So the first section that we're going to look at is called the economy of salvation administered in him and we're going to be looking at Ephesians chapter 1 verses 3 through 14 that big Chunk the next section is union in Christ's exaltation which is going to involve his Resurrection his ascension and his session at the right hand of the father and then being created a new in Christ That's in Ephesians chapter 2 verses 1 through 10 and then the rest of chapter 2 is the next section a wall torn down to build one temple in him Following that in section 4 we're going to look at the dwelling place of Christ He dwells in our hearts by faith and you'll see that in Ephesians chapter 3 verses 14 through 19 that little chunk at the end of Ephesians chapter 3 and then we're going to look at the fifth section the growth Of the body and that's in Ephesians chapter 4 14 through 16 that little section there and then we're going to look at the sixth section, which is Ephesians chapter 5 22 through 32 and that of course is on the meaning and purpose of God's ordinance and marriage so let's look at the first section here and I want to try and stick really close to this outline that I've created so Let's read together Ephesians chapter 1 verses 3 through 14 So if you have your Bible open up to Ephesians chapter 1 and we're going to start at verse 3 and I'm reading from Nazb 95 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ Who has blessed us with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places in Christ Just as he chose us in him before the foundation of the world that we would be holy and blameless before him in Love he predestined us to adoption as sons through Jesus Christ to himself according to the kind intention of his will to the praise of the glory of his grace Which he freely bestowed on us in the beloved in him We have redemption through his blood the forgiveness of our trespasses According to the riches of his grace which he lavished on us in all wisdom and insight He made known to us the mystery of his will according to the kind intention Which he purposed in him with a view to an administration suitable to the fullness of the times that is the summing up of all things in Christ things in heavens and the things on the earth in Him also We have obtained an inheritance having been predestined according to his purpose who works all things after the counsel of his will To the end that we who were the first to hope in Christ would be to the praise of his glory In him you also you see how many times is saying in him in Christ through him these are This is diction that revolves around this topic of union with Christ in him verse 13 You also After listening to the message of the truth the gospel of your salvation having also believed we hope that that's gonna happen this morning You were sealed in him with the Holy Spirit of promise who is given as a pledge of our inheritance With a view to the redemption of God's own possession to the praise of his glory so let's think about an outline for Ephesians chapter 1 verses 3 through 14 and As I was thinking about this it struck me that really the outline is in verse 3 Paul gives us an outline of this paragraph so verse 3 Blessed be the God and father that's verses 4 through 6 of Our Lord Jesus Christ That's verses 7 through 12 Who has blessed us with every spiritual now spiritual is that word should be capitalized in your Bible? It has it means of or pertain pertaining to the work of the Holy Spirit so Who has blessed us with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places in Christ and that's in Verses 13 through 14 and that in Christ at the end of that verse Describes what he's gonna be talking about throughout the entire paragraph everything is about being blessed in Christ the work of the Father Son and Holy Spirit does that make sense? Yes, okay, cool So if you look at your first point under section number one salvation Chosen by the Father in him we're gonna learn about what each person of the Trinity is responsible for in our salvation what each person's role was so Let me read a little Excerpt to you out of this really awesome book. It's called from heaven. He came in solder This is um one of the first book books that I read as a as a newly saved Christian might have might have even been Responsible for my salvation this book awesome book It's about the atonement of Christ and listen to what he says on page 334 this book. He says Soteriology often referred to as the economy of salvation may appear to be a systematic category But it has biblical roots The word economy is used in Ephesians 110. He quotes it as an economy and the word is Oikonomion that's the Greek word so clearly we get our word economy from this Greek word oikonomion As an economy of the fullness of time to unite all things in Christ He says the verse is a high point of Paul's paragraph in chapter 1 through 3 through 14 The word oikonomia Describes the manner in which God's plan is being worked out in human history as Fred Sanders writes When Paul talks about God's economy his point is that God is a supremely wise administrator Who's arranged the elements of his plan with great care in other words? God has a plan for salvation and here's his plan in Ephesians chapter 1 3 through 14 makes sense So we're gonna look at God's plan for our salvation and we're gonna find out that it's not only involving Jesus Christ It does involve the father and it does involve the Holy Spirit so verse 4 Just as he That he is referring to God the father just as He chose us in him Before the foundation of the world that we would be holy and blameless before him In love he predestined us to adoption as sons Through Jesus Christ to himself According to the kind intention of his will to the praise of the glory of his grace Which he freely bestowed on us in the beloved. Who's the beloved? Jesus Christ Jesus Christ is the beloved so What role does the father take in our salvation? the father chooses In other places he said to for ordain He predestines. He sets us apart in love. You see the father's work is Before the foundation of the work of the world Choosing a people for his own possession. That's what the father does. That's what the father is responsible for in our salvation and He does it in the beloved so in what sense can I say that I'm united to Jesus Christ Before the foundation of the world. I didn't even exist at that time So how in the world does Paul say that he chose us in the beloved before the foundation of the earth? He's able to say that because in the mind of God He chooses us to be united to Jesus Christ makes sense Union with Christ is something that takes place in time before I was saved when I was a fornicator and when I was a Habitual liar when I was a thief When I wouldn't when my life was characterized by these things I was not united to Christ. I got united to Christ in time When the Holy Spirit caused me to be born again and Yet before the foundation of the earth the father set me apart to be united to his son make sense Okay, let's look at verse 7 and for the sake of time. We'll just look at this one verse for the work of the son in him in Christ We have redemption Through his blood the forgiveness of our trespasses according to the riches of his grace Which he lavished on us So the work of the father is a predestining work. It's a setting apart work before the foundation of the earth The work of the son then the second person of the Trinity He was sent by the father to do what to die for his people Which people did he die for? He died for the people that God set apart. He died for the people that that God the father chose Make sense. So God the father chooses a people out of the world out of history He chooses a certain group and he sends Jesus Christ to be a propitiatory sacrifice on behalf of that group We have redemption through his blood. We're redeemed by the blood of Christ. Okay? The third person in the Trinity the Holy Spirit his work is seen in verse 13 in In him you also after listening to the message of the truth the gospel of your salvation having also believed You were sealed in him with the Holy Spirit of promise Now to be sealed can mean several things in the Bible to be sealed can mean It can be like marked as one's own possession It can mean like sealing a letter so that you're ensuring that something isn't tampered with from the outside It can be a pledge a down payment all of these things are spoken of in reference to the work of the Holy Spirit in our lives so What does the father do the father? predestines He sends the son to die on behalf of those people that the father predestines and both the father and the son send the Holy Spirit to Regenerate the hearts of those same people. Does that make sense?  I'll just you know flippantly. I'm gonna save a people That's not the way that the God works He had a systematic plan before the foundation of the earth as to how he was particularly Going to save a people the father predestines The son dies for those people and the Holy Spirit Regenerates and seals them. He's given as a pledge for their inheritance. Does that make sense? Yes. Okay, cool Let's move on to the second section Union in his exaltation now in Ephesians chapter 2 verses 1 through 10 We could talk about all kinds of things all kinds of things in reference to union with Christ But I wanted to look at something that maybe we haven't really thought about much as Christians and our Christian walk So as I'm teaching through this book, I want to hit on points that we might not think about very deeply because We need to be thinking about God's plan for salvation at a new level We need to be growing in our understanding. Does that make sense? So Ephesians chapter 2 Let's look at verse 4 But God But God being rich in mercy Because of his great love, you see how the love of God the God's love is a work of the father The love of God I'm sorry because of his great love with which he loved us Even when we were dead in our transgressions Made us alive together with Christ When was Christ made alive? You can say it. When was he made alive? I'm sorry He was made alive at his resurrection, right? Jesus died on the cross three days later. He rose again, and that's when he was made alive and Yet look at look at the next section of this verse He made us alive together with Christ by grace you've been saved and raised us up with him So then when was Christ raised up? What's the difference between Christ being raised up and him being made alive? What's the difference between those two things? They are talking Paul is talking about two different things To be made alive That's referring to Christ's resurrection To be raised up isn't referring to his resurrection. It's referring to his ascension. Yeah, that's right it's referring to his ascension and and Seated us with him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus So that in the ages to