Proudly, we hail. New York City, where the American stage begins, here is another transcribed program with a cast of outstanding players and featuring Bryna Raven. Public service time has been made available by this station for your Army and your Air Force to bring you this story, as proudly we hail our women in service. The story is entitled, Humanity Means People. This is the story of a woman who traveled the world for peace of mind to find that her life could have meaning only when she returned to her own backyard. After this important message, our first act curtain will rise. This story about a courageous American woman of the past prompts me to say a few words about courageous American women of the present who are serving their country as service women in the United States Army and United States Air Force. They have the gratifying knowledge that they are writing new pages in the history book hearing one of the most critical periods in our nation's history. You can join these women by volunteering in the WAC, Women's Army Corps, or in the WAF, Women in the Air Force. Visit your nearest United States Army and United States Air Force Recruiting Station and enlist now. And now with Bryna Raven and the role of Jane Adams, your Army and your Air Force present the proudly we hail production, Humanity means people. Truth is manifested to us in many ways. It was sent to me, clear and unmistakable, when I was six years old. But I was 28 before the understanding of that truth came to me. When I was six, I had a dream, a horrible yet prophetic dream. I was alone, utterly alone. Not the way you can be alone in a crowd or alone in an empty house at night, but alone in the world. I wasn't a little girl living in the world of 1866 in that dream. My age seemed indescribable. I was a woman of maybe 30, maybe 50, maybe 100. The setting of the streets through which I was wandering was probably Cedar Creek, Illinois, the only place I'd ever known up until that time. But it seemed large. Not the way I found large cities to be later, but large in the way a huge cavern is endless when you're in the middle of it. Everything was shadowy. Even a voice, the only one in the dream, came from the grayness of the broad streets through which I was wandering. Jane. Jane Adams. You know my name. Who are you? I can scarcely make out your silhouette in this fog. What do you want? The only one here. The only one in the world. Except... Yes, I know. And I'm frightened. Has everyone in the world disappeared? Not disappeared, Jane. Obscured. But you can bring them back. Tell me how. Tell me what I can do to restore everyone again. You alone are responsible for the fate of the world. You can bring people back to life by one implement alone. A wagon wheel. I don't understand. Explain it to me. You left me to be responsible for the fate of the world without telling me what I can do? What can I do? What can I do? What can I do? Chaney. Chaney, wake up. You've been having a nightmare. Oh, Papa, it was terrible. There, there. It's all right now. I'll stay with you until you go back to sleep again. But my dream, Papa, it was so real. But I didn't understand it. You can tell me all about it in the morning. Now try to go to sleep and not to dream. That I could bring everybody back to life with a wagon wheel. What does that mean, Papa? I'm not sure, child. I am not sure. You, a child, cannot explain it. Or can I, a man past the middle of his life? What a wagon wheel, Papa. What should that be that it could save the world? And it's a strange symbol indeed. I only wish I could be of some help. Perhaps Chane Adams' dream had its roots in her love for her father. When his child wanted to share his many cares, he took pains to point out other people who needed her help. One Sunday, dressing for church, she put on her new coat and went into her father's study. You look very pretty. But your old coat will be just as warm and won't make other children feel so bad. The other children were those who lived in the back streets of their town. She told her father when he took her through these streets that she would someday live in a big house. But then, the thought came... Papa, it wouldn't be right. Why do you say that, child? Because it'd be right in the middle of little houses like these. It was at Rockford College that the girl with the strange dream lost her earlier anxiety for the sorrows of the world. She escaped into the beauty of books and forgot the reality around her. It was during her last year at college that her escape from the world was halted temporarily by a shock. Oh, good morning, Ellen. Isn't this wonderful? All the world's a stage and all the men and women merely players. I never fully realized those words and what they meant until I just read them again this morning. Jane, I... I don't really know how you... Ellen, what's the matter? You're pale as death. I bring news of death, Jane. Papa. Papa's dead. Yes, Jane. He died peacefully in his sleep last night. He wrote you this letter. It was found by his bed this morning. My beloved Janey is late at night and I feel it is late in my life, too. I think this without remorse but with a certain sadness that I have not been able to give you all the help your nature has pleaded for. Remember when you were a little child had your dream about the wagon wheel. At that time I could not help you when you came to me for the answer. The real answer is something I should have learned a long time before this. That each person's destiny, the answer to the eternal questions in each person's heart must be worked out individually. Except for a few bits of real estate and a few scraps of paper that will be relieved of the burden of financial suffering, I have nothing more to leave you. But I somehow think that if you come to realize the meaning of this inheritance and shape it into your destiny, you will be rich indeed. Your loving Papa. Janey, oh, come in. Hello, Ellen. Oh, I'm so tired. Oh, sit down and tell me. Well, there's nothing wrong with me. Nothing he can hear in his stethoscope or feel in my pulse at any rate. But you're sick, Janey. Didn't he tell you that? Yes, he knows I'm not well, but there's nothing to do with a germ or a disease of the body. It's as if something were haunting me, Ellen. Your father. You're still brooding about him, Janey. No, no, I'm really not, Ellen. Of course I miss him, and I regret I wasn't with him when he died, but something deeper than that. It's a sense of guilt that's unreasonable. It's a weight I can't shake off. What did the doctor recommend? Oh, usual thing for young girls with enough money. Said I should go somewhere. Europe, perhaps, get a change of scenery. Hope that will mean a change of viewpoint. Well, why not, Janey? Oh, England is beautiful at this time of year.  Ellen, will you go with me? I could find it bearable then. I don't think I could enjoy being by myself in this strange country. Not now, when I feel so all alone, even in my own country. Of course I will, Janey. We'll love it. Oh, we'll see. All the things we've known in books and paintings and photographs, there'll be Westminster Abbey and Buckingham Palace and Oxford and Cambridge and London Bridge. Stop the carriage. Here's the place. Oh, when does the auction start? Whenever there are enough of the rabble assembled. Ellen, I wish I hadn't come. Oh, now, Janey, don't spoil everyone's fun. Oh, I'm dying to see the auction. This is really quite historic now. Every Saturday night for centuries, the farmers bring in their fruit and vegetables. And then the poor gather to get what they can for next door to nothing. But some of those vegetables look spoiled to me. They're not far from it. But they don't even have to last until these people get home. They eat them right here on the streets. Hey, where are you going, Miss Adams? I'm going back to the hotel. If you want to stay and watch these poor people scramble like animals for bits of refuse, you're welcome to do it. My idea of a spectacle is to go to the theatre and not to sit in a carriage and watch and gloat over the evils of the world. You seem better here in Germany. I'm really sorry about that incident in London at the auction. Don't worry ahead about it, Ellen. I didn't feel guilty about my life of uselessness. I suppose I would have seen the colour and the history of it. Look. Look at those women out there on the street. What are they carrying? Those tanks tied to their backs. What are they? Well, I saw them yesterday when the waiters told me about them. It's hot brew they're carrying. They're hands. Look at their hands. Isn't it awful? Their hands are scarred from burns. The hot brew splashes when the women walk. Ellen, something must be done. Let's go to see the booze. Young woman, what am I to do? Men must have beer. And so these women must have scars. Is that it? When you put it that way, I sound heartless. You are. I am too. Because there seems to be nothing that can be done about it. You're to blame, but so am I because I'll just run away from this ugliness. Because I've always run away. Janey, what's the remedy? Ellen, do you remember that social settlement we saw in England? Uh, Toynby Hall? That's right. I'd forgotten the name. Remember, Hart was the centre for London's poor? How they went there for enlightenment or amusement? Are you suggesting we go and work at Toynby Hall? No, Ellen. Charity begins at home. Such a settlement house would be useful in Chicago. Think of all the races in America that have to learn to live together if our democracy is to endure. At our house, we would gather together all sorts of immigrants, do what we could to help them, and give them a life in common. Janey, that sounds wonderful. We would not only help them, they would help us. We're smothered in comfort as they are oppressed by poverty. My scheme is to throw off some of this stifling comfort for the privilege of being of some use in the world. Reiner Abern featured in the role of Jane Adams in the proudly we hail production Humanity Means People will return in just a moment for the second act. Love and loyalty to one's country have never been the exclusive attributes of men. Women, too, have given concrete evidence of their devotion and courage. Now, more than ever before, the services of women are urgently needed to undertake thousands of jobs in the armed forces, where a critical manpower shortage threatens the defense effort. More than ever before, the United States Army and United States Air Force needs young women in its expanding forces. So go to your nearest Army and Air Force recruiting station. Have a talk with the recruiting sergeant. He'll help you decide how you can best serve your country. Volunteer for service in the WAC, Women's Army Corps, or in the WAF, Women in the Air Force. Do it today. You are listening to Proudly We Hail. Now with Reiner Abern as Jane Adams, we present the second act of Humanity Means People. For the privilege of being of some use in the world. That's the reason Jane Adams gave herself and her friend Ellen for wanting to found a settlement house in Chicago. She found an old rundown mansion built by a man named Hull. 30 years before, Mr. Hull had chosen the site for its suburban piece. I don't know as a smart business to say this, Miss Adams, but I can't imagine why you'd want her at my house. In the heart of the immigrant quarter of Chicago, the streets and alleys around are dirty and badly lighted. They're lined with wooden shanties.  