Well, we have made it. Episode 500 of One Piece. It's been an absolutely insane journey up until this point, along one of that, one that I've enjoyed each and every second of, and that's an understatement. But ladies and gentlemen, welcome back to the channel. We have 501 of One Piece today, still in this backstory with Luffy, Sabo, and Ace, and a lot of interesting development in terms of, I guess, Luffy's perspective on the world, and I'm still trying to find out why this Sabo character has been kind of just left out this entire time. If you need a channel, drop us up and let's hop into it. Oh, my God, the ship's gonna capsize. No! Gotta have the representation. Bro, it's just stretching away. He's so, like, in no control of his powers. It's so funny.  There are three little poles. Beg. Now, we do know, yeah, they have, I guess, word on Sabo, but his father's taking steps, but he really wants a telescope. He's, like, fixated on it. Oh, shoot. Dang, one of the chances. Oh, no. Blue Jam's like the big boss, too. Leader of the Blue Jam Pirates. Well, the Blue Jam just isn't that intimidating of a name, in my opinion. Back up on the way, baby! Dude, he's in the, I swear, that's a connection to him being in the barrel. Any time I see Luffy in a barrel, I think back to episode one. And why was he in a barrel? It's just, it's like, it registers in my brain. Then again, I feel like any, like, thread that I followed one piece could end up literally nothing, if it's possible. You know, I suspect the question, how does he keep the hat in such good condition?  It still looks great. I mean, even if he shot Luffy, it wouldn't matter. Sabo's the one they want. Um, oh, it's his dad. Now they know. Tempted Sabo and the evil.  Brother, what do you mean after your money? They're all friends. Brother! Oi. I feel like they'll just let Luffy and Ace go. Oh! A really bad feeling about like, Sabo not making it out of this backstory. And this just grew the bond between Luffy and Ace, because we know Luffy and Ace make it out of this. I don't want to watch this. A man's dreams never end. Awww. He knows it just gets... Oh, the tower. He knows it just gets worse for them if he stays. Like he's taking the hit. Well, no, but he says the pyres can do whatever they want with it. Yeah. For what, ransom? They actually might. Yeah, it's so funny that those nobles look down on even the Blue Jam pyres like they're trash, but they hired them. Awww, because it's fun. Luffy like, ready to fight as soon as he got up. Uh-uh. No, absolutely not. They've known him for too long. Yeah, what is Blue Jam even getting at? I mean, they can just say, no, we won't and leave, right? I mean, he's being kind of honest with them though, because he knows that more chaos is going to occur if they try to take him. It gets worse for everyone. Hey, they got respect from Mr. Blue Jam himself. Oh. Wait, does he ask him to join us? No way. Oh, he's got a job for them already? Carry packages. Are they like mules? Like drug mules? Oh, they about to make some shmoney. They have little flags on them.  It's like what you have to do even if it doesn't feel good. About like what they did or what happened? Oh, yeah, he wants them to snitch? This is shameless. Bro. Dad of the year award, baby. This is, this is great. A crime is a crime. Don't pay him. That's some shmoney. Holy. God dang. Oh, Brooke. Ah, the straw hats. I wonder how they're all doing. Oh, Saddle's going to plan some kind of breakout or something. I really am curious how this all ends up, but I feel like it's like an escape operation. Stelly? Why does Stelly look like a doll, bro? Adopted him.  That is shameless. This guy just gets worse and worse. He's basically like, I don't even need you, Savo. A man's swim is never end. Dude, it's just creepy. I'm calling it an it. It's bothering me. The burnables? What? What do you know, child? Tell him.  A fire. Huh? Like they're just going to burn it down? What's so wrong with... Oh, that's why... Okay. I didn't know that the Slushful Dragon was coming. Are they just worried that the Great Terminal... Oh. Oh my gosh. They don't want to smudge on their kingdom with Great Terminal right out front. Ah, dude. Why does his face look like that? Yeah, because you have to go through the Great Terminal to get into the kingdom, right? I'm pretty sure. He's got his backup pole. He has to go warn them. I mean, it's not even that like Luffy and Asor are inherently in danger because they don't live like in the Great Terminal, but there's a lot of people there. Yeah, shout out this child for, I guess, telling. Yeah, what are they going to do? Just plant bombs? Wait. That's what the boxes were for. Oh. Is it so ridiculous? They're bad people. It's pretty obvious at this point. Oh. Ace is like Luffy. I can't get over it if you keep bringing him up. Yeah. Sabo. He's saying it in his sleep. What's his plan? He's a man on a mission. I think you know Sabo. I'm pretty sure. She was like, have you heard about the fire coming later today? He's like, I think that's a good sign. Okay, dude. Oh my God. Tomorrow is going to be even better though. Oh, no. Clueless. Accidents could easily happen on a day like this. We haven't even seen the leader, have we? I don't think. Oh my God, he's asking so openly. Of course I know. Well, that was easy.  It seems like a lot of people just know. I guess people like the way their lives are here. Yeah, nobody cares. It's even darker that yeah, Luffy and Ace inherently had a hand in it without even knowing. That's why you're so desperate to get Sabo back before the fire. Does that dog have a hat? Oh my. That's nothing. Just a lot of people about to die. Because people here are pretentious and they just want to protect their own lives. Oh, wait. I feel like he's about to spit some wisdom. Oh. No, he's... Yeah, never mind. I think this old man... Worse! Special!  I thought he was going to be like, there's nothing I can do about it, but I wish there was. Because it's not themselves that are in danger and someone else. Sabo's just Bay Zed for having grown up here, to an extent. Run, Sabo!  But he feels so helpless in what he can do to save them. Aside from what I said, he's going to have to straight up escape this entire kingdom. 