come he might show the surpassing riches of his grace and kindness toward us in Christ Jesus So I'm gonna like I said, I mean we could talk about all kinds of things in Ephesians chapter 2 1 through 10 but I'm gonna specifically look at the way in which we're united to him in the likeness of his resurrection a ascension and Session at the right hand of God makes sense so we know the We know the the what Paul is referring to when he says Christ was raised ascended and seated at the right hand of God But what are the corresponding truths? What are the counterparts in the Christian life? How are we united to Christ in the likeness of those things? Anybody got a mic to pass around how are we united to Christ in the likeness of his resurrection? What's the corresponding Christian truth? What is it that happens in my life as a result of my union with Christ in his resurrection? That's that's a question. Okay. We are sanctified So where you're going or that that's absolutely true. So we are sanctified like Like an Ephesians chapter 6 Our sanctification is a result of our resurrection with with Christ There's one very particular Noel. There's one very particular Truth in the Christian walk related to this We're made born again. We are Regenerated we are brought back from the dead Spiritually and eventually there will be a bodily resurrection as well. Yeah, that's exactly right It's both of those things. So the first if you caught what Noel said is we're Regenerated now it's called a resurrection Because a death took place When we're united to Christ we're united in likeness likeness of his death as well The old man is said to be crucified with Christ and What happens that at our conversion is we're raised with him and by what power Are we raised again to newness of life? It's by the same power that rose Jesus Christ from the dead Now at the consummation will receive a a new glorified body and our adoption to sons will be publicly demonstrated in receiving that glorified body and that's also considered the resurrection of the dead. Yeah, Tom Could you please expand on that a little bit more for us when you said that when you when you Connected Christ's resurrection with our regeneration Which comes first our union with him or regeneration That's a really really good question. So like I said There is a sense in which we're united to Christ before the foundation of the earth But our union with Christ happens at the time of conversion. So If I'm if I'm thinking about it rightly Because I wasn't really when I'm when I was looking at Ephesians 2. I'm not really thinking about the Ordo Saludus at that time I'm thinking about our union with him and the likeness of his resurrection I believe that we get regenerated and Logically following our regeneration is our union with Christ. It's but they all happen simultaneously in time. Does that make sense? Yes, okay. All right, let's look at So, how are we raised up with him? How are we ascended with Christ? What's the corresponding Christian truth to that? We never think about that. In fact, I was um, I was uh While I was studying this text pacing around trying to What in the world does that mean we're raised up with him? We are ascended with Christ. What does that mean? Look at Colossians chapter 3 really quick And verse 1 if you can keep up with my flipping Therefore if you have been Raised up with Christ. I think he's referring to the same thing if you've been raised up with Christ Keep seeking the things above where Christ is seated at the right hand of God Now if you don't know, um, what corresponding Christian, um, what corresponding truth Is to that? In your Christian walk, that's okay Um, what it what I was struck with was how unworthy I was of it um, it's a matter of status and stature like um When when Christ was ascending What he was actually doing was he was approaching the throne of God to take his rightful place His place of authority And his place of intercession at the right hand of God um We ascend with Christ um That should humble you as a Christian You know you ascend with Christ in status um, why why in the world me, you know, um When I've plumbed the depths of sin Um, the fact that God would condescend so low to unite me to his son and cause his son to ascend to the throne um And I ascend with him that is a um Whatever it is, it's breathtaking Right, it's breathtaking. It is amazing um so He causes us to be resurrected with Christ and to ascend with Christ and lastly He causes us to be seated with him in the heavenly places Jesus Christ is sitting on a throne right now and he's sitting down. Why is he sitting down? Because the work that he accomplished on this earth when he became incarnate is finished now. Um He was given a place of authority When he sat down at the right hand of God and yet he said to be waiting for his enemies To be made a footstool for his feet, right? So have all of christ's enemies enemies yet been subject to not underneath his feet No, that happens at the second return of christ That happens at the second return of christ when he establishes his um millennial reign. You see um In uh in colossians chapter two. He said to uh, what is the verbiage that's used?  Okay colossians comes last um It says when he had disarmed the the rulers and authorities This is colossians 215. He made a public display of them having triumphed over them through him um christ, uh He overpowered he overcame Several enemies at his death. He overcame the world the flesh and the devil Um Spiritually at first and then it'll be consummated when he returns. You see So with christ my flesh is subdued Jesus christ subdued and subjected my flesh The old man he became an authority um, and he Conquered my flesh He also conquered this world the powers of this world And he conquered the work of um the devil in my life And I reign with christ in those ways. Does that make sense? Yes um That should be uh, that should be your consideration When you're thinking about your battle against your sin, you're seated with christ in the heavenly places This sin doesn't have any dominion over you okay Let's look at the next section for the sake of time I hope that's um refreshing to you Think about it like when do we talk about uh our union with christ in the likeness of his resurrection? Ascension and session at the right hand of god. We should be thinking about those things and I don't really think we do I say that because I don't but that um, that's encouraging that should that should Make you rejoice Yeah, ryan I was just thinking how I don't either And I noticed paul like in verse five of clausians chapter three says therefore put to death your members Which are on the earth? So you can see his mentality is that he's seated in the heavenly places So when he looks at fornication unclean his passion evil desire, he thinks of it is on the earth It's like uh, how many of us say I'm putting to death that my uh my sins are my my flesh, which is on the earth You know like because we don't think of ourselves as as seated spiritually with christ Amen, that's very encouraging. Thank you All right third section I titled this a wall torn down To build one temple in him. Yeah, brianna Is there a categorical difference between union with ascension and session? Yeah, yes. So like can you kind of explain that a little bit more? um Yeah, and and to be perfectly honest with you like, uh, I was racking my brain over this and I couldn't find any material on it so um When I was thinking about it like uh when the bible speaks of his ascension It's uh, it's the period of time between his resurrection and his session so um And yet all three of those periods are identified by theologians as all all three are identified as his exaltation So if you look at a flippians chapter two if you're looking at um, uh, Psalm chapter 16 psalm chapter 22 um The ascension of christ, I I believe is referring to um like uh The way that after a coronation ceremony a king would um This is just a picture a king would climb the steps to the throne. That is essentially what his ascension was um, it's so in my mind um in my mind Uh the way that I'm supposed to apply that to my life is um, it's a it's an ascension of status Like I'm ascending to the throne um Uh, so that's why it was humbling to me now. Um, I'm uh willing and open and uh ready to receive instruction on that because I don't think that I fully understand it So does that make sense? Okay, cool Ephesians chapter two And uh, I've I've blocked out Ephesians two and three sec, uh three different sections The second half, um versus 11 through 12 is um describing the context. So it's an exclusive Covenant community that would be the jews And it's called exclusive because the Gentiles are outside Versus 13 through 18 Is referring to how the barrier between those two groups is broken down in christ And then verses 19 through 22 as a result one people one temple of god in christ make sense Yes, okay. Thank you. Ephesians two. Let's look at the context 11 through 12 Therefore remember that formerly you he's talking to Ephesians here Greeks Therefore remember that formerly you the Gentiles in the flesh He speaks of in the flesh because spiritually they were Jews But in the flesh they were Gentiles Who are called the uncircumcision by the so-called circumcision? Which is performed in the flesh by human hands? Paul is hitting on the point that the work of circumcision is a temporal fleshly shadowy picture of a Spiritual reality. That's why he's kind of like repeating himself. He says it's performed in the flesh by human hands Because there is a circumcision that's not performed in the flesh and that is not performed by human hands That's called the circumcision of the heart regeneration Verse 12 remember that you were at that time separate from christ excluded from the common wealth of israel and strangers to the covenants of the promise Having no hope and without god in the world. That's the context of what paul's about to say to these uh Ephesians to these Greeks he's saying um under the old covenant There was one people of god Which were a biologically related people the jews the nation of the jews And you ephesians were at that time during the old covenant Dispensation you were at that time separate from christ excluded from the common wealth of israel. Why? Because you weren't included in the people of god under that uh administration under that covenant Does that make sense? That's what paul's saying. So Uh, what is the solution? Verse 13 but now In christ jesus you who formerly were far off Have been brought near by the blood of christ Amen, that's very encouraging. How are we brought near to god? Not in proximity. He's everywhere How are we brought near to god in relation by the blood of christ? Verse 14 for he himself is our peace who made both groups who were the two groups?  