Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar IA's Academy for the Date, 3rd of December 2019. In our today's analysis, we'll be seeing some important news articles like Purchasing Managers Index then about Carbon Trading and an editorial on AIDS. The page numbers of the news articles taken up for today's discussion is displayed here for five different editions. The handwritten notes in PDF format and the timestamping of all the news articles taken up for today's analysis is available in the description section and also in the common section for the benefit of the smartphone users. Let us now move on to our discussion. This news article is about Purchasing Managers Index, in particular the Manufacturing Purchasing Manager Index. The syllabus that is relevant to the analysis of this news article is given here for your reference. First, let us see about Purchasing Managers Index in brief and then we shall be seeing about some of the important aspects of Manufacturing PMI and finally we shall be seeing the news article. Now, coming to Purchasing Managers Index. This Purchasing Managers Index is an indicator of economic health for manufacturing as well as services sectors. See there are two Purchasing Managers Index which are released for India. One is the Manufacturing PMI and the other is the Services PMI. So both these are compiled by IHS market which is a company. This company will send questionnaires to the purchasing managers in a panel of around 400 manufacturers and it will receive responses to the questionnaires which it had sent and based on the responses the Manufacturing PMI will be calculated. Now this Manufacturing PMI is a weighted average of five figures. One is the new orders, the next is the output, the third is the employment, the fourth is the suppliers delivery times and fifth is the stocks of purchases. So based on all these parameters a weighted average will be arrived at based on which the Manufacturing PMI will be calculated. So we can tell that this Purchasing Managers Index provides an accurate and a timely set of data to understand the industry conditions. Now this data will be useful for the business decision makers and also for those purchasing professionals who plan to purchase their materials beforehand. So we can tell that Purchasing Managers Index acts as an indicator of business activity, economic health and investor sentiments. Now the key features of this Purchasing Managers Index is that it is released on a monthly basis. So the Purchasing Managers will have an idea about that industry trends on a monthly basis and one more key feature is that this particular data will not be revised after publication which makes this data reliable. This is all about Purchasing Managers Index and about Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index in brief. Now let us see the news article. Now this news article is based on the manufacturing PMI that has been released for the month of November 2019. This news article tells that the manufacturing activity has increased in the month of November. Some reasons have been given in this news article and also we shall be seeing some of the key findings for this manufacturing PMI for the month of November. Now one reason why the manufacturing activity increase in the month of November was due to the increase in the growth of new orders and also due to the increase in the growth of production. In this graph you can see the manufacturing PMI trend for the past 10 to 11 years and if you see for this month that is November the manufacturing PMI rose to a value of 51.2. If you see in October it was 50.6. Now one thing which you need to know from this graph is that a reading about the value of 50 means there is some growth activity happening in the economy. Whereas if the reading is below the value of 50 then it denotes contraction which means the economic growth is slightly lower than expected or we can also tell that the economy is not growing. Now let us see some of the key findings from this November month report. One thing which this report has told is that there is a modest increase in the sales when compared to the previous month that is the month of October but if you compare it to the earlier months in this year the sales are somewhat lower. One more key finding from this report is that the employment has fallen for the first time since March 2018. It is the first time in 20 months. Now some of the reasons have been given why the employment has fallen for the first time in 20 months because large number of companies have told that the existing workloads are being managed by the existing staff. Also if there are some people who retire then the manpower for that particular position is not being replaced which is nothing but the non-replacement of retirees and the third is that even the temporary contracts for manpower are not being renewed. So all these are some of the reasons why the employment has declined for the first time in 20 months as per this manufacturing PMI report. This is all about this news article. To summarize we have seen about purchasing managers index and then about manufacturing purchasing managers index and finally we saw the news article which discusses about the November 2019 data of this manufacturing PMI. Now have a look at the practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. This editorial is an assessment of the fight against HIV AIDS. The syllabus that is relevant to the analysis of this editorial is given you for your reference. Before moving on to the editorial first let us see about what is HIV AIDS in brief. The AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome is caused by human immunodeficiency virus that is HIV. See this HIV is a retrovirus and it kills or damages the body's immune system cells that is the immune system of the human body. There are two types of HIV one is type 1 and the other is type 2. If you see type 1 is more common in India. This AIDS is generally caused by unprotected sex with an infected partner that is with a partner who has already been infected by HIV. It may also spread through the use of infected syringes of HIV infected people and it might also spread through blood transfusions where that particular blood is infected with HIV. Now if you see the first signs of AIDS is influenza that is there will be flu like symptoms or there may be swollen glands but at times if you see symptoms might not appear. They may even appear after two or three months. Generally blood test is done to confirm the diagnosis there is no cure for this HIV AIDS but there are many medicines to fight or control the HIV infection. Before entering into the assessment that has been made by the author first let us see some of the important targets and indicators that has been mentioned by him to combat AIDS at the global level. If you see at the global level we have the sustainable development goals framework that is goal number three which deals with good health and well-being. If you remember even during our yesterday's analysis we were seeing about this goal number three when we discussed about antimicrobial resistance. Now under this sustainable development goals framework there is a target 3.3. This target 3.3 clearly asks the countries to end the epidemic of AIDS along with ending the epidemics of tuberculosis, malaria and also the neglected tropical diseases by the year 2030. So you can see that there is a target to end this AIDS. So it is almost a prevention target. One of the indicators to measure the progress that has been made in achieving the target for HIV AIDS is the number of new HIV infections per thousand uninfected population in terms of gender, age and key population. So what is this key population? In this terminology of HIV prevention and control the phrase key populations refer to those persons who are vulnerable or who are susceptible to be infected by this HIV. Now the key populations include men who have sex with other men then it might also refer to the people who use injected drugs then it includes the people who are in prisons and other closed settings and it also includes the sex workers and their clients and it also includes the transgender persons. If you see at one point in the editorial the author mentions that the risk of acquiring this HIV infection is 22 times higher in men who have sex with other men and also amongst the drug users and the risk of acquiring HIV infection is 21 times higher in sex workers and 12 times more in case of transgender persons. So this is one of the key indicators to measure the progress in achieving the target for HIV AIDS. Next if you see we have a treatment target that has been adopted through UN AIDS nothing but the joint United Nations program on HIV AIDS. This is a lead United Nations agency that coordinates the battle against HIV AIDS. Now it has a target this target is called as the 1990-90 target. What is this 1990-90 target? By the year 2020 90% of those living with HIV will know their HIV status. This is the first 90. The second 90 is 90% of all people with diagnosed HIV infection will receive sustained anti-retroviral therapy. And the third 90 is 90% of all people on such therapy will have viral suppression. So the target year is 2020 and if you see in case of the sustainable development goal target it has to be achieved by the year 2030. So these are some of the important targets and indicators that have been mentioned by the author to combat AIDS. Now where are we as a world in achieving these 2020 and 2030 targets while we near the end of this year 2019. The author has given some data and statistics to show the progress of the world in combating AIDS. Now let us see them. First the author states that much success has been achieved in the past 20 years in the global battle against AIDS. If you see between the years 