When you think of workstation laptops you think of either the HP Z books or the Dell precision devices today We've got the smallest workstation out on the market the 14 inch precision 5470 With seriously powerful processors inside and a dedicated graphics card How will Dell handle all of that inside a chassis as small as this one on the outside? We've got a pretty sleek metal lid and bottom panel with a gray anodized finish and a glossy logo on the back The base uses carbon fiber, which is grippier and doesn't collect as many fingerprints More importantly the durability of the laptop is great despite the smaller size as the combination of materials Results in no major flex from both the lid or the base In terms of dimensions the laptop weighs only 1.48 kilograms and has a profile of 11 point zero nine millimeters, which is insane The keyboard lacks a numpad, but it's still one of the better units that you can get Sporting a backlight long key travel and clicky feedback There are two speaker grills on the left and right side while the power button doubles as a fingerprint reader The touchpad is covered in glass and has an NFC coil inside so you can pair other devices to it The sides keep the ports with two thunderbolt four ports and an audio jack on the left on the right There are two more thunderbolt four ports and a micro SD card reader We also have the optional smart card reader, which sits on the left Getting to the display we first have to talk about the thin bezels and all the sensors that they keep There's a full HD webcam and an IR sensor for facial recognition This allows for faster and automatic logout and awake so you can get working right from the get-go The 16 to 10 full HD display by itself is fantastic having excellent viewing angles and a peak brightness of 452 nits the contrast ratio is very high as well sitting at 1800 to 1 so you're getting very deep blacks and punchy colors And you're getting a lot of colors as the laptop covers 99% of the sRGB Gamut pairing it with our design and gaming profile is a no-brainer move as it increases the accuracy Lowering the Delta E value down to 1.4 will have our profiles linked down below The front firing speakers can be a bit louder However, the quality of the sound itself is good with no significant deviations across the entire frequency range Only two per 100 people watching this video or subscribers if you decide to just start following us We'll be able to reinvest more in our laboratory thus making even more helpful videos for you. Thank you. You're awesome Moving into the heavy benchmarks. Let's see how the Alder Lake H series does inside the 14 inch machine Here we have the 14 cores core i7-12 800h which delivers good scores inside Cinebench R 23 being a bit less powerful than the core i9-12 900h Inside the ZenBook Pro 14 duo from ASUS on the other hand it runs circles around the MacBook Pro 14 With an M2 Pro CPU for graphics. You've got the professional RTX a1000 It's an entry-level card. So don't expect miracles. It uses the same GPU die as the RTX 3050 and 3050 Ti However, due to the smaller size of the precision 14, it doesn't score very high Let's check out what exactly Dell has going on inside as the components definitely need competent cooling Inside the precision there are two heat pipes and two fans They do an impressive job. However, keeping the core i7-12 800h well above its base power targets Maintaining 50 watts for more than 15 minutes on the other hand the GPU runs at only 35 watts Which explains the lower benchmark scores when compared to an RTX 3050 or a 3050 Ti During full load the laptop gets noisy However, it still can't compare to a proper gaming rig going at full blast The base's external temperature reaches 41.6 degrees Celsius in the middle, which isn't too hot However, you'll feel some warmth under your fingers The battery life is pretty good all things considered with the 72 watt hours unit lasting for 10 hours and 25 minutes of either web browsing or video playback When it comes to upgrade ability many smaller laptops suffer including the precision 14 Which has soldered LPDDR 5 memory with up to 64 gigabytes of it? Storage wise you have only one M2 slot for generation 4 drives Our teardown video shows how to access the single SSD slot, which is quite easy Still will leave it down below for you to check out if you want The Dell Precision 14 is a pretty fantastic laptop that puts the word mobile in mobile workstations While its hardware can perform better as we've seen it do so the amount of performance that the notebook offer in this state is Amazing and shouldn't be overlooked It's also pretty secure with many sensors and features to make it as hard as possible for others to access the precious contents inside For more information and tests of the Dell Precision 14 5 470 we'll leave our written review linked down below


from San Francisco. Extracting the signal from the noise, it's theCUBE, covering VMworld 2015. Brought to you by VMware and its ecosystem sponsors. And now your host, John Furrier. Okay, welcome back everyone. We are live here in Moscone North Lobby for VMworld 2015. This is theCUBE, Silicon Angles flagship program. We go out to the events and extract the signals from the noise. With new director set innovation here, two sets going on, the main cube over there, David Vellante interviewing, primary data. And I have the VC of primary data by coincidence. Ping Li, general partner at Excel partners. General partner at Excel partners. Welcome back to theCUBE. Yeah, good to be back, John. So you're one of the top dogs at Excel. You guys are doing extremely well, great investments. The world is changing, you're in the enterprise, one of the top VCs in the enterprise. You're doing a lot of deals. One of them primary data, as I mentioned, is on theCUBE live right now on the other channel. What are you seeing? What are you guys looking at right now? I saw you at LinuxCon scouring there. I also eat DevOps software, Linux. This is open source. Share what you're working on. You know, I think this is one of those periods of time and innovation where there's not just one trend that's going on. It's the confluence of like five different trends. And it's creating a tremendous amount of opportunity from a startup and investing perspective. And I think what you're seeing on the mobile proliferation, the cloud, a lot of this stuff around security, all these things are starting to come together. So we are investing along all those trends. We have companies that are trying to change how people and IT organizations think about how to secure their infrastructure from the endpoint, back to the data center, to the applications, to the data itself. We have companies in the container ecosystem that are trying to rebuild the compute stack around the new set of container technologies. I think it's a period of time we call the Cambrian period where all different types of technology are emerging. So I've heard you say words like, that's not a big enough idea to me and others, but that's really what's going on right now. There are big ideas that are viable. That seems to be the theme here at VMworld. You heard Pat Gelsinger laying out, essentially probably one of the best presentations I've seen him do, really laying out some leadership around the future. So the period of incrementalism is kind of over, especially in storage for instance. The cartel of EMC and NetApp and Pure is out there doing great. A new breed of startups are emerging in the enterprise. Could you share your opinion on what that looks like? The big ideas and the things that you look at, specifically on the kind of entrepreneurs you want to bet on. Yeah, I think Pat made a statement that 50 of the top 100 tech companies are going to turn over in the next decade. And I think that is probably an understatement. If I look at what's happening across the startup ecosystem, they are taking it on the incumbents in ways that incumbents can't react to because there's so many of these trends that are happening for the first time in such a fast pace, right? I take a look at storage. Five years ago, Flash was kind of a consumer technology. No one thought it was ready for the enterprise. Fast forward five years, companies like Nimble, Pure, Nutanix have taken that technology and re-changed the entire landscape and ecosystem for storage. And that one piece of technology is now being deployed in the cloud and the lots of other places on the server with Fusion I.O. And that's creating the opportunity for companies like Primary Data, which are building the software on top of those components to leverage storage virtualization, right? So I think you're getting these layering effect where each layer is creating an opportunity for another layer to abstract and to build bigger companies around it. All right, some quick fun facts. What's the size of the fund you currently are investing in and deal flow sizes you guys are deploying on series A's? What kind of numbers can you share? So we're a billion and a half venture and growth equity fund.  