He made both groups into one And broke down the barrier of the dividing wall by abolishing in his flesh the enmity Which is the law of commandments contained in ordinances So that in himself he might make the two jews and gentiles into one new man Thus establishing peace and might reconcile them both in one body to god through the cross By it having put to death the enmity. So what's paul talking about here? He says you Ephesians Gentiles were excluded from the commonwealth of israel. You weren't recipients of the promises of god under the old covenant So what did jesus christ do when he came? jesus christ made both groups into one We should always be willing to put aside our presuppositions when we come to the word of god always Because what do i want to know? What theological position do i need to hold to? This one Ephesians 2 verse 13 But now in christ jesus you who you who formerly were far off have been brought near by the blood of christ For he himself is our peace who made both groups into one and broke down the dividing wall What jesus christ did when he died when he united a people to himself is he made two groups into one Who are the people of god? Everyone who's united to christ Under the old covenant There were jews who were lost You know like sol sol was a king of israel. He was lost He was circumcised. He was of the tribe of benjamin. He was lost You're telling me Somebody who was in covenant with god was lost was not a recipient of all these promises That's exactly right like um, uh, not a recipient of the prompt the eternal promises the spiritual promises The spiritual inheritance that we have the the inheritance of a christian sol The old testament king who was lost was not a recipient of those why because he wasn't united to christ So what jesus christ does when he unites the people to himself is he breaks down a barrier he breaks down a dividing wall, which is The old covenant system Of um entering into relationship with god There's a new covenant A new covenant and what hebrus chapter 8 says is when the new comes in with better promises it makes the old Obsolete that's right It's um, it's a grafting Into the tree of god Some branches were taken out When they were not fruitful when they were uh unbelieving Some branches were taken out even though they were branches. They were the people of god Those branches were taken out. They were pruned off And then other branches were grafted in who weren't originally a part of this tree That's uh, that's a picture of the covenant of god of god described in romans chapter 11. So Let's keep keep going. What's the result? So then verse 19 you are no longer strangers and aliens praise god But you are fellow because all of us are Gentiles. Okay, praise god You are no longer strained strangers and aliens, but you're fellow citizens with the saints and are of god's household Okay, introducing a new topic household. What are you talking about? Having been built built On the foundation foundation He's using construction type of terms right of the apostles and the prophets christ jesus himself being the the cornerstone That's what we're named after In whom in christ in the cornerstone the whole Building you see how he's using construction terms the whole building being fitted together and growing into a holy temple in the lord So what does christ do? At the ratification of the new covenant He makes this old covenant obsolete and everyone in the new covenant is considered The temple of god There's nothing about this temple Um, no there is no brick that has been placed on this temple that doesn't belong there Um God's building a temple right now you ever think about like why is this world still turning? Why doesn't god just you know Be done with it and start the new heavens and the new earth and it's because he's building a temple That's the reason that all of this is happening right now That's the reason that the world is still turning that reason Because he's still building his temple He's still adding it brick by brick and who are the bricks? What are the bricks?   I'm the temple of god awesome Okay, let's look at ephesians chapter three go to um verse 14 There's so much to be said, you know, we're really blazing over this Okay, the vision is chapter three Verse 14 for this reason. I bow my knees before the father. What's he talking? He's To bow your knees. It's just a figure of speech. He doesn't mean really like I you know bow my knees and I You know do my little rosary, you know, he's not talking about that He says for this reason I bow my knees before the father because it's a figure of speech implying prayer This is why I pray that's what Excuse me. That's why that's what paul's saying verse 15 Before the father From whom every family in heaven and on earth derives its name That he would grant you according to the riches of his glory To be strengthened with power Through his spirit in the inner man Verse 17 so that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith And that you being rooted and grounded in love May be able to comprehend with all the saints. What is the breath? And the length and the height and the depth and to know the love of god which surpasses knowledge That you may be filled up to all the fullness of god um Real quick What it means for god to dwell some like, uh, let me let me ask you. What is it? Um, what is paul implying? When he says, uh, when he uses this word dwelling Christ dwells in your heart by faith What's he implying? Is that like, um, is that like Uh, this where's my bottle of water? Is that like this bottle of water like, um Like this vessel like i'm a human being in the way that that christ dwells in my heart is by filling me up physically Like he occupies the same space as my blood and my veins and my bones and my muscles and my tendons and my ligaments No, that's not what it means by dwelling. So what does he mean? What's he referring to when he says that christ dwells in our hearts by faith Somebody take a shot at that well, we were we remember I remember from um The last book we did can't remember. Um, that god is everywhere and nowhere in particular So it can't mean what you were saying, but um in that last book it pointed out him dwelling with us covenantally Um in a personal way with his people Amen, that's exactly right. Um, so it doesn't mean spatially Okay, I I thought that for so many years That that's what it meant to be filled with the holy spirit that that's what it meant For him to dwell in me to abide in me It's not what it means. It's not spatial. Okay. God is everywhere You see he dwells in dogs. He dwells in uh the ground He dwells in this air like God is everywhere. All of him is everywhere all at once. That's what his omnipresence is That's what his omnipresence is referring to um So it's not spatial it's um, it's referring to all of this uh uh theology that's undergirding that one statement Covenantly dwelling The temple of god doing a personal work You see that's what he refers to when he says dwelling So what does it mean that christ dwells in our hearts by faith? It means when you exercise faith in christ um He does a he he is doing a personal work in you And he dwells in you as his temple individually um You individually And corporately Are the temple of christ So what's the second point under this? It's involved with our union with him, but um It's a result of it and I cannot look at Ephesians chapter three without looking at this verse. Okay verse um 18 We'll look at verse 17. So uh, he dwells in our hearts through faith. Why? um, so that we may be able verse 18 to comprehend With all the saints. What is the breath? This is a special text What is the breath? and length and height And depth and to know the love of god. I'm sorry the love of christ Which surpasses knowledge that you may be filled up to all the fullness of god What's the result of us being united to christ? um, there is A love of christ which has to it what paul refers to as a breath And the length And the height And a depth The love of christ has these different parameters which extend infinitely and What's the application of that? Well, let me ask you. Let me work backwards to depth Have you ever um in your christian walk? um, experienced your own um, uh sin and um Trespassing against god's law for a period of time that you felt so low low The psalmist in psalm 130 he said the first verse of this of this chapter No context. He says out of the depth. So i've cried to you, oh god Why does he say that because of his sin his sin makes him to feel low And you know what there is a love of god which has a depth that goes even lower to the lowest steps that you could reach That sits under you and holds you up make sense There is a height to the love of god no matter what trial you're going through christian or what persecution you're experiencing No matter how tall it seems you're not able to get over this thing There's a love of god which has a height to it which goes even farther above it There is a length To the love of god no matter how far away you feel from him You feel cold and you feel distant and your arm is just too short to reach out to him His love extends further and he's able to reach out to you And there's a breath there's a breath to the love of christ Which is um when you're experiencing something a trial a persecution whatever it may be which seems so wide that you can't get around it There's a breath There's a breath to the love of christ which goes even around that and can reach you does that make sense Does that not warm your heart and humble you that um the result of our union with christ is he's never gonna let you go And his love for you has a depth and a height and a length and a breath to it his love In union with you is suitable and answerable to any difficulty that you can experience in this life Praise god That right there is the most special thing that i've um that i've read in in the book of Ephesians. Excuse me That and maybe um the ascension with christ Even though i totally uh don't totally comprehend it Let's look at um Ephesians 4 14 through 16 We'll actually start at verse uh Let's start at verse 10 He who descended Is himself also he who ascended far above all the heavens So that he might fill all things And he gave some as apostles And some as prophets and some as evangelists and some as pastors and teachers For the equipping of the saints for the working uh i'm sorry for the work of service To the building up of the body of christ Until we all attain to the unity of the faith and of the knowledge of the son of god to a mature man To the measure of the stature which belongs To the fullness of christ that's the background of what we're about to read In other words christ ascended he gave gifts gifts to the church And um the purpose of those gifts is so that he can unite us all together in the body of christ Okay, so that we can grow to a unity of the faith and uh and how does he put it he says So that we may attain To the unity of the faith and of the