I've got white bread, the stuff you get in the supermarket, the stuff you get in your bun, in McDonald's and so on, it's just rubbish really. Super high in energy, very high in energy, now maybe not a problem if you're looking to gain weight super active, but along with that energy you're not getting any sort of nutrition whatsoever, there's just nothing good in there and you're getting loads and loads of toxins, not only you got toxins from the wheat but you're buying cheap bread, probably full of all sorts of additives, preservatives, who knows what and you can't see on the bottom of the graph but I don't think it really tastes that good either, it's about making a risk assessment, it's not an optimum food, you don't have to eat the best foods all the time necessarily but can you make another choice, we've got here sourdough bread, tastes much much better than cheap, nasty bread, because of the preparation process it's got much lower toxins in there because these have been broken down by the long fermentation process, got a decent low from a proper bakery, it's got more sort of realish ingredients in there and there's more nutrient density because of the again more traditional techniques that have been developed to release more nutrition from the food, so if you're going to eat something you know between these two choices you're going to eat the one that doesn't taste as good, it's got more toxins in it and you know less nutrition, are you going to eat the one that tastes better, it still might not be the best food, it's not as good as eating a steak but you're going to get some nutrition in there and it's not going to be quite as bad for you, similar you know nothing wrong with having a sweet treat now and again but choice between eating something like a donut which is just white flour, sugar, vegetable oils, deep fried, horrendous for you, like really horrendous health wise, you know how good does it taste, maybe it tastes good, maybe it doesn't, an alternative eat homemade cake that's made with you know free range organic eggs, grass-fed butter, you know maybe we've got some nuts in there, some chocolate, some actual real food, you might actually get a little bit of nutrition from there and it probably tastes better as well, so my point is really it's not to tell you what to eat what not to eat but it's just to have a little bit of a think about what it is you're eating, what is in there and what effects is it going to have on your body and if you are just eating something you know is there another option that you know might fulfill the same pleasure sort of reward thing it might taste as good but might be slightly more nutritious or less harmful to you basically, yeah because there is no perfect diet basically, there's many different factors that can affect what affects the food is going to have on your body, one of the goals mentioned this before you know if your goal is fat loss then you're probably not going to want to eat rice and potatoes because you get loads of calories, very little nutrition but equally if you're super active on a pot and some muscle maybe you want to eat those foods because they're cheap they're convenient, there's nothing really toxic in there, providing you're eating some you know animal foods with them you're going to get that necessary essential nutrition, genetics again this plays you know a big part touched on this before, some people are super super sensitive to gluten for example if you eat bread and it makes you feel like crap obviously don't eat bread it's ridiculous and said that if you've got pretty robust genetics having a class on once in a while something isn't going to do you any harm, your health again if you're in really bad health then you're going to want to keep your diet as clean as possible try and nourish yourself try and you know repair your body or if you are in perfect health good health again you can get away with a little bit more flexibility with your diet, tastes important as well you know on that tell before I had a few different examples I had grass-fed beef steak as a good example of a nutrient dense food if you really don't like beef steak and eat fish instead you know there's always different choices you can make based on your own personal preferences lifestyle again you know people can become too focused and too obsessed on diet and just let it ruin the lives basically you know because I'm not going to that restaurant because I don't want to eat that and you end up missing out on you know social situations which can have a lot of positive impacts on your life so just being able to be a bit more flexible but then when you are out places just make more informed decisions budget again you know maybe you can't afford to eat grass-fed beef steak every single day you know you've got to make some compromises somewhere so you know using that sort of judgment just to find a diet that fits your monetary budget as well and then availability sometimes you're going to make do with what you can get you know if you're out and about you might be able to get a grass-fed beef steak so you might have to go for something else instead so just thinking about what foods you eat and why you eat them that's the important thing so just moving on slightly now I've banged on about grass-fed beef steak quite a lot and that's because equally important as what you eat is what you eat eats just as I've mentioned there that the food that you eat is taken apart and put together as you so the food that the food you eat eats confusing myself now also does the same so the diet of the animals that you eat or the way the crops are produced that you eat has a massive impact on the quality of the food itself and so we've got benefits of pastured meat and wild fish basically pastured meat is free-range meat that is allowed to grow out in Rome and eat its natural diet so cow should eat grass sheep should eat grass chickens and pigs should be able to forage and scratch for whatever is they want you know eat an omnivorous diet unfortunately a lot of industrially produced meat is just force-fed grains to fatten them up quickly and if that happens it has lots of negative effects the meat ends up uh I've made a typing error there lowering omega three fats that should say so less of the essential fatty acids oh no I'm confusing myself yeah this is the benefits of the grass-fed beef so the benefits of the grass-fed beef is it is lowering omega six fats the fats that are just prevalent in all the processed foods nowadays and just really bad news for your health much higher in micronutrients because they're eating the natural diet you know lush green grass that's what gets converted into all the vitamins and minerals higher in protein because there's a you know the most of the meat you get is from like obese sickly cows just not good much lower risk of food poisoning from them just from better animal husbandry practices the cows you get from these industrial farms is just uh the conditions are so bad they're chronically infected with uh diseases and they have to use just routine antibiotics which then grows antibiotic recent strains of bacteria it's just seriously bad news and not nice at all uh taste better you know going back to this thing taste is important it's important to eat food that tastes good and well reared animals just taste so much better animal welfare better for the animals happy meat you know karmic justice and all that it's also better for the environment much less use of pesticides and fossil fuels and so on and better for your local economy as well if you buy it local just get money back in there support your local businesses


Hey guys, what is up? Welcome to my channel for today's video. I am bringing you my favorite alternatives for some Becca favorites. So if you want to see what those are, then just keep watching. Hi guys, if you're new here, my name is Morgan. I am a product knowledge enthusiast. I just love knowing anything and everything about all of the new makeup on the market and sharing my thoughts with you guys. And really sad news happened last week in the beauty community. If you're at all invested in the makeup market, like I am and just the industry in general, Becca Cosmetics has announced that they were going to be closing their doors in September and I wasn't shocked, I guess. I didn't think it would happen, but I wasn't shocked. I now looking back, I can see that they were headed in that direction. The releases have not been very interesting at all and you don't hear as much about Becca anymore. And I think where it started from was their lack of releases and lack of good releases and collaborations like they used to do. They definitely slowed down. So I would equate that to COVID, but I guess there was things behind the scene going on that we didn't know. It's just, it's very weird, very weird because while, you know, they weren't on the forefront of the makeup market, them being owned by Estee Lauder who has bajillions of money. I just didn't think that that would happen and they released that Becca Zero pigment and I feel like that was kind of their last ditch effort to kind of bring their brand back. They wanted to do something that was going to get their name back out there regardless of the reviews and it didn't work. So very sad kind of looking back at Becca's line and Becca's products. They definitely have some staples that are still being used today, still on the best sellers list, but I guess they just couldn't keep up. So for today's video, I'm going to be sharing with you my alternatives to some of Becca products that I've tried or maybe some of your favorites. There's some things like the bronzer, foundation, concealer. I've never tried those so I can't give you alternatives to those and this is not a dupes video. Looking through my collection, I honestly feel like Becca has some unique formulas that I personally don't consider dupes, but these are products that I feel like if you like this product from Becca, you will like this product. They're similar. They have a similar finish. They have a similar kind of description of what they are supposed to do. Now, if you are interested in picking up some of your Becca staples and stocking up, I'm going to put a coupon code that I found below for the Becca website.  The link will be affiliated, but the code is not affiliated. I just randomly found it. Yeah, and I don't think you need to be stocking up right now unless your tried and true favorite is still available because I do think they're not going to restock things. So if there is things that you really want and you need to have, get them now, but if you wait a little bit closer to September, I think bigger sales will happen, but there are some items that I'm going to talk about today that I personally find to be irreplaceable and I would suggest stocking up on, but we'll get into that. I've talked enough, let's go. So the first product that I want to talk about is the Backlight Priming Filter. This was the most popular face primer for quite some time a few years ago and it is a beautiful glowy primer. It is slightly hydrating and it has almost a shimmery finish. You can see very, very small sparkly particles, nothing on flattering and nothing that I think you will dislike, but that's just what I noticed compared to the alternative that I'm bringing to you guys, which is the MAC Strobe Cream. Now in my demo, these do look different because this is more pinky, they're just not the same colors. MAC has different colors that are going to be more close to the Backlight Priming Filter, this particular color, but these are both hydrating, shiny bases and they don't look very different on the skin and they feel about the same as well. I would say looking into differences, the MAC maybe is a bit more metallic whereas this one has a little bit more sparkles, but they look the same underneath makeup. They feel the same in my opinion, so I think if you like the Becca Priming Filter, look into the MAC Strobe Cream. Another alternative that I have if you like the Becca Priming Filters of different colors is to look into the Vesca Beauty Soft Sun Radiant Skin Primer. So