I'm Grace Lottig and this is Educating Ourselves in These Difficult Times on ThinkTech Hawaii. I am a communications major at Hawaii Pacific University and intern here at ThinkTech. In my series, I cover the unique challenges presented by coronavirus and how it has impacted education. In today's episode, we will be shedding light on the challenges of being an educator during the coronavirus pandemic, the shift of a secondary school classroom experience to an online setting, and the impact of the pandemic on hallmark high school social events such as prom, senior theses, sporting events, and graduation. Today, my special guest is Mrs. Eileen Keane, Humanities Teacher and Drama Director at a small private school in Kailua. She will give her role as an educator and give us an inside look on what secondary school education looks like today during a pandemic. Thank you for being a guest on my show today, Mrs. Keane. I'm so happy to be here. It's a pleasure to have you. So to start off our discussion for today, could you tell us a little bit about your educational background and the school that you currently teach at just to give some context for our viewers today? Absolutely. I've been teaching in Hawaii for over 10 years. I've taught for the DOE, both in a regular high school on the Woodward side and also at a reform school. For the last six years, I've been at a small private Christian school on the Woodward side. It's a really beautiful school with great families and great kids, a real close knit group of people. We're a classical Christian school with small class sizes and we put a lot of our heart into not only our classes, but our extracurricular activities. It definitely sounds like a very well-balanced school. I'd like to get some insight today on how the coronavirus pendentator. To just give us a framework, could you let us know what subjects you're currently teaching and how many classes you're teaching? Sure. I think I have about five classes. It gets a little mixed up because we have clubs and extracurriculars. I teach seven through 12th grades. I have humanities classes, which are a combination of English and history. I also have the drama club. We normally do two shows every year, one spring and one in the fall. I teach writing classes. This year I have 10th, 11th, and 12th grade writing. The senior rhetoric class, as it's called, focuses on a senior thesis, which is a 20-minute memorized presentation. It's controversial and then the students actually defend their thesis with 20 minutes of Q&A after that. That's normally the big culminating experience of our seniors' experience at our school. We also have houses. It's sort of like Harry Potter. I've been a house dean for six years. I love my house. I'm a little biased, but I think we have the best one. Let's see. I teach seven through 12th grade in our secondary and mostly English-related classes. Overall, with our current shift from a classroom setting to an online setting, what types of platforms are you currently using to teach your classes? We are still having classes. We actually started right away. We didn't have an extended break or anything like that. We meet with our students via an online platform. We're using Microsoft repair service teams. It's okay. I've tried using Zoom. I've tried using Teams. It's not the same as meeting in class. It's a little harder to motivate students. You're not in the room. You can't sit down next to them and help them work out a problem or write something down a different way for them on the board. There's definitely a learning curve in teaching online. I know that some teachers are amazing at teaching online. As a passionate classroom teacher, I find it honestly difficult. The connection is not there in the same way. I'm reaching out to students. I can schedule teams meetings and I can do the teams chat. But it's really different online than it is in person or than it was in person. All of our classes are online. We do not meet with our students at all. Unfortunately, spring sports had to be cancelled. Also, the spring play had to be cancelled. Most of our major wonderful events that we really enjoy at the end of the year, including dances, were all shut down because it was deemed unsafe, of course, to meet in person. There's no exchange of work physically. There's no physical interaction. Students turn in their work online. Students receive their assignments online. They are still actually doing assignments. We're reading plays together. They're writing papers. I'm grading their papers and giving them feedback. They are still working. I think the biggest change is definitely with senior thesis, where normally right now in the year, we would be having daily live practice sessions, daily live Q&A practice sessions. Of course, we can't do that. The students are actually sending me videos, three videos a week of their speeches. It's really different practicing in your living room to stuffed animals or your dog compared to practicing in front of your class and other classes and other teachers and getting their feedback. It definitely has been a huge change, not only at the educational level, but just for our social events as well, whether it be for senior thesis or sporting events or prom or graduation, for example. You mentioned that one of the biggest challenges of the shift to an online setting was just feeling that loss of passion and excitement of being in the classroom and having a harder time to motivate students. In what ways have you been trying to continue to inquire for your students that may be struggling during this time? Sure. In seventh grade right now, we're reading Julius Caesar by Shakespeare and I happen to love Shakespeare. I try to be as energetic and involved as I can through the camera. It's a whole different format than in class teaching. I tend to be pretty energetic as a teacher, so I try to communicate that through my computer camera. I send jokes through our teams groups and memes. The other day, I was looking at old yearbooks with my daughter and I found pictures of our seniors as eighth graders and sent some of those through teams. I do check in with students quote-unquote one-on-one, so I'll send them messages through teams and say, hey, how are you doing? If you need help on this assignment, let me know. I'm happy to work with you on it. I do try and check in as much as possible and then not all the time because it would take up a whole class, but pretty often we'll check in and I'll literally go down the roll and ask, how are you doing? How did you find this assignment? Are you struggling with this? Do you have any questions about this? What hobbies are you taking up? Do you have a sourdough starter? Are you growing things in your garden? How's your dog? I'll ask about their lives and their other activities. Also, to be honest, I'm commiserating with some students. Our spring play was cancelled and we worked really hard on it. It's actually our school's very first musical. I do work at a smaller school and we have focused on straight plays and more classical pieces. So this is our first musical and the kids have been singing and dancing. I've made them learn the waltz, the polka, a polonaise, etc. Huge, beautiful costumes that people were fitted in and, you know, I've been sewing for hours. So normally you perform the play. Everyone gets flowers and you're sad it's over, but there's this huge sense of accomplishment. So, you know, same thing with sports. Everyone is feeling this huge loss where it's over, yet you didn't get to experience doing it. So there is this really empty hollow sort of ending feeling and I feel that too. So just validating the students' feelings, telling them I understand, encouraging them to find healthy ways to deal with their emotions and move forward. That's what I'm trying my best to do. I think that's amazing that you're definitely trying to reassure and comfort and check in with your students during this really challenging time. I think that students definitely feel more safe and feel a little more comfortable when they feel like they have someone that genuinely cares about them and is regularly checking in on them. You mentioned that the extracurricular realm for the secondary school has changed drastically. As the drama director, what is for the musical? Are you guys going to conduct it online instead? Is it going to be delayed for a future semester perhaps? So unfortunately, I don't think we're going to delay it for a future semester simply because several students are moving. We do have a decent number of military families and so at least two of our cast members are moving to different states with military moves. And then for fairness, you can't really do the play and only recast two roles. You'd have to recast the whole thing. Then how do you motivate students who already know their lines to put in all their energy when the new cast members are learning it from scratch? It's very possible that we could do it a few years from now. For example, we did The Importance of Being Ernest twice in five years. It's a beautiful play. It's actually a retelling of Cinderella called The Slipper and the Rose. It's written by the same people who wrote Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, which is a very family friendly, funny musical from back in the day. So I would love to do it in future years. I don't think we'll do it in the future. We've talked about the possibility of filming it and doing some sort of Brady Bunch intro style Zoom recording. But to be completely frank, we don't have an audio visual class that has that skill set to really produce that. So unfortunately, along with many other schools in the nation, our spring play is canceled, which is pretty heartbreaking. Sports have also just been canceled. I know that our athletic director is so supportive of our athletes and very passionate about her wonderful program. So she's still working hard to make the second semester special for her athletes, but can't have the games and the tournament and all that. So unfortunately, with extracurriculars, it's canceled. Speech and debate also canceled. Lots of students pour their hearts and soul into speech and debate work so hard on whatever sections they enter. And I have students who have done speech and debate for years and absolutely love it, states version of it, and it was just done. It's definitely difficult because I feel as though these Hallmark extracurricular activities definitely are the highlight of high school for so many students. Overall, what would you say that this shift to online learning has revealed to us about what high school students are really getting out of their education, both social and within the classroom? Well, I hate to say I'm right about something, but I've always said that in high school, at least 50% of it is social and 50% is academic. And I think that's really true. Even students who, in the past, complained a lot about school are missing school and they're missing their friends, they're missing the interactions. They're also missing the learning environment. And a lot of schools work so hard to provide a wonderful learning environment and learning opportunities. So aside from health and safety, which is a major issue for people across the state, there are students who don't get hot meals outside of school. There are students who are unsafe in their homes. And that's a huge issue. The learning environment is really missed. And I think students really are seeing that they miss the organization and the structure of school. I'm missing that too personally. I enjoy the structure of school. So yeah, we're missing our regularly scheduled activities. And even the things that we didn't appreciate so much before, maybe like school assemblies that were mandatory, we're now missing that and realizing how much we did get out of those things. Hopefully we'll come out of this all being not as whiny and more appreciative, more appreciative of every hug of every handshake. I hope we'll all be better hand washers. Honestly, I mean, year after year working in a school, kids are covered in everything.  