And you know that- Round size is five to 10? Yeah, so the five to 10 series A and go after, you know, where we say it's not about the money you put in, it's, you know, what you do with the money, right? And, you know, with the cloud and open source technologies, it's pretty cost-efficient to build and get the initial prototypes and get the products to market these things. All right, so share with the folks out there, the Ping Li investment thesis. As you look at the landscape in the enterprise and the VMworld ecosystem, what's your thesis? Do you have an algorithm? I mean, I don't want to say patterns because pattern matching is not what the best VCs do. They tend to look at patterns in context to try to connect the dots. So what do you look at? What's your thesis for connecting the dots to see around the corner for the next big opportunity? Well, I think it starts with the entrepreneur. They're the ones that have to see around the corner. You know, hard job is to find the entrepreneurs that know how to see around the corner and answer all these things you just said. But, you know, I think it is the entrepreneurs that not only see the trend, but they can see where the trend will be in three years' time. Because the reality is, you know, once you start a company, it takes years to build. You're even the great ones, right? So you can't necessarily solve a problem that's here today. You have to see what the problem is going to be down the road and how that problem becomes bigger over time. And what about market areas that you're investing in? Obviously, you have the algorithm for understanding which entrepreneur, obviously, you're going to have to get the entrepreneur, as you see thousands of pages a year. What sectors are you looking at? Obviously, cloud, DevOps, you're the Linux conference, so you're there. What are you poking at? What are you networking into for meeting entrepreneurs? I think we've done, we have a broad portfolio of security companies from CrowdStrike to Tenable to Lookout. But I think we're just scratching the surface of security. I think we are IT organizations, consumers, enterprises are under attack from so many different angles that I think the attack factors are so broad that there's going to be more and more security companies that we're going to look to invest in. I think what we're seeing around the container ecosystem continues to be very interesting. I think it's very early, but it shows a lot of promise in terms of the value of the livers. I look at our portfolio companies who are a lot of startups that embrace leading technologies. They were the first to adopt AWS back in the day. They're the ones that are working on the container technologies and using the stuff that a lot of the Googles of the world have. There's still some blocking and tackling, kind of boring areas that are still money, huge money making opportunities. Yeah, for sure. Where there could be some efficiencies. Is there anything you could share there, sectors you like in terms of optimization? I won't say consolidation, but more those areas where there's just a lot of spend going on, whether it's when or backup recovery, primary data is kind of one of those crossovers between kind of a boring storage where they got a futuristic data play. Yeah, no, I think primary data, another company we're investing in called Cohesity in the backup space. They're all trying to generate efficiencies in this new cloud world. People are expecting much more agility in their infrastructure. They're expecting to be able to scale out and leverage commodity components, but they want all the manageability they have before. They want all the things that they had in the past, but all the new things as well. I think that creates a great opportunity for start-up centers.  I know it's like asking a parent to say what's their favorite child, but what are the hot deals that have exited for you and the deals that are right now your favorites? Well, I think examples of companies are portfolio, I think are disrupting industries. I think Cloudera, what they're doing around big data and taking, not just Hadoop but other technologies to change how enterprises could derive value out of massive, massive data that they have. I think companies like Slack is changing how enterprises are going to be communicating and employees to do messaging and collaboration. I think companies like Lookout, which is basically saying iOS and Android, they need their own set of security stack on top of them to make them usable in the enterprise, in fact, they're for consumers as well, right, so. Did you do the Slack deal? My partner Andrew Proccia did the series A, yeah, so we've been in that for many years. Yeah, that thing's explosive, right? I think it's because it's solving a problem, right? That a lot of people ask. That's a new user experience. Yeah, it's- Software driven. In some ways it's new, it's new, it's new in some ways it bothers from a lot of the behaviors we develop on the consumer side and allowing the enterprise users who are consumers at the end of the day to have that same level easy use capabilities and collaboration. All right, final question for you, Ping. Share with the audience is watching something that's unique in the market right now that you think that they might not be seeing or might not be obvious that you can see as something that's a disruptive signal around this new way, this shift that's happened, this Cambrian period, I would agree, is pretty amazing. It was a perfect storm of innovation happening right now. What areas would you say, hey, you know, you might not know it, but this trend is really kicking it off. A trend that we're excited by is what we've been calling the APX world. If you look at companies like Uber, they're really just built on a couple APIs, right? A Maps API, Twilio, Payments API, and they obviously did amazing technology stitching it all together. But I think that's going to become the trend. There's going to be more and more companies that are going to be able to abstract their technology into an API that allows others to build on top of it. And that new layer, the APX layer, I think is going to be an area of innovation. APIification. Yeah, we have a company called Segment I.O, right? Which is an explosive company that's doing that around data. It allows you to connect a lot of data sources in a very seamless way. And the cloud also is powering all this dev ops. It all, I mean, I think the cloud has been the, no longer are you focused on the infrastructure, the computer storage networking, but you're building this kind of abstraction layer of that.  And we're like, okay, Amazon won game one of a double header. So that's how we all win public cloud. Game two is a different game, the enterprise. The rules are different. No one's winning that yet. Amazon's clearly not winning the enterprise. No, I think Amazon is making a lot of traction in the enterprise, but I think you see Azure, you see Google computing. And the game's not even in the early innings, still in the enterprise. It's very early. I think these, as explosive as these trends are, they also take time, right? The Cambrian period wasn't created overnight either, right? So I think all these things will take time to develop. A decade is a Cambrian, you know, period of time in one, Amazon won game one. Paying thanks for taking the time to come on theCUBE. Our new director set here in Moscone at VMworld. Great to see you, town of the pavements in Seattle. I mean, that's what it's all about in the VC world. Hostel, right? Yeah, try to do the next great deal. Ping Li, we excel partners here on the side of theCUBE. We'll be back with more after the short break. Thanks, Ron.


I think the everyday explanation of what is resilience is it's the idea of bouncing back.  But we actually take that a step further and when we're educating people around this, we say, it's not just getting back up again, but it's also not falling down in the first place. So I use the example of my son learning how to walk. In the beginning, all kids, they want to learn how to walk, they fall down, they get back up, but eventually they don't fall down so much anymore. And you learn to walk and most adults can walk now without falling down most of the time. And that's kind of that idea of resilience as well. It's the preventative as well as the response to challenges. And so that can be developed. It's not something that we're born with a fixed amount of resilience and that's who we are. It's something that we nurture and build over time just like a muscle.


Applying quantile mapping-based bias correction to daily temperature extremes simulated by a global climate model, GCM, can result in physically unrealistic diurnal temperature range, DTR, values, which is strongly related to GCM biases in snow albedo feedback during snowmelt. A proposed technique to bias correct DTR and maximum slash minimum daily temperatures based on observations and GCM historic simulations shows that it can produce more accurate estimations of daily temperature extremes while avoiding unrealistic DTR values. This article was authored by B. Thrasher, E. K. Maurer, C. McKellar, and others.


