Welcome to groundwater hydrology and management NPTEL course. This is week five lecture three. In this week's lecture, we are looking at establishing the groundwater equations for groundwater flow in different media. So it is very important to understand the differences between the media and where the groundwater equation can be valid and what are the limitations and challenges. In the past two lectures, we looked at converting the data into a groundwater equation ready asset, thereby looking at hydraulic head converted to contour lines, then to flow lines, gradients and then we also discussed about travel time. In today's lecture, we would look at the differences in different compartment of groundwater storage, which is the unconfined, confined, saturated versus unsaturated. In the last lecture, we also looked at transient flow versus saturated flow. These are very, very important bifurcations that are needed to understand groundwater equations because the equation might be simple, but if you don't know where the differences are, then you could easily misuse the equation. That is why in the last class, we went through all the equations. Let's go through the physics of the groundwater equation. So groundwater flow equations have a very strong basic relationship with physics. So fluid flow through porous media is always governed by laws of physics. So when I said it flows from high potential to low potential, the potential energy is high in water at a higher level and then it has to come down to the lowest stable state by giving off the energy. What would it do? It would convert the potential into kinetic energy and then move with the velocity and bring down the potential energy. So here, energy is conserved. So this conservation of energy or masses all are included in the laws of physics, which are highly governed by groundwater flow. So when something is governed by physics laws, there is always a change in time. For example, at time equal to zero, the water was at well A at a height of 100 meters. At time equal to 10 minutes, the water has moved from A to B where the potential is 90 meters. So from 100 it came to 90 and so there is a change of time. So with change in time, it can be represented as differential equations. So this is where groundwater flow occurs. So when at water at A time equal to zero, it was stationary, it did not move. But when you start the time, time equal to zero to time equal to 10 minutes, then water starts to slowly move and that movement is a function of time and it can be represented as differential equations. The dependent variable is always flow, which is q, while independent variables are space x, y, and z and time t. For example, you have in the space, let's do a two space continuum, x, y axis. And from here at time equal to zero, it moves to time equal to 10 at this location. So you could see that the independent variables are space, which is x, y, and z and time at time equal to zero to time equal to 10. Whereas the q is what we are trying to understand. What was the q from here A to B? The other important laws in physics that are being conserved or governed is the law of conservation of mass, which means aquifer fluid mass is constant. So when it moves, it does lose some water in storage and wetting, etc. But in a saturated medium, the aquifer fluid mass is constant. If you remember the Darcy's setup, we said we sent a volume q and we want the volume q to come out in the tube. So that is a conservation of mass, no change in mass, which means mass in is equals to mass out when the q is the same, which goes in the volume or discharge up a unit time, when it goes in the same and comes out the same value, when that means the mass has been conserved. The other important thing is law of conservation of energy. Here, energy can neither be created or lost. So this is where I stressed on the fact that at A, the water would have had high potential energy and zero kinetic energy because it was standing there. But then it started to move and while it moves, the potential energy is converted to kinetic energy and the kinetic energy is taking it down into potential energy. So you have a lower potential energy at B, but the kinetic energy is compensating for the loss of energy of potential. So the law of conservation of energy, which says that energy can either be created or lost, is what is conserved. It can only be transformed from one to the other. For example, here we are transforming potential energy to kinetic energy by motion and your energy is conserved. So two things, law of conservation of mass and law of conservation of energy. And it's also important that these variables do change in time and how it changes in time is governed by the flow equations. For example, at time equal to zero, there's no flow, just water stands at well A. And when it starts the time, then the water starts to move and you can capture the movement through groundwater flow equations. So that is where it is saying that it can be represented by differential equations. What is a differential equation? It actually is representing a dx by dt. How the change in x happens at a change in time. Let's now apply this groundwater flow equation to different systems. As I said, it is not the same and it cannot be the same in all settings. In the last class, we looked at steady state and transient flow. We understood that water can in natural state mostly be in transient flow. However, the equations are different for different settings because the laws that govern each system is different and how we do assumptions to arrive at a particular groundwater flow is different. Let's take some examples. Here we look at the precipitation coming in and we have some different zones of porous space where water is there and water is not there. We have gone through the slide a lot. So let me quickly explain what it is. In detail, you have a confined aquifer here and a confined aquifer here and you have saturated conditions where water is fully occupying the porous space in the confined layers. And in the unsaturated layer, which is a zone of aeration, there is less groundwater saturation. So the confined layer is here where you can see below the confining unit and on top you have an unconfined aquifer. And this unconfined aquifer can be further divided into saturated and unsaturated for ease because this is just a basics of groundwater hydrology class. We will look at the groundwater which is in the saturated condition in the confined aquifer, which means here the water is there present in the aquifer, is confined aquifer and the water is present 100% of the porous space fully saturated. We're not going to look at a partially saturated. When we come here, yes, we have to look because it is an unconfined aquifer and we also have a water table that differentiates, that dissects the unconfined aquifer into a unsaturated zone and a saturated zone. So we are sure we cannot apply that there. But here since in most cases your confined aquifer has an impervious layer on the top and bottom. So in between you have a saturated waterfront. Let's not think about pumping now because we are just looking at groundwater flow. When we look at recharge and discharge, we will be discussing about these cases in general. Here we're only going to divide the whole system into two aquifers, confined and unconfined and within the confined it is only going to be saturated steady state flow and in the unconfined it can be a saturated steady state flow or an unsaturated transient flow. So transient means I explained in the previous the velocity and magnitude would change and that would change only when you have a change in the saturation content or the groundwater head which is falling. Since we're not going to pump it's going to be the same head. So we're going to look at only this condition where we have a saturated aquifer and it can be divided into confined and unconfined. What is the law? So we've already looked at this law the governing equation for groundwater flow it is called Darcy's law. So q which is the discharge is given as minus k times the h which is the hydraulic gradient. The lh can also be further differentiated as a change in head by the change in length between the two points. So please understand these equations are for assessing the groundwater flow between two points and then you convert it into a flow. So for example a to b your first objective is to find q between a to b then you go to b to c then you go to c to d. So this is where differential equations help. So this is first differentiated into a particular limit and then this is done and then this is done. So this continuum occurs through differential equations. Okay so moving on we have two points and in between the two points we estimate the groundwater flow using q which is minus k times del h which is including your hydraulic head difference by your length difference between these two points. The area of cross section is taken away because we are looking only at flow the not the discharge volume with the flow velocity let's say the flow velocity just dividing by area cross section area. So let's first take this point okay so we have this point the first point where the water enters is given as here on this side and then this on the back side of the cube and on the front side of the cube. Okay so there's two points we're going to see how we estimate Darcy's law through these two points in a three dimensional plane. So you have change in so the q is coming out and the dx dy dz are the change or the thickness of the material through which it comes and you also have the qy in the qy plane qz in the qz plane and qx in the qx plane axis. So what does this happen? So each one would have its own Darcy's law. So each plane each axis is now going to take its own Darcy's law to first estimate how it flows in the x axis y axis and then z axis. So all these will be different entities that are going to be assessed. So for example as I said a to b is there but a to b happens in a three dimensional plane. It's not a to b a straight road right it is a three dimensional plane. So how from a the water particle moves to b depends on qx qy and qz and the combination would come as net q okay. And that can be represented as a vector times your del h which is your change in gradient because the change in gradient could be the same in h x y so you can take that out. What is going to be changing is your hydraulic conductivity because hydraulic conductivity is anisotropic and inhomogeneous. So what happens is it is not the same if it is the same well and good you can use the same values but most of the time the kxx is not equal to ky y is equal not equal to kz. So you will have to have this in a matrix format to solve the tensors and then when you make it big this is how it looks like. So expanding vector notation to represent flow in three dimensions you have qx qy and qz you also have to understand that kxx is the hydraulic conductivity of the water particle seeing the hydraulic conductivity the xx direction and then there is an xy plane an xz plane. Similarly you have kyz kyz on the yy plane kz zx and kz y on the zz plane. Most of the times these are zero which is what you saw on the previous slide by Fetter. So Fetter's book has given it as zero for all the other matrices just keeping the identity matrix the same. However it can also be different as per presentation but this is kept out as one del h as you can see here this del h value. So expanding the vector the matrix notation you get each equation separated out. So you have a qxx which is a function of your axx values dh by dx dh by dy and dh by dz why are these terms important because there is still a hydraulic conductivity term on the xy plane here it's on the xz plane so we have to see how it differentiates in the dh dy. Same thing can be done for the other q values also qx is done qy is done and qz is done. So what happens here is the hydraulic conductivity and permeability are tensors in these equations so these are solved using manually by the tensor notation in matrix however it is very very difficult and takes time to do for two points. Example you want to look at groundwater flow from one land to another land which is 100 meters. Are you going to do 100 meters in one equation? No normally you'll have to do segment segment segment and then a, b, c, d as I showed you in the previous slide you will have to estimate from a to b what is the flow from b to c what is the flow c to d etc etc and so that is where it is very important to understand it is not going to be easy doing it by manual calculations you will have to use groundwater modeling. So this aspect how these equations are processed in the groundwater modeling environment will be taught in the groundwater modeling lecture which is going to come in the following weeks. We will have a very detailed explanation of how these equations are formed and how they are solved in the groundwater modeling software and also use mod flow which is a open source software anyone can download it and use it the user interface is quite different but still you can get the values up. Most of the others use a proprietary software that can help the automation and visualization of mod flow