Hi, everyone. Welcome to Drupal South. And thanks for coming to my session. Today, I'm going to share my experience with content migration. Let's start with some introduction of myself. So I'm a Drupal developer at MoV, and I'm a backend and front-end developer. Recently, I've been focusing on web accessibility and content migration. Drupal API, sorry, Migrate API in Drupal, it is a three-step process, extract, transform, and load. So extract is where you get the data from your source, but the raw data you're getting may not be in the right format that will work in Drupal. And that's like the process plug-ins used to transform the data into something useful in Drupal. So what can we do with migration? There are ones of migrations. Maybe you are doing a site upgrade from Drupal 7 to 8. You can be doing, we're building a site from a non-Drupal to a Drupal site where you need to migrate the contents across. Or maybe you are doing some bulk update on the content. So maybe populating the data in a new field or you are transferring data from one content type to another. There's also continuous migrations where you can do like regular update. Maybe you are getting some weather information from the forecast. Or maybe you are getting the stock price from share market. You can also do a centralized content repository where you fetch data into different satellite sites. So migration source. Migrate API supports a wide range of data source. So you can import from CSV. You can do XML, JSON, JSON API. And you can even do SQL query if you have access to the database. But in some cases, exporting data from the source may not be possible. Or maybe the data structure is too complicated. Or maybe it's too hard to handle. So what can you do? There's content scraping. And there are a number of libraries that allows you to scrape content from a website. What's good about it is what you see is what you get. So image is an image. You are not getting a token that you need to process data to get your data. It also works for Drupal or non-Drupal site. The downside of it is the content. You don't have much structure in it. And it's also harder to deal with things like entity reference. So let's see some examples.  What are you dealing with? Looking at the front page, you can see each article. There's a title. There's a date, a summary field. And from now, inside the articles, we've got more fields like the tags, HTML body. There's internal links. There's PDF downloads. There's also other hidden elements, the publishing status, manual URL areas, 301 redirects if you want to divert your traffic from the old path to the new one. So what are the challenges? Let's look at the date. Here is the date format you are getting from the source. But in order to import into a date field, that's the format you need to put into the Drupal. Testonomy, you are getting a list of links or a list of tag links. But in the Drupal world, you need to first create the terms and then you are handling the target IDs in the term fields. The same things for images. How do you download the image, where to save it? And again, you need to create a file entity and you are dealing with the file ID in the file field. So what tools are available? There are a number of plugins that we can use to do the job. And I'm going to go through some handy ones. So Concat, it is a good tool to combine a number of fields into a one single string. So in this example, we are converting an address field into a one single address, one line address, like if that's the format you need on your new site. Or you could be doing the other way around if you want some structure in your address. The Explore plugins allows you to break up a single string and put it in a way format. Substream plugins allows you to take a set one of a string and just output that one set one of it. So in this example, we are just getting the stage from the address. And these are all familiars because they are the PHP functions. In some cases, the values you are getting are not available in the source. And you can use the default values. In this example, we are getting the node offer set into the UID 12 for all the articles because it's not something you can get from the source. Static map is another good tool to use. It allows you to create one to one mapping from one set of data to another set of data. Like in Drupal 7, user role is stored in a, you're storing the role ID. And you can do a mapping for that in Drupal 8. So day format, we have seen this before. The dates you are getting may not always be the ones that you can use straight away. And we have the format date plugin that can transfer the dates format. So let's look at entity reference. Entity reference isn't that complicated if your data source knows what the target ID is, which is possible if you're doing like Drupal to Drupal migration. But in most cases, this is more likely what you are getting, just a list of TAT names. And that's where the entity lookup can be helpful. You basically take the names, the TAT names, and look it up in the system and work out the ID, the TID used for the TAT field. And if you have a new TAT that doesn't exist in the site, you can use the entity generate. So during the input, if it found something doesn't exist on the site, it can generate the field. I mean, generate the term on the fly. Migration lookup is another awesome plugin. It allows you to reference an entity that is created from another migration. So in this example, we have like your first importing all the users. And then while you are doing the article when you import the articles, you are able to reference the over from a user that was created in the first migration files. The download plugin allows you to grab a files from a remote source and save it into a destination. And then we can use the migration lookup to populate the file ID into a file field. But I will recommend using the file import, which is a very handy tool. It basically combines the download, the creation of the file entity, as well as the migration lookup in one go. So this is all you need from your source. If you know the URL of your file, this is how you can do the import. The same thing for images. You can use the image import plugin to do the magic. URL, so if you need to handle URL redirect or alias, redirect is entity in Drupal 8. So here we can do a simple migration and it will import the data into the redirect entity. So that's the destination plugin that we are using. The same thing for alias. With the URL alias, there's destination plugin. You were able to give your content some SEO friendly URL. And there are more. Callback plugins allows you to use PS3 functions to process your data. In this function I'm using, I'm calling a function from Drupal Core to convert libraries into ptest and pr. And this exact function is just using in the test filter. PyLine itself is not a plugin, but it allows you to do a number of plugins sequentially. So in this example, after we are doing the input filter, the input test filter, we are further running and other plugins to do a string with page to fix some typos. And if there is none of the plugins available, you are always welcome to create your own one and it's not hard to create your custom plugin. So there are a lot of process plugin available and I just covered a few of those that is highlighted. And there's more from a control module. So here are some useful links. You can check out if you are interested in content migration and thanks. Any questions? Thank you. So first of all, just a question for you. Have you ever experienced the continuous migration? Yes, yes I do. Okay, so here's a live problem that we have. So we have a website that we do continuous migration using migrations and the same issue, the other light issue talked about, which is when the migration gets stuck. That's bad. So that's, yeah, basically I think like, I'm not sure about now because now in Drupal 8.7, migration now went into call, maybe it's an issue that has been fixed, but our issue hasn't been fixed, which is get stuck and then we need to reset that migration. So have this been solved, do you think? That's bad luck when that happens. But like when you like, so I didn't go through the trust commands, like you can do trust commands, migration import dash dash update, it would do the, it would force an update. So it will, if you're stuck in the middle, if you can work out what the problem is, then fix that and you can do an update from the beginnings and just like just do it again. And also there is a hash tag or hash key that you can set. So it would just look for the differences. So if there's something updated, it only update those ones. So it won't, like if you have 1,000, if you have 1,000 records or 1,000 contests that need to migrate and why you are only like making one changes, you don't need to migrate the 1,000 contests. You can set a hash key. So it finds if the content has been updated, it would just migrate that one content. And same things for if it breaks down in the middle, if you have the hash key set up, it won't migrate the first 500 that already done. You can pick it up from where it fails and then do the rest of the content. Like yeah, like actually like we didn't really have an issue with the high water mark, which is for example, if we have like 1,000 items to be migrated, even if 500 were done, that's fine. We can continue. But the problem is with the migration status, you know what when it says like it's still processing, then we need to do like drush migrate reset. Migrate reset, yeah. So basically what we did is on every cron run, we will have to do migrate, now like drush migrate then reset this migration for all the migrations for example. So we had to do it all the time, which is fine.  But do you know what's the problem? I think like the first thing you need to work out what causing the- It can be anything like it can be like even for the simplest reason of just if like connection timeout, that's it, the migration is stuck forever. Yeah, yeah, I'm not sure if that can be handled in the migrate API, but you might need to on top of that, do some checking and make sure, or it depends on the data size, like what you say, it could be anything. But yeah, like migrate APIs does its work. And if there's other thing causing the problem, then like, yeah, you probably need to fix that. So- The problems in order to get things working. Just to add the migrate is actually quite stable. So if the internet connection is the issue, for example, dealing with large set of data, how we beat it is separate process to download the data. So that's met a CSV JSON.  So that was one of the issues because migrate API is actually, it never stuck on me ever apart from timeouts and all that. So maybe look for the process that is not migration that gets the data to your machine and then process it. Any more questions? Thank you. Just one comment for anybody using entity generate, be careful. It's very useful and does have its place in the world, but it makes entity and you have no record of it in your migration maps. So when you start doing things based on your maps, like rollbacks or whatever, or lookups, you can get out of sync and get confused why things don't work. Entity generate does not follow the rules of an ETL process, it breaks the rules. So use it at your own risk. Thank you very much. I was wondering if you have experience like scraping a site, like you have an HTML website that you want to scrape and from there migrate. Like do you have a strategy, for example, have an intermediate tool to create a JSON file or maybe reading directly from the HTML directly into migrate. So have you done that before? So I didn't quite get the question. So if you are scraping an HTML site, like what would be a good way to do that? Like directly query the HTML of the site or maybe have a tool that will read the site and create a JSON representation and then use that JSON file to migrate into Drupal. So I was wondering if you ever have to do like HTML scraping, how would you do that if you have experience with that? How do I do it? I think, yeah, I think what you suggest like putting in a JSON format, I think that's good. And so you first scrape all the pages from a website putting in a JSON format, putting in a JSON object and you can like, yeah, like if you want you can do some changes like with the JSON format before you kind of like import into Drupal. Yeah, so yeah, I think that will work, yeah. Just to add on top of that, we were scraping squeeze matrix CMS and it had a broken HTML. In fact, it wasn't just one pattern it was broken on some pages. So I would really recommend you have intermediate step to really process, make sure that the whatever tool you're using, whatever we're using for scraping is actually the data you're getting is right. But once we had the body, then we actually made migrate to turn it into a paragraphs. So it depends again how trustful your data you really need to make sure that your data is actually valid because otherwise you'll get all sorts of stuff. And the question for me is what's your preferred way? Do you have a rule of thumb when to use which format like XML, JSON, CSV for data? Do you have preferences or? It really depends on what is available from your source life or from your clients that you want to do the migration. But I think JSON is pretty good. It's a well-structured, it's a well-structured format and yeah, we have been using quite a lot of JSON objects for migration as well, so yeah. All right, thank you. Last question, Daniel? All right, thanks Kelvin. Big round of applause. Thank you.