these aren't as glowy, they're a little bit more subtle. So maybe if you like that little bit more subtleness, you'll like these and I love these for their color selection. They have a lavender shade that I really love. They have a pinky shade and a golden shade and these really do naturally light up the face, keeping it really natural. So again, if you like those Becca Dewey Primers, I really do think you'll like this. Another face primer that I want to give you an alternative for is their Skin Elixir. Well, I personally do not own it. It's been on my wish list for quite some time and I've swatched it, felt it, tested it enough to know. So the Skin Elixir is a really great moisturizing, almost seramy feeling product. It smells like cantaloupe, it's quite wonderful and I think if you like that, then you will really like the Fourth Ray Face Milks. They're really great. Now I don't have like a cantaloupe face milk or anything, but Fourth Ray has all the different kinds of flavors and scents and these are very similar. They remind me of each other. I do find the Beccats be a bit more hydrating, but it's that similar kind of moisturizing, a seramy feel that is really nice and this is a great cheaper alternative as well. So I just wanted to throw that out there. These next alternatives are ones that I know you guys already probably know, but I did want to share it anyway. So one of Becca's number one best-selling products is the Becca Under Eye Brightening Corrector and this formula, honestly, I find to be very unique because most under eye correctors aren't this consistency. It's almost more shiny and a little bit more sticky. Honestly, I'm really not a fan of that. I do think this under eye corrector is very nice, but I personally prefer the Charlotte Tilbury under eye corrector. Here's what it looks like. Now, this one has a very different consistency and finish and you'll see in my demo, it's definitely more matte compared to the shiny Becca and you can see underneath the concealer. You really can't tell much of a difference. Maybe there's a bit more shininess under the eye with the Becca, but I think they both work very similar. I personally prefer the Charlotte Tilbury. They both work great underneath concealer. They don't get extra creasy. So maybe give the Charlotte Tilbury a try. I know I've gotten comments where you guys have told me you still prefer the Becca, so I'm not saying this is a better alternative, but I personally like it and they work the same. Let's move on to a blush. I think Becca has a beautiful blush formula. They are very pigmented, so you need to use a light hand, but they blend beautifully. And in particular, these are actually already sold out on her website, but I love the luminous blushes. I only have one shade in a single pan and this is the shade Camellia and I have it on this cheek right here. It is a beautiful blush. So if you like their luminous blushes, I think you're really going to like the Natasha Denona highlighting blush. She has other formulas that are very similar. So Natasha Denona's are also quite pigmented, very easy to blend and they have that beautiful sheen. Now this shade in Bloom in particular is a bit more reflective compared to the Becca.  I also think you would like the Ofra blush duo. So the ones that have the shimmer. Now this is one where I don't think the formulas are very comparable, but I just think if you like that Becca super pigmented formula that you will also like the Ofra. So maybe look into Ofra as well. Let's talk about Becca's highlighters. For a while, Becca was the go-to brand for highlighters. I think as time has gone on, there's just been a lot of great highlighting formulas coming out from other brands and Becca couldn't just rely on their highlighters anymore. And that could have also been a reason for there just dropping down in popularity and sales. You know, I have as far as similar, I have a champagne pop split. Remember the collaboration with Jacqueline Hill. I also have the one that I'm wearing right now, which is Perseco pop, which is a little bit more golden. Now the Becca formula is thick. It's pigmented, but it still spreads beautifully into the skin. I really think if you like the Becca highlighters, you will love the persona highlighters. These are very, very similar and that they're so pigmented. They're a loosely packed kind of formula. They're very, very reflective and they blend into the skin beautifully. So I have the shade Zuma and I love these persona highlighters. I honestly think I like them more than the Becca. So this is an alternative for Becca's highlighters that you can get and I like them a little bit better. A couple other options. If you love the shiny reflectiveness of the Becca highlighters, look into Jouer highlighters. These are the most reflective. They aren't as creamy or as that like loosely packed texture that the Becca has. These are a bit more slick, but they're gonna give you the shine if that's what you like about the Becca highlighters. And then also a drugstore alternative that I think would be really nice are the Milani highlighters, particularly this trio because it has that thick formula that you get a lot of color and payoff on the cheek from and it's very shiny. Now these don't last as long as the Becca. They aren't as good as the Becca, but they have a similar formula that I think you will like if you like the Becca highlighters. One thing that I find completely irreplaceable from Becca are their face palettes. I've been a collector of their face palettes for years. For a while, Becca was a staple brand that I would review on my channel before I got bored. I have everything from the Jacqueline Hill palette still. Let me show you. These are no longer sold for sure. This Be a Light palette, which is more of like a baked kind of formula. Chrissy Teaghan's palette, which I really loved and you'll see Becca has the most gorgeous elegance packaging. It looks expensive and their formulas were just stunning. And unfortunately, while I wish I could give you an alternative, to Becca palettes, I really find them to be irreplaceable. A palette that is currently available on the Becca website that is on sale, so I do recommend it, is the Becca Chloe and Malika collaboration palette. Now, this palette isn't perfect. They do have a review if you want more details on it, but it really is that glowy Becca kind of look. And I do really love this palette. I use the bronzer today and it just gives you that overall glowy, ethereal look. Becca gives you pigment while also giving you glow and that is what I think is unique about their palettes. Thinking about hourglass, hourglass is just more subtle. It doesn't compare to Becca.  So that is something that's really unique. Something though that I did pull out today was this Pixie by Petra Nuance Quartet Sugar Blossom palette because it is an overall very pretty glowy palette. And I did use the bronzer on this side of my face whereas I use the Chloe bronzer. And I think you can get a very similar effect on the face with this Pixie palette. Doesn't compare to Becca. Not really, but if you like the overall glowy look that the Becca palettes give you, this is something that you could look into. But seriously, if you can get a good Becca palette before they go out, I really do feel that Becca has unique palettes. I almost forgot to show you actually, if you like the luminous blush kind of look, look into the Beauty Bakery Cotton Candy Champagne palette. This is the perfect blend between a highlighter and a blush. So again, if you like that glowy, luminous blush formula from Becca, you will love this seriously. So sorry, I forgot to mention that, but yes, as far as the face palettes go and the glowy blush goes from Becca, this is a great palette to get. That reminds me a lot of Becca. All right, we are going to move on to lips. So these aren't very popular from Becca, but I do like their lip pencil formula. I'm using the shade Blissful. And if you want to pick these up, I think they're very nice. They have a smudger on the back and they're creamy, creamy formula. Now, I don't think this is a formula that you need to stock up on. I prefer a lot of other lip liners to these, but you guys are going to be like really Morgan. But an alternative that I wanted to share for this video was the Chanel lip liners because of the little brush at the end. I don't know. If you have a better alternative for their lip liners, can you let me know? Because I literally don't have anything, but my Chanel lip liner reminded me of that because it has, you know, the pencil liner on one side and then you can smudge it out. So if you know of another lip liner with similar packaging, please put it in the comments down below because I failed you guys on that one. We're going to move on to another product that personally, I find irreplaceable and I really do feel like if you are interested and love this formula, I would stock up on the Becca lipsticks and honestly, I wouldn't be too sad about Becca closing if it weren't for their lipsticks. These are in the high end category, my all-time favorite lipsticks. They're made in Canada and they're so creamy, so shiny, so easy to apply, so moisturizing on the lips. They literally are one of my favorite lipsticks. Now, the shade I would recommend for you to pick up the most is sugar. This is the color that I'm wearing on my lips. It's the perfect neutral cool toned lip, but it works great with warm toned looks, cool toned looks, amazing. Also, I'm not sure if you can get this. This is from the Chloe and Malika collection, but if you can, the shade Hot to Molly's a gorgeous, gorgeous red. Anyways, there's not a formula in my opinion that compares to the Becca lipsticks, but I did want to give you alternative. So if you like the Becca lipsticks, you will also like these formulas. You will love the Natasha Denona lipsticks for how smooth and creamy they are, and you will love the Charlotte Tilbury kissing formula lipsticks because the kissing formula from Charlotte Tilbury is shiny. It's easy to apply and I find that Charlotte Tilbury has a very similar color range to Becca and that the colors are just so wearable and neutral. You will love Natasha Denona and Charlotte Tilbury lipsticks, but again, in my opinion, there is no dupe. There isn't a formula that I love quite as much as Becca. So in my opinion, Becca is truly a hard formula to dupe. I couldn't find anything in my collection. The final product that I wanted to share an alternative for were the Liquid Crystal Liptopper Glow Gloss. It's in when these first came out a few years ago. I was obsessed with these. They are a gorgeous glitter gloss and the glitters in these gloss stand out more than most glosses. So the alternative that I wanted to share with you were Mac Dazzle Glosses. These are also another formula where the glitters really stand out. Now the Dazzle Gloss formula is a bit more thick and sticky than the Becca. I do like the Becca formula more, but this isn't a formula that I feel like you need to run out and stock up on. I think the Mac Dazzle Glosses colors are better, honestly, and they give that similar glittery kind of lip gloss effect. So that's a good alternative if you do enjoy the Becca Crystal Lip Glosses. Alright, you guys, there we have it. Those are all of my alternatives for your favorite Becca products. Now, if you know of any alternatives or dupes for other Becca products, let's help each other out. Please put them in the comments down below. I'm not a dupe channel. I'm not good at finding dupes. I think as we near closer to September, I'm going to start keeping my eyes open of products that I think are good enough to replace your Becca products. But for now, I just wanted to share these with you and I wanted us to get the conversation open. Why do you think Becca's closed? And also, what products do you think are dupes for their products? Thank you guys so much for watching this video. I hope you guys enjoyed it. If you aren't subscribed to my channel already, I would love it if you would consider taking the time to do so. And I will see you all in the next one. Bye, guys. Have a good one.