results. We'll also see some of the packages. There is a student version that most of you can apply and work on. This is a trial version that you can use it for a month or two to learn the software and if you like it you can buy it. Now this is the important part what we saw in the previous slide is each point each point from one point to the other the dh dx the change from one axis point to another so from a to b you have a distance of dx. So dx is there dy is there dz that is a thickness of your cube thickness and height of your cube. So all this would differ and you would have the water moving through these cubes. So is it one cube? No it is a cube which is kept in tandem like a chain and through that the groundwater flow. So this is how you can visualize it. Your initial q is somewhere around inside here which is ijk and then on the top it will be ijk minus 1 because k is here inside there is a cube where we set up the equations I'll show you the equation this equation. So we made this equation based on one particular this equation we made particular cube and that's how we formed this equation. Now we're going into the other cubes that are around the initial cube. So there is a top there is a left there is a right and then there is a forward backward and bottom. All the three axes will have two two at least in front back up down sides. So now you could understand why you need a three-dimensional view of this groundwater. So it gets more and more complex right. So initially you started with two points a and b then you put a cube to it then the cube has multiple faces which is shared by other cubes and then the cube grows bigger. So this is how a system inside a groundwater domain is broken into cubes and then you estimate the flow between the cubes. Okay so on the top you have ijk the bottom is ijk plus one the minus one is on the top plus one and on the back is i minus one here this i plus one here it is minus j and here this is j plus one. So this is how it is represented in the real world I'll now remove the cube. Now what do you see here is somewhere anywhere inside is the first starting point where you have the data of the bore well where you have the well a. Okay so well a is somewhere let's say you put it somewhere here okay and b is somewhere here in the fourth layer. So now you have to make the water move through each and every cube to come here in a groundwater equation that is where it is very very complex to do it with hand and you will be using the softwares for it but to understand this is how it's done one cube to another cube you do the cube equation which is Darcy's law and then from there another Darcy's law another Darcy's law and then you come on. So you can also do this as an integration from 0 to 10 cubes and how they change. So here if you see in a real representation what they have done they have dissected the land in equal size cubes okay and then they have arranged it block wise and from one block it goes to another block. So this ijk that you saw in the previous slide is where it is here so ij and k okay so your i layer would be your width and then your rows and then the columns. So this is how you dissect and apply the Darcy's law at each stage in your model. Moving on you have used it for estimating the cube in a Darcy's law environment we have already looked at what is Darcy's law Darcy's law states that water moving from A to B in a saturated column would be governed by an equation which is saying it is proportional to the hydraulic conductivity and it is also proportional to the hydraulic gradient. The proportionality constant becomes your k and your area is also proportional okay so the hydraulic conductivity is kind of your proportionality constant where it changes your proportionality symbol into equal to sign we have seen this while we demonstrated Darcy's law. So here what we saw is how is Darcy's law applied from one point to the other point through A and B and how you can use these equations in time. So now the next step we'll be looking at is an unconfined layer is an unconfined layer as I clearly mentioned in the starting you will be using the setup that the unconfined layer can be saturated or unsaturated for using Darcy's law as for Darcy's information we are going to say it is going to be saturated because in the unconfined aquifer you have a water table and below the water table it is saturated and above it's not saturated so now one question comes why am I not looking at ground water flow here if there's no water there why is there going to be a flow okay so most of the people would say just leave the unconfined unsaturated layer I'm not interested because there's not fully saturated and unless there is full saturation there is not going to be water movement okay so I am going to only focus on the unconfined and saturated layer which is the bottom one okay so the this this layer is going to be unsaturated and so there's not much water connections happening and not much flow going to happen so I'm not going to be worried about it in the unconfined layer there is a saturated layer and that is where we are going to be working on and for that the same equation can be used from Darcy's law q is equal to minus k times del h where del h is your hydraulic gradient and it is also given as a function of your gradient as per the different axes x y and z and your hydraulic conductivity which is your proportionality constant can also be dissected in the three domains three axes as k x x k y y and k z z and then you you saw the same equation as I showed earlier now this is the representation in the real world and suppose you have layer one and layer two are unsaturated and on the top it is only be unconfined and all the layers are kind of an aquifer layer you don't have any impervious layer the impervious layers only at the bottom so the total thing for this example is going to be a unconfined aquifer in the unconfined aquifer as I said let's say third layer onwards there is water on top of that one and two are unsaturated so I'm not going to care about it so now what happens is you are going to neglect these layers from your groundwater assessment okay groundwater flow equations and you're going to only look at these places from A to B how is water going to move and since the understanding that all are area under the unsaturated zone or the water table so the water table would be somewhere around here right so on top of here let me say this is the imaginary water table and the monitoring points are below the water table which means it is saturated so now you can only use these three layers for your estimation of the groundwater flow the layer one and two is not needed because it's not going to happen your flow doesn't go up it has to go down because of gravity unless there is pumping there is a water movement on the top and there is capital fringe so here is where most of the vertical upward movement are neglected so no groundwater model will say oh I'm going to put some water because the amount of water moving up is very very less okay so in the real world there is some movement up but for estimation purpose it is not going to be very easy so we are going to neglect it most of the groundwater models will neglect it the key force acting on the water particle is your gravity and the force which is governed by the hydraulic potential is going to push it more down so you are going to see only water moving from your top surfaces to bottom because of hydraulic conductivity or your lateral movement okay so within the layer how it moves those kind of things so the unsaturated layer is not going to be captured most of the time in these big big models normally what you do is you inactivate these layers saying that yeah water will go up but let's not take over but infiltration can come in again soil infiltration which gives you water into the groundwater is acceptable but the infiltration does not constitute your groundwater flow or as long as the water comes and hits the groundwater table contributes the groundwater aquifer then it becomes groundwater flow until then it is only governed by infiltration equation there are many many infiltration equations green amp for example that is what governs the water movement from the top surface into the groundwater aquifer once the water moves into the groundwater aquifer it is governed by groundwater flow equations with that I think we have given a good understanding about the Darcy's law being used both in the confined aquifer and unconfined aquifer in the unconfined aquifer I told there could be a possibility of saturated versus unsaturated the unsaturated is not a big issue for us because we are not going to have water much there for water flow to occur so we are not going to study that we will be going to study the saturated part similarly in the confined aquifer we assume most of the water is saturated the soil material is saturated so the water flow is purely all equated through the Darcy's equation and just look at how simple and beautiful the equation is it has only two values which is your need of two values is your hydraulic gradient and hydraulic conductivity the hydraulic gradient is also simplified as the change in the head by the distance and the distance is very easily calculated because when I give you I want the groundwater flow from A to B I will give you the distance also right so I'll say what is the distance between A and B 100 meters I want how groundwater flows from A to B give me the flow but then I'll have to give you only one data which is your hydraulic head in A and hydraulic head in B so indirectly if I tell you the soil type let's say it is a clay medium then you can quickly go back to the books that I referred in the previous class on hydraulic conductivity values and you can apply that to estimate hydraulic conductivity we'll give you some of these homeworks so that you can also test it with this I would conclude today's lecture thank you


From around the globe, it's theCUBE, with digital coverage of next level network experience event brought to you by Infoblox. Welcome back to our coverage, theCUBE. I'm John Furrier, your host. We're here with a virtual event with Infoblox on next level networking. It's a virtual event hosted with theCUBE. We have a great guest, Kineya Vasuni, who is the EVP of products and corporate development with Infoblox. Kineya, thank you for coming on, appreciate it. My pleasure, John. You guys are, the theme of this is next level networking, which I love, next level, it really kind of illustrates. We are going to the next level with COVID-19, we're seeing it everywhere. Security, DNS, topic that most people aren't familiar with, but in IT, you know all about it. You guys are leading and reinventing DDI for the folks that want to know what that is. It's DNS, DHCP, and IP address management for the hybrid cloud and borderless enterprise, which is basically everything now. This is super, super important as we see every single company living this right now, which is workforces working from home, workplaces that are transforming, the surface area is huge, you still got to connect to the internet, you still need to go to websites, you still do e-commerce, you need to run your business. This is a huge, huge problem that's been highlighted. Secure access there, you guys are in the forefront of the next generation of networking, tell us what you define as next level. So John, I think one of the things you will see is if you look at the trends happening in our business, there is an increasing adoption of SaaS services, whether it's infrastructure as a service being consumed from AWS, Azure, or Google, or all the IT applications moving into SaaS. You're already seeing a shift away from this data center being the center of the universe in the enterprise IT infrastructure to more of a cloud edge world, where a lot of the applications now sit in the cloud, some in your private cloud still, but a lot in the public cloud. And then you have your enterprise edge from where you want to get to these applications directly instead of backhauling all the traffic into your traditional data center. We're also seeing a big portion to the number of devices coming into the infrastructure, whether it's BYOD, IOT, 5G, so more devices coming into the infrastructure. As you said, that perimeter and the surface area of the enterprise has exploded. So you have to start to think about security from a different standpoint. So all of these trends are starting to play out in the market. I think what you're going to see is over the next couple of years that the network inside the enterprise is going to look very different from what it is today. Today, everything gets backhauled to the data center and that's where all the action is. I think what you're going to see is a big shift towards what we call a hybrid, multi-cloud enterprise where you may have some workloads sitting in your data center, some workloads sitting in public clouds, some in your private cloud, and then you want the ability to move these workloads around. You're virtualizing everything, all your applications.  