... and we asked Professor Tomasi Lekeče. So, good morning. Let us recall where we got yesterday. So, yesterday we got to the fact that if we are considering any grocery projectiv variety, but in our case we are working with our favorite modular spaces of cars, In tudi da je tudi možno vse, bo tudi možno vsi in bali, kde je tudi in tudi vse počke. Vse je, na razne, objez, mgn. Zato pa to je vse malo, ali bo, da je vse vse, kot nekaj prideli vse. Na vse deprav. In spoletite, to je srednji, pa je, na kaj je vse. tako začelj, tako tudi miselj izgleda je načinja, da je čutko z materijali izgleda.  Tudi razmah vzvečenih hožnju. Znamo na notacijo v jasnjih. Vse v mgnju sem zelo v mgnju, ker sem izgleda ozvrčenje. Vse ne jazno ne zelo negativne. Filtacijo v W0. Vse nezelo, da kvosjenje izgleda so vse, je nezelo, da je nezelo, da je nezelo. Zelo vzelo, da je zelo, da se vse vzelo, v orchidovin za glasben iz boaca. V neko nožek mi kisses structure razbitne in begomobna realize. Vsebe moh v nič nič je tudi igrat, danes to nem chacun je poundingizir, the extension of pure-hod structure we only need to take pure-hod structure here. So the generators are the equivalence classes, the isomotheum classes of pure-hod structures. If you want to need to define a relation, so every time we have a long hexa-sequence respecting the mixed-hods structure, the short hexa sequence, Then this gives that the class of B should be equal to the class of A plus the class of C. So in this case this means that, here this will correspond to the sum of the class of W0, that carries a pure hot structure of weight 0 plus the class of the quotient of W1 by W0. le chances of the first graded. It has weight 1. An important thing is that this since every time we have an inclusion, of a closed subvariety, into the whole variety, we get a long exact sequence of informalia in combo support with Haunt weight 5X, which is a closed subvariety of sum Y o komplemenju, kaj je bilo. V open sub set. We have a long exact sequence, mapping the chronology with comback support of u into the chronology of comback support of the big space and then the chronology becomes the support of x. And then this being comback support of the degree I guess should go up. This means because of the fact that every time we have a short exact sequences, we have additivity, this means that if we take the alternating sum of such classes for different values of k, we get an additive invariant. So the idea is that if we take for any variety x, we take its homology with rational coefficients, then we take the class in the growth in the group and we take the alternating sum. I don't care k, maybe navigative and then everything is zero. So this will give some kind of oil characteristic with values in the growth in the group. So in particular using this long exact sequence we find in this kind of situation, I mean even if y is quasi-projective and x is a close variety, so it's not compact in itself, we will find in this kind of situation that this whole oil characteristic see if you take the one of y then it will be equal to the sum of the one of x and u, I see the time for getting all the small c in the notation but I want to have that. And this kind of oil characteristics exist in very many forms in the literature because its existence is a straightforward consequence of the fact that we have mixed structures, I see a question. No, we don't need. You see this long exact sequence is always there, we can reinterpret this piece as a relative homology in this case. So this always works. The problem is that if x is not smooth and you want to have something about homology, you are not allowed to use pioncal ideology to deduce it. So you could write in the spirit of homology but then the third time it will not be exactly this. So perhaps I will call for today hodge oiler characteristics. So how much information do we lose if we pass from the homology of something to this hodge oiler characteristic. Well, if we are able to reconstruct in a unique way from the weight structure, the degree from which it comes from, then of course we have not lost anything. So for instance if we take mg and bar, then we know that the weight will be equal to the degree. So if we simply know this hodge oiler characteristic for mg and bar, then from each class we simply look at the weight of the corresponding hodge structure which is part of the data. From each block we know exactly from which degree it comes. So the information is just the same. At least if you are just interested in structures graded vector space with hodge structures. On the other hand in general you can't do this. For instance for mg and the new invariant will be weaker. Mainly two issues. And we can re-phrase this duely for core module complex support. But let's say we fix a degree k, then we know that the ways that occur are a priori between k and 2k. So anything which we find with the serf and hodge weight in this description can come if we find in something of weight w then it will be somewhere between w divided by 2 but there is no way where it comes from. And this is actually the harmless part of the problem. Yeah, we find some kind of indication of course about the parity from which it is coming from because we have signs but that's everything. But the worst problem is of course that here we are taking differences of classes so there may be cancellations because the fact that taking additive invariant is hiding the fact that we are sort of taking some long exact sequences of which we have not computed the differential. So if the differential have some kind of maximal possible rank then we have more or less the same thing but perhaps there is something non-trivial which we simply can't see because it occurs once in odd degree and once in even degree. If we want to investigate the relationship of the open part and the homology of the compactified modular space we know that when we try to construct or strata we need to identify mark points in some way. If you remember we quotient by the action of the automotive group of the graph. So somehow we need to define this invariant a little bit to keep stock of what the symmetric group is doing. Because if you remember mixed host structures are functorial so this means that if you have an action of the group this will respect the weight filtration so the idea is that the SN action on MgN and M bar gN respects the mixed host structures homology and on homology with compact support so the idea is that we can take any graded part and subdivide it according to the structure as representation so the symmetric group any graded piece in the filtration then we can decompose as direct sums of representations of irreducible representation of the symmetric group. If you remember they are indexed by sure polynomials so we can use them to distinguish spaces so somehow we can take the order characteristic but it's more clever to take the SN equivalent order characteristics in which we are taking values in the growth in the group of host structures with the structure of SN representation and equivalent order characteristic is then the characteristics the order characteristic of the homology with compact support on a space with SN action so in our case it would be either MgN or MgN bar with values in the SN equivalent group of host structures. Structures over here here I am writing SN to remind myself of original host structures endowed with the structure as representation of the symmetric group. I am actually describing how this thing works is more complicated than giving examples so let's think for instance about N04 so if you remember this is just the model of four points on P1 so we can fix the first three to be 0, 1 and infinity so this is just P1 with three points removed so this space is irreducizible so H0 is one dimensional and if you use perpendicularity this means that H with compact support is also one dimensional and if you want to keep pack of host structures then it will carry yes excuse me in additive invariant because somehow it is just the same invariant we had before just restricted to each representation it comes from the fact that if you have a short exact sequence as you had before then taking the quotient by any subgroup of the symmetric group will preserve the short exact sequence and this is one dimensional you know that there are not so many representations of rank one actually just the trivial and the alternating one and this is clearly a case in which we have the trivial representation so this is S4 invariant H1 or H1 with compact support in this case they have not the same thing what I wanted to say is if we compute H1 with compact support then we get something which has dimension 2 because one of the three points kills the class of the point in P1 so we get something of rank 2 left and the idea is that S4 acts according to the only irreducible representation it has of rank 2 this is the one determined by the partition 2 if you prefer you can write it this way if you prefer to have the young diagrams so what is there is for equivalent order characteristic of the of m04 where we need to take the class of everything so we need to take the class of q minus 1 and then usually one denotes the class of the representation by the corresponding true polynomial and multiplies it and then the class of the thevial of such is just 1 multiplied by S22 and now we are making a mistake because this is of course H1 so we don't have to add we should subtract this is the so this is my notation for the notation associated to the partition 2, 2 of 4 and this is my notation for the true polynomial and actually this is the standard notation for the fact for the for the tight-hold structure of word 2 yes, sorry yes, absolutely because I mean I am removing I mean they are morally I mean when I write at least as pure-hold structures in some cases I can also decompose the pure-hold structures of other pure-hold structures and the point is that yes the part of the data of the pure-hold structure where you the weight is reconstructed taking the sum of p and q for any so yes this is intrinsically yes so usually L is used as a notation for the class of the tight-hold structure of word 2 and since one can endow the growth in this group with a monomer