I call Parliament to order, and we move on to our next item of business, which is topical questions. We start with question number one from Alex Cole-Hamilton. To ask the Scottish Government what action it will take in response to the reported increase in the number of GP practices being run directly by NHS boards. Cabinet Secretary, Shona Robison.  Wherever a practice hands back its contract, the local NHS board will ensure that primary care services will continue to be provided in the area and patients will be able to see a GP. If a practice can't routinely accept new patients, we're clear that boards must work with practices to help manage a situation and ensure that all patients are informed of options being considered. In support of general practice, I announced on 10 March an investment of £71.6 million. This new funding forms the first stage of the Scottish Government's commitment to provide an extra £250 million in direct support of general practice per year by 2021 and will increase the investment in primary care by £500 million. By the end of this Parliament, for the first time, at least half of front-line NHS spending will be going to community health services. Alex Cole-Hamilton, I thank the cabinet secretary for that answer. Further to the contributions that we have just heard, I would like to put on my record my thanks for everything that our health and emergency services do for us. They do heroic work in our communities every day and, as we have seen so tragically overnight during the darkest of moments too, there won't be a soul in this building whose heart doesn't go out to those working today in the most testing of circumstances. They deserve the full support of this chamber and this Government, but they don't always get it. Last year, doctors at East Craig's Park Grove Medical Centre in my constituency attached letters to prescriptions asking their patients to contact me for help, such was the strain on that practice. Is the cabinet secretary confident that her Government is doing enough to identify and to help surgeries in the early stages of distress before they have to be taken under health board control? First of all, I say to Alex Cole-Hamilton that our NHS has offered support to services in the NHS, particularly in the area of plastics and pediatrics, where the specialties can be in short supply to reassure the chamber that that offer has been made, as well as beds within Scottish hospitals if required. We are very much in touch with the services down there. In reply to Alex Cole-Hamilton on the specifics of the medical practice and, indeed, support in the early stages, I have very much encouraged boards to have early discussions and encourage practices to have early discussions with the health board and to alert the local health board if they are entering difficulties at an early enough stage to try to provide support and to try to avoid some of the difficulties that we have seen. In reply to what we are doing, Alex Cole-Hamilton will hopefully be aware of the intensive work that is going on around the new GP contract negotiations. That is going to be very important in providing a better future for primary care and for general practice within it and a more attractive proposition in order to attract young doctors into general practice rather than other specialties. We also have the GP recruitment and retention fund, which we announced is increasing fivefold from £1 million to £5 million in 2017-18. That investment will enable us to expand and continue to explore the issues around GP recruitment and retention across Scotland, which we know can be particularly challenging in certain areas. Within that, there are a lot of initiatives, whether that is the GP Fellows, whether it is the development of a local pool of retired GPs in Lothian, the RC GP recruitment programme, the GP returner scheme, run by NES, the new national GP recruitment website. There are a lot of local initiatives in addition to those that boards have taken forward. I hope that I can reassure Alex Cole-Hamilton that, despite some of the difficulties, a lot is being done and will be done so that we can encourage young doctors into general practice and, meanwhile, support those practices that have challenges. Alex Cole-Hamilton I thank the cabinet secretary for that answer and I am very grateful for the information that she shared with the chamber, particularly in respect of the help that is being offered by Scottish health boards to Manchester. One of the commitments of the Government's recent mental health strategy was to hire some 800 link workers at GP practices, A&E, police stations and prisons. As the health secretary knows, my party has stated our view that instead of link workers, we should seek to recruit talking therapists for GP surgeries to offer early intervention and de-escalate crisis situations. Given that one in four patients present to doctors' appointments with an underlying mental health condition, does the cabinet secretary agree that having a talking therapist on hand in a surgery would be far more useful in reducing GP workload than a link worker who may only be able to refer a patient to the back of a waiting list for psychiatric treatment? Alex Cole-Hamilton Well, let me say a couple of things about that to Alex Cole-Hamilton. First of all, the 800 staff that he described that the First Minister announced that we will be particularly focused around A&E departments, GP surgeries and indeed in the police environment in terms of not just the cells but potentially also when the police go out to a call that may involve someone with a mental health issue. Those 800 staff will be of a variety of skills and backgrounds and will be appropriate to what is needed for that setting. Alex Cole-Hamilton says that the link workers, as part of that, provide a very important role because they can often make sure that the person gets access to the right resource, whether that is a mental health voluntary organisation or a mental health service within the NHS. The link worker is doing an important job, but we will make sure that the workforce that has been described is appropriate for the skills that are required in each of those settings. Ben Macpherson Can the cabinet secretary please outline any benefits of GP practices being run directly by NHS boards? GP practices run directly by boards help to ensure continuity of care for patients and connect those practices into a wider network of services. That helps to ensure that patients continue to receive safe, effective and timely care. It can sometimes be a board's contractual choice. For example, in Orkney, half of all practices in Orkney use 2C contracts are practices run directly by boards because that has worked well for Orkney in terms of being able to provide the types of services needed by the local population. There can be benefits for practices run directly by boards, and I hope that I have been able to give Ben Macpherson some examples of that. I associate myself with the comments of Alex Cole-Hamilton about last night's events. I likewise welcome the information just given by the cabinet secretary about assistance. Given that 1 in 20 GP surgeries are now under the control of a health board, that will inevitably lead to additional costs that require to be borne by health boards across Scotland. Has the Scottish Government quantified that expenditure, and is the cabinet secretary satisfied that health boards are able to meet those costs? Yes, we are satisfied that the health boards are able to meet those costs because, obviously, we have been expanding the resources going into primary care. I described the investment in my initial answer for 2017-18 of an additional £71.6 million, but that provides the first stage of a commitment to providing an extra £250 million in direct support of general practice per year by 2021 as part of a wider £500 million investment. Of course, the health board would be contracting with the GPs to provide those services if they were under the independent contractor status, so they would be funding that through a different route than they would be if they were providing those services directly through the health board. I hope that I can give Donald Cameron assurance that we are working with boards to make sure that, whether it is through independent contracting or whether it is through direct provision of services through health boards, that we are committed to ensuring that every community has access to good quality primary care services. My son is eight years old. I have seen the joy in his face at a concert, and I can only begin to imagine the tragedy that is going through every single family in Manchester. I also want to put on record our thanks to all our amazing NHS first responders. People naturally run away from danger. Those first responders run towards danger to help and care for their fellow citizens. One of the issues that are raised regularly by GPs is around the obligations that they feel about running a business practice rather than purely caring for patients and one of those conditions is around looking after a property. One of the requests that often comes is that, through the GP contract process, if the health boards can take responsibility for the properties and let the GPs get on with running the practice, is that something that has been actively considered as part of the GP contract process? Can I thank Hanna Sabar first of all for his earlier remarks? For his question, he may be aware that the GP premises short-life working group reported in December of last year, and the group recommended that the Scottish Government recognise and support a long-term shift that gradually moves general practice towards a model that does not presume GPs own their practice premises. We are implementing the recommendations of that short-life working group and is moving to that service model. We are going to issue a code of practice to guide health boards when deciding whether to purchase a GP-owned property or take on some or all of the contractor's responsibilities under an existing lease. We are going to be issuing revised premises directions and carry out a nationwide survey of all GP premises to better understand the challenges facing the state. Is something that we very much recognise and are working closely with the BMA and others to move forward on that issue? To ask the Scottish Government what action it is taking to improve cycling infrastructure in light of recent research by Sustrans Scotland, which highlighted that T-junctions and roundabouts possess the highest number of collisions. Transport Scotland welcomes the report, which helps to inform our partnership work with local authorities and Sustrans to make our roads and cycle network safer by tackling dangers roundabouts. Junction local authorities are funded through cycling walking safer streets and are encouraged to apply to Sustrans Scotland for further Scottish Government funding through the community links and street design projects for exactly those type of junctions and roundabouts. Our road safety Scotland framework to 2020 mid-term review identifies cyclists as a key priority area. Through our programme for government, we are committed to maintaining the record levels of funding in active travel, which includes capital funding for improving infrastructure. Alexander Stewart I thank the minister for that answer. The minister will be aware that in my region of Mid Scotland and Fife, Dunfermlyn and Perth have been named among the top 20 cycling collision hotspots in Scotland. Can I ask the minister why the Scottish Government was overseeing cuts to cycling infrastructure? I just have to clarify that misinformation from the member was sure unintentionally that, as I said in my previous answer, we have record levels of funding in active travel, which is £39.2 million per year to 2021. There is a record level of investment. I know that other members across the chamber will no doubt want us sometimes to go further than that. Where there is additional expenditure that I can find that can be spent on active travel, I will certainly do that. In terms of the region that the minister represents, it would be worth highlighting some of the successful projects that have been funded, many of them through Sustrans, which we again helped to fund. In Fife and Cowdenbeath, we have the place-making scheme, which is the redesign of the town centre junctions. We will improve access. We are looking at other Rothys Road improvements to the Tukun crossing, which included money from Sustrans. That has community links funding of £870,000. Carnegie Avenue has a shared use path of 1.2 kilometres of new 2.5m to 3m shared use paths for the extension of the Clyde Dunfer on the Network. There is a lot of funding going into Mid Scotland and Fife. I would encourage local authorities, many of them with new administrations, many of them with existing administrations, to work with Sustrans, where there needs to be an improvement on the basis of the Sustrans report and bid for the community links projects and funding that is available. Alexander Stewart. I thank the minister for that answer. I also thank him for identifying areas across my region that are being tackled, but there are still areas of minister that require to be tackled. Some additional support such as traffic lights and other quality infrastructure around roundabouts and T-junctions have proven to reduce accidents and fatalities. Many cyclists have endured serious injury or even death because of the areas that they have had to endure. Can I ask the Government once again to clarify exactly what they are attempting to bring forward? As you say, minister, in some parts it seems to be working, but in other parts it is not. I thank the member for that follow-up question. The report was commissioned because we had good analysis and good data on where some of the cycling hotspots and injury hotspots were on our trunk road network. What we did not have data for and what Sustrans thought was eminently sensible was to gather some of that data for local roads. That was the whole purpose of having conducted that exercise. Now that we have the evidence, we are in discussions with Sustrans about what other schemes are, as well as a community link scheme, which I have talked about. We are discussing with him whether there are merits, for example, to have a community link junction improvement scheme. That scheme might be something that would be of interest to local authorities. My strongest advice to the member would be that he continues to engage with the local authority and that I know that he knows well. Look at the evidence base that Sustrans have provided and continue to apply to the current programme of funding that exists exactly for that type of infrastructure. If there are other funds that are available, I will make sure that the member is made fully aware of them. However, there is a part of funding there that is available to try exactly to help. I think that with the evidence base that the report helpfully gives us, that would make their case very strong indeed. Thank you very much. Apologies to members. There is not enough time for additional supplementaries. The next item of business is a debate on motion 5655 in the name of Julian Martin. We will just take a few moments for members to change seats.