So it poses a very, very interesting challenge and that's why we say you need a next level network experience to deal with all the changes that enterprises are going through right now. That's a great point. This is our top story that we've been reporting for a long time, but most recently with COVID-19, this notion of multiple networks, multiple environments, multiple clouds. Certainly hybrid cloud has been ratified. Everyone pretty much acknowledges that cloud operations on-premises to the cloud are there, but you got to still move packets from A to B, move them around and now you're storing them and all kinds of things are happening. But I want to get your thoughts on a trend that even makes what you just said even more complex because the complexity is crazy right now. There's a trend of managed services. As cloud explosion comes on, you mentioned SaaS. More companies are deploying managed services, sometimes multi-tenants, sometimes pure instances in the cloud or on-premises and data center. That's causing access. I still want to integrate that into a web presence. I got to integrate all these things. It's not that easy. Now again, DNS has been a big part of the web presence, but now you have a new dimension of hosted applications. You have managed services that are easy to stand up, but now I got to integrate them. This is one of the hardest challenges that we're hearing. I want to get your thoughts and reaction to that. Yeah, and I think COVID has certainly accelerated the shift that we talked about. So I think good point there in terms of just COVID acting as a big accelerant in terms of the shift to the cloud. I think one of the key role that we play as the enterprise gets much more dynamic is you need three elements. You need the element to get visibility into everything that's going on in your infrastructure. You need to provide a layer of security, a foundational layer of security in your infrastructure, and you need automation because when you have workloads moving around, you need to automate all your ITSM workflows around allocating IP addresses to these VMs or containers and moving as containers move around, reclaiming IP addresses, assigning new IP addresses, managing DNS records for them. So the work we do, the DDI layer really becomes the lifeblood of how this hybrid multi-cloud enterprise comes along. And as you get to a much more distributed IT infrastructure, you are not going to be able to manage this entire infrastructure yourself the traditional way, right?  What you need because the enterprise has become so distributed and dynamic is you need a cloud-managed paradigm or a managed services paradigm, right? In either case, basically what you see, what you're looking at is a centralized management model and the ability to sort of spin up and tear down these services dynamically. We are strong believers in SAS or a cloud-managed approach and a cloud-native architecture being the right architecture for the next level network. And that is something from a delivery standpoint and MSP can use. A managed services provider can leverage this cloud-managed architecture that we have to offer these services to enterprise customers and take away the whole headache of managing and administering their own infrastructure. I like how you said DDI layer because there's an abstraction you can create, take away that complexity. That was pretty straightforward in the past. You had DNS, DHCP, IP addresses. Okay, you manage those spaces, no problem, naming, whatnot. Now you have a dynamic environment. That's key. I want to get back to, and follow up when you said about the IT folks, your customers and the enterprise. They're sitting there saying, hey, I'm used to the on-premises world and I have cloud. What's the difference in your mind between on-premises and cloud-managed DDI? And why does it matter? Yeah, look, I think in the traditional world, all the IT infrastructure, right? Again, was sitting in one or more regional or regional or centralized data centers. And it was easy to manage. You could deploy appliances from Infoblox and it was easy to sort of, you had IT folks sitting in these data centers and they could manage the entire infrastructure using some on-premise management tools and things of that nature. But now think about it, if you're a Walmart and you have 12,500 store, right now, if you want to push DNS, DHCP, IP address, management software into all these 12,500 locations, it is very difficult to do that by deploying individual appliances or by deploying sort of shrink-wrapped software that has to sit in every one of these locations. It's just from an IT administration standpoint, it's a much heavier lift. But if I could take all the management and all the policy management, the policy framework and pull that up into a SaaS cloud that you can access from anywhere on the planet, right? And I'll leave the protocol serving engines, if you will, on-premise. So you have a container that gets spun up, that can sit on any third-party hardware that's sitting at your infrastructure. But it is all managed through the cloud, it's zero-touch provision and completely orchestrated. Now you're sitting at a central dashboard and if you are in a COVID environment, you're sitting at home and just accessing our SaaS service and managing your entire infrastructure from your home, from your couch at your home, right? So it just becomes so much easier for IT administrators to operate and run such a network.  They might do that, yes. They might do that, yes. Stash dashboard, that's a great point.   But you add the word experience in there and I want to get your thoughts on that because it is about the user experience. What do you guys do to provide that? What does Infoblox provide specifically to provide that next level experience? Yeah, that's a great question. We are firm believers, again, that the future of networking and security in IT is going to shift to a cloud managed, cloud native paradigm, right? Which means you should be able to, just like the hyperscalers, the AWS is the Google's and Azure's of the world, right? If you look at how they build out their cloud infrastructure, it's all about separating the infrastructure layers for the compute layer from the applications that sit on top of them. So the compute nodes can scale at a different pace from the applications. That same mindset needs to come into managing networking and security services as well. So if you have a thousand different edge locations, let's say, right? You can decide through a centralized policy framework what services you want to spin up at all these thousand locations. Now today, you would have to buy a box, a small, medium, large box from Infoblox or any one of the networking guys out there. And you would have to deploy that and most likely you will end up over provisioning each site because you don't want to run out of capacity. The next level experience would say, look, just tell me what sites you want to deploy. The sites will call home. They will download the number of services needed based on some centralized policy that was defined. And you would get a right size deployment of services at that particular site. You need more services because say the user profile, the profile of the users at that site change, which means you need to spin up, let's say, a couple of additional security services. Well, that gets automatically pulled from the cloud and gets instantiated in that particular site. If you need more capacity because it's end of the quarter and you're doing a whole bunch of some financial transactions for closing the books, you need more capacity for some of the security applications. Those additional containers with those security applications can get spun up. So you are starting to scale out as you need and scale back when you don't need the capacity. But this whole thing becomes a very dynamic experience in terms of how services get spun up, they get torn down. And it's all driven by this whole notion of the users that are sitting at a location, the context of the users, so what devices they are trying to access these applications from. What is the time of the day? How is the security profile of that device? You bring all that know-how into the how services get provision and how services get operationalized at any particular site in any particular enterprise, right? So a very simple experience when it comes to networking and security and how do you deploy that scale? And the thing that that sets up is what you were saying earlier about automation. Because once you're in this mode and this experience, the environment lends itself well to automation because it is downloaded in the right services you need. But since it's dynamic and it needs to be ready, how does automation fit into that piece? Absolutely, right? If it is SaaS managed, it is already automated for you. And now if you wanted to drive further automation and orchestration through integration with your DevOps, SecOps, NetOps tools, we have public APIs through which this can be driven. So two ways to manage this, right? We have a cloud services portal. So if somebody wanted to go in and leverage our portal to manage their infrastructure, they can do that. If they wanted this to be completely programmatic and driven through their DevOps, SecOps tools, then through the public APIs, we will tightly integrate into all the tools they have, whether it's Ansible, Terraform, some of the DevOps tools, or on the security side, if you want to integrate us into your SOAR platform, security orchestration platforms, you can do that in your entire workflow, where networking as well as security can be completely automated. That's awesome. I want to get, as we get a little bit of time left, I know you got it to go and we have to hard stop with the segment here. Customer example, obviously customers have a need for this. You're in business to do this. Can you give an example of a customer that kind of illustrates the next level networking? We have 6,000 plus active customers. We have over 50% share when it comes to this DNS, DHCP, IPAM market. So you will see us deployed in 95 out of the Fortune 100 enterprises, right? So Infoblox is someone you will see in any customer that you go through. We have some public references such as Adobe, a great customer of ours on our website. Their entire global network runs on the foundational layer of DDI. We have some very large customers that are not as comfortable being public references, but we have, again, if you have 95 out of the Fortune 100 enterprises running you, you can imagine how sticky we are and how broadly deployed we are. Typically what happens is we would go in and we would go in as the DDI layer for them to control and manage their IP address space and their DNS in the infrastructure. Then they take on more of a, they take on a security lens at this and say, look through DHCP and IPAM, I know everything that is sitting in my infrastructure and through DNS, I have full visibility into all the communication happening from that endpoint. So that's a great data source for me to leverage to as a first layer of defense from a security standpoint. So then they start to bring in security into the mix in terms of how they leverage our product. And then through our SaaS platforms and SaaS offerings, they take that and extend it as they are driving this edge transformation. So they push these services now to the edge of the infrastructure. So, and the new offerings, our Blocks One platform is our SaaS platform and Blocks One based applications are our new offerings that integrates very nicely with some of our traditional offerings. So you get a very comprehensive single pane of glass in terms of how you can manage your entire enterprise footprint, whether it's on-prem at the edge, in the public cloud, at the cloud edge. Right? You know, having a good business model that puts abstractions and reduces complexities is a great one. We've seen the innovation with DNS and anything that needs an internet address, you got to connect and IoT only creates more need for connections. This is the key. And it prices no DNS, they know that it's the plumbing, we all know, but every time there's an innovation inflection point, a new abstraction layer emerges for simplicity, ease of use. DNS is the phone book of the internet, right? So you want to call anywhere you have to first do a DNS lookup and you brought up IoT, that's a great example. You're not going to be able to put in these IoT sensors, you're not going to be able to put endpoint security software, but they are going to call home. So you can leverage DNS and do some behavioral analysis of the DNS traffic coming out of those IoT sensors or IoT endpoints and say, hey, look, is there something malicious going on? Why is my thermostat talking to a server in China? You can detect that through a DNS based security layer that is foundational in your infrastructure. And to your point, whether it's a light bulb or anything that's a device, they're being turned on and turned off all the time at massive scale. There's no other way to handle it, but have an abstraction and automation. Absolutely. Kania, thank you very much. Thank you very much for your time, great segment. We're here at the Infoblox virtual event, this is theCUBE coverage. I'm John Furrier, thanks for watching. Thank you, John. You're welcome.