2000 and 2018 and at the global level there was a reduction of 37% in the new HIV infection. The HIV related deaths fell by 45% and the lives of around 1.36 crore persons were saved because of anti-retroviral therapy. In the later part of our discussion we will be seeing what this anti-retroviral therapy is. Then if you see huge efforts were made by the medical community to develop effective drugs against combating HIV. Now these drugs became widely available across the world due to generic versions especially if you see they were generously made available by the Indian generic manufacturers. And if you see this movement was led by Yusuf Hamid. He is the chairman of generic pharmaceutical company SIPLA. Now when we say a generic drug it is nothing but an substitute for its brand name. Say for example for general fever paracetamol is taken. A branded paracetamol tablet might cost somewhere between 20 to 30 rupees but you do have the generic version of the same composition paracetamol which you will get in 1 rupee. So this 1 rupee drug is called as the generic drug. It will have all the same aspects of that of a branded drug like in terms of dosage, in terms of safety, strength or the route of administration that is like you consume in your mouth then in terms of quality then in terms of its performance characteristics and also in terms of the intended use when you compare with the branded tablets. So this is what is called as generic drug. So these generic drugs were made generously available by the Indian generic drug manufacturers. And also if you see when HIV-AIDS was found this panicked the entire world but huge financial support has been received across the world to combat this pandemic. Pandemic is nothing but a disease which occurs worldwide. And if you see the contributions were received from both public as well as private. Then if you see there were huge ignorance and stigma related to HIV but these were vigorously combated by the coalitions of HIV affected persons. And these persons were supported by several sections of civil society and also by the media. So this brought some sort of awareness about what is HIV and how it can be prevented and it also helped in preventing the stigma that was surrounding this HIV. So the affected individuals were able to handle the stigma. So one is the anti-retrobarial therapy then comes the generic drugs available for AIDS then we saw huge financial support that was received by the private and public and finally about the coalitions that helped in increasing the awareness surrounding this HIV. Now apart from this the author also discusses about the access to life-saving treatments for HIV-AIDS. If you see according to a recent report by UN AIDS out of the 3.8 crore persons were now living with HIV 2.4 crore persons are receiving anti-retrobarial therapy. This is what we saw first anti-retrobarial therapy. Now if you see the situation which was some 9 years ago at that point of time only 0.7 crore population that is only 70 lakh persons received this anti-retrobarial therapy. But now the population has increased quite large. Now let us see what is this anti-retrobarial therapy. During the start of this editorial we saw that HIV is a retrovirus. These belong to a family of viruses called as retroviride if you see. So what do we mean when we say retrovirus? It is a type of virus that uses RNA acids, genetic material. When this virus infects a cell then it uses an enzyme called as reverse transcriptase. This enzyme is used to convert its RNA into DNA that is RNA of the virus into DNA. Once it gets converted then the retrovirus integrates its viral DNA into the DNA of the host cell. In our case it is the human cell and we know human cell consists of DNA. So what can happen because of this integration? See this integration allows the retrovirus to replicate in the host body. So this is how the retrovirus starts replicating in the human body. Now this anti-retrobarial therapy will help suppressing the HIV virus and it will help in stopping the progression of HIV virus in the human body. So this is how anti-retrobarial therapy works. Now if you see this HIV virus infects the CD4 cells in the human system. These CD4 cells are protective white blood cells which indicate the health of the human system because these cells fight against infection. Now as the HIV infection progresses the immune system becomes progressively weak and this makes the individual more susceptible to other infections. Now because of this anti-retrobarial therapy the progression of these HIV virus will be stopped. So this is how the anti-retrobarial therapy works. So we can see that there are numerous efforts that have been taken worldwide to combat HIV AIDS by making sure the persons receive life-saving treatments like anti-retrobarial therapy and by use of generic drugs and also in terms of adoption of right-based approach to overcome the stigma that is associated with HIV. But are these efforts which have been taken across the world sustainable? The answer is a big no because there are certain concerns at present in combating this HIV AIDS which the author discusses next. Now let us see them. So what are the present concerns? The author says that at the global level only 19 countries are on track to reach the 2030 target. Also there are worryingly high rates of new infection in several parts of the world. So the first concern is the high rates of new infection in several parts of the world. Now one distressing fact that needs to be noted is that these new infections are among a significant number of young populations. So it is those young population who are more susceptible to this HIV infection at present. The next concern is the gaps in the service provision at various levels to combat HIV infection. That is proper health care services are not being provided. Now due to these gaps around 7.7 lakh HIV affected persons died in the year 2018 and around 17 lakh persons were newly affected as per the author. The next concern which the author has raised is that in some regions such as Central Asia and Eastern Europe have had a setback in containing HIV infection although improvements have been noted in certain other areas of the world like Eastern and Southern Africa. Now this is because more than 95 percentage of the new infections in the regions of Central Asia and Eastern Europe are occurring among the key or vulnerable populations. And we saw what are these key and vulnerable populations just earlier. The next concern which the author raises is related to the progress in achieving the 1990-90 target set by UNH. Research studies say that only around 62 percentage of the HIV affected individuals were on treatment and only 53 percentage had achieved viral suppression. So this makes clear that the world is falling short of the 1990-90 target which was set for the year 2020. So these are some of the concerns that have been raised by the author to tell that there is a slowdown in the present global efforts recently. Next the author talks about what are the reasons for the present slowdown in combating HIV-AIDS. The first reason is a very wrong assumption that the success which was achieved in the beginning of this 21st century is a conclusive victory. But in reality if you see this is not because as we just saw a lot of people are getting infected and a lot of people are still dying because of this HIV infection. So the assumption is wrong. The second reason which the author tells is that the present sustainable development goal framework as an expanded agenda. This expanded agenda is in terms of focusing multiple diseases not only AIDS but also diseases like tuberculosis, malaria, neglected tropical diseases as we just saw during the beginning. So this is also a reason why there is a slowdown post 2015. Now why this year 2015 because the millennium development goals came to an end by 2015 and this agenda for sustainable development started from the year 2015 and these goals have to be achieved by the year 2030. Now since there are new priorities the funds are mostly forwarded to the new priorities that is to focus on other diseases or sometimes even they are diverted to focus on those newly prioritized diseases. So the expanded agenda of the sustainable development goal framework is the second reason. Yet another reason is the information dissemination that is when initially this HIV infection was known to people there was a very high level of public awareness on how to prevent HIV. But if you see this did not continue in the same speed and vigor. So the present generation is not having a real awareness on this HIV related to what are the risks that can happen because of this HIV infection and they are also not aware of prevention oriented behaviors. So this is the reason why we saw that the new generation of young persons are becoming more susceptible to this HIV infection. So information dissemination is yet another reason. So these are some of the reasons given by the author. Then the author talks about few new trends and challenges which also acts as hurdle in taking needed actions in fast mode. One is that among the new infections in African continent some distressing trends were found. The adolescent girls if you see were very vulnerable to sexual exploitation by older men. Here the older infected men could pass the infection to these adolescent girls through sexual contact and it was also found that they were domineering male behaviors. So as a result the HIV infection is inflicted on unprotected women. Here the term domineering male behavior is nothing but even when the women wish to use protection measures like condoms the man will not allow her to use by dominating himself over the decision of the women. So this is called as domineering male behavior. Now as a result of this the infection is passed from