Mr. Hull, every feature of the neighborhood that you've cited as a disadvantage is a point in its favor for my purposes. Those people need me and I need your house.  I'll repay your efforts with nothing but suspicion. You mark my words. And I ask you, why they move in here? They can afford to live over on the fancy side of Chicago. What do they want to move into our neighborhood? They will want to sell us something. You watch. It's my warning on this. Don't promise to go to their church. Labor spies is my idea. You went to that Hull house? Why not? They're not half bad. But what did they want you to do? Want? Nothing. Miss Adams, she reads a book to us by a woman called George, George Elliott. Then we talk about things, mostly about the neighborhood. She say we got all to ask for better garbage collection.  And I walk to the factory with it. Yeah, well, Harry, it's almost seven. I can't afford to be docked this week, not with my youngest needing medicine all the time. Emma, you hear about that Miss Adams under Hull house? Yeah, I've heard nothing else for six months. What is it to me that they move into a fancy house and look down their noses at us working women? But that is the news. Miss Adams, she mined our children for us women while we're at work. Then who can afford even a penny in our tenements for someone to stay with the children? It is bad enough my Gisella has so cold all the time, but if I don't have the money to pay her medicine, it would be worse. But it will not cost us a cent. They have what they call a nursery school for the little one. Where they get milk every day. Just think every day. Hmm, sounds funny to me. But if it is true, what the relief it would be not to have to lock the children up all day and worry about them being caught in a fire or falling out of windows. Emma, tomorrow I send my kids there.  You know, Emma, I think it was a fine day for Halsted Street when Miss Adams moved in Hall House. Miss Adams, the landlord, he come tonight and says we got to put our things out on the side, walk by tomorrow morning, or he's going to put it there himself.  How can he be so cruel? That's it, Miss Adams.  Here's the money for the rent. But wait a minute before you go, Giovanni. I don't think for one minute that your landlord is entirely to blame. But he's going to put us out on the street. Because you didn't pay your rent. Isn't that right? But the money? Who's got the money with the little I earned? Giovanni, you had enough money to gamble last Saturday night, didn't you? Yes.  Then, Giovanni, I will feel better with myself about helping you. Oh, Jane, I was wondering where you've been. Aren't these beautiful, Ellen? I got this whole armful for just more than a dollar. But Jane, what right have we to spend even one cent for flowers when there are so many other things we need? I couldn't sleep last night. I was thinking about how to win the friendship of all the various elements in the neighborhood. These are for my Italians. You mean you're buying their friendship with an armful of flowers? And why not? If we can get them to love Hull House, then we can help them. We can't help them if they stay away. And these flowers will help to bring them. Don't you see, Ellen? The Italians around Hallstead and Polk Street are sons of the soil by nature. They find the crowded indoor life of the big city, their tenements and their factories, very hard. Now, if I can win them over with flowers, then I can give them greater treasures, knowledge and understanding of the life of our great country. Miss Adams, my Anna is arrested. Anna is a good girl. She was going to put back the five dollars she took from Cashbox to buy the dress for church picnic. But the boss found out before she could raise the money and he wanted to send her to prison. He will help her. Miss Adams, my Mario has been in a fight. A man was killed. Mario don't mean to do this. And now, what's going to be with us, Miss Adams? Their parents are bewildered, Ellen. They don't understand what has happened to their American children. Well, the young people think of their mothers and fathers as foreigners, Jane. They don't know anything of their fine past, of Italian art or Hebrew lore. They see only laborers, common working people. They're ashamed. And the parents are just as bigoted. They refuse to see their children born in this new country and longing to be a part of it, craving for change and for power. Daughter needing a new hat, the son wanting his own money so he can be somebody, they don't understand that. We must build a bridge between the parents and their children. But how, Jane? I think I saw the answer this morning when I was walking through the neighborhood. Where? Something must be done, and if you think you have the answer, let's do it. I came upon an old Italian woman sitting in the sun on the steps of a tenement house, spinning thread with a simple stick spindle. The old woman might have served as a model for one of Michelangelo's fates, but that isn't what stopped me. I thought, now, here is the bridge between the old and the new. The children of this old Italian work in factories with complicated machines, but just as they are descended from the old woman, their complicated machines are descended from the simple one she works. This, the children don't realize. If we could make them see the link between the past and the present, between themselves and their parents, they'd know just what the spinning wheels to Hall House tomorrow night. We are going to have a demonstration for the young people. We've invited about 20 of you older women to come and show the young boys and girls how the things were done in the old country. They'll be proud of all of you. All of you. Is it true that my mother is the best spinner in America? Well, you saw her work tonight with all the other women far behind, didn't you? You see, my dear, your mother comes from a lovely Italian village where her art of spinning was handed down from generation to generation. You see, it's hard for her to be torn away from her old home and made to give up everything, even her talents to become a stranger in America.  You've made me understand my mother for the first time. Won't you have a chair, please? Thank you. You don't know me, Miss Adams. I was in the audience last night when you talked about your work here in Hall House. Oh, and what did you think? I guess that's obvious because I'm here. You made me feel uncomfortable. Really? I'm not sorry, you know. I suppose you're not. Your business seems to be to poke at people's consciences. I'm a rich man, and according to your standards, a selfish one, I suppose. What can I do? You said earlier I didn't know you. But I do. You see, I read the society pages as well as the editorials in the paper. Checking. You own a block of ramshackle houses. They're unfit to live in. You want to know what to do? Well, I'll tell you, if you're sincere, tear down those houses and build a playground. Our children have no outdoor life, but in the streets. You have everything. Give these children a little something. Gentlemen of the Senate, I appeal to you. I offered some little girls who came to our first Christmas party at Hull House some candy. And they said, no, thank you. You see, they work those babies 14 hours a day in a candy factory. What attraction does candy have for them? Our efforts for our children are hopeless, unless we abolish child labor. And we can do that only by piercing the conscience of the people and only facts of child labor. You say you represent the people. The children can't vote, but you must represent them too. This bill must pass. This bill which will give freedom to the children of Illinois. Settlements were springing up throughout the country, all modeled after that of Jane Adams. Hull House itself now occupied a group of structures covering a city block, and its founder's reputation covered the globe. From thousands of platforms, people heard her speak, and the books she wrote reached millions. Her word carried such weight that political leaders, not only of her own, but of other countries, sought her advice and support. To everyone, she made audible the cry of children and the weariness of workers. Her two chief crusades were on behalf of children and world peace. In 1931, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. In one sentence, the speaker making a presentation summed up what the world thought of Jane Adams. In Jane Adams, there are assembled all the best womanly attributes which shall help us to establish peace in the world. In the year of her death, 1935, Jane Adams received the American Education Award. The speaker at that time said, She has taught tolerance and peaceful community living. First at home, and then in the world at large. Perhaps Jane Adams summed it up best herself when she stated her purpose in 1888. I want to throw off comfort for the privilege of being of some use in the world. Thank you, Bryner Rabern, for a stirring portrayal of Jane Adams. Now here is an important message to the young women of America. You have just heard an interesting story about one of America's gallant women of the past. If you're between the ages of 18 and 34, you're invited to join America's gallant women of the present who now serve in the WAAC, Women's Army Corps, and the WAAC, Women in the Air Force. Visit your local United States Army and United States Air Force Recruiting Station. Get all the details today. This has been another program on Proudly We Hail, presented transcribed in cooperation with this station by the United States Army and United States Air Force Recruiting Service. This program featured Bryner Rabern as Jane Adams. This is Kenneth Bagnardt speaking and inviting you to tune in the same station next week for another interesting story on Proudly We Hail.