If I may, I think we will start. This is one of those rare occasions when I think the panel is going to be daunted by its audience. There's almost as much expertise on all of this out there amongst you as there is up here on the panel. Particularly delighted to see that Yan Eliason has just joined us and Yan. I want you to know that there is a job to retire Deputy Secretary-General, pan saberleidwch ar ychydig. Felly ddim yn gwzirio ar y ti'r bwysig. Ond yma ymlaeth o'r bobl yn ddiweddol y panalysau ac yn ddigon o'r yrwyddiadau ymlaen i'w ddweud o dyn ni'r prydysgrifennu, o'r cyllidion gwybod nôl o'r Anonidela Penar, sy'n credu unrhyw rwyddiad ymlaen i seriol ffattuol, ymlaen i seriol. Anonidela. Yn ni, rwy'n fawr, Tewch chi i lywod ar gyfer y project Syria ar y ôl ar gyfosi'r panel, ac mae'n ddod o bod yn lle yw hwn connectio i ddweudio o hyn. Mae angen ni'n gwaith chi'n glasferu, wrth gwrz yna'r rhyngwlad wedi cael risio yn cael hyn. Roedd e'n rhaid o gyddi ifanc neu rhaid o'r cyffin eich cyfosi, a chydweithio chi'n cyffinledigio yn masgwyd. Yn ymgylch arall, mae'n cael arweth yn cyfrannu. I'm going to move on to another video of the same day off of YouTube. There was a number of videos from that day. I think we would all agree that should be seen, but as you see, it's only had 138 views on YouTube. Similarly another day, the same day again, extraordinary material out there. 527 views. So, the point is that this is a conversation that is not being heard and needs to get a lot louder. I know that a lot of people in this room are interested and concerned about this issue, but the goal here now is to really get more people involved. Finally, just to point out this is a neighbourhood, the refugees are not able to go back and this is why it's so crucial that we consider how we help them. Thank you very much. Great. Nonni, thank you. Well, we've got an extraordinary group of people up here. If anybody can tell us why the efforts to meet the humanitarian needs of the people of Syria are not succeeding, it's this group of individuals each in their way at the coal face on this, a foreign minister of a critical neighbour, the High Commissioner for Refugees, Valerie Amos, the head of OCHA, the coordinator of all UN and other international assistants to Syria, Ruba, a young Syrian living in Lebanon doing a huge amount in the camps for Syrians who are now in exile, and Peter Marra, the head of that extraordinary organisation, the International Committee of the Red Cross. So, I hope we're going to have a very frank discussion of why we're not able to do a better job to overcome this terrible situation, which so many people are describing as certainly the worst crisis of its kind of this century, worse since Rwanda, some people say worse since Cambodia, others. The numbers are astonishing and added to just the sheer sort of physical violence is increasingly the humanitarian violence of people denied food or medical assistance. In that action, perhaps as many lives at risk as there have been from the violence itself in that combination, it reminds some of us of the Democratic Republic of Congo when it descended into civil war. With that, if I may foreign minister, I'm going to start with you because Turkey is on the edge of this, I suspect hugely frustrated at times. Why can't we do more on the humanitarian side? Yes, that's a very important question. Of course we can easily say that this humanitarian tragedy in Syria today is the worst after the Second World War. In all the wars in Middle East in the last 60 years, there were less casualties even in the 67 war or Lebanese war, the 48-year war. Syria is the worst except Iranian Iraqi war. Now we have to, why we have this, one simple answer, very simple but very important. Despite of this fact that this is the biggest humanitarian tragedy, in last three years there was no single UN Security Council resolution regarding humanitarian situation on the ground. There is no single binding resolution for the regime who created this humanitarian tragedy and binding for all the member countries of UN. So the international community did not do a necessary job for this. Yesterday I was in Montreal, I came from Montreal to here and in my statement I started my statement referring to girls. One was last week we were together with Antonio Guterres and neighboring countries ministers in a camp in Turkey humanitarian camp.  Another girl in the hospital in the camp was, her leg was amputated, 16, 17 years old girl. You have many similar cases. We have three categories in this humanitarian tragedy. One is refugees. Refugees are the most luckiest one to be frank. Because at least for example in Turkey of course in other countries Jordan, Lebanon and Iraq they have a safe haven. In Turkey we have 700,000 refugees, 200,000 in camps, 500,000 in cities, in almost all cities of Turkey and Antonio was with us there. We tried to do our best to these refugees. We spent 2.5 billion US dollars. If necessary we will do more because they are our brothers and sisters. Regardless of their ethnic or religious background, not important, we will do more. We have 16, 17 camps now. The camp which we went was for 15,000 refugees. But they are lucky because at least they have everything, meal, safe haven, medicine. 8,465 new babies were born in these refugee camps who do not know when they will go back home. But the second IDPs inside Syria, the second category, they are not as lucky as the refugees because they don't know where to stay. They don't know when they will be attacked and there is no channel for us to reach them. When we realize the refugees are increasing, we established another policy last year to send food and medicine inside Syria. We spent until now around 300 million US dollars sending convoys inside where at least there is a security to reach them. But around 7 million IDPs, we don't know exactly the number, 2.5 million refugees. The solution for them is humanitarian convoys and access. But for this we need a UN Security Council resolution. Just to conclude, the worst group is those who are in neighborhoods where regime is implementing starvation strategy. They are the purpose, they are not only victims of escape but the purpose of the regime is to kill them because of the absence of food and medicine. And I am sure all of you saw the pictures, the photo evidences endorsed by international jurists and investigators. 55,000 photo evidences we have now, 11,000 people were killed by systematic torture and by starvation strategy. This is middle-aged mentality and again I want to conclude with one thing. Despite of this, I said yesterday in Montreal, I said several times in UN Security Council meetings and in all UN forum, Valerie Amos, Antonio Guterres, we were begging for one UN Security Council resolution. There was no single UN Security Council resolution, there was only one presidential statement which is not binding. If UN doesn't, I mean I don't mean UN humanitarian agencies, we respect very much. They are doing excellent job. And we are grateful to Antonio Guterres being with us in camp, we are grateful to Valerie Amos and all humanitarian agencies of UN, they are doing, but the political, without the political binding decision or resolution, they cannot do much. What we need is an urgent UN Security Council resolution binding for all the parties regardless of their positions, for all the countries that this starvation strategy must stop, humanitarian convoys should and humanitarian access must be allowed. Without that, all good intentions of UN agencies or Red Cross, Red Crescent, us as neighbouring countries will not be helping much because the tragedy is too huge to help from distance. Why are we not able to do more for those who fled? First and foremost, let me also say, as Ahmed Awdoglu just mentioned, I do believe that the ramification of lack of consensus in the international community for a clear humanitarian activity in Syria is the ramification in which we all operate and which is the main political reason behind the lack of access of the humanitarian aid. I also agree with Ahmed that the besieged areas are the worst off in terms of assistance. Nevertheless, we do try from within Syria to negotiate access. We are at the present moment in a vicious circle or in a downward spiral where poor security, restrictions by the government and lack of acceptance on some of the armed groups create a climate in which it is almost impossible to get into besieged areas. Sometimes it comes as open political objections. Sometimes it comes as bureaucratic obstacles to go into. Sometimes it comes when we have filled in 50 not verbal and 30 requests and we have all green lights to go in, we are stopped at roadblocks and convoys have to return. This is the reality. So at the present moment it's difficult because we don't have access to make objective assessments. We don't have access to bring assistance according to objective assessment in those places we need it most. We don't have access to the core mandate of ICRC which is protection of civilians and prisoners. We are not in the prisons neither in the detention centres in Syria despite the fact that the Syrian president has promised me more than a year ago that we would have access according to our rules as we apply them in more than 80 countries of the world. We have poor implementation of commitments from all sides in that conflict. Many promises and no implementation of those promises on the ground. So it's many factors with which we are confronted. And then of course the problems sharpen around certain specific issues. We are able to do a great water and sanitation programme in Syria reaching all Syrians in all parts of Syria. We are still able to do a reasonable food distribution programme despite all those obstacles. But at the present moment we do not have any agreement in the dynamic of the actors on the ground and the armed actors on the ground official as well as armed forces with regard to medical assistance to the Syrians. This is the time bomb which preoccupies us most. It's an epidemiological problem in terms of epidemics spreading but it's a public health problem for Syrians and internally it's placed in Syrians and it's a time bomb for the region because viruses do not stop at borders and health issues do not stop at borders. These are just some of the elements of restrictions with which we are confronted. We will continue, and I've just been in