And so I'm always saying, wash your hands or wipe down the room with Lysol. Because flu season happens every year, COVID or not. So I do hope that we'll all be safe, but also will be less whiny about the mandatory things that we have to do and just appreciate our schools and our teachers, our administrators, all the work that they do to give us a safe and supportive learning environment that I think most of us really miss right now. So in a moment, actually, Mrs. Keene, we will be taking a short break. I definitely like to continue our discussion about facilitating a better learning environment for an online setting after our commercial break. Again, I'm Grace Lottick and you are watching Educating Ourselves in These Difficult Times on Think Tech Hawaii with my special guest, Eileen Keene. We will be back shortly. Aloha, my name is Duration. I'm the host of Finding Our Future here on Think Tech Hawaii. I'm here every other Tuesday from 1 to 1.30 p.m. Here on this show, I cover issues around sustainability, you know, global issues that matter for young people for future generations, and other social justice issues. So please join us. It's live streamed on Think Tech Hawaii and also uploaded on YouTube. Welcome back to Educating Ourselves in These Difficult Times with my guest, Mrs. Eileen Keene. Humanities teacher and drama director at a small private school in Kailua. Prior to your discussion, prior to the break, we were talking about how online learning definitely does have a different feel than the classroom. So in what ways have you been trying to instill a more healthy or formal learning environment with the shift to an online setting? A lot of students will have technical difficulties and you can't really hold, it's hard to hold them accountable for things like working microphones and working cameras. So maybe they had a working camera when we started at home learning, but maybe it broke since then. Obviously families are having difficult times. I know that the Department of Education is working really hard to make sure that all students have access to adequate electronic support for online learning, but it's really difficult. There's parts of some islands that don't have very good internet connections. So it's really difficult. With those who are able to log in regularly and have a good Wi-Fi connection, I try to make sure that I call on students regularly, encourage them to follow along. I try to stay really positive. I don't think this is a time for threatening students with grades or harsher techniques of trying to get them to focus. I think it's definitely a time for understanding management and a bit of commiseration. So just trying to keep it positive and engaging and interesting and making sure that I regularly call on every student so that they know that I'm listening for their responses and checking on their responses. I think that's important. Different platforms that allow us to see all our students at one time, I think are much more helpful than platforms that limit the number of feeds you can receive. There are some platforms where you can only see maybe four students at once, and it's not as conducive to us making sure that students are following along and paying attention. I do think the major challenge is students having adequate supplies and materials like microphone, cameras, and Wi-Fi because without that, how can they join an online class successfully? In the event that students don't have these adequate resources, have there been any instances where you've had to make modifications to assignments or projects or perhaps the way in which you're grading students during this time? Well, grading is definitely being done with a lot of grace and understanding. So things like penalties for late work, especially if there's a technological issue, that I think it's safe to say is mostly being waived by most teachers at most schools. Of course, I don't speak for everyone, but I think that's one thing that people will be pretty easy on. In terms of adjustments, so our students all have a school email. If for some reason they're not able to use Teams or something that isn't working, we're able to email assignments to them once again, that relies on Wi-Fi. So we can, if we absolutely need to resort to things other than Teams, like email, like using the phone. I've spoken to parents and relayed assignments to parents. I have emailed assignments. I've received assignments through email instead of Teams. I've spoken via FaceTime instead of Teams to students who needed help navigating the Teams system through one platform, just for continuity, but it's not always possible. So I think that most teachers in this case, and I know lots of teachers at other schools who are just really doing the best they can to reach their students, and they might have to try a few alternate methods to get there. So definitely talking on the phone with parents has been helpful. We're just doing the best we can to get what the kid needs, where it needs to be. I've driven to students' houses and dropped books off in their driveways, maintaining social distancing, of course, just to make sure that they have their materials. So I think that stuff like that is pretty common. You're seeing stuff on Facebook where teachers are driving by students' houses and wishing them happy birthday and just doing what they can to show that they're still connected and still care. Wow, that's definitely impressive. And I think that that really shows that teachers really do impact students, not just within the classroom, but teachers can definitely act as life mentors as well. I had no idea that teachers were actually going around to students' houses, like dropping them, but I know that as a high school student, I definitely would have appreciated having that kind of support during a time like this. Has the school that you work at given you any time frame of when we're going to resume to going back to normal classes? Does your school have a summer school program perhaps that may be converted to an online format? Well, I know that schools have to follow safety regulations because, of course, the health and safety of students and faculty and staff are the primary concern for everybody. Also, I should say I'm not administration, so I do not have any role in decision making for my school. I can just reply as a teacher. So as far as I know, because the State Home Order in Hawaii has been extended through the end of May, we as in the faculty and students are not returning to school this school year. There will be a pick up date for year books, stuff like that, but that will follow social distancing guidelines, be managed in a safe way, and will not have a swarm of people or students at the school at all. To my understanding, summer school may still run if it is deemed safe to do so, and the school needs to wait for guidelines and regulations from the government before they can make those calls. I was looking at art classes at the Honolulu Museum of Art for my daughter and other summer school programs where it seems like ones that are in June are planning to go on as scheduled, but that ones in July are planning to go on as scheduled, but ones in June are sort of on hold. And I think that that's not because of the individual organizations, but more because they have to wait and see what happens in terms of health globally and in the state. For our final leg of the show, I'd like to focus more on the social events and the future of high school students beyond this pandemic. Hence, for high school students are prom and graduation. How are these activities being conducted at your school? The truth is we don't know yet. We do have a smaller private school, so I know that if we are able to do something in a safe manner where social distancing is respected and health and safety is not, you know, risked in any way for our students, if that is possible, the school would really like to celebrate and honor our seniors. The seniors have worked very hard just like seniors across the state and across the nation, across the world. This is such a weird situation where really every answer is a global question and global answer. So because we have very small classes at our school, it might be possible for us to do some sort of celebration for graduation, but I know that the administration is looking at possibilities and will definitely consider health and safety for some foremost. If we can't do something live, I don't know what we're going to do, but I know they will do something, whether it's through email or Facebook or YouTube. I'm not sure what, but I know that our school will celebrate our seniors. I'm not sure how yet. That's still being examined and discussed. That definitely is frustrating not being able to have the ultimate culminating experience for your high school graduation, but I think it's definitely amazing how schools have been getting creative about ways to accommodate and still manage to have seniors have their own special celebration day. So looking towards the future, especially for the class of 2020, how have you seen that the pandemic has affected perhaps college decisions or what students' plans are for the upcoming semesters? Well, a lot of parents are wondering if they want to pay out of state tuition if their students will have online classes. This question a lot from parents, what's the point? And I've never lived through this type of situation, so I honestly don't have an answer. I have worked at universities and I went to universities. I really loved my college experience. I always encourage my students to attend college if it fits with their goals and ideals. I don't know if I can say that you should pay out of state tuition for online classes. My daughter is in middle school, so I'm not yet in a place where I need to consider the price of out of state tuition personally, but I know it's really expensive in state tuition is expensive. I'm an extrovert and I prefer in-person classes. I really loved the classes that I took in college and I had a mentor. I had teachers that I adored and I learned so much. I can't imagine having that same experience online is amazing online. Personally, the in-class experience was so meaningful to me. My seniors have already made their decisions. They've chosen their schools, they've been accepted, most had several choices and they've made their decisions and they're waiting for information from their schools telling them when they're moving. To my understanding, none of my seniors have chosen not to go to a school because of COVID, but some schools I've heard are discussing some universities and colleges are talking about not having live classes in fall. Because so much is in the air, I know that parents and students are anxiously awaiting decisions from colleges and universities across the country. I know that the college national deadline used to be set for May 1st, but in light of the pandemic, has the deadline been altered for some universities to allow students to have more time to make a decision? The truth is I'm not too sure. I've heard that for some, but I don't know how many or in which states. I'm sure it varies per institution. Overall, what do you think that the future will look like beyond this pandemic for education? Can you perhaps think of any areas in which education may be significantly altered? Well, I think that schools are going to have to have this plan be, hopefully we don't have a situation again and hopefully it can end and we can go back to school as usual in the fall. But I think it would be very short-sighted for any school to think that this will never happen again. So schools are learning that they have to have a plan in place for technology. As we think of equity of learning, we say that every student deserves a fair and equal education, but now we really have to support that. So students with IEPs, with learning differences who need different types of assistance for a fair and equal education, we have to see how can we actually support the internet or their microphone breaks. If we're going to hold them accountable for the learning and for demonstrating their learning, then we need to make sure that they have the materials that they need. So I think that a lot of big questions, especially about inequity, have come to light because of the situation in private schools and in the DOE across the nation. So I'm glad that those issues have come to light and hopefully there will be more equity for more students. I think it's not an easy issue to solve and it'll take some time. I think there's definitely much to be learned during this pandemic, both for educators and for the students themselves, but I'm confident that as we continue into the future, we definitely will be able to achieve a new normal once more. This actually wraps up the final segment for our show, but I just wanted to thank you again, Mrs. Keane, and thank you for watching Think Tech Hawaii. It was a pleasure to have you as a guest on my show today. Thank you so much for having me. I appreciate it. Thank you, Mrs. Keane. We had challenges presented by coronavirus for educators and that we gave you a better understanding of the experiences of teachers and high school students during this challenging time. Again, I'm Grace Loddick and you're watching Think Tech Hawaii. Thank you.