from Berlin, Germany. It's theCUBE, covering DataWorks Summit Europe 2018. Brought to you by Hortonworks. Hi, welcome to theCUBE. We're separating the signal from the noise and tuning into the trends in data and analytics. Here at DataWorks Summit 2018 in Berlin, Germany. This is the sixth year, I believe, that DataWorks has been held in Europe. Last year, I believe it was at Munich. Now it's in Berlin. It's a great show. The host is Hortonworks. And our first interviewee today is Scott Na, who is the chief technology officer of Hortonworks. Of course, Hortonworks got established themselves about seven years ago as one of the up-and-coming startups commercializing a then-brand-new technology called Hadoop and MapReduce. They've moved well beyond that in terms of their go-to-market strategy, their product portfolio, their partnerships. So, Scott, this morning, it's great to have you. How are you doing? Glad to be back and good to see you. It's been a while.  We've both been around the block a few times, but I remember you years ago. You were with Teradata, and I was at another analyst firm. And you know, you're with Hortonworks, and Hortonworks is really on a roll. I know you're not Rob Bearden, so I'm not going to go into the financials. But your financials look pretty good. You're latest. You're growing. Your deal sizes are growing. Your customer base is continuing to deepen. So, you guys are on a roll. So, we're here in Europe, and we're here in Berlin in particular. It's, you know, it's five weeks. You did the keynote this morning. It's five weeks until GDPR. The sort of Damocles, the GDPR sort of Damocles, it's not just affecting European-based companies, but it's affecting North American companies and others who do business in Europe. So, your keynote this morning, your core theme was that your, if you're an enterprise, your business strategy is equated with your cloud strategy now. It was really equated with your data strategy. And you got to a lot of that. It was a really good discussion. And where GDPR comes into the picture is the fact that, you know, protecting data, personal data of your customers is absolutely important. In fact, it's imperative and mandatory and will be in five weeks. Or you'll face a significant penalty if you're not managing that data and providing customers with the right to have it erased or to withdraw consent to have it profiled and so forth. So, enterprises all over the world, especially in Europe, are getting racing as fast as they can to get compliant with GDPR by the May 25th deadline. So, one of the things you discussed this morning, there was a, you had an announcement overnight that Hortonworks has released a new solution and technical preview called the Data Steward Studio. And I'm wondering if you can tie that announcement to GDPR, it seemed like Data Stewardship would have a strong value for your customers. Yeah, there's definitely a big tie in. And, you know, GDPR is certainly creating a milestone, kind of a trigger for people to really think about their data assets. And it's, but it's certainly even larger than that because when you even think about driving a digitization of a business, driving new business models and connecting data and finding new use cases, it's all about finding the data you have, understanding what it is, where it came from, what's the lineage of it, who had access to it, what did they do to it. These are all governance kinds of things which are also now mandated by laws like GDPR. And so it's all really coming together in the context of the new modern data architecture era that we live in where a lot of data that we have access to, we didn't create. And so it was created outside the firewall by a device, by some application running with some customer. And so, capturing and interpreting and governing that data is very different than taking derivative transactions from an ERP system which were already adjudicated and understood and governing that kind of a data structure. And so this is a need that's driven from many different perspectives. It's driven from the new architecture, the way IoT devices are connecting and just creating a data bomb, that's one thing. It's driven by business use cases of saying just what are the assets that I have access to and how can I try to determine patterns between those assets where I didn't even create some of them, so how do I adjudicate that? And discovering and cataloging your data. Discovering it, cataloging it, actually even, you know, when I even think about data, just think the files on my laptop that I created and I don't remember what half of them are, right? So creating the metadata, creating that trail of breadcrumbs that lets you kind of piece together what's there, what's the relevance of it, and how then you might use it for some correlation. And then you get in obviously to the regulatory piece that says sure, if I am an EU customer and I ask to be forgotten, the only way that you can guarantee to forget me is to know where all of my data is. If you remember that they are your customer in the first place and you know where all that data is, you're even aware that it exists, that's the first and foremost thing for an enterprise to be able to assess their degree of exposure to GDPR. So right, so it's like a whole new use case that's a microcosm of all of these really big things that are going on. And so what we've been trying to do is really leverage our expertise in metadata management using the Apache Atlas project. Of course, we work with IBM and the community on Apache Atlas. You know metadata tagging is not the most interesting topic for some people, but in the context that I just described it's kind of important. And so I think one of the areas where we can really add value for the industry is leveraging our lowest common denominator, open source, open community kind of development to really create a standard infrastructure, a standard open infrastructure for metadata tagging into which all of these use cases can help plug whether it's I want to discover data and create metadata about the data based on patterns that I see in the data or I've inherited data and I want to ensure that the metadata stay with that data through its life cycle so that I can guarantee the lineage of the data and be compliant with GDPR. And in fact, tomorrow we will have Mandy Chessel from IBM, Key Hortonworks' partner, discussing the open metadata framework you're describing and what you're doing. And that was part of this morning's keynote flow as well. So it all really flowed nicely together. Anyway, it is really a perfect storm. So what we've done is we've said let's leverage this lowest common denominator, standard metadata tagging in Apache Atlas, and up level it and not have it be part of a cluster but actually have it be a cloud service that can be enforced across multiple data stores, whether they're in the cloud or whether they're on-prem. And- That's the data steward studio. That's the data, well that data plane and data steward studio really enable those things to come together. The data steward studio is the second service under the data, the Hortonworks data plane service. So okay. Yeah, so the whole idea is to be able to tie those things together. And when you think about it in today's hybrid world, and this is where I really started where your data strategy is your cloud strategy, they can't be separate because if they're separate, just think about what would happen. All right, so I've copied a bunch of data out to the cloud. All memory of any lineage is gone. Or I've got to go set up manually another set of lineage that may not be the same as the lineage it came with. And so being able to provide that common service across footprint, whether it's multiple data centers, whether it's multiple clouds or both is a really huge value because now you can sit back and through that single pane, see all of your data assets and understand how they interact. That obviously has the ability then to provide value like with data steward studio to discover assets. Maybe to discover assets and discover duplicate assets where hey, I can save some money if I get rid of this cloud instance because it's over here already. Or to be compliant and say yeah, I've got these assets here, here and here. I am now compelled to do whatever, delete, protect and Crip. I can now go do that and keep a record through the metadata that I did it. Yes, in fact, that is very much at the heart of compliance. You got to know what assets there are out there. And so it seems to me that Hortonworks is increasingly, the H word rarely comes up these days. Not Hortonworks, you're talking about Hadoop. Hadoop rarely comes up these days when the industry talks about you guys.  In fact, in your partnership with IBM a year or more ago, I think it was IBM standardized on HDP as they're in lieu of their distro because it's so well-established, so mature. But going forward, you guys in many ways, Hortonworks, you have positioned yourselves now. Wikibon sees you as being the premier solution provider of big data governance solutions, specifically focused on multi-cloud, on structured data and so forth. And so the announcement today of the Data Stewards Studio very much builds on that capability you already have there. So, you know, going forward, can you give us a sense for your roadmap in terms of building a data plane service? Because this is the second of the services under the data plane umbrella. Give us a sense for how you will continue to deepen your governance portfolio in the data plane. Yeah, I mean, really the way to think about it, there are a couple of things that you touched on that are, I think, really critical for, certainly for me and for us at Hortonworks, to continue to repeat, just to make sure the mess we got there. Number one, Hadoop is definitely at the core of what we've done and was kind of the secret sauce, some very different stuff in the technology, also the fact that it's open source and community, all those kinds of things. But that really created a foundation that allowed us to build the whole beginning of big data data management. Yeah. And we added and expanded to the traditional Hadoop stack by adding data in motion. And so what we've done is- NIFI, I believe. You made your investment. Yeah, so yeah, we made a large investment in Apache NIFI as well as Storm and Kafka as kind of a group of technologies. Yes. And the whole idea behind doing that was to expand our footprint so that we would enable our customers to manage their data through its entire lifecycle from being created at the edge all the way through streaming technologies to landing, to analytics, and then even analytics being pushed back out to the edge. So it's really about having that common management infrastructure for the lifecycle of all the data, including Hadoop and many other things. And then in that, obviously, as we discussed, whether it be regulation, whether it be, frankly, feature functionality, there's an opportunity to up-level those services from an overall security and governance perspective. And just like Hadoop kind of upended traditional thinking, and what I mean by that, it was not the economics of it specifically, but just the fact that you could land data without describing it, right? That seemed so unimportant at one time, and now it's like the key thing that drives the difference. Think about sensors that are sending in data that reconfigure firmware and that those streams change.  So the same thing applies then to how we apply governance, right? And I said this morning, you know, traditional governance was, hey, I started as an employee, I have access to this file, this file, this file, and nothing else. So I don't know what else is out there. I only have access to what my job title describes, and that's traditional data governance. In the new world, that doesn't work. Data scientists need access to all of the data now. That doesn't mean we need to give away PII, right? We can encrypt it, we can tokenize it, but we keep referential integrity. We keep the integrity of the original structures, and those who have a need to actually see the PII can get the token and see the PII. But it's governance kind of thought inversely, you know, as that's been thought about for 30 years. It's so great you've worked governance into an increasingly streaming real time in motion data environment. Scott, this has been great. It's been great to have you on theCUBE. You're an alum of theCUBE. I think we've had you at least two or three times over the last few years. It feels like 35, no, it's been five. Yeah, it's been great. So we are here at DataWorks Summit in Berlin.


