Well, good morning Las Vegas. It's great to be a winner and aren't we all? Well, we've had a few technical difficulties with this presentation this morning. First, my presentation was on an iron key.  So there are a few glitches in the PowerPoint. So if you see them, try not to notice. Thank you. And yeah, this laptop has already blue screened on me twice this morning. So let's just keep our fingers crossed. Well, a bit about me. My name is Matt Crick. My voice is my passport. Verify me. I go by DC Flux. I was a teenage engineer. I'm a video editor and I like to live on the edge a bit and hang out on towers is a lot more fun than video editing at a console. And if I can't make people laugh during my talks, why am I bothering? So chapter one is going to get a lot of people's ruffle feathers ruffled because they are in love with their smartphones. But let me let me tell you why I named it this. This was because while I was putting these slides together, the Boy Scouts of America were doing their youth jamboree at our local Boy Scout camp. And one of the things you can get as a Boy Scout is the radio merit badge. So here I am explaining, trying to explain to a kid just about in junior high, you know, how cool radio is and all that. And he just sort of looks at me and yawns and pulls out one of these. Well jokes on him because the camp is located in a cellular dead zone with spotty coverage at best.  When I was your age, my computer at the time was a Commodore 64. The family's, not mine mind you, cell phone was this Panasonic bag phone here and couldn't find a battery for it. But that's what it looked like. Cost about between two and three dollars a minute just to use the thing and it made calls and nothing else. And the first, you know, if I wanted personal communications in the field, my first radio was the Yezoo FT-709. But, you know, so everyone, you know, got their smart phone so they can make phone calls. But guess what, an amateur radio, we've got that. We have manual phone patch and we have auto patch if you have a radio repeater. We've got push to talk, frequency modulated, amplitude modulation, digital modulation. Oh, a special note, I didn't put D star on this. I did not put D star on this slide because even though it's all kinds of fun and IP based, the audio quality is very lacking compared to P 25. Text messaging, we got it. We got Morris code, teletype packet, PSK. What else? We got picture mail. We got slow scan television or you can send your pictures with packet. We've got video chat, you know, full bandwidth, six megahertz wide, amateur television. And we've got like three different versions of digital amateur television going right now. And we've got location awareness. We've got APRS, which, you know, is basically the amateur version of low jack, but I don't run it anymore because I don't want the nerds knowing where I am. We've got internet access. On the 2.4 gigahertz band, channels one through six fall in the ham band. And that means as long as you don't exceed the bandwidth, you know, run like the full 22 megahertz wide on channel six and one, you can run up to 1500 watts using, you know, standard, you know, build amplifiers for standard off the shelf equipment on 5.7 gig channels 136 through 165 fall within the ham band. So about the only thing we don't have is an app store, but we don't really need one because the vast majority of software written for amateur radio use is free art is shareware. And the stuff that isn't is really affordable. But you know, we don't have an evil empire of profiteering glottons. Okay, quick show of hands. Who in here is paying $50 a month for their smartphone bill? I'll get to that. All right. So about half of you put that up. Who's paying $100? Okay, the number shrunk to about quarter of the room. But once you get your license and buy the equipment, there are no further bills required with amateur radio. My brother and I had gotten our licenses on the same day. And we were issued concurrent calls. Paul was KC seven GRZ and I was KC seven GSA. But because Paul was older, he got the dual bender. And as I said earlier, my first radio was an FT 709. So when I told my dad, I want a dual bender to like the FT 727. You know what I got? He came up with the two meter radio, the FT 209 and taped them together. That was my first dual bender. So I'm like, Oh, what the but later he would come up for me, the Kenwood TH 77. I love this radio to death. And I probably would be paralyzed right now if I didn't have it with me when I was hiking once because usually, well, this one's a little big, but usually when I'm out in the field, I'll put the radio on my back like that. But I fell off a cliff and used my TH 77 for landing gear. And the whole front panel was damaged. LCD cracked, battery scuffed. But you know what? I turned it on and it still worked and I could make a call for help. Try that with your iPhone. Okay, moving on to amateur radio. Now a lot of people, this slide was actually a quick comparison for commercial radio and television broadcasting.  It's like your lawyer fees. I just got charged $160 for a five minute phone call from this guy. And then the bill showed up because I was changing a license to my name from another guy's name. And it was about four, four grand, maybe a little more. Then you got your FCC fees, which is at least $500 per application. And then you got a fight for the right to get a license allocation, which you know, depending on the market and what you're going for is between $30,000 and $5 million, such as ones for the Vegas market, then you still got the equipment to buy. And depending on the size of your transmitter, it could be $5,000 to $1 million. And that doesn't include any of the studio equipment. Then there's like the mandated emergency alert system stuff that's going to add at least three grand to your price tag. Then we got your ASCAP, BMI and RIAA fees. Who would think that the people that write the music actually want to get paid for it? But anyways, Interham radio. You just have to pay for the exams and buy equipment. And a lot of people fear amateur radio operators because they think the guy with the 75 foot tall tower a mile down the road from them is interfering with their TV. When in fact it's the citizens band operator with the 16 pill amplifier running class C that lives behind them that gets into everything, including the toaster. And while we're on that note, citizens band is not amateur radio. While your smart C beer is doing something like this, our radios have that feature built in from the factory. And it always breaks my heart when I see a good radio gone bad. People beg and plead for me to repair their radios because apparently I am the only one in the tri-state area that knows how. But when I turned it on and it comes up on a CB channel, I get really mad. It immediately goes back to the person unrepaired or I will impound it saying I can't, you know, it can't be fixed anymore and I'd like it for parts. Such as the case with this poor, Heath Kit SB 200. This was butchered by some C beer to run the bias extra hard because he wanted, quote, more swang. Apparently that's some C beer turned that indicates to how far they can make their watt meter move. So, you know, we got up, we told the guy couldn't fix it anymore and we unmodified it. So it lives happily once again. Also FRS, GMRS, MERS, that's not amateur radio either. FRS, you're limited to power and it's basically a UHF version of CB radio. GMRS is a cheap way to get a commercial radio system going and I'm not even sure what MERS is. I didn't have time to look it up.  Well, I won't lie to you, we've got that. But the hobby offers so much more as well. It's about teamwork on field day. It's getting people interested in the hobby. It's about learning how to solder and build electronics. It's about designing custom electronics for whatever application you may have. It's about volunteering. It's about putting up antennas and towers during the day. It's hanging out on a tower during a windstorm to install a Heliax connector. And sometimes you have to go up the tower at night. It's a series of tubes. Sometimes you can experiment and make those tubes glow right in your hand. It's some guys homemade arc welder. It's using thermite to weld. It's collecting electronics and various components and documentation in your bedroom. It's collecting equipment in your car. It's hiking up mountains for better range. It's talking through satellites in orbit for better range. It's disaster preparedness. It's being a trained weather spotter for the National Weather Service. It's volunteering during an actual disaster. It's an adventure that requires four-wheel drive to get to. And sometimes you need a black-hawk helicopter to get to it. Amateur radio can turn your girlfriend from this to this. Most of all, amateur radio is about the things that I didn't have time to show you, which you will just have to find out some of these on your own if you, you know, do take an interest. But don't take my word for it. Here are some of the hams that you people may already know. This is Jay K5Z Charlie. This is Bob K2AMH. This is Joe WB6ACU. This is Art W6OBB. This is Nolan W7DUK. This is John K2HEP. This is Steve WA6BND. This is Clifford K7TA. And this is Kevin N6NHG. Moving right along, the FCC is the man established by the government to be the entity that taxes people for the use of the electromagnetic spectrum, something that should otherwise be free.  