Whitehall 1212 quickly the first time in history Scotland Yard opens its secret files to bring you the authentic true stories of some of its most baffling cases Research on Whitehall 1212 is prepared by Percy Hoskins chief crime reporter the London Daily Express The stories for radio are written and directed by Willis Cooper Here are the participants in case number 604 MR 530 from the official files of Scotland Yard Leo M. Stefanovich former member of the Polish Navy Yes, I deserted the Navy Marianne Koniecki who'd fought in Spain, but I am interesting his money Kazemir Kashuba Who was found dead? Albert Stevens the copper's nark. It's a living Superintendent Alistair Watkins of Scotland Yard I must warn you that if you expect high adventure in Limehouse or Sinister Oriental's lurking in dark byways you'd best turn out your wireless now We're quite ordinary people at Scotland Yard professional policeman Catches of criminals and we don't go in much for the picturesque the way we are sometimes pictured However, if you'd like to see how we proceed upon a case, I'll ask you to step inside our black museum and meet the man in charge of it Come in This is Chief Inspector John Davidson who's in charge here. How do you do? I'm afraid that the so-called black museum is neither black nor a museum Nor is it the ground guignol? We have here large number of guns knives other weapons which have been used in crimes They've also disguises clothing exhibits of all sorts that have helped in solving many of these crimes I think you ought to explain John why we keep these gruesome relics. Yes indeed They're here for a purpose quite removed from idle curiosity They're principally for the use of the men of Scotland Yard in studying crime techniques and exemplars of crime methods They bring to life the cold words contained in our files and the most useful as well as graphic for example In this case superintendent Watkins is re-enacting for you. Now. This is a bullet that killed a man It was fired from this gun That it took caliber walk the automatic pistol And it was Scotland Yards job to prove that and this the top of an ordinary mechanical pencil This is a very important bit of evidence Just a cheap little metal pencil wasn't cheap for the man who lost it young cost him his life you see We were standing in the corner of a saloon bar in Whitechapel talking Albert Stevens the coppers knock and me I expect you don't know what a knock is N a R K in America. I think you call him a stool pigeon Every detective in the world has his pet knock and Albert Stevens was mine It's an insignificant place. We were in and Albert Stevens two-mile and bitters had set him talking 16 to the dozen I don't suppose you'd know him by sight sir, but I could tell you how to find them That is I've seen them about here and there It's American cigarettes are ending now But they ain't got many left and when they're sold out on they'll try something else regarding ideas of us No, sir, not yet, but it'll be something big. I'm sure of that. Do they know you do you suppose? Hey, nobody notices a taxi driver, sir They've wrote in my cab twice now, and they've never even looked at my face, but I've looked at them Will you have another mild and bitter Albert? Well, I wouldn't say no, sir. Yeah, miss Phillips up here. Will you again? Will you thank you? There's some kind of foreignness that they are. Thank you miss This I know They're in the black market up to here. You said that What kind of foreigners I can't understand them much except when they talk about well what they think is English Greeks or Spaniards or Russians. I think all three of them But they tip quite nice, too, but you're sure they're in the black market. No doubt about it, sir I hear enough about it. Don't know their names. Well, one is called Marion Marion and the other's name is Kashmir Maybe it's an Hindu and the other is a gentleman in some kind of Navy sir not ours some foreign Navy He wears a uniform who seems to be the boss. Well, I'd say this year Kashmir is The odd man is that all you know about them then that's all I know right now, sir Well ain't that worth three pints of mild and bitter sir. Yeah, just about Albert Well, I was sort of hoping you'd have a spare tensioning note on you sir I have Albert but not for you Milad When you've something better than a comic trio of foreigners who jibber about American cigarettes maybe but not till then Would you like to buy a magnificent new solid gold mechanical pencil, sir? Yeah, yeah sacrifice potential in where'd you get it a lady gave it to me, sir Now what say say seven and sixty user come now Albert you know that's worth all of nine points nine percent sir I need the money come off it Albert. Well, then sir what? What what did you say if I told you these foreign blokes is murderers shouldn't believe a word of it? They might be sir. Well when you can prove it come round and see me Albert. Well, don't I get another pine, sir? Yeah, miss another of the same for my friend here Night Albert Scotland yard next morning. I Walked leisurely down the long corridor on the second floor the lease to my office a Voice hail me as I opened the door to my office and I look back It was Detective Sergeant Llewellyn a Welshman who'd been a constable at the water Street police station when I was a sergeant Here was a welcome face David I said I've not seen you in six months longer than that indeed superintendent. It's ten months And I'm very glad to be seeing you where have you been to the army all this time, sir I was seconded to my five. Yes. Yes. I heard that was tiresome work, but now I'm back. Thanks indeed to the Lord Taking a well-earned rest. I expect oh indeed to goodness. No, there's no rest for the wicked I'm on a case already and we have dinner this evening then.   They found him shot to death in his car early this morning. Where? Chepstow Place Notting Hill the constable who found him in his car parked beside the curb thought he was taking with drink But it was a 32 caliber bullets in the back at his neck and out the front of his head very gory Know who he was a foreigner. It seems with the name of Kasmir Kersuba. Oh Whatever's the matter then do you know him come on in my room here? I Don't know the chap, but I have an idea. I know someone who does indeed to goodness. Come on in. Come on in while I telephone That is number in my book here At least a number where I can reach him Ah here it is Whoever is he's superintendent chap named Albert Stevens unlock talking to him just last night Mention the chap named cashmere. He called him far enough This might be Where is the beggar? Every little bit. Oh, oh, hello is Albert there Albert Stevens When he comes in tell him to telephone Watkins Watkins got that Watkins W-a-t-k-i-n-s. He knows me. What do you want? Just tell him to call me. That's all Where to call yes, it's very important you understand All right, have him telephone me at once. Goodbye Not there He'll telephone me I say where can I read you? I've got all this report on the man to write up for goodness sake I'll be in my office till noon. Oh, he'll telephone me before that. I'm sure Well, I must be going sir. I'm sorry. I couldn't reach him just now But I'll be in touch with you as soon as I hear from him I'll be very grateful to you sir. It was good seeing you again. I mean a long time Llewellyn Now goodbye. So long so long old chap. Oh, you dropped something. Hey, where? There on the floor beside your right foot. Oh I must lose this. What is it? Found it from the car with the dead man. Huh? A tough off a cheap mechanical pencil Let's see it. You mind not at all Don't have to be careful of fingerprints. They've had it in the laboratory. Nothing on it That's it. Pick up on sir. I've seen this pencil before Llewellyn Millions of them about in a doubt. The chap that was killed must have lost it. No Hey, I've seen this particular one before I saw it last night. I don't follow you sir That settles it. Look here closely. Yes See these initials scratched on it Very tiny here Probably done with a pocket knife Look at my A.S. By Crikey. A.S. That's what they are Who's do you suppose he offered to sell it to me last night? Who? Albert Stevens the copper's knock. I was just trying to telephone goodness sake So that's why he hasn't come home. Hey He said he knew this chasmier He said chasmier had money And money was what he needed. Well, chasmier was robbed. We know that But I never knew a copper's knock to have the courage to commit murder, sir Why I I bought him the courage old boy four pints of mild and bitter Suppose that makes me an accessory to murder The constables who were dispatched to the home of albert stevens reported that he was still absent At 11 the next morning. He had not yet come home. His wife knew nothing of his whereabouts Nor did the garage people where he usually kept his cab At noon a teletype signal was sent to all metropolitan police stations giving a description of the man And the number of his cab 301 the same information was published next day in metropolitan informations which goes to all police officers There was no immediate response neither the man nor the cab could be found By now superintendent watkins had been officially assigned to the case And on the morning of the fourth day. We held a strategy meeting in his office He had some new information for me They found the gun indeed, sir. They'd been taking the car to pieces down at hendon for it, you know They found a 32 caliber walther automatic pistol hidden in the lining of the top good Our friend chasmere was killed by a 32 caliber bullet, you know And ballistics assures me that this is the gun from which it was fired good fingerprints What fingerprints none The ballistics say they're sure that more than one shot was fired from the gun. How could they tell that? There are two cartridges missing from the clip and Seems they found too much powder fouling in the receiver and the barrel for one shot I I don't quite understand, but they are quite positive They find more than one bullet only the one that went through chasmere's head Was embedded in the dash of the car. Where's this out of one then somebody else's body, I say That who's I say yes Oh Superintendent Watkins him Hello, sir, hello again. Oh good Found him. Oh, where was he sitting in his taxi cab where? What has he dead? So that's where the other bullet went. I admit I'd more or less dropped a break in pinning all my hopes of a quick solution of the case on Albert Stevens The well and I moved at once to realign our strategy This was our estimate of the situation It is possible that Stevens did murder chasmere, of course Uh possible but not probable the forensic laboratory people the ballistics people Say that the bullet they found in Stevens body was fired from the same gun that killed chasmere The 32 walter automatic they found in the car But then Who killed who? I suspect that since the gun was found in the car with chasmere He was the last one shot, wouldn't you? Well, then of course Stevens couldn't have killed him right Stevens must have been dead and at the bottom of the Thames when chasmere was shot Then who killed chasmere? Obviously not Stevens The forensic laboratory can tell us who died first. I hope we know how the gun It was with chasmere remember Unless someone shot him then took the gun and killed Stevens with it pushed him into the Thames And then brought the gun back Sounds silly indeed Then who shot chasmere? One of Stevens friends might have if he knew chasmere killed Stevens revenge How do we know chasmere shot Stevens? Well, besides Stevens didn't have any friends Except me And I don't think I did it his wife perhaps. Yeah Perhaps Well, besides how could she get that gun? No friends None I know I knew Albert rather well Ha what? chasmere had friends Albert told me about them who? A man named um woman's name um Marion I don't know him and a man who wears a foreign navy uniform Polish Chasmere was Polish and a deserter. I suspect our man's a deserter too They were all mixed up in the black market Albert said what sort of black market sir.  