structure in the sense that ideas that if one takes the tensile product of two-hold structures it's the same as this gives a product in the growth in this group then if we take the class of any other tight-hold structure it will become a power of L so the idea is that we can define the product of the classes of two-hold structures as the class of the tensile product yes yes I mean it's just one incarnation because you know if you have a motive class L then I mean in general motives can be specialized to different theories and this is the incarnation so it is the same L and it was defined usually as the class of A1 if you look at the common you find only this so we know that we can produce mg and bar by multiplying together mg prime and prime and then dividing with automorphism group of a graph and this means that mg and bar is somehow dominated by the structure of the graphs once you know what happens for mg and so this is related to the fact to the structure of modular operas which was studied by Gessler and Kaplanov in the 90s paper appeared much later in 1998 so the idea is that mg and bar is constructed from mg prime and prime taking a set of values by gluing them together according to graphs and this can be rephrased formally by saying that mg and bar in some sense is the free modular operas generated by mg prime and prime Well I have not defined for you what a modular operas is but somehow you only need this example but anyway operas is a topological concept I think originally coming from topological applications and from applications studying the deformation theory and Gessler and Kaplanov used this concept to give a very compact description of the relationship between the Hodge Euler characteristic of m bar g n and the equivalent Hodge Euler characteristics of the open modular spaces occurring in the boundary so the idea is that we would like to study the Hodge Euler characteristic of m bar g n by keeping track of the structural SN representations as rational Hodge structures so if we want to encode everything in a generating function we need some kind of dummy variable that keeps track of the genus we don't need to keep the track of the number of points because the SN action already tells us that but since we are going to glue together products of components somehow it could be more natural to work with disconnected curves so curves which are the whose connected components are stable curves so this is just all possible and so the idea is that we want to obtain this from the same thing but for the open state so the first thing is that if we want to glue together things so here we are just starting with the data about all smooth curves but then we want first to produce all possible normalizations of stable curves and they are going to be disconnected curves so we need to produce from this formula the corresponding formula for the generating series for the whole order characteristics for spaces of disconnected curves there is actually an operator called EXP that transforms this generating series in the corresponding one for curves which are smooth and of the correct arithmetic genus but possibly disconnected so up to here we are controlling the normalization the possible normalizations of elements here where we fix the genus we just have a finite number of possibilities so I don't know it does not matter so much what the meaning of the construction is so somehow up to here we can control the possible normalizations of the curves so they will work in this way I do think that one can make sense of this but it's not the yeah but if they algebraic anyway the total number of components is going to be finite are you saying that in the mark points will still be there so yes but they are not smooth so I don't I mean with mark points so I don't oh yes so the idea is up to here we are we are dealing with the possible normalizations of curves and then I mean this EXP is some generalization of the usual exponential and it's kind of operation that is often defined when it is working with regenerated series the problem is that I have not defined for you the I mean it's so if you remember how EXP is defined in general you need to take something like a power of a variable and then divide by the by the factorial but instead of taking the power of the variable you need somehow to take the class of the symmetric decade symmetric product of the classes you are taking so this is what morally is happening instead of taking variable and then it takes its kate power to define the exponential you need to take the symmetric product and this has something to do with the fact that if you have disconnected curves of the two of the same genus then you get some if there are no further data you can exchange them so that's why you have to take the symmetric product for this kind of operation but then we need something that keeps the act of the fact that we want to be able to identify pairs of points to create the nodes and the idea is that there is some kind of operator that works for power series with coefficients in the growth and the group multiply by symmetric functions so if we apply this delta is some kind of Laplacian operator and then the exponential here says that we can apply this Laplacian operator in central number of times so delta is some kind of Laplacian so if we apply it once we are yes I don't think I can explain I mean that I don't think that the Laplacian operator has a special meaning in itself but what is interesting is what the exponential of this guy is doing because this operator corresponds to the operation of forgetting two labors in a symmetric way so we are identifying if we had something like N mark points in some disconnected curve this operator tells us well it's encoding all possible choices of two of them in a symmetric way and then because of this if you do the operation once you get this but since this is an infinite sum you are allowed to identify in a symmetric way pairs of mark points in any number of pairs of mark points if you want if you just have one pair of points the idea is that it has something to do with the fact that inside s inside the symmetric group sN there is a subgroup which is isomorphic to s2 and s minus 2 and so somehow we can restrict any representation here to this pair and then take the three variable representation here to represent the points so it's somehow taking the contribution of sN coming from things that become three when they stick to s2 in some way so once we do this so once we identify point pairwise we have something which has a finite number a curve which has a finite number of connected components and all connected components are stable so somehow if we take what we get is the exponential of this thing so to get exactly what we want for mgN bar we need to take the logarithm which is the power series which is the inverse of the exponential of this very, very, very big formula actually there is an explicit formula for the logarithm but in the only implementation I know the formula for the logarithm is so slow that actually it's quicker to teach the computer to guess if the explanation is approximating what we want to take but anyway that's the idea so the idea is that if we allow to take disconnected curves then there is this operator that tells us exactly how to transform things so first we need to transform smooth connected curves to smooth possibly disconnected curves so we need to apply the logarithm to go back to what we need other questions about this scary formula you see it's an infinite series so if you look at it like this it gets a little better if you know the definitions but it does not get much better definitions I mean even to see that if you fix g and n and you want to trankate at that point you only need the g prime n prime that occur in the boundary you know you need to look at the formulas a little bit to keep to check that it's true but on the other hand this is part of the proof of the formula because the explanation I give you is the reason why this formula holds without taking the dummy variable but then there is some kind of book keeping to check that one is keeping track of the genus of everything in the correct way yes yes and it's called h but so something like so let me think a little bit so there is some there must be a reason for this but I don't I took the formula from the paper because for my point of view the thing about the power is just some kind of book keeping thing and it's not exactly what I'm most concerned about so I guess that the only important thing is that the behavior becomes different when you are working in genus zero so it has something to do with where your unit will lie and having a unit is very important for instance because if you don't have something with the unit you can take the logarithm so there may be some technical reason for this otherwise one could say yeah people in mathematical physics are always a little bit strange why do they have to call the dummy variable h bar for instance so anyway it looks complicated but you can think of it as some kind of black box if you take a truncation of this formula according to the to the symmetric group acting here and to the degree of the dummy variable then you are able to get the the homology of m bar g n from the hodger Euler in the hodger Euler characteristic of all the strata over the yeah exactly yes yes yes yes yes yes so let me write it here because I said it but I didn't write it, this is the inverse of log yes it would be strange otherwise so x is more natural but log is also well defined at least if you have something with a unit yeah exactly because you get the disconnected ones just by identifying in any possible way pairs of edges the only thing is that one needs to keep track in the correct way of the geners because identifying edges will change the geners of water I define marked points creating more edges in the graph will change the geners but anyway if you have all of them together you get all of them together delete this so what is the meaning of this from this formula we have an efficient way of computing the homology of m g n bar with all additional structures coming from hodgers structures and as a representation of a symmetric group starting from with a priority in this