Now, you don't know about the league. The Amateur Radio Relay League is Ham Radio's version of the NRA.  I was going to say QST is like guns and ammo for hams. But surprisingly, that magazine wasn't owned by the NRA. And we've got some bands that we're allowed to use. You know, this is the HF radio spectrum, 160 meters through 10 meters. 60 meters there is one of our newest bands. And the thing there is we're not allowed to use that whole chunk there. That is actually channelized into five channels. And you're allowed upper side band voice only with 50 watts pep. But I'll tell you, it works excellent. The 50 watts on a 12 foot whip is enough to talk from here, Arizona to the surrounding states easy. Both day and night. Here's our higher bands 6 meters through 13 centimeters. What can I say we have and we've got more we've got places all over the place. You know, I didn't show you all of our microwave bands. But these are the most actively used ones because equipment's readily available and you don't have to fight with dish alignment. And what we're on that note, the narrower the bandwidth, your emission is, the longer you can make the range work. So at the top of this list is SSCW, which stands for super slow carrier wave. Now the trick there is the dits, it's Morris code, but the dits are 10 seconds long each and the does are 30 seconds long. But because they're that slow, you know, you need special equipment to decode it running five watts looks like 50,000 on the other end. Wi fi data here, you know, it depends on which mode data you run, they be one megahertz to 22 megahertz wide, which is why you might have trouble trying to make that work through a wall without antenna game. But yeah, oh, also FM phone here. Commercial handheld radios have gone from 16 kilohertz deviation down to eight. And I have seen 20 and 50 kilohertz FM phone on ham. But it isn't often because a lot of that equipment was left over from the first golden age. And I'll get to that slide here in a minute. But one of the nice things about amateur radio, you build your own mode. And you know, super slow analog data analog HDTV that worked. That was actually three cable television modulators on 57 58 and 59 combined ran through an amp and decoded on three VHS decks. But with all things, some restrictions do apply. You have to give your call sign at the beginning and end in every 10 minutes. You're not allowed to obscure the meaning of communications like, hey, I put that thing in that place for you that one time. No encryption unless you're commanding a satellite. No broadcasting. So that means that you have to talk to somebody unless it is a QST as in the case of amateur radio news line. No music unless it's part of a NASA rebroadcast. Of course, the last shuttle mission was a couple of weeks ago. So I kind of think that one's not really going to apply for a while. Oh, and you're not allowed to use the seven dirty words. But the swearing thing is also dependent on the moral standards of the community, such as the cases in the Los Angeles basin. But remember to give your call sign first if you want to test the waters. And if someone will report you to the FCC.  If you have to take your shenanigans down to CB where they belong. Here's the good stuff. 1500 watts pep on most bands with a few restrictions, like I said, 50 watts on 60 meters, which is easy out of a mobile radio. 200 watts pep on 30 meters. And also 30 meters is a CW only band and 50 watts pep on 70 centimeters, which is UHF in some locations. And that's a pave pause thing. And I'll get to that later. But the nice thing is you can run unlimited ERP. You can, like I said, build your own mode. They're allowed on all bands, except the pulse and spread spectrum ones are limited to pretty much 900 megahertz and above. Because of those are the bands that have a lot of bandwidth to them.  What I talked about in the last slide was pep peak envelope power. That's the power leaving your transmitter terminals. And it's peak because sideband and AM, they don't function with a continuous carrier. And a good example of this is with AM TV. An AM TV signal will typically the average power is 75% typically below the peak power because of the sync tips for the horizontal sync. ERP, however, is effective radiated power, which is the power you can actually throw into the radio horizon after the feed line loss and the antenna gain. So you know, I've seen some people actually, this is notable because it was a Las Vegas television station that did it. They had a license for 2 million watts ERP. And they thought they were going to do it with a 10,000 watt transmitter and make everything up an antenna gain. And I couldn't find a donut to explain this. But the higher antenna gain you use the narrower the beam width. So if you use a very low and very low gain antenna, imagine the pattern leaving it looking something like a donut. But as you start to make that into like 10 or 20 DB gain, that donut starts flattening out into a pancake. Now, if you put a pancake on top of a mountain, your power will fly over everyone down below the mountain and land someplace 120 miles away. And that's just, you know, they're probably not trying to watch you but the poor guys that are five and 10 miles below under you are. Here's that chart I was telling you about the UHF power restrictions per 47 CFR 2.106 footnote US 7. Pretty much you'll see all of Arizona's covered most of Southern California, actually most of California too. And the Southern Nevada portion that Las Vegas resides in. But basically these are outlines around US government Air Force installations. And pretty much we share the UHF spectrum with, you know, the 70 centimeter spectrum with the government. And they use it for radar to look for space junk.  Estimated ranges. Okay, everyone, whenever I tell someone about how great amateur radio is, they was like, Well, what kind of range can I get? Well, a lot of it depends on the band and conditions. But here's kind of a chart I put together. And generally, the lower the frequency, the better range you can get because of path loss. The higher the frequencies, the more your radio waves actually get absorbed by buildings foliage. Some frequencies even get absorbed by the moisture in the air. But 160 meters is the 1.8 the two megahertz portion. And a lot of the people that are on this will run retired broadcast transmit AM broadcast transmitters. But the reason I put bad range on that is because you're combating with a lot of noise on 160 meters. Everything that has a switch mode power supply will make garbage, twisty lights, boat chargers. Yeah, I can get intense. 80 to 20 meters, which is our HF range, you know, generally, it works pretty good. Some bands work better at night. Other bands work better during the day. There's a it's a little big to put on this chart. Now 10 meters. 10 meters I put on here has a peak and a dip. Because that really gets good in 11 year cycles, excuse me, that are concurrent with the sun spot activity that's going on. And right now we were, we're still kind of in the null because for whatever reason, the sun hasn't decided to erupt again. So no one's really sure if that's a good thing or not. But during the peak of the sun spot cycle, I tell you, five watt handheld, you can talk to Florida from Arizona. And, you know, a mobile rig will talk to Japan from my driveway. VHF and UHF, which are the bands that are in these handhelds here. VHF penetrates a little bit better because the wavelength is longer. UHF tends to get absorbed a little bit better. And also this is dependent on your city and you know what you have skyscrapers and stuff. Now microwave, microwave you generally have to use dishes for because like I said, everything wants to absorb it. So generally we use that for point to point operations like linking between mountaintops. And yeah, if you have the right size dish, you can make a microwave signal go 150 miles. If you have the right two mountaintops and that is because of the curvature of the earth. We call that K factor. But at 150 miles, the dishes will actually be pointing into the horizon or you know, about five degrees below the horizon to get at the other dish because you know, their curve kind of like that. Okay, moving right along. So at one point in time, we did have five classes of operator. Number one novice I could have sworn the last novice on the planet was Walter Cronkite KB2 GSD. He was a novice for about 25 years, but lo and behold, our radio club just found one that wanted to upgrade. So they are still out there. Same with advanced, you most likely will run into people that are advanced simply because there isn't that much difference between advanced and extra. And you can't get it advanced anymore. So they're just kind of using that as a status symbol. So nowadays, we have very simple three classes of operator technician general and extra. Oh, and one more thing, there's no Morris code requirement anymore. So it's very easy to test and get your license. The requirement was dropped in 2007. The day after that was that happened was when I took went down, studied for three hours the night before and took my general. There were 34 people at that session. And we were at a paint store and I actually had to stand at a shelf in the back of the paint store to take it. And no one told me this. But I had used blue pen. And I circled the letters on the answer sheet. This is one of our grading templates. It was an almost an instant fail until the guy moved it and was like, Oh, you kind of did this wrong. I'm like, Well, you didn't you didn't tell me and you didn't give me a pencil. But anyways, so let's take a look at what's in the technician package. Well, you get all the privileges on six meters and up and you get some hf privileges. They're very limited. But hey, we'll take what we can get. You're limited to 200 watts pet power. But you know, the typical mobile radio does 100 watts. So you're fine there. CW only on 80 40 and 15 CW ready and data on 10 meters. And you do get SSB voice, upper sideband voice on 28 three to 28.5. So there's a lot of activity that'll happen on 28.4 because that's generally the one everyone congregates to. So if you take general, well, you get all the technician privileges, plus most of the hf privileges, except for a couple of small slivers that are reserved specifically for advanced and extra. And if you become a volunteer volunteer examiner, you get the ability to give technician tests. And I was kind of scratching my head about that, too. You know, you'd think you'd be allowed to give the general ones, but for some reason, they only give you technician.  