Nico Brown is with the Howard Head Sports Medicine Center and when I think of Howard head what I think of and I've been through it Myself after some injuries is physical therapy after I've had a problem This conference is about injury prevention. How does that work for you? Absolutely Physical therapy classically is a reactionary Mechanism we're looking to transform what we do in a number of different ways One way we do that is with large employers with our safe fit musculoskeletal wellness program where we've decreased the barriers of entry so people can get the care they need before it becomes a more chronic or expensive Concern for the employers another way that we really focus on prevention is working with the US ski team as well as the US Climbing team to really say okay. What sort of injury trends are we seeing? How do we put that into a practice where we can Take care of these proactively instead of being so reactionary in medicine Let's talk about what is often a specific problem for ski racing and general skiing and that's knee injuries So what might you do or tell me to do to prepare myself better to? Potentially avoid that besides having my bindings adjusted right and skiing sensibly Certainly, I mean the first thing that I highly recommend is an annual musculoskeletal exam So you can see how you're doing year after year is your flexibility improving or is it not? Is your muscle strength improving or is it not? Do we have different asymmetries that are affecting our performance and then with that information you can take and Individualize a prevention program that will really not only improve performance, but decrease and mitigate your risk of injury How does this all tie in with a Stedman-Philipon Research Institute and the Stedman Clinic? We think of the Stedman Clinic. That's where you go after you've had the injury Well, I think it's really aligns with the mission of Sprye the Stedman Clinic the Vale Valley Medical Center in Howard head And this collaboration is really looking to not only take care of people But transform the way in which we deliver medicine Is this going to be more and more common our other physical therapy centers going to be looking at things this way Or is this just a brand new idea? You know, I do believe that there's a trend in the market But you know we like to be the tip of the arrow and we got to see what happens in the future Nico Brown, thank you very much and definitely the tip of the arrow


Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim. In the name of Allah, the beneficent, the merciful, respected viewers. As-salamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh. May the peace and blessings of Allah be upon you. Hello and welcome to the 21st episode of the Treaties of Right series with me or host Ali Jassim. Today we will discuss the right of the companion. Regarding this, Imam Sajad Zain al-Abdina alayhi as-salam has said, and the right of the companion is that you should act as his companion with nobility as much as you can. Otherwise, you should at least treat him with fairness, honor him as he honors you and guard him as he guards you, and do not let him precede you in generosity. And if he precedes you, then recompense him. Do not fall short of giving him the love that he deserves. Commit yourself to advise him, care for him and help him perform the acts of obedience to his Lord and help him restrain himself from any act of this obedience of his Lord that he might attempt. Then be a mercy upon him and not a chastisement. And there is no power but in Allah the Almighty. From the words of the Imam, peace and blessings be upon him, we can learn that the rights of your companion include treating with nobility as much as possible. At least be fair with him. Another right is to honor him as he honors you. Try to be the first one to treat the other one with kindness. Return his favors. You must also commit yourself to advise him to do acts of obedience to God and always restrain him from sinful acts. Try to be like a blessing for him. Humans are constantly learning from friends. We influence others. Others influence us. Therefore the Holy Qur'an warns us about the possibility of deviation and depicts for us a scene in the hereafter when man realizes that ignorant and tricky companions have corrupted him. Then he wishes that he had never made friends with them. However, then it is too late to be sorry. The Holy Qur'an says, the day that the wrongdoer will bite at his hands, he will say, oh would that I had taken a straight path with the Apostle. Ah, woe is me. With that I had never taken such a one for a friend. He did lead me astray from the message of Allah after it had come to me. Ah, the evil one is but a traitor to man. The Holy Qur'an al-Fuqah in chapter 25 verses 27 to 29. Man stayed of extreme sorrow for following the footsteps of an evil friend as shown in these verses. Although these verses refer to the hereafter, there are many people who greatly suffer from the companionship of bad friends. Love their property and honor. Common sense tells us that not to associate ourselves with bad people. But in addition to our common sense, there are many traditions or narrations from the Prophet peace and blessings be upon him and the Ahlul Bayt that confirmed this to us. Mom Ali the commander of the faithful peace and blessings be upon him said, avoid the companionship of wicked people since your nature will unknowingly adopt their wickedness. Mom Sadaq al-Salam said, whoever associates with bad friends will not remain sound. Mom Sadaq al-Salam has also said, whoever does not avoid the companionship of a fool will come close to adopting his behavior. These traditions point out that man is influenced by his friends and will adopt their behavior.  The fact that the physicians have pointed out about contagious diseases is not limited to physical illness.  When Mom Ali said, your nature will unknowingly adopt their wickedness, he referred exactly to this fact. In addition, when Mom Sadaq al-Salam said, whoever associates with bad friends will not remain sound. He referred to this fact too. There is a funny story regarding this topic. A person needed to dig a well in his yard, asked someone to come and dig one for him. A large amount of dirt was dug out of the well and piled up in the yard. He wondered what to do with that dirt. He went to a friend of his and asked for advice.  He told them to dig another well in the yard and then throw the dirt from the first one in it. He did the same but ended up with a large amount of dirt from the second well piled up on the other side of his yard. He went to his friend again to ask for more advice. His friend told him to simply pour the dirt from the second well he had dug into the first one. It has been narrated on the authority of Solomon. Do not express an opinion about a person before you consider with whom he keeps company, since a man is only known through his types of friends and associates he has and is described in relation to his companions and intimates. Solomon beautifully and eloquently describes that judging a specific individual is based on who they consider their friends. Let's go for a quick break. Stay tuned. Welcome back. Mam Adipis and blessings be upon them said there is no good in the companionship of one in whom six qualities are combined.   Three, those who betray you after you trust them. Four, those who will accuse you of something after they trust you. Five, those who will not be grateful when you confer a favor on them. Six, those who if they confer a favor on you will make mention of it. Amal Baqar peace be upon him said my father advised me as follows. Oh my son be sure not to associate, converse or travel with five groups of people. I asked him oh father may I be your ransom. Who are these five groups of people? He replied do not associate yourself with corrupt people since they will sell you for more soul or less than that. I asked him oh father what is meant by less? He said they will desire it but will not get what they wanted. Then I asked oh father who are the second group he said do not associate with misers since they will deprive you of their property when you need it the most. I asked who are the third group he said do not associate with liars since they are like a mirage. They will make the near seem distant to you and make the distance seem near. Then I asked who are the fourth group of people he replied do not associate yourself with fools since they will cause you harm even though they intend to help you. Then I asked who are the fifth group he said do not associate with those who cut off ties with their relatives since I have found them cursed in three places in the holy Quran. Now let us consider the verses that Imam Sajjad referred to then is it to be expected of you if you were put in authority that you will do mischief in the land and break your ties of kith and kin such are the men whom God has cursed for he has made them deaf and blinded their sight the holy Quran chapter 47 verses 23 and 24 the holy Quran chapter 47 verses 22 and 23 these verses are about a group of hypocrites and for the second occasion but those who break the covenants of God after having plighted their word there too and cut us under those things which God has commanded to be joined and work mischief in the land on them is the curse for them is the terrible home the holy Quran at chapter 13 verse 25 the ideological and scientific corruption of the materialistic people are summarized in the following three in the above verse one breaking divine covenants including natural intellectual and religious ones to cutting off relationships including ties with God with divine leaders and with oneself three corruption on the earth in addition the third verse reads as follows those who break God's covenants after it is ratified and who sunder what God has ordered to be joined and do mischief on earth these cause loss only to themselves the holy Quran al-Baqara chapter 2 verse 27 now let's take a look at who we should associate ourselves with we can clearly distinguish that through ma'mal Hassan is advised to Junada and a part of his advice to Junada Ibn Amyat ma'mal Hassan said if you feel you need to associate yourself with others associate with the following people one associate with people who is association is like an adornment for you to associate with people who are protect you when you serve them three associate with people who will help you when you need help for associate with people who will accept what you tell them as the truth five associate with people who will strengthen any bonds of friendship that you initiate with them six associate with people who will accept your favors when you favor them out of nobility seven associate with people who will cover up anything that might harm your honor eight associate with people who will recognize your good needs towards them nine associate with people who will grant you when you ask and if you are silent give you without your asking 10 associate with people who will be sympathetic with you when you face hardships the commander of the faithful Ali upon him said do not be friends with anyone unless he is pious and intelligent only associate with a righteous scholar do not entrust your secrets to anyone except believers who honor their promises he also said know that associating with the scholar and following him as a practice with which God is served obedience to him results in the attainment of good deeds and the elimination of evil deeds it will be a savings for a believer and an elevation in their position in this life and after death with this we conclude this episode stay tuned for another episode on the treaties of rights. Thank you all for watching and may Allah hasten the reappearance of our beloved Mahdi Al-Jalata


