewer than 100 per million. You see, in some other countries, the situation is much different and much better. So the general level of education has an impact, obviously, on what there is and what there could be. So if there are many challenges to face, Africa is not in a good place to face those challenges as well as other countries. It was, we have the largest south-to-south fellowship program, including both PhDs and postdocs, also visiting researchers and professors over 600 every year we fund. Recently, we sent out a core. This was a core focusing totally on sustainability. We had green chemistry as well as others. I mentioned green chemistry because I can imagine that some of you may be chemists. This particular core was not a south-to-south program, was a north-to-south, so to bring expertise to the south. One of the applicants did not receive a good reply from us because the application was not really related to sustainability. It seemed that that applicant misunderstood. I will not say obviously the name of the applicant or even the country of origin. However, I would like to quote the response which was mistakenly copied to everyone and therefore we read what the applicant wrote. I hate the word sustainability and the fact that everyone is trying to link it to everything. This is what the applicant said as an explosion talking to other colleagues that were copied in, but unfortunately we were also copied in there. So I thought that was very sad and I think if that's the attitude that many people have even when they apply for such funding programs, I'm not sure. It's very hopeful. So I'm trying to reach out to any of you who might get involved with some of this and take a different perspective and a different approach. So yeah, to us also has research support and prizes, but basically we deeply care about education which is sustainability goal number four. Hopefully all of this effort will result in increased scientific capacity which will impact on result number ten. Now these are just examples, these two, okay? Perhaps you will go away with one little memory that one of the sustainability goals is about education and education is obviously extremely important unless people understand and know they cannot do anything about a problem. And there are problems, there are plenty of problems. These problems are perhaps not official yet, but more or less efficiently the expression use these global challenges. They start with the growth of human population that has impact on energy as well as loss of biodiversity, increased CO2 emission, causing climate change, pollution of air and water, huge problem in Africa as well as environmental degradation. We know that resources are limited and they may be increasing, be limited. Urban sprawl and the growth of mega cities is introducing new problems. Finally, infectious disease epidemics, resistant to antibiotics may be things that some of you are familiar with perhaps even working on. Therefore, I will conclude, I hope I didn't take too long, by saying that these new sustainability development goals are not just, I hope, I hope I'm not tricking myself, just a political scout to make the UN look good, okay? Thank you very much.


The narcissist wants you to fear them. They want to keep you in a state of fear. They want you to be afraid of them. The narcissist wants you to fear them because they use fear to control you. When you think that they are dangerous or that they are likely to cause pain or be a threat with you, it gives them power over you. It gives them the ability to direct and influence your behavior and the course of events because it leaves you walking on eggshells. It leaves you to become extremely cautious about your words or actions where you are very careful not to offend or upset them. You tone yourself down to make them more comfortable. Which only suits their agenda. While putting yours on the back burner, which is why fear is so important to them. They have to keep you in a state of fear to keep you under their control. Because if you weren't afraid, you could act however you choose to. You could do whatever you want to do. You would be free and they wouldn't be able to contain you. But there's nothing physically stopping you from doing what you want to do.  It's very similar to how people tame wild elephants. When the elephant is a baby, they tie a rope around its ankle. The elephant may try to escape, but every time the elephant tries to do that, it may get attacked. Eventually, the elephant doesn't even need to be attacked. Just the feeling that the elephant keeper is going to harm it is enough to keep it under control. So all the elephant keeper might have to do is look at the elephant. Eventually, there doesn't even need to be a rope attached to the elephant because the elephant has been conditioned to believe that I cannot escape. So even without the rope tied around its ankles, the elephant will not even try to leave, which is very similar to how narcissists use fear to control their victims. They may place conditions on you in the beginning, but eventually you just give up. You accept that there's nothing you can do. You experience a sense of powerlessness, which is known as learned helplessness, which has a rise from a traumatic event or persistent failure to succeed. Because no matter what you do with the narcissist, you can never win. All of your efforts to succeed will only lead to failure, which eventually just makes you stop trying. This is how narcissists control their victims by making them fear an undesirable outcome, by making them doubt themselves and it also gives them narcissistic supply. It makes them feel powerful. It makes them feel like they are in control and it is not good for you. It affects the choices you might otherwise make. It prevents your healing, so you should not let fear become a part of who you are. Narcissists want to be admired. They want you to regard them with respect and warm approval, but once you see through their game, they will want you to fear them because they are also afraid. They're afraid of rejection and abandonment. They're afraid of being exposed and they think that if they can't do it, and they think that if they can keep you in a state of fear, it will prevent you from leaving them and it will prevent you from trying to expose them. So they will try to project their fears and insecurities onto you in the hope that it will keep you under control. When you are afraid of the narcissist, you're just giving your power away and they're just going to use that power on you. They're going to use it to control you. They want you to anticipate what they might do next. They want you to be walking on eggshells.  So they will always have something for you to fear, to make you feel like there's nothing you can do, as though you are trapped with them. And the fear is a part of that trap. They use fear to trap you, which is why you need to recognize that being afraid of the narcissist is not going to serve you unless you use that fear to take action, unless you use it to protect yourself. You cannot trust someone who wants you to fear them. You cannot trust that they are going to do what is right for you. They want to keep you in a state of fear because they only care about themselves. They're not concerned with how it affects you. Some victims think that the narcissist is powerful and fearless because they're able to keep you in a state of fear but they're actually more afraid of you than you are of them. That's why they want you to be afraid of them because they see you as a threat. Everything they do is out of fear. That is why they seek power and control, which they take from you by making you fear them. The narcissist wants you to fear them but fearing the narcissist is not going to serve you in any way unless you use it to take action. When you learn to manage your fear, the narcissist will immediately notice this and they will try to intimidate you even more.  They're not going to keep beating a dead horse. They're not going to waste their energy on a lost cause or on a situation that cannot be changed. Thank you for watching. I hope this video resonated with you. Please like, comment, share and subscribe. If you would like to donate, my PayPal link is in the video description. Couching inquiries. You can email me at Couching at NARC Survivor at the Cuddy UK. Thank you for watching and I'll talk to you soon.


Throughout the day, you can help a child learn about numbers by counting objects with them. You can show them how to touch each object as they count it. One, two, three. Then you can have the child try it. One, two, three. You can count other objects around the house, such as crayons or even candy. Touching as they count helps a child learn to say one number for each object.