This is a class a call sign. Also, most states offer special hand plates. Check your local listings for this. Some states, they're free. Some states are discounted.  So you actually have to pay the same rate as a personal plate in Arizona.  And another thing I always get asked this a lot. People come up and they're like, what part of Pennsylvania are you from? Well, the number that's in a call sign represents what geographic location it was issued in. And the reason why I have a three in my call sign is because it is almost impossible to find a one by two or a two by one and seven land, because a large number of them were reserved for Hawaii and Alaska and people when the vanity program came out started getting them because I thought they were lucky. But anyways, also, American call signs only have one number in them. So right away, if you know someone, you can tell someone's not legitimate, such as the case of W six JJ or just right away because they'll have an when you ask them their call sign, they'll have an improperly formatted one. Okay. So who here recognizes these basic electronic symbols? Okay, but who of you know which one doesn't belong? I passed my novice without studying when I was bored at a Hamfest one time and I was 12. And I knew what, you know, a switch looked like on a schematic a resistor capacitor. So if you know anything about how to read a schematic for electronics, you get along just fine. But you know, if you're really interested on studying, go to this store. We are less than a mile from it. It's south. You can walk there if you can bear the Las Vegas summer heat or if you can find a taxi driver that will, you know, only take you there for a mile, go for it. But go in there, talk to a guy named Luke. He's the store manager. Very cool guy. And he'll show you these books. Okay, so they are a little pricey, but they are extremely well written and do a really good job going into theory. Plus, when you have your license, you can hand them down. AES typically has 25 of each type in stock at any given time. If you don't see a copy on the shelf, just ask and they'll find it. They also have the Gordon West study guides available there as well.  Well, if you're willing to use DEFCON's network, we have free online resources. Oh, I will point out, though, that when taking the QRZ practice at practice exams, please remember to advance the test numbers, because it'll put you on test number one by default. And if you don't advance it, such as a case of Kimberley, KE7 PYL, she was like, oh, look, I'm getting 100%. I'm like, really? Advance it to test to 20. Because, you know, she kept learning the same 35 questions over and over again. This is the question pool size. So typically, when you take your technician and general 26, 26 right or better, passing grade is 75% or 74% or better. And I will point out that the general question pool has changed July 1st. So make sure you have the right question pool that you're studying for. So which class is right for you? General. General's right for everybody. I recommend everyone become at least a general, because you get privileges on all of the HF bands, minus those small segments, but that's fine. You just can't talk to Art Bell and PALS on 3840. And the segments reserved for advanced and extra, which, you know, it's 400 kilohertz based over what was it, 12 bands. So it's not that much. And it's real cheap to take the test via us. You know, save a little coin on, for the exam. This was the first year we actually started testing here at DEFCON. And there were actually a few more of us, but they had to go before this picture got taken. Let's see. Okay, so things that bring, obviously, $15. We'd like a photocopy of your driver's license, a photocopy of your existing FCC license, or you can print out the reference copy if you're going to upgrade to something like general or extra. We'd also like to have your FRN, which I believe is federal registration number, but I'm not sure on my alphabet soup today. If you don't have an FRN and you trust us, we can use your SSN. And calculator is optional, but it has to be an old school one that you improve to us that it doesn't have the test memorized in it. So, you know, a TI-36 would be just fine, but don't show up with a TI-84 unless you improve to me that the memory is 100% clear on it, okay? So can you do it? Well, you can. Ask kick by a blind man. This is my club's president, Bill, KD7MIA. He is legally blind from when an accident happened aboard the USS Enterprise. The engine on an F-14 Tomcat exploded in his face. And this was the day he passed his extra. And here he is on field day in a tent with blaring wind and we're giving volunteer examinations. And this one just happened. This is Karen Lee. She doesn't have her call yet because she just passed on Tuesday. She didn't have a lot. Here's the impressive thing. She didn't have a laptop or a computer with the internet, couldn't afford a book, and didn't ask anyone to print out the questions for her. So she studied on a droid. Yes, wouldn't you know that smartphones are actually good for something after all. And she actually took it the month previous, but the website she was studying on, I forget which one it was, but their mobile version did not have the current question pool. So she failed the first time, but came back and took it on Tuesday and passed with only two wrong. Okay, so everyone's thinking, okay, show me the hacks. Well, we are on the verge of the second golden age of amateur radio. The first one was the first commercial narrow banding in 1963. And that's when we went from 15 kilohertz FM deviation to five. So you got to love unfunded government mandates.  So, you know, you can get like four and $500 handheld radios, 20 bucks, 10 bucks, sometimes even free if you find the right guy. So, you know, pretty much we're going from the second narrow banding that takes effect, I believe it's February 2013. We're simple, we're going from five kilohertz to 2.5 kilohertz deviation. So you'd think that someone would just get in the radio and turn the pot down so it doesn't deviate as much, but no. The FCC says specifically that the radio has to be type accepted for that emission standard and no one wants to pay $15,000 to send the radio to the laboratory to prove that it's doing the emission they say it is. So as a result, you know, commercial radios are being dumped on eBay and Hamfest like crazy right now. So what do you need to work on radios? Well, I recommend you have at least one cat on your bench at all times because if you do your critter count goes down to practically nothing. Also the messier your bench is the more work you can get done. So what I have on my bench here, and this is kind of an old picture, to the left there I have an Astron VS 35M which is variable voltage, variable amperage power supply up to 35 amps. Very useful for working on almost any radio. Behind the cat there is my trusty HP 8924C. That is actually a CDMA cellular test set, but they built it on top of the 8920, so it still retains all of the analog functionality of the 8920, but the difference is that test set is 2000 versus 12,000 for a used 8920. So it weighs a ton, but by golly it works great. Above that is a Hewlett Packard. I believe it's 1634 logic analyzer. I believe it's got 48 inputs, but it might have a few more. But anyways, I picked that up for 50 bucks on eBay and it actually belonged to Connor Peripheral, so it even came with history. Also to the right of the cat is a Fluke 87. I'll tell you, spend the money now and buy a decent voltmeter, because these fly-by-night ones out of China, I've actually had this happen within the last month, because I don't like my good meter leaving the house, but I get up on the mountain, pull it out of my backpack, and the thing promptly fries itself in my hand. And what was impressive is I didn't even have it plugged into external voltage yet. And also you're not seeing this to the right, but I do have a Dell computer there, so if I need to look up a data sheet on something, I can just boom, pull it right up. Okay, oh, here's