Alright guys, welcome to 2020. Welcome to our very first episode of the TMJ show. I'm super excited to have you guys here as the new podcast for the MD journey. Now, if you're unfamiliar with what the MD journey is, quick introduction. My name is Luxe. I am currently an internal medicine resident, and my goal has been to do one thing and one thing only over the last three years. And that's to help people through my own experiences succeed on their medical journey with less stress. So if that message resonates with you, then make sure regardless of where you're listening, you go ahead and subscribe and download these podcasts for a weekly basis. If you're watching this on a YouTube version in a video format, then make sure you subscribe to the channel. I'm super excited to finally launch the TMJ show. It's just been an idea of mine to do a podcast for the MD journey for the longest time. And we're finally committing to it to bring you guys weekly content and advice for your medical journey. So make sure you subscribe and download. And speaking of value, I thought it would be a good idea to start the TMJ show with really the piece of content that got the whole MD journey show rolling. That's the very first blog post I wrote on five ways to succeed in medical school. Now these are tips that I wrote when I was a second year medical student. And honestly, most of those tips still apply today, but I'll be making sure to throw in my two cents since I've now graduated. And before we begin, I want to mention that today's episode of the TMJ show is brought to you by my nine step how to study course. This is a free step by step over my shoulder course. You can see how I studied in medical school to become super efficient. This is a technique that I've kind of mastered and developed over the years. So if you're struggling on how to study, you want a new innovative way, then you guys can check that out. They'll be either in the show notes or the descriptions depending on where you're watching, but let's get into it. Now advice number one to become a successful medical student is that you need to always remind yourself of your priorities. When you start medical school, there is an individual who did certain things. There are hobbies you had, people you hung out with, things you love to do. And for some reason, it's natural for us to feel like we have to sacrifice those things because we're a medical student. That's absolutely not true. In fact, holding on to those things as best as you can really makes your medical school experience whole. I'll give you guys a quick example. When I went to grade school, when I went to university, I stayed at home because they were closed by. But then when I started medical school, I had to move to a completely different city away from a significant other and away from my family. And so for me, it was a complete shock to what I knew on a day-to-day basis. My family was still a priority to me. So to make sure that the medical school experience didn't take that away, I made sure I did daily things.  So those kinds of things definitely made my day feel like it were natural, not different because suddenly I become a medical student. The same thing goes for working out, watching certain TV shows. I made sure that certain elements of my previous life were still part of my new life as a medical student. And that brings us to tip number two, which is to fit in those priorities.  Now, I know most med students have a tough time with this. They think that they need to fill all their hours to study because they think they need it. But in all honesty, you actually need those priorities more than you need an extra hour of studying. You're going to benefit more if every single day you have certain hours, 30 minutes, whatever may be blocked off for the things that make you you, such as working out, watching certain TV shows, hanging out the people you enjoy, and sporadically spreading them out throughout the week and month to make sure that medical school has consumed you. And then you can use the remaining time to study that's going to force you to be more efficient. And that's also going to make sure that the parts of you that matter the most are still there. Now, before we get to tip number three, I want to quickly remind you that if you're watching this on YouTube, to go ahead and find that like button and destroy it, and then go ahead and subscribe to the channel to help this video as well as this channel get in the front of more people. Now, tip number three comes from the idea of people who ask a question from the previous tip, which is, if I fit in more of my priorities, how then can I be more efficient as a medical student? And this comes by applying Parkinson's law effectively. Now, Parkinson's law basically says that work will fill the time that you allocate to it. So if you give yourself five hours to do something, it's going to take you five hours. But instead, if you give yourself three and a half, you're going to instead find those things that typically would have added to your five hours, but really are necessary. And this goes for your studying. So once you start medical school, get in a groove initially and then ask yourself how much am I typically studying in what are my results and then ask yourself, what can I do to limit how much time I'm spending and still get the same results and ideally work on improving the results you're getting. I did this in medical school, and that's basically what led to what's now the technique that I teach and the free nine step how to study course for medical school. So make sure you guys check that out. But regardless, figure out what works for you. Take out the little bits of pieces that are more excessive and you're doing just because you think you do. And it truly will help you one, have more free time and two, have more free time to do those initial priorities that we've talked about. So advice number four, guys, and I really want you to listen up because this is coming from the perspective of somebody who recently graduated medical school and that is medical school can be both successful and enjoyable if you think at it through one perspective. That is to imagine every experience you have, good and bad in the form as if you have to give advice to somebody who's one day going to be in your shoes. I know it's a long winded way of basically saying every time you have an experience, a bad test, bad rotation, tough lecture, tough class, it's natural for us to complain. But you always will be able to find the silver lining if you imagine that one day somebody is going to be that same experience and ask advice from you. I noticed this when I created the MD journey that I always looked at things differently because I knew I would one day be giving it in the form of advice through a blog post or YouTube video and now a podcast. And so I realized that one, my mindset changed because everything wasn't as bad anymore. And I was always able to find those two or three nuggets I could take away to obviously help you guys, somebody else and gets one day going to be in your shoes, but also help me when I was again found myself in that situation. So you can be some successful if you look at everything as if you had to give it an advice. Things aren't as bad anymore. The good things are amazing. And really you can use that to propel yourself forward and remain motivated. And finally guys, tip number five. And this is something that's completely transformed my life honestly. And that's waking up an hour or two earlier than you're supposed to. I know I'm already hearing the groans across the side of the camera or if you're listening in your car. But waking up early, hear me out. Initially my wake up time was around seven, you know, lecture started at around eight or nine. So I wasn't by any means a late riser. But one thing that I hated is realizing that as soon as it got up, got ready, it was already time to go to school. And then I was at that point on somebody else's clock. It was basically a medical student from the time I woke up. And basically felt like I was going to bed as a medical student through late hours of studying. Now waking up early allowed me to do a few things. That includes working on projects like the MD journey or my personal well-being such as working out or reading books, which I otherwise wouldn't have the time to do. But some days, you know, my personal well-being may just be I have a long test coming up this week and versus me trying to stay up to late hours, which is not well suited for my style of learning. I rather do the things that are going to give me motivated to start my studying such as flashcards, doing practice questions. Those are things that I can easily do. They may be different for you. But doing those initially in the day, because then by the time that it's like six or seven, where I'm typically would be studying, I can then use that time to take a break, work on my well-being or just sleep early. Sometimes that's the option I took. So waking up an hour or two early, you don't have to do it every day. But making that a habit can definitely make you more productive, more efficient and give yourself more time later on where everyone else is working to focus on the things that matter to you most. But those guys were my five tips on how to succeed in medical school. Hopefully you've enjoyed it. Hopefully you guys enjoyed this very first episode of the TMJ show. I'm super excited to get this going on a weekly basis. And before you click off listening to this podcast and go to another episode, quick reminder that this podcast will only reach more people by your help. I need your feedback. I need your input. I need your review. So if you can help me out and I'll show you how I can help you out in a second, go ahead and find your favorite podcast platform that may be iTunes and maybe Spotify and maybe Google and leave an honest review. It doesn't have to be a five-star review, although your boy's not going to complain if that's what you did. And at the end of every week to help encourage more feedback, we're going to find people who left those reviews and go ahead and select one lucky winner each week to win either a free book or a video course from our website. So again, go ahead and leave your feedback and each and every week you will be in there running as long as you do it just once. If you're watching this on YouTube and you still want to be entered for a weekly giveaway, then make sure you subscribe to the channel. You like this video and go ahead and leave a comment saying either the empty journey or leave a question that you would like to have for future TMJ episodes that may be an interview request or a topic you want me to cover. But I'm going to stop babbling. Thank you guys so much for listening to this very first episode. And just make sure that if you guys are interested in learning more tricks and tips on how to study well, then check out that nine-part study course that I've created absolutely free for you guys, which will be in the show notes of the podcast in the description in YouTube. But thank you guys so much for letting me be a part of your journey. Hopefully, hopefully, I've been a little help to you on yours and I'll see you guys in the next one. Peace, friends.