Hello everyone, welcome back to another session in dentistry and more today's topic in conservative industry is air abrasion So air abrasion is a concept of cavity preparation, which involves a minimal tooth removal That is minimally invasive dentistry so the old pattern is Basically for amalgam where it requires a large amount of Tooth removal for the restoration, but this requires a very minimal amount so that the tooth hasn't Got a big damage to receive a restoration So the prognosis will be good and the tooth and the restoration will sustain for a longer period without any Disadvantages of the cavity preparation. So let's see what is exactly air abrasion. Okay So air abrasion Is a great dental advancement over the dental drill Acid allows precise removal of decay teeth without the use of local anesthetic So we don't use local anesthetic all the time, but still Air abrasion doesn't require any local anesthetic solution injection or a conventional drill So It was first introduced by or the concept was first put forward by Dr. J Tim Reine in USA Okay so it was In 1950s, but this technology is introduced To the dentistry in very later period around 1990s, but still it was there The idea was there from 1950s. So Air abrasion So what exactly is air abrasion it uses two component one is Compressed air So it propels Aluminium oxide particle. So this is the Key element So aluminum oxide particles will be Projector to the cavity or where we need a preparation True compressed air and does the job So usually we do cavity preparation by using a air rotor or micro motor So the burst does the job. It is cutting. So it is very invasive procedure But this is like compressed air and aluminum oxide particles So it will be Projected with such a force to be able to cut the two structure in a simple terms Because it is a precision Sand blaster. Okay. So precision sand blaster So this air abrasion system. So this is the Air and this is what abrasive so we have Learned abrasives abrasion we learned the tooth abrasion and the mechanical abrasion and the abrasive particles So Something which erodes tooth is known as abrasive. Okay, so here the aluminum oxide through Compressed air with such heavy force doing the job but In spite of showing this very promising result the concept did not gain popularity Due to mainly three factors the first one was It was not able to prepare cavities with well-defined walls and margins so if this is the tooth and And We are going to prepare a cavity Like this This Okay, that is not possible with the air abrasion because very precise cavity walls Not obtained by this air abrasion because creation of walls and Well-defined margins are not possible So that was the first thing which was not first reason which was not Very popular among dentists secondly The introduction of the air turbine handpiece in the late 1950s made Conventional cavity preparations less time-consuming So all these aerotour Micromotor all these are introduced into Dentistry so it makes the cavity preparation so easy So it was not much accepted because the normal cavity itself can be done in a very short period and Thirdly as high velocity suction have not been developed evacuation of the powder was difficult So that time when it was introduced there was no high volume section or high velocity section So the evacuation of this powder Was difficult at that time. So it was not much popular So what are the principles of air abrasion? the first one accurate diagnosis of unsound tooth structure and decay then accurate removal of unsound tooth structure with minimal destruction of sound tooth structure then Restorative treatment planning based on the probability of longevity of the restorative material So these are the principles So the basic concept of air abrasion device has remained the same it has experienced a rebirth not due to changes in the device itself, but due to the improvements in bonding the restorative materials isolation and high volume suction So the basic technique was the same when it was introduced in 1915 that time dentistry did not have bonded Restorative material direct bonding restorative material or high velocity suction apparatus so Once the dentistry is equipped with all these the same technology came to 2000 or 1990s as air abrasion because the technology was same aluminum oxide through a compressed air but only the equipments were present during the newer times so that The dentistry can afford air abrasion So that is a concept of air abrasion so The compressed air and aluminum oxide particles does the cavity cutting So the basic principle of air abrasion is based on a formula that is Kinetic energy that is E is equal to half M V square so M is the mass and V is the velocity Okay, so the cutting capability of air abrasive is attributable to the energy of mass in motion Unlike conventional mechanical methods that depends on Friction so the energy depends on the mass in motion so The aluminum particle at a very high velocity increases the energy that is a concept So when the rapidly moving mass strikes its target most of its energy is transferred to that material So if that material is hard the result is removal of small amount of material So that is the concept of air abrasion so That is why the modality is sometimes referred to as kinetic cavity preparation K V P kinetic cavity preparation So air abrasion can be best described as a pseudo mechanical So it can be best described as pseudo mechanical non-rotary method Rotary method of cutting and removing dental heart issues. It is not a mechanical but it is pseudo mechanical and non-rotary method So the terms micro air abrasion and kinetic cavity preparation have been used synonymously to describe air abrasion so sometimes the question might come as micro air abrasion So the studies have shown that the bonding of enamel and dentine surfaces prepared with air abrasion is much better than that with the conventional carbide burst or acid etching so That is the advantage of this air abrasion the bonding of enamel and dentine is a Largely improved compared to the conventional one which was done by acid etching or the carbide burst So with the introduction of flowable and nano filled composites the air abrasion Technique has got lots of Value and dentistry because it requires very minimal amount of tooth removal and we have the nano filled materials and flowable materials with proper bonding unlike So unlike the old conventional amalgam Okay, so another major concern regarding the powder particle has also been due to the use of Isolation in the form of rubber dam and high volume evacuation devices So the number of parameters we need to think about when going for air abrasion That is amount of air pressure particle size Quantity of particles passing through the nozzle nozzle diameter of the handpiece Angulation of the nozzle of the handpiece distance from the object time of exposure to the object and depth of penetration So the procedure is first we take preoperative radiograph to determine if Interproximal carries is present then isolate with rubber dam then use carries detecting dye to know the curious lesion exactly because we are going for a very minimal Tooth removal then using a abrasive unit with high volume evacuation placed in the proximity of the tooth Prepare cavity then after a few seconds the initial preparation Examine the preparation for decay reapply the carries detecting dye Complete the preparation using the carries detecting dye until all carries is removed Then apply the itching for 20 seconds with water spray Disinfect the cavity preparation with chloroxidine so within 10 seconds apply the dentin bonding agent Then place the composite polymerize it then we can use any burst for initial shaping And the final finishing protocols So that is all about air abrasion. Okay, so the main advantages are it is painless Local anesthesia is very rarely needed It works quickly and the tooth with a small lesion is ready to restore in seconds it work quietly without the Wine of all two familiar dental handpiece There is no vibration or pressure There is no production of heat to damage the dental pulp and lesser sound to structure is removed So it can be used basically in class 1 class 2 3 4 5 cavity preparation sealants and preventive resin restorations Repair of composites and porcelain especially the margin of veneze removal of composite and amalgam So all these cases we can use this air abrasion technique So that is all about Air abrasion and the pressure regarding the pressure the pressure how much pressure they use generally is 40 to 160 And the recommended levels are 100 to 100 for cutting and 84 etching So the particle size common particle size is 27 to 50 micrometer That is aluminum particle size So higher particle flow rate will allow more particles to abrade the working surface faster. So it depends on the I mean The aberration depends on the particle size So that is all about air abrasion. It is commonly asked shop not so you can write about the basic procedures and The other final details of air abrasion. Hope you understood the small concept of air abrasion so air abrasion In a take-away pond it is nothing but the aluminum particles are Projected at very high velocity from a compressed air unit So I'll come up with a new and top again conservative industry. Thank you