my Motorola card extraction tool used in insertion mode. Believe it or not, Motorola actually gets like $45 for the right tool that does this, and who would know that you'd have one sit right below your feet. Here's one of the hacks I did. Oh, also the hacks I have done do appear on the Defcon DVD in PDF form, so if you need instructions on how to convert something that I've converted to amateur, it's right there for you. This is a GE VHF Master 3, and what is awesome about this is when I wrote the article on how to convert it, they put it on repeater builder, and it appears right below an article that somebody wrote saying you can't convert these to run-and-hand band, but it's a little, this is the vast majority of the work, basically I just soldered brass acorn nuts onto the top of the tuning slug, so I could get a little more metal and make the helicals pull down to where I want them. Here's a board out of the UHF government band, very simple mod here, take the whole thing apart, and cut a quarter turn off each one of these helicals. Sometimes you have the other split though, 450 to 470, and those are two down okay, but if you want that extra one or two DB, you got to take it apart, and well this mod's real cheap because it only cost seven cents, but while you're in there be sure to be on the lookout for these damn things. Oh, 10 whiskers. The one on the right is actually a photo I took. They're about five-eighths to, or the one I took was about five-eighths to three-quarters of an inch long, and it almost looks like a scratch, it's so fine, but this thing is so fine, I had to stop breathing while I was taking the picture, because it was moving in the wind, and I was like two feet from it.  And I actually saw this on a mountaintop. The Master II, the drawer was folded open in the position, open position, and someone wrote on it in Sharpie, do not close, because as soon as you closed it, the whiskers came down and shorted out your helicals. The one of the most underutilized band in amateur radio right now is the 221 simply because there's only like one commercial manufacturer, AM radio manufacturer that makes radios that run on it, because apparently America is the only country that has a 220 amateur band, so everyone avoids it like the plague. You'll find radios that have the functionality in them, like the Quad and the Triple Bander, like the THF6A does 220, but so lately I've been a fire department graciously donated to our club about 50 of these things, and we're like, well great, they're on VHF, what are we gonna do with them? So I did some research and found out it was possible to make the thing run on 220, you know, it took me about three or four weeks worth of effort to do, but because it's a 45 megahertz IF radio, very simple, I just convinced the voltage control oscillator to run backwards, and I hacked the software to where it would program that far out of range. So the transmit frequency you program true, and the receive frequency you program 90 megahertz minus where you actually want it. Well, if you don't like GE, here's kind of the same thing I did in a Motorola Max Track. This one's a little more involved, because I had to take apart a bunch of the coils, and I got tired of fighting with the PA, so I just took the Dremel and cut a slot out and shoved a, that's actually a linear power brick in the center there that I stole out of a Amplitude Combanded Single Sideband 220 rig, and I knew it was wrong, but I did it anyways. And wouldn't you know it, the battery for this one ran dead sometime between Wednesday and Thursday, but anyways, I swear it works on 220, but this is the GE PCS handheld, so if you see in the photo here, I actually put brass screws and the receive tuning coils, and I did a little work changing coils on the power brick, simply because the one that might work on 220 is almost impossible to find anywhere. Here's some, yeah, I always ask people this, got any six meter duplexers? I do. I had to pick them up and have a friend drive up and get them, and they made a 800 mile trip and came down to me, and you know, they wouldn't really tune where I wanted them until I pulled the thing apart, and very simple, cut one turn off that coil and solder it back together and stretch it out. And there's been a fierce debate over crystal, old, can crystal controlled rigs, you know, which one's better, the Micor or the Master II? I like the Micor because the receiver is hot, but the Master II transmitter is just so good, ooh, it's tough. Anyways, the surplus market has a ton of these for hams that are, you know, just, they were practically already worthless to commercial users, but now they're really worthless, but they are crystal controlled and no one likes to spend $50 and wait two months for a set to grind. If only there was a solution. Well now there is, thanks to new technology from our friends at analog devices, we've created the virtual channel element Micor edition, and I'll tell you, when you can solder an LFCSP 24 by hand, you've reached max level. Okay, so moving on, we have the general incompetence section. Okay, we got this cable from a guy who got it from a guy who got it from another guy, who that actually worked at the place that manufactured it, but what you are seeing here is a homemade adapter from quarter inch Heliacs to a PL259 connector made from 12 gauge copper wire. Also, this is what happens when you are in a site that you are not allowed to have mouse decon at, because somebody made the Hualapai Mexican vole an endangered species.  So, you know, such as the case of this radio, this radio jammed in transmit mode and the guy was asking me, okay, find where the interference is coming from and I'm like, dude, it's your own stuff, and sure enough he goes up there and the thing's transmitting. This is really good. This room was at a juvenile detention facility. They had a problem that every time lightning struck within a mile of the place, the door controllers would blow up. This room had the best indoor ground system I had ever seen with three eight-foot ground radials drilled through the foundation and double zero copper all throughout the baseboard. This lone polyphaser here is our, you know, lightning arrestor is the only thing connected to it. Also, I find it humorous because no antennas were connected to it at the time either, but yeah, they never even bothered to hook the antenna to it once they got the ground system. At first, this antenna looks at the top here, looks like it's pointing at Las Vegas. Look again. Too much stress on the tower when the antenna was a popsicle and the wind speed got high enough, ripped the top rungs right off the tower because it wasn't bolted low enough. Alright, I was scratching my head on this next picture and I'm sorry it's a little hard to see, but this is the KAAAM Tower, old, dark one in Kingman. For some reason, someone bolted cellular antennas at the 40-foot level, which it didn't make sense to me and I was scratching my head. I even called their chief engineer and he didn't know. So, you know, I didn't figure out why they did it until I went into the parking lot and this is what I saw across the street. Apparently, cellular coverage is so lousy in our town that they couldn't sell cell phones. And this is a site access gate and this is kind of a double-edged sword. Had it not been for the push bar on this front of this truck, it probably wouldn't grab the gate, but also had it not been there, this guy would have probably lost his junk. And on that note, it has occurred to me that we have ran out of time and so I can clear the stage for the next guy. I will be entertaining your questions in the Q&A room. Thank you for attending and enjoy yourselves the rest of the day.


Hello, this is David Diga Hernandez and you're watching Spirit Church here on the Encounter TV Network. What does the Bible say about angelic beings? We're going to be exploring these exciting revelations, but first Stephen Moctezuma is here with me. He's going to lead you in some very anointed worship and then we're getting right into this message here is Stephen Moctezuma. As with every other topic, it's to be the foundation of our understanding for anything spiritual. And it's important that we not venture out too far into areas that the Scripture has not described for us in detail. It's very, very dangerous when you leave the sure word of God to go and explore ideas of your own. Now there's nothing wrong with asking questions about the supernatural. I believe in angels. I believe in demons. I believe in heaven and hell. You and I both believe in the supernatural and the Bible teaches all of those things are real. But it's important that we not become carried away with topics that are not to be our primary focus. Jesus must remain our focus. The word of God must remain our foundation. So as we explore the word of God concerning angelic beings, I need you to remember that we have to always come back to the word. There are many wonderful revelations that the body of Christ has received concerning angelic beings. But there are also sometimes that people will throw out ideas that are a little strange and strange is not necessarily always bad, but they'll throw out ideas that are strange and then not backed by Scripture. So while it's exciting to explore these topics, we must remain grounded in the word. So as I go through these truths concerning angelic