formula one needs all of them but what one needs, what one truly needs is the s n equivalent hodger characteristics of the m g prime n prime with g prime at most g n prime at most n plus 2 g minus g prime so these things happen in the boundary so somehow somehow this is the only information that needs to feed in here to get the tonkation you want of the formula and using this Gessel was able to give explicit formulas for instance for the homology of m 0 n bar and for the homology of m 1 n bar but he had to stop there because these are the cases in which he had a recipe for computing the homology of the open starter from genus 2 there was no general such a general formula which would be valid for all values of g and n for all values of n if you take genus 2 so these are the ingredients but then comes the second question well what is the standard approach to computing the homology of the open parts and everything we care about we don't even need the final invariant we just need this kind of oil characteristics but how do we compute this well the point is that there is a standard way to compute this using a spectral sequence because by definition m g n maps to m g so the problem of computing the homology m 0 n will solve long before in the 60s because it follows from work of Arnold about the homology configurations of points on the complex plane if you take g equal to 1 you can make this work by mapping to m 1 1 but I'm not doing this at the moment so this kind of theory also works for g equal to 1 just technically so m 1 does not exist in our category but m 1 1 is perfectly fine and the fiber of the c is just the configuration space of n distinct points on the curve which I denoted yesterday by f and c so it sits inside the nth product of the curve which this reflects the fact that m g n lies inside the nth fiber product of the universal curve of the energy so this is a vibration and we can look at the respective sequence associated to that and exactly in this example with cross-videration alters the i-chuta would be determined by the homology of m g with coefficients in some local system and then once we have this this converges to the homology of m g n in degree p plus q so somehow the first question is what is that local system it's going to be a local system because this is a vibration so there will be no strange things happening so in general local systems in some space will be determined by a q representation since we are working with the components of the of the fundamental group of our space q1 of the base space which is in this case m g so this would be all possible representations of the mapping class group so this is going to become rather I mean the mapping class group was a discrete group as if the representations are not known so well but actually in this case we can see with the homology of the curve the only local systems that will occur are those that are related with the representations of the symplectic group in this case this guy is going to be an extension this thing is going to be a symplectic local system well if you take it as an object well that's because you can realize m g as the portion of tachmular space by the mapping class group tachmular space is contactable yeah that's it so yes it's not easy to see this in algebraic geometry but if you take an analytic construction then this is fine so practically in this case if you look at what the local system is of some curve c then the fiber will be the cute cohomology and this has a structure representation sp2g and the structure is coming from the fact that we already had an action of sp2g on the cohomology of the curve so what happens if you want to know sort of the monodromy representation you need to take in this case you say well I start with the curve I consider any possible loop starting there but anyway whatever the monodromy did it has to respect this structure the symplectic representation so the only thing it can do is to act on it as the symplectic group and so in this way we find a class of local systems that are controlled by the representations of the symplectic group we want to take representation of this as an algebraic group because it's some kind of motivic construction should be compatible with the extension to the complex numbers so what have they reduced representations of sp2g well if we look over the complex numbers it's clear in general that's the theory for Lie groups these are indexed by partitions lambda1 up to lambdaG so the length is equal to the size in some sense these are the data in which one reconstructs the weight of the action anyone has such a partition when defines the weight of the partition should be the sum of all of all parts so for instance v0 is the trivial representation I'm writing v0 g times if I don't write it I'm only adding zeros at the end so v1 which is as I said my notation for v1, 0 up to 0 is the standard representation what we will find in the h1 of the curve so this will play a role when we are considering mg1 and in general if we have a v lambda then we can write it in a natural way to a sure a symplektive sure function into the tensor product of a number of copies of the standard representation equal to the weight so there is a natural way to cut all the v lambdas inside the space so if we know the comology of all local of all the symplektic local systems of weight up to n then we can compute the comology of mgn conversely if we know the comology of mgn not just for n but also for all up to n points then we can reconstruct all local systems of a certain weight so the idea is that there are explicit formulas for the comology of the space of configurations so that is not the issue it's more finding an effective way to package that information so there it is that we need to first decompose the comology of a general fiber into symplektic representations once we have this we can compute the e to tan using the comology with values in the local systems and then we need to study the differential in the spectral sequence and if instead of computing mgn bar we simply need to want to know as an equivalent Euler characteristic of it we need this only for we only need the equivalent Euler characteristic of all the fibers because anyway and then we can skip the last step because we are working with an additive invariant so we don't care about the differential we will get the same outcome we simply take the alternating sum of the e to pq just the sum of the of the Euler characteristics of the e to pq in a natural way so the idea is that if we just want to know the whole Euler characteristic knowing it for these spaces equivalent to knowing this Euler characteristic for the local systems and if we work here at most local systems will appear because of the expect that we are taking all the things that are contained at most in the end product of the standard representation so you may wonder how this is used so this is used both ways if one happens to know the chronology of the local systems then one computes the chronology of mgn but if with some geometric construction one can compute the chronology of mgn independently still it's more efficient to market the information into the local systems because they could be used also for other vibrations so they are more widely applicable so this kind of sequence of operations sometimes is also applied in the converse order to start with the chronology of mgn and obtain the chronology of local systems because this is the way, as I said in which people so these are the ones that people would prefer to understand but if you have them you can apply them to understand the chronology of the geometry of endpoint curves but not necessarily so this case in which everything is understood is again in the stable range exactly as the chronology of mg is completely understood in the stable range long before, so ten years before the characterization of the stable chronology of mg is available by work of maths and vice Lorena already explained how one can deduce from this what happens if one wants to study curves with markpoints and the idea is that the chronology of mgn stabilizes in the same range as the chronology of mg the limit object should be generated of course because we have the forgetful mark to mg but we will need additional generators which are simply the couple classes so this also means that in this kind of situation the tautological ring is exactly the extension of the stable of the stable chronology so it's what is generated by the stable chronology outside the stable range and this is known actually he also put the corresponding theorem for v lambdas where it's intended that if you increase the genus then you simply increase the lambda by adding zeroes, three values as I was doing before stabilizes but you need to reduce the range according to the weight of the local system so if we had three half k plus one now we have three half of k plus lambda plus one so g should be larger and then there are explicit combinatorial formulas so if you wish also the chronology of mg with coefficients in the local system has some kind of tautological chronology which would be obtained by taking this combinatorial part and taking the natural extension of this there are papers about this or preprints because by Peter Sennan and Tavakor for instance then there is a single good case in which the the single local system has been known for a long time this is the case of genus one the same construction carries on and the source of this information is Isher Schimura theory the idea is that there is an explicit description of the chronology in this case in which the basic part was done by the linear but then an important detail appeared later in a paper by Elkik so the idea is that in these cases it's slightly easier to work with chronology with complex supports so that's the formulas for the way some of uniform so if the here the genus is equal to one so we get just one integer and it's easier to prove that if the weight is odd then the chronology is trivial if the chronology if we are taking v zero we know what happens so here we are taking k at least one and then the chronology of the local system v2k which is just the kth symmetric product has two paths a whole structure so a pure whole structure of weight 