Welcome to today's day trading recap. Today is Monday, December 7th. Hope everybody had a good weekend Starting the week off slightly in the red minus forty four dollars for the day Not the way I like to start a week, but that's okay. I had a lot a lot going on this morning Trying to roll out our new day trading live stream platform in discord We'll got had a little couple technical issues couple people weren't able to get in but we'll make that right We are working on it as we speak. So I should be all good to go here. Just Bear with us a little bit and thank you for your patience. It's gonna be a great asset for everybody Okay, let's jump in so mighty 90 for the week for the day minus two thirty two We had five trades four of which were winners nice winner in uber for twenty seven Small winner netflix for seventy five the big loser that got us in the red Facebook minus eight ninety Boba 120 and basically a little scratch positive thirty six bucks in apple no pairs trades today In the runners we did four trades Two and two two winners two losers for plus one eighty eight So had a loser in uber minus four hundred had a nice winner in tesla for plus eight seventy Nvidia minus three forty and a small winner in facebook for fifty eight So let us check these out. Let's start with the mighty nineties and start with uber. So Let's check out uba Let me compress this down so you can see it a little bit better And so we had this big flush down and uber right out of the gate We got long right in this area here and caught a really nice bounce and closed out up at this pivot So got a really nice bounce there and while we're here. I'll talk about the runner So after it pushed all the way back up and started consolidating near the highs above this pivot We got long looking for a continuation higher ubers right under its all-time highs So it's really confident in this one. I was really thinking it was going to work out It did not it flushed us out. And so we just closed out and took a loss on that On that on that runner netflix Let's take a look at netflix got a little mighty 90 winner is just on this push up here We got short near this pivot and got a little pull back there for a small winner in netflix Facebook this was the beast From the east that got us in the red today So, uh, I I actually traded this thing fairly well I mean, I stayed really small and then I just added to it One time but ended up taking a a decent loss just I mean this thing just was on a monster run So took off we got short right here It just gave us a tiny little pullback not enough to take any profits out before it ripped higher again We added to this and it finally rolled over and we just got out right here Uh, which was a good exit because it started to drift lower and then later in the day We did end up taking a runner. We we got in a little bit, right? I think it was right in here somewhere got in and then we added On one of these little down moves. Anyway caught a little bit of a bounce up ended up taking a small profit Out of that runner. What was it? 58 bucks so not much. I mean this thing just I mean it had that big initial push up and then it just grinded lower for the most part Besides that little bounce that we caught all day long so Facebook got us today. Facebook just got us Let's see Nvidia Was a was our only losing mighty 90 trade. Oh wait. No, I'm sorry.  We waited till it came back down to the pivot We got in at a great entry right down here at the pivot Pushed up got out of half our position for over 10 profit and then it just kind of bounced around for a while held the rest When it pushed back up to the pivot got out of Another quarter and then it pushed higher again and we got out of the rest now Great trade plus 870 right well Look what it did after that it just kept going up been up been up been up So we missed a good chunk of this upside, but can't complain plus 870 on that I mentioned invidia minus 340 and then facebook So those are all the trades. I hope that has helpful to you all We'll be streaming every day this week. So look forward to seeing you in the live stream room in our new discord Everybody. Have a good night. Talk to you soon


Hello, welcome to toffee TV. It is the player ratings for not in forest to Everton to a disappointing draw At the city ground Yeah Very disappointing not to get three points today But if you don't try and get three points then you're probably not gonna get three points Anyway, I've done all that in doing some attraction check that out after this If you want to know what the game John Pickford Didn't have loads to do well Me that's a make a couple of good saves certainly obviously saved one for their first one pushed it out Which Brendan Johnson put in second one didn't really have much of a chance Thought he thought he was Thought he was decent to us. It's catching spot on in the crowd. The penalty boxers at times punch him a spot on It's kicking was a bit iffy at times And Yeah, did all right, I still think he could probably do better when he pushes out and I don't mess necessarily mean the goal I mean There's one in the second half Well, I'd actually like to see him push it out for a cold for a corner rather than push it out back into Into traffic if he could but I don't really think that's a a case for the goal Not that I don't well some people will some people will You can always do better, but There you go. I've given six and a half Sheamus Coleman. Yeah, it was fine Did okay considering the manager said he's been carrying a knee injury and I know Nathan Patterson play for the other 20 ones today So he's been involved in a couple of games in the last 48 hours or whatever. So that's good We go to have him back just to get that bit more energy Sheamus never really let you down It's one of them isn't he had to know what I think he should have had a penalty Showing dice thinks he should have had a penalty. So he's still got the energy still getting to the box I've given a six because obviously He can't do everything can he can't do everything.  I thought Stanley there was one early on ahead of that. He had no need to put it out for a corner and so But I thought I thought he grew into the game and I thought He did what he always does which is just put himself about a bit He's an athlete more than an actual football player. I'm convinced of that You know, he's fast and he's strong and I thought he improved with the game. I still think listen As I said, I think he's more of an athlete than he is a footballer and that's very true of a lot of players these days and and I thought he grew I thought he grew into the game because I think Yes, and this this is allowed to broke his leg in the first game of the season and has played what a couple of times since Manchester City Away and you know, he's had very limited opportunities Since Since the break anyway, so I think I think he got better. He's not he's not an ideal replacement I mean, what does it say about Van Agri if he's playing left-back and you know Van Agri's on the bench again He was supposed to be a backup left-back, but I thought I thought he got better as the game went on He doesn't really give you very much going forward, which is obviously a massive problem Yeah, I've given my six And It was fine Don't use fine dealt with Chris would quite well always in the mix when there's Something going off his book was pathetic He does not touch the lad that lad it was it was dive around all day And I was gonna call on something begin with S and end them with house then, but I won't And His book was nonsense his book was absolutely nonsense But I thought he's fine. I've given a six and a half Michael Keane.  I mean, it's not on the side if kind of Cody isn't in there Very meaner is our best defender said this and if you're putting up unless he's decided Michael Keane's gonna come in for other games then all right, whatever But Yet he mean on a game-by-game basis for me Is bet is our best centre back never mind the best out the rest these are best centre back We just know we can't he just can't stay fit when he plays well, it's sitting on the bench and I Would put him in the team simple ahead my any day ahead of Michael Keane Michael Keane to me is Not a good player has never been a good player and has had moments where he has been Is stood out and being okay and gone in like the England squad and stuff and Michael Keane is definitely not long-term. No, sorry. Sorry Michael Keane is not long-term So listen Yeah, I think if you want to win games of football you play your best players And yet he means much better than Michael Keane I think the first day face goal he gets dragged out of position the big hole Then it's behind and they play a nice one two into that hole take the shot and ends up being a goal Second goal.  I thought he was a good player by the way I Honestly don't understand why still at the football, but he is he is at the football club and the manager's playing But I thought he was poor for both goals. I've given my five I just don't think he should be in the football team, but listen the manager knows him Good gate. Good for you Into the midfield a dresser Ghana gay I thought he was our man of the mat today by a country mile. He is He had so much energy in the midfield. He was nicking the ball. He was I think he won 13 of his 10 ground duels I Think he was heading shoulders The best player on the pitch today, I know Brendan Johnson scored the two goals He got mad at the math bar bar bar, but I think Ghana was the man of the man of the match If you really look at the game properly, he he was the best player in in in the midfield and as I said he Nicks the ball.  He loves playing higher up the pitch I've always said this about them or couldn't play higher up the pitch But when we see that with Senegal in the summer Sorry in the winter and in the world cup funny enough Listen, he has his moments. We know he has his moments. He has these moments of Like he did against Arsenal. We know he does what he's still a very very good player And it's why he plays week in week out You've got a poor players around them who won't maybe understand the situation better, but that's that's just one of those things Isn't he's got a lot of football intelligence. I know he does stupid things But he has got a lot of football intelligence So I think he was our man of the match today by he quite easily and so I've given a a seven point 75 Put that in you in your stats And I just told you yeah, I thought it was miles miles better than anyone else.  Yeah, there's half as many touches as A just a guy on a gate and the core they did Which is for the sentiment field there to have half as many touches as the two plays playing round. Yeah, it's woeful basically is woeful and So I don't know what's been up with them the last couple of games. He's just looked he's just looked completely off it I don't know. Maybe it's this names names. He's been carrying or whatever But he was poor today just wasn't in the game and I understand this physical presence Yeah, that's why he stays on the pitch because there's physical presence, but Poor today poor today, so I've given my five the core I Throw faced off but it was real done really really well for us was driving us forward got the goal and And then make some mistake like he did for the goal and I know people go how there's still loads to do It's where you lose the ball. You can't lose the ball there. You can't lose the ball in the old transition area and Just can't the minute you lose that ball and we've already committed Basically the entire of our midfield going forward. You're in massive trouble. You're in massive trouble and He loses it where he loses it they break and the next money the balls in the back of the net So They asked this and I I'll give still give him a seven because he got as a goal and and I thought he played well in the first half But you can't you can't just can't do that with the players we have You just can't because we it's it's how many times we can see the goals now because of that how many times if we can see that by Well losing the ball in transition, it's more than anyone else in the Premier League We just have this terrible