501, let's go! Flowers! Oh no. He did the trope where you need to keep going, but you just fall. I mean, he's running so fast he just tripped over himself. Oh no. There's no way you can get to him. Is this blue jam shit? Oh, yeah. Oh, well, now they know. At least we know they won't be... I mean, we know that they don't get injured in this either way, but we know they won't be there. But Sabo doesn't know that.  They have humanity blue jam. That's not really your business, isn't it blue jam? He knows they're pirates and these pirate kids would have a mindset of like keeping their treasure in one place. Is he just kind of abandoning Sabo? Just throwing him a basement. That's so gross. So he just adopted like a backup child. Aw, shoot, they're sending them off. Oh, this is so sad. But there's so many people in great terminal. Oh, shoot! I bet she's gonna be just super worried about the boys. Oh, no. I hope she doesn't go looking for them. There's no one that's gonna be able to stop this fire. Absolutely not. The lifesaving and fire extinguishing. Like they even... they are going to attempt it. Yeah, what happens when they make just a great gate? No shot. They just leave them trapped in here? No shot.  Oh, this is so... this is so messed up. They have somewhere to run. Is blue jam just to like execute anyone? What is his dream? He talked to the king? No shot. Oh my god! He's partying blue jam! Dude. Oh my god. I feel like the king is still gonna betray blue jam though. Like he's ordered them to like gun down his crew. They left him tied up! Yeah, why is it close? I don't know. You don't kind of deal with a king like this.  Ah, shoot. Ah, shoot. His come up and it's a little bit of karma. Yeah guys, stop messing around. Oh my god, his whole crew burned alive. That'd be insane. Both scumbags trying to make a deal with each other. And then he can pin it on them. Oh my god! Oh my gosh, what a terrible, terrible man. I mean, yeah, he is a bad guy and it's whatever that they pin it on him, but still. That's crazy. Loopy, gotta get up, kiddo. God dang, even his ship. Loopy, stop complaining! Oh, he made it out. God, that kid already always finds a way. He brave as hell though, man. I think he probably thinks they're dying. There's only so much he can do. God, dude, that fire. Oh, who is that? Who is this? Did he just keep, like, a permanent tab on Loopy and Ace and, like, maybe Sabo? God, kingdom has gone this far. Oh, he was born here. Dude, no wonder he's the leader of a revolutionary army. He stopped places like this from existing. I can't forget. Dude. Dude! Oh, my God! This is, this went 0 to 1. This went to 100 to 1,000. I love the look at Blue Jam's face. So hopeless. Just some scumbags, man. Oh, no, your ship. What are you gonna do now?  What a monster! Holy! Brother is annoyed that the sky is bright from burning people to the ground. That's crazy that Dragon was born here, though. Oh, my goodness. There's a man so, so shallow here. Oh, yeah. Why didn't they think about it like that? What fools? She is horrendous! Jesus. Oh, my God. This is just pure indoctrination. It's so disgusting. Oh, this is hard to watch. You are so gross. At least, uh, what's his name? Nagati already made it out, like, on his ship. I'd be worried about him, especially. No way are you gonna try to take them down as you're burning alive. There's no way. Yeah, why are you still here, Blue Jam? I mean, if Blue Jam were even remotely half intelligent, he would have set a backup plan in case the king did betray them. Like, he should have had some inkling that this was possible. Why? Like, as you're just in this situation, do you want to take these children down? Like, you're so pathetic, man. The question is, is Dragon gonna step in? No, for real. That's a pirate, baby. Oh, maybe it's to get them to leave them alone. He tells them, it's your life. Yeah. All the treasure they've worked so hard for all this time, they have to trade it away. I would have just told them a fake location.  Six years. They're gonna take them with them just in case it's not there. Yeah, I figured. So this is when he set the backup plan case on his lying. The King Gate Blue Jam trust issues in real time. Make a comeback, and it starts off the treasure of some children. Oh my God.   No, he wasn't, bro. You don't know him like they do. He wants them to get mad. He bit him! Oh, no. Well, we know Luffy doesn't die here. I think Dragon's gonna step in. Wait, is that hockey? Holy s***! That's gotta be hockey. The fire went away too for a second. Or was Luffy able to inadvertently use that this young? He was in a life or death situation. Dude, some huge, huge developments here. That had to be Luffy, though. Oh, wait, no, Luffy's the one on the ground. Is that Ace? No, that's Ace in that arm. So maybe Ace had hockey, and we just never even got to see it? I don't know. I thought it was Dragon at first, but it can't be, I don't think, because he would have just been around here. Maybe he would have shown himself, but he also would have stepped in before Blue Jam even had a chance to shoot at Ace. But, dude, Dragon being here is a huge deal. The more kind of information we get about him, the better, because it seems like he does sort of just keep a tap on Luffy. Now, he just showed up at Lowntown when he needed to be there to help him escape and get to the Grand Line. How he's there for Sabo, knowing that, I guess, Sabo's sort of an important part of Luffy's childhood. And, like I said, I kind of like this at work of two evils against each other. Blue Jam and his pirates, and the king and his nobles, I guess. Because you don't root for either side, but whenever one betrays the other, it's just like, dang, I mean, you asked for it, to be honest. But it's developing like crazy, and I'm just pretty much just worried that Sabo doesn't make it out of this, because we've never heard of him up at this point, and we know Luffy and Ace make it out. But guys, that's been it for episode 500 and 501 of our One Piece Watchers. Do drop a comment down below when you thought the episode was what you thought of my reaction as well, and I'll catch you guys in the next one. Peace, base.