beings, I want you to remember that not everything concerning the angelic realm is perfectly crystal clear as far as how it's laid out in Scripture. The Bible gives us glimpses into the angelic realm. The Bible gives us ideas about the angelic realm. So for example in just a moment, I'm going to show you the different classes of angelic beings in the Scripture. Now as far as exactly how these angels are ranked or if this really is the full list of all the angelic types, we don't really know that for certain. All we can do is take what we know with certainty to be the word of God and take what that tells us and then build our belief upon that. So we shouldn't venture too far out away from that. It's okay to speculate sometimes. It's okay to ask questions. It's okay to suggest interesting ideas. But we mustn't build ideas off of this foundation. So as we explore this, remember to keep that in mind. Now there's a lot of debate about the classes of angels, their ranks and so forth. But as far as what I see in Scripture, these are probably the clearest that I can see as far as types of angels. Now some would categorize these differently than I have and that's okay. As I said, the Bible has given us glimpses into the angelic realm. So for me to be dogmatic about something that's only been somewhat covered in the Scripture would be unhealthy, it wouldn't be a good idea. So let's take a look first here, the first type of angel that I want to look at. And this, as far as I can tell in the Scripture, appears to be the highest ranking angel that there is. Now again, we don't know that perhaps there are other types of ranks or that perhaps there are other types of angelic beings that are not necessarily listed in Scripture. It's not as if God owes it to us to explain all of the workings in the heavenly realm. He simply gives us understanding in the areas that we need understanding. He gives us revelation for those things that apply to us and that actually affect our lives. So first and foremost we have the archangels. Now this word archangels actually in the original language means chief angels. In Jude chapter 1 verse 9 the Bible says, but even Michael, one of the mightiest of the angels did not dare accuse the devil of blasphemy, but simply said the Lord rebuked you. This took place when Michael was arguing with the devil about Moses' body. Now in some translations of the Bible that right there that mightiest of the angels would have been translated archangel. First Thessalonians chapter 4 verse 16 says, for the Lord himself will come down from heaven with a commanding shout, with the voice of an archangel and with the trumpet call of God. First the believers who have died will rise from their graves. So there again we see another mention of an archangel. Now archangels are stronger. Archangels are more powerful. One of their tasks is to engage in spiritual warfare and the reason we can see that archangels are more powerful is because what we see in Daniel chapter 10 verse 13 what the Bible says, but for 21 days the spirit prince of the kingdom of Persia blocked my way. That's an angelic being talking. Then Michael, one of the archangels came to help me and I left him there with the spirit prince of the kingdom of Persia. So Michael came and somewhat rescued this other angelic being from the prince of the kingdom of Persia, which was a spiritual being, a demonic force or a stronghold as you would say. Next we see the seraphim. Now the seraphim are found in Isaiah chapter 6 which is a text I often reference and it's one of my favorite portions of scripture as you can probably tell if you've listened to my teachings for any length of time. But Isaiah chapter 6 beginning at verse number 1, let's read it again here. It was in the year King Uzziah died that I saw the Lord. He was sitting on a lofty throne and the train of his robe filled the temple. Attending him were mighty seraphim each having six wings with two wings they covered their faces with two they covered their feet and with two they flew. They were calling out to each other, holy, holy, holy is the Lord of Heaven's armies. The whole earth is filled with His glory. Their voices shook the temple to its foundations and the entire building was filled with smoke. So I suspect here and in fact some Bible scholars also suspect that the seraphim were singing, holy, holy, holy. So these seraphim have the ability to sing some believe. And here you can see they are tasked with the worship of God. Seraphim are worshipers. Verse 4 tells us very clearly that their voices shook the temple to its foundations and the entire building was filled with smoke. Now that is a powerful voice. If as they're singing holy, holy is the Lord of Heaven's armies. The foundations of the temple are shaking. That tells us that these angelic beings have booming voices. I can't even imagine what worship will be like when we finally cross over into the heavenly realm. Now think about this, I get annoyed sometimes when I'm at a red light and somebody pulls up next to me, they have the base going off in their car. And you can fill the base in your body from the car next to you. That's because of the sound waves. It's such a powerful force that you could fill it in your body. Can you imagine an army of seraphim? Or however many there are, we don't really know. There are some here that we were told about and we know the scripture doesn't necessarily give us a count of how many angelic beings exist. We don't know. But imagine an army of seraphim, each one with such a booming and powerful voice that they can shake a building in its foundation, acquire of them singing, Holy, Holy, Holy is the Lord of Heaven's armies. I'll bet you could fill that in your core when you're in the heavenly realm. So the seraphim have these booming voices. They worship, they have powerful, strong voices. Verse five says, then I said, it's all over, I am doomed for I am a sinful man. He was terrified, Isaiah was terrified because here they are singing the holiness of God and the building is shaking. He's just terrified because he knew he was a sinful man. It's all over. I'm doomed for I'm a sinful man.  I have seen the King, the Lord of Heaven's armies. Now watch this, verse six. Then one of the seraphim flew to me with the burning coal he had taken from the altar with a pair of tongs. He touched my lips with it and said, see this coal has touched your lips. Now your guilt has removed and your sins are forgiven. So we see that the seraphim also play a role in the spiritual realm. In some way, somehow they play a role in the purification of believers. Here Isaiah is a prophet. He's obviously a servant of God. The seraphim come, they're worshiping God. Isaiah is terrified not necessarily because he's sinful as we would count him sinful by human standards. But everyone compared to the holiness of God is sinful. So Isaiah catches this glimpse of the heavenly realm and because of the marvelous light of the glory of God, he's able now to see all of his own flaws. And the seraphim goes and cleanses him. So the seraphim are charged with worship and with purification. So that's archangels, seraphim. And again, we don't know that they necessarily go in this order. I suspect, as I said, that archangels are the mightiest of the angels, as we're told in Jude chapter one, verse nine. Or that they are the chief angels. So I think it's safe to say that archangels are on the top. And as far as what's revealed to us. Next, we see the cherubim. Genesis chapter three, verse 24 says, after sending them out, the Lord God station mighty cherubim to the east of the Garden of Eden. And he placed a flaming sword that flashed back and forth to guard the way to the tree of life. Now in Ezekiel chapter one, we see that these cherubim are described in detail. Ezekiel chapter one, verse five, and then verses 13 through 15 say this, from the center of the cloud came four living beings that looked human. The living beings looked like bright coals of fire or brilliant torches, and lightning seemed to flash back and forth among them. And the living beings darted to and fro like flashes of lightning. As I looked at these beings, I saw four wheels touching the ground beside them, one wheel belonging to each. Now that phrase, one wheel belonging to each is key because it helps us to see the identity of these four living beings. So Ezekiel one, five, and 13 through 15 describes these living beings, and then Ezekiel chapter 10, verses one through two, reveals the identity of these living beings. Again, remember that phrase, one wheel belonging to each. Bible says in Ezekiel chapter 10, verses one through two, in my vision, I saw what appeared to be a throne of blue lapis lazuli above the crystal surface over the heads of the cherubim. Then the Lord spoke to the man in linen clothing and said, go between the whirling wheels beneath the cherubim and take a handful of burning coals and scatter them over the city. He did this as I watched. So there are several things we see about the cherubim. Of course we see in Genesis that they were guarding the way to the tree of life. And then of course also in the book of Exodus we see that the cherubim's images were placed in the tabernacle. And then of course we see here in Ezekiel that they're described as these living beings that move back and forth and they were there at the vision of Ezekiel. They were there when