From around the globe, it's theCUBE with coverage of KubeCon and CloudNativeCon Europe 2021 virtual. Brought to you by Red Hat, the CloudNative Computing Foundation and ecosystem partners. Welcome back to theCUBE's coverage everyone of KubeCon 2021 CloudNativeCon 21 Virtual Europe. I'm John Furrier, your host of theCUBE. We've got two great guests here. James Lubachy, Senior Director of Product Management, Red Hat and Ruchir Puri, IBM Fellow and Chief Scientist at IBM Gentlemen. Thanks for coming on theCUBE. Appreciate it. Thank you. Thanks for having us. So, got an IBM Fellow and a Chief Scientist, Senior Director of Product Management. You guys have the keys to the kingdom on CloudNative. All right, it's going to be fun. So let's just jump into it. So I want to ask you before we get into some of the questions around the projects. What's you guys take of KubeCon this year in terms of the vibe? I know it's virtual in Europe, North America looks like we're going to meet, might be in person, but this year with the pandemic, CloudNative just seems to have a spring to a step. It's got more traction. I've seen the CloudNative piece, even more than Kubernetes in a way. So it's got Kubernetes, it continues to have traction, but it's always about Kubernetes. Now it's more CloudNative vibe. What do you guys think about that? Yeah, I'm sure you have thoughts and I could add on. Yes, I think, well, I would really think of it as almost sequential in some ways. Kubernetes took hold. Now there's a layer which comes above it, which is where all our clients and enterprises realize the value, which is when the applications really move. It's about the applications and what they can deliver to their end customers. And the game now is really about moving those applications and making them CloudNative. That's when the value of that software infrastructure will get realized. And that's why you are seeing that vibe in the clients and enterprises and at TubeCon as well. Yeah, I mean, I think it's exciting. I've been covering this community since the beginning, as you guys know, the Cube. This is the enablement moment where the fruit is coming off the tree. You're starting to see that first wave of, you mentioned, that enablement, it's happening. And you can see it in the project. So I want to get into the news here, the conveyor community. What is this about? Can you take a minute to explain what is the conveyor community? Yeah, yeah, I think what we discovered as we were starting to work with a lot of end users and practitioners is that what we were finding is that they kind of get tired of hearing about digital transformation and from multiple vendors and through sales folks and these sorts of things. And when you speak to the practitioners, they just want to know, what are the practical implications of moving towards a more CloudNative architecture? And so, when you start talking to them at levels beyond just generic kind of, I would say marketing speak and even the business cases, the developers and systems admins need to know what it is they need to do to their application architectures, the ways they're working to successfully modernize their applications. And so the idea behind the conveyor community was really kind of twofold. One was to help with knowledge sharing. So we started running meetups where people can come and share their knowledge of what they've done around specific topics like strangling monoliths or carving off side containers or things that the sidecar containers or things that they've done successfully to help kind of move things forward. So it was really about knowledge sharing. And then the second piece we discovered was that there's really no place where you can find open source tools to help you rehost, replatform and refactor your applications to Kubernetes. And so that's really where we're trying to fill that void is provide open source options in that space and kind of inviting everybody else to collaborate with us on that. Can you give an example of some use cases of people doing this, why the need, the drivers? I mean, it makes sense, right? As a growing, you got, you got to move applications. People want to have applications move to Kubernetes. I get that. But what are some of the use cases that were forcing this? Yeah, absolutely for sure. I don't know if you have any you want to touch on specifically I could add on as well. Yeah, I think some of the key use cases I would really say will be. So let me just, I think James just talked about rehosting, replatforming and refactoring. I'm going to put some numbers on it and then let's talk about use case a little bit as well. I would really say 30% virtual machines movement that's the first one to happen. Easy, easier one, relatively speaking but that's the first one to happen. The replatforming one where you are now really sort of changing the stack as well but not changing the application in any major way yet. And the hardest one happened around refactoring which is you are, you know this is when we start talking about cloud native you take a monolithic application which, you know, legacy applications which have been running for a long time and try to refactor them so that you can build microservices out of them. The very first, I would say set of clients that we are seeing at the leading edge around this will be around banking and insurance legacy applications. Banking is obviously finance is a large industry and that's the first movement you start seeing which is where the complexity of the application in terms of some of the legacy code that you are seeing move over onto the, into the cloud for a cloud native implementation as well as there as well as a diversity of scenarios from a rehosting and replatforming point of view. And we'll talk about some of the tools that we are putting in the community to help the users and the developer community in many of these enterprises move into a cloud native implementation lot of their applications and also from the point of view of helping them in terms of practices what I've described as best practices it is not just about tools it's about the community coming together how do I do this? How do I do that actually? So there are best practices that we as a community have gathered and it's about that sharing as well James. Yeah, no, I think you hit the nail in the head, right? So, you know, rehosting like for example you might have an application that was delivered to you by an ISV that is not available containerized yet you need to bring that over as a VM so you could bring that into Qvert and actually bring that and just rehost it you can, you might have some things that you've already containerized but they're sitting on a container orchestration layer that is no longer growing, right? So the innovation has kind of left that platform and kind of Kubernetes has become kind of that standard you know, as one the container orchestration layer if you want become the de facto standard and so you want to replatform that and that takes, you know, massaging and transforming metadata to do that to create the right objects and so on and so forth. So there's a bunch of different use cases around that that kind of fall into that rehost or replatform all the way up to refactoring is what you're saying. So just explain for the audience because I know I love the three things rehosting, replatforming and refactoring what's the difference between replatforming and refactoring specifically? What's the nuance there? Yeah, yeah. So a lot of times I think what a lot of people, you know I think obviously Amazon kind of popularized the six hours framework years ago, you know with that and so if you look at what they kind of what they popularized it was replatforming is really kind of like a lift tinker and shift. So maybe it's, I'm not just taking my VM and putting it on new infrastructure. I'm going to take my VM maybe put on new infrastructure but I'm going to switch my app server into like a lighter weight app server or something like that at the same time. So that would fall into like a replatforming or in the case, you know one of the things we're seeing pretty heavily right now is the move from, you know cloud foundry to Kubernetes for example where people are looking to take their application and actually, you know transform it and run it on Kubernetes which requires you to really kind of replatform as well. And refactoring is what's specific so I get the replatforming. Yeah, refactoring is I think just following on to what James said refactoring is really about the complexity of the application which was mainly a monolithic large application many of these legacy applications which are so many times actually hundreds of millions of dollars of assets for these enterprises. It's about taking the code and refactoring it in terms of dividing it into different pieces of code which can themselves be spun as microservices. So then it becomes true. It takes starting advantage of agility of development in a cloud native environment as well. It's not just about either lift and shift of the VM or lift, tinker and shift from a stack point of view. It's really about taking applications and dividing them so that we can spin microservices and it has the agility of the development of a cloud native environment. I totally got it. Great clarification. I really want to get that out there because replatforming is really a good thing to go to the cloud. Hey, I got Redison open source. I'll use that. I can only use this over here and use that vendor over there. Muse open source over there. Really good way to look at it. I like refactoring. It's like a complete re-architecture or refactoring as you will. So thank you for the clarification. Great, great topic. This is what practitioners think about. So I got to ask the next question. What projects are involved in the community that you guys are working in? It seems like a real valuable service and group. Can you give an overview and what's going on in the community specifically? Yeah, yeah. So there's really, right now there's kind of five projects that are in the community and they're all in different, I would say different stages of maturity as well. So there's, when you look at re-hosting, there's two kind of primary projects focused on that. One is called Forklift, which is about migrating your virtual machines into Kubevert. So Kubevert is a way that you can run virtual machines orchestrated by Kubernetes. And we're seeing kind of a