This is Jimmy Powers, ready to bring you another story from the tumult and the shouting. Hello, folks and fans. This is Jimmy Powers transcribed with another chapter from the Grantland Rice story, the tumult and the shouting. Reading this wonderful book, you come to know Granny Rice as few of us were privileged to know him, even those of us who batted the typewriter keys in the press boxes of the nation with Granny through so many wonderful years. You see, Granny had countless friends and friends that weren't headliners in sports alone, but men in all walks of life, Irvin S. Cobb, for instance. The great humorist was born four years before Granny in 1876. No man lived a more fuller life of letters than all that went with pen and ink, including radio, the stage, and movies. So let's look at Cobb, the sports enthusiast, through the eyes of his friend Granny Rice. And with a sharp salute to the every young spirit of Granny Rice, the dean of sportswriters, I take up his narrative in first person. An old-time sportsman, one of the greatest writers, speakers, wits, and certainly one of the Earth's greatest fellows, landed in New York for the last time during the Christmas season of 1943. The name was Irvin S. Cobb of Paducah, Kentucky, New York, and California. And you can include almost any state where Irv has spent either a night or a day or even 30 minutes. We went back to the older and earlier days of such remembered entries as Bowes Bulger, Bunk Macbeth, Damon Runyon, Gene Fowler, Ring Lardner, Haywood Bruin, and a few others who once decorated the sporting scene. Irv was telling me of the time when Colonel Matt Wynne of Kentucky Derby fame was the finest tailor and clothes salesman the South ever knew before the call of the thoroughbred lured him away of the earlier days of Colonel Ed Bradley, Phil Chin, and other Kentuckians who have contributed so much to turf history. Irvin Cobb with Oliver Herford and Wilson Meisner is one of the greatest single-line pullers I ever knew. I recall an argument one night over the weights in some coming fight. Cobb suddenly turned to James Preston, the famous artist, and asked, How much do you weigh, Jimmy? Just 100 pounds replied the slender painter. 100 pounds, Cobb said. Why, I have an ant with a goiter that weighs more than that. We were talking about the set ways of certain critics who refused to change their views. I recall the time when Paul Berlenbach came along. Paul was clumsy and awkward, but he could punch and fight. To many fight experts at that time, he was a bum. When he finally came off the floor to beat Jack Delaney for the light heavyweight title of the world and smother young Stribbling, he was still a bum to those who had never liked his style. Irv laughed. They remind me of Oliver Herford, the wit of the Players Club in all New York. I once asked Herford what he thought of Arnold Bennett's latest smashed hit, at that time a sensation. I'll tell you, my dear Cobb, Herford said, I wrote a criticism about his first book, which so prejudiced me against the fellow I have never been able to read anything he has written since. But the greatest angle on critics, Irv continued, came from Robert Louis Stevenson when he was dying. A friend told Stevenson that Matthew Arnold, who had panned Stevenson and almost every other writer of that day, had just died. Stevenson frowned and shook his head. That's too bad, he said. He won't like God. Cobb's greatest two favorites from the old days were John McGraw of the Giants and Frank Chance of the Cubs. They were fighters and winners, he said. They never fought for yards. They fought for inches. They fought everybody, umpires, crowds, opposing players, and their own players. I'll never forget the time before the famous playoff game in 1908, after the Merkel incident, when Frank Chance wanted to fight all the Giants and 30,000 hostile New York fans. What a baseball parade has gone by since those days, Cobb continued, when George Cohan and DeWolf Hopper were among the hot rooters. I mean Christie Matheson and Roger Bresnahan, Three-Fingered Brown and Johnny Kling, Waller Johnson, Rube Waddell, Eddie Collins, Ty Cobb, Nap Lashaway, Shulis Joe Jackson, Grover Alexander, Honus Wagner, Ed Walsh, Cy Young, Mike Donlan, Ross Young, Eddie Plank, Chief Bender, Frankie Frisch, Roger Hornsby, and on and on and on. They tell me I'm a pretty sick man. Maybe I am. I wouldn't know or care too much. But when I get tired now and then staring at the ceiling, where they no longer let me practice quick starts to the food table, I like to close my eyes and watch that old parade go by. Great hitters, the greatest. Great pitchers, the greatest. Don't forget Ed Walsh won either 40 or 41 games one season and saved 12 others. If you only won 20 games, they threw you back. Base runners, Cobb stole 96 bases one year. If you couldn't steal 50 bases, you needed a crutch or a motorcycle. It was a different game, Grant, and to me a better game, for it was a game fought on the field and not over the fences with a rabbit ball. It was at least my game and the game of millions who still remember those old-time thrills when almost everything happened in the park and not outside the park. It might be noticed that Cobb, Irvin S that is, was a one shortstop man. His nominee, of course, was Honus Wagner, the sprout-legged Dutchman with the scoop-shovel hands. It's a strange thing, but at any convocation of grey beards when the talk turns to baseball and its greatest players, there is seldom any argument about who's at short. It's always the Dutchman. And thinking of the indestructible Wagner, who was wrought from pig iron, I like to compare him with another shortstop genius, one of the very few modern-day shortfielders who rates comparison with Wagner's 18-year span with Pittsburgh. I mean Phil Rizzuto. Compared to the brawny Dutchman, little Phil is a strativarius, which brings me to baseball's most dangerous play. Many's the time I've watched Rizzuto take a toss from his second baseman, get off the double-play throw to first, just as he was knocked down by the rival baserunner. Luckily, Phil was never irreparably injured. The player handling the ball is quite often at the complete mercy of the baserunner. He hasn't a chance to protect himself under many conditions. In my book, this is the most cowardly play in the game, the baserunner assaulting an unprotected man who can't strike back. I talked over this play with Dr. George Bennett of Johns Hopkins, the noted expert who has worked with Joe DiMaggio and so many other stars, largely from love of the game. This is a play that should be barred at once, he said. I can't tell you how many players I have treated for injuries from this frontal assault. It is a cruel, dangerous play and cowardly. The pivot man in a double-play must concentrate on taking the throw from his fellow player, retire the first runner, and then get the hitter at first base. He rarely has the chance to protect himself against the baserunner charging in. On any number of occasions, I have seen baserunners bowl over the pivot after he was clearly out or after the ball was thrown. His intent under these conditions must have been to wreck the rival player. Short stops and second basemen are hard to get, at least good ones. Yet major league owners and managers permit this almost daily assault in the belief that it adds life to the game. The managers are facing no danger. They are 100 yards away on the bench. Someday, a risotto, a Reese, a dark, or a carousel will be crippled for life. Then, as usual, everyone will suddenly wake up and abolish this play. Just remember that the player taking out his unprotected opponent is committing not an act of courage, but an act of cowardice. In the wake of Honest Wagner, the hotspot at Shortstop hasn't had the talent in past years that other positions have known. There have been good ones, but no great ones. No second Wagner's. In the American League, we have risotto of the Yankees and carousel of the White Sox. In the National League, we have Reese of the Dodgers, Hamner of the Phillies, and Dark of the Giants. This is about as useful a collection of short stops as you'll find looking back for many seasons. They are high-class fielders, and most of them are hitting over 300. Certainly, the New York District has the strongest trio it has ever known in risotto, Reese, and dark. Always fine infielders, the three are now having their best years at bat. Granny Hamner is also hitting up with the elect. Outside of Wagner, it is still impossible to get any number of experts to agree on the second best. You'll find them speaking of Beauty Bancroft, Travis Jackson, Lou Budrow, Marty Marion, Reese, risotto, and a few others who have played well. But few from this group have been consistent 300 hitters. Wagner was not only the best shortstop, but also a great baserunner and batting star. There have been more great second basemen than great short stops in the past. Lashaway, Collins, Hornsby, Frisch and Garinger for five examples. My friend Irvin S. Cobb, the Kentucky Bullfrog, bless him, passed to his reward the following March at 68. But right to the end, his spirit remained young, vigorous, and indestructible. Just as Wagner's spirit these many years has remained jaunty and wonderful to behold. Well, this is Jimmy Powers again. Irvin S. Cobb died in 1944. Granny Rice joined Cobb 10 years later in July of 1954. And Honest Wagner joined them both in December 1955. And I imagine that both Granny and Irvin S. Cobb were right at those pearly gates to welcome the Dutchman. Now until next time, this is Jimmy Powers transcribed, saying, Hasta la vista.