habit of just giving the opposition the ball in this core basically when we're trying to break and If the core is a little bit more careful there with this pass Then We break and they don't score but you give opportunities to many team and in the Premier League that's what can happen except for us, of course where it never happens Alex a woby Yeah, we had a couple of decent late runs towards the end to get us up the pitch Again He's stuck out wide to maybe isn't creating stuff maybe in a little Maybe in a little bit more of a flexible team He comes in a little bit or comes off the wings, but he did now it again today. I'm and But not quite enough for me. So I've given 6.75 There you go. And wasn't terrible did some good things but Played again around such like the fringes of the game and The marigre The marigre. Sorry. Let me do to make me feel first. Do I make me ill? Put a shift in today. I think there's been a definite improvements on his levels Since he came in since Dice came in I think his levels of work rate have gone up massively and that might just be because he's playing Every game he's played all six games as me And So his work rates gone is gone well higher shown Dice knows maybe how to get more out of him by just You know sticking him on the left, but then he's getting more confidence and he's growing He's working really hard and you can see that can't take that away from There's still again not a lot of end product He did have one shot today that to keep it tipped over fairly much like he had one shot on against Arsenal to keep it saved Still not a hell of a lot of end product, but he is working hard that I'll give him that Which obviously is the is the bear minute So I've given a seven. Yeah The levels of commitment from him are much much much higher since since Dice coming so Dice is obviously unlocked something within him but he's still not he's still not Still creating still not scoring and he's not he's never he'll never be that kind of player for me But clearly clearly shown Dice knows how to use him better. Maybe we've got a normal car balloon in the team then maybe we would Maybe we'd get those though. It's not his fault. By the way assists on a real thing by the way because it's not a real stat You can't have a stat that that someone else has to complete for you. That just doesn't that just doesn't work But um, you know They'll be I think if he has a domino car balloon the team then he'll create more chances for a domino car balloon So he's got it's got better. He's got better. I'll give him that still don't think he was a good sign because ultimately He doesn't score goals and he doesn't he doesn't really have many assists. So It's still not a good sign. But When you've got these players you want them to improve and I think he has he hasn't proved he hasn't proved a little bit The Marie Grey obviously Played play from the start today up front different different challenge in fact, he probably should have started on Wednesday because The way we played on Wednesday would have suited them a lot more maybe than today They did or you know, certainly would have suited of him more than it was suited Mopai on Wednesday So He did he did all he did all right wasn't brilliant obviously got his goal and He got his goal obviously a penalty very good penalty Didn't really do too much did a little bit did did a little bit of running but not loads. He massively frustrates me how he How he slows the game down when he's got the ball in front of him and he's got all that pace But what I would say is and thank you to Lila for reminding me He should have made the 3-1 at half-time just before our time That's a big chance for me. That's like the chance at Brentford early on the season the Brentford one was a little bit more Was a bit, you know one-on-one which he should have scored to win as that game. Well that's a day you just smashed up into the opposite corner and We score and we go 3-1 up and we're winning that game and they had a big moments in games I had either the big moments so He disappointed me from that and he disappointed me from the way slow I just I'll never understand how plays with pace slow down slow slow the game down. I'll never understand it I get this thing of I Get this thing of like slowing the game down so you can speed it up But when you've only got grass ahead of you why do you need to slow it down? I'll never under I just wish I Used to if I when I play football I didn't have pace But it is grass in front of me. I'm running into it. I'm not slowing the game down to To allow the opposition a chance. I don't get that just grass in front of you and you've got pace You're running to the grass you run into the space and then you'll have room to I'll never understand that. I'll never get that never ever get that personally and So yeah, I've given my six My That might be being generous, but playing on up front on your own is difficult Sub so I'm not giving them anything doing on the pitch long enough and So there you go, but I'm disappointed by that. I'm not angry. I'm disappointed I'm just disappointed that we never won the game because I think at our time It was there to be one and we just didn't go for it second half And There you go There you go. Just Just to someone in the comments that assists aren't that they're just not real stats ask people who actually work in the industry Assist on real stats Because you can't control If someone scores its chances created now, that's the stat to use. That's the proper stat to use Assist aren't real. The assists are to make players Look better when they go. He's got full goals and five five assists They're not real they're not real things anymore It's it's chances created. There you go. So in the real world So there you go disappointing onto Brentford next week tough game Tough game, but we'll see we'll see There you go and Evan plays stop having big fights with people because you're getting all getting booked and what's the point? So there you go. Anyway, I'm gonna enjoy the rest of your afternoon. I certainly will I'm going to walk the dog or something because There's not really any girls going on instead Yeah, might go much to the end of Elvis Because I started watching last night and then guess what she fell asleep and oh It's always something isn't it do you? I'll see you later Final words tomorrow toffee TV premiere Link is in the description qr code is on the screen if you want to become a member of Toffee TV premiere well worthy well, but cheaper than cheaper than a coffee and a pint For a month, I know I know Evan a doom and gloom, but we have a good laugh over there every day Every day we have a good laugh. So it's a big one big therapy session one big Therapy session where we all have a bit of a laugh and we end up just talking about other stuff Do you know? See you later


Hello and welcome. It's great to see you all here. This is the second installment of our research seminar here at the Japan Research Center at SOAS. My name is Fabio Gigi and I'm here with Dr. Yona Siderer. So we decided for this term to focus on both science and technology in contemporary Japan, but also on the history of science. And this talk really came out of a discussion that we had after a talk given last term by Dr. Aya Home. And so I invited Dr. Siderer because I realized that her work is really very interesting and fills sort of a gap that we haven't really addressed, which is looking at the history of science in Japan, and more importantly also in the sort of transnational context of how knowledge is created, how things are translated. So Dr. Yona Siderer is at the Edelstein Center for the History and Philosophy of Science, Technology and Medicine at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She holds a Bachelor in the Master in Science in Physical Chemistry from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, a PhD from the Weizmann Institute of Science and an MBA from Tel Aviv University. So she has had a very long and distinguished research career that took her from Israel to Japan to the USA to Italy and to England. She's also a poet and a painter, as you can see in the background, and she has published several poems in English, but also in Japanese. She's a member of the Japanese Society for the History of Chemistry, among other associations. And her talk today is entitled Udagawa Yohan, pioneer of botany and chemistry studies in Japan from Western sources. I'm very happy to chair today. Welcome Dr. Yona Siderer and over to you. Thank you very much Fabio. Thank you for the invitation. And if I may have the first slide please, by Zoom. So that's our destiny nowadays. Thank you. Next one please. So my talk will be concentrating on short bio of Udagawa Yohan. He lived in the first half of the 19th century. His chemistry studies semi-Kaiso, introduction to chemistry, and mainly talk about. And it's revised version of 1975. Then I'll speak about botany in Shoko Gaguke again, principle of botany, and his plant drawing, fabulous paint drawing. And I give an example. The main point is direct and indirect sources from which he translated and studied. And I bring one example. I bought a new book by Strengele that was given to Yohan. And then I want to stop on the acknowledgement. Many people helped me along the way in reference. The article about the chemistry was published in last March in Substancia Journal of the History of Chemistry. So you'll see it again later. Next one please. So a short bio. He was born in 1798 and passed away in 1846. And he was a scholar of many talents. And I touched few of them today. He was a medical doctor, like Chinese, Japanese medical doctor of Tsuyama town in Okayama, which is in central Honshu. And nowadays he studied chemistry, other topics like musical instrument, geography, history of Holland, playing cards. And he wrote an early article about coffee and many more. He studied many languages, like classic Chinese in his childhood, Dutch, and then somewhat German, Latin, Greek. And I saw in Tsuyama archives Arabic letters that he copied. It is also told to stay on a British ship for three nights in order to learn English. Next one please. Here is a drawing showing Udagawa Ion-Sensei and the first page of Semi-Kaiso will take another look at it soon. Next one. Before Semi-Kaiso that I'm going to speak about, he also wrote other chemistry books, including metal chemistry, dyeing of fabric chemistry, earth chemistry, non-metal chemistry, and note on western mineral springs. And he made experiments of water content in several provinces. So no Tugi, Udagawa. Here is the first page of Semi-Kaiso. And on the left side, I found the full set of seven books at the same edition collection of the History of Science at the National Library