2k plus 1 which is usually denoted by s2k plus 2 and then a one dimensional path of weight zero and this follows from the from work of the linear we should have some kind of motivic interpretation in the fact that some is a direct sum of what a lkik and there is also a natural way to find so this is a two dimensional and there is also a natural way to find a generator here so this is a pure whole structure of odd weight and in this case the two pieces of odd composition are in the extreme position and the first one can be actually identified in the space of casp forms for sp2 but this is the same as sl2z of weight 2k plus 2 so you may wonder what a what a what a casp form is doing here and if I have some time I do have an explanation for this but I already know that I will not have so much time so perhaps I should permute things and try to explain to you now so the idea is that if we want to have a casp form here and something which is non-trivial the first non-trivial case of the casp form is the casp form of weight 12 so what is a casp form this is a holomorphic function half half plane this behaves well in when we take this value and we consider the action of sl2z gamma in sl2z then it will act on tau in the usual way by taking a tau plus plus b divided by c tau plus d and then one has that f gamma tau should be equal to c so the denominator here to which has certain power and this is going to be the weight of the casp form and to be a modular form in this case it needs to extend holomorphically to the only to infinity so to the boundary of each one and vanish that so once we have such a thing what can we do with it so the idea is that here the first non-trivial example is a casp form of weight 12 the discriminant form so it's a functional variable z but actually it factors to its periodic so one writes in this way as a function of q given by the exponential of z and then the classical way to identify it to write it as an infinite product by taking 1 minus q to the power n to the power 24 so I'm not an amateur so I'm not going to explain to you why this kind of thing is well defined but the point is that it transforms nicely when we apply the s and 2z but for genus 1 this is exactly the group so if in genus 1 if you take the portion of h1 by this group we obtain exactly m11 because this is a modulated space yes yes it does not make sense if my students would write that then they would not pass the exam so yeah thank you so once we have a cast form there are ways to use it to construct a differential form of m11 how? well in this case for instance so of m1n but in this case we have weight 12 so we can work on m11 now we want to use the upper half plane so ziga space to describe m11 you can say well if we are working on m11 the first point is known so we need to take the universal curve over it and ten copies of it to keep track of the other ten points so what we are doing to keep track of the curve then we need to have h1 and divide it and this will give the isomorphic class of the curve this is the standard thing for ellipticals and then the idea is that so e will be done just given by the quotient of c by the quotient by the lattice z times 2 and this is of course of two lattice so the idea is that if to give ten points ten points on this plane and then we will have an action of the ten product of some z2 where there is a semi direct product comes because of course we also need in the process to identify z2 with this lattice so the idea is that what we need to define is a differential from here that descends to the quotient and because of the symmetric property we can use the delta as a coefficient Are you saying that I'm taking this the other way round or let me think about this No, I do think that when I write like this the normal set group should be the one to the left because the same thing is one and this is the one that needs data from here for the identification so if z is the variable here and we note by theta1 option theta10 we simply take everything and one can check that this is invariant with respect to the group action so we get a differential form on m11 and in particular we get a class in some decoromology of the shift of of allomorphic differential forms over x and by the way in which pure host structures are defined this is exactly the eleven zero part of the decoromology this is not x this is m11 because that's the space in which we are doing things and by doing the bookkeeping I was saying before this is actually exactly the contribution of the local system v10 in this case so this is giving us the let's say the holomorphic part and then h011 is simply the complex conjugate of this which is generated by the complex conjugate of this form and this is not some kind of lucky coincidence the idea is that this is the way in which it works for genus1 for genus2 and genus3 this kind of construction where you need to replace h1 with ziger space sl2 with a symplectic group and then what you get is the modulate space of principally polarized bilimvaritis but h1 gets them up from ng into the modulate space of principally polarized bilimvaritis h1 extends to a larger space in which elements are symmetric matrices of the size g rather than just complex numbers and then we are divided by the symplectic group and for g equal to 2 and 3 this map is dominant indeed for g equal to 2 we get an isomorphism because this map extends to clouds of compact type and also the automorphist groups of the corresponding Jacobians are the same so this is the identification and so we can do exactly the same kind of considerations and we can use it to take modular forms in lucky cases and construct this kind of interesting host structures which are the most non-tortological in this case for g equal to 3 this map is still dominant so we can control things in this way but this is generically 2 to 1 because here all abilimvaritis have an automorphism so the automorphist group of the Jacobian of the curve is the extension of the automorphist group of the curve by an evolution so the idea is that for genus 1 and this way guess that gave an equally nice formula for the chronology of m bar 1n in the form of whole-jojlet characteristics in there is if you increase the genus and go to genus 2 you need to there was it was more difficult to know how to replace the description of the local systems and in this case most of the information is actually coming from point from counting the number of points m to n divided over finite fields and in this way producing at least an estimate of what the whole-jojlet characteristics are there and this gave some kind of conjectural description of the relations to spaces of Ziegler modular forms which are the Ziegler cast forms which are there extensions of what we discussed now and this has sort of been proved now by Peterson so I guess in this case one could now work on the characteristics more in general for genus 3 the description is completely is completely open yet is the whole-jojlet characteristic is only known up to 7 point and here part of the issue is that if you take many mark points you may because of the fact that some information gets lost in this map you may get contribution of some things that can be interpreted as modular forms that are directly related with the Taishmuller space so they are called Taishmuller modular forms rather than Ziegler forms and it's something I think Bergsturm, Faber, van der Kierer working on so I hope I could give you, I mean I wanted to give some kind of introduction to the fact that there are there are natural ways in which also things coming from number theory in non-trivial and non-totological things in this way and I hope in this way I haven't made your picture not complete so my aim is reached, thank you for your patience


Excel accounting practice problem right checks for expenses and pre-paid assets get ready because we're about to excel Here we are in our Excel worksheet and prior presentations We put together the Excel worksheet from a blank sheet now entering transactions into it if you have access to it There's gonna be two tabs on down below the example tab and the practice tab Practice tab starting out where we left off last time the example tab in essence being an answer key Let's take a look at it now. We're gonna be entering transactions They're gonna be similar to or related to check type of transactions for normal type of expenses and payments that we might have say at the year end typically decrease in the checking account and recording the other side to an expense and or asset account of say supplies expense insurance expense utilities and So on so we're gonna go back to the practice tab do some clean up work hiding some cells first So we're gonna put our cursor


Hello in this lecture we will define payroll bank account. According to fundamental accounting principles wild 22nd edition the definition of payroll bank account is bank account used solely for paying employees. Each pay period and amount equal to the total employees net pay is deposited in it and the payroll checks are drawn from it.  Most of the time the payroll bank account will have a zero balance in it except for that point in time when we're processing the payroll which would look something like this. We have the general checking account we're going to determine what the cash amount of payment will be for processing the payroll take that amount out of the general checking account transfer it to the payroll checking account and then process the payroll checks to the employees from the payroll checking account. You might be asking why would we do that why would we take money out of the checking account put it into a payroll checking account just in order to take it out of the payroll checking account and pay the employees with it and it's going to be a form of internal control another form of check for us. The employee wages checks are very important and we want to keep a very good track of that the bank account does a good job of that the bank tracks the cash separately and therefore we have a good check simply of just the payroll by running the payroll through this separate checking account so it's one of the core reasons for having a process such as this. End simulation! End the simulation!