the man who is infected with HIV to a woman who is not infected with HIV because of unprotected sex. So this is one disturbing trend which is observed among the new infections that are reported in Africa. Despite all these there have been many efforts that have been put forward globally and somehow we can see an improved survival rate among the persons who are affected with HIV. But it is found that the improved survival rates also bring certain other health problems which demand attention. Among those individuals who have been treated with HIV AIDS the risk factor for cardiovascular diseases were found to be high when their age increased. Also the usage of antiretroviral drugs were found to increase the risk of atherosclerosis nothing but the fat accumulation in the blood vessels especially the arteries. And if you also see there are certain other infectious diseases such as tuberculosis which can coexist with AIDS. If you remember during our fifth November analysis we saw that tuberculosis can coexist with AIDS and we saw that this was one reason for the increased death rate and tuberculosis in the state of Karnataka. So these patients require a comprehensive treatment and they cannot be treated only for HIV because there are certain other diseases like cardiovascular diseases and tuberculosis which can coexist with HIV infection. And apart from this if you see there is also a challenge of mental health disorders. It is especially seen amongst those persons who are on lifelong therapy for this disease. Here the challenge is that it requires constant monitoring and special treatment. Now the big question is do we have resources to handle these reasons that slow down the momentum in combating AIDS? The answer is we do not have satisfactory resources. So there has to be a multiprong strategy including all kinds of actions to handle these emerging trends and challenges. This is all about some of the reasons and the recent trends and challenges that have been shared by the author to tell that there is a recent slowdown in combating HIV AIDS. Now moving on to the final part of the editorial here the author has discussed about the need for vigil in India to prevent this HIV infection. See Indian experience has more or less been positive but it still requires continued vigilance and committed action. It is positive because the HIV related deaths declined by 71 percentage between 2005 and 2017 and if you see between the years 2001 and 2003 HIV has infected around 38 individuals in 10,000 persons whereas at present if you see the number is 22 out of 10,000 persons. Now this was possible due to the efforts taken by the National AIDS Control Program and the National AIDS Control Organization and the Civil Society. Now why do we need continued vigilance and committed action? This is because India has an estimated 21 lakh persons living with HIV as of now and out of these 21 lakh persons 42 percentage are women which is roughly around 9 lakh persons. Every year around 87,000 estimated new infections and 69,000 AIDS related deaths are recorded and 9 states have rates which are higher than the national prevalence figure. This means that there are regional variations within India especially if you see in the state of Missouri the situation is 10 times worse than the national average because around 204 out of 10,000 persons are affected with HIV only in the state of Missouri so we can tell that an increased vigil is required and a committed action is required to properly target and prevent HIV on a regional basis. Finally the author concludes the editorial by saying that mere technical innovations will not win the battle against HIV AIDS. This is because we have only the therapy to suppress the infection but till date there is no vaccination available to prevent the infection at the first place and if you see efforts to develop new vaccine for preventing this HIV-AIDS as are still in the development stage. Therefore what we require is the revival or the resurrection of the combination of multiple partnership like the political will, professional skill and society level partnerships along with the technological innovations. So if all these efforts can be made once again we can again see the decreasing trend of HIV-AIDS as we once saw during the early part of this century. So we can see that the author here has stressed for multi-level partnerships. Now the reason why the author has given this lead editorial is because every year on 1st of December we celebrate the World AIDS Day and if you see the theme for this year is ending the HIV AIDS epidemic community by community. During our discussion we saw that globally we were not able to meet the 1990 targets which were set for the year 2020 and now we have the sustainable development goal targets to end this HIV AIDS epidemic by the year 2030. One can think that there is still a long time to achieve this but to be frank this time period is quite short. We need to have strong community level coalitions to tackle this HIV in this next phase. So the entire global community needs to work the way how it worked during the earlier phase when HIV was discovered. If you are able to put that same level of efforts we might be able to meet the sustainable development targets by the year 2030 which is to end the HIV AIDS epidemic. This is the significance of this editorial. So to conclude this editorial we have seen about HIV AIDS in brief then we saw the global targets and indicators to combat and prevent AIDS. Next we saw about the recent slowdown in combating AIDS and the reasons which were given by the author along with the trends and finally we also saw about the need for vigil in India to further prevent this HIV AIDS. Now have a look at the practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. Now let us see this news article which is titled UN chief opens climate summit with call for hope over surrender. See represented tips from various countries are now at Madrid the capital of Spain for a two week meeting on tackling global warming. This is nothing but the conference of parties 25 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change which is UNFCCC which was inaugurated yesterday that is on 2nd of December at Madrid. So in this context let us now see about the significance of the comments that has been made by the United Nations Secretary General then about carbon trading which is mentioned in this news article and we shall also see some of the fundamental aspects of global warming. The syllabus that is relevant to the analysis of this news article is given here for your reference. Before understanding the context and the significance of the statements that has been made by the Secretary General of United Nations first we will see the fundamental aspects of global warming and its profound consequences. Global warming indicates the rising or increasing average temperatures of the globe over a period of time. The warming of the globe is because of the increasing amount in the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This happens because of a lot of socio-economic activities across the globe. Now some of the greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide etc. If you see these greenhouse gases can absorb the earth's re-emitted infrared radiation and again these greenhouse gases emit the absorbed infrared radiation in all the directions. So as a result of the amount of these greenhouse gases increases, this in turn increases the temperature of the globe. So this is what we call it as global warming. Now there are a lot of consequences because of this global warming. This mainly includes change in the rainfall pattern, then unpredictability of the weather, then irregular monsoons, then intensive tropical cyclones, then raising incidents of floods and severe droughts across the globe so forth and so on. Therefore at the global level, significant steps were initiated to check the consequences of the global warming. Some of the steps include this United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, then the Kyoto Protocol and the latest being Paris Agreement which are some of the mechanisms under this UNFCCC. Now first let us see in brief about this UNFCCC. This United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change aims to prevent the dangerous human interference with the climate system. And if you see the Kyoto Protocol is the one which operationalizes this UNFCCC. Note that Kyoto Protocol was adopted in the year 1997 but it entered into force only in the year 2005. The latest agreement is the Paris Climate Agreement which was signed in the year 2015. The main aim of this Paris Accord or this Paris Agreement is to limit the rising global temperature by 2 degree Celsius as compared to the pre-industrial levels by the end of this century and also to continue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degree Celsius by the end of this century that is by 200. So this is the brief introduction which you need to have when you are going to see this news article. Now this news article mentions some of the important observations that were made by the Secretary General of the United Nations. The Secretary General has stressed that the world must choose hope over surrender in the fight against climate change. He has stressed that all the member nations should continue their efforts to address climate change. Now if you look at the news article it has mentioned one important aspect of Paris Agreement which is the rules on carbon trading. If you see the delegates of this ongoing COP25 have called for the early conclusion of the rules for carbon trading. Now one important section under this Paris Agreement is Article 6 which speaks about the carbon trading and various mechanisms for carbon trading. But if you see this has not been agreed by all