knowledge of the son of god to a mature man To the measure of the stature Which belongs to the fullness of christ As a result verse 14 we're no longer to be children Tossed here and there by waves and carried about by every wind of doctrine by the trickery of men by Craftiness and deceitful scheming, but speaking truth. I'm sorry speaking the truth in love Here it is We are to grow up In all aspects into him Who is the head Even christ what's in what sense is he ahead? He's ahead of his body, which is the church From whom from this head from christ the whole body us Being fitted and held together by what every joint supplies According to the proper working of each individual part. We are going to look at that Causes the growth of the body for the building up of itself in love Who causes the growth of the body? It's the head. It's jesus christ Who is the body? His people the church every saved person Every saved person found in local churches. Okay So let's look at a couple things here Um as you know paul has been he's had this uh this theme of I'm sorry the temple of god in these chapters He's had that theme underlying there It's here too But instead of uh referring to himself as the cornerstone He refers to himself as the head And instead of referring to us as the bricks He refers to us as the body now it's uh It may seem to you as ironic That beforehand He said that we were the temple now. He calls us the body So let me ask you a question is the body of christ and the temple of christ the same thing Yes No, are they two different things? They're the same thing. They're the same thing. Let's look at um And and i'm gonna surprise you right now. Let's look at john chapter two real quick john chapter two if you can Flip there and We're gonna look at verse 18 This is after jesus christ goes into the temple and he's whipping around with a uh Uh, uh, uh, what was it called a whip? Okay. It's a whip And uh verse 18 the jews then said to him what sign do you show as your authority for doing these things? He just went into the temple started whipping because they were making his The house of god a robber's den his house of prayer a robber's den So they say what sign do you show us of your authority to do that? Jesus's response is really interesting. He's gonna. Um, he's gonna give them a sign the sign of jonah. He says Destroy this temple and in three days i'll raise it up now. Let me ask you What's he referring to when he says destroy this temple and in three days i'll raise it up his body Now isn't it interesting That in Ephesians we find that his body is the church And his body the church is the temple and here he's responding to the Pharisees And he's speaking of his body his human nature and he says this body is the temple and it's the body of christ Um, there is so much theology there and it's a theology of union with christ His human nature is the temple of god.  You see yeah, noel I just have a question to clarify In jon chapter two And i want to make sure that i'm understanding you correctly So i'm really what i'm looking for is for clarification Are you saying that in jon chapter two when he says the body he's referring to The body of christ as in us the believers or just his physical body or both Good question.  He's not he's not He is not talking about the church there and yet by virtue of our union with him.  Were we destroyed at christ's death? Yes, because we were united to him. You see but he was talking about his human nature. Okay Um for the sake of time, let's look at um, ephesians five. Let's move on Ephesians five Verse 25 This is the last section and i titled it christ's one flesh with his bride Husbands love your wives. We've got a responsibility husbands Just as christ also loved the church and gave himself up for her So that he might sanctify her having cleansed her by the washing of water with the word That he might present to himself the church in all her glory having no spot or wrinkle or any such thing But but that she would be holy and blameless so husbands Aught also to love their own wives as their own bodies. There it is again Uh, a husband's bride is to be loved like a husband's own body. There's a reason for that Okay, um So husband's also ought to love their own wives as their own bodies Uh, let's skip down for a little bit For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and shall be joined to his wife And the two shall become one flesh What what's that verse referring to that verse is referring To jesus and his bride see This mystery is great, but i'm speaking with reference To christ and the church i'm almost out of time So i'm gonna turn to song of salomon chapter one and verse four The bride is speaking and she says to her husband Draw me after you and let us run together The king has brought me into his chambers um because we're out of time This should be um a point of meditation for you like i said at the beginning We're going to talk about things that we don't normally think about and the bible speaks in unequivocal terms the bible speaks very um Brutally it speaks straightforward. It doesn't hold back things that god designed for our good Intimacy is one of those things. We shouldn't be afraid to talk about intimacy in the church because god's not afraid to talk about it in his word make sense um uh intimacy Is natural revelation or general revelation intimacy Is supposed to teach us something there is a spiritual reality that is the counterpart of intimacy and our special revelation interprets that for us So what does paul say in um first chrithians Chapter five he who's united himself to christ has become one spirit with him union with christ Is the spiritual counterpart to intimacy and um We're out of time, but that should be a something that you meditate on husbands wives um He designed intimacy for a purpose Single men single women you should think about that like um, there's a purpose to it. It's not um purposeless meaningless Um, but god designed it to communicate something to us. Okay? Let's uh, let's pray You are so merciful. Oh god We are so thankful to you for your special revelation How you teach us um from your word about yourself We are um Very far beneath you, but there's a love that reaches down even farther We are so grateful to you We lift up our hearts and praise to you speechless before your word as you tell us of all the wonderful things that you've planned for us


Hello. In this video, we're going to be taking a look at the calendar. Now the first thing I want to say about the calendar is that the one we have installed is pretty rudimentary. Does get the job done, but it's not exactly the most pretty calendar in the world. If you would rather use Google Calendar as your library's calendar or you already are using Google Calendar and you'd like to integrate that into WordPress, just give me a call. Let me know. And there are some things I can do to make that work for you. But for in this video, we are going to talk about the built-in calendar. Now the first thing that you need to know is that we've pre-installed it for you. And I'm going to go ahead and select pages and then all pages. And that will be the list of the default pages that are installed for you. And one of them here is calendar. I'm going to go ahead and click on edit and I'm going to show you this. Now all that you will see here is just this square brackets with the word calendar and all caps. That's what makes the calendar work on this page. You can insert some text above it. You can insert some text below it if you would like. If you remove this bit of text that is here right now, your calendar will disappear. So please do not edit or remove this particular block of text. Like I said, if you want to put something above it or below it, that's okay. Just don't remove that. Then you can find all the rest of what you can do your work on the calendar over here under the calendar menu item. So I'm going to go ahead and select calendar. And the first thing I'm going to do actually is I'm going to select manage categories. One of the things you might want to do before you get started is consider categorizing your items or your calendar events. Let's say you want to categorize them by whether they're adult events or children's events or all ages events. That would be just an example. You can do that here. And so there is a category that's already built in called general. I'm going to go ahead and leave that alone for a second. But I'm going to go ahead here and say kids as a new category. And the hex color here is if you want to say things in this item are going to be red, things in this item are going to be blue. Unfortunately, you can't just type red or blue here. You do have to put in a code. What I would suggest is I'm going to pick a couple that I just know. In fact, I want to just pick some at random. But if you Google hex colors, HEX space colors, you can get a chart of all of the codes that you would need to type in. So in this case, I'm going to go ahead and type FF000. I do believe that is a red color. So I'm going to go ahead and save that. And in fact, yep, there it is, kids and red. I'm going to say adults. And I'm going to call that, I'm going to make that green. And then I'm going to go ahead and say teens. And I'm going to make that blue, which is going to be four zeros and two Fs there. So I now have a general category, a kids, adults, and teens category. Now notice that I can delete the ones I've added. You'll notice that general has to stay. Everything has to be at least in the general category. And then if you want to edit the name of them or what color they are, you notice here we have edits for each one of these. Now you don't have to use categories at all. But if you do, it will behoove you to set up these categories before you actually start putting events into your calendar. So now that I've done that, I'm going to go ahead and select manage calendar on the menu on the left. And this is where you can start putting events into your calendar. Now as I mentioned at the beginning of this video, it's pretty rudimentary. So one thing I do suggest is you keep things kind of short. So let's say, for example, Stephen King is coming to the library. And he will be doing a reading and book signing. And I'm going to leave that in the general category. If I had a web page that provided more information, I could put the URL of that here. In this case, just for fun, I'll put in StephenKing.com just to show you how that works. I'll be putting a start date and an end date. And let's say this is going to happen on Saturday, the 27th of September. And it is going to happen in this case at, let's say, 2 o'clock in the afternoon. And is this going to be a repeating event? Let's say no, it's not. It's just going to happen the one time. So I'm going to go ahead and click save. Now what will happen is it will say event added. It will show in your calendar. And if I