What's going on? How are you guys this week? My hair is getting crazier and crazier, which is an excellent representation of my current mental state But we got a lot going on as usual all of the beef glands are back in stock adrenal thyroid Testicles all that stuff. We'll show you guys that later We got new sausages, which I'm also excited to show you guys I barricade pork as well as beef collage and sausages and we did restock the pemmican But before we take a look around at this mess Just gonna read some reviews for you guys. So first we have Mr. Big Balls with a one-star review for the coconut water I have been spending half of my paycheck on this ridiculously expensive coconut water only to be surrounded by Southeast Asian girls 24-7. I believe they are attracted to the slightly fruity coconut scent that has taken over my body odor Thanks, Frank or no, thanks. I just made that one up guys. That's not that's not a real review guys I just made that one up Okay, so first real review Frankie just got my delivery at 9 30 a.m. Still frozen solid after being shipped 42 hours ago in the heat of summer This is a testament to your packing methods. Great job Frankie That's a nice simple one Five-star review for the Iberico pork strip steak best tasting pork I usually hate the taste of pork, but this was a different story I also usually get a negative reaction to conventional pork, but I feel amazing eating it Yeah, we get the very expensive Spanish Iberico pork Another general review great work everyone just got my first order and everything was frozen was worried about ordering meat in August I will be ordering again great customer service Yes, so I mean we really don't have any packages that arrive Thought out or warm because we just put so much ice in them. I honestly can't remember More than one or two packages over the past month Which is a bad thing because we might be putting too much ice and spending too much money on ice but that's a conversation for a different day We got a five-star review for the beef adrenal glands feeling better. I've had issues with low adrenal function for many years I've tried many adrenal supplements, but have not noticed much except perhaps some increased anxiety This product gives me a boost in energy without the resulting anxiety. I take a tiny little piece two times a day I don't chew them. So I hope it's still being absorbed. I feel like it is working. I am so grateful for this product being available I wish I had found it many years ago. Thank you so much Frankie. I love you Yeah, guys the key thing about those adrenal glands if you take them very very tiny amount just a nibble Just a nibble of the adrenal glands. They're very potent A four-star review for the pork sausage. This is the new one that we just came out with that I'll show you guys Pretty tasty. I would say the flavor is pretty mild, but I felt good after eating them. The quality is exceptional Yeah, you don't need anything besides salt on those And we had one more of you on organ supplements that I can't bring up on my phone but he was talking about the natural B complex and How when he took regular over-the-counter B complex supplements from other companies he got like a skin flush Really strong reaction, but when taking RB complex that has natural dosage. He's perfectly fine only one on the market and all of our Supplements on organ supplements have that same consistency of being the correct natural dosage found in food So let's wander around I guess Yeah, I put on a few shirts because I thought we were gonna be in the freezer for a while And we might be but I've been sweating my guts out for the past two hours I thought this was gonna be quick But like an alarm guy came down and he couldn't fix something so whatever you guys can't really see because it's dark But I bought these two used stock pop burners yesterday Gotta clean them up and have them connected, but it should be a little bit easier for our college and broth and stuff now Yeah, guys, I don't think I've ever bought something new since starting this business. It's always about saving money and dealing with a bunch of headaches. It's Wednesday, so we already sent out most of the orders earlier this week Not too busy in here My guys are making I think some of the vanilla best bars and we'll also have the chocolate best bars back in stock by the weekend We also did the pemmigan I'll give you guys a quick look around here because remember last week the camera fogged up So we're gonna look at everything inside first real quick and then show you guys the freezer where most of the new stuff is so These are cool.  I don't know if I showed you guys these yet But these have cut down on our labor a lot when wrapping up the water kefir and stuff So we got pretty much everything in stock guys all the all the salt all the cooking fats the beef towel the Iberico pork lard We got some of the the beef sticks and the bill tongue over here Artichoke stuff quinoa crisp bars pemmigan as I said is back in stock Me granola we got the new chocolate chip granola bars as well and the tatami's white and dark cookies You guys know we got a whole laundry list of new products available on Frankie's strange foods ranging from Udon noodles to coconut water that we made the joke about earlier The oil I cook with you guys and go to Frankie's range foods if you want to check all of that stuff out on Frankie's naturals we got all the household cleaning products some new hydrogen and cosmetic stuff as well You guys were complaining that oh Frank are you not going to make your products anymore? Well, you guys weren't buying them so I guess not New product lemon light If you guys want this we got all the new labels the correct labels on here If you saw the video last week, and we also have flextrose and whey protein available. That's an organ supplements calm Yeah, my guys made the vanilla bars today. We got the chocolate bars ready and the pemmigan But now we're just gonna Hop in the freezer and show you guys the new stuff. So we have the Iberico sausages back I mean despite them being expensive you guys really wanted them so I decided to do them We have four types One is an Italian sausage made with fatty pork Two is a plain sausage made with fatty pork my guys making a lot of noise over here Three is a plain sausage made with lean tenderloin, which is even more expensive And then four is a breakfast sausage made with lean tenderloin so this is the Iberico sausage plain and fatty This is the Italian sausage Fatty We have mostly plain fatty sausages. I figure that's what you guys are like the most These are the plain lean Iberico sausages, which is what I'm eating now But as you guys can see by the price, you know, they're like $30 a pound because we had to use Iberico tenderloin to make these There was nothing leaner and then we have Iberico sausage breakfast lean so this is just with maple syrup honey and That those are the breakfast flavors in them so I'm excited for you guys to try these out They are a bit expensive, so I might just have to Eat Iberico sausage every meal for the next two years to make my money back Yeah, we got a lot of the beef plans back in stock. We have so many beef testicles We got a lot of veal brains, too So this is something completely new that I was excited about this is a beef collagen sausage So it's basically a plain beef sausage Except we put a lot of our collagen bone broth in it and I tried these last night The flavor and the texture is is really really nice So if you guys are on a strict diet and want something that's convenient and enjoyable these are really really nice We got a lot of those beef collagen sausages a few hundred pounds. Yeah, we got a lot of glands back in stock the prostate here has been in stock we got the pancreas back Beef pancreas which we haven't had in a while These are the beef ovaries which we've had these are beef thyroid glands Which are now back in stock more thyroid glands these are the beef thymus and Here we have enough adrenal glands to kill a horse Plenty of beef adrenal glands. So that's the main new stuff guys We have all those sausages available and we have the glands back in stock We got a lot of these six ounce sirloin portions if you guys want something affordable and nice Organic breastfed six ounce sirloin steaks. I'm actually gonna Let me take these home because I'm always running out of meat I showed you guys these last week and you guys haven't buy in some of them. These are the lamb rib chops and By far best price online. I looked at all the other websites These are literally half the price of any other lamb rib chops online Also, definitely cheaper than your local grocery store So if you guys want a little treat that we were able to get from our distributor definitely try out the lamb chops So we don't have this available on the website yet, but our egg farmer is Getting rid of all of his chickens for the next batch to come in so those birds are all corn and soy free Hypothetically, we're gonna have some very affordable corn and soy free chicken coming up The meat's a bit darker because the animals are older These are the chicken wings.  You could tell the meats a bit darker, especially for chicken Even the thigh meat especially was like almost purple in some cases, which is something you see in game birds We got the chicken thighs at around $8 a package corn and soy free chicken this quality unheard of guys unheard of and Then these are the breasts So we got the chicken breasts and instead of being all like pale and almost white These chicken breasts are like a deep pink color a dark pink color. So I'm excited for that The breasts are going to be about 25% less everything about 25% less the drumsticks the wings and The thighs are definitely a little more affordable than the breasts, but you guys want the breast more Yeah, so I'm really excited if you guys try those sausages. The only reason I'm not like Ecstatic about it is because we did have to use Ibarico pork, which is really expensive But later this year our farmers should have some corn and soy free pigs I mean, I don't know if the meat's gonna taste as good as the Ibarico, but it's gonna be just as healthy We got all the beef glands back in stock I know a lot of you guys have a wane on those and then I'm looking forward to having that new even more affordable Corn and soy free chicken and that should be here in a week or two I would just have them put it on the website yet because we have a limited amount but You know guys these these new products kind of keep me going because I am completely over it That HVAC guy that said the compressor blew I got another guy to look at it and I I Thought he might have been telling me the truth, but the There was just a leaky valve and literally no gas in it So I feel like if he was telling the truth, he would have told me that there was no gas in the whole thing So now I got a new age back. I will see I got to stop getting jerked around at some point, right? But I've been a gentleman about it. I haven't gone too crazy yet So that's gonna be it for this week because if we if we step out of the freezer this camera's gonna fog up But we're not gonna be able to use it Hopefully we get even more products in stock next week. If you guys do want to support me definitely go to frank-tofawn.com Before I start losing my mind and my hair But yeah, if you guys can just drop a like on the video leave a comment down below Make sure to subscribe and check that notification bell and I'll see you guys soon Might have to get a little salty next week. We'll see we'll see You