growth in demand there where people want to have a common orchestration for both their VMs and containers running on bare metal. And so Forklift helps you actually mass migrate VMs into that environment. The second one on the re-hosting side is called Crane. So Crane is really a tool that helps you migrate applications between Kubernetes clusters. So you imagine you have all your, you might have persistent data in one Kubernetes cluster and you want to migrate a namespace from one cluster to another. That's where Crane comes in and actually helps you migrate between those. On the re-platforming side, we have Move2Cube, which actually came from the IBM research team. So they actually open sourced that. Rashid, you want to speak about Move2Cube? Yeah, so Move2Cube is really, as we discussed the re-platforming scenario already, it is about, if you are in a Docker environment or a Cloud Foundry environment and Kubernetes has become a de facto standard. Now you are containerized already, but you really are actually moving into a Kubernetes based environment. As the name implies, it's about Move2Cube actually. And this is one of the things we were looking at. And as we were talking to a lot of users, it became evident to us that they are adapting now the de facto standard. And it's a tool that helps you enable your applications in that new environment and move to the new stack. Awesome. And then the only other two are Tackle, which is probably like one of the newest projects, which is focused on kind of assessment and analysis of applications for containerization. So actually looking at and understanding what the suitability is of an application for being containerized and start to being, like being refactored into containers. And that's a, you know, we have kind of engineers across both Red Hat IBM research, as well as some folks externally that are starting to become interested in that project as well. And the last project is called Polaris, which is a tool to help you measure your software delivery performance. So this might seem a little odd to have in the community, but when you think about re-hosting, re-platforming, refactoring, the idea is that you want to measure your software delivery performance on top of Kubernetes. And that's what this does. It kind of measures the Dora metrics if you're familiar with kind of DevOps realization metrics.  Great, let me ask the question for the folks watching or anyone interested, how do they get involved? Who can contribute, explain how people get involved? Is there a site? Is there a location? Slack channel, what's out there? Yeah, yeah, all of the above. So we have a Slack channel. We're on slack.kubernetes.io on Pound Conveyor. But if you go to www.conveyor.io, Conveyor with a K, not like the cube with a C, but like cube with a K. They can go to Conveyor.io and there they can find everything they need. So we have a, you know, a governance model that's getting put in place, contributor ladder, all the things you'd expect. We're kind of talking to the CNCF around the SIGAP delivery groups to kind of understand if we can, how we can align ourselves so that in the future, if these projects take off, they can become kind of sandbox projects. And yeah, we'd welcome any and all kind of contribution and collaboration. We're sure I don't know if you have anything to add on that. You covered it at the pointers already. Just to put a plug in for, we have already been having meetups. So on the best practices, you will find the community, not just on Conveyor.io, but as you start joining the community in terms of meetups and the help you can get, whether on the Slack channel, very helpful on the day-to-day problems that you are encountering as you are taking your applications to a cloud-native environment. And I can see this being a big interest to enterprises as they have a mix and match environment and with containers, you can bring and integrate old legacy. And that's the beautiful thing about Hybrid Cloud that I find fascinating right now is that with all the goodness of say Kubernetes and cloud-native, if you've got a legacy environment, it's great fit now.  So this is going to be everything, a real popular project for what I call the classic enterprise. So I wish you guys both have your companies participate in. So with that, is that the goal? Is that the goal for this community is to reach out to the classic enterprise or open source enthusiasm? Because certainly end users are coming in like you read about. I mean, they're coming in fast into the community. What's the goal? The goal for the community really is to provide assistant and help and guidance to the users from a community point of view. It's not just from us, whether it is Red Hat or IBM Research, but it's really enterprises start participating in and we are already seeing that from the enterprises because there was a big gap in this area.  Yeah, yeah. It's easy. I hear all you have to do. I know there is red flag goes up. Oh, it's easy. Just go cloud-native all the way. Everything is a service. It's just so easy. Now, I saw in a Brian Grachley, you get right on that. I want to just quickly turn tangent here. Brian Grachley, who's a product strategist at Red Hat, you're going to like this because he's like, look at the cloud-native pieces expanding because the enterprises now are in there and they're doing good work. Before you saw projects like Envoy come from the hyperscales like Lyft and the big companies who are building their own stuff. So you start to see that transition. It's no longer the debate on open source and Kubernetes and cloud-native. The discussion is integration, legacy. So this is the big discussion this week. Do you guys agree with that and what would be your reaction? Yeah, no, I agree with you, right? I mean, I think the stat you always hear is that the first 20% of kind of cloud happened and now there's all the rest of it, right? And modernization is going to be the big piece, right? You have to be able to modernize those applications and those workloads. And I think they're going to fall in three key buckets, right? Rehost, replatform, refactor. And dependent on your business justification and your needs, you're going to choose one of those paths. And we just want to be able to provide open tools and a community-based approach to those folks to help that. Certainly we'll have, just like Redhead always does, upstream first and then we'll have enterprise versions of these migration toolkits based on these projects. But we really do want to kind of build them and make sure we have the best solution to the problem which we believe community is the way to do that. Awesome. And I think just to add to what James said, typically we are talking about enterprises. These enterprises will have thousands of applications. So we're not talking about 10, 20 number. We are talking thousands. Yeah, and more. So 20% is not a small number. It's still two, three, no, three, four hundred. But man, the work is remaining and that's why they are getting excited about cloud native now, okay? Now we have seen the benefit for this little bit here, but now let's get serious about that transformation. And this is about helping them in a cloud native, in an open source way, which is what Redhead, Excel said, let's bring the community to bed. I'm actually doing a story on that. You brought that up with thousands of applications because I think it's underestimated. I think it's going to be thousands and thousands more because business is now software-driven everywhere and observability has pointed this out and I was talking to the founder of the Grafana project and it's like how many thousands of dashboards are you going to need, Roacher? So again, the problems and the opportunities are coming together. The abstraction will continue to move up the stack in terms of automation. So it's kind of fascinating when you start thinking about the impact as this goes to the next level. And so I have to ask you, Roacher, since you're an IBM Fellow and Chief Scientist, which by the way is a huge distinction. Congratulations, being an IBM Fellow is a big deal. IBM takes that very seriously, only a few of them. You've seen many waves and cycles of innovation. How would you categorize this one now? Because maybe I'm getting a little old and loving this right now, but this seems like everything kind of coming together in one flashpoint, one major inflection point. All the other waves combined seem to be like in this one movement, very fast. What's your take of this wave that we're in? I would really say there is, a lot of technology has been developed, but that technology needs to have its value unleashed and that's exactly where the intersection of those applications and that technology occurs. I'm gonna put in yet another, you talked about everything becoming software. This was Anderson, I think, which actually said the software is eating the world. Another wave that has started is AI eating software as well. And I do believe these two will coincide to, like let me just give you a brief example. Refactoring, how you take your application and smart ways of using AI to be able to recommend the right microservices for you is another one that we've been working towards and some of those capabilities will actually come in this community as well. So when we talk about innovations in this area, we are bringing together the best of IBM research as well as we are hoping the community actually is joins as well and enterprises are already starting to join to bring together latest of the innovations, bringing their applications and the best practices together to unleash that value of the technology and moving the rest of that 80%. And to be able to seamlessly bridge from my legacy environment to the cloud native environment. Yeah, and hybrid cloud, soon to be multi-cloud, really is the backbone and operating system of business and life society. So as these apps start to come on, APIs and integration, all of these things are coming together. So yeah, this conveyor project and conveyor community looks like a really strong approach. Congratulations. Good job. We're very excited about that. Yeah, great stuff. Kubernetes is enabling all kinds of value here in theCUBE. We're bringing it to you with two experts. James Ruescher, thanks for coming on theCUBE and sharing, thank you. Thank you for having us on. Okay, KubeCon and cloud native con coverage. I'm John Furrier with theCUBE. Thanks for watching.