I'm going to present joint work with Angel Bertini at Iberstay, Eric Markov, Thomas Perran, and Mark Stevens. And it's going to be about finding and actually computing collisions for the SHA1 hash function. And this is nearly an anniversary talk because the full collision was actually found on the 15th of January last year, today with the 11th, so not too far away. And that came after a long series of work, some of the notable ones being the first practical free start collision in October 2015, the first theoretical attack in 2005, and the standardization of SHA1 was in 1995. So you can notice this kind of 10-years pattern. So maybe in 10 years, we'll get the first theoretical pre-image attack. And in 20, the first practical, who knows if that can motivate you. And so what I'm going to talk about is, well, I'll do some brief recap about what's the SHA1 collision actually like and how you can compute one. And I hope I'll have time to say a few words about, well, how you actually measure the complexity of an attack, what actually means in terms of practicality. So, well, let's just get away with this. That's a SHA1 collision. That's 1024 bits in two blocks of messages. And, well, they're kind of random. They have differences in specific locations, red and blue, and they're hashed to the same value. So what you can do with this, you can do that. You can have two PDFs, one showing Calvin the other hubs, and they're actually hashed to the same value. I could have cheated, of course, on this slide, but, well, the PDFs do exist. And that's one of the things you can do with any kind of pictures you like. One of the best applications probably of these collisions. So, well, first I'll go about cryptanalytic attacks on SHA1. Well, you don't really need all of the details on these slides if you know about them. That's better, but not really necessary. So as I said, it was standardized in 1995. It's quite similar to MD4 and MD5, if you know them. And two things, without going into details, that will be useful to understand the structure of the attack is that SHA1 uses Merkle-Damgard as domain extender and uses a compression function, which is a block cipher in Davies-Megamode. And it has 80 steps. Remember that, because there will be some reduced attacks on, let's say, 75 steps. So that's nearly the total amount, not entirely. There was a SHA0, which was very similar, but much more broken, if it's possible. And the hash size is 160 bits. So in principle, a generic attack cost 2 to the 80 cost to the function, roughly. So that's what we would want to achieve for this function, that we do not. OK, so those were some details, but we want to attack the function, not to describe it. And the colors are actually pretty bad here. Oh, sorry, there should be some colors. So I will start. Anyway, the colors are not important for the first part of this slide. We have two blocks, because the attack uses two blocks of messages, as I said before. And first, one block is representing one computation. Well, one rectangle is one computation of SHA1. We have two inputs on the left, the initial value, and the right, the message. So we want a collision. We want basically everything at the start is similar. We have the same IV, the one of the function. And we want different messages that eventually hash to the same value. So first, we have a zero difference on the top left, because the IV is the same in both cases. And we have a delta M difference on the message. And if everything goes well, we get, at the end of this rectangle that symbolizes the computation of SHA1, we get a difference in the chaining value, which is delta C. So at the end of the state, we have delta C. The feed forward on the left is the feed forward for Davies Mayer. We add the IV back, because we had no difference in the IV. That's no difference in the chaining value, so we get still delta C. Then the area that goes on the right is for the Merkel-Danckard chaining. And that's the input value for the IV of the next round. So we get delta C. And then we use minus delta M on the message. If everything goes well, we get minus delta C. We have, again, the Davies Mayer feed forward delta C plus minus delta C equals zero, so everything is fine.  So that's the idea of the main structure of the attack. But of course, it's not so easy to actually find those messages that go to the right differences. And that's the goal of the middle part, with not really the colors. But first, we have the nonlinear part. The NL thing is a nonlinear differential path that is hard to compute, but easy to satisfy, hard to find. And then we have a linear part that is mostly the real probabilistic cost of the attack will be in this area, so that's the L thing. And in the middle, we should have a blue thing, which is the accelerating techniques, which basically try to delay as much as possible the start of the probabilistic phase of the attack. You don't really need all of these details, but I will mention them because, well, next in a few slides, because that's all the steps you need to go through when you actually want to compute a collision. Okay, so if you've attended a crypto talk in the past decade, maybe you've already seen this picture because that's the structure of the one type attack from 2005, from Wang Yin and Yu. So nothing really new. And that's the attack they had at crypto 2005 that led to a theoretical attack with complexity equivalent to 2069 computation of Xiaowan. This was eventually improved. There was a lot of follow-up works. And in 2013, Stevens proposed another theoretical attack with theoretical complexity, 2261. So now what do you need to do if you want to compute your own Xiaowan collision? So first you pick colors of back, kind of. You first need to pick a linear path, which was the L thing, and that comes first in determining your attack parameters. Then once you set up on the linear path, you have to compute the non-linear path corresponding to this one for the first block, the one on the left. Once you have that, you can compute your accelerating techniques to try to make the attack as efficient as possible. And when you have everything, well, you can implement the attack. And at that point, you can just estimate quite precisely how long it will take you to compute a collision for the first block. So the first nice difference we wanted. Once you get one of these, you can go on to the second block and then you do the same. You don't have to pick the linear path anymore because it's going to be the same for the first block, but the rest is pretty similar. So you again have to compute a non-linear path, get accelerating techniques, and once everything is implemented, you can again compute the time it will take you to get the attack. So on that side, how do you do that? How do you get these estimates? The best way is, well, basically it was what I just said, you just implement the attack. Then you can measure the production rate of what we could partial solutions to that follow the differential path up to a point. So not up to the end, but up to, let's say, A56. And then you look at how many of these you generate per second. You can quite easily compute the probability that one of these extends to a full collision and so you multiply, well, not by the probability, but by the inverse probability. And that gives you a pretty good estimate of the time it will take you. So that's if you implement the attack. If you can't or won't, then you have some alternative that's not as good, but basically it says you that, well, everything up to A16 is free because you can use the freedom you have in the message. That's nice. And then afterwards, you just look at how many conditions you have in the differential path that you need to satisfy and how many free bits you get from the accelerating techniques if you have any. That should kind of cancel that leads you to some credit estimate of the critical step, which is where most of the work will be done. So everything below, you don't spend much time. Let's say at A22, you spend most of your time, then you look at the probability that it extends, blah, blah, blah. So that works kind of well, but not as much as implementing everything because, well, there are more assumptions behind. Okay, so that was for the recap. Now I will describe some of the steps that led to computing a full collision. And first, everything, well, not everything, but some of the things from 2005 to 2011. So the first non-trivial attack I could find or remember was in 2005 by BI Metal on 40 steps. And that was very efficient.  The same year in the paper from one detail where they had the theoretical attack, they also had a practical one on a reduced version on 58 steps, sort of 80, with complexity roughly two to the 33 Shawan computations. The year after, there was work by Ducanier and Reshberger and they extended it to 64 steps with roughly the same cost. So that was also quite nice. And the year after Reshberger et al extended to 70. And the same year, Jouan Perin to 70 with the decreased cost, so two to the 39 instead of two to the 44 for Reshberger et al. And then there was nothing for a few years. And in 2010 and 11, Grashnikov and Adinets had some improvements up to 75 steps with a quite huge cost increase. So two to the 57.7 for the latest version. So that was up to 2011, then there was nothing again for a few years. And in 2014, well, it was maybe time to just start working on the final push to the full collision. So that was some work with Tomah Perin, Mark Stevens. And because what there's a lot to do, the attack is bound to be very expensive, we wanted to warm up a bit. And to do this, we considered free start collisions. So I won't go much into detail of what a free start is. There'd just be a simple picture next to kind of explain it. But in principle, a free start attack is easier than a full hash attack. So then we hoped we could have a free start, full collision rather efficiently. But because there was no work on SHA-1 on free start collisions, well, it was not so clear. So there were some cryptanalytic work we needed to do. So that was also interesting. And the first step was to search for 76 step free start collision because that was the largest number step that was not attacked before. And that gave us also the opportunity to develop the GPU framework that we used in all of the subsequent attacks. So why a free start is useful? Oh, well, colors are not back, well, selectively. And so on the left, you'll have the structure for one type attack, which was the one I described before. So you start with the initial value, then you have the probability one free part, roughly equal to one with the accelerating techniques. And then you start the probabilistic phase with the low probability. And if you do free start, basically the idea is to say, well, you don't initialize right at the start. You do that in the middle. You kind of slide back everything so you delay the start of the probabilistic phase. That's expensive. And you don't really care so much about what happens in the idea anymore. So that's roughly the idea. And well, it worked quite well. In December 2014, we got what we wanted. So 76 step free start collision. And the cost of these was roughly two to the 50 shower and computations. So which was two to the 7.5 less than the 75 step real attack. So the free start was kind of useful. And to be more explicit what it means to do the 50 shower and computation, that's roughly four days on a high end GPU at the time. So that's not so expensive. If you have 3,000 Singaporean dollars, at the time you could buy a four GPU machine, then it's just one day. So that's pretty cheap. So okay, well, now we can try to get more power because 3,000 dollars, well, you can get more money, hopefully. And also, well, we reckoned that the full attack would be only 32 times more expensive, which is not so much, well, it's still manageable. Of course, that was maybe a bit optimistic, maybe. Well, it turned out it was. But anyway, even if it were not optimistic, as I said before, if you don't implement the attack, you never know for sure. I mean, it's really hard to have something that, well, up to a factor two, it doesn't seem a lot. I mean, it's a pretty good guess, but from a practical point of view, it's quite important because if the factor two gets you out of your resources, then you don't do anything anymore. So, well, the idea was then to buy more GPUs, like 64, and then we still need to develop the attack and I said, sadly, well, also that's easier to sell, but unfortunately, you cannot really carry out the attack. You cannot just take the code from 76 step, extend it to 80, that doesn't work. So, you'll have to do everything again. So, that was the cluster that was waiting in the office at the time in Singapore. You can guess that there was a FSC 2013 poster in the back advertisement a bit late, but... And so, those were the machines that we wanted to use and that we ended up using. And in September 2015, we got what we wanted at that time, which was a full practical attack, like