Threats of attacks are issued by stakeholders in the Niger Delta, especially Delta State, over the support of the ban on open grazing in southern parts of the country. And Lagos State experiences an increase in insecurity as cases of robberies intensify. This is PlusPolitik and I am Mary-Anna Corn. Tensions are high right now in Delta State as residents of Assaba, the state capital, received a threat letter by Fulani jihadists to attack the capital city if Gov. Fian Yokoa does not redraw his support for the ban on open grazing in the southern parts of the country within 72 hours. In response to this, the movement of emancipation of the Niger Delta mend warned that Fulani's and their belongings would cease to exist if the jihadists make good on their threats. Now, this comes as a 48-hour quick notice was issued by the Euro-use Leaders Association to all Fulani jihadists to immensely or immediately, I beg your pardon, stop open grazing and remove their cattle from Delta's sanitary district. Meheti Alaw has spoken also saying that the statement is coming from mischief makers who are out to tarnish the image of Fulani's. Well, the support point of issues and joining us to discuss this is Ankyo Briggs, a Niger Delta activist and Dennis Amakri, a former assistant director of the DSS. Thank you very much gentlemen and lady for joining us. Thank you.  And the Niger Delta use in Delta State have decided that they want to serve a quick notice to the people, the Fulani's who live in Delta State. But let's look at the legality of their statement. Do they have a right to tell the so-called Fulani jihadists, if there be any, who are domiciled in Delta State to leave the state? First of all, thank you for having me here. I think that the youths in Delta State should be very cautious because I think somebody is trying to lure them into something bigger, a trap, so to say. Because I don't believe in that particular leaflet that is flying all over the place. It has been analysed and we find out that, first of all, you know, Fulani jihadists don't refer to themselves as Fulani jihadists, you know. And for that note to be flying around, I think there's something fishy about that particular note. So they have to be very careful in analysing it, instead of carrying out something that we all will start to worry about later. So you're telling me that you believe, because I was going to ask that question, if this could be certain people taking advantage of the insecurity situation and the fact that their ethnic tensions also colouring this insecurities that we're experiencing. The president did make mention of these certain people when he was giving his Democracy Day speech saying that there are people who are hiding or flying under the radar to cause perpetrator all kinds of violence and stoke the fire. Could these be the same sets of people Mr. President was referring to? Exactly. You know, there are people who really want this country to break up or who really want it to, you know, to slide it down the hill that it is sliding on. And you know, cause more problems. Anywhere they find out that it's a bit quiet, they try to raise some issues so that the whole country will fall into some kind of, you know, chaos. So I don't believe in that paper. I know that the security agencies are trying to locate exactly who wrote it and who is the person so that they could prosecute the person. So I think we have to be cautious about these kind of people that are all over the place. This is the season and a lot of people are enjoying the chaos. Interesting. Let me come to you, Ms. Anchor Briggs. Let's give a bit of a background to all that's happening across the country. The case of the ban on open grazing by 17 state governors in the south of Nigeria as against the other governors who have not said anything or kicked against it, this was the basis of the conversation in the first instance. Then Mr. President's live interview on a rice television where he did say that he's totally in support of open grazing and he gave the SGF or the AGF a mandate of sorts to reclaim the land for open grazing routes. What does this mean, you know, when governors have taken a stand because also in the same breath, the president had accused state governors of sitting back and wanting the federal government to do their job for them in terms of securing the estates. Now if state governors have decided to take this move of banning open grazing and deciding that this is what they want in the estates and the president is opposing it, is the president not talking from both sides of his mouth here? Good evening everyone. The reality is that Nigeria is in a mess from the north of Nigeria to the south, to the east, to the west of Nigeria. Nigeria is in a mess, it's in a security mess. The federal government itself has found it difficult to resolve the mess that Nigeria is in and this has led to where we are today. Now answering your questions, first of all the president himself cannot say to Nigerians that we should not be worried when we hear this type of threat. I do lean into the thought and the thinking that this may not be a real threat by people who really want to threaten if you like Delta State, but the reality is that we do have situations where we have an issue with jihadists in Nigeria. So when you hear this threat you cannot say that people should not be worried. On that note, we can also say that the threat, the counter threat if you like, that seems to have come from men we should also say that that also should be discounted because it sounds also like this is not from the real men. Now a president of a country that is insisting that there must be open grazing and trying to force it on the states and then coming around to say that he's going to support open grazing on one hand and then this threat comes along on the other. It's a mess. It's a mess that he himself is unable to resolve and while it is good for us to be comforted and it is easy for us to say that this is not a real threat we cannot run away from the fact that it may actually be a threat. We've had all kinds of threats from Fulani headsmen, from Mietyala from all kinds of people known and unknown. So we have to face the reality that Nigeria is in a security mess and it must start with the president. The president is the one on whose table this issue is and he has to resolve the problem.  The last time the president spoke before this democracy day interview and before he came to Lagos the president spoke to INEC officials and he did say clearly, I remember playing that video here that he has done his best. For service chiefs to be chained he has done that. He has spoken and he has talked tough so what else do we want him to do? And he's asked us to judge him fairly on how he has handled this issue so again I'm throwing it back to you because you're saying the box stops to the president while I'm telling you what the president said he's done his best, he's dealing with the situation what else do you want him to do please? When anybody says they have done their best it's good for them to admit that they have done their best but that best may not be good enough and in this case that is the way that it looks it is not good enough. This president and this party came on board on the flyers that they are going to put an end to insecurity now the insecurity that was on ground before they came and the level of insecurity that is on ground today that has swept across the north has swept into the south west has come into the south east and is moving into the Niger Delta is not good enough and so whether he admits that he has done his best or not it stops on his table and right now that best is just not good enough. Let me come back to you Mr. Macri there seems to be those who may have taken the president's bits and pieces of Mr. President's statement on Democracy Day especially on the open grazing ban there could have been some people who have taken it as a knot to continue to take laws into their hands to continue to openly graze because you know the president seems to be the commander in chief and he has given a knot to open grazing so they're dammings they seem to be damming the consequences all the actions that might be taken on them by states so do you see that this might just be another case that we will have to deal with in the coming days? Well the president himself has said it that the governors are responsible and I think we have to hold him to that because when you look at it the governors have come out to say that no open grazing if I remember very well the president was referring to a law that used to be effective in northern Nigeria for open grazing and cattle routes those ones have been cancelled out I think Oh I think the internet just froze Mr. Makri there but let me go back to Ankyo I think we'll come back to Makri to answer that question but Ms. Briggs, the spokesperson for Mieti Ala was heard speaking today reacting to that message that allegedly came from Fulani jihadists just as Mr. Makri said jihadists would not refer to himself as the jihadists but they have said that the people in Delta State should discount that message or whatever letter it was being that Mieti Ala or Fulani's would not be making those kind of threats but then in that same breath he also kicked against the governors of the southern parts of the country who have put a ban on open grazing they are saying that that ban is not just a ban on open grazing but they think that this is some form of a hate ban on Fulani's going towards that area what's your take? I mean quite honestly they can't have it all they cannot have it both ways they cannot have their cake and also eat it or whatever the case may be the reality is this they cannot deny a circumstances when it suits them and I own it when it also suits them for them to on the one hand state that they do not agree with the statement with the law that has been passed across southern Nigeria by the 17,000 state governors that the president has told that they are in charge of their state and therefore should take care of security and one of the things they have done is to say that no open grazing now you can't say that that is not the right thing for them to do so for him to say on the one hand we should discontent it and not worry about it and then on the other hand take the same posture of threat and the same posture of disregard for what the people of southern Nigeria and Niger Delta want is not acceptable I still maintain that is our reality today in the Niger Delta that Nigeria is in a mess a security mess and all of us are victims of this security mess and the people that seem to