the member nations and still negotiations are going on to conclude this particular article. If you see in the last COP also the negotiations went but it failed and the member nations are hoping at least this year this particular article 6 would be finalized. The issue is this article does not properly describe how the carbon trading systems will work and what kind of rules will ensure that the carbon trading system lead to real emission cuts. So we have to wait and watch till the end of this COP25 which is going on at Madrid Spain. Now in this context let us see in brief about carbon trading. The carbon trading is also called as emissions trading. This is basically a market based system. This allows the trading of carbon credits that is buying or selling of the carbon credits. To give you an idea on carbon trading now take an example of two companies which are polluting that is which releases carbon emissions. Now a particular limit has been set on both these companies to contain the carbon emissions. Now one company has effectively contained the carbon emissions within the set limits but one company has polluted more. Now the company which has polluted more can buy some carbon credit from the company which has polluted less. So this is how a carbon trading system works to know in a very simple manner. Now consider the same example at the global level. The carbon trading will allow the nations who are unable to meet their reduction targets to purchase carbon credits under a unified regulatory framework. So the carbon credits can be purchased from other member nations who have unused permits or unused carbon credits. Now if you look at this diagram which demonstrates a simple form of carbon trading in this figure you can see that country B is exceeding its emissions cap but country A is having unused permits or carbon credits because it does not exceed at its emissions cap. In this case country B can purchase carbon credits from country A. Therefore the carbon trading mechanism allows the nations to meet their emissions target. But if you see the final modalities and mechanism of how the system will work is not clearly explained in article 6 of this Paris Agreement. So this is what you can see in today's news article. It mentions that fixing comprehensive rules governing the carbon trading as per the Paris Agreement is still under progress. Therefore framing the rules for carbon trading requires collective efforts by the parties of the conference which is expected as soon as possible. Maybe we can expect it by the end of this COP 25 summit which is 13th December and throughout the course of the summit we'll be getting more news articles about this COP 25 summit and also about certain other news articles and editorials related to global warming, climate change, greenhouse gases etc. So this is all about this news article. In this news article we have seen in brief about what is meant by global warming, then about the greenhouse gases and then about UNFCCC and various protocols and mechanisms under this UNFCCC. And finally we saw about COP 25 summit and the concept of carbon trading. Now have a look at the practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. Now let us look at the data point which discusses about certain economic indicators. The syllabus that is relevant to the analysis of this data point is given here for your reference. This first picture discusses about GDP. We know that GDP is the final value of the goods and services produced within the geographic boundaries of a country during a period of one year. Here it mentions that GDP grew at 4.5 percentage in the latest quarter. The growth in this quarter is the slowest growth in the last six and a half years if you see and it is the third slowest growth rate since the financial year 2005-2006. So from this picture you can observe a trend that GDP rate is neither constantly increasing nor constantly decreasing. So sometimes you get a question on UPSC problems on the economic indicators. One statement would be a general definition and the second statement would be a statement like they will tell it has been continually increasing or it has been continually decreasing. But if you see mostly the economic parameters keep varying every quarter or every financial year. Same is the case with the GDP growth rate year. It is neither constantly increasing nor constantly decreasing. Secondly if you see the data point analysis who has fuelled the growth in the recent quarter. Here they are talking about three terms. One is the private final consumption expenditure. Next is the government final consumption expenditure and finally it also discusses about gross fixed capital formation. Now when we tell private final consumption expenditure it usually refers to those expenditure incurred on the final consumption of goods and services by two parties who are private. One is the resident households and the second is the non-profit institutions who are serving the households. Now they can mostly be funded by households for example religious institutions such as mosques, temples, trade unions, political parties etc. And when we tell government final consumption expenditure it refers to the final consumption expenditure incurred by the government. So in simpler terms just remember private final consumption expenditure is being done by the private usually by the residents and the government final consumption expenditure is being done by the government. Now if you see the gross fixed capital formation it is nothing but the money spent for the acquisition of produced assets and it also includes the production of assets by producers for their own use but the monetary value of disposed assets is not included in the calculation of gross fixed capital formation. If you see we discussed in detail about this gross fixed capital formation during our 22nd November analysis just have a look at it for further subject clarity. Now if you see this picture you can find that the gross fixed capital formation has reduced in the second quarter when compared to the first quarter. On the other hand the private final consumption expenditure has slightly increased so is the government final consumption expenditure as well. Here you have to note that when we tell the gross fixed capital formation is falling it means the investments are falling this is because the investment rate is measured as gross fixed capital formation as a percentage of GDP but when it is fueled only by the government final consumption expenditure we can tell that it is not a healthy trend in an economy. Even in this image where the data point has analyzed the services sector it is found that the services such as public administration and different services are in the increasing trend whereas if you see the trade hotels transport services real estate and financial services are witnessing very slow and low growth. Also the public administration and defense services growth is also fuel mostly by the government but comparatively if you see the trend in the services sector is not so much worrying as the trends in the industrial sector. Then this data point also mentions that why the industrial sector is in a state of depression or darkness this is because there is a drop in consumption due to the drop in the investments so this indicates that the government has to do something to increase the consumption demand. Now how it can increase the consumption demand is it has to give more money in the pockets of citizens. Now there are many ways to increase the money in the pockets of citizens let us see some of the ways one is to reduce the income taxes then maybe the government can increase the public spending in terms of minimum income support then expanding pension benefits to include more beneficiaries then the government may increase the salaries of its employees then it may also increase the spending on public investments that can generate employment and this will enable a conducive environment for investments so that jobs are generated and people are given wages that is salaries. Now if money is available with the people they can use it for consumption so this is how government can try to increase the money in the hands of citizens. So from this data point we have seen that the GDP growth has slowed down then about the trends of private final consumption expenditure government final consumption expenditure then about gross fixed capital formation and then we discussed certain trends about the industry sector and the services sector. Now you can make use of this GDP growth graph in any of your main answers that is concerned with Indian economy you need not draw the exact graph but you just need to know the trend for the past four five years so that you can give a comparison when you're writing the answer and from the other pictures just know that gross fixed capital formation which is the investment rate is quite low as of now and also the consumption patterns in the economy is very low. With this we come to the end of the analysis of this particular data point now let us move on to the practice questions discussion session. Look at the first question the question is consider the following statements about purchasing managers index they've given two statements and you need to choose the correct answer. Look at the first statement it tells that it is an indicator of the social wealth of a country. Now look at the topic again it speaks about purchasing managers index. Purchasing is an activity related to manufacturing a particular product and when we see terms like purchasing or manufacturing it is something related to the economy so it cannot be an indicator of the social wealth it can be an indicator of something related to economy so just by the name you can eliminate the first statement. Now know that purchasing managers index