Good morning to you. This is the breakfast on Klaus TV Africa. I am Justin Acadonia. And I am Messi Boko, beautiful morning to you. It feels great to know that you are on the other side of the divide. We certainly apologize for starting behind shadow. But on the show this morning, ahead of the 2023 January elections, the leadership of the all-progressive Congress has peaked. Lagos-based business, Montana called as its standard bearer in reverse state. What becomes of the APC in reverse state? Also on the breakfast, experts say Malera killed no fewer than 200,000 Nigerians. Affected 61 million orders in 2021 and the country lost over 1.1 million dollars, billion dollars, 645.7 billion annually to prevention and treatment. What is the way forward? And don't forget, we'll also be looking through today's newspapers and analyzing the biggest stories of the day. Welcome. It's still the breakfast on Klaus TV Africa. We'll just slide on to what is trending. And the president is trending and a whole lot is also trending. But this time around, a particular lawyer is actually suing the president. But before we get into that, the biggest story making headlines everywhere in the ICT space in the tech world is Twitter. And specifically, Elon Musk is in the news. And he is acquiring Twitter, the microblogging site. It has been on for quite some time. But the deal has actually been finalized and he is actually taking over Twitter all its shares. Merci. I don't know if you've been following that particular story. It's like one of the biggest acquisitions of all times. Yes. So we're looking at the fact that Elon Musk has actually been in this space for this conversation. As a matter of fact, you have reports saying the new Twitter daddy that has gotten a lot of persons reacting. So yes. So it feels like there's a lot of mix, I mean, this mixed reaction as regards Twitter right now. And some people are saying, oh, the fact that you have Elon Musk's buying Twitter might not be really, really good. And then that's because Elon Musk's often has criticized Twitter over misinformation calls for violence, harassment, conspiracy theory. And some people are saying, now, these are some of the things that he's talked about. Majorly, Elon Musk is very big and great on the issue of freedom of speech. I'd like to quickly run through what he says about freedom of speech. I mean, his thoughts right here, because we feel like we're getting to a point where there might just be a new horizon having Elon Musk on board right here.  And Twitter is a digital town square where matters, a virtual to the future of humanity are debated. I also want to make Twitter better than ever by enhancing the product with new features, making the algorithms open to source, increase trust and defeating the spam boots and authenticating all humans. Twitter has tremendous potential. I look forward to working with the company and the community of users to unlock it. So we already understand what it is. But just in MOC that a lot of people think that there might just be some kind of trouble. Now way back, if you remember 2009 or about 2011, there were several hashtags. So if you talk about freedom, let's not forget that not too long you had Donald Trump kicked out of Twitter. And recently, he said that he's not going to come back on Twitter even if you have Elon Musk's buying Twitter. And you understand what led to all of that. So he's been very big. Elon Musk's been very big on freedom of speech. And so you get back to it. In 2009, about 2009 to about 2011, some people actually think that Twitter space was really not very controlled because you have people putting out stuff that were not really fantastic. For instance, you had hashtags that were trending at the time. Hitler did nothing wrong. Hashtag, Hitler did nothing wrong. You had a lot of racist kind of comments and hashtags actually trending. So people are saying that if Elon Musk is talking about freedom of speech, we need to begin to identify. He needs to come out very plain. I mean, the simple terms and language to tell us what exactly he means by freedom of speech. Are we going to get back to the time where Twitter had all of that toxic comment and content being put out because right now, there seem to be some regulation that kicked out Donald Trump for some certain comment. So it's a lot of energy. Some people saying that they're quitting Twitter. They can be part of it because they feel like it's going to be a disaster and all of that. So it's a lot that's going on. I just feel that you just gave him a chance to let's just see how it unfolds and before they start making decisions of running away. But another good thing about it is that it is really telling positively on the shares of Twitter and then the stakeholders stand to benefit a lot from what we have been told. Under the new terms of their shareholders will receive $54.20 set in cash for each stock they have on Twitter. That's a very big deal really. A very good return, not just because of this acquisition. I wish I had Twitter shares right now. The fact that he has like 73 million, I mean he's the highest shareholder at the end of the year for Twitter. Now also another thing is the fact that apparently he wants to achieve that takeover. Apart from the issue of freedom of speech, he's also talked about the long tweets. So you notice sometimes if you're very Yes. So if you have so much to write you get limited and so you get to a point where so he's saying that he's going to reduce all of that, authenticate humans and to come to a point where you have all of the ads, you know. So that's also calling for a lot of consent because those ads can be really annoying and so it might not just be a lot, businesses. So we're just we're just going to get to a period where there's going to be a lot of change. Now we can really, really tell what exactly the change will be, but you can also tell Yes, you can get the feelers from what he has always talked about. And some people say, oh, you have alien marks being attacked by Twitter, being criticized. What he decided to do was just buy Twitter.  And what he did was decide to ban Twitter. So you have Elon, Mark saying, oh, no, it's a different thing entirely. So all of that comparison has been put out. But we already know where he stands. I'm looking at all of the things that he's talked about, freedom of speech, you know, long tweets and all of that authentication of humans and what have you. So it's going to be a change. Some people haven't really embraced it. Some people think that. But the fact is that some changes could be very positive over time. Not necessarily. Not necessarily. If you talk about what positive are we talking about, even as we are on Twitter, it feels like it's very toxic and it feels like it's not properly regulated. So you have a lot of regulations. And that's why, like I mentioned earlier when you have the former president of the United States of America, Donald Trump being, you know, banned from Twitter. Donald Trump has said that whether or not you have alien marks buying Twitter, it doesn't change anything. He's not coming back, right? Now, he's very, alien marks is very big on having freedom of speech. And like he has categorically mentioned in his tweets over time, he talked about the fact that it's very vital to democracy. And so what freedom are we talking about here? Are we going to get to a point where we are going to really have some kind of comments like hashtag, he'd like to not do anything. I think you know that if those kind of tweets come up, there's going to be some kind of restrictions. And that's what happened to Donald Trump. And so people are beginning to say, so are we going to get back to the era where you have those kind of tweets coming back on board? I'm sure there would be a way to actually control all of this in as much as he owns a majority share in Twitter. Now, the sole decision of what happens on Twitter, then it does not really lie on him. Really? How do you even explain that? Because Twitter is not, I mean, if everything is being done, this is a bead, everyone said that this is a negotiation. Twitter at one time, once upon a time said, we're not going to, after a while, Twitter is dealing right now.  