pentameter, trochaic hexameter. Hi friends, welcome to my channel. Are these literary tones and big pentameter, trochaic hexameter sounds great to you? If yes, then don't worry, we'll be exploring all these tones in our video today so that by the end of this video you will have crystal clear clarity about all the literary meters, what it means to be called as iambic pentameter, how is a poem written in my ambic pentameter drippers from a poem written in trochaic hexameter. We will be exploring all these tones in our video today but before that let me give you example of two very famous poetry and let us see how these two poems differ from each other. The first poem is Tiger Tiger by William Blake and the poem begins with Tiger Tiger burning bright in the forest of the night. The second poem is Break Break Break by Lord Alfred Tennyson and the poem begins with Break Break Break on that cold grey stones OC and I would that my tongue could utter the thoughts that arise in me. Now let's see how these two poems are different from each other. The first poem we find that it's rhymes the words the ending words rhyme, rhyme is repetition of sounds and two words like can and man, gold and hold. So these are rhyming words you've been related to on bachpan mein rhymes perfect in nursery rhymes.  So are and star these are so in the first poem by William Blake Tiger Tiger burning bright in the forest of the night so bright and night are rhyming words. In the second poem we find that the words don't rhyme. So how does that poem differs from poetry because ek poem ko poem hone ke liye hame aisa lukta tha hum isha rhyme ki zar rata hai. If a poem rhymes then that is poem agar agar po rhyme nahi karati then how does that sound very musical so that is what meter is meter or rhythm we have rhyme and we have rhythm. These are the two components which give musical quality to a poem. So if we talk about rhythm rhythm and meter are one and the same thing and meter is the one which gives musical sound to a piece. koi bhi musical piece aap sunthe hain koi song sunthe hain tha hain. aap depe hain aapin lines rhyme nahin karati koi bhi boiler word ya english song aap suni hai to aap deke hi ki lines rhyme nahin karri hai. But still they have a beat da da da da da this kind of effect is there in the poetry that comes from rhythm. So we'll be talking about rhythm in detail in this video because rhythm se hi later he will come to know what is a big pentameter, what is troke ek exameter and what are the other meters in the poetry and how these meters affect the tone and the musical quality of the poetry. So let's start. Now in order to understand rhythm ya meter we need to first look at the poetry structure how a poem is composed. So if you see any poem the poems has lines okay so we have lines each line has foot and foot are made up of syllable so we have lines which is made up of foot foot is made up of syllables now lines we all know so I don't need to explain that but in this video I'll be talking about syllables and foot and syllables and foot ki combination se different tari ki rhythm banti hai we have iambic pentameter which uses another type of foot we have troke ek exameter which uses another type of foot. So let's first understand syllable then we'll be understanding foot and then at the end we'll see how different kind of foot combined together to make different kind of poetry meters. So let's start with syllable first. Syllable is a sound in a word okay kaya words rote hain jhein mein ek syllable hota hai jaisi sleep sleep ek saath gola gata hai sleep so it has one syllable then we have words like thank you it has two syllable thank you two syllable ek word ki andar bhi bohat saale syllable ho sata hai jaisi guitar guitar do sound nikalte hai jab hum guitar bohte guitar guitar guitar so two syllables amazing three syllable amazing amazing whenever we say that amazing three sounds nikal re amazing understand understand understand three syllables again so ek word ki andar do teen chaar kitne bhi syllables ho sata hai depending upon the sounds just jitne sound just word we contain hai so we have looked at syllable we can have one syllable two syllable three syllable in a single word now let's look at what are the types of syllables we have strong syllable and weak syllable strong syllables are words sounds jyur thode se zada tez gole jata hai jaisi guitar guitar word me tar is more loud than ghee guitar louder tar is louder than ghee so that makes tar as a strong syllable and ghee as a weak syllable so it's a combination of guitar one week syllable followed by a strong syllable strong syllable ko hum isha bold mein denote kiya chata hai similarly we can have a phrase to sleep to sleep two words two syllables two is lesser pronounced hum aise nahi bolte to sleep we say to sleep upar ki tara chata hai two thoda sa jeere hota hai jeere jeere sleep thoda sa upar hota hai so to sleep weak syllable followed by a strong syllable thank you thank you nahi bolte hum thank you thank is a strong syllable you is a weak syllable so ab aateke gitaar mein a weak syllable followed by a strong syllable then we have thank you a strong syllable followed by a weak syllable so is tari ke combinations hota hai now let's look at foot foot is a group of strong and weak syllable or a combination of strong and weak syllable hum ne dekha syllables make foot and foot makes a line so syllable is single sound guitar has two syllables now if we take a word sleep it has one syllable guitar and sleep will together come under the category of foot two sleep will become a foot it contains one weak syllable and one strong syllable similarly we have guitar guitar itself is a foot because we have a weak syllable followed by a strong syllable now let's look at some common type of foot first one is ayam ayam is a kind of foot in which we have one weak syllable followed by one strong syllable like gitaar to sleep we have second example of foot which is toki toki is a kind of foot which has one strong syllable followed by one weak syllable example baseball thank you third type of foot is called anapest it has two weak syllable followed by one strong syllable example understand in the dark in the dark three syllables understand three syllables then we have anapest ke baadne de fourth kind of foot is diktile diktile has two strong syllable followed by one weak syllable example this is a this is a strong syllable is a is a two weak syllable camera kya me rah three syllables in a single word then we have other common types of foot we have pondi which has two strong syllable we have another phyric which has two weak syllable so these are some common types of foot now let's look at number of foot in one line because we see that syllables will combine to form foot foot will combine to form a line so let's take example of a very famous line from shakespearean solid shall i compare the two or summer's day and now let's see how many feet are there in this line shall i is one foot shall i two sounds combination of a weak syllable followed by a strong syllable shall i compare apne naap me ek foot hai compare kum is a weak syllable followed by a strong syllable so now if we summarize we'll find out that rhythm consists of meter and meter is dependent on two factors in a poem number of feet in one line and type of foot so type of foot in number of feet these two things will combine to determine the meter of that poem let's take example of some common poetry and see how the meter differs from each other the first kind of poem is iambic pentameter we've just seen the example shall i compare the two or summer's day iambic because it has a strong weak syllable followed by a strong syllable pentameter because it has the total five feet in one line now let's take another example iambic tetrometer from the poem by Emily Dickinson i heard of flybuzz when i died so i heard of flybuzz when i died in this poem we have iambic meter because it has a weak syllable followed by a strong syllable also it has four feet in one line so we it will have tetrometer and not pentameter the third kind of poetry is tokei tetrometer tokei as we know is a strong syllable followed by a weak syllable and tetrometer is having four feet in one line example is piping down the valley's vile piping songs is pleasant glee so if we look at these two lines we'll find that each line has a strong syllable followed by a weak syllable piping down now understand one more thing that strong and weak syllables identify karee words hote hain jo bole hi thode se tez jaate hain piping down is foots ko agar aap piping down goleinge it will not sound nice to the viewers okay piping down piping down the word is coming piping pezada focus hain down pe kam hain so it has a strong syllable followed by a weak syllable shall aayi shall aayi shall aayi shall aayi nahin bolde hain shall aayi piping down so strong syllable followed by a weak syllable so tokei tetrometer mein we see that we have a strong syllable followed by a weak syllable second criteria is tetrometer four feet in one line piping down the valley's vile piping songs pleasantly each line has four feet so this is how meter develops in any poem we also have so many things to discuss when it comes to rhyme because rhyme is not as simple as man and can it has so many other things exact rhyme feminine rhyme masculine rhyme approximate rhyme we cover all these things in my online course you can go to my website www.arpatakarba.com you'll find the list of all the important literary terms devices writers topics that i covered in my online course you can see the list if you like the kind of course i'm providing you can definitely join my online audio course and prepare for UGC net in a revolutionary way you can also follow me on facebook telegram whatsapp and instagram because i post a bonnet quiz every day on the social media wherein you can see what kind of questions are being asked in net exam also if you like this video then do give them it a thumbs up subscribe this channel and share this with other net aspirants if you have any questions any doubt if you have anything to share with us then do write that in the comment section below so till the time we meet next happy learning keep loving the treacher


The head of the private military company Wagner Yevgeny Prigazin announced that they have left the city of Bakhmut. Later, the forces of the Russian Ministry of Defense will enter the city. Prigazin, who met with Wagner members, was instructed to leave the city by June 1 and moved to the rear line of the front. The soldiers under his command said that the military equipment, including the artillery installations, needed to be repaired and that they would repair them first after leaving the city. In his conversation with the members of tank crews, Prigazin advised to keep the shells for the servicemen of the Ministry of Defense. He also said that they will save the remaining food for the soldiers who will enter the city. Prigazin said that two Wagner members will stay in the city and if it is difficult for the forces of the Ministry of Defense, these two people will come to their aid.