of Israel in Jerusalem. And Dr. Sidney Edestein was a chemist and industrialist in America and a bibliophile. And he donated his collection of old scientific books to the National Library of Israel. It's excellent. And the first page that we see on the right gives the apple line the date which equals to 1837. In the middle is the title and Semi is like Shimi in French or Dutch. And on the left side of the third page there is a warning against forgery against false production of this book. Okay. Introduction to chemistry. And he's considered the first book in modern chemistry in Japan. And it was published along 10, 11 years. And the book is translated from several European languages. And the question I ask is what books did Udagawa translate from? Here we see the first two pages of Udagawa and Semi-Kaiso, book one, volume one, page seven. And we see several circles there. So each circle gives the first letter of the author in the kanji abbreviated and the name of the book according to your translation and some names of some books. So all together 24 circles. And it's written in kanji and katakana that were used those days. And we take another look at it later. Okay, please. So a list of the authors that appeared on that page include many names. I don't call really all of them, but I highlighted Lavois Zier from France, which was translated by Yipei, a Dutch fellow. Henry also was very much used and Henry was from England, very popular. He turned them over and contemporary and colleague of Lavois Zier method the nomenclature chimique. They wrote together with two other fellows. Tromsdorf from Germany. He wrote his own chemistry book, but also translated Henry's book. Segur is another interesting story. I'm not stopping on it today. Letters from a friend who studied in Paris chemistry to his friend who didn't attend the lecture and it was translated into Japanese. And Kat Smolenburg is a Dutch and he mentioned many other books, other chemists that you didn't have and you could learn from those. Okay, please. So from those books, he could find what Bercelius from Sweden wrote, David from England, Doulon, Gaelosat from France, and many more. So actually he studied more than the book he listed above and from those he chose what text and what author to cite. He really wanted to make the material digestible to Japanese readers. Most of the scenes were very new to them and he also wanted it to be applicable so that they can use what they learn to implement in chemical experiments or chemical industry. Okay, here we can see some of the first pages of some of those books translated. And the left, very left, is the La Boisier, a threat element, the Shimi, and next to it is its Dutch translation. In the middle is William Henry Shimi, Dutch translation of 1803. And on the very right is Leerbuer de Sekunde in Dutch from 1877. So really those scenes were left in the Udegawa house and they're collected and Udegawa belonging are now kept in at least four places in Japan. In Osaka, as mentioned later, in Tsuyama, the town he came from and where his graveyard is now. And also Kyoto University and Wasuda University also had in Tokyo a lot of his belonging. Some published and some just draft of what he was studying. Okay, here another example, Bergman from Sweden chemistry in French and also in Dutch on the right side also is citing Bergman studies of minerals in hot springs. Oh well. And then what I showed you, the first page are quite difficult even for Japanese nowadays. So in 1975, Yuan Semi Kaiso was rewriting in modern Japanese, including translator's comments. And it's a big book and quite expensive and it is based as I said, 24 chemistry books and more. And Tanaka Minoru, 1975 version of Semi Kaiso enables and facilitates the research of Yuan's chemistry studies. And photos of several of Yuan apparatus drawings and copies of foreign books covers, we just saw are included. If we can see the next slide please. Here are some of the experiments and Yuan's apparatus drawing on the left side is the Volta column to produce electricity. And Yuan wrote very much detail how you make this column from a silver plate and single copper plate alternating to produce the current there. And on the right hand, some other experiment of pressure of water and air. So he was really dedicating and I think this lower part shows some copy from foreign drawings, but I don't know for sure. Okay. Here I mentioned that not only Semi Kaiso, but even before that he was playing how to write what is the best way, what country combination or what kind of Katakana combination. All many various possibilities also for coffee, Koji, coffee and so on. And on the right side he drew the coffee can and also made one. And when I visited to Yama archive or coffee place actually they served us coffee from this kind of coffee can made after the guy Yuan's fabrication. Okay. Here is a copy of the cover of a book by Tatsumasa professor, Tatsumasa one of the other professors. And he called it Dawn of Japanese Science. And the cover is a photo of chemical bases and the tubes left in Wundagawa family house. And his knowledge as I mentioned included medical helps. He went to the fields to look for some special herbs to make modicine and then botany classic Chinese study from his stepfather Wundagawa Genshin. And then that says his chemistry, element name in Latin, made many drawings, music, English, Russian, German, Latin and so on. So really a very capable, very genius like one of the Japanese, right? Leonardo da Vinci of Japan about him. Okay. Here is a page of this 1975 books. So the upper sub part is the pages we saw before and on mineral spring. And the lower part is the recent writing. Now is a kanji and Hiragana, as is used nowadays, whereas Katakana is used for foreign names of places, people and chemicals. And this book holds 570 pages and also some additional explanation and books about article about these those translators. And I must say Hayashi Yoshihide and Kurokuri Seiji, because all this tells how to translate it to recent modern language. What did he mean? Where did he take his understanding from? Is very much appreciated by me anyway. Okay. So what did he write about? He wrote about solution, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, explaining, looking for what special kanji combination to use for nitrogen and other scholars use a different kanji combination and eventually he's the one of his term survived. And chemical affinity and caloric salts, phosphoric acid, ammonia, all these things he tries and explain in a very short way. Oxidation, reduction of metal, glass, ingredients of water and hot spring. And then one book, book six, tells about organic acid in plant, like citric acid, oxalic acid, and very many more. And you uncoined mentioned 58 chemical elements that some of them, not all of them were known to chemists by those days. And he wrote five mistaken ones, like light and caloric. But he wrote a sample substances and he put light and caloric as elements. So no wonder he made the same attributes. And from the list of words he wrote, I want to mention a couple of terms, like the crystal he coined Ketsusho. And he also copied very many shades of drawings of different crystals and gave them the Japanese title. And another nice term for sublimation, shoka, you know, in chemistry the material moving from solid to gas without going through liquid. But this sublimation is also used today in psychology. So I think it's a very nice choice by Johan to make this shoka that is applicable today in chemistry and psychology. Okay, I moved to Johan's botany book. As I mentioned, he learned herbal plants and botany before his chemistry studies. But he drew plants as organs and coined terms for those plant organs and also tried to follow Linnaeus nomenclature of families of plants to implement it to Japanese plants. Quite heavy stuff there. But again, in 2014, four Japanese scholars started Johan writing and drawing of plants. And for that work, Johan received some help and advice from the German physician, Fonsiebold, who worked with the Dutch delegation in the Schema Island near Nagasaki. And also the pharmacist Boerge, who was able to help and continue when disabled was forced to leave Japan. Chemistry work supported, this is very important, Takeda Science Foundation. Takeda is a big pharmaceutical company, but they realize because of many floods and many fires, they want to preserve this ancient, scientific work. And they have many of the people who are Johan's original writing. And I have a chance with a Japanese colleague, Uchida Masao, to visit this Osaka Takeda Science Foundation. It's like a vault. It's very severely preserved and we had to write in advance what we are looking for. They let us look at the original only for a short time and then for copies. And when I wanted to take some, again, we had to fill some forms and apply and only later they sent it to me. So, this Fonsiebold, as I said, we see here is with a uniform of the Dutch armies that he joined and then was sent to first to Java and then to Japan, to the Schema. Next one, please. And Johan heard about him and he wanted to befriend with him. So, he didn't meet him until 1826, but already 1824, apparently he sent him a very famous, very rich book by Utamaro, Book of Insects. And it comes in two parts, putting them one near the other. It's another lecture that should be given another time. And he wrote them from your sincere friend with Agawa Johan, 1824, and he wrote in Dutch. And maybe the next, this is, I saw in Leiden in the Ethnological Museum and the curator there, Jan, helped me to really have a chance to see. I'm very much obliged to him. Next one, please. Here we can see. Johan was also, before he wrote his own book, he was enlarging his father's botany book. And his botany book, Schokogegeke principle of botany. And we see in the drawing here that he puts many parts of the plant there and giving name to each of these parts, whatever he could learn and decipher, and also was, as I said, was given help in some of this drawing from Fonsierbult. Next one, please. Here I can show you. This is the studies on Utagawa Johan botany work housed in the Akio Library in the Kedasauz Foundation. And if I tell you the secrets, I bought first the chemistry book. And I saw this book just briefly with the library of source, the Japanese librarian Fujii, I think her name was. I think she doesn't work. And then when I wrote to the agent who, who sold me the chemistry book, I said, I want to buy this botany book. And she wrote me back. She said, it's not for sale. But the company said, if you write them gift request, they will send you the book. And eventually, I wrote the request and couple of weeks later, there was