Damascus a week ago, we will continue to try the best we can to negotiate spaces where a little bit something can trickle in but it's terribly difficult. We have certain minimal standards that we have achieved in many other conflicts of the world. Focal points with chains of commands on both sides of military operations which would allow us to get in contact with the respective persons in charge of populations and territories. We don't have it in Syria. It's a much more complicated way on mounting an operation. We'll come back to elements of that. Thank you Peter Valerio, you've just caught my eye. I just wanted to add something to Peter, all of which I agree with but as someone who remembers Bosnia, Rwanda, all these other conflicts where as a world we kept saying never again we're never going to allow this to happen. I am deeply frustrated as I think all of my colleagues on the humanitarian side are by the fact that we are in 2014, we have all this information, all of this media, we all want to put the people of Syria first and yet you have this stasis on the political side by the international community which is basically dragging down our work and despite all that data, information, everything else, the huge numbers which people just can't grapple with when we talk about millions. I mean all these millions represent children, they represent women, they represent men. You have got these differences particularly on the Security Council but across the international community globally that is just making action almost impossible and I find it, just as a citizen, leave aside my job as a citizen, I find it impossible that we're in January 2014 and this is the position that we're in. But you listen to this, decent, dedicated people, everybody trying to, with all their staff in the country and region, trying to do as good a job as they can and yet being the first to acknowledge it's not good enough. What do you feel? First of all I want to introduce myself, my name is Rubam Haeson, I'm a Syrian Lebanese and I'm the founder of SOA for Development and AIDA. We've been working for two years with Syrian refugees in Lebanon. Well I'm a Syrian as I said and I'm one among only three Syrians participating in the World Economic Forum but today I'm not representative of the Syrian youth in my country and why do I say that because today I'm not under shelling, I'm not waiting in a two month queue outside UNHCR door, today I'm not in my grave, I'm not mourning a close family member although I lost myself a lot of family members but I'm not in prison or in a refugee tent. Today my stomach is full after 200 days of besieged Ymwg camps where Palestinian Syrians are dying in hunger in 2014. In 10 or 15 years from today if we don't collectively act upon this and yes we can there will be no Syrian to sit in my place because the Syrians who were expected to be sitting in my place will either be suffocating, suffering from psychosocial problems, out of schooling or simply just striving to achieve the minimum basic needs like a loaf of bread. In all honesty it was not easy decision for me to be sitting here when I was invited because when I read the question of the panel what more can the international community do to respond to the Syrian humanitarian crisis I thought as if the international community has done enough as if the international community has exhausted all their options as if the international community is working alone and without local actors and well I think the answer is no. There a lot is expected. The question is what can we do? What can we start doing and how can we do it better? But today I'm here at the end of the day and I think it's a very good opportunity for all of us to think ahead. I mean so far just hearing three of the speakers I'm already in despair but I'm here to give hope to this panel you know because as we are all part of the problem we're also all part of the solution and maybe we should be forward looking instead of just saying. So this is why I'll be very brief in presenting a problem and a very quick solution from a grassroot perspective, from a Syrian local perspective. The first point I want to highlight that has been highlighted by Prime Minister and also picked up by others is the importance of peace and the importance of stopping the shelling and opening safe passageways to besieged civilian places. Now this is something that I can highlight but that others can't because I'm not in a position where I can do something very influential about it but others are. Well there is no UN Security Council resolution yet. What are we all doing? Aren't we all supposed to be lobbying for one? All and I mean all. Everyone sitting here, Berners, Imams, Degutas and everyone sitting in this room. Aren't we all supposed to be forming some sort of civil society or international community lobbying for it? So the solution for that will be to create a lobby group and the World Economic Forum I think is an excellent platform to start such a lobby. We will not be able to lobby maybe the government straight away but we can lobby the UN Security Council to do something about it. And so Berners, Mr Guterres and everyone on this panel, I think how many more field assessment should be done? How many times will a Syrian family answer the same questions from 10 or 20 or 100 NGOs before they receive support? How many more will their dignities be in question? You know every time they have to answer where are you from? Are you with or against the government? How did you leave your country before being able to get support? Now my second point, which I will also, so the field assessment point, I go to the UN agencies who are supposed to be doing field updates, putting them on the website all the time and they have been doing that indeed. By why isn't it being picked up and used by other organisations? We should ask ourselves is it an issue of visibility or of credibility when the NGOs have been repeating the same field assessment and wasting all the money and the time and the dignity of the refugees, re-repeating it? When will we be moved to implementation? Which brings me to my second point about the importance of grassroots initiatives, like ours, like self-redevelopment aid and like many others who have been burgeoning now after 40 years of not being able to act. Local initiatives have been able to act now in the light of the revolutions, so we should be sitting on the table when a decision like 40% of aid is decreased because the vulnerability target group has changed. We should be sitting on the table deciding what the vulnerability criteria is because we are on field and we are Syrians and we know what we want. We want to keep repeating the mistakes of development. We should be determining our own need and we should be. So the solution for bringing the grassroots initiatives and the locals in is very simple. I mean, we've all studied it in development, but I will repeat it here. The solution is to create a platform in which grassroots and international donors will be in touch without a thousand intermediary. I don't want to fill forms to other NGOs who will fill it to other NGOs who will fill it to other NGOs to get one foot basket for one family refugee. I think this is something in the world economic forum. We should start creating a network of grassroots actors alongside with policy makers, journalists. Everyone is welcome on this to start creating better ways of doing field assessments, better way of implementing those field assessments and better way of getting the grassroots initiatives voices heard. Thank you very much. I think you've touched a chord. Antonio, I know you want to say something about the camps in the countries around Syria and how we can support that. But I'm afraid I do have an old UNHCR veteran myself. When I was a field officer in UNHCR, we would have run a million miles away from the Security Council resolution. That wasn't in those days how it operated because the Security Council was always too political and deadlocked. We operated under again international law, basic mandates. I mean, do you think it's right to defer to the Security Council on all of this? Shouldn't we, if the Security Council won't act as humanitarians act on our own? Well, I think that both ways are necessary. I think there is an advocacy in relation to the Security Council or the key international actors. And I think that each one of us should be able to do in cooperation, in coordination, everything we can on the ground. And we are trying to do it. And we are risking the lives of our people to do it. We had all of our organizations that people died in the line of duty in the region. But it's also important to underline that the international community has failed in my opinion in three aspects. First, in three years it has failed to bring peace to Syria. Second, it has failed to create a package of confidence building measures that both sides can respect for access to the people to be possible. And third, it has failed in showing enough solidarity with the countries that are in the front line and are receiving now, according to the government's estimates, more than 3 million people. We have here an honorable minister of Turkey, two honorable ministers of Jordan. Let me start by Lebanon. Lebanon has today 900,000 Syrian registered refugees. But if you count all Syrians in Lebanon, it's probably about one fourth of the Lebanese population today. The conflict is peeling over into Iraq into Lebanon. So it's not only a question of the enormous economic and social and demographic impact of the refugees is the huge security impact of the Syrian crisis as a whole on the countries around. And in Lebanon we know how fragile the political situation is and how much the spillover of the conflict is causing victims inside the country. Now, if one looks at the situation in Lebanon and compare it with the rest of the world, it would mean for Germany to receive 17 million refugees. It would mean for the US to receive 66 million refugees. It would mean for China to receive 280 million refugees. If one looks at Jordan, Jordan will probably spend in the end of 2014 the costs of the refugee presents probably $2.8 million. Turkey has already spent $2.5 billion. According to the World Bank, the impact in the Lebanese economy will be about $7.5 billion in the end of the year. Now, the truth is that international community has not been showing enough support to these