be on the right side of this mess is the headsman you hear the army begging Boko Aram to lay down their arms and come and take Amnesty I mean come on I don't know what do we do because the truth is there are Fulani's who have lived amongst us for example in Kosovo states they have a whole community and they have they've married from the states and they have had children who have become part of that society can we just blanketly say that oh this is a Fulani problem yes we know that majority of them are herders but how do we make sure that these people who genuinely live among us and do businesses with us do not become a target as they have become in the southeast well I mean unfortunately this is a repetition that has started long ago if you recall there have been continuous times across northern Nigeria where people who do business legitimately in northern Nigeria that are from eastern the then eastern region and now southeast and south south where targets not because of what they have done but because some people just look at them and say that these are Nyamini people these are problems that we have in Nigeria and we just cannot use English to wipe away these problems we have to sit down and begin to find solutions some of those solutions are in the calls that we have been making for decades that we should restructure Nigeria and that in that restructuring every state should be able to look after itself and develop itself so that we don't feel that we are less than anybody else and somebody does not feel that they are more than us these are very unfortunate circumstances but they are circumstances of life and death circumstances of blood interesting I don't know if Mr Macri's back would like to I'd like to go back to you Mr Macri you did not really finish answering my question when I asked about those who may have mistaken Mr President's not for open grazing to take you know sudden laws into their hands just as you have said these could be Miss Koreans flying under you know the radar but like I asked Miss Ankyo we all are pointing out the problems how do we bring solutions because again like I said there are some of these people who genuinely live amongst us and do businesses and they're nice and they're safe you know people they do not carry guns or anything how do we make sure that these people are not targets from a security man's perspective well when you look at the problems that we have in this country and then consider the threats that we have you discover that the politicians are behind all these you know when I'm doing my test analysis of Nigeria national security I always put politicians because they are the ones that cause the problem for us I know that the fisherman in the Niger Delta does not have any problems with the farmer in Benway State they don't have any problem they might not even know each other but the politicians go to the center and because of one failure or the other will always come back to tell that oh they did this to me because I'm a new pay man or they did this to me because I'm a full earning or like that so we have to watch that and they have to look at it seriously the country is at the crossroads we are sliding down a very slippery lane and meanwhile instead of us to sit back and take this major problem that we know the problem of ethnicity or should I say nationality and address it they are thinking of how to win elections in 2023 I can tell you this if we don't solve this problem I don't think they will be able to achieve their aim in 2023 so sorry I'm sorry don't you think that we're aiding and abating because you're making a very interesting point here you're saying that politicians have taken advantage of the divisiveness within our different sections in the country to amplify our problems yes but are we not aiding and abating because we're quick to point fingers at our leadership but what about the followership because I was somewhere yesterday and people kept talking about how bad our leadership is and how bad our politicians are but they did not come from Mars did they come from Jupiter they are from amongst us so what are we doing as followers are we not aiding and abating these kinds of activities we are not aiding and abating we are not aiding and abating that's why we are called followers you know if the leader tell us go left we all go left they tell go right we all go right it's the leader always right it's the leader amongst the leader always be right yes you are a leader but you might sometimes not be right even when you seemingly are a leader we are saying that the problem the problem has to be solved with the leaders because they are the problems they are the ones causing this problem for us so if they get themselves on because one of the other problems we have in Nigeria is governance we are not governing well and we are not leading on the principles of justice and equity then we will continue to have this trouble you know leaders need to get themselves together okay so let's talk about MEND quickly I'm coming back to you Ankyo MEND has of course like you said have reacted to this threats and taken it personal what are we to make of these threats then I will hope that Mr Amakri can answer that too or counter threats and the capability of it becoming a security problem because again just as we are not able to ascertain the miscreants that are behind that letter can we really ascertain who the people that are claiming to be MEND are and could this also be a problem that is breeding how do we make sure that that is also shut down not just by press conferences but by security intel well very quickly when you come to the issue of insecurity across the north we started with Boko Haram then we started with ISIS and all of that and then we had Headsmen and up till today the federal government and most of the governors in which states these people operate sometimes they interact with them and sometimes they don't know them now coming down to the south east you find a situation where there are insecurity in the south east and quite quickly we are able to find the people who they claim are perpetrating these insecurities in the south east now you come down to the Niger Delta and there is a threat and then now there is a cancer threat from MEND now everybody in Nigeria and most people who have done analysis and things like that will not believe me if I say that I don't know anything about MEND so I mean I am Niger Delta and we know the story of MEND and so for us in the Niger Delta when we see these counter threats that come from MEND so to play we begin to wonder why it has become a story because when somebody else has made a threat jihadists are now being told they don't exist or non jihadists perhaps and then MEND makes a counter threat and that shows that violence or threats is not only one sided anybody can get up and make a threat anybody can get up and be violent and that's why I keep throwing this back to the government I don't see how a federal government that wants to control everything in Nigeria will now not want to control and get the grip of the security of Nigeria they must get a grip and if they can't get a grip then they must allow also to be able to defend ourselves interesting back to you Mr. Makri you are the security person here so help us out just as I asked same question for you but this time does this not play down on the capabilities of our security agencies and governments in handling the situation because it's becoming like she said it's become a free for all a play of words and do you know anybody can issue a threat and a counter threat what does this make of our country and our level of I know that we have insecurity but then we have governments we have security agencies where is all of the intel where is all of the security that we are hopefully paying for like I told you the intel we have in this country is first class because I know what are we doing with it then but you have to realize that as I also mentioned we have a serious deficit in governance because when governance is not showing itself to be living on the side of equity and justice then you start having all these problems and I can tell you this we the security agencies in the country must have lost their initiative and that's why you have regional security issues coming up like Amoteco Ibubango and the rest is bad now the thing is that the government have to take back that initiative if they don't everybody will be going ahead and try to defend themselves and you see that when the headsmen will leave their traditional area and go all the way down to Delta to threaten a fight and all you find out people asking some other people in the west the south west to leave then you find out that we are in the real mess like Ankyo is just saying and is in that mess can only be cleared by good governance and they can start now I don't think it's late it's not late at all but you have to address the issue if you don't address the issue then it will first time blow into something else that we don't expect Ankyo how serious and how sure does it seem that our leaders even asked the people are ready to have that conversation or deal with this you know hydro-headed monster called insecurity does it seem that it's even within the grasp of our leaders to give us good governance in the first instance or even have that conversation of devolution of powers of restructuring we hear it being banded every other day but are we really ready to sit down and have that conversation and implement every single word to the latter if we do well we better be ready or the other is either we're ready to have a conversation that will resolve the issues that has been on the table or then we are not ready and therefore we are ready for the other which is that whether we like it or not this will get worse and it will get messier and it's just unimaginable what can be the fallout of this all I'm saying is that both the electorate and the people that we are electing and presenting themselves better be certain and know that this is not going back we must resolve this matter we can't just wake up and find ourselves back in 2015 or 2014 we are in a mess and it must be resolved and the only way we can resolve it is to discuss it let everybody come up look we cannot run away from the fact that we are nationalities everybody is recognizing their nationality I've always known whom I am and so therefore I cannot tell somebody else not to recognize who they are the government, all government all the state government the federal government everybody needs to know what is at stake it is the future it is the lives of our people that are at stake we're heading for destruction okay well when you put it that you're all looming this cost for worry well Ankyl Briggs Nigel Delta activist and Dennis Amakri former DSS boss thank you very much for joining us thank you so much for having me alright well thank you all for staying with us we'll take a short break now and when we return we discuss the rising rate of robberies in Lagos do you live in Lagos have you had an experience try and the conversation will be right back