Well, Albert that's simple They found out he was an informer a knock Why chasmere? Oh people have been murdered for money before Perhaps chasmere was cheating them. He was apparently the boss Well a crook who cheats a fellow crook is asking for it Let's get on to Marion and the navy officer All we have to do is find them Now allow me to digress for a moment There was of course no record anywhere of chasmere's former address We put people on that at once Suspecting that Marion and the navy officer might live close to chasmere's home But another day dragged by without tangible result I was sitting gloomily in my office Trying to think of a more tenable theory than the one we had tentatively adopted. Oh plus the phone Yes, walk into you. What's her name? What's she want? Send her in and ask sergeant Llewellyn if you'll just step in here Come in Good afternoon madam Sit down madam. I thank you You said you knew something about chasmere Kashuba. Yeah, I found the express that he's dead extremely and good enough for him, I'd say You knew him? He was a crook I'm afraid you're rather late in telling us that madam. Well, I mean to say I What sort of dealings did you have with him? I never had any Well, I mean you cheated me and now he's dead. How am I going to get that the 17 pounds I gave him? That's what I want to know. Why did you give him 17 pounds? Oh, excuse me, sir. Oh, come on in Llewellyn This is miss dot here. Yes, sir. I'm a music host out the Shibascus Empire How do you do madam to sit down Llewellyn? Seems miss tougher has given chasmere 17 pounds. Whatever for miss? Well, it's rather silly of me, but I couldn't resist it. Resist what? Well, I was having a late supper after the show last tuesday and there was a man Kashmere, Kashuba it turned out to be sitting two tables away from me. That's the first time you met him Of course. Do you think that uh On the table before him was the most magnificent handbag handbag a woman's handbag the kind I hadn't seen for simply years I couldn't resist doing what I did What did you do madam? Oh, I know it's breaking the law, but isn't everyone in the black market? Not everyone exactly. Oh, well I just stepped over to the table and introduced myself and he gave me his name and I said Would you mind terribly telling me where you've got that adorable bag? I wanted one myself, you know black market So he said he manufactured them and that I could have one if I liked All I had to do was to give him 17 pounds so that he could buy the special leather it was made of And in a day or two I could call at his flat And it should be ready for me. Do you see and you fell for that old one? You called at his flat Would you believe it when I called he professed never having seen me?  I did not later perhaps. I never killed anyone in my life I'm a lord Will you give us the address my dear law abiding young woman? No, it's in made of ale somewhere I think I have it here in my shabby old handbag Thank you very much miss An actress I think you said yeah. Well, that'll be all miss telfer and thank you very much come along well Yes, but you're not going to get it back miss telfer. What? You're very fortunate The black markets cost you only 17 pounds. It cost casimir's life ready one Within 20 minutes a scotland yard car dropped us at the address in made of ale miss telfer actress had supplied us We interviewed the proprietor of that dismal place A cross-eyed young man in an unusually dirty waistcoat in the red mingis tartan His name he informed us was ian caldplyche and he had a cold There he ain't here. We're quite aware of that my good man He's dead. Did you murder him? So are you in the black market too? Though may we see his room Tate is very boy. Who's is it then? About the bad who? officer Navy officer. Oh rn rnr or rnvr not one of ours Polish daily when did this polish naval officer take the room mr. Caldplyche Day after the murder or you know the day of the murder then I can't read Was it all the paper is this man here now? No, will he return He always has was this naval officer a friend of kasmir's I don't know. May we see the room? Got a warrant. Yes. All right Second door on the left. Come on Lou It's a lot. Come on No, leave the door open Lou our friend with a runny nose might just warn him that we're here Right. I'll keep watch While louellen kept watch from the open door I made a quick search of the place. I found nothing at all of any apparent importance Until I went for the pockets of the navy great coat in the closet I was about to exhibit my findings to louellen when he hissed sharply at me from the doorway What's up chap coming in wearing a navy uniform If you'll come in commander will be glad to tell you Who are you sergeant louellen of scotland yard? I think you'd best come in sir Come in sir What is the meaning of this may I ask? What is your name, please? Leo ms. The funwoods commander of polish navy What do you want? I should like to ask you a question Well, may I ask you where you've got this mechanical pencil, sir? I will tell you I got it. Uh Well, where did you get it?  Yes, I told him not it was marion who did it not me Oh our friend marion he did it Yes, I am telling you the truth marion. You know where marion is I will take you to him. Yes, I will help you. He did it and I will help you find him Please let me take you to him. Will you please kasimir was my friend I'm just wondering something inspector. Huh? I am wondering if albert stevens was also his friend Let's go and find your friend marion shall we commander It was a quiet little hotel we drove to in the west end Inspector whatkins and me and the commander all jammed in the police car together The clerk nodded in a familiar way to stapanovitz when we entered is my friend in yes, sir Oh, don't announce us, please. We will work to lift ourselves Get in gentlemen Now we shall see just is done. Indeed The first floor gentlemen the door directly opposite Uh here early old marion No one We are from scotland yard, sir I warn you both of you that anything you say will be taken down in writing and maybe you should never Murderer what yes these gentlemen have come to arrest you for the murder of kassimil So correct.   He's the mother Look this man. He's the one who fires shot The one who did it I I see him do it.  I was in a front seat He did a shot craft. Oh, thank you sir Gentlemen gentlemen marion connect me and leo stapanovitz I arrest you both on suspicion of having been involved in the murder of kassimil kasuba and of albert steven You've both been warned Have you nothing to say At the trial the two men admitted all the details of the two murders Albert stevens it seems had talked too much about his relations with the police and Someone in a moment of rage had shot him and his cab had been dumped into the Thames Walking away from there together. They'd stolen a motor car Kassimil kasuba who had been drinking heavily tweeted his companions about the new hold he had on them as murderers He boasted that he'd had no part in the crime And one of the two men had shot him in the back of the neck with a walter automatic pistol Each man blamed the other The jury took 25 minutes to decide who was guilty Mr. Justice mcconnick. He placed the black cap on his head marion connect me and leo stapanovitz The jury have found you and each of you guilty of the murder of kassimil kasuba It is the sentence of the court that you and each of you be taken to a lawful prison and pledged to a place of execution That you be there each of you hang by the neck continue that day The two men appealed the verdict and one They were immediately tried for the murder of albert stevens and again heard the fatal words That you there each of you be hanged by the neck continue that day The latter sentence was carried out You have heard the eighth in the series whitehall one two one two Compiled by special permission from the official files of scotland yard Only the names have been changed. Otherwise the story is true Research for whitehall one two one two is prepared by persie huskins of the london daily express And the stories for radio are written and directed by willis cooper and produced by jack goldstein and collie small Three chimes mean good times on nbc. There's adventures zooming your way today with jewell mccray featured in another authentic story based on the files of the texas rangers