scroll on down here, you will see a list of my events showing up now down at the bottom of the page. We go ahead and put in one more story time. Four ages, five to 12, let's say. And I'll correct that O there. And I'm going to say this is a kids event. I'm not going to bother putting a link in there. And let's say we do this every Monday morning at 9 AM. And because it is a weekly event, we're going to say it repeats every one weeks. And I'm going to go ahead and click save there. And it now says the time field must either be blank or entered. So basically what I did here is I forgot to put the zero. Put the zero in for me automatically. Try that save again. And now we have a general event and a repeating kids event. So what is this going to look like on my actual website? Well, what I've done here is I've already pulled up the calendar page. And I'm going to go ahead and refresh that now that I've added some events. And you will see here we have Stephen King. And we have our weekly story time. And if you notice really quickly, as I hover over this, it will show me the time and the brief description. If I hover over this one, time and brief description, which you'll notice these, nothing actually happens. I'm going to go ahead and click on that. And you'll just see the page is just going to reload itself because I did not give it a URL. In this case, if I hover over and click because I put in that stevenking.com, it takes me to the Stephen King website. So you can put very short descriptions into your calendar events. And then you can create a blog post or a whole separate page on your website that you can link to that provides all the information that people will need. Now, the one other thing I want to point out to you about creating events and when I said keeping things short is this is a very long title for an event. And in fact, notice it stopped typing. So it will cut you off at a certain point. And so I'm just going to leave this at this is a very long title. Let's go ahead and say this is a teen event. And we're going to just put it for right now and we'll save it. So now I have that teen event. You'll notice this is a very long title kind of wrapped here. I go back to my page and refresh. You'll see here it kind of wraps really weird. This is a very long title. And especially if you start getting dates with multiple events on it, that your calendar will start to stretch. And it will start to stretch to fit the content you've put in it. So this is where I said it's pretty basic. It does work. Google Calendar takes a lot more effort, but looks a lot prettier, so your call. But try to keep those titles really short. And I think things will look a lot better for you. OK, the last thing I need to talk about is calendar options. Now, there's going to be a separate video that I've already done for you that talks about widgets. Some of these items under calendar options are going to affect the calendar widget. So you might need to cross-reference with that video. The first option here is choose the lowest user group that may manage events. We talked about this in the user's video as to what a level you assign a user. You can say that people of only editors and hire could add events to the calendar. You can say any contributor or hire or just administrators can add. So you need to decide who it is you want to be able to add content to your calendar. Do you want to display author names on the events? If you have multiple people creating events in your calendar, you can have the calendar say who created the event. Don't recommend it, however, just because there is that space limitation that I've already shown you and author names are going to take up space and it won't look as nice. Display a jump box for changing month and year quickly. Notice the default here is no. You can go ahead and change this to yes and then click Save. And now if I go back over to my calendar, you'll see here just this calendar and it has previous and next to allow you to go to previous and next months. But now if I refresh because I changed that option to yes, now we have the previous and next but we've also added a I want to jump to July of 2023 and click Go to jump there. I would say probably not needed. Usually previous and next does a pretty good job. But if you want to do that, you just go ahead and change this display a jump box to yes. The next two options here are display today's events and display upcoming events. This has to do with the calendar widget. There is a widget that you can put into the sidebar of your website that allows people to see the forthcoming events in your calendar without actually going to the calendar. And in the widgets video, I do demonstrate that briefly. In this case, you can choose yes or no for today and yes or no and how far into the future you want that content to be. Enable event categories. Notice this is no by default. If I go back to my calendar and I go back to September 2014, which is where we've actually created some events, you notice everything is the same color. That's because this is no by default. So if I really want to take advantage of those categories and those colors, I go ahead and change this to yes. Click Save. Go ahead and refresh my calendar. And you will now see that there is a color key down at the bottom and there is these colored events. Now, you will also notice that in using bright red and bright blue, that text is very hard to read. So if you are going to use this, go ahead and take a look at one of those hex color charts and pick some lighter colors. Notice this yellow actually kind of works quite well. And you might need to experiment with that because these bright primary colors are going to make pretty much the text useless. The last thing we have here on the calendar options is configuring the style sheet for the calendar. This is actually the CSS code that makes all those colors work and what fonts is being used and what font size is being used and things like that. If you are familiar with CSS, you are welcome to play with this if you want to. If all else fails and you completely screw it up, go ahead and tick this box here and then click Save. And this will reset this all back to the way it was before you started playing with it and will undo any of your changes. If you're not familiar with CSS, absolutely no reason to need to play with this. So that's the basics of the calendar that's built in. Remember GU calendar is an optional. Just drop me a line if you would like to try that instead. And thanks for watching.


Welcome back to the lecture series on NPTEL on bioelectricity. So, today we are into the 14th lecture. So, in the last lecture we initiated with the simple circuits the primitive circuits of the system. So, we started talking about the stretch reflex arc and I explain you the three major component of the stretch reflex arc, the muscle, the motor neuron, the sensory neuron. Sensory neuron is the one which is carrying the message from the muscle about the change in length and motor neuron is bringing back the message telling the muscle to come back to its original position. So, there are within this domain there are few other small elements. So, the sensory neuron which goes into the spinal cord and conveys the message to the motor neuron. It may do it either by directly synapsing on the motor neuron or it may synapse via a inter neuron. These are series of small neurons which perform a wide range of function in terms of computation at the central nervous system. Now, at the level of muscle there are two components. The one component is the component which senses the change in length or the sensor element. The other one is the actual muscle which is getting stretched and coming back towards original position. So, last time when I showed you the circuit, I did not introduce all those nitty gritty details. So, today I will introduce all those nitty gritty details. So, coming back to the slides. So, this is lecture 14 and let us draw the circuit now. So, this is the muscle which I am drawing in green now. It is the change in length of this muscle which matters and within that muscle you have certain elements like this. These elements are essentially the elements which could sense the change in length. So, they have a special name. Those are called muscle spindle. So, now talking about muscle I have to tell you little bit about the muscle before I could explain what is muscle spindle and what is a regular muscle. So, muscles generally if you go through in physiology or developmental aspect of muscle you will realize muscle development is a very interesting process. What initially happens when the embryo is developing and the all the muscle all our musculatures are being formed it kind of starts like this. So, you have certain specific cells which are destined to become muscle fine those which are destined to become muscle initially divides after division they align themselves kind of in a line and then those individual cells loses their part of their cell membrane and becomes a continuous structure which is called a minor tube. So, say for example just what I am trying to tell you it starts like this say for example, these are individual muscle cells fine or say for example, these are the muscle these are the initial cells which are destined to become muscle fine like this. So, these cells initially starts dividing. So, the division process starts they are dividing now you will see clustering of them they dividing out parent cell to daughter cells likewise same here same here. So, once they divide the next thing they do they align themselves something like this they are aligning themselves as if they are standing in a line as if you are in a morning assembly in a school and you are standing in a line they align themselves like this. Once they align themselves the next thing what happens is that these contact boundaries what I am drawing now these contact boundaries are now merged. So, there is no individual boundary left between these muscles and this is exclusively I am talking about the skeletal muscle. So, essentially what you obtain is a structure like this a continuous structure with all the nuclei of the individual. So, these structures are called these are the smallest functional unit of muscle these are called myotubes and these are called myo or the or the muscle stem cells you can call them they are sometimes also called satellite cell because these are the cell which are destined to become muscle and these are dividing myo sites myo means muscle sites means cell cells. So, this is how the myotubes are formed now then how come this next element which I was trying to tell you this spindles are formed. So, that is something a definite story. So, there are two existing theories. So, let me explain the theory then I will tell you diagrammatically exactly what happens one theory says then when we talk about muscle stem cells there