Ezekiel was being given a message by God. So they accompanied the presence of God and there are many other verses in the Bible that tell us about the cherubim. But overall I think all angelic beings sort of serve similar purposes but with different areas of focuses. Much like you and I, all of us can evangelize, all of us can hear from God and repeat God, all of us should know the word and be able to teach the word. But then even though we're all able to do these general tasks, each of us have been given a specific gift and a specific function and a specific focus. So I would say that all angelic beings could probably participate in worship or in cleansing or giving messages. Maybe not all of them participate in spiritual warfare but it seems to me as we continue to read scripture about angels that they all have similar tasks but with special areas of focus. Now, after the cherubim are just what you would call common angels and when I say common angels I'm by no means trying to disrespect angelic beings or try to belittle them. I just mean common in that they're part of kind of just the infantry, the regular angel if you will. So archangels, the seraphim, the cherubim, then there are angels. Now after that we see that there are fallen angels. Now, when it comes to fallen angels you have to remember this, there were actually two sins that were committed by these angelic beings. So there are two punishments. When the angelic beings first rebelled against God their first punishment was that they were cast down to the earth. In fact, we see this in Revelation chapter 12 verse number nine where the Bible says this great dragon, the ancient serpent called the devil or Satan, the one deceiving the whole world was thrown down to the earth with all of his angels. So here is the first rebellion. Here is the first sin committed by these angelic beings. They rebelled against God, they participated in this celestial mutiny and God punishes them by casting them to the earth with the devil. Now there is more that I cover on this I have a lesson on the origins of demons and this will help to kind of put together the timeline. But for now I want to focus on just the simpler thoughts concerning fallen angels. So Revelation chapter 12 verse nine tells us that they were punished by being sent to the earth. This was in their rebellion against God they're punished by being sent to the earth. Genesis chapter six, then the people began to multiply on the earth and daughters were born to them. The sons of God, that's the angelic beings saw the beautiful women and they took any they wanted as their wives. Then the Lord said, my spirit will not put up with humans for such a long time for they are only mortal flesh in the future their normal lifespan will be no more than 120 years. In those days and for some time after giant Nephalites lived on the earth for whenever the sons of God had intercourse with women they gave birth to children who became the heroes and famous warriors of ancient times. Now of course, if you are going to look and say, well the sons of God were probably just human beings who weren't supposed to procreate with certain people outside of national borders, so to speak. Well, this was before the implementation of those laws of nations. And why would that then cause giants to be born? If it was just human being with human being. No, these are angelic beings. In fact, in the Old Testament whenever you see the reference sons of God you never see that as a reference to a human being. You will always see it as a reference to a supernatural being. So you have the first sin committed by some of these angels where they rebelled against God they're punished by being sent to the earth.  And then we see their punishment which is found in 2 Peter chapter two, verse number four. So 2 Peter two four says this for God did not spare even the angels who sinned. He threw them into hell in gloomy pits of darkness where they are being held until the day of judgment. And then Revelation chapter nine, verse 11 also talks about of course the king of the bottomless pit. Now I suspect that some of the angels who participated in that original first sin, the mutiny who were cast down to the earth I suspect not all of them or I should say I suspect some of them did not participate in that second sin namely intercourse with human beings. I believe that because in Galatians chapter one, verse eight we are given a warning to not believe another gospel even if an angelic being preaches it to us. Galatians chapter one, verse eight says let God's curse fall on anyone including us or even an angel from heaven who preaches a different kind of good news than the one we preached to you. So we're being given a warning about angelic beings preaching a different gospel. So I think it's possible that not all of the angels participated in this second sin. Of course all of the fallen angels participated in the first sin that's why they're fallen angels. So it's possible that there are some fallen angels walking among us today and just a little hint for you here demons are not fallen angels. Fallen angels and demonic beings are two totally separate beings. And again for more on that you can go check out my teaching titled The Origins of Demons. So now that we've taken a look at the classes of angels or the categories of angels, archangels, seraphim, cherubim, common angels, fallen angels, I want to now look at just a few simple truths regarding angelic beings. Number one angels have physical bodies. Luke chapter 24 verse four says as they stood there puzzled two men suddenly appeared to them clothed in dazzling robes. So they called them men, but here in verse 23 we actually see the truth. They said his body was missing and they had seen angels who told them Jesus is alive. There were some references in the Old Testament about angelic beings who had come to visit men of God and the people wanted to have sexual intercourse with those angelic beings. In fact we just read it in Genesis chapter six that many of these angels actually had intercourse with human beings. So they have a physical body. I'm aware of the verse that says that angels are neither married nor given in marriage, but this is speaking nothing about their actual physical attributes. It's just the reality that they don't participate in the covenant of marriage. But still we know that angels have physical bodies. Now it appears to me after looking through scripture that their physical bodies are not exactly like ours. They can, I believe, become invisible because many times in the scripture they appear, then they disappear. So they have physical bodies, but with capabilities far beyond that of our bodies. So angels have physical bodies. Number two, angels can appear in dreams. Think about that. That angels can actually go into someone's dream. Matthew chapter one, verse 20 says, as he considered this, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream. Joseph's son of David, the angel said, do not be afraid to take Mary as your wife, for the child within her was conceived by the Holy Spirit. So angelic beings can visit believers in their dreams and possibly even unbelievers. Next we see that angels actually walk among us. So though I believe they can go from visible to invisible, though I believe that they can probably travel from this realm to the heavenly realm. It's still a truth that they walk among us. Hebrews chapter 13, verse two says, don't forget to show hospitality to strangers. For some who have done this, have entertained angels without realizing it. Think about that. Some have entertained angels without realizing it. I remember one time this is back when I lived in Long Beach, California. My wife and I had a small apartment there. And one night she sent me to the market for something. It was really late. I don't remember exactly what it was for, but I go as husbands do and I went to go pick up whatever it was that she wanted.  He was dressed in obviously clothes that looked like they were dirty and hadn't been washed for a while. He was wandering the streets. It had appeared to me. And the man asked me if I could spare any money to feed him. Now I'm not saying this to brag on the good deed that I did. I don't believe in that. I believe in doing your deeds quietly unless the Lord leads you otherwise.  So I took this gentleman in with me and he and I went shopping. We went down different aisles and I just stocked him up on groceries. We picked items that wouldn't go bad out there on the streets. So he has a lot of bags and he's really got nowhere to go, but I figured at least stock him up with something and he could probably figure out what to do with that. So I get in my car. He's in my line of sight the whole time. I was parked right in front of the store. I get in my car. He's waving goodbye. He goes around the building. I wave back to him. And as I'm turning to go down the street, I look around the corner of the building and there's nobody there. The man was gone. There was no bus that had come by.  He probably didn't run with all of those groceries in his hands. I'm not saying that it was absolute certainty that I saw an angelic being. I truly believe at that moment I believe I encountered an angelic being. And this is what he's saying. Let's read it again. Don't forget to show hospitality to strangers. For some who have done this have entertained angels without even realizing it. The next truth about angels is the fact that angels are messengers. Luke chapter one verses 11 to 14 say, well, Zachariah was in the sanctuary. An angel of the Lord appeared to him standing to the right of the incense altar. Zachariah was shaken and overwhelmed with fear when he saw him. But the angel said, don't be afraid Zachariah. God has heard your prayer.  