acts as an indicator of business activity economic health and investor sentiments so it will help the businesses to plan accordingly for the upcoming months and it is also useful for the business decision makers. So here the first statement goes wrong it is not an indicator of social wealth of a country. Now look at the second statement it tells that manufacturing and services PMI are released for India on a monthly basis. This statement is correct there are two different PMIs released for India one is the manufacturing PMI and the other is the services PMI. Both these PMIs are released on a monthly basis and one more key feature to note is that once released they are not revised that is once they are published they are not revised any further. Now this question asks you to choose the correct statements the correct answer is option B2 only since the first statement is wrong. Now look at the next question the question is which are not the following statements is wrong about HIV AIDS. Now look at the first statement it tells that the most advanced stages of HIV infection is called as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Yes this statement is correct the most advanced stage of HIV infection is called as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS. So a person is likely to get some other infections like tuberculosis cancer etc. Now look at the next statement it tells that transmission of HIV between a mother and her infant is possible. Yes this statement is also correct if you see normally HIV can be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse then through blood transfusions then by sharing of contaminated needle syringes surgical equipments that are infected with HIV and it also may be transmitted between a mother under infant during pregnancy childbirth and breastfeeding. So this statement is also correct. Now look at the next statement it tells that antiretroviral drugs are used in the treatment and prevention of HIV infection. This statement is also correct because HIV virus is a retrovirus so antiretroviral therapies being given for the treatment and prevention of HIV infection. Now this statement is also correct. Now look at the fourth statement vaccines are available to prevent HIV infection know that till date there is no vaccine developed to prevent HIV infection. So option D is the correct answer here because you have to choose the wrong statement. Now look at the next question the question is considered the following statements with reference to carbon trading. Two statements have been given and you need to choose the correct statements. Now look at the first statement it tells that it is a market based system which allows the trading of carbon credits. Yes this statement is correct carbon trading or emission trading is a market based system which allows trading of carbon credits that is buying or selling of the carbon credits. So this will allow the nations who are unable to meet their reduction targets to purchase the carbon credits under a particular regulatory framework. So the carbon credits can be purchased from other member nations who have unused permits or carbon credits. So we can tell that carbon trading mechanism allows the nations to meet their emissions target. This makes the second statement correct as well. It tells that carbon trading mechanisms allows nations to meet their emission targets by trading the carbon credits. Yes this statement is correct. So the correct answer for this question is option C both one and two since you have to choose the correct statements. With this we come to the end of the analysis of all the news articles taken up for today's discussion and also the practice questions discussion session. If you like the video press the like button comment and share and do subscribe to Shankar IAS Academy YouTube channel for latest videos and updates. Stay focused and motivated friends. Thank you.


The vegan diet has a neglected cause of psychosis, a tragic story of a 47-year-old woman with a 5-year history of psychosis treated with antipsychotics years of hallucinations. Finally, her mother revealed that the patient was following a strict vegan diet for 7 years and was not supplementing with vitamin B12. They started giving her B12 supplements and eventually her psychiatric symptoms went away. But she spent 5 years of her life in a psychotic haze because she wasn't getting a regular, reliable source of vitamin B12. B12 supplements, or sufficient intake of B12 fortified foods, is mandatory for vegans and effective, but only if you do it. Like in the largest study vegans in history, the Adventist 2 study, the prevalence of low vitamin B12 status was the same between vegans, vegetarians, and meat-eaters. Why? Presumably because they were eating fortified foods and supplements. The researchers concluded the encouragement of vitamin B12 supplementation cannot be overemphasized. Vitamins B12 and D are the only two vitamins not made by plants. B12 is made by microbes and vitamin D is made by animals such as ourselves when we walk outside as the sunshine vitamin. Some other nutrients are only found concentrated in certain plants, though, and you can become deficient if you don't eat them. For example, this case of a 10-year-old girl with night blindness. She couldn't see well at night. Vitamin A deficiency was the doctor's first thought, but the kid was vegetarian and so getting whopping doses of beta-carotene and all the vegetables she ate, which her body turns into vitamin A. Almost as an afterthought as they were leaving the office, the doctor just asked the mother, I assume she's getting plenty of vegetables, right? But no, she does not like vegetables and only eats like rich crackers or something. So with something like vitamin A, it's easy getting enough, eating greens or any of the orange fruits and vegetables like mangoes, sweet potatoes, carrots, or cantaloupe, but you actually have to eat fruits and vegetables. A vegan living off a diet of fast food is at a greater risk for vitamin A deficiency than a meat eater living on fast food because at least the cow ate some greens and passed it along. Iodine is a similar situation. Cow's milk is a primary source of dietary iodine in the United States, not because cows somehow synthesize iodine or any other element. Iodine in milk comes from the leaching of iodine-containing disinfectants used to clean contaminated udders and milking equipment into the milk or from supplements fed to cattle. Regardless, those not drinking milk or eating seaweed, which is an even better source, may be an increased risk for iodine deficiency. A study of vegans in the UK suggested as many as 90% aren't getting enough in their diet, though this is likely an overestimate since their food frequency questionnaire didn't include seaweed or iodine salt two of the ways some may be getting it. Are there reports of it actually causing problems? Yes, indeed. Veganism as a cause of iodine-deficient hypothyroidism. A 23-month-old boy, breastfed until 16 months of age, then weaned on a strictly plant-based diet without iodine salt. Mom was fine, presumably because of the iodine and her prenatal vitamins that she continued to take, which spilled over into her breast milk. The American Thyroid Association is very clear about recommending that pregnant and breastfeeding women take a prenatal with 150 micrograms of iodine a day. Most kids in the US transition from breast milk to cow's milk, but those who don't need to get their iodine from somewhere. Thankfully, after an iodine-containing multivitamin, his deficiency cleared. That's one way, taking supplements like the cows do. But sea vegetables are the healthiest source of iodine. A half teaspoon of mild seaweeds like Arma or Dulce should get you all the iodine you need for the day. You can just have a shaker of Dulce flakes at the kitchen table or two nori sheets of seaweed. That's my favorite method, because you can just eat them like a snack. In fact, probably the healthiest snack since you're snacking on dark green leafy vegetables. There was also a recent report of severe iron deficiency anemia attributed to a plant-based diet in Manorazzo, which means excess blood loss during menstruation. A 21-year-old woman presented with reduced vision in one of her eyes because of a vein clotted off, which can happen when you get really anemic. Thankfully, her vision resolved after taking iron supplements. Now, according to the American Dietetic Association, the incidence of iron deficiency anemia among vegetarians is no worse than that of non-vegetarians, so it may have just been her excess monthly blood loss. But a more recent review questioned the official position that iron deficiency anemia appears no more prevalent among vegetarian women than among non-vegetarian women. The updated review claimed to find four studies where this wasn't the case, where vegetarians had significantly higher rates. Yet, here's the four studies, and as always, I'll put links to them in the sources cited section beneath this video on nutritionfacts.org so you can read them yourself, like I do for every study I cite in my videos, and not a single one backed up that statement. But just because vegetarians don't have worse anemia rates than non-vegetarians, that's not saying much since up to one in 20 menstruating women suffer from iron deficiency anemia across the board. Having lower iron stores is actually advantageous, as I've done videos about yet another reason to consume more plants and less meat. But if your blood count is dropping, if your hemoglobin is getting too low, then you can enhance iron absorption by eating vitamin C-rich foods with your meals, so fresh fruit, bell peppers, broccoli, etc. And since especially tea, but also coffee, can inhibit iron absorption, you shouldn't drink them with meals.