Actually, in the field, some farmers started just to use just a portion of their land activating based on From farmers point of view, that is north of China. And if that is the case, I don't think you can change it. And second point, what distance? Mechanite? Sheet? How does she? Okay. Mechanite? Yes sir? Now, I was wondering whether when you calculate the typical cause, whether you consider mechanisms and substitutions of mechanisms, because that may be used as a typical cause. We cannot use a plan for a very specific cause. So in the last one decade, the mechanism has taken that may be used as a typical cause, and that can be considered as a COVID. It's not a question, it's actually a comment. I find this a fascinating study case, particularly when it's contrasted with what's happening in, say, Bangladesh and Tamil Nadu and other places. And it's like land reform is considered a positive in here, and places like Bangladesh and Tamil Nadu, there wasn't land reform, but things have gone further in terms of development. And it's interesting that people have hung on to their lands when the labour operator, who's really the actual farmer. I would say the other farmer in the system out here, because they're doing a lot of the work, they have actually not been able to undergo a process of taking on ownership of the land. Now if we contrast that to Bangladesh over the last 50 years, we have seen that poorer households have actually taken up farming, have expanded their rice base with time, and the larger households have actually disinvested in land. And that way farming has remained very much more strongly an owner operated system by active farmers who are still doing the operations themselves. And they've actually expanded their base by renting in land and the tenancy laws, tenancy practices have changed without government intervention, but they've actually changed around the economy. So it's like, I'm concerned about the Philippine situation in terms of how you've got this special type of labourer who's only getting 10% of the harvest, or 20% of the harvest. It's quite exploitative of the labourers, not enabling them to actually step out with their own development. I just find this very, very fascinating. Yeah, that kind of voluntary transaction for efficient farming is actually the ideal situation. I think the problem is if government regulates that kind of voluntary transaction, that is a source of income efficiency. So I say a lot of hand on top, but we have a time limitation. Okay, so we take one question, Bruce, and you, Susan, and lots of four questions. We hope we can finish it in five minutes. So everybody, simple, more brief. Thank you for a very informative presentation. I noted that lack of land consolidation may be a constraint to ownership of mechanization. But if indeed there is a strong demand for mechanization, what is it that prevents the emergence of the market for services? Because mechanization services has in other places, like ownership and renting out of tractors. Yeah, I think when hand tractor is introduced, the rental market for the hand tractor is quite active. I think similar happening in the combined handsets among the miners. I'd like to address the issue of the low profitability in the wet season. What your data show is some increase in input use in the wet season, but not an increase in yield. There is a tendency to inefficient input use without addressing the risks in the wet season. In the dry season, the yields are going up and going up more than some of the inputs. There's really a case to be made in the Philippines for redistribution of inputs between the wet season and the dry season. I think this could be one of the very important added implications for policy that can come out of the loop. It is very nice to hear from you once again, K. This is a real pleasure. Just a quick question. You mentioned that the wet season rice yield and more of it is stagnated. Wet season rice yield per farm and also decrease of it. The wet season rice yield at almost at 6 tons, which is fairly high. I was just wondering, what does that tell to the Philippine government in terms of trying to achieve a higher level of subspecies? I would say 100%, but there are some serious problems there. In terms of the things to be done, what would you suggest based on this study? If you say it's very big, then we can't reserve it. You can just have it done. The point I think is the same. For the sustainability of the grain revolution, the issue we have to think about at this time is this. My suggestion is also to the government. If the farmers get any orders, do you think they will give up rice farming? That's my question too. I have to say sorry because we have already 10 minutes more. If you have some questions, you can discuss with K. But here I have to close because everybody has their own job. I would like to thank K to give us the great lessons to hear. Here we have our subjectifications to indicate our appreciation from our third seminar community. Thank you. Remember for the video on the way out, there's a merry end next door. If you want to play the game of rice, pick up the sheet on your way out.


Geometrothermodynamics, GTH, is a formalism that combines contact geometry and Riemannian geometry to study thermodynamic systems. It allows for the invariance of classical thermodynamics under Legendre transformations, meaning that the properties of the system are independent of the choice of thermodynamic potential. GTH also provides a variational principle that generates fundamental equations, which can be applied to cosmological models. In particular, one such equation relating entropy, internal energy, and volume of the universe was constructed and used to fix parameters to match the inflationary era and the standard cosmological paradigm. This article was authored by Orlando Luongo and Hernando Cuavado.


So I have here a bunch of unify HDs and a bunch of unify nanos sitting here And I'm probably just basking in some Wi-Fi Actually, these aren't even adopted yet because that's what they're getting ready for is a client project And why do we sell so many unify ubiquities and I there's always going to be some hater in the comment I use one once and it fell apart I've had someone tell me that they can't get one to state up and running for more than like a day They just fall apart and I don't understand this probably there's a lot more to the story than they're letting on To they probably spent zero time reading how any of this stuff works And he just plugged it in and it didn't work the way they expected and I just kind of take those people and take the haters They need a hug they need to our TFM and do you know take them with a grain of salt too? Back to you bequity here So one of the things we've seen in the market over the years and I've been working in tech for over 20 years now is This constant Let's build a license model software as a service license model around there And of course they build all these in this is famous in the Cisco world the channel partner networks And then everything has a fee everything has a license and that license keeps occurring recurring recurring and then they pay the channel partners get a percentage and That's cool. If you're just in this business to make money. Don't even look at these This is probably not for you if you're going, you know And I've had literally text many of them unfortunately tell me this And I see unfortunately because I'm just not a big fan of this mentality in the tech business of I'd sell them But you know, they don't have license fees that can make enough money on What's a great product? Well, that's besides the point and I've you know This is a common thing if you spend time in any of the tech forums They first look at what the commission rate is on a product before they'll look at you know Things like security quality a product. Is it a right fit for your client? A lot of times it starts with Well, what can I make what's my recurring monthly on this? What's my recurring annual when they do a renewal on these license fees? Well, that's like some tech's very first thoughts on that and this is where you ubiquity has really made themselves stand out in the market And I've even watched a competitor. So people told me oh look at open mesh time and as soon as I see an open mesh I'm like they don't have a business model They're going to sell me a product and give me a free dashboard. That's not sustainable free cloud dashboards at some point Someone's got to pay the cloud bill and the cloud is just someone else's computer as we all know that means there's a fee and The ideally I guess their plan was we're going to sell enough product to keep giving people a free dashboard and That's that's definitely going to be problematic. And of course it was they got acquired and now there's a fee For the dashboard data will bought them. So let's go back to Unify here Their business model has been and something we really like we've deployed thousands of these the fact that you can self host the Controller now that is a game changer in the market really and especially making Ubiquity stand out against all the competitors because we've seen some of these companies and they just keep raising fees You get them put in here and you know you have to pay those license fees And I'm not saying there's no value in paying license fees But I'm saying there is a problem when those license fees can get kind of changed arbitrarily When they just kind of go up because well it they decided I need to make more money And this creates a real problem for some of the business owners because they feel very trapped and locked in second they also have the problem of All their data being somewhat in control I know the data doesn't loop out and go to the cloud there's this misconception that it goes out to the controller and comes back It doesn't that wouldn't make any sense to do it that way, but you are relinquishing control Once you give that cloud that cloud that dashboard outside external from your company is where all the settings live And can only be controlled you have no internal control This is especially as some of the larger corporate companies are really looking at this going You know there's a lot that feeds over to here that we don't have this direct control over And this has become a bigger and bigger concern and unify offering the controller and I like this business model They sell hardware that hardware part of the funding that goes not only to making and researching new and better hardware Also goes to a dev team that spends time Building this controller software and the controller software can be self-hosted or they've also left options for companies Like myself to play middleman and we host a controller that controllers hosted in our stack And then we manage the Wi-Fi for our clients because they don't want to manage the controller themselves This specific project is going to an internal IT team and that's one of the ring reasons They really like this they go wow We can just put this system in we can manage all of our locations from our central data center And all of our little satellite offices through a dashboard just like we do This is one of the things that makes ubiquity really stand out The quality of their product is really good the things that I see text mostly getting mad about is the fact that they their customers can figure out The end pricing the customers can buy it so it gets this In a lot of these people says what must be a consumer product because consumers can buy it No, no, this is just them looking at the business model differently. This is how unify has stood out in the market Have we had any of problems with these? Yeah a couple minor, but we're talking Thousands of deployments have I ever had a switch go bad by unify I've had this brought up in me before and I'm like Yeah, and we are made it was no big deal matter of fact their switches are one unlicensed You don't have to have a license for their access points or switches or their equipment and their army process is easy And we've had people because of the great pricing on their equipment We just help people keep a spare and they don't think to do that in some of the other markets because let's take For example, if you were to even keep a spare you're gonna have to pay a license fee on it for something You're not using well with unify you don't and this has been a real game changer Now like I said, there's gonna be some IT people that just don't like them because of that And I see all kinds of people that are complaining about there's not enough support Etc. Etc. And yeah, they