countries. And they need not only the refugees themselves, not only the humanitarian agencies that need to be supported, the countries themselves in their programs, because this is no longer only a humanitarian problem for them. It's a development problem, a structural problem. They need massive financial support, but they also need a different attitude of burden sharing. It is unacceptable to see other borders closed to Syrian refugees and some Syrians being pushed back in other borders. It's unacceptable to see a Syrian family drowning in the Mediterranean because they have no direct access to Europe where they should be able to find safety without any problems. It is necessary for all other borders to be opened. It's necessary for an enhanced program of resettlement, humanitarian admission. It's necessary to have much more positive visa policies in relation to Syrians around the world, to have humanitarian efforts in relation to family reunification. So, massive financial support, but also the capacity to show to these countries that the refugee problem is not only a responsibility of the neighboring countries, it's a responsibility of the whole of the international community, and that even knowing that the majority will be there, all the others need to be able to share the burden. Mark, can I just... I really wish it were an issue of mandates, and I really wish that there were an overarching mandate, a humanitarian mandate, a human rights mandate, that trumped the political. The reality is, I go and sit to negotiate, for example, with the Syrian government, they have my mandate in front of me, which says the sovereignty of the state. So, to get to those people who are absolutely suffering in northern Syria across the border from Turkey, to roll the convoys over state sovereignty. So, the overarching humanitarian mandate that would allow us to do what is absolutely necessary is not there. Responsibility to protect after Rwanda, which was part of trying to create that, even that is almost impossible to implement without the agreement of the countries. The rights upfront agenda, which is squarely about putting human rights in the centre of what we, just as the United Nations does, really making that a reality in the countries in which we work, it's incredibly constraining. So, yes, we need to move to a position where the humanitarian and human rights dimensions are the overarching dimensions that actually mean that we could take the action required, but we are not there. Well, let me just one follow up to that and start thinking of questions and comments, because I'm going to turn to you all shortly. One follow up. I expected that answer, obviously. But, you know, if that's the case, and if the presidential statement, which has so many of the right words and concepts in it, is really an empty piece of paper that the Syrian government feels it can ignore. Well, what's the message we should send from this session today to the negotiators of Geneva 2? Because, you know, one hears that there's a little bit of ambivalence about muddling the political with allowing people to divert it into the humanitarian. Well, I think to many of us, the political sadly is going to take quite a time. The humanitarian is now. It's people dying literally as we meet. Should we be sending anything we can do to make those negotiators ensure that even if they don't yet make fantastic quick progress on the political, they don't leave their talks till they've got absolutely unequivocal agreement that there will be a Security Council resolution and that the whole of the international community will support it? There's one absolutely unambiguous message in my view, which is putting the people front and centre, because we all know war has its own logic, both sides, the multiple sides actually in Syria, all think they can win so nobody wants to stop. The issue of access making sure that we are able to go wherever we wish, regardless of who actually is in control of that area. Obviously there are security implications because you have some very extreme groups operating, but the reality is we've worked in Somalia, we've worked in Afghanistan. I make this point all the time. Humanitarian work is about working in insecure environments. So let's not use the security issue as an excuse. An unambiguous and very clear message, which is that we are able to go wherever we wish and we determine the issues around security so we can get to those people who absolutely need our help is the most important thing. But can I just say one other thing? I think it's really hard for us to get the messaging right, because there is so much that we have not been able to do. But I do think we have to pay tribute to those humanitarian workers. Let me talk about inside Syria. Antonio talked about what's happening outside Syria. Peter talked about inside Syria. We've got people working day in, day out. The World Food Programme is feeding three and a half million people. Ten million people able to get clean drinking water because of the work of UNICEF and others. Millions of children vaccinated against polio. We know it's not enough, but we have been able to do that. So yes, it's right to criticise us that we have not done enough. But please don't forget what we have also been able to do. A very fair point, Valerie. Antonio. I think that there is an appeal I would like to make. We know Security Council is always a complex thing to get a consensus in the Security Council. The world is divided. It's clear for me. But there should be a way to bring together the key stakeholders, those countries that are directly or indirectly involved in the conflict, that will not agree easily on a political solution. We know. But at least they could agree on a package of the confidence building measures in which access should be a central one. And put their influence over the parties they are supporting in order to make sure that those confidence building measures would be in fact implemented. It's not enough to have a declaration. And it wouldn't probably be enough to have a Security Council resolution. I think it's important that those that are key stakeholders in this conflict come really together on these, knowing that probably they will not be able to come together on the political solution. Can I just, it's really important that we don't just say a Security Council resolution. Because if you don't have the mechanisms to implement it, it makes absolutely no difference. We have had a Security Council resolution on access to South Codify and Blue Nile in South Sudan for months. We're still not there. We're still not there. Because we don't have backing it up. Anything clear in that resolution as to what the sanctions would be if it doesn't happen. So not just a resolution on its own. What comes with it? UN Security Resolution creates a norm, a value. Therefore it is a must to start. It is not everything. But I am really very frustrated. In several international political meetings as well as fora like these, we made this appeal. Not as a neighbouring country suffering because of all these humanitarian issues, but also as ordinary human being. In several UN Security Council meetings, three UN General Assembly passed in the last three years. And there was a special UN Security Council meeting which we called for on refugees. Nothing serious happened. Why? Because of the difference of opinion. But this political. In the last UN General Assembly, I met with all my colleagues of P5. I told them the chemical weapons resolution on chemical weapons was on the agenda. I backed them. Forget your differences. Put one paragraph on this resolution on humanitarian issue. They promised later we will have a stronger UN Security Constitution, but a presidential statement came which is not binding. So there is no agreed UN norm on this. But second important issue here is global awareness. When we met with Antonio Gutierre, Antonio in Geneva, what we call is global awareness. Unfortunately, not only the states, but also the public opinion makers everywhere in the world. Because in Western world, in Europe, in the United States, the most important criteria is public opinion. But unfortunately, such a global awareness was not being created like what happened in Bosnia or Rwanda, and I fully agree with Sister Ruba. It is not only a matter of politics of states, but here I can appeal all of you, all those representing businessmen, associations, human rights associations, etc. We should start a campaign of global awareness, which will make pressure on political authorities. As a minister of foreign affairs, I am telling you I am ready to receive any pressure on me to do more in the name of Turkey. We are ready. Make more pressure on us. More and more pressure by civil society is needed today. Otherwise, we don't want to intervene, Syria is a mess. But this is a humanitarian issue. The photo evidence appeared three days ago. We didn't see any strong global response seeing all these pictures. The problem of those who are negotiating, I was there for Syrian opposition or Syrian national coalition, there is no problem. They want to have immediate humanitarian access everywhere. But the problem is the regime. And what is the, those who are supporting the regime hiding behind the concept of sovereign of state. But the humanity is dying, they are referring to sovereign of state. State is for human beings, not human beings are for the state.  