are cells which this time to become a different kind of muscle this is one theory. So, in other word coming back to the drawing if I come back to the drawing out in the slide. So, whenever we talk about this muscle stem cells. So, there may be one of the theory says there may be other kind of muscle cells which are different from the existing ones like this and they attain a different pathway instead of making a myotube like this they form very specialized structure like something like this a spindle shaped structure and these spindle shaped structure has the ability to they are called muscle spindle which is essentially this kind of structures and this muscle spindle have the ability to monitor the change or change in length of the muscle. This is one existing theory it is not really clear there is another theory that other theory is even more interesting it says that the muscle starts developing from the common root there is a pool of cells stem cells which design to become muscle they become myotubes but at the myotube level some of the myotubes. So, at this stage now coming back to the slides again at this stage some of the myotubes go for a different fate and those myotubes eventually becomes muscle spindle. But how exactly this development is going on and of course there is another catch to this game they say that this formation of the muscle spindle is also a function of the neuronal innervation the kind of neuron which so then the blue what you see is the neuronal innervation I am drawing say that this formation of muscle spindle is a function of the kind of neuron which is synapsing on them decides what will be the fate of that particular myotube. So, whatever be the story we really do not know how they originates and how they are formed. But what we know is the first drawing which I draw drew for you people coming back to the slides if you look at it like this. So, basically if I now redraw it it will be something like this. So, these are the myotubes all over the place and within the myotubes there are another series of different kind of myotubes different kind of structures which are these ones they are embedded and the proportion of these muscle spindle is far less as compared to the gross the muscle. So, there is another classification on this that classification is essentially called muscle type if you have to say or myotube type muscle type. So, irrespective of this is so there are multiple ways you can classify the muscle one classification is of course, most traditional classification which is the smooth muscle cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle this is kind of, but there is at the level of myotubes there is another set of classifications which is called intrafusal muscle and extrafusal muscle. So, extrafusal is that bulk structure of the muscle what is present and intrafusal are those muscle spindle like structure which proportionately are very less as compared to the extrafusal muscle. So, now this these are the two elements which becomes the which are the contribution or the muscle component of the stretch reflex arc circuit. So, what now I am now slowly slowly opening up the circuit now if this is the case and now if this is a extrafusal fiber likewise you know and just for your interest to realize these extrafusal fibers are the bulk fiber these individual myotubes form super coil structure among each other and they form fibers myofibers. So, we started with myosites we form myotubes from myotubes we form myofibers and these individual myofibers then those spiral like those inter twinned structure then interact with other inter twinned structure of fibers and they form what you see is your muscle the whole muscle fiber. So, it is a very interesting three dimensional structure of coiling and super coiling which constitute gives you all the strength of all the work you do all your life. So, coming back. So, now we are now dissecting out the individual component among this. So, this is your extrafusal fiber all over the place and within this extrafusal fiber you have these interesting component of muscle spindles which are sitting like this and they are actually spindle shaped kind of structure and these are the nuclei and out here there are multiple nuclei likewise. Now, this circuit first of all here. So, as I told you that it is the muscle spindle which has the ability to sense the change in length. So, now impact falling on this fine that is I am showing in yellow once the impact falls on it what happens is this this muscle length gets changed. So, say for example, if it is a finite length let us assume it has a finite length of l fine l you can put any unit centimeter millimeter whatsoever fine. So, now when the stretch falls this length changes to become l plus delta l. So, delta is the deformation which has taken place in the muscle muscle is stretched now in a stretched condition fine. Now, at this stage what will happen now let us add one more component to this circuit that component is the sensory element component. So, where is the sensory element component sitting sensory element component. So, one more thing. So, the muscle has changed simultaneously this stretch has also changed the length of the muscle spindle. So, if this was initially l. So, it becomes l plus if it is l prime then this become l prime delta l prime this is the individual smaller part of it. So, there is a change. So, this muscle spindle is inner weighted by the sensory neurons like this. And the sensory neuron is like this is the cell body out here is going all the way to the spinal cord. So, now whenever there is a change in signal this muscle spindle senses this change and sense electrical stimuli like this in the form of train of action potential to the sensory neuron. So, this is your sensory neuron sensory neuron enters inside the spinal cord. Once it enters inside the spinal cord I told you there are two options this change in length it has already decoded. So, the message there is a change in length there is a specific train of action potential this change is communicated by a train of action potential. In other word would happen now a mechanical energy mechanical energy is translated into electrical energy mechanical energy is translated into electrical energy first translation first change in the energy formatting. Now, this reaches the spinal cord and as I told you there are two options at spinal cord it may either it may either directly convey this signal to the motor neuron or it can convey this signal through small inter neuron present there are multiple inter neuron present in the spinal cord. So, we put both the situation or actually most of the time it is through inter neuron. So, let us put an inter neuron out here which is innovating which is picking up the signal and this it is conveying this signal now conveyed to the motor neuron out here let us put the motor neuron component. So, here in violet you have the motor neuron. So, here one this electrical signal which came from this train of electrical signal which came from the sensory neuron is now transmitted to the inter neuron. So, this electrical signal mechanical to electrical signal now moves to another set of electrical computation. From this inter neuron this train which is now modified the information has been decoded is transmitted to in the form of electrical current to the motor neuron. So, another level of computation taken. So, look at it in a such a simple circuit another set of electrical signal and this electrical signal is the motor neuron the previous one was in the inter neuron and the first one was in the sensory neuron SN SN is the sensory neuron IN is the inter neuron and last one is the motor neuron. Now, motor neuron out here which is the largest neuron carries the message back to the muscle and this junction is called neuro muscular junction. So, now the electrical signal of the motor neuron is translated again back to a mechanical signal in muscle and this essentially the train of electrical impulse sent by the motor neuron is essentially telling if this signal which was conveyed by the sensory neuron was the signal of plus delta L change in length. And this mechanical signal which is sent by the motor neuron to the muscle essentially tries to tell it minus delta L. So, the first set of electrical stimulus which from the muscle after the stretch and after the increase in a delta L length is conveyed to the spinal cord motor neuron via inter neurons. Now, inter neuron the mass sorry the motor neuron compute the signal and send back a message in the form of electrical impulse to the muscle and tell the muscle that change in length what you had at few infinitesimal t time before this should be retracted back it should be minus delta L now. So, this electrical signal what out here is originating on the motor neuron is diametrically opposite if you have to understand it from this signal which was conveyed in terms of plus delta L and this one is saying minus delta L. So, come back to its original position. So, after this change it will tell you come back. So, that it should be again becomes L. So, this is essentially if you look at it for such a primitive for such a simple circuit this is the most primitive circuit which has evolved through million of years. Even this circuit also has first a mechanical signal 2 i electrical signal then that electrical signal gets modified at 2 different level. And then again that electrical signal after all this modification come back and telling convey it is getting converted into electrical to mechanical signal. So, this is the beauty of biological computation and how you can study we have already talked you can poke an electrode out here you can poke an electrode here. If you can really rebuild the circuit on a chip or you can do it in animal proportions very tricky though you can pick an electrode here you can poke an electrode here several ways you can really measure all the signal you can stimulate this circuit and you can do the measure, but yet there are several things which on this circuit what we have been touched first thing what we have touched let me tell you is how when there is a stretch on the muscle how this change is being sensed or in other word this change in length I told you that there is a change in length in the on the muscle spindle change in the length in the muscle spindle how that information on the muscle spindle is transmitted to the spinal cord. Because I will tell you why I am asking this question because as of now whenever I in the last class I was trying to explain the sign apps and everything I told you something like this it is working like this if this is a muscle and this is a neuron then the signal which comes from here the train which comes from here is conveyed here, but think of it here is a reverse situation happening if this is a muscle spindle this signal is being picked up by if this is a sensory