Loose Yelena now! Fire of Holy Ghost! Fire of Holy Ghost! Fire of Holy Ghost! In Jesus' mighty name! Thank you Lord for setting her free. Thank you for exposing every darkness and expelling it right now in Jesus' name. Thank you Lord. Hi, my name is Yelena. I'm from Russia. I've experienced so much. After the prayer, I've just the freedom I've been feeling. I was a heroin addict. I repented. And the Lord has freed me from that, but I had the oppression. And after having the baby, I had the thoughts and all of that is gone. And now today I could testify that I feel so free. I'm getting closer to God. I've been so hungry for the word. And just God's doing so much things in my life and I praise His name. I'm free in Jesus' name.


First, this is a great opportunity to deepen a really important strategic relationship with a partner that we spend a lot of time working with. And the exercise in the dynamic world that we live in today gives us an opportunity to refine the way we work together, improve our readiness, and really demonstrate to our partners that we're committed to the safety and security of this region. Really this is the first time that we've had an opportunity to execute agile combat employment down here on the continent and to have the buzzards down here, the collective team work together to operate really in a steer environment with partners and demonstrate the importance of operating as a small group, being agile about it, rapid about it. It's a great opportunity for us really to refine the way we do business and I'm sure the team learned some great lessons that we'll be able to apply for all of you safety AF Africa. Partnerships is one of the key priorities that we have for the headquarters and really for the entire command and so as we come down here and really work beyond just the TTPs but really build trust and confidence with important partners and that's what the Moroccans, the Senegalese, everyone that we operated down here to include our joint partners really provide us an opportunity to build those relationships where you can work together every day in tough conditions and make sure that together we're able to execute the mission.


The Ministry of Infrastructure, Courts, Energy and Labor has provided an update to the public about the Rodney Bay Road Improvement Project and has also addressed recent false information being circulated. The Ministry has explained that all procedures have been followed on the project which is under its proving. The much anticipated project is meant to alleviate congestion on the roads while also providing safe sidewalks and bus stops for pedestrians and is part of the Government's National Road Rehabilitation Project. Project Manager at the Ministry of Infrastructure, Mr Ted Versus Roberts explained the rationale for the Rodney Bay Road Redevelopment. The Ministry of Infrastructure realized that we were having quite a bit of congestion on our roads, especially the north coast roads going into Brazil. So initially a falling highway would be done from VG roundabout coming up. As you realize we've done pieces to try to make it better. We did recently the piece from the Halcyon Club going up to the shock roundabout and now we see this area as an area where it has become worse. If one realizes that many, many motorists would be congested in the area here where vehicles are attempting to go into the shopping mall area and by virtue of attempting to turn in it is quite a bit of traffic back. We wanted to eliminate that and make the flow of traffic a lot easier. For the Ministry of Infrastructure, it was necessary that the project awarded to First Start Construction meet international standards and the plans reflect the government's overall trust to build resilience.  We looked at all of this and we have designed this one to meet the standards in terms of the size of the roundabout, two in terms of giving the asphaltic pavement which will be the best, the vehicles will be running on a minimum of a 20-year span with our design and also we did quite a bit of a traffic survey where we ensure that the flow of traffic will flow freely without any hesitation, without problems, without the backlog which we got accustomed to. In terms of the awarding of the contract for the project, the Ministry of Infrastructure explained how the design-build-finance approach has worked. When we wanted to begin the construction we suggested the redesign of the two roundabouts. We had what we call a design-build-finance program. In that design-build-finance program, basically the contractor comes in with the money, he designs, constructs and all we do, all the Ministry of Infrastructure does is supervise the work, ensuring that it is being done as per design. So because we had only two contractors on board, we offered it to one of the two contractors. Initially we offered it to one who was part of the big team and because of his commitments he was not able to do it. So it was offered to the other to come up with the money and then do the design and build for it. The project manager explained that the due process was followed every step of the way and there was nothing illegal about the project. It isn't illegal simply because like I said initially it came through the Ministry of Infrastructure, the chief engineer and the then Minister of Infrastructure. So it could not have been illegal. However currently with the construction of it the way it is everything has been reported to the PS, the permanent secretary of the Ministry of Infrastructure who is the head of the unit. So it continues, it has been reports are given to him, it has been reported to him continuously and it continues to be that way. So I don't understand how it could be illegal when everything is done through the Ministry of Infrastructure. The role of the Ministry of Infrastructure has been supportive in the sense of ensuring that the work is done accordingly. The permanent secretary has stayed on top of issues along with me with concerns of people whether it be a acquisition of land or giving them barriers for their property. Mostly people have been working with us very nicely but the Ministry of Infrastructure on the whole has been in it. In fact after a few concept meetings where we provided the drawings for the public at large long before we even did any work. On two occasions I believe we met with the then Minister of Infrastructure on one occasion we had our architect with us who did a pinpoint demonstration at that meeting the actually the permanent secretary was attending. The then Minister of Infrastructure made a suggestion that we move the wronged about which was by MTI to that of the Aquatic Center to ensure with growth because of development which he knew was coming. We concurred and because of that that is why the wronged about is now up by the Aquatic Center and not by MTI which has already been designed so the then Minister of Infrastructure was involved in if he saw it he knew it he made suggestions he helped change part of the process. The project manager further explained why two roundabouts in the Royal DB area would help all motorists. About is necessary because one moving the design from a single to a double roundabout you'd have to have to so vehicles can comfortably come around one enter the shopping area whilst not impeding the traffic going where they'd be enough or south. If you've got one that's not at that central location you've got to have another one where they can turn around so a second roundabout was necessary and hence the reason why we were doing a second one near MTI but of course that got moved based on suggestions by the then Minister of Infrastructure to go higher so the second roundabout became necessary for the purpose of the continued flow and ease of traffic in the area.  The Ministry of Infrastructure is especially pleased with the amount of work which has been done so far and the economic impact of the project. It's actually adhered to ensuring that many solutions get work as much as possible. So what we've done is we seem to have we actually have 12 subcontractors we've hired and through the subcontractors there's a total of 104 employees they've hired we attempt to give everybody something. The contractor himself has a total of 57 employees in various fields he's using here. In addition we have food carers which is part of this we prepare and provide food for the workers especially when they work in late at night. We have security we have people who provide lighting and all of these are outside people. We do our very best to hire people in every part of the field to ensure that everyone gets a tick on it and it's not just the contractor and his employees. So overall we have like I said 157 employees on this job with 12 subcontractors and 104 of his employees. Once the project is complete it will benefit the entire country as Rodney Bay is among the busiest routes in St. Lucia. Mr. Roberts said that the project is already getting major support. We've been getting praises from people as to what's happening. The benefits we have we have four lanes that's going to be coming there. Soon enough we're going to have traffic going around the mouth first to deal with the roadway. But imagine that you do not have that congestion which we used to have and you have traffic flowing freely without any problems whilst traffic can go to certain places which they wish you have traffic that can come around around the mouth and keep going comfortably. That's another benefit this is in the north this is a big development for the north and we intend to develop the island in whatever little way we can we intend to do our best. So just visualize when this is completed soon enough how nice this is going to look with four lanes of traffic. We have lighting coming in the middle with two arms illuminating both sides of the street and a continuous lovely flow of traffic. We intend to later on do some planting along the roadway to give it that sort of beauty. We're driving along the highway and you're driving through a number of trees lovely shade and so on. The intent is to make and help develop this place in whatever way we can. That is an added benefit. Studies show that over 24,000 vehicles traverse the Rodney Bay castries highway daily. As a result the project seeks to improve the flow of traffic as the main Rodney Bay junction has been identified as a cause for traffic backup.