a messenger in my door and he brought me this wonderful book. And I realized it's written there. There are only 600 volumes. It's not for sale. But source do have it in case you want to look more. Okay, next one. Here again, my honor to the respect to the translators. I had the chance to speak with Noboshi Gekato in Tokyo, one of the translators also corresponded with him. Masataka Koda and Kiyoshi Matsuda. And the book is mainly in Japanese, but it does have an English abstract. So in Utagawa Johan is part of the title of the book. Okay. And the names of the authors of the original books for this botany book. And those include books in Dutch, English, and German. So we can see Ludwig, a big book of 1757. And this researcher said that they think he, Johan, studied a lot, mainly from Ludwig, but I'm not sure if only from him. There is an Englishman, Buster, and Noel Churmel is encyclopedia from French and Dutch. And as I said, Johan studied first the word botany from him. And the book in English by Thomas Martin, many drawings there that Johan could copy some of those drawing from there. And Yipei, we saw already, translated both into Dutch, both chemistry and botany. And Joachim Sprengel book in German I'll stop and show a little bit more about him, his book then. Okay. Here are some of the drawings, flowers drawn by Johan in one of the two drawing books of plants. And it also showed the table wrote flowers named in the bottom of each of these flowers, like Pyrrhus, Japanica, Thunberg, THS for Thunberg, one of the first Swedish even 1774-56 that he was in Japan and studied a lot of those plants before. And also another plant, Smilax. Next one please. The one I like very much is this Nassu Japanese eggplants. And you can see how he really draws the flower in the face by the side and in the back, studying each of the details of this plant. And Johan also wrote there some of his understanding of the name there. The other photo is another of the plants. And this one actually fulciabold. He sent it to Johan and he wrote him, I gave this plant your name. It's written in the upper left corner, it's difficult to say, but he here gave the name, Johan's name is the courtesy of their friendship again before departure really. Okay, so this Nassu is excellent and the sources, what sources and Johan, I studied a lot from the PhD study a dissertation of Togo Tsukohara, now professor in Kobe. And he mentioned the book by McLean, Japanese studies in the history of science, introduction of books, and scientific instruments into Japan. We'll see some more next slide, just a minute. And Sprengen, introduction to Botany from Halle. And this was the gift, fulciabold gift to Johan in 1826. And it was another reference book for Shoko Kagan. Another source, books donated by members of the Dutch delegation, the Shima. And when they had to leave Japan, some of them, they gave the books they had, they owned to the scholars. There was a translation bureau of Western books founded in 1811. And Johan became a member of this official member in 1826. So they had some colleagues they could consult with while working occasionally. Okay. So what was the origin of those books? There was a shipping books and scientific instruments from Holland to Japan. A source survey archive was carried out by McLean, searching for the year 1712, 1854. He studied the records of the Dutch factory in the Shima and this island near Nandesaki in Japan, where the Dutch delegation was sitting. And also from colonial records, both preserved in the state archive in the high end, the Netherlands. And only these ships when they arrived, the delegation had to go from Nandesaki all the way to Edo, Tokyo, every half a year, later every one year, and to bring gifts to the Shogun there and information about what's going on in the world. So that was part of exchanging gifts and knowledge between those delegation and the rulers and scholars there. McLean listed the year that the ship arrived, its name, its captain name, the scientific instruments it wrote, and books that were imported. And the name of those who ordered those items are also listed like some of the rulers of some of the provinces. It says he ordered it and many dictionaries of like even Dutch dictionary or Dutch German dictionary. Some dictionary were also quite useful, and microscopes and telescopes and some measuring tools were also shipped to Japan. Okay, I want to show one of the translation example, introduction to Botany. This is the book cover I showed, the middle one of these three pieces, and Siebel in his dedication to Johan wrote to my eager to learn friend Wudagawa Johan in Dutch. And on the other side, Wudagawa Johan wrote his feeling and knowledge. He said Sprengel was a member of many scholarly society and in the management of a botanical garden in Halle. And he added, this is from a new handshake, Wurden, by Wudagawa Johan. So really there was a good exchange of information between them. Actually in 1826, when the delegation, one of those Dutch delegation came to Edo, they stayed in one hotel. And for several times, Johan and other scholars could visit the Dutch delegation members there and exchange information. Okay, I'm nearly there. And that Sprengel book in German, Johan realized that the German is similar to Dutch. So he opened a notebook called Sprengel Lexicon, and it holds 70 pages. And there are three colors of German, Dutch, and Japanese. And for instance, two examples, Bluthen in German, he wrote Bluthen or Blythum. And then he translated Hanasepun, Blasm. And also for German Blau, we didn't add the Dutch, but you could write in Japanese Oy blue. So by these 70 pages, and it says in the yellow page, you can see it's alphabetically ordered. Also, you can see the mark of what worms were reading and eating some of those pages during the years. So really very authentic representation. And I think next one is about to bring us to a summary. Udagarai Johan studied book in chemistry and botany from Europe that were imported to Japan by Dutch ships. In his book, he relied upon many various sources originally in Dutch, and then in English, French, Latin, and Swedish. He invented terms for chemistry. Some of his terms are still in use today. And Johan's successor that I didn't touch today continued and deepened basic and applied chemistry studies. And along the year, Prosperous chemical industry was developed in Japan. And since 1981, Fukui Kenichi from Kyoto was the first one to receive Nobel Prize in chemistry, Japanese. And by 2019, Akira Yoshino, altogether eight Japanese who awarded Nobel Chemistry Prizes. So this is really quite impressive, I think. And I want to thank, in the next slide, many of my colleagues along the year. Professor Masanori Kaji passed away a few years ago. He was the first one who mentioned Udagarai Johan to me. Professor Shin Sato was my first professor as a student Tokyo Institute of Technology and still continued all these years to advise and support my writing. Professor Friedrich Kreis in Ichibunken in Kyoto was my host there for one year and still helped me with understanding some of the Japanese thought. Professor Tetsume Doke, one of the first ones to study Udagarai Johan. Professor Toru Azuma is studying word by word, sentence by sentence, where did Johan learn from? Professor Yasu Furukawa, one of the historians of chemistry, also studied in America. And I took a seminar for half a year with him. Professor Hirofumi Ochiwai is a colleague in the philosophy of chemistry, international company. Masumi Osawa gave me original semi-keisobu copies, maybe six of the seven volumes. Masao Uchida helped me in the very beginning and the Osaka visit. Togo Tsukahara, PhD studies I mentioned. Naoto Omichi helped me with these faking announcement translations. Kato Noboshige is the Botani Professor. You know Dr. Yaku Bektas is my colleague at Tokyo Institute of Technology, very hospitable and helping me with finding my ways. Dr. Karl Grandin in Sweden, in Stockholm, Royal Sweden Science Society. Professor Shimon Vega and Dr. Joachim Begralf helped me with Dutch translation. My friend Dr. Nomi Sofele helped me with editing. And then I had many colleagues from the Japanese Society for the History of Chemistry and Labrarian in Japan, Israel, England and Holland helped me just as well. I skipped the references one next one. Once you want them, you may get them later. And maybe the last item here is a joint work by Kuchiyoshi Yuki and my set, The History of Chemistry in Japan. It's about to be published in Asia Camp very soon. And the last one is the source. Let's slide please. Yeah, this volume of Substancia of March and the article about the chemistry studies, much more detailed that I could present tonight here. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. That was a fascinating journey from all the way from the 18th century up to the present with the Nobel Prize winners. I wanted to remind the audience that you can ask questions via the Q&A function, but also you can put them into the chat. And if you want to speak, you can raise your hands, functionalities you find at the bottom of the screen. Now I was wondering because I mean, there seems to be two things going on at the same time that I find very interesting. On one hand you have the translation, which really is a question often of invention as you have shown with those examples. Shoka for me was very interesting because that's also used in psychoanalytic translations for sublimation. And of course the German word that Freud uses is also the same words that is used in German in chemistry. So I was wondering where, so in a sense this allows us also to understand not only the origin of chemistry in Japan, but also how Ateji, for example, work when you show that small little table about coffee, right? How can you do that? One was wonderful, Kaudi no Yu, a sort of a smelling water or a fragrant water as a translation for coffee. And so I wanted to ask you, the Ateji for Semi, for Shimi, you said it was derived from French, but can you say some? Or Dutch, or Dutch actually. Or Dutch, right. And I was wondering what's the individual signs? Was there any reflection on how to translate that? How did you go from Shimi to Semi? I think it's more like Ateji, like phonetic reading, and yet there is some secret there. I think this kanji, I cannot show it, but you know, I found that it's the kanji for secret. So I think it's nice that even though it's just a phonetic, it has a connotation that there is something secret in the chemistry studies, so that's a smart. But I didn't mention later years, they do not use this term anymore, and the word is Kadaku, the art of change, which they took from Chinese. It's a Chinese writing, but Japanese reading