It therefore means that he becomes, Twitter is now a private owned company. He owns and controls Twitter. And you know what happens when you have- But he should also be aware that he's actually in need to make business. And if you're making decisions, you don't just put your personal interests first. At the end of the day, should also consider the bottom line. Because if you're making decisions and you're losing business, you might want to have a rethink. I understand. But let's also look at the fact that, for instance, combating Nigeria, once upon a time, you had telecommunication. I mean, setting service providers, dominating the entire scene. And you know what monopoly does to an economy? Yes. But eventually, the market was widened, was thrown open, and that you can see healthy competition. So do we have healthy- The question now is, is there a healthy competition for Twitter? Like you have- What's his name again? Don't start. Don't even start mercy. All right, let's just leave Twitter so we can actually move on to the top trend. Actually, just one more top trending. And this time around, a particular lawyer is serene, the president over the issue of a fuel scarcity in the country. And he said it is because the president also doubles as the minister of petroleum resources. And for the country to be having all of this scarcity, that means he has actually not done well as the minister of that particular ministry. So, yes, it's very commendable. I mean, how far this would go? No, first of all, you must appreciate the bravery of the lawyer. I mean, it's a very brave one. It's a welcome development. But we also need to understand, as much as he's a legal practitioner, one would expect that he should understand what the law says. I really do not know, but I stand to be corrected. The constitution has not made any provision. I mean, there's no fault in the constitution or there's nowhere in the constitution that states that the president cannot have, you know, does not play a dual role, like he doesn't hold two offices or position. So the constitution has not stated that. That's not wrong. No, it's not, I mean, it's not an illegality being. So that's what we're saying because at the end of the day, is the issue of, you know, legal. Is it legal? Is it illegal? And some quotas or some quota have actually argued that these suit is actually going to be dead on arrival. Because if you look at the constitution, the constitution has not specified that the president cannot be the president and be a minister or act in dual capacity. Well, is this one challenging? Let's look at the merit of the case right now. Is he actually challenging the fact that the president is actually the minister of transportation or basically the capacity in which he's acted and the fact that he has not performed? So what he's suing for is suing for the fact that Nigerians have suffered. There's been a lot of pain, costs, I mean hardship during that period where you had fuel scarcity, which was necessitated by the fact that you have some element in the system importing adult treated products into the market and that cost scarcity. And so you understand that the minister, the president is the president of the federal republic of Nigeria. He also doubles as the minister of petroleum resources. So you've got his deptitude, mismanagement, it's actually the whole foundation? Yes, so it lies on what premise, I mean that suit, as much as it's morally right, a lot of people, you don't forget the conversation that we had. It feels like Nigerians will move all the time, including the media. We have already moved from the start. We're going on to all the stuff. Nobody's talking about it. So we constantly screamed and talked about the fact that who is responsible for having us importing adult treated product, products that are not up to standard, and that has caused a lot of hardship and for Nigerians. Someone should answer to it. Should we get a solution for the minister, for the president himself? Yeah, where you have the president himself presiding over. There should be a lot of heads rolling. That has been the question. So he's suing that. How do you explain all of that? First of all, how do you explain it? Because the president is, he's suing the president because he's the president. He's also the minister. So in what sense? Now the issue of citizenship, if you begin to look at the issue of basic amenities for citizenship, I mean a matter of provision of good governance for citizens, constitutionally it's not justifiable. So there's no, you can't really hold it. It brings us back to the issue of saying that it would just be a moral issue. And you know, morality is not lower. It's very sad for us. So that's why a lot of peasants have actually cried out. If you look at it, we constantly say that our constitution has not done us any good. You look at those gray areas. I mean that's the reality. So fingers across, this is me just preempting and saying this is what we're looking at. So fingers across, let's see how far this issue actually goes. Yeah, we'll see how far it goes. But the whole idea is that at the end of the day, Nigerians should not have to suffer all of these, you know, issues that have lingered on for so long. The issue of a few scarcity, it's as though it has become part of, you know, Nigeria as in part of what we know, part of what we live with as if it's just a norm. That's actually an anomaly. We should not be grown in, you know, under the, you know, the pangs of a few scarcity in the country. We shouldn't. No, so which is totally, I mean, what happened is wrong, is not acceptable. But like we rightly mentioned, the constitution governs the activities of a nation. And if you look at everything, so you're going to have all of this argument coming for that, you know, where does the constitution talk about good governance and citizens going through pains and hardship? I don't know. So it's just going to be, you know, a very hard one, but very brave, a festival of festivities commendable. And that's the size of our top trending this morning. Definitely take a break. When we return, we'll be heading straight to the pages of a national game. We stay with us as we return tomorrow with more interesting conversations making the rounds in different spaces.