For clearing EDC map, smart work is the key and not hard work because I have seen my friends, many are trying to get into the cleared exam they're studying hours and hours making a dead end at the same time but I think hard work is not the key, smart work is the key because with smart work, we have to know which portion there will be more questions, which portion there will be less questions and we have to plan our strategy according to that that will help us to clear the exam easily. First of all congratulations on clearing UGC net, how are you feeling? I'm feeling great because I cleared the net exam in my first step in itself. Yes, yes that is such a big achievement so before we move on and talk about questions I would first want to know a bit about you, you know where are you from and what have you done in your graduation post graduation? Okay man, I am from Guwahati Assam so I did my post graduation from Guwahati University in English and my graduation from Patan University in English, both universities are in Guwahati itself.  No, I sat for the net exam after my master's and in 2022 I appeared for the first time in the merge cycles, it was I guess June, October, December 2021 and June 20, 2022 merge cycles. Oh okay, wonderful, wonderful so you know before we dive in and talk about the preparation strategy all I want to first understand from you that how did you plan your entire preparation like how did you begin when you decided that you're going to sit for net? So what was the first step that you took? I followed the materials, I sorted it out but then I thought that I needed some guidance so I got the information of your course online and immediately I purchased the course and after that I was preparing, I studied only three units basically, British literature and literary theory and Indian literature and I was just hoping that it will be on my try attempt from the first time but I cleared it anyhow but just by doing the three modules Indian literature, British and British, oh my god that is amazing, amazing, wow. So for how many months did you prepare? It was, my preparation was like eight months or six months I guess. Okay okay and when you saw the syllabus you know and you started preparing how did you like plan your entire day? I used to listen to audio lectures then I used to make important notes from it after that I used to revise them like I used to revise the whole material the first of the month before next I revise the whole material for one month. Okay wonderful so one month was pure revision you did not do anything new Okay okay and how many hours did you study every day? In the morning I would study four hours and in the evening it would be six or five hours.  Did you face any challenge? No ma'am every section was very detailedly covered so I did not face any challenge. Okay and how did you plan your paper one preparation? In paper one I basically took the help of YouTube it was all YouTube which taught me the unit I focused on all the units except mathematical reasoning because I am very poor at math. Okay wow wow wow so how did you learn from YouTube? How did you make the notes? Yes ma'am I used to study I used to get the VF of the syllabus then I used to search for the unit in the YouTube then I followed by I took from health from bi-jews and unacademic videos I used to make notes out of depth and I studied that way. Okay okay and you know for paper two did you find that what you studied in masters was that sufficient for net or what did you feel? No ma'am no master syllabus was like a tiny droplet in the net syllabus like an ocean there is no compulsion. Okay so your master's notes if you would have not gone through any other like if you would not have subscribed to a coaching class so at times people feel that what they've studied in bachelor's and master's if they just revise that thoroughly they can sit for the exam. What was your belief or your take on this? No ma'am I guess it's a totally a misconception because as fresh applicants will not be able to know what the portions are to be covered how we should study so I think we need a guidance for and master's and bachelor's syllabus differs from university to university. So I believe the net syllabus covers the master's and bachelor's syllabus. Okay yes yes I also have found the same thing that master's syllabus is just 10% of what actual net syllabus is like right right and what about you know the distractions that you would have faced in the six months phone social media how did you tackle that and still was able to study so diligently?  Oh okay you you you were able to balance both the things together right right and what about you know if I talk about specifically previous year papers and mock tests did you also focus on that during the last one month? No ma'am because I did not have time for the net to be mock test so I directly went for the exam and I was not I was not very sure that I was clearly I did not even think about it I just clearly I don't know that after that I when I was able to do and I came home after giving the papers I needed somehow I would clear it. Okay okay great great and how did you remember so much information like so much data on in paper one paper two how did you you know ensure that you did not forget the information on the day of the exam? No revision was the key I guess because I know that if you study very much it's not that important this is study whatever we should study we should study very properly if we don't miss a single question so I focus the areas which will there will be a various question and I those were my strengths so I make sure that I did not miss a single question that was my Wow that is so so good and any last tip that you would want to give to the aspirants who are now preparing for net? Yes I think for clearing you just see net smart work is the key and not hard work because I have seen my friends many are trying to get into the cleared exam they're studying hours and hours making their doing everything but I think hard work is not the key smart work is the key because with smart work we have to know which portions there will be more questions which portion there will be less questions and we have to plan our strategy according to that will help us to clear the exam easily. True true very nice very nice and that is such a such a wonderful tip that I think every net aspirant should follow diligently thank you so much for you know giving your precious time and sharing your insights about the paper and your prep preparation strategy I wish you all the very best for the future and a special a special bonus good luck for all the other achievements that you are going to do throughout your life. Yes ma'am thank you I had the opportunity to see you directly even to visually guide the pleasure to see you ma'am thank you thank you thank you so much for being such a hard worker for bringing up such a wonderful force which will help students to clear the UDT net exam easily thank you ma'am. Thank you thank you so much thank you for the for giving the time and for being so grateful you know I would just want to say that we teachers would just guide but then the real champions are you who are so dedicated and so diligently they study for 10-10 hours to clear on it so that is amazing and a remarkable thing. Thank you ma'am thank you Chalo wish you all the very best and I'll see you very soon whenever you have any plans to come to Jaipur we'll be more than happy to you know welcome you in the pink city. Yes ma'am yes ma'am definitely thank you thank you bye bye. Bye.


Okay everybody, thank you for coming. I think anybody knows my work is probably suspecting I'm going to say that what's next is a poverty measurement but I'm not. We face very unequal challenges ahead in terms of particularly in research but also very much on policy and inequality, addressing inequality is in my view the greater challenge going forward. There are two main reasons. One is that we have this powerful instrument of economic growth for absolute poverty reduction. I emphasize absolute poverty reduction but inequality not so clear. In fact, roughly half the time in growing economies inequality increases after time it decreases. Much less powerful for inequality. There's also while there's broad agreement today that we want to eliminate poverty that's not the case for inequality. We don't have that kind of consensus. Anything like that kind of consensus. So my question today is should and can that change? This is all an extension of an op-ed I wrote in Le Monde last year and basically addressing that question. Okay, the motivational challenge. Why should we care about inequality? I'm going to review that and the policy challenge. What do we do about it? What are the constraints? What do we know already? What do we need to know going forward? Why do we care? First thing, let's get this cleared up. Zero income inequality is definitely not the goal. I don't think anybody could defend that very easily. We have all kinds of straw man arguments about class warfare, socialism and so on. I think we have to agree on a couple of things that heterogeneity and the ability of people to turn income into welfare is evident. That alone would mean even within a utilitarian framework that alone would mean that we don't want zero income inequality. We also recognize negative incentive effects of very low earnings inequality. They get exaggerated but they're there. The concern really is about high inequality, countries that have very high levels of inequality or are getting there. Ethical arguments, the ethical objections are pretty clear. Utilitarianism, as I mentioned already, a host of rights-based arguments. The fight between utilitarian rights-based arguments goes back 200 years, you probably know, and it's alive and well today. Issues of fairness in process, unequal opportunities, unequal outcomes. Unequal outcomes when they foster unequal opportunities in the future. Specific inequalities all carry weight. What's really new is our knowledge of and further work needed but our knowledge of the cost of inequality in specific dimensions. But we've learned about the costs associated with credit and labor market failure, land market failure too, particularly hurting poor and middle-class people. We've learned a lot about the political pediments to reform, economic reform and provision of public goods associated with certain forms of inequality and the emergence of both left-wing and right-wing popularism as part of that story. Social costs of inequality are getting more attention. Accumulated knowledge here I think pointing to a lot of concerns. It's not unambiguous. Some areas less clear than others. We also, the fundamental thing, I guess from the point of view of poverty and social welfare more broadly is how much harder it is to reduce poverty, promote social welfare in high inequality countries. Another point, although I said zero inequality is not the goal, certain kinds of inequality, zero is the goal. Certain between group inequalities we want to be zero. Certain within group inequalities we don't. And that's quite important to note. So the between group inequalities have a political salience and a motivator for action that within group inequalities are not. Ravi has pointed out a few times how standard inequality decompositions ignore this fact. Between group inequality can matter a lot more than we think in our standard economic measurements. Inequality of opportunity is another important area. We've seen arguments here going back to Aristotle. Aristotle's distributive justice, which is not the way we think of distributive justice today if you read Aristotle, but the idea of equality in the declaration of the rights of man and the citizen, which motto of France and the French Revolution. We also learned a lot about the lost output associated with inequality of opportunity. Counter-arguments galore and I'm just going to summarize a few of them and what I see is the case. Arthur Lewis. Development must be inegalitarian because it does not start at every part of the economy at the same time. Yes, it's so intuitive that statement and very clear, but there are some qualifications. We know that the distribution of the gains from growth depends heavily on the initial distribution of endowments. It depends on the pattern of growth. There's all kinds of clear qualifications there and important feedback effects, as I've mentioned. John Rawls. Rising inequality is acceptable as long as the poorest are making progress. I hear this so often that poverty trumps inequality, trumps the word. I've got to find another word. Anyway, really a dubious claim in my view, although I'm a great fan of Rawls. If there's any philosopher I turn to, it's Rawls. But a number of things, the dynamics of this, that high inequality can store future poverty deduction, even though things look fine now. Another issue we've learned something about and the measurement issues do a lot of measurement, but if we don't agree on who the poorest are, then this kind of perspective calls really for much broader distributional perspective, distributional assessment. Arthur Young. You may not have heard of Arthur Young, but he was the first agricultural economist writing in 1771. This epitomized captures the incentive argument beautifully.  