Kadaku. Right. I think that in itself is very interesting. So it's from something secret, which is very much when chemistry came about, was the invisible building blocks of matter itself to something that is more focused on the idea of transformation. I think that's very interesting. So we have a question in the Q&A function, and I shall read it out. Thank you very much, Dr. Siddharer. The question is from Carlos Andres Barbosa Cipeda. I'm especially interested in how Utagawa's knowledge of Chinese classics influenced his translation decisions. To mention a very interesting example, Kangen for reduction. Utagawa Yuan was sent as an adopted child to Utagawa family, and he started with Utagawa Genshin, and he wanted to study Dutch. But Genshin said, no, you must learn classic Chinese first. And also in order to be able to be a formal translator, Dutch is not sufficient and not at all. Dutch is important. And then he had a very vast knowledge of Kanji, from which to choose from. And I don't remember now the terms for my reduction, sorry. Thank you. There's another question in the chat from Petja Triplet. Thank you so much for your informative presentation on this fascinating scholar. I was wondering if you have come across an English translation or other European language of Yuan's Bodani Kakyo. It is quoted a lot, but it seems that it has not been translated yet. Translation of what? Say it again, please. Bodani Kakyo. You can see, if you look at the chat, you can see the Kanji. It's like the Bodai starts and then Nika Kyokyo, like for Sutra. I suggest there is a mention in this English preface of the Bodani book. This is the Sutra of Bodani that is written in Kanji only. It's more ancient than Shokogetakege, but I have a paper in Japanese from Michibunken about it, but I don't remember seeing anything in English about it. But there was a study about him, about this Sutra. I cannot tell much more. Okay, thank you. Yes, this is recorded, and the recordings will be uploaded by next week. Donatella Faia from Genoa. Thanks very much for the interesting talk. I look forward to other talks about natural sciences in Japan until soon, I hope. Donatella Faia. Thank you very much. Right, any more questions? Please be not afraid to raise your hand or to put them into either the chat or into the queue and day. I also found very interesting the drawings that you said on one hand the galvanic column that was sort of reconstructed or redrawn by him, but the other ones illustrating the water pressure, they were probably copies. And I thought it was very interesting because you can only see the hand, but there is a quite elaborate sleeve on the arm. I thought that was an interesting detail, and I wonder whether that was part of whether he copied that or whether that was an addition. I assume so, but for the volta column in Tsuyama Western Archives, you can see a model of this volta column of the experiment that you are on device. And as I said, he wrote a detailed explanation how to construct by 30 or 15 layers of these point metals. And he also wrote that the silver side is called like anode, positive, and the other side is called any gives the Dutch terms that I don't remember, but the cathode, the negative. So we really understand that's what I is impressing. You really understand what he was writing about, or at least some of them. And actually, Tanaka Minoru in one of his articles mentioned some young misunderstanding or mistranslating of some of the things. And also one of the critics that he didn't write, did enter the term atom. He did write Gensou in the botany, like an element. But another point is that even in Europe, it was a time of chemistry progress. And some of the books in Dutch or other languages were not like the whole idea of a floggy stone. You get it or you don't get it. So when he was getting into some ideas that contradict each other, maybe he didn't know what to take and maybe he neglected it. So I think he didn't want to get into Dalton and that was done after him. Right. Thank you. There's another comment at the beginning. Thank you very much from Natsue Hayward. Thank you very much for the interesting talk. I would like to recommend a new book from Brill, The Dutch Language in Japan 1600 to 1900 by Christopher Joby, published in 2021. Not only about your botany and chemistry, but it can be interesting to some people. And again, if you have any more questions. I hope you'll send me the lecture later. Yes. And Natsue just added that covers a lot about translation process, about how terms were translated from Dutch into Japanese. There is another earlier book about botany, about Godeneu's translation. And there's several articles there and they show the difficulties in understanding and translating. And also the title of the Japanese books is changing from the Dutch. And that one is changing from the original one. So the work to decipher which book John was translating was something that the Japanese studied, but also Dutch people studied since still the 19th century. So that's another approach. And I mentioned somewhere there. There is a German dictionary of chemistry that you can read all the explanation, how Japanese term, or for instance, in a later article I published about translating Roscoe chemistry from English to is 1870 book from English to Japanese about the same time. But 1929 it was translated to Hebrew. And I showed the difference in the cultural aspects of the translation. And for instance, Japanese, if you take two sodium chloride, what you put first, the sodium or the chloride. And Israeli scholars also contemplated, should they say Natran Chlorae or Chlorida Natran? Should you see the cutium first or the onion first? And the number of atoms the Japanese put in the beginning of the formula. So those are very tiny, but important. John has some oxidation of nitrogen and oxidation of sulfur in very different stages. And there is, I have a table, how we translated the various oxidation set of the sulfur in the oxidized compounds. But I didn't want to enter into deep chemistry. Although really that is a very interesting question, right? What do you put first? Do you think there is sort of a cultural logic behind that? If you say sodium bicarbonate or carbonate sodium, where does the buy end up? But yes, I mean, the person who first came up with the term also had to make the decision, right? It's two components. So which ones did you put first? I think the Israeli scholars, but that's early, like in the 1930s, but they already knew the chemistry because they learned in German before. And they thought, but Israeli students will have to read English. It's better to put the Hebrew term in the English order, like sodium chloride and that run flowing this way. But Japanese is not the same. Okay. And that in a sense, yes, also brings up the question that you mentioned only briefly, the idea that I mean, obviously, this is not a body of knowledge that is static in any way, but each decade probably adds something new. And I wonder whether Udaghava Yohan was aware of that, that he was what he was compiling as sort of a canon of chemistry actually had very diverse sources, not only geographically, but also in terms of time, some of these things were published quite a bit earlier. And as you mentioned with the floggy stone, some theories sort of came in and out of fashion. Was there an awareness that this was not a sort of received body of knowledge, but something that is in the process of being discovered, so to speak? One of the remarks of the translators, they in the article I show they and the article is online and they show that there is like three books open in front of Yohan, like a small envelope and maybe Ipe and one more, I don't remember. And he looks at them and he decides he chooses what to take from. So it's like a thoughtful approach to distill in a short way what should be put in his book. And there is also a chronological biography of his, of his diaries that I didn't enter yet, but one day, but I think I have a lecture about the that I did give about the botany and I didn't publish yet. I hope I shall be able to do it sometime. Actually, my recent research is coming to the 20th century and is about a woman chemist, Kuroda Chika, and she started learning 1913 for the first time who could enter Tohoku Daigaku and graduated and there is a whole story there, also organic chemistry, plant chemistry. She also worked in Oxford couple of years, 1921, 23, eventually became a professor and very or hardly known out of Japan, maybe not so much in Japan as well. So my research now is about her. That sounds fascinating and that would add sort of, yes, coming up into the 20th century. So please, if you have any more burning questions, put them in the Q&A or into the chat. I have one more thing that I thought was really interesting. It's a bit speculative, perhaps, but when you showed the different terms that Udegawa Yohan sort of had to invent, so to speak, in order to translate, there was the term chemical affinity and I immediately was reminded of the ways in which chemical affinity, in the European world, how important it has become through the work of Goethe who wrote the whole play around this idea, yes, that there is some kind of underlying affinity that goes beyond kinship and later, of course, in Max Weber's work on Protestantism and the spirit of capitalism, where you also have this idea of chemical affinity. So it seems that the idea was used as a metaphor in sociology and in the social sciences more broadly to sort of express something that was very difficult to express without having this kind of chemical language. And I wonder whether there was anything similar happening in Japan. The topic of chemical affinity was very popular, like in William Henry books and so on. So what ion pushes another one from a compound, and there is a list of affinity tables and so on, but it didn't survive. I mean, it's not so much in use nowadays. So I don't remember entering into Yuan, but I think maybe Togo Tsukuhara in his PhD dissertation, I think he touched this topic a little bit more. Excellent, thank you. So if there are no further questions, I'm sort of counting down, then it remains for me to thank our speaker. Thank you very much for joining us today and to give us such an interesting presentation. We will continue in two weeks' time on February the 9th and we'll sort of return to the contemporary scene with two speakers, Daniel White from Cambridge and Hirofumi Katsuno from Doshisha University and they will be talking about animating amusements, the seriousness of robot play in contemporary Japan. So please join us then again and please join me in thanking Dr. Yona Sidderer for her talk today. Thank you. Thank you very much.