You will have great joy and gladness and many will rejoice at his birth. Next, we see that angels protect Daniel chapter six verse 22.  For I have been found innocent in his sight and I have not wronged you, your majesty. Psalm chapter 91 verses 11 to 13 say, for he will order his angels to protect you wherever you go.  You will trample upon lions and cobras. You will crush fierce lions and serpents under your feet. Angels warn Revelation chapter 14 verses six to seven say, and I saw another angel flying through the sky carrying the eternal good news to proclaim to the people who belong to this world, to every nation, tribe, language, and people. Fear God, he shouted, give glory to him. For the time has come when he will sit as judge, worship him who made the heavens, the earth, the sea, and all the springs of water. There we saw an angel giving a warning about the judgment of God. Angels guide Exodus chapter 23 verse 20. See, I am sending an angel before you to protect you on your journey and lead you safely to the place I have prepared for you. And finally, angels serve. Hebrews chapter one, verse 14 says, therefore angels are only servants, spirits sent to care for people who will inherit salvation. So I wanna pray with you now. Let's just pray that God would open your eyes, that you might be more aware of the supernatural realm around you. Father, in the name of Jesus, I lift your servant to you and I pray today that you would open their eyes. Cause them to rejoice in the reality of the supernatural. Cause them to stand in wonder of all that you have created. Lord, we thank you for the angelic beings that you've sent to us. We thank you for your love and for your compassion and for your mercy. We thank you for all of the blessings in this world and in the other. We honor you today, Jesus. Help us to honor you with our lives every day. In your name we pray and I want you to say it because you believe it, say amen. Well, that is it for the lesson. I wanna welcome now the new members of Spirit Church. There you are up on the screen. We love you, we are praying for you. I always say that because I always mean it. If you'd like information on how you can join the Spirit family, go to DavidHernandezMinisteries.com slash Spirit Church. Join the Spirit family. Today it's absolutely free. And now I wanna get to your comments. These comments are from last week's teaching the Spirit Speaks Prophets. Of course, the Spirit Speaks was a three-part series and Prophets is what I talked about in closing that series. I recommend that you go and watch that teaching especially if you're believing for God to speak to you. Of course, we know that the word of God is the primary way that he speaks to us but he also speaks to other means. And so this message will cause you to appreciate prophets and it will cause you to be aligned that you might receive prophetic words from prophetic people. We must embrace the gifts that God has given to us and prophetic people are gifts to the church. So go ahead and check that teaching out. While you're at it, be sure to subscribe especially if you're watching on YouTube, YouTube.com slash EncounterTV. Be sure to subscribe and click that notification bell when you do so that all of our content can come your way. And finally, if you'd like me to potentially read your comment on next week's edition of Spirit Church then go ahead and leave a comment in the comment section right now. Here are the comments from the Spirit Speaks Prophets. Aboli writes, hello David, your teachings are always very uplifting. I have never felt so edified before. Your anointing is felt even on screen. Your teachings are brief, straight to the point and very sincere. The topic of the prophetic has never been so clear to me. All my doubts have been clarified.  Thank you. Well, I wanna make it clear that all the glory belongs to Jesus. Angelina writes, dig up. I thank God for allowing me to discover your wonderful and blessed channel. The Holy Spirit has taught me so much through your channel and I'm grateful. I thank you and Stephen for all you do. I feel so much more closer to the Lord. God bless you brother. I look forward to every new video every week. Well, God bless you Angelina. I'm so thrilled to know that the Lord is touching your life through his ministry. Lady C. Oak writes, Pastor David, thank you so much for this balanced teaching on the office of the prophetic. Being in that office of ministry, I truly appreciate this teaching you gave to us. So blessed today. Marita Bow writes, thanks my friends, David and Stephen for the wonderfully anointed worship and spirit-filled teaching. You share high quality videos, both in content and technically. I like how you trust God with the economy. We really appreciate it and support it with joy. I recommend everyone to support this ministry. God bless you. Looking forward to meeting you on Zoom. Well, Marita is talking about the monthly Zoom calls that Steve and I are now doing with all of our ministry partners. You haven't partnered yet. Be sure that you do. And if you are partnered and didn't see that email, make sure you're looking at your email inbox because we send an invite every single month now. Actually, we did one last month and now this is gonna be the second one. So we are going to be sending these invites every single month, but we have sent the invite for the first one. Make sure you're a part of that. That's something that we really enjoy doing. It's more of a personal touch for our partners. When I'm on camera here, I'm talking to you one way and you're commenting back to the comments. When I'm live streaming, I'm talking to you one way and you're talking back to the comments. But on Zoom, I can see your face. You can see my face. You can hear my voice. I can hear your voice and it's a much more personal dynamic. I love it. And again, that's open to all of our monthly partners. If you haven't partnered with the ministry yet, it's time to do so. I got a verse I wanna read to you. 1 Corinthians chapter nine verse 16 and the King James version says this, for though I preach the gospel, I have nothing to glory. For necessity is laid upon me. Ye woe is unto me if I preach not the gospel. I love what he said. Necessity is laid on me. Do you realize necessity is laid on us to preach the gospel? You and I are participating in a spiritual war. Now I recognize that we have victory in Christ, he's won. But that doesn't mean that there still isn't work to do. There are souls that need to be saved and you and I are engaged in a war for souls. We're engaged in a battle for the soul of a generation. The enemy is fighting for the eyes and the ears of this generation. This generation is consuming pornography.  Now it doesn't matter if someone's been programmed by the system through movies and music and through all sorts of the education system even because even if they were watching all of that, even if they were receiving that darkness for decades, one moment with God can change everything. One touch of the Holy Spirit's power can transform that heart, can change that life. And so you and I are fighting back against the darkness. You and I are shining a light in the dark place in the midst of all that chaos, in the midst of all that deception, you and I are placing the uncompromised truth in front of the unbeliever. And I want you to join us in this. Join God's army as we all unite together in the thousands. We have thousands of ministry partners all around the world. Join together with us. Let's join our resources, join our efforts and let's go and win souls. Do that today, become a partner today for just $10 a month or more. If you want information on how you can become a monthly ministry supporter, go to davidhernandezministries.com slash partner. If you'd like to give a one-time gift, you can go to davidhernandezministries.com slash donate but I encourage you to do that today. Join this army of believers and help us fight for the soul of this generation. Well, that is it for this edition of Spirit Church here on the EncounterTV Network. Until next time, remember, nothing is impossible with God. Thank you for watching EncounterTV. Don't forget to subscribe and click the notification bell. Also, help us spread the gospel of Jesus Christ in the power of the Holy Spirit. Make a one-time donation or become a monthly supporter by clicking on the donate link now.