Everybody forced here ripping the sports card almanac multi-sport personal edition But one box for Garrett L Garrett has box number 87. Good luck Garrett. Here we go memorabilia redemption Trivia time y'all. There's a good one. There's a good one This one was actually pretty tough for everybody here at the shop Well, let's see This player drove a garbage truck to support himself and his daughter before becoming an NBA legend This player drove a garbage truck to support himself and his daughter before becoming an NBA legend Ex-pager in YouTube. Nobody in Twitch yet.  YouTube has already got it. We're waiting on Twitch. Yeah, I guess is whatever you got to do Yes, again Still waiting on one for Twitch Yeah, you can guess again. Why not? No one's got it right yet We've had plenty of time. Yeah, YouTube has it correct already. So it is Larry Bird so it's Ex-pager in YouTube and it was a Illegally in Twitch Larry Bird This is a nice one Mitchell and that's authentic Fanatics that is Mitchel and that's baby. I love these Mitchell and Esther's every time Larry Bird And that'll do it. Thanks again Garrett. We'll get this out to you


Thanks. Thank you very much for the invite. I've never been to DEF CON or Black Hat before, so this is kind of an interesting phenomena for me. Thanks. I'm an engineer that got into security rather than the other way around. So what you're going to hear is the engineering view of the world and what's going on and what's needed and what's missing. I've deliberately, this thing moves, put this slide up. Everything we're talking about is this guy right here. If you saw that in the village, that's a sensor. In this case, it's a 4 to 20 milliamp sensor. It's probably measuring flow. They've put it in line. It could be measuring pressure, flow, temperature, picket. Well, we're talking about our fingers. This is what measures things, and it's going to the brain, which would be the controllers.  And that's what all of this is about. I'm going to take it now back to the beginning. OK. So like I say, I wanted to thank Larry for inviting me because this is a really important area. And one of the biggest things you're going to get out of this is we've got to, got to, got to have the engineers and the IT security people working together. And that is not happening in most cases. Because what we're talking about here is pure engineering. It is not IT. You've probably heard all of this. The big thing is that last bullet in what's in bold. Control systems monitor and control physical processes. It doesn't matter what it is. It doesn't matter if it's a power plant, a pipe, a human body. If you've got physical processes and you've got a monitor, for example, temperature, pressure, or flow, or radiation, and then you want to control it, that's a control system. Industrial was a poor term. We didn't know what else to call it. Because all of the building controls here are essentially ICS, because you're monitoring temperature, you're monitoring steam flow, water flow, humidity. All of the things you think about, there's nothing different. So everything we're talking about here crosses every border. But the big thing is most of you, if you're coming from the IT world, you have the CIA paradigm, confidentiality, integrity, availability. It isn't just that it's backwards for us. It's actually missing the most important letter. And that's the letter S. And the letter S is for safety. Because in our world, we can kill people. That's the most important. Everything we do is reliability and safety. Confidentiality, really one of the only places it's important, is if you have a meter, like a smart meter in a house or something like that. For almost everything else, confidentiality is very, very trivial. When you put it in a database and store it somewhere, then it becomes IT and confidentiality is a big thing. We're talking about data in motion. So one of the big things is a problem in Europe. Europe is totally confidentiality based or privacy based. In the control system world, that's not us. This is just a Venn diagram I've had for years. Part of our problem is you've got two worlds coming together, the IT world and the control system world. And you'll notice the number of arrows. Most of the people that are working this are coming from IT. Very few are coming from the domain. And part of it is it's unfortunate, but control system people generally do not like security. It's an impediment to what they do. So you don't have near enough people who actually understand the domain even wanting to be in this. And we need to figure out what to do. There is a really, really, really small dot where you have actual ICS security experts. And by the way, one of the things I always tell everybody, if somebody tells you they're a SCADA security expert, run the other way. It generally means they learned how to spell SCADA within a year or so. Because there's one other thing. How many people would go to Macworld and only want to talk about PCs? Sounds kind of silly, doesn't it? When you talk about SCADA, SCADA is not every control system. SCADA is only one type of control system. And it isn't used in a lot of places. So when you use the term SCADA and you don't use it right, you will lose all credibility really fast. We are here in, you could either say the cyber-physical world, but really we're in the physical cyber world. Everything we're talking about is physical. Cyber happens to play into it. And you need to address it from that perspective. People hear about advanced persistent threats. When you look at things like Stuxnet, those were hard-coded default passwords that were part of the design of that controller. That wasn't an APT. In a sense, it was a persistent design vulnerability. You can't change it. And by the way, this isn't just Siemens. We have a lot of PLC manufacturers that have, if you will, used the passwords as part of their actual software computing platform. So if you change the hard-coded default password, that PLC falls on the floor dead. This is not like what you would normally think.  This was never, remember, we didn't start out life worrying about security. We worry about reliability and safety. And a lot of this came because we were trying to capture mean time between failure data. The only way to do that was to have a backdoor in to be able to continue to capture and get that data. Totally different reason. In IT, you normally want to stop data. You want to do it denial of service. When you're in the control system world, and you want to do something bad, it's not a denial of service. You want to cause boom in the night. So what you want to do is you want to take control of the process. Or you want to take control of the operator displays and have the operator do the wrong thing. It is not a denial of service. What you're looking at, level 012, this is all from the Purdue reference model. This has nothing to do with the seven layer OSI stack. So what you're talking about, this is the process. So this is like a boiler. Or it's like the electrical wires. Or this is like the refinery process. Here, level 1 is basically the real time measurement. This is normally, now again, years ago you could have subdivided this easily. What happened with Stuxnet, that was level 2. Now, many years ago, there was a distinct difference. Now with networking and with ethernet, et cetera, it's blurring. Level 2, which used to be totally isolated from the internet, is no longer isolated from the internet. So it starts blurring when you start talking about levels 2, 3, 4 on up. And it's even starting to blur even when you get down to here, because you start talking about sensors on chips and things like that. But what we're really worried about is when you can compromise a system by physics, you can't stop that. One of the things Aurora does is use physics to cause essentially very, very, very large torques and current spikes in milliseconds. There's nothing you're going to do about that. That's how, by the way, you bring the grid down for about 9 to 18 months. That's what we're talking about. This is not a day or two or anything else. This is how you break very large equipment, like generators, motors, transformers. These are really long term equipment. And you don't make very many of these, and these are almost always very specific to the specific process. And there aren't very many vendors who even make this anymore, and a lot of them are offshore. So when you start breaking things, there's a lot of questions that come in. Now, again, our communications are not native IP. You're talking about, say, Modbus over IP or DNP over IP. Pick something, but it's not native IP. What we do is we use IP as a wrapper, OK? And there's work going on. But these protocols are not, like I say, native IP. And the real protocols we're worried about here aren't Modbus or DNP. There are things like heart or wireless heart or Profibus, Fieldbus. These are your level 0, level 1 sensor protocols. There's not only no security in them, they were designed almost to be insecure. You'll find a lot of these have things like XML, OK? So one of the other questions is, so what? Well, you can get to them. The IO, the input-output cards, you'll see them.  