full free start collision. So, not exactly the real thing, but the closest thing to the real thing. Again, with Steven Saint-Perrin. Didn't mention it before, but I should have. So, same team. And this time, so it was a bit more expensive due to the 57.5. And so, that's about 680 days on a single GPU, same as before, so a bit less than two years. And a 64 GPU cluster, that just 10 days, a bit more maybe. So, that's really manageable. And also, if you want to use, well, to buy this computing time on Amazon, and if you're a bit patient, if you just use the cheapest instances, that's only about 2,000 US dollars. So, that's an actually pretty cheap attack. If you could run it yourself, if you have 2,000 dollars to spend. So, this started having some impact, industrially speaking, because it was quite funny. At the time, we just really did attack, there was a ballot for the Certification Authority Browser Forum, where some of the industrials wanted to push issuing shower and certificates through 2016. And that was exactly at the time where we said, hey, we have this free start collision. And then, they read out that maybe it was not such a great idea, so the ballot was withdrawn. And also, some of the browsers, the major ones, for instance, Agent Firefox, Atissaino, Chrome, I'm not sure, already had planned to deprecate shower and to issue warnings of websites for using shower and certificates. But then, they kind of sped up things. So, it was nice. But some, in some other cases, shower and was still used, no issue whatsoever, for instance, you get, no problem. Okay, that's nice, but what if you try even more power? Because, well, what we want in the end is really just the actual hash function attack. So now, again, we can come up with a guess about how much more it will cost. So maybe 50 times more, kind of optimistic maybe. And again, it's hard to know before implementing. And even, what's even trickier in the case of the real attack is because we have two blocks. You cannot implement the second block before you already have the very expensive near collision of the first block. So you can implement the first block that will give you some idea. But if you don't run the computation until the end, you cannot implement the second block, so you don't really know what the real cost of the attack will be before you run it nearly up to the end. So then, what can we do? We can buy more GPUs, but, well, if you want 1,000 GPUs for academic, maybe it's a bit too much. So you can also get help, for instance, from companies that already have a lot of GPUs. Again, you have to develop the new attack, well, as before. And because it's also a nice, well, objective, we can add some cool exploitation features that for instance allow to these colliding PDFs I showed you at the first, that we didn't do for the free start. So, that was done in the context of a CWI Google collaboration. And then the steps that led to the attack are basically what I described before, except that now you have to start preparing, well, the prefix for the collision that is used for the exploitation. That has to be done before the computation starts. If you just do a real attack, you don't care, but now you do. And then you compute the first block collision. Actually, two of them were computed. Then you do compute the second block, and that's it. This time it costs, again, a bit more. So, two to the 63 equivalence R1 computations, roughly. Which was, at the same time, a bit more and a bit less than expected. A bit more, well, a bit less because we were a bit lucky. We found it a bit earlier than the estimates gave us, but the estimates were worse than what we expected. So, in terms of computation, that was 6,500 CPU a year, or core year, I think CPU a year. Plus 100 GPU a year. And don't be fooled, the 6,500 CPU a year is actually less computation than the 100 GPU. I mean, it takes more time, but it's just less efficient. And now, if you have 100,000 US dollars, you can also do that on Amazon. Actually, the second block. But, yeah. So, this, well, once we got it, it, again, had some impact. So, finally, it realized that maybe it was time to move away from Shaoan. We also unwittingly broke SVN. We didn't plan that. And also, well, there was further deprecation of Shaoan certificates. So, that was, well, kind of what you could expect. Okay, so now, I will finish with some words about measuring the complexity of such an attack to also put into a kind of new-end things when I said everything so far. I said, well, it's two to the 63 Shaoan computations, blah, blah, blah. What does it actually mean? And is that really meaningful? So, because I'm not sure, I don't know if all of you are entirely familiar with the way we usually measure complexity of attacks in symmetric key crypto. So, generic attacks are kind of easy. We just say, well, we have a generic birthday attack. We know that it takes about two to the end of our two computation to an oracle to get a collision. We know ways to efficiently implement the attack. For instance, you use, well, many parallel hardware to do that. That's quite well understood. But for a dedicated attack, well, it will precisely depend on the attack, and probably the best way is just to implement the attack measure the cost. So, for Shaoan, we could do that because we let the, we run the attack until the end. We can measure. But then, you need to express this cost in some kind of metric. And usually what's used is to say, well, you run the attack on this platform, these GPUs, that took so much time. And we just divide this time by the time it takes to compute the raw primitive on the same platform. So, and that's it. And the idea is, well, for instance, you say, well, the attack took two to the 63, well, a time equivalent to compute Shaoan two to the 63 times. You know that the generic attack is two to the 80. So, that gives you the gap between what would have been necessary to do just a generic attack, two to the 80 and two to the 63, which is what you did. So, and then you could say, well, that's more efficient. It is an attack because you gain some time. So, that's usually what we do. And for instance, just an example of this kind of computation for the 76 step example. So, I said before that it took about four days. You can measure that from the rate of production of A56 partial solutions. You measure the number of Shaoan computations you can do on this platform. It's two to the 31.8, so you multiply everything, you get two to the 50.3. Now, you can do the same computation again for CPUs, which we did at the time. And with the Haswell Core F5 reasonably efficient CPU, it takes 606 core days estimated to compute the attack. Now, you can compute two to the 23.5 Shaoan per second, and then you do the same computation and you get two to the 49.1. So, you get a gap of more than two between the two, and it's actually exactly the same attack. And from, well, if you want to sell the attack, it seems that running it at CPU is better because, oh, well, you get a more efficient attack, but actually GPU is much better, it takes less time, less energy, so there's no really point to do that. So, you can get some kind of discrepancy, and it's not only about comparing GPU to CPU, because, for instance, for the real attack, if you use GPUs, well, on different GPUs, it had different efficiencies if you measure with this kind of cost. Again, more than a factor of two between the most efficient, the K80, Tesla, and the GTX970. Of course, if you optimize code generally or for some specific platforms, these figures may change again. So, well, you could say that's not really an issue because, well, there are some gaps. We might not carry so much. We might, if the attack is really efficient, it is really expensive because, again, a gap of two or four can really make a difference between the amount of resources you need. But, also, what's kind of worse is that it's not only about CPUs and GPUs, but you can also look at how efficient the code is running, unfortunately, on FPGA or ASICs because they are very, for dedicated tasks, they will be quite fast, energy efficient, and in fact, for hash function collision, they are very well suited to generic attacks, but not really to dedicated ones. As far as I know, because the code is much more complex, you get a lot of branching of conditional things you need to do or not. So, then, if you want to do the generic attack, actually, you won't use a GPU, you will most likely use an ASIC, and when you are using the kind of cost function I mentioned, implicitly, you assume that you do the generic attack on the same platform you are using on your attacks, or CPU or GPU, but that's actually not true. So, it becomes less clear what the dedicated attack actually improves on. So, why don't you use a GPU for a generic attack on SHA-1? Let's see why. So, if you want to have a collision within one year to get to the 80 hash computation, you need about 12 million GPUs, and that's about 3.1 gigawatts of power for the entire year, if you are very optimistic about the cost of your infrastructure. And so, what's a gigawatt? Well, it's just so, if you want 3.1, you need maybe two or three nuclear power plants for an entire year just for the attack. So, that's quite a lot. And for an ASIC attacks, we're quite lucky with SHA-1 because we have this thing called Bitcoin, and they are using SHA-2, which is very close to SHA-1 in terms of resources for computation, and then you can use just the mining hardware, and which is kind of off the shelf, and assume that you will compute your attack with something that is similar, and that's, I believe, a very realistic assumption. And then for the same attack, you just need 3,000 devices, four megawatt of power, so if you have a large wind turbine and wind for one year, that's enough. And the first one, of course, is not really realistic even for a state actor. The second, I believe, is. I mean, I don't know if you have 20 million dollars, probably that's something you can do. So, yeah, we'll finish quickly. One way to take this kind of effect into account is to use another cost measure, which I call the fund calorie, which was introduced by Lenzreich, Lanyun, and Tommy, and the idea is to say, well, you have this attack, you take that much energy, how much, what's the volume of water you could boil with the same amount of energy? And for RSA 70, factorization of RSA 768 modulus, they say, well, it's two Olympic pool, which is quite a lot. So, those are some figures in terms of fund calorie. So, Sha zero collisions, I didn't say much about it, but, well, it's about boiling the water in a teaspoon, so that's not a lot. The 76 step free start is four showers, so it's shower security. The full free start is 100 shower security. The GPU part of the attack on Sha one was about pool security, so roughly the same as RSA 768. The first block, because it was done on CPU, it's less efficient, it's three pool security. Discrete log computation on 768 prime field is six pool security. And if you do this generic attack on ASICs using the estimate I showed, it's the 1,000 of the rain security. And in technical term, the rain security, the data lakes, the nurse life, dumping energy behooved to secure hate. So, in the end, we got this full GPU, well, if you do a full GPU, Sha one attack, it's about one pool security, which is this kind of order of magnitude, and it's still 100 times better than a generic attack on ASICs conjecturally. So, it's quite a meaningful gap, but it's less than this 100,000 gap you would guess from the typical estimates that we usually give. So, in conclusion, what you can do more about Sha one, if you have time, you can compute a chosen prefix collision, which would lead to even more exploitation, that would be nice. A collision for the combiner Sha one MD5, why not? Then SVN would not be confused as it was. And also, you can design a Sha one cryptocurrency and use the shiny hardware that people will develop to just do, have fun. And so, those are the papers for the free start and the full attack. The attack code is finally on GitHub. So, if you have, you can run it if you want to consider your own collisions. And then, if you want more details about the crypto side, there is a video of Mark's talk at crypto, and if you want more details about the exploitation side that I didn't say much about, you can look at the video of Endstock at Black Helps. That's it, thank you.