Appalachian Wireless proudly brings you unlimited data. Unlimited data is only $80 a month for a single line. Four lines as low as $200. Better service, bigger savings. That's today's Appalachian Wireless. An East Kentucky network company. Get a speed slow to 25 gigabytes per line to 512 kilobits for phones and tablets. And 15 gigabytes for motors. See store for more details. Tuesday morning, Prestonsburg City officials, as well as those with Big Sandy Community and Technical College and the Kentucky Labor Cabinet, met to announce a new apprenticeship program. Mayor Les Stapleton says the program is a direct result of an aging workforce in the city's Utilities Commission.  I don't mean that to be derogatory. It's just that they're getting up to places where they can retire. We didn't find people to fill their shoes. The three-year apprenticeship program specializes in the occupations of water treatment plant and wastewater treatment operators and will be attractive to both current employees of Prestonsburg City Utilities as well as those considering going into that field. You know, we need people that can do trades, too. And the college is there to help us. We can get people trained quicker. They can be certified quicker. And this even gets them national certifications. Dr. Sherri Zilka, president of Big Sandy Community and Technical College says this agreement is a win-win for everyone. We're trying to backfill the positions that are people that are incumbent workers to upgrade their skills in order to fill the positions, but also look to build a pipeline for people coming in. What we're really trying to do is help people get jobs here in the region so they don't have to move away, but also earn a livable wage so they can stay. Officials with the Kentucky Labor Cabinet are also excited to register the new apprenticeship program, which they hope will be duplicated in other cities across the state. If you come in and they teach you a skill, you're more apt to stay there. You're loyal to them, they're loyal to you. And if you decide not to stay, then you have a certificate that you can use nationally. Apprentices will receive $2,000 on the job in 144 classroom training hours per year and will earn a nationally recognized journeyman certificate upon completion. In Prestonsburg, I'm Shannon Deskins, EKB News.


Russians keep trying to force Zaporizhia's residents to fight against Ukraine. The Russian-appointed governor of Zaporizhia Oblast, Yevhen Bolitsky, ordered the creation of a so-called People's Militia in the temporarily occupied territory in Zaporizhia Oblast in order to recruit the local population into its ranks for the war against Ukraine. Ivan Fedorov, mayor of Melitopol told it. He has said, so-called Governor Bolitsky is already trying to force the residents in the occupation to fight for Russia for the third time. A year ago, allegedly to protect public order, he created the so-called Kossak troops based on the territory of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate. Then they created the Sudaplative Regiment, to which they had been recruiting volunteers from the occupied territory but did not find any. Now he ordered the creation of a People's Militia, once more to allegedly maintain order. Bolitsky have noted that Zaporizhia's collaborators are acting according to the Donetsk scenario. When after the occupation of parts of Donetsk and Lohansk Oblasts in 2014, the so-called People's Militia was created, which was later transformed into the Army Corps of the Donetsk and Lohansk People's Republics.


How many of you guys excited to be in the house of God tonight? So I'm very excited. Eric crumpled my paper. Thank you very much. Anyways, how many of you guys excited to be in the house of God tonight? Amen? I'm very excited and I'm excited not just about tonight, but I'm excited about the vision of our youth. Just seeing how, no, we have Pablo here. He went from that bad lifestyle, smoking, being with bad friends, to all the setting, playing from that shy person. I remember he hid behind his sister all the time.  That is our vision. That is what we live for. Amen? Amen. And honestly, we came such a far way. I have a picture, so there's a way we can turn that off. We came such a far way from where we used to be with our church, our youth. No picture? Alright. Anyways, this very funny picture of Pastor Martin from his back. Back in the days, he's putting, he has a very Gucci, very big jacket. He has a very, he looks like a fob, fresh off the boat, kind of person.  And back in those days, knowing our pastors back in the days, you didn't know if they were stealing the windshield wiper or evangelizing or something. So, we've come a long way here from the lights, from the church, we're modeling anything. And this is all for the vision. Now, it's like a funnel. The funnel, the top of the funnel is big. It's for a coffee shop, for the gym, for all that. But the bottom of the funnel is very narrow, and it's very, for little things go through, because at the bottom is all about, it's very narrow, because it's all about the vision. Everything that we do revolves around the vision and goes through the vision. That is why we're here. That is why we're here as believers. Amen. Amen. So, the title of my message is going to be As A Man Thinketh. Yeah, I know, very Shakespeare. I told my sister, I'm like, let me just do it as a man thing. She's like, no, that's going to sound smarter if you do it that way. So, basically, I believe every single person here, you are what you think. So, basically, my title in a non-Shake-Spirish way. You are what you think. You are the person, you are now, or you will become the person that you think and the thoughts that you think. So, you know a lot of people. You guys seem people that are very negative.  And the thing is, how many of you guys, yeah, there you go. And there's not time to look at your neighbor like, yeah, that's you.  You listen to how they think. And they're just very negative people the way they think. And the thing is, what you think will reflect your life, will reflect on your life. And I just want to go from a short verses, Proverbs 23-7. It says, where my mind goes, man follows. That's my design. So, where my mind goes, man follows. Proverbs 23-7. And I'm going to be speaking kind of from the story of Job. And many of you guys know the story of Job. He had everything you could want. He had the sheep, the cattle, the wife, the kids. He had everything. And then in a split moment, everything gets taken away from him. But what I love about Job, the story of Job, is he always remained positive, even when everything was taken away from him. And so that is my first point, is be positive. Job never let the level of his life, never let the level of his thinking reach the level of his life. And you guys got to realize that your life will always follow your thinking. We think about 30,000 thoughts a day, and a lot of them are repetitive. So what you, and it's not just biblical, but it's scientific. That when you think positive, your life will be positive.  When people are always negative, you don't like to be around them because they're negative people. When people are positive, they think positive. Even in the midst of a situation, they're still positive. Those are the people because when in their mind, they're positive. And what happens is, just like in the story of Job, everything was taken away from him.  And he said, well, you're only supposed to worship God in your good times. I'm paraphrasing you. You're only supposed to worship God in your good times and not in your bad. And the thing is I love about Job is in the midst of everything being taken away from him. He never let the level of his mind reach the level of his circumstances. And you guys got to realize that when the most dangerous, the biggest loss, see even in Job's life, the biggest loss was his life was all the way down here.  Everything was taking him. But the biggest loss is when, not when you're alive down here, but when the level of your thinking reaches the level of your circumstances. Because when you think on God's word, when you dwell on God's word, there after that, the level of your life, the level of your circumstances will reach the level of your thinking. And there's a story that Pastor Vlad would always share of this barracuda fish. A long time ago, they put two fish into a fish tank, a big fish tank, one regular fish and one barracuda fish. And obviously the barracuda fish wanted to eat the little fish. But what they did is this was a scientific project. They put a piece of glass in between the barracuda fish and the regular fish. And so, and then they let them loose and right away the barracuda fish swam, I was about to say ran, swam to the other side of the glass to eat the fish. But what happened is, boom, he hit the, he hit the glass and he was like, no, what the heck? What was that? And so he goes back and then again he tries and then again he tries and again he tries and then he got it into his mind that there I cannot reach that because of the countless times that I keep on running into the glass. And so what they did after that is the barracuda, what they, they removed the glass. But the interesting thing was the barracuda fish never again went across to the other side because the glass wasn't there but the repeated failures, the repeated things in the life began to make them think that I can no longer do that, I can no longer get over there.  