Why do we need state if there is no human being living in a country? And this should be, we have to create more pressure on all international organizations and on all governments who are claiming to defend sovereign of state rather than human beings on earth. Thank you. I'm really keen to get people in, but Peter, you'd asked for the floor and I mean we have Rubar a last word, but both of you really quick so we can get questions. Well, I certainly agree about the limitations of the international normative framework from sovereignty to lack of responsibility to protect lack of security council resolutions. But there is one issue which make this conflict specific in comparison with many others. And this is the unwillingness and difficulty to negotiate practical arrangement pending consensus in the international community. We don't find practical arrangements at the present moment despite the pressure of needs with which we are confronted. And this is particularly bad. Secondly, we have talked a lot about access. And I would like to add that for me a correlate to access is presence. ICRC has asked for two years now to be able to be present in all parts of Syria within the offices of the Syrian Arab Red Crescent, but with our own international personnel. We have achieved one agreement for Aleppo where we are present and people with the local community and with grassroots organization can at least contribute something and we haven't received any agreements for any other place in Syria than Aleppo. I'm going to put a question to you, which will throw you off probably what you want to say, but something really important, which has been said here that footage at the beginning only 500 people had bothered to watch it. You know, you've heard it from people up here. They need to have public opinion behind them to push the security council to act. People need to be really angry about what's going on in the way we all used to be really angry about Darfur or Bosnia. I still wear a little green armband, which says never again going back to Darfur and before that Bosnia. There's none of that sense of outrage in the world today about Syria. Can you say something about that? Because, you know, this is for young people everywhere, which is the other thing you're part of. How do we get them to respond and support? To be honest, I haven't seen a single person who isn't outraged at what's happening in Syria, but I think these people like me can only do so much as a grassroots initiative. I was enraged two years ago. I started a grassroots initiative. It's now reaching so many people, but I am not in a position of power enough to do a big change. Everyone is enraged. Everyone is getting their voices out. I disagree with you on that, but I think the people who should be doing something about it should do more effort and should put their hands in our hands into doing something. Second thing is we should look at this issue as a long-term issue. I mean, it's very important to look at it as now, what we can do now, the food basket that we want to deliver now, but we should also be forward-looking. Two things I want to highlight here. First of all is the empowerment through education. It's not too soon. People are in refugee camps out of schooling. They will be engaged in violence. It's not too soon to start these. I know they are already running sometime, but we should work into these. This is a forum for businessmen. I think there's an excellent opportunity, although Lebanon is a bit a messy country, but there's a lot of opportunity to start developmental projects with the refugees. I'm locating amazing talents inside the tents, women who do amazing things, young men who have amazing potential. The second thing I want to say and I want to keep emphasizing that point is ownership, ownership of grassroot organization, ownership of the locals, ownership of the Syrian people. This is something that I will keep and keep emphasizing. You guys need the Syrians as much as they need you. We have to all work together in this. Honestly, this panel sounded a lot like a Christmas wish list. I wish this, I wish that. I think it's time. We all know what should or should not be happening. We all know what are the obstacles, but I was looking forward to this panel as a source of hope to everyone in this room that something can be done. Please feel free to contact me and to start something all together. This is a great platform to start a network for monitoring international organizations who we have to report back to them when they give us a grassroot organization. They should also be monitored by us. The beneficiaries should also be monitoring the aid that is supposed to be. Every time I meet a refugee, they tell me millions and billions. It's true. I hear it on TV and everywhere. Billions are being donated to Syria. Where are they going? What can we do to better monitor this aid? What can we do to better field assessment? What can we do to put our hands into each other's hands and turn these people into, instead of just continuing with the emergency relief, which is very important, especially inside Syria. The more important thing today is to start to look into the future, how this aid can be used to empower these people to be their own voices. Thank you very much. Lots of questions. I'm going to start with Annie Sparrow, who's written about Syria for the New York Review of Books. Quickly, Annie. My name is Dr Annie Sparrow and I've also worked in Afghanistan and Somalia. Very difficult places. I've been documenting the destruction, the deliberate destruction of the healthcare system. What we're seeing now is the outbreak of polio in a country which hasn't seen polio for 18 years. It's a very perfect indicator of the catastrophe that we are seeing, which you mentioned too. The public health disaster that's a confluence of the political preference scene of vaccination for years now before the war. Let's not forget there are good reasons for a revolution in the first place. With the confluence of the war, the ruthless attacks on civilians, forcing millions to live in crowded conditions, forcing the spread of infectious disease, starting with things like measles, diarrheal disease, typhoid and now polio, which the regime very successfully covered up for a long time until facilitated by the Turkish government, it was brought to light and yet still, yet still we are only told about 17 cases, there's somewhere between 80 and as many as 250. This is a radical global threat that requires a global response. It requires much more than vaccination. It requires the safe water that 4 million minimum are in need of as documented by Ocha. Ocha, it requires a massive nutritional response because we know whether the cases that are actually shown by the, admitted by the Ministry of Health in Syria or the cases that have been confirmed through the assistance coalition unit that 35 to 40% of these kids have been vaccinated, which shows that either they haven't been vaccinated effectively or it's very compromised by the level of malnourishment. My point being that there are massive humanitarian needs now that polio reflects and that is required because it's only going to get worse. Can I stop there to say this? Would you mind just because we give it to Ken just as a sub Ken quick? You wanted it, you were looking and then we'll come across the aisle. Well to pick up where any left off. I think we all recognize, I mean the Syrian government is not dumb. They know the difference between a presidential statement and a Security Council resolution and that's why you're not able to move around to where you need to move. So I think the real question is how do we get a Security Council resolution? I take your point, Baroness, that a resolution without enforcement is meaningless. Russia has shown it's capable of enforcing via the chemical weapons resolution. So how do we get the resolution? We actually have a window of opportunity between now and Sochi because Putin has shown himself to care about his reputation. He doesn't want to be known as the guy who's underwriting mass murder and mass deprivation in Syria. It had ruined his Sochi party. So how do we make it happen? I'd like to know, Baroness, Amos, why not every week at the Security Council stand up and say, Russia, why are you preventing this resolution? None of this is vaguely the Security Council. Russia, we know who the problem is. Minister, I would tell you why don't you get you and your colleagues to speak out and blame Russia day in and day out for blocking the resolution that would open the borders to the massive humanitarian assistance that's required. Let's put the blame where it lies. Okay, a few more. My name is Abdel Salam Haikal. I'm a Syrian. First of all, I'd like to make sure that the proposal that Truba made will be picked up and she's available definitely after with her two colleagues, Bessam and Forat, the three Syrians that are representing Syrian youth at the World Economic Forum. That said, I think the humanitarian case of Syria is going to continue to snowball as long as the political stalemate is there. And I think it's a possibility that we use it as a Trojan horse to break the impasse. Otherwise, we'll find ourselves here again discussing the crisis that is even much larger. If we're seeing today symptoms of Syria fatigue in the international community with donors, with international organizations, what are going to face when the number of refugees is larger, with the number of IDPs in the country is larger, and when the money that we have collected and gathered so far are becoming diminished by the day. So I think we need to break the impasse through using the humanitarian case as a Trojan horse. Otherwise, we're going to be here again and again and again designing a solution that is fit to the regime or that is fit to the wishes and whims of people that don't want to see a political resolution is not going to lead really to a sustainability of any humanitarian response that we achieve. I'd like to introduce myself. My name is Ziyad Mobsut. I'm from Lebanon. I totally agree with what has been mentioned about Lebanon. In fact, I don't want to get in politics. But a question to the international organization I know from my colleagues that they are quitting their jobs in private companies to go to work for the UNHCR and all those international organizations because they give very high salaries. That's a question. Why 30-40% of the grants are going to salaries and administrative affairs while you have people like Ruba volunteers and I also know many others. Without salaries, all are volunteers without salaries. Some people can do that work for God's sake, for humanitarian sake. Why do we need to spend 40% on salaries? I hear you. Hello. My name is Hurat Al-Hattab. I'm a Syrian activist. First of all, I want to thank you all for raising up the issue of Syria about what we're talking about. Myself, as a Syrian, I believe in empowering the Syrian people. For that, I want to raise three points. Maybe we mentioned them. First of all, empowering the Syrian initiatives that are working on the ground because they have low costs, very low costs. They don't have the administrative costs with all respect to UN, but they have lower costs. They have much more effectiveness. They work faster if there's no bureaucracy. If there's a problem, they solve it once at a time. Also, there is a Syrian or a refugee who is helping