Γεια σας, είναι Vicky εδώ και καθώς ήρθατε back. Αυτή είναι part of a blog hoop, as we celebrate the May release by Simon Says Stump. So make sure to visit my blog, you will find there all the details about the giveaways and the rest of the stops on the blog hoop. Now today I will be using 3 products from the latest release. This is the Picking Daisy die. I will be using this die today to create 3 different cards in completely different styles and it's probably one of my favourites from this release. And here is another die set from this release, this is called Rounded Corner Rectangles and you can say it has rounded corners and 7 dies inside. This is one of those essential dies that you will be using again and again for your cards. And here is a big stamp set with many daisies, this is called Daisy Bouquet and it comes with lots of designs for you to colour and as well as many sentiments. For today I will be using only sentiments from this stamp set. So let's start with my 3 cards. I am going to secure both these dies, one inside the other and cut out a little panel and I absolutely love this detail of the flower picking out on the window. On the bottom of this panel I am going to stamp a sentiment that comes from the Daisy Bouquet stamp set. And I use the sentiment that says celebrating you today. I am going for an elegant look for this card. I have stamped it with VersaMarketing and boast it with white embossing powder. And you can just stick this panel on top of a card base and leave it simple. I decided to go with a shaker card so I used acetate and a foam tape all around. As my card base I am going to use this glitter paper, this is by Tonic Studios. I am going to add some of my crystal gems inside and then stick that panel on top. I press hard to make sure that I have a nice bonding with that foam tape. And now all I have to do is to stick this panel on a pre-folded standard card that's 4 ¼ x 5½. Now just because I have these rounded corners on my inside panel I decided to repeat that look on the outside edges and that's why I am using my corner chomper to do that. As a finishing touch I have a very thin thread which I am going to thread through that stem and tie a little bow.  I am going to call this card done, I love how elegant and simple looking it is and here is a close up photo. For the next card I am going to die cut 3 times the flower and this is going to give me a panel with 3 windows and I made sure that I was rotating the tie each time so they don't look identical. I am being very careful as I separate everything, this is a very delicate flower and you need to be really careful not to tear it off. Now I have some scrap pieces of cardstock in 3 different colors and I am going kind of rainbow order here, so yellow, green and blue. I am going to add all these circles at the back making sure that I cover up completely all those windows.  And since I am going this time for a very colorful and playful card I am going to add this on a orange panel So I have introduced one more color in this color combo and for some sparkle I am going to add clear crystal gems at the center of my flowers. Now all I need to do is to add the sentiment for that I am going to use this one which is from the Daisy's bouquet stamp set and I am going to stamp it in different areas with different colors. I try to find ink pads that match the colors of the cardstock and of course I need to do some masking so that I don't stamp everything at once. So I stamped the part that says love you with yellow now I am going to stamp the part that says more with green and finally I am going to end up the sentiment by stamping the last part that says each day with blue. And there are many different variations for this card you can also use pattern paper at the back instead of solid color cardstock or even ink up your own background.  If you don't have such a pattern paper you can always create your own colored cardstock by using your inks. So I am going to stick that down. Now of course to complete my card I need a sentiment for that I am going with the same sentiment as I used for the previous card. This time I am going to stamp it with VersaMarkink just below my window and I am going to apply two different colors of embossing powder. So I have looked through my stash for colors that match the colors of the pattern paper that I have at the back and I am going to try and not make things very neat so I don't mind if at some point these two embossing powders blend together. But of course you can go for a knitter look if you like Now the embossing patterns that I am using are quite chunky and also the black cardstock that I am using has a weave on top of it which means that I will not end up with a super smooth look on my letters but I really embrace that and I absolutely love the texture and the look that I got. And just for some fun I am going to stick that kind of offset on top of an orange panel. And here are some close up photos on the last card for today. So I hope you had fun and you got inspired to create different looks with just one tie that you have on your stash. Don't forget this is part of a blog hoop so make sure to visit my blog you will find there all the details about the giveaways. I hope you will all have a lovely weekend and I'll see you all next week.


I memorized the map and destroyed it. If you kill me, you'll never find the money. Have gone. Will travel. Starring Mr. John Daner as Paladin. San Francisco. 1875. The Carlton Hotel. Headquarters of the man called Paladin. What's all the excitement, Hey boy? Oh, Mr. Paladin, you in trouble with army? Trouble with the army? No. Oh, that's good. Why do you ask? Well, hey boy, hear Army Colonel ask for you downstairs. Hey boy thought maybe you and Trouble give you chance to get away. Oh, too late. Huh? That's Potter. Colonel Potter. Paladin. Well, Potter, what are you doing here? Good to see you. Last I heard of you, you were on the trail of those payroll bandits. What are you doing now? Hell, I'm still on their trail. That's why I've come to you. Three years and you still haven't caught them, huh? Well, come on in. Come on in. Thanks. I'll talk to you later, hey boy. Oh, you saw. Well, sit down, John. Have a cigar. Oh, thank you. Here. Well, you seem to have done all right, Paladin. Oh, I try. I just hope you're not so well off you can't use $500. I can always use $500, John. You want me to join the search, huh? We're getting close to him, Paladin. With your help, I think we can get him. How close are you? How much do you remember of the case? Well, let me think. It was a payroll for Fort Anderson. Two men made off with the money and they took how much was it? $80,000? $90,000. And there were three men in on it. Three? That's right. We discovered there was an army man involved. He did all the inside work. Didn't take as long to find him. Private by the name of Jim Griffin. We've been holding him in the prison at the Presidio. Money is not doing him much good, is it? No. No, but he never got his hands on it anyway. What makes you think so? This. What's that? We found it in his personal effects. It's a piece of a map. It indicates the position of the payroll money. And you think they buried it? Yes, yes. Jim Griffin's been in the hospital at the prison for the last six months. Part of that time he's been delirious. We've heard him mumbling about the map and from what we can gather he and the other two men made a pact to have somebody bury the money and draw up a map and apparently they divided the map into three pieces. Who buried the money? Well, we don't know, but whoever it was, they killed him. We learned that much from Griffin. He's also been talking about meeting the others on December 12th or it'll be too late. I see. Now, where do I fit in with your plans? Well, Jim Griffin died this morning. Oh. We want you to be Jim Griffin. What are you talking about, John? Here. Take a look at this tin type. I see. It's a picture of Griffin taken several years ago. This? Mm-hmm. This is Griffin? You look enough like him to be his twin paladin. I know what you're saying. Will you do it? Well, I don't know, John. This map gives no location. I wouldn't know where to start. Oh, we can help you there. Griffin has a girlfriend who's come to visit him three or four times. She probably knows where the meeting place is. And if she doesn't? Mm-hmm. Maybe the other two men will come looking for you. Like I said, there's a $500 reward providing, of course, that you get the proof on the other man and get the money back. How do you want the money start, John? Then you'll do it. I'll do it. Colonel Potter, shake hands with Jim Griffin. There's no doubt about it. Show business is the business of entertainment and performers are very far from being dull folk. And this is a matter you'll have a lot of fun verifying when The Mitch Miller Show brings sparkling show business chatter and personalities your way over these CBS radio stations. Give Mitch Miller and his show business guests a listen, and you'll prove it to yourself. You can be sure a very good time will be had by all, yourself included, when you get better acquainted with your favorite limelight personalities on The Mitch Miller Show. Three days later, I had become Jim Griffin. Colonel Potter gave me as much information as they had of the man's background, and I was dishonorably discharged from the Army. I even said goodbye to Griffin's old cellmates and to a man they accepted me. But the real test was to come with Anna Baker, Griffin's girlfriend. The Colonel's men had found out that she lived with her mother 15 miles from San Francisco. If I could get by the girl, I could get by anybody as Jim Griffin. Early one morning, I rode out there, and as I came into the yard, an old woman greeted me, followed by a flock of chickens she'd been feeding. Hello there. Yes? Uh, Mr. Baker, don't you know me? I know you. Uh, I've, uh... I've come to see Anna. She's not here.  