kind of rely on people like me and be in the middle for support But they offer an amazing amount of documentation read the manual and I know that's something not every tech wants to do They just want to sell it they want to plug it in the magic happen Well, maybe then you're best suited to sell something that has those license fees because those licensees do go to Making the magic happen without you having to think about it or understand some of the technology and Implementation behind it and we have not had a problem You know making money selling these making money to manage these for clients and making money on the deployments And we have no problem at all when people say I don't want to buy it from you But I just want to pay you for your time to set it up. That's a perfectly fine We did a deployment for a hospital They had bought all of them themselves because of the quantity they were really fighting for the best price with their internal IT team I said doesn't skip me. Just go completely pay me for the labor I'll give you a quote on just the configuration deployment and they go well, that's reasonable and These are business models that have allowed us because obviously the competitor had no interest in that because they wanted to make a Commission on the hardware they wanted to make a commission on the labor They want to make a commission on all the recurring revenue for licensing fees and sell them On all of that and this is I mean that's fine I guess that if you're just in this business to make money then probably that's a better way to go than the Unify route It will require less manual reading because a lot of them work more out of the box But the default configs on Unify when I say are pretty good It's only a little minor amount of fine tuning that you do but in the bigger picture One of the things that's really important is that you think about how you do your deployments Because if you don't deploy these in effective way and this goes with any piece of hardware or you use crappy cabling wiring Etc you're gonna end up with problems with whatever products you use But this is why we sell the Unify line This is why I'm kind of like a fan of it of just they offer this really simple dashboard that you can host That's not tied to some cloud controller and you know these are things that scare us. I mean obviously Cisco and companies like that I'm not really worried as much about declaring bankruptcy But when you see some of these smaller companies because it's a very competitive market and they're trying to get it You know these race to the bottom is like well Just keep charging less and less fees for our cloud dashboard and then seeing you know They're in the news because they declare bankruptcy and where does that leave you with all those products? You have deployed I've seen people talk about this and we've seen it more so in the consumer markets But there's been some consumer market products that the dashboard that the system ties to the company clear bankruptcy to dashboard away So did all the product. It just turns into a pumpkin at midnight. It just dies. It breaks It's nothing you can use anymore. So that not being an issue with Unify the fact that you can self-host us I think really gives them an interesting market position It makes us the fact that these products work the fact that we've deployed so many of these they've been very very trouble free We've done school districts medical facilities tons of small businesses. These are going in a hole Well, this is just another batch of them going in to provide a series of libraries that we're working with Wi-Fi that's with this particular deployment and they're big enough library network that they have their own internal IT team to go across multiple locations And they're thrilled with it. We've you know got some of the locations done and they're like wow This is like a beautiful dashboard. We're hosting ourselves. They feel comfortable with it They feel in control of it They paid us for our time to set it up and we turn the keys over to them and it's working out really well So like I said, this is why we sell the Unify. I'm really happy with it and I'll quit babbling about that So feel free to share your thoughts in the comments or continue the conversation or forums and let me know Or you can be that one person who told me they rip out unify all the time because they're junk and they don't work And maybe offer a better explanation than your youtube all caps rants. So all right, thanks Thanks for watching if you like this video, give it a thumbs up If you want to subscribe to this channel to see more content hit that subscribe button and the bell icon And maybe youtube will send you a notice when we post If you want to hire us for a project that you've seen or discussed in this video head over to laurance systems.com Where we offer both business IT services and consulting services and are excited to help you with whatever project you want to throw at us Also, if you want to carry on the discussion further head over to forums.laurancesystems.com where we can keep the conversation going And if you want to help the channel out in other ways we offer affiliate links below which offer discounts for you And a small cut for us that does help fund this channel And once again, thanks again for watching this video and see you next time


So when people hear the didgeridoo, often they'll go, wow that's awesome, I've never heard it like that before, or yeah I've heard that, or there's something in that didgeridoo which you just made me feel like such and such. So each individual's experience is very different, but I do play what they call spiritual didgeridoo. So sound is energy and energy emanates out and it affects individuals differently. NADOT Week should be important to all Australians. To me the week makes me feel happy because it is acknowledging Indigenous people. Also it makes you feel sad as well because it acknowledges what really has happened. And if you look at our history it's a pretty negative beginning. So there's all that negative side, but equally there's all the positive side. And so I look at both and I try not to get caught up in the heavy stuff, but I move forward into the positive. Because it's about today and what we make today is what makes tomorrow. So hopefully we're going to make a nice tomorrow. Celebrating NADOT Week, formally recognising it in the Department of Immigration and Citizenship is the right thing to do and it's a great thing to do. Look for me as an Australian it means to me that it's a way to celebrate the diversity of our great country, of the contribution of our first Australians. As the head of the department that has been responsible for bringing seven million migrants to Australia, it's about ensuring that as part of our culturally diverse society we recognise very much the place, the importance and the future of the first Australians, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.


Italy is one of the most popular destinations for teaching English in Europe and it's not hard to see why. With so many amazing cities to choose from you will be spoiled for choice in this Mediterranean paradise. Tips for teaching English in Italy Because of strict EU laws and regulations, it can often be difficult for non EU citizens to secure a visa and work legally in Italy. However, if you are dreaming of living and working in Italy, don't worry. Check out our detailed guide on how to legally teaching English in Italy for people outside of the European Union. Here are the 7 most beautiful cities in Italy for teaching English abroad. Teaching English in Bologna The capital of Italy's Emilia-Romagna region, Bologna is a premier destination with a lot of exciting attractions. It only is Bologna stunningly beautiful, it's also home to the oldest university in Europe. Moreover, Bologna is famous for its very own leaning tower, it's not just in Pisa. Try your way through Bologna's local cuisine at the Menni Trattery and mingle with the locals to learn Italian. Teaching English in Florence One of the most visited cities in Italy, Florence has inspired countless artists and writers due to its unique architecture and romantic vibe. The city is most famous for its Duomo and Palazzo Vecchio, two true Italian gems. While the cityscape of Florence is utterly beautiful to look at from the outside, don't forget to step into its many historic buildings to see works from masters such as Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Titian, Caravaggio and more. Teaching English in Milan Located in the northern Lombardi region of Italy, Milan is considered an international hub for fashion and design. Besides that, Milan also houses the Italian stock exchange, making it an important business and financial hub in the country and the whole of Europe. The city is also known for its many high-end shops and restaurants and the extravagant lifestyle of many of its citizens. The Duomo di Milano is the city's most important landmark and a perfect example of Gothic architecture. Art fans should also visit the Santa Maria del Grazie Convent, which houses the world-famous mural The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci. Teaching English in Naples While Naples often has a rather chaotic reputation, it's a city that surely shouldn't be missed when in Italy. The city's world-famous cuisine is worth a visit alone with its pizza, pasta and seafood dishes of extraordinary quality. Napoli is also considered one of Italy's most important art and archaeological locations and offers top-notch museums to locals and visitors alike. Plus, you're never far from the beach. Teaching English in Rome The capital and largest city in the country is among the most visited cities in the entire world. With a history of more than 2,500 years, there's undoubtedly a lot to see and do in Rome. Whether you are interested in the archaeological sites and art museums or want to check out as many churches and ruins as possible, Rome has got you covered. Don't forget to stop by the Vatican during your visit to see world-famous sites such as St. Peter's Square in Basilica and the Vatican museums. It's true, all roads lead to Rome. Teaching English in Venice Surely, there is no question why Venice is considered one of the most beautiful cities in Italy or even the world. Just take a look at the unique city outline built entirely on canals. Stroll around Venice and you won't have any traffic but all you hear is the sound of water from underneath its buildings. Adding to that, you've got unique architecture, beautiful churches and the eye-catching St. Mark's Square. Teaching English in Verona True Shakespeare fans will not want to miss a chance to visit the city where William Shakespeare set Romeo and Juliet. Besides its importance in world-class literature, Verona also boasts fascinating medieval castles, piazzas and historic churches, along with ancient Roman ruins that are incredibly well-preserved. Verona is ideal for romantics and those looking for history.