neuron in blue. So, this signal is being picked up out here. So, this transduction out here I am showing it to you in green this transduction how this signal how this change in this length is being conveyed is not clear it is really, really tricky to understand how this information from muscle spindle is transmitted to the sensory neuron it is not yet known there is lot of research going on to understand what kind of ion channels are dictating this phenomena and where exactly the signal is it just a physical change or the stretch and pushmen pull or is it because of this stretch these two structure this integrated structure between the muscle spindle and the sensory neuron is so integrated. So, for example, imagine this is your muscle spindle and this these are the processes of the sensory neuron and there is a pressure falling on this something like this is it so integrated that how that electrical signal is transmitted is still a mystery it is not really clear it is suspected though there are some very specialized kind of sodium channels which are involved, but what are their nature and how they are functioning is a matter of speculation at this stage there is no clear cut proof to tell how this transduction is taking place this is one area which is unknown in this circuit. Because as of now building muscle spindle full flageant muscle spindle outside the system is kind of very challenging there are very few labs who has managed little bit in that area, but a significant work is yet to be accomplished before we really understand what muscle spindles are and if you look back while I was trying to tell you the origin of this. So, this is the thing we really do not know the origin of this muscle spindle, but they are those elements which are kind of biologies if you heard this word MEMS micro electromechanical system. So, these are biologies wonder boys of micro electromechanical devices they are small yet they could translate a mechanical information into electrical information and likewise and at the micron level. So, we really do not know coming back sorry yeah we really do not know how this information of change in length is being conveyed from the muscle spindle to the sensory neuron. Next thing is that what we know of course, there are two sets of motor neurons. So, when I showed you the circuit out here I told you that this set of motor neuron or this motor neuron is coming all the way and you know taking care of your muscle fine, but I told you that there is a change in the length of this muscle spindle too. So, the muscle spindle has to come back to its original position how that is being taken care. So, at this stage there is I will introduce one more complexity to this circuit there is another set of motor neuron those are called gamma motor neuron. And these are called alpha motor neurons these gamma motor neurons simultaneously convey a message which inner weights on the muscle spindle and ask it to reduce its length. So, now I am introducing one more complexity to this circuit. So, this signal which went through the internal neuron is conveyed to the gamma motor neuron. So, now just to make the slide much more cleaner. So, component wise you have let us once again let me put all the components one by one you have extra fusel fiber you have intra intra fusel fiber intra fusel fiber or which is also called muscle spindle you have on this side you have sensory neurons this is the you have inter neurons one or multiple then you have motor neurons shown by M N alpha and gamma. So, for the same stretch reflect circuit what I started in the beginning of this class or in the previous class reflects arc. Now if you look at it there are at least six components you have the stretch sensor in the form of muscle spindle you have the muscle which is executing the job in the form of extra fusel fiber. You have the sensory neuron which is wrapped on the muscle spindle which carries the information translate the information to the inter neurons inter neurons divide the information into two components and one component goes to the alpha motor neurons the other goes to the gamma motor neurons. The gamma motor neurons brings which inner weights the muscle spindle brings back the message that this is the change in the muscle spindle you should come back to its original shape because you have to send the next stimuli whereas the alpha motor neuron tells the extra fusel fiber to come back to its original position. So, let us start connecting all this what I have just told you. So, here is the deal so the first is the here is the impact falling in yellow now back. So, it is this is where the first set of signal goes from here the signal is moving to inter neuron from inter neuron the signal is getting divided into two parts alpha to gamma from here this gamma is telling this to come back to its original shape the alpha is telling extra fusel fiber to come back to its original shape. So, what happened here is delta l plus delta l information this plus delta l information in the form of electrical stimuli is being conveyed to inter neurons. The motor neuron does a series of computation and its sensor signal minus delta l prime that is the change in the length of the muscle spindle and minus delta l which is the change in the length of extra fusel fiber and brings it back. So, essentially plus delta l and or plus delta l prime these are the two set of information which is coded and sent to the sensory neuron and if we really succeed in next 100 years there will be time when these electrical signals in the form of action potential could be deconvulated into the different component of l delta l likewise and all those things. So, when we talk about neural code it is that neuronal signature or action potential signature which travels in the form of action potentials from by translating a mechanical stimuli as mel stimuli hearing of course, that is also translated as a mechanical stimuli or a visual stimuli into electrical signal and what are those unique electrical features is a matter of tremendous contention that what are those features what makes you realize that you know this is mel is of say some specific some rose perfume or some you know jasmine perfume or this particular thing taste like that particular wine or likewise you know these electrical signatures are all. So, basically what essentially I am trying to tell you all these informations are coded within the action potentials with some mechanical signal whether it is a visual signal whether it is a say a taste signal how these are coded is the area which is the next frontier for mankind of understanding something called a neural code and if you look through this circuit what I have just drawn for you people I mean look at the level of complexities which are involved here. So, even at this stage if you look at this what sensory neuron is doing they are so simple basically what you will see in a in a patch clamp. So, if this is a sensory neuron you will what you will be seeing is something like this that is it now how from this you can deconvulate it back and tell this component is saying the change in delta is the change in change in length of say muscle spindle and change in length of extrafusal fiber. Extrafusal fiber these are the questions because that is what it will tell if you put an electrode out here a patch electrode or you know any extracellular intracellular that is the training you are going to get. What kind of mathematical tools you will be needing to decipher these signals that how this process is being actually coded by a neuron which could you know in mathematics I mean basically what you are doing is that you are integrating all this signal in one packet and then you know within the packet which component is for whom and then you are kind of you know it is just like there are lot of letters you know they are in a van and they have to be distributed and the postman exactly knows you know this will go to this will go to this house this will go to this house this will go to this house. How a neuron does that how I mean think of it I mean how beauty it is that at this level if you come back to the circuit on the slide you will see at this level also when it is conveying to it is partly conveying to the two kind of say for example, internal it knows which signal like which one has to be conveyed to which one and from here again they are following the separate path and not only that there is one more thing which I have not discussed of course, we are going to come back on this. So, when this signal is coming at the neuromuscular junction from the motor neuron there is a transduction process which of course, will be dealing as we will be progressing how this electrical signal is again translated into a mechanical signal in the muscle and leads to the contraction of the muscle we have not discussed that will be discussing it. So, what I wanted to kind of get in front of you is the thinking process what you guys need to cultivate to understand this whole area of bioelectricity the way things have evolved the way the electrical signals are changing their features and way are so much information is encoded in those action potentials that is something you just have to not only have to read you have to think over it because there is a lot of thinking involved here because it is on all those waves lies the very core of our existence the very core who we are lies in those waves and this needs immense amount of thinking and speculation and imagination to figure this out and that is why I am kind of putting them instead of really you know bogging down with information I am trying to tell you that see how such a simple circuit you can get the recordings not a big deal there are a whole range of, but to appreciate the bioelectrical signal you need to have your imagination in place you think that wow this is not something such an easy feed this must have taken a million years of evolution to reach to that point where you can code this signals and think of the application if some day somebody could decode these kind of things or say for example something like this I mean if somebody could decode if mankind can do so how easy will be our next generation computers how much informations how much how was the whole communication concepts are going to change because biology store way more information and if our average life is 8 years then for 8 years it kept on storing the information the way it wish to so I will close in here in the next class will resume further from this circuit there are aspect of the circuit which we have in dealt especially with the how electrical energy translated into mechanical energy on the muscle we will talk about it we will talk about the molecular structure of the muscle for the proteins how they are arranged and how their movement brings about the contraction and how the neuronal signal is conveyed to them thanks a lot.