Go on, I got work to do. Yeah! Uh, when will she be back? I don't know. Took a horse to be shod. Would you mind if I wait? Jim Griffin, you ain't welcome here. You've brought nothing but sorrow to us. Now, why don't you just ride out of Anna's life? I am leaving, Mr. Baker. I just wanted to say goodbye to Anna. Here she comes. Have your goodbye and be done with her. Jim! Hello, Anna.  They wouldn't let me see you. They said you didn't know when... when I could see you. What's the matter? Why are you looking at me that way? You've, uh... You've changed, Jim. Yeah, well, prison does things to a man. Ask me. It ain't done enough to you. Your mother, please. You should have killed her. Jim, are you... you out of the Army now? Yeah, I'm out all right. For good, Anna. Wiley Carson was by a day before yesterday. Wiley? Yes, he said I was to see you. They wouldn't let me in at the prison. He said I was to get something from you. Oh, what? You know, the piece of map. Have you got it? Wiley said maybe you'd give it to me.  Did he say where? The Blue Nose Saloon in Johnson City. But you have to hurry. Yeah. Will you... will you come back this way, Jim? You know I will, Anna. It's a promise? It's a promise. Good luck. Bye. Wiley consisted of a main street, some 20-odd houses in the Blue Nose Saloon. There, I waited for Wiley Carson. I didn't know what he looked like, but I sat at a table where I could see anyone who entered, and they could see me.  Drink, mister. Ah, well, yeah, fine, all right. Right away. I say now it ain't none of my business, but are you waiting for somebody? You're right. It isn't any of your business. No offense, mister. Just that I don't remember seeing you before. I've been sitting here for two days now. You just passing through? Maybe, maybe not.  Hey, bartender, how about a drink? Coming right away, mister. I think I'll just... Well, looky here. But ain't there's a light of the army, Jim Griffin. Hello, Wiley. Bartender, you can bring my drink over here. Yes, sir. This is a surprise. Didn't think they'd ever let you out. I was expecting Anna. I decided to come myself. You look different, Jim. Had prison done things to you.  You hear courtesy of the warden? Yeah. Discharge, huh? Dishonorable. Sounds like maybe they'd know we was to have a meeting. What are you trying to say, Wiley? I'm saying maybe you're working for the army now. Maybe a couple of years in prison and they got you to... Yeah, you listen to me, Carson. I spent two years in a rotten, stinking hole. Just dreaming of the time when we can get that money. I was wrong, Jim. That prison made you meaner than ever. Yeah, well... You just remember that, Wiley. I remember, Jim. Are you two friends ready for your drinks now? Just set them down. Yes, sir. You, uh...  I've got it. Let's see it. I said I've got it. All right, all right. Don't get hard about it. Now, you've been outside. What are the plans now? Same as I were three years ago. All right. We meet Jake tomorrow at the cabinet hard rock. Just like we agreed, Jim. We better get started, drink up. Mm-wee. Stuff so bad, better take a couple of bottles with us. Yeah, well, suit yourself. Yeah, you ain't the old Jim, I remember. The old days, you'd have wanted to bring a bottle yourself. Hey, listen to me, Wiley. There's only one thing I want. I've been waiting three years for that money. Jim, we all have been waiting. Serving time? When it's stinking two by four, sell? I'll get me a bottle. We'll go right now, Jim. Hard rock was 60 miles from Johnson City. The most direct route ran through a series of grassy plateaus that finally tapered out into high desert country. I knew that land like the back of my hand, so I knew the easiest way to get there. Wiley and I didn't talk much. I preferred not to. Toward sundown that day, he began to try to steer me away from the best route, but I stuck to my guns. I was soon to get to the bottom of the desert. I didn't know what to do. I stuck to my guns. I was soon to find out the reason for his actions. You're getting off the trail, Jim. No, I'm not. This is the best way, and you know it. I think we ought to be adding more into them hills. No, this is the way. Sure you don't want to drink, Jim? Nope. And I'll have one. Oh boy. This stuff's beginning to taste better the farther we get from town. Hey, wait a minute. Look over there. Where? I don't see nothing. No, over that way. The horse, all saddled. Just standing there. Oh yeah, I see it. Come on. Wiley, there's somebody on the ground. So there is. The heat must have gotten them. Yeah, they heat. This man's been shot. Wiley, give me a hand. Stand where you are, mister. What are you doing? Put that gun away. Who are you? What's the matter with you, Wiley? Throw down your gun. Why? Because that ain't no man lying there. That's Jake, the one we're supposed to meet. You didn't recognize him. Now that gun, throw it down easy like. We're gonna have ourselves a little talk.  Just like I'd done to Jake.  You're right. Then what's wrong with you? I've had a nagging backache lately with sleepless nights. Makes me feel worn out. Then why not do something about it? But what? I tried Dones pills. Good advice. That's Dones pills, an analgesic and mild diuretic to the kidneys. Nagging backache, also headache, dizziness and muscular aches and pains, may come on with overexertion, often the answer. And they also offer mild diuretic action through the kidneys. So if nagging backache is making you feel worn out, tired and miserable, with restless sleepless nights, don't wait. Try Dones pills. Used successfully by millions for over 60 years. See if they don't bring you the same welcome relief. Get Dones pills today to save money by Dones big economy size. All right, that's far enough. Sit down right here. I'm gonna find out who you really are. You sure had me fooled, mister. You're enough like Jim to be his twin. So you killed Jake to get his piece of the map, is that it? I'll ask the questions.  Talk, mister. Who are you? That's my business. I'll make you talk. I'll hand over that map. I haven't got it. I guess you think I'm fooling. I told you I haven't got it. It'll be awful easy for me to kill you, mister, and then take it. I wouldn't do you any good. I memorized it. Threw it away.  Let's go. Call it.  No, I... No. No, I didn't think so. We gotta get that money. All right, then you should show me the pieces of map you have and I can take us to it. I guess I'm gonna have to trust you, mister. I guess you aren't that, Wiley. It should be here, Wiley. Unless... Unless what? Yeah. Well, unless somebody got to it before we did. And keep digging. Yeah, there's something here. You sure? Yeah. That's it. That's the box it was in. Why, give me your hand. Dig it out. Oh, dear, no, I... Yeah, it's too heavy for me. Will you give me your hand? But I'll be holding this gun on you. Don't try nothing. Why, you... Maybe not you give me that gun. Wiley. Wiley, why are you asked for it? Turn around, mister. Huh? Anna. Drop the gun. Anna. Why are you doing this? I've come for Billy's money. Billy? My brother Billy. Open that box. You're making a mistake. Open it! You didn't really think you could fool a man's woman, did you? No, I guess not. Now the money's here. Hand me $5,000. Why $5,000? That's what they promised Billy. They got him to bury the money, draw the map. Then they put a bullet through his head. He was only 16. I didn't know that. Who are you? Doesn't matter. Here's your $5,000. Now, where's Jim Griffin? He's dead. Dead? He died in prison. Jim? No. No. You loved him, didn't you? We were...  He was gonna work hard. Make something of himself an army. And he... He heard about this payroll. Something happened to him. He had to have that money. Jim planned the whole thing. And it... It changed him. I... I guess... I guess it changed all of us. Do you really want this money? No. Not now. I'll take the rifle, Anna. Colonel Miss Wong. Miss Apollodon. How are you this morning? I'm fine, Miss Apollodon. Did Army officer find you last night? Colonel Potter? Yes, he did. He took me out to dinner. He bought me lots of brandy. He gave me $500. That's... Miss Wong, what's the matter with you? Oh, well, for goodness sakes, what did you say? Hey, boy, is wedding ring like eternity? Eternity? Eternity. Miss Wong says you not know. Then what did he say? Hey, boy, say... Because it has no beginning. No. He's too... He say that and laugh. Well, I know. That's only a riddle. Riddle? Was he riddle, Miss Apollodon? Well, um... They saw. Um, a riddle is... Well, that's when you ask a question and... and... and... give a silly answer. No, no. Hey, boy, wasn't making fun of marriage. You sure? Thank you, Miss Apollodon. You shouldn't take Hey Boy so seriously. You just remember that. This is Hugh Douglas inviting you to join us again next week when CBS Radio presents Have Gun. We'll travel.


The fruiting bodies and mycelial cultures of Lytiporus sulferius have been found to possess a range of therapeutic effects, including antimicrobial, anti-cancer, cytotoxic, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity. While only a few wood decay fungi are currently used in medicine, further research on the effectiveness and safety of extracts and compounds from natural sources, such as fungi, is important to fully realize their potential for medical applications. This article was authored by Katarzyna Solkowska-Ziaja, Bozina Masinska, Alitia Gowalska, and others.