a refugee. So you are actually putting a circle of people helping each other, getting back their dignity and losing your dignity. It's much harder than not getting a meal per day. It's much harder, trust me. The second thing I want to talk about is empowering the people who are in Syria doing their work in human rights or aid. I know a lot of people from Red Cross volunteers or Red Crescent who have been killed or shot down or they have been imprisoned doing their work, doing their humanitarian work. Maybe we need to actually give them support. They are in the field doing something. Maybe they feel that there is someone who is supporting them while they are doing what they are doing. The third thing I really want to stress out is I believe that aid is not just a meal or a food basket. It's also education. I myself, I got scholarship from the Asferi Foundation five years ago to the AUB, American University of Beirwt. It actually opened a lot of doors to me. I think education for the young Syrians who do not have universities, who do not have education is very important. I call for all the people who have the power to actually get the Syrians to study anywhere in the places in Cairo, Lebanon, Turkey, Jordan, or even outside. Please empower the Syrian youth. In three years or four years, you will have someone who is part of the problem, who is a refugee. Now he is part of the solution. He is helping out his people. Thank you so much. This was a very rich discussion. I'm going to add in just before coming back to the panel a comment that many in this room will sympathise with, which has come in over the internet. Where are the Syrian women at the Geneva Peace Talks? It's pretty obvious that both from the panel here and from the comments that have come in from the floor, this is an issue that women care hugely about. I think it's one of those issues where they can't understand quite why the boys with toys, the guns and those managing the political process just cannot allow some simple humanity to come into this. To try and save the lives of the men, women and children who are caught up in a conflict that is not of their making. Please, all of you, we've got five minutes to go. We need to sum up at the end, not least to respect Ruber's point that this shouldn't stop in this hall today. There are many of us who devoted to doing whatever it takes to mobilise public opinion, whatever it takes to force the Security Council to act. I just want to touch on that in closing, but I can only do that if everybody could just be very quick in responding to what they've heard from the floor. Why don't I start with you? Yes, I want to refer to the basic value of humanitarian issues in Syria, dignity, dignity, dignity. I know many Syrian families when they escaped, they had a very high standard, life standard. They lost everything. In Turkey in our camps, we just two issues for this dignity about the salaries. What we did when we realised that we need to establish it is long term crisis schools. We established schools in all camps. Today 30,000 at least high school students are getting education in camps and around 10,000 press schools including Antonio So, press school for handicamped children. What we did, we looked for the series of the refugees and we hired teachers among the refugees. They are teaching, they are getting money, they are getting salary, and they are teaching Syrian children. If there is a need of Turkish teachers, we are sending them. Secondly, about even the meal, I mean the food. At the beginning we were giving three days meal ready for them. Later we realised it is much more natural and human for their dignity. If you give a check for them, they buy their materials and they cook in their container house. For every individual, Turkish government is giving 80 Turkish lira. If they are 10 in one family, 800, which is good enough, they don't spend anything else. No electricity, no water, clean water is everywhere. And they buy and they cook themselves. When we went there, it created a natural environment. I am not giving these examples just to praise my country. But the important thing is to act them, to behave them as your guests and they can survive themselves. And for those who are in cities for 500,000, all hospitals are open, free of charge. When they show a certificate that they are Syrian refugees, they don't pay anything. Really I am grateful to mention about Polio. It is a great threat and our minister of health prepared a project on how to go inside. If we were given chance to go inside, hundreds of Turkish doctors, thousands of Turkish human workers will go and solve this Polio problem. But because of this evil concept of sovereignty of state, we cannot go over. This is the problem. And even sometimes our Turkish students are saying we need to carry a Syrian ID so that we can get free of charge health. We will do everything, but what is more needed is how to help. I don't worry about the refugees in Turkey or others, less at least. But people who are living in these besieged neighbourhoods under starvation strategy. This is a crime against humanity. This is almost a Holocaust. And if you do not raise now, it will be too late tomorrow. Thank you very much. I mean literally half a sentence each because we're right out of time. I'm in full agreement with the accountability, the beneficiaries, and we are all involved in a project in the empowerment of people, especially empowerment of women and in the need to have a greater role for local NGOs. But it's not true that any UN organisation spends 40% with staff. It's not true. And what I can tell you is that my organisation has, in six or seven years, more than doubled its activity, tripled the activity that is done with us by local NGOs and reduced our staff in Geneva by 30%. And all UN agencies are doing the same. So we are making a huge effort to go exactly in the line that you've pointed. Yes, with respect to education and in fact that's what the whole no-loss generation campaign is about, which is about serious children and let's not lose a generation of them. 80% of our staff in Syria across all of the UN agencies are Syrians, 80%. And finally on why don't I get up and berate Russia every week. It's naive to think it's just about Russia. I would be berating a different country every week. Russia were actually the first to try to put a humanitarian resolution to the Security Council more than two years ago. Maybe I get a minute because I'm Syrian. No, anyway, there is one question and one comment that I want to make. The question is when I studied development there was one of the chapters in my book called Your Security, Their Security.  It's their security. I wish hunger was contagious. This is all I'm going to say. OK, the second thing is whenever I said the last note I want to say is that we all we have to look for the long term. I don't know about the others but I will be answering my emails. So please do get in touch. And whenever I feel despair, whenever I feel lack of hope, you know, it is always a good idea for me to take the phone and talk to someone inside Syria of my friends to get hope for them. It's always a good idea for me to go inside the camps and meet one of the women who is just asking me please I don't want any food. Just take my son to school. It is always there that we should be looking for hope. Thank you very much. Two elements. The Syrian conflict is definitely the one in which the Red Cross and the Recrecent movement has lost the largest amount of volunteers since we have statistics on losing volunteers. And the core protection of our SARC volunteers is at the very forefront of our work each and every day. Second, polio is just a phenomenon of a disintegrating health system which I consider one of the most critical aspects of the present humanitarian crisis in Syria and in the region. Peter, thank you. Thank you all to the panel. Now look just very quickly what can we take out of this. First, there are no heroes. We have to do a much better job with global public opinion, even though I'm sure Ruba is right that when people are exposed to this they're appalled. But there are NGOs in this room who with no pride at all say that they raised in two weeks for the Philippines more than they've been able to raise for three years for Syria. It is not cutting through. It's become a narrative of violence and conflict and no apparent heroes. The fact that it is actually a story of ordinary Syrians doing heroic things to try and save their nation, their family, their future has somehow got lost and we've got to restore that. But second, we cannot take no from governments. I'm very much with Valerie on this. The Russians are the obvious target and they've paved us gracefully but they're not the only ones. There are no heroes on that Security Council when it comes to this. They keep on playing politics ahead of getting a humanitarian agreement and we've got to challenge them on that starting this week with Geneva. As I say, we can't take no. We've got to go on pressing till we get it and if we don't, we've got to find ways around it. I would just observe on the Security Council at various times it's failed the world and we've gone to the General Assembly. Valerie, your mandate, whatever that official in Syria tells you, actually in the original resolution that creates the ERC is to the General Assembly. The man who wrote it would confirm that I think. There have been moments when the Security Council, which is the world's establishment at its worst in many ways, has had to be challenged by the General Assembly. We may arrive at that moment with this. Can I just suggest the following? Many of us want to see something coming out of this like came out of earlier Davos' around Bosnia and other global crises. Ruba has volunteered to be the recipient of the emails. Anyone who wants to help us as we try to form something going forward, please email her and she and I will work out how between us we can get it to the right places. There are a lot of people in this room committed to doing something. The Asfari's who are sitting here are doing a huge amount as are so many others. Let's kind of not make this just another talkathon at Davos. Let's make it one of those sessions which Davos is brilliant at producing where we go out of here determined to call the bluff of the politicians and the diplomats, break the deadlock, lift the siege of Syria. Thank you all very much.