It allows the instruments to communicate bi-directionally. You'd think about things like data diodes. Well, that doesn't do anything when you're talking about sensors, especially smart sensors. Smart sensors have to communicate bi-directionally. Smart means it's digital and it's done all of the conversions at the sensor layer. And you'll notice, again, engineers can no longer simply measure the output analog signal. They need to communicate with a transmitter and read the digital signal. Well, there's no air gap. It's impossible to have an air gap. Everybody thinks, hey, I did this, therefore I'm fine. You can't do that. And the whole point about the presentation, there is almost no cybersecurity in them. There's no authentication. And from a cyber perspective, there's no forensics. One of the things that's really important to get across as an engineer, I don't care if the process fails because it was a system problem or because it was hacked. The process still failed. We need to understand when the process is starting to fail. And what you'll find in our world is often the only difference between malicious versus unintentional is the motivation of somebody. Why did they do what they did? It's different. And we need to think different. We need to think about how do you keep the boiler within a prescribed temperature and pressure range, regardless of why? And like I say, the protocols are vulnerable. I put this up. This was an ICS cert notification. Last revised, July 25, 2017. We're talking Thursday. That's profanet. When people think, hey, this isn't vulnerable. Yes it is. We've had any number of demonstrations of hacking heart, wireless heart. A friend of mine just got his doctorate from the Air Force Institute of Technology at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. He's now at Oak Ridge. His doctoral thesis was on hacking heart-enabled process sensors. What they're going to be doing next year, even though he's already proven it, is the next one going through the PhD program is going to go directly after wireless heart, even though we already know that's vulnerable. His thesis happened to have been on wired heart. So just so people understand, not only are we talking about a problem, it's a very exploitable problem. Now, control system cyber incidents are real. This is my database. It's been well over 950 to date. These are not vulnerabilities. These are real incidents. And you can see the impacts ranging all over the place. And you can see this is complete destruction of a turbine that happens to be Aurora. That's the DC Metro train crash, San Bruno, Bellingham. That was Marucci. That was an offshore oil platform that they hacked the buoyancy and tilted an offshore oil rig. This is really different than things you're talking about. Gee, somebody stole my data. This is the dam in Russia. I don't even want to try to pronounce it. That lifted a 1,000 ton turbine off its pedestal. There were 75 people killed there. In fact, the Russians originally thought we did that. That happens to be a brand new Navy ship because of control system cyber problems. On its maiden voyage had to be towed in the last 40 miles into Norfolk. So when you start looking, you can also see there's a lot of different industries here. This is just kind of my summary. There have been over 1,000 deaths to date and well over $50 billion in direct damage. In fact, I'll give you an example of what we're talking about. And it also flows into what this presentation is about. I think most people know what Stuxnet is. It was changing the logic in a controller to change the process and then changing the logic back so nobody would know. You know what I just described? Volkswagen. And by the way, Fiat, Harley-Davidson, all of them. They all did exactly that because they couldn't meet the environmental controls. And when I had first was looking at all of this about quote unquote ICS sensors not being secure or authenticated, I called one of the professors at UC San Diego who was doing the analysis on Volkswagen and Fiat. And I asked them, are the sensors in cars, do they have authentication or security? You're right, no. There's nothing specific about this. But think about it. If the sensor data can't be trusted, what does it say about every single thing you're doing with network monitoring? If you're a doctor and you cannot trust your temperature or blood pressure readings, how can you make a diagnosis? That's where we are here. And you go think about Microsoft with the Azure Cloud or any of the others. What's their assumption on everything? The sensor data is authenticated and trusted. That is the assumption for the entire Azure Cloud. So think about what I just said with respect to the ICS world and cloud computing. It's really that simple. Here's the techie that explains most everything. What you have over here is what most people realize. Here's your normal net, your operator displays. This is all windows. Everything here is generally IT. Prior to Stuxnet, don't even look there. Since Stuxnet, people are really worried about the PLC, only this is a valve. Here's a motor. That's a sensor. This thing here, that's what makes that 1970s or 80s valve a 2015 valve. This is the smart electronics. That's the smart electronics for the motor. Same thing with the sensor. And that's all remotely accessible. So what you've got here, there is no security. Now, here's our process. That's the most important thing in the world to us. This stuff starts as serial. It ends up going through the serial ethernet converter. And by the way, what did the Russians hack, both in the US and in the Ukraine? It was the serial ethernet converters. Only they used it to go up into the network, not down to the sensors. Here is where all of your network monitoring starts. They assume whatever happens here is correct. That's the flaw in every single network anomaly detection program today. They assume, when you start here, that that sensor value is correct. And they have no way of knowing that it isn't. And I showed you that picture there. Now, this is the holy grail. The holy grail is to know. In fact, I'll give it to you this way. About four or five weeks ago, Honda shut down an assembly plant in Japan. Cost them 1,000 cars. Why they found want to cry on the networks. There wasn't one single alarm on the factory floor. They did a self-denial of service without having a clue whether it affected them or not. This is where we are today. You cannot, from here, make any real view of what's going on in the real process. Because all you've got is the data that's going from that serial ethernet converter. The holy grail is to be able to look at the process and cross-correlated to the network anomaly. To be able to say, hey, I found malware. Is my process changing? Assuming it shouldn't, and you're watching the sensors and you know precisely what's happening, why do anything? This is probably the most important thing in the world when you talk about the industrial world or the commercial world. When do I care? Today they cannot make that statement. This is just the sensor. And again, here's the point. What you're doing is you're coming back in, and if you change things like zero and span, you can prevent a sensor from ever reaching a set point or to reach a set point long before it should. And you will never know that from network monitoring. This happens to be a smart sensor, the same thing. You get into here, you make your changes. Nobody will ever know. Now, what happens? This is what I was doing 20 some odd years ago when I was still at the Electric Power Research Institute before I ever heard of security. We were worried about doing root cause analysis on failures. But what we were doing was a snapshot in time, doing post mortem. Well there's