I can attest everybody can attest that life as a Christian is not a better rose. But what happens is you have God on your side. So now you're not doing this alone, you have God on your side. So the thing is devil will try to, the moment life, life happens, just plain life happens. Devil will try, devil is like that stalker, stalker girlfriend or boyfriend.  Devil is exactly like that. Once devil realizes that your life hit a breaking point or a breakout point, devil will try to slide into DMs and try to feed you bad thoughts. He will try to feed you bad things but the thing is he can only try to feed you bad thoughts. He can only try to feed you bad thoughts and some of you guys might think, oh I can't think, I can't control my thoughts. The Bible says think on these things. So it's either you're right, you're wrong or the Bible is wrong. You're wrong or the Bible is wrong because the Bible says think on these things. So the Bible is telling us that we have the ability to think our thoughts and yes there will be times where bad thoughts come in, thoughts you don't want to think, images, those things but you have the control and when your life goes down what do you gotta be like?  The biggest loss, the biggest loss now when your life is down here is when the level of your thinking, you let that, you let the level of your life and the circumstance affect and influence the level of your thinking. Amen? And so some practical steps just to be positive, to keep a positive mind said even in the midst of a situation, even in the midst of things going wrong is read your Bible. The Bible is the truth. The Bible will set you free from every single lie, every single thing. So read the Bible, pray, spend time in prayer, listen to podcasts, listen to a lot of sermons, that's what I love to do. Even if you don't have time to read the Bible, which I'm sure we all have time but even if you don't like reading the Bible, you can listen to the Bible and something I started doing is because during work you could start to listen to the Bible so you can multitask and you get through a lot done and it's just amazing and so listen to sermons, listen to podcasts, encouraging words and also surround yourself with positive people and the way I love this because that's how I was fortunate to grow up with people that are very positive and not saying they were wealthy, they were rich they were doing good in life but they were positive and every single situation that they went through, they were positive people they always had a positive attitude when you say, man, I can't do this they say don't think like that, they say you can do this and I love our churches because we're a church that thinks positive we don't think that we're fighting from defeat we're a church that says we're fighting defeat from a standpoint of victory we're not fighting defeat from a standpoint of defeat and that's why I love, surround yourself by mentors, by pastors those friends that will encourage you, not just have sympathy for you because you can have those friends that are, oh man, that sucks but you have those friends that say, no, chin up, let's do this you're gonna get through it and they'll push you through, amen and my second point is thinking creates your destiny thinking creates your destiny so one question I have for you today is how does your destiny look how does your thoughts, the thoughts that you think what kind of destiny are you building see a lot of people think, a lot of people think is I want my life to get better and then I'll be happy I want this and then I'll be happier, I'll have a joy, I'll have that but that's not how it works and the thing is what you have to do is your life will catch up to the level of your thinking your life will catch up and the thing is the Bible the Bible demonstrates this from the very, very beginning of the Bible Genesis 1, it says on the first day God created the light so it created the light and see every human thinks if there's light there has to be sun, moon and stars, you get that but on day four God says I created the sun, the moon and the stars so you get a little confused, wait so so first I have to have happiness and then I get a boyfriend but a lot of us like to tell God first I want a boyfriend that will make me happy and God's saying no, no, no you have to have day one first then you get day four first you get the light, then you get the boyfriend then you get the girlfriend, then you get the money, the job, the family you get all that and many of you guys might say well how do I get the light if I don't have the sun, the moon and the stars how do I get the happiness if I don't have the money, the girl, the boy the curves, the looks, the six pack how do I get that and it's simple he says he spoke, he said let there be light anyway the bible says we have the power of life and death at the tip of our tongue so how do you get happiness you speak it, you think it, the thoughts that you think you get day one, then you get day four see God wants you to think good thoughts God says in the word I think good thoughts towards you I know that plans for you, they're for good they're not for you, they're to prosper you give you health, wealth and so God wants you to think positive about your life but I believe there's people in this room that you're like that barracuda fish you hit so many failures in life that your thinking has gone to the level of your life you're thinking now you think you're a failure now you think you're ugly now you think you hit so many failures that you'll never make it in life you'll never graduate, you'll never do good in education you'll never have the good looks and for a lot of teenagers youth because they go through high school a lot of teenagers get their heart broken and maybe you get that lie maybe you start thinking in your mind because of my boyfriend, because of my girlfriend broke up to me now you start thinking I'm not worthy enough I'm not good looking, I'm not going to be able to have a good husband I'm not going to be a have a good wife, a family a good education and you begin to think bad thoughts it's because Satan knows your future Satan knows that you have a bright future every single one of you because we are created in the likeness of God and so when we are created in the likeness of God we walk in authority, we trample for snakes and scorpions and Satan knows that and like I said earlier Satan's going to try to come in he's going to try to offer you once you mess up once your life comes down he's going to try to make the level of your thinking calm down to the level of your life and the thing is if we keep a positive mindset if we keep our word, our life keep the word of God a standard for our life sooner or later like I said our life will come to our thinking sooner or later our situation will come up and follow up to our proclamation to what we believe to what we stand for and that is the promise that we are sons and daughters of the most high God that we are royal priests that we are made in the likeness of God we are the sons and daughters of the most high king and that's what every single person here has to stand on and you have to have a positive thinking you can't think what Satan wants you to think he's going to feed you those things but you have to say no Satan I know God has good thoughts for me and I will have good thoughts about my future and the thing what Holy Spirit does Holy Spirit works through pictures and images what you think in your mind what you say to yourself so when you look that's why a lot of people when they wake up in the morning they don't feel like they're beautiful they go in front of the mirror and they say you're beautiful you're loyal you're important because what we think will reflect our life our situation has to come up and follow our proclamation that is we are sons and daughters of the most high God that is the promises God has for our life and they are for good and not for evil Thank you for watching this content I hope this was a blessing to you if you're like me and you like to click on things click on this subscribe to our channel and the content will come to you every time we post it and remember the best is yet to come