They will never be industrious. You've heard that today, haven't you? Some version of that. It's still around. It was a majority view probably 200 years ago. It's a minority view now. But the accumulated evidence Arthur Young, people like David Ricciardo were the greatest economist of his time and the greatest exaggerator of his time. They had no evidence. We have the evidence now. We've learned a lot about incentive effects on labor supply, welfare programs and so on. Accumulated evidence from people, many people, Bob Moffat, Ravi and his colleagues, Abhijit Banerjee and others. All of that is true and clear. Incentive effects at moderate marginal tax rates are pretty small. They're not zero, but it could exaggerate it. On the other hand, incentive effects at 100% marginal tax rates benefit withdraw rates in social policies that imply 100% marginal tax rates on poor people are really dumb. That's a bad idea. Perfect targeting is a horrible idea. How can we do better? One aspect is better measures, measures to inform public debate. I often go back to the issue of inequality of what that Amartya Sen has come back to often and reminded us often. We really do need to demonstrate the welfare relevance of the measures we use. We don't do that enough. I think welfare is the anchor. Some concept of welfare is the anchor for everything we should do in poverty inequality measurement. I've always thought that the money metric approach is preferable. We've got a lot of advances in the money metric approach. I'm not a fan of multidimensional poverty inequality indices, but we already can have that discussion. It's a good discussion. I see much more scope for better money metrics of welfare. The fact that you measure poverty inequality in a money space doesn't mean you think money is all that matters to people's welfare. That's nonsense. It's how you measure money, the money metric of welfare, how you map from welfare to money. Obviously, that's going to be contingent on many factors. The axioms of poverty inequality measurement, some are pretty clearly acceptable, others are not. Scale independence axioms. I mentioned the talk yesterday. Decomposability we've mentioned. Another area is the evident lack of attention to what's happening to the poorest, and yet we see in social policy all the time emphasis on leave no one behind. You see that expression, read that expression 100 times in the sustainable development goals, for example, and in social policy generally. But we don't measure that. We don't measure the floor. We measure the portion of people below some poverty line or a distribution sensitive poverty measure, but we don't look at how the poorest are doing. When we do, in fact, it's looking not looking so good that progress against absolute poverty is not coming with raising much progress in raising the floor, the lower bound. Not the biological floor, that should be below the actual floor, but the actual lower bound of the distribution of consumption income. Yeah, thanks. Better evidence we need on all of this in terms of policy, the measurement concerns that I've touched on already. What does the evidence suggest? It's not real good. Roughly a third of the poorest, about the poorest quintile globally and not receiving any help from any direct form of direct intervention, including interventions that claim to be helping them. We've got roughly one billion people living in poverty. We've got roughly one billion people receiving some form of help today in the developing world. It's just a different billion. They don't overlap that much. Current social protection policies, this is broad picture, but in globally current social protection policies are raising the floor of about 50 cents a day. Almost all of that is through social insurance. Social assistance is raising the floor in the world today by about 1.5 cents a day on average. Spend more on social policy. You have more impact on the lowest level of living, on the poorest people in the world. It's largely the variance is largely to do with how much you spend. It's not about how you spend, but it should be a lot to do with how you spend. Challenging constraints and here I just want to mention going forward, we know a lot of the constraints pretty well, and I mentioned that the obvious ones here, budgets, incentive effects, political economy, but there's one not so sexy constraint, information that I think is absolutely crucial and is under undervalued. There's some recent evidence of a series of papers that I've done with Kate Brown and Dominic Van Der Waal is here where we've been trying to really quantify the information constraint, working particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, but it's pretty alarming. Here's one little gem from it. Even with a budget sufficient to eliminate poverty with perfect targeting, not something a policy I recommend as I said already, but even if we had enough money to eliminate poverty in sub-Saharan Africa, with the information we actually do have, the targeting methods we actually do use, we're going to leave about three quarters of the poor untouched. Our data, our instruments for targeting, and all the information requirements and incentive effects you put all together, it's not looking real good, particularly in low-income countries. It's kind of a cruel irony, the poor of the country, less effective we are today, and that's a huge challenge going forward. There is a new role I believe for redistributive interventions, but there's got to be, I think much smarter than the ones we talk about now, there are no magic bullets here, you're going to have to adapt, you're going to have to worry about all the concerns I've talked about, senior effects, behavior responses, behavior responses are on one side of the debate, behavior responses are greatly exaggerated, as I mentioned, the example of Ricardo. On the other side of the debate, Ricardo's representatives of Ricardo are life's day saying the same thing, and the other side, the behavioral effects are entirely ignored, incentive effects are ignored, and that doesn't make a lot of sense, it's a middle ground that's missing. One option I keep emphasizing, I'm not a unconditional fan of any policy, but I think going forward we're going to have to think more seriously about untargeted, more universal provision in poor countries. When this country was very poor, as poor as probably any country in sub-Saharan Africa today, social policy emerged also, particularly in Sweden, nearby, and they didn't start with finally targeted administratively costly sophisticated interventions, exactly the things we're recommending in low-income countries today, they started much more universal, basic health and education. They were less ambitious because they knew they couldn't do it, and yet we're telling low-income countries all over the world that the canon should be finally targeting their interventions, it doesn't make a lot of sense.  I think in many countries we can do better than universal basic income, and I think it should be universal full basic income, not just income, including imputed values for in-kind services, so we fold in the issues about universal health care and education, that should be the benchmark. If we can't do better than that, fine. In most low-income, middle-income countries today, we aren't doing better than universal basic income. But universal basic income would do a better job. Now, if you're asking me, should you do a UBI and say, France? I'd say no, it doesn't make sense, but in a lot of countries it makes more sense. So keep it on the menu. These are my conclusions, I think I've said all this, we need well informed debates on the intrinsic and instrumental case. We need sensible policy interventions and proposals for both pro-pro-growth and redistribution. Stop focusing on targeting as the objective in all of this. Focus on the distributional outcomes and of course policy relevant monitoring and evaluation, learning from our mistakes. Thank you.


Welcome to the Stock Swish Show play of the day, this is P.S.E.C. Nice bearish gap today. Let's just take a look at it. Stock closed the night before. This was Monday evening at 10.98-ish. Closed just about under 11. Open the next day down here at 10.75. And made the high of the day at 10.75 and was perfect. And in fact this morning when I actually said what I wanted this to do and I was looking at the resistance and the targets and everything for this gap on the day, I said in an ideal world, and I do this every morning because I want to know what that price has to do out of the game, how it should train, whether it should rally first or open and breaker, what it needs to do. And I said in an ideal world the stock actually holds 10.75. Open and held 10.75 in the open. And I actually almost shorted this on the open, which is very aggressive. I've done that like twice in my whole life and it would be very aggressive to do that while I'm running the room and to call it in the room. So I did not, but I did short it. But every once in a while. Anyways, this worked. Beautiful nice drop in here into the morning. Base, base, base. I was ready in it in here and I said to everybody stay with it, stay with it, stay with it. It set up like a breakdown play and dropped and had a nice extension here. And then you have this little moved in here. So you can see the real weakness in this. This is a one minute chart. Beautiful, beautiful setup in here. Couldn't have asked for more on a day basically before a holiday, couple days before the holiday market's been very slow lately. The last week or so low volume, but this had plenty of volume in it today. It did have a drop, it did have a move. If you look at this actual length of the bar from the tip to the top, this is a pretty big bar for this chart. Okay, this is a nice sized bar for this chart. You can see it even over here. Could this have gone to 1030-ish? Was looking also at the 1030 area, yes. It got within eight pennies of that. Again, targets are areas, resistances are areas. I'm very exact with the numbers actually. And if the numbers hit the numbers exactly then I know. But you do watch the time of the day, the area, the reversal signs, everything. Beautiful, beautiful PSEC. Nice bearish gap today. Did everything right. In fact, at one point I was looking at this. Going back over here. It was like before this bar. I said, woo, look at that 15 minute. One, two, three, four, five red bars in the 15 minute. And woo, look at that. So I mean, that is weak.  And then by the end of the day, you really know what you should be trading in the afternoon this week at all. And I normally don't anyways unless once in a blue moon. I'm still in something holding it. But this is definitely not a week to trade the afternoon. And my suggestion is take it easy this week. One nice trade I did here today in the PSEC. I like to focus on the top picks. This was my top pick today. It worked well. And it's just one of these weeks where you got it really, really honed down quality. I mean, normally you should be looking for quality all the time. But around the holidays when the volume is low in the market and there's not as much to do.  I mean, it's actually a really good volume in it today here. I'm looking at this. You really have to pinpoint quality. And this worked great today. Very happy. Nice call here I made in the PSEC. Have a terrific evening everyone. And have a great week and a holiday week. Enjoy it. Summer is almost over. Gonna enjoy every moment that I can. Have a great night everybody. Email me and Melissa at thestopswish.com if you'd like more information on the upcoming Gap class in September. The date is September 13th and 14th. If you would like to sign up for the next Golden Gap class ahead of time and pre-register to guarantee your spot, email me at thestopswish.com. And if you sign up and pre-register for the September class, you actually could register and sign up to start your live training in the room then in September, the beginning of September if you want. September is going to be a good month. It's fall is going to be a good fall here for the short people, which is what I like to do. I like to do the shorts. So email me if you want to sign up for the class. Have a great night everybody. Melissa at thestopswish.com. Thanks everybody. Have a great day.