technology now that allows you to do this in real time. This is where the Holy Grail is coming. But what's happening is this is what's filtered out as you go through the serial ethernet converter. That's why nobody here on the network side is ever going to be able to really understand what's happening. What you're getting essentially is the absolute value of the signal, not what's actually happening in the process. This is what is completely and totally different. Here are real things. And two weeks ago I was at a power plant. It had tripped. They had tripped it. In other words, shut it down. Very large plant. A pressure sensor reached a set point. Why a sensing line clogged? It is impossible to see that from network monitoring. But if you're looking at the process, it becomes very obvious something is going on with that sensor. This is something I worked on a long time ago. This is a nuclear plant where a safety relief valve didn't lift. This is safety. This is as much safety as you can get. Why didn't it lift? Because the sensor could never reach its set point. What happened? That's Tomsock, the dam in Missouri, basically failed about five or six years ago. What happened? It had a couple of level sensors attached to the wall of the dam. The tie-downs broke, so the sensors came out from the wall. When they came out from the wall, the level readings changed because you measure level by elevation head. You measure level by height. Well, the height changed. So the SCADA system took the data, took it as real, had no reason not to. And when it said the level was low, it turned the pumps on until the reservoir overfilled and the earthen dam collapsed. There's no hypothetical here. This is a stuff that every bit of this has actually happened. This was one of the biggest fires in the UK, which was a refinery fire because the sensors didn't work to tell them that the tank was being overfilled. These are huge catastrophic problems. The controller can't do anything, or it's different. The controller will do exactly what the sensor is telling them that the process seems to be. This is what is reality, and this is what network monitoring can't do today because it doesn't have a view into the process. Part of what's going on is this. Sensors, actuators, and drives to this day are still being made with no security and no authentication. They're engineering systems. What our vendors do is they have the security done over here where you're worried about the network. Over here where they do the engineering for the engineering systems, there are no security requirements. That's to this day. This is a huge problem. In IT, it may all be all about packets. For ICS, it is not. IoT, IoT is a funny animal. What is IoT? If it's Fitbits and refrigerators, who cares? But in a sense, we're part of IoT. We were IoT 20 years before there was IoT. And they're certainly not looking at anything like this. And then here's even ICS cert. They put out their 2016 statistics. There is no mention whatsoever of anything at level zero on one. The only thing they talk about are network issues. And it's the same thing from 2015 and 14, and you can keep on going. There's nothing that's ever changed. And what needs to be done, you've got to get the engineers involved. And reliability and safety have to be number one. Confidentiality is fine, maybe. But if you don't take reliability and safety there, why bother? And the other thing to realize, everything we're talking about in the sensor world is all reliability and safety. It's really not cyber. But it's the most important input to cyber. Because how can you monitor anything if you don't trust the input? And that's what this is all about. We have, what do you do about supply chain when you talk about this layer? What do you do about risk assessment methodology? Risk assessment, certainly vulnerability assessment, assumes you're secure. And it's a gap analysis away from what you think is secure. When these have zero security, what do you do about a vulnerability assessment with zero? It's effectively infinite. Like I say, the ultimate holy grail is to correlate, process anomaly detection with network anomaly detection. Short of that, we're going to continue to have the Honda issue. And this occurred, by the way, 10, 15 years ago with Code Red and Slammer. We had utilities shut down, not utilities.  Because somebody said there's malware out there. Not because there was anything within the process that changed. Nobody knew. You want a funny form of ransomware, go do this. But malware, nobody has any idea what it means. So with that, any questions? Martina, I was going to put this back on. Here are some of those, because I know you were late. These are some of the real sensor related incidents that have already occurred. I just went through my database quickly. This is not all of them by any stretch. But like I say, you're talking about hydro, water, waste water, fossil, nuclear. This was essentially mining, refineries. This is all over the world. This is not a utility problem. It's not a North American problem. It's not anyone vendor's problem. What's a mindset so far you've done in the sense that there are multiple sensor same type, multiple different types out of man? Well, one of the things that I'm going to have to get going, because I've got to go to that thing, too, where Chris is, part of the reason I brought up risk assessments. We've not done very good risk assessments. One of the things, how could a single pressure sensor shut down a large power plant? From an engineer's perspective, something is wrong here. Now, part of what it's saying is you better understand what is really, truly critical. The other is, what happens if you put redundant sensors but they're on the same, if you will, ethernet land? That's exactly right. I'm working with some technology to try to really understand what's going on at the sensor layer. But first and foremost, you've got to have a good risk assessment. If you don't know what's really critical, you're dead on arrival. I mean, it's a really good question, and this is such a great answer to your question. One pressure sensor isn't supposed to shut down a multi-unit power plant. And it did. A security from a sensor perspective, what do you think is the solution to that? Because it's like you're trying to be aware of process issues and you have to use other sensors. How do you use sensors to protect your sensors? This is the only way I know. I'm going back to what I did years ago. Well, you need monitoring to detect what's going on. I'm working with one or two small companies that are actually looking at this. And they've actually done some really neat, interesting work. And that's why I'm saying we have a shot at the holy grail of being able to correlate the actual process to the malware. And without that, it's not possible. Yeah, don't forget, where is Pi getting its data? That's what I was trying to explain. This is the official catch 22. Everything you're doing starts at the sensor. If you compromise the sensor, everything you look at downstream, I just had this discussion with somebody about, well, hey, I've redundancy because I have this historian. Yeah, but where did the historian data come from? That's what I heard. Because I got in yesterday and I didn't have a chance. Yes, yes, absolutely. And that's why I wanted to put this back up, because you came in late. But this is where we are. And by the way, the serial D ethernet converters were how the Russians put malware into our US grids in October 2014 and is still there. It's how the Russians put the malware into the Ukraine. I will say the attackers. There you go. You weren't telling you're right. It's how the attackers implement it. And I apologize. You're right. And I have to go too. Yes. And the Arco's units and one of my men who was out in the facility was climbing up and he tripped. Hit his foot, hit the sensor, and it sent the entire station into flair. Yes. All the processing went straight up and the whole ground started shaking while there was an earthquake. And because we knew what had happened, we were able to tell the control center when they were able to shut it down that they would have had to troubleshoot that thing for hours to try to figure out what was going on. And that's for what it's worth. The city of San Francisco was brought to its knees April 21st by one relay and one substation. That should have never, ever, ever, ever happened. Yeah, I just want to go to that console.