Hey guys, welcome to Snowbreak Containment Zone and we have an update notice. This was yesterday, so it's 18 hours from today. Before we go to the CN tier list breakdown, I'd like to go through this because part of the update on the 27th would be a lot of maintenance patch notes and follow-up optimizations including increase and adjust the strength of some operatives. So this we will discuss during the tier list in a while. Who do you think will be will be buff, will be debuff. So these might be positive changes or negative changes plus update on the sniper rifle horn of Orca. Also they will be bringing in efficiency of obtaining neural connection of giggle link, reduce completion conditions, and weekly tasks to alleviate burden of the weekly task which is nice so that we could go over our tasks quickly and go about playing the game. And a raid function for the operating system or for the operation This I think will be a clear system if you have cleared a certain stage instead of playing through at least once and getting let's say for example rewards for there's a multiplier right? So now I think they're going to put in a clear system to reduce the time consumed for daily tasks which is nice. This is not confirmed guys. I'm just speculating on the raid function for the operation system and fix problems and all of these things. Add new co-op gameplay and related events which is nice. The community has been clamoring for community events so far and these will be a welcome addition definitely and fix other known issues. So this these will happen on July 27th UTC plus 8 so take note of that. There's no mention of a time yet on what time the update will drop but take note of that one. So moving on to the tier list and who do you think will be buffed or debuffed? Okay so if you guys haven't seen this tier list this is a CN tier list that we have courtesy of Billy Billy by I'm not sure who this is but thank you for this tier list for giving us at least an information on how these operatives are being played. So now I'm gonna use the term operative it's much cooler than character but we are going to break this down starting from I'm not gonna start by by weapon this one this tier list is classified per weapon so the left part is SMG the second to the left is going to be a rifle the middle is a shotgun this one is a sniper rifle and the last column would be your handgun so I won't I won't discuss on what you call this on on each of the guns I'll basically discuss the characters and why they're there anyway I'll be putting a link to the description for for this tier list so that you might might have a second reference for this one but we will start with tier B guys and we have here this is Enya Enya again is a pistol user I was able to try out her kit actually I was quite happy with her kit and I'm I'm actually I'm actually wondering why she's in tier B for me I think she could move up to tier A some say that it's the difficulty of using her kit but again sometimes difficulty is very subjective so I think Enya here on the bottom right is going to be should be in tier A should be in tier A probably receiving buffs I hope that the bottom tier received buffs and on the bottom right left side is actually Cherno this girl here so Cherno um I think I agree with this one with this assessment I think I used her once or twice uh I don't like using her kit I don't like um although when you use someone with an SMG it's usually the same but in terms of her kit um I am unless if you want the skill averse that she can travel between platforms then and also if we could use that in a certain stage then it would be a you know she should be up not from tier B but for now I think she is right where she is okay moving on to tier A here so we have tier A um this is Marian four star this is Yao four star this is Haru four star and this is Nita four star so all are four stars so do you think that they should be up I think that the ones deserving here of a buff is going to be um if if you want my you know my my honest opinion it should be Nita Nita's kit I don't like how she's built um if you compare her with Fanny their kit is really really far apart that you wouldn't you know you wouldn't use Nita over Fanny so at this point I'd like to see a rework or a buff for Nita and the rest I think should be the same so that is your tier A for your tier S this is going to be exciting because um let's move up to the ones that we have up here okay so we have here tier S so we know tier SS and SS SS SS and S so again for tier S um do I agree with Moxier here at this point yes um I'm pretty intrigued by her kit I'm actually testing her out now there is just a certain level of difficulty in Moxier's kit so there she is the one with the cat ears there's a certain sense of curiosity in me that I'd like to bring her kit but um I agree that she's in SS um probably test her out I don't think she's gonna be in SS I'm sorry she's in S so sorry I don't think she's gonna be in SS uh probably just S so moving on to this is actually curious because um I'm actually curious why he put uh Freysha here five star Freysha is lower than four star Freysha um if I may say both of them I have used again this tier list is very subjective guys um I'm just critiquing my own opinion of of how this should be I think both Freysha should be swapped Freysha SS is actually Freysha five star is actually very very enjoyable to use I like her kit I like to use her ultimate and her active skill and she compliments some of the girls in the roster so again both of these should be swapped I don't know why it's this order but again five star should be in SS four star should be in S the last two on S is life four star life four star I think should be up a bit SS because she um life four star gives you tremendous value as a beginner and you could really use her up up until now um if you don't really have the the the five star version four star is actually a well balanced character well balanced kit I don't see any you know any reason why she should be in S she should be in SS so those are my thoughts I've actually used her in CBT and um part of um launch I still see that she is in SS next is this is Chen Xing Chen Xing as well I think should be in SS with the value that she gives for healing plus um her primary and ultimate skills actually give you value especially in some certain some certain stages that you you know you need co-op she's actually killing it in co-op um there are some stages that you she will really deal damage while you're not there because of her pods so I think um I think Chen Xing should be in SS as well so moving up we have here um okay so life five star if life four star is going to be in SS life five star should be in SS the upper tier here because um I'm I would say I'm a little bit biased because I enjoy using her kit over Yao or or Hasha Kaguya I'm not saying that they're bad kits but I enjoy her uh using her kit over these two because she's my primary shooter so again and also her primary skill frost wolves is crazy crazy good um it's just that I think she's in SS because she's she uses his sub machine gun and it's really prone to ricochet but again that's the only problem uh apart from you know apart from that I don't think I have a problem with her kit um she should be in SS SS triple S definitely so again we have a verdict on on Frisha four star she should be in S um both of Fennies Fennie four star yes for SS um but um Fennie five star I think should also be in triple S because again she I tell you guys she is also fun to use her kit does tremendous damage as well so so again um I'd take a five star over four star at this point I don't think they're equal so five star should be in triple S and we have here last is Marianne for SSS so again for Marianne I think she's this is um this is five star Marianne I think she's deserving here Yao is the best sniper definitely at triple S so no change here and the last column both Kaguya's are in triple S um I think well deserved well deserved um very nice for crowd control very nice in picking off mobs um the only difficulty is that if you're not used to bringing a pistol wielder then they're gonna be a challenge for you so who do you think are going to be buffed here debuffed I'm not sure this is I think I think Marianne could get a buff probably um also I'd like to get I'd like to have Fennie four star a buff although her kit is actually nice already it's pretty much packing damage but I want more creativity in her kit at this point I'm not sure if they're gonna change the skills probably just gonna change the stats but if given opportunity I'd like some changes in her skills so both are damage dealing could have other you know other quirks or perks so that is it so this is the CN tier list this was released on July 19 that was a day before before launch so this tier list guys will change soon especially if um the buffs or debuffs are going to be significant definitely somebody will go up and somebody will go down so that is it guys that is or those are my thoughts for the tier list so what do you think of the tier list um let's discuss in the comment section what do you think of the placements do you agree with this tier list or not so again I will put a description on of this tier list in the I will put a link on the description of this tier list so that you could have a reference for this one so thank you very much for staying this far take care stay safe this is The Warden and I'm out of here


The successful execution of an application or a service, for a certain user, is essentially related to the overall management of all the functions. It means NGN recognizes this particular reality and earmarks or allocates a specific module that implements all the management-related functionality. The management functions are primarily executed by the management function modules, but there is also a provision of integrating management in the service and transport stratum per se. But in this module, we are going to specifically look at how the management of resources and the overall execution of an application is done in the NGN. For that, we shall see how specifically quality, that we may call as quality of service, is overseen, how the security is managed and how the reliability is managed. The management functions are implemented in the NGN framework through proper functional entities, that is, we have management function performing entities. What these entities are? These could be simple network devices, these could be end servers or these could be agents which are installed on any network or host device. The management functionality is implemented in both the stratum, that is, the service stratum and the transport stratum. After all, management is such an important activity that it has to be performed at both these stratums. The scope of management is the entire network, that is, regarding the service provisioning, the application provisioning and whatever it takes. So specifically, the network management, the network element management, now what is the difference between the two? The network element management means the management of individual modules or the network element such as a host, a router, a bridge or a server. That's the network element. But once that network element management individually is concerned, it's called the network element management. But once the parts are integrated into a whole, then the network management issue comes up. So management functions essentially address both. Then there's also the service management, that is, how exactly is the service provisioned. Regarding the service provisioning, we have a metric, we all know it's called the quality of service. So the quality of service is defined in the form of some kind of contract or service level agreement. Then it is implemented in the form of how exactly the network is going to implement it. It's called the quality of network. The quality of network is how capable or how ready a certain network is to provide quality of service that was initially contracted between the end user and the NGN. And while a certain network achieves a part or whole of the quality of service is determined by the end user itself, that's called the quality of experience. Now these are the dimensions, of course not limited to these only, which come under the umbrella of the quality management. Then there's another aspect that the management functions implement, although the other modules in the transport and service stratum are also responsible for partly implementing the security. But security management as independent management functional modules are also deployed in the management functions. And why is that? Because the overall NGN is providing the open access to the services. Any user from any network can activate or request a certain application or a certain service. So it means there is some kind of openness to it. That's a concern because with this openness comes vulnerability as well. Then the internet by default is open. It means internet does not prevent anyone to access the NGN, be it a legitimate end user or it could even be a hacker. So it means the security mechanism has to be in place to check or to manage any kind of threat or vulnerability. Then we have the reliability management. Reliability is a very broad term because it can be understood with regards to the hardware infrastructure or it could be seen as how a certain application or a service is reliable or how long does it continue. It has so many aspects to it but for now we shall keep our scope limited by looking at certain aspects of reliability. The first one is of course the application or the service. How long is an application or service provided? Was it intermittent? Was it smooth? Was it on the schedule time? Was it delayed? Was it of certain quality? This all comes under the umbrella of reliability. Then if the service outage was observed, how quickly it was recovered? So all these come under the umbrella of the notion of the uptime, down time, repair time, availability etc. Now while designing the functional modules that implement reliability management of the overall NGN services, applications and the infrastructure, it is always a goal that is desired. It is an ideal goal that whatever is to be implemented, it has to be implemented on the benchmark or the gold standard of the public switch telephone networks and the well-known legacy systems which were providing individual services to their users. With NGN, since there is a lot of diversity and a lot of overlap in the kinds of services provided, so the complexity also correspondingly increases.