Hey everybody, welcome back to my Star Wars channel. My name is David and today we're going to talk about the Dia Dostini, build your own X-Wing. Let go Luke. The force is strong with this one. Alright, welcome back. May the force be with you. Thanks for being here. Thanks for hanging out with me. I love Star Wars. I hope you love Star Wars too. I love everything Star Wars, so if you're new to the channel, I do reviews for Vintage Toys. I'm doing a review for the X-Wing right now. I review the Vintage Books. I talk about Star Wars Celebration pretty much. If you slap Star Wars on it, I want to talk about it. And I love all of it. I love everything. I love the cartoons. I love the graphic novels. I like the books. I like the toys. I'm a Star Wars fan, so I love, I love all of it. This is my third video for the Dia Dostini build your own X-Wing model kit. I'm going to try to save these up because the kits come in the mail. And usually, just within one box, there's four different sets to build, but they're pretty quick builds. So this time, I've saved up two boxes. Okay, we're going to go through two different boxes, two different packages that I've got in the mail. We'll talk about each one. I'll walk you through all the pictures. And they're just photographs.  There's other people out on YouTube that have done that.  So hopefully this entire series will only be a handful of videos and you'll be able to see the entire thing pretty quickly. So let's look at the first box. All right, in the first box, we have issues 17, 18, 19 and 20. And so as these come, you get a little instruction book. It's really a magazine. It's a magazine that kind of walks you through everything Star Wars and everything X-Wing. And then with each magazine, with each set of instructions, you also get the parts. In issue 17, I'll show you the cover and the parts right next to it so you get to see what's included. The article inside this is about Neenam, who the actor that played him was Mike Quinn. And he was a mouse-eyed native of Sulist. Neenam was an arms dealer and a smuggler who piloted the mail crawler. And that's typical in all the magazines. You're going to get an article about a person and then the ship that they flew. In this package, we got the underside of the wing and the underside of the engine that I've been working on. And of course, I was right. All that pretty detail that I was building got covered up. So now with issue 17, the wing is done. The wing I was working on is done. In issue 18, this article had Anakin Skywalker and his junk ship, the Twilight. And then you'll know about Twilight from the Clone Wars if you watch the Clone Wars cartoon. But inside issue 18 was only just two pieces of canopy glass, just the two pieces that click into the cockpit canopy. And that was it. Issue 19, the article inside this was about Asajj Ventress that was played by the actress Nika Futterman. Asajj Ventress was an assassin trained in the ways of the dark side by Count Dooku. And in issue 19, you got the lower port laser gun, the lower half of it. Issue 20, inside this, there's an article about Zev Sineska. Zev was a rebel pilot assigned to Echo Base on the frozen planet of Hoth. And the actor that played him was Christopher Malcolm. Inside this, you get the laser generator. And I had to paint the insides black again so that it didn't show the glow. And I would recommend that you use thick modeling paint and not spray paint like I am using. And so with issues 17 through 20, I finished the first wing that I was working on and then completed the laser cannon of the second wing. That takes us to issues 21 through 24. So this is the second package I received most recent box. There you can see all the covers and parts that came with each. In issue 21, we're going to work some on the wing that now goes with the cannon from the previous box. In this issue, there were some details about the vintage toy. And a couple of other issues have done that as well talked about the original X wing toy. And the main character in this one was Obi-Wan. And they looked at you and McGregor's ship. Here's the tight accent piece that I used the end of the screwdriver on the last time if you remember, I had a lot of trouble with this one. And then something new, there's three little square accents. I didn't have this on the top wing, but I had to depress these into the wing. And they kind of make a nice little three dimensional texture here, here and here. And issue 21, this is what it looks like when it's finished. In issue 22, the article inside this was the Grand Inquisitor with Jason Isaacs. And that's just some more wing parts, things little details to clean up the wing wasn't, you know, there wasn't a lot here. issue 23 came with some of the larger pieces. And the article inside was about a Socatano who was played by Ashley Eckstein and talked about her ship. And again, just more wing pieces, you know, adding some more details on to the wing. issue 24 had an article about CR 978. And here was the little front engine piece that gave me so much trouble the last time. If you remember, I had to take the whole thing apart and switch it around. This time, I'm lining it up to make sure that it's going to fit perfectly. I'm not taking any chances. Everything looks right so far. And then underneath a surprise doors. This is really cool. There's doors underneath this one. So not every wing is going to be the same. And I think I was worried about that that every build would feel the same. But this is a fun surprise. Then the last thing I want to talk about is how I put the binder together. So this came with the binder a little while ago. And I've had the binder sitting on my shelf haven't done anything with it, tried to figure out how to do it. So there's a little plastic U shape pieces inside. I'm going to snap these off. And then the little sticks that are inside the U shape going to break each one out individually. And they turn into these little nails or these little posts that push through the top and bottom and they become an anchor. So there's an anchor at the bottom, anchor at the top, and they trap the magazine in between. So what I've done is I've taken the magazine folded open to the staples, so the halfway mark, and then put the nails through that point. And then when I finish one magazine, I do the next. So each magazine had to be done individually one at a time, both with nails, finding the center, grouping it together. And then when I was done, I got 20 magazines in in total. So the binder that they sent me just held the first 20 magazines. So I'm assuming I'm going to get a new binder soon because I've already got five issues that are outside the binders. So I'm hoping this will encourage me maybe to read the magazines because really what's happening is it comes in the mail. I'm so excited. I tear everything open. I build the little instruction things I'm supposed to build. And then I push that magazine aside and they go into the next one, right? I don't sit there and pause with each magazine. Maybe if I was getting this once a month and each issue is coming individually, though, my whole thought process would move a little slower. But as it is, I'm getting, you know, a box with four inside and half the time I'm saving it up to where I have two boxes so I can do a really big build. So I only have to sit down once with everything. So maybe now that it's all trapped up in a binder, I'll actually sit down and read through some of these articles. It's obvious that they put a lot of time and love and care into it. That's everything I got from the Dia Dostini Build Your Own X-Wing Kit. I hope you've enjoyed this. Give me some comments and some encouragement in the comment section below. And if you guys like Star Wars, you want to see more of this, definitely like and subscribe to my channel. I'm going to keep coming back and doing creative and fun videos like this. May the force be with you. Thanks for watching. I'll see you guys next time. Bye.


Welcome, folks. This is Tom O'Brien of TFNN. We go five days a week. We go 7 hours a day. We go 24 hours a day on the Internet at TFNN.com. Always remember, folks, whatever you think about, you bring about, whatever you focus on grows. Hope everyone's having a great day, safe day. Let's make it a great week, folks. Create the perfect relationship between you and your body. Treat your body with all love, honor, gratitude, and respect. Make it a goal to do your body and accept yourself completely. You'll learn to have the perfect relationship with anyone else you are with. Mock it wise! Let's take a look at it out here. We have the Dow Industries trading down 54. Nasdaq's up 22. S&P's up 4. Gold. Gold contract up $4.40 traded at $2,029. We have Silver down 12 cents, $25.80 announced. Light Sweet Crude up $1.77, $73.11 a barrel, notes and bonds. A 10-year note trading down 16 ticks at $1.1507, the 30-year Dow to 4.2 ticks at $129.29 and $Kingdala. $Kingdala up $160 ticks, trading $101.374, the Euro's at $110, the Yen is at $135, and the British pound is at $126 to $1.00. Off-phone number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. Give us a call, folks. I want to know what's going on in your world and the world of the S&Ps. Let's take a look at it. What do we have? Well, let me bring up the spy first. So, you had a big day on Friday. That being said, the bottom line is that, you know, you're still not at the highs. Friday, what we did do is that you had the price spread, but you didn't get the expansion of volume. So, this is going to get really intriguing in here, because what we did is that we did the 87 million shares, and that 87 million is actually going against the good, what is that, 101 million. It's going to be a toss up here. That's the real bottom line. What we have out here today, you get light volume out here today. You get a sideways move out here today, too, though. Right now, we've only done 38 million shares. And yet, well, now, let's take a look at the future. I brought this up when I was just doing the update. Now, this is really cool, because you don't see something come back just this fast. We'll see how this shakes out. But what we do have is this. Now, you get a high volume low that's laying out here like a monster, 4137. We came down 17 S&P points in about a hot, yeah, literally a hot, yeah, like 30 seconds. Now, it only took 20 minutes to get all the way back to upside. Bottom line, you got back to upside. Now, you're under the high. So, the probability is, once we get under this high, we're right, let's see, that the top of that range is right where we are now, 4154. Let's say you get to 4152, 50, bottom line, the probability goes up dramatically. You're going to go after that high, and there's plenty of time to, I mean, that high volume low. And there's plenty of time to go after that high volume low before we close today. NQs. We take a look at the NQs out here. Same type of setup inside the NQs. Did the same thing. Just came out of nowhere. Something to keep your head wrapped around also, folks, okay? The move and the NQs, as well as the S&P. Now, the NQs haven't got back inside that barrier. But when you get moves like that, that's an indication that we still have a bear that's happening out here. Because what happens is this, is that when you get moves that come out of nowhere and go down, that's a bear. When you get moves that come out of nowhere and go up, you're inside a bull. That's how it works. That's just how it is. So, that move right there, I'm sure that the computer's got hold of something, meaning out in the web, and then they decide that up. That's right. We're wrong about this one. But guess what? That high volume low is going to get tested. Gold. We look at the gold market out here. What do you have with gold? Gold's in an ABC structure up. Took out the B point, took it out with volume. Now, you get a complex one because we came under the B point again. Bottom line, gold's going to continue higher. And now, this is where it gets dicey because, well, first let me go to the 10-year. Because the 10-year, the Fed might, well, the Fed has been going up. But the 10-year, you can see, we made it to the top of the range. And the 10-year is looking like an ABC structure in the way up. Because what we did have is this, is that you can see on Friday, you back down with 1.2 million. Today, you're only backing down with 827,000. And then we hit a high with 2.1 million contracts. So, you're coming into those highs with 2.1 million contracts. That is saying higher price, lower yield. And then we go over to the gold contract. I mean the dollar, and this is the turkey one for sure. The dollar has better these lows so quite some time now. And it keeps rejecting price, keeps rejecting lower price. And like when you look at it slightly, it's like, okay, we do have higher lows, but just barely. So, we'll see where this shakes out. We're at 101.372 right now. We went to 101.041. And hey, we'll see how it shakes out, man. And the danger is going to be in breaking out those lows. So, we'll see how it shakes out. Some of the higher volume equities out here today, and today is not going to be a high volume day at all. You have Teslas up a buck. We have Advanced Micro up $5.5. You got Kavanna, that's moving out here. It's pretty wild. It's up $2.5. Nvidia's up $4.5. Let's go look at Nvidia. Tyson Foods is down $10. I guess we're not eating chicken anymore. NVDA. Let's go take a look at NVDA for a second here. Okay, so that's another high. Tyson, we'll go to Tyson. Let's see what happened here. This thing is dropping $10. That dropped out of bed. Well, this has been dropping out of bed for quite some time. This is, you're talking about from, this stock has got cut in half. Look at something wrong with this stock. Look at that. Oh my God. So, this is going after high volume. If you want to see high volume lows, how they go after them. This is amazing, man. Every time I see this, folks, it blows my mind, even though now I'm going on almost 25 years since I wrote my first book. But these high volume lows, man, they go after them. And you can see, we're only, it's $8 away from it now. And this is an equity that you had the consolidation. It got all the way up to, after the high volume low, it got all the way up to $100 and the high volume low is 42. How about that? Now, that's insane. No doubt. Our phone number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. Dow. Dow's down 62. NASDAQ's up 14. S&Ps are up one and a half. Stay right there. Folks, you're coming right back.