That's the theme from the Sears Radio Theater. Tonight, a program of love and hate with Cicely Tyson as your hostess. Here's a preview. And Kathy, I'm hanging on to my good looks. I'm hanging on to everything that makes me feel alive. OK. It's not OK. How can I go on living with a woman who doubts me? I won't doubt you anymore. I don't believe you. The Sears Radio Theater will begin after this message from your local station. Here comes Kathy Appleby. Her freshness stands out in the sophisticated New York City crowd. She's got freckles and corn silk hair. The soft brown eyes keep gazing up and down those skyscrapers as if she's never seen anything so big. Kathy's just had a promotion from the Munti, Indiana local news to the national news. It's her first day on the job.  There she goes into the elevator. Wrong one. Kathy works on the 42nd floor. This one only goes up to 30. Ah, there. That's right, one. All right. Let's see how she's doing as an up and coming producer's assistant. Her first duty. Deliver a memo. That doesn't sound very challenging. Oh, but wait. She's taking the note to David Jeffries, the international correspondent. Oh, he looks better on TV than he does in person. Mr. Jeffries. What do you want? Oh, hi. A memo for you. I, um, I like you medallion. It's gold. Solid. An ex-girlfriend gave it to me. It's my side. Torres, we're supposed to be very sexual. Oh. Do you believe in that? Not really. Me neither. I usually tell people my sign is the dollar sign. That's cute. So are you. May I take you to dinner? And that's just the beginning of our story. Radio Theatre, a new adventure in radio listening. Five nights of exceptional entertainment every week brought to you in Elliott Lewis' production of the Sears Radio Theatre. Our story, My Hero, by Patricia Joyce. Our stars, Les Tremaine and Harriet Nelson, with Miss Joyce as Captain. The Sears Radio Theatre is brought to you by Sears Robot and Company. Sears, where America shops for value. Feel more than mileage between Muncie, Indiana, and New York City. There are different attitudes, another pace. And in Kathy Appelbee's life, the validity of friendships and how people relate to one another. See, the young woman with things to learn. Kathy, here's to a successful career in New York. Thank you. How's yours, Samoan Windjammer? Good. It's got coconuts used in it. So you're from Muncie, Indiana. Yeah? What's in Muncie? Wall State University? Right. Anything else? Well, not much by New York standards, I guess. Pretty dumb. Not really. We just have different ideas of fun. Such as? Oh, like the tires swing by the pond. I used to go off and mess around on that till I was 20. Or family reunions, all the ginger ale you can drink, and everybody cooked their specialties. I used to get upset because Aunt Sylvie always brought stewed rabbit. And I had a pet rabbit named Eustace. I really adored that rabbit. One day I'll let him hop around in the backyard, and then a little while later, Eustace had babies and we thought he was a girl. What a hoot. Am I talking too much? No, no, no. You're very charming. I was just thinking that a delightful young woman like you shouldn't be behind the scenes. You should be a reporter. Oh, I couldn't. I'm much too shy. Oh, but you just said you talked a lot. Well, not real. Usually I'm pretty quiet. But once I start talking, I forget to stop. It's awful. But it doesn't happen much in business, though. So I guess that's good. I guess I love reporting so much that I assume anyone else would enjoy it, too. Have you had the Bora Bora shrink yet? Not yet. Thanks. I've worked so hard. And don't think it isn't hard to get to the top. But it's worth it for the simple reason that now I get the best assignments. It was great for you.  This is very hush-hush of the State Department. I'll keep mom. Keep mom? Quaint. Washington is negotiating to send a few diplomats, doctors, and correspondents to an ancient city way deep in Tibet. They say it's just extraordinary there. Sounds neat. If the negotiations are successful, I'll be representing our network. Wow. At least they say I will. They need someone rugged. Like you? Right. Just think, Taffy. The Himalayas, Sherpa Guides, mountain goats, it's incredible. It is, wow. Do you travel? Closest I've ever been to Tibet was when cousin Jane let me hold her lots of opso. They say the breed is important in there. I've traveled in the States, but never abroad. Must be wonderful. Oh, it's fabulous. If you wish, we can go back to my apartment and I'll show you some of the pieces I've collected. Silver filigree from India, porcelain from France, jade from China. Is it in antique? Of course. Staffordshire. Very expensive. Lovely, isn't it? Oh, yes. You have such wonderful souvenirs. Want some, Brandy? No thanks. Those Samoan wind jammers are a little more than I'm used to. I put a clean toothbrush in the bathroom if you want to make yourself comfortable. What? You know, a toothbrush. Is this a New York custom that I don't know about?  That's weird. When a gentleman has a lady stay over, he provides her with a toothbrush. Oh. It's down the hall. Second door on the left. Oh, that's sweet about the toothbrush and everything, but I can't stay over. Why not? Because I don't know you well enough. And why did you come back to my apartment? To see your collection, remember? Oh, great. Dave, it's nothing against you.  I always thought you were really special, sort of my hero. I'm honored that you'd want me, but I have to do things in my own time. It'll be a lot better for both of us if I'm comfortable, OK? All right. Then it's OK. Fine. Maybe we can see each other tomorrow. If I'm free, I have to check my schedule. That was so much fun. I've never seen a carousel so big. Well, let's go over to the green and listen to the street musicians. You know what Central Park reminds me of? Those French Impressionist paintings with all the people gathered by the banks of the Sains? I find the French Impressionists a bit prosaic. Oh. Do you find New York better than Muncie, Indiana? I guess so. It's much more exciting.  I have a collection, too. You want to see it? What is this stuff? It's children's art. I collected my favorite pieces from all the kids in the neighborhood. You're not planning to hang these, are you? Oh, well, no. I guess I should keep them under the bed or something. But they are nice, aren't they? Oh, yeah. They're very nice. Kathy. What? Let's try a little experiment. Sure. Read this. OK. Fighting rages today in the Christian section of Beirut. Civilian casualties are heavy, although red cross personnel work round the clock. They are critically short of men and supplies. Well, thank heavens. It was just an experiment. Well, I told you I wanted to work behind the scenes anyway. Kathy. Mm-hmm? My model of the Taj Mahal, the one with the light inside, it looks filthy. In fact, the whole shelf is pretty bad. Would you dust it while you're here? I thought the maid did that. Mm-hmm, not the collection. OK, I'll get it later. Why not now? Look, Dave, I'm right in the middle of these production reports. I'll do it when I'm done. Always thinking of yourself. Never other people. I said I'd do it later. But you take care of yourself first. Sometimes I wonder why I put up with it. What do you mean? You slurp your breakfast cereal. You talk too loud in art museums.  Oh, excuse me. You had a pet rabbit, didn't you? Dave, look, I'm doing my best. I really am. Well, that's your best. The results are embarrassing. Look, I'm sorry. But, you know, maybe this isn't working out. What's that supposed to mean? I mean, maybe we shouldn't spend so much time together living so close.  Well, I'm not really happy. I wanted to be, but I think I should move back to that sappy young lady's hotel. You found somebody else you want to date? No. Then why would you want to move? I don't think we get along. We get along fine. You're always yelling at me and ordering me around and I don't think you respect me or even like me very much. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I haven't been feeling well. I'm sick. It doesn't help my temper, any. I'm really sorry. Well, why didn't you tell me? Well, I didn't want to worry you. Oh, you poor guy. You worked so hard. No wonder. Hey, look, why don't you take some time off? They don't really need you right now.  How about it? It won't help. Why not? Because there's no cure. It's cancer. They expect it'll be over in a year. Holy mother! I've been in a lot of pain. I try to be brave, like my reputation demands. But sometimes, like right now, the ache is so intense that I don't feel like being brave. Poor Jane. Ow! Don't touch me on that side. That's-that's-that's worth hurting. I'm sorry. Listen, Kathy, don't mention this to anyone. Not anyone, you promise? Sure, but-but I'll come. I don't want anyone in the news department to find out. They'll feel sorry for me and give me soft assignments. If I've only one year left, I want to do it right. Face it strong. Head on. That's kind of man I am. Tough. Of course. Now that you know, I suppose you'll want to move to that hotel. Oh, Dave! No, don't worry. Don't worry. I can handle this alone. Dave, maybe I get angry at you sometimes, but the bottom line is that I really care about you. I don't want to see you hurting, not at all. So if it's okay, I'll move in. I'll take care of you. I'll comfort you in any way I can, okay? Oh, thanks, love. I hope I can be worthy of your sweetness. Don't be silly, Dave. It's the least I can do. I need to go for a walk. Get some air. Are you okay? Oh, I'm fine. I'm fine. You be brave. I'll be right back. Don't worry about me. See you soon. I could.  I brought all the briefs from your Middle East assignment. The one on Sirius, surprisingly enough, is really fascinating. Forget work for a minute, Alan. I have come up with the world's greatest scam. Oh, yeah? What? I should patent this and sell it. I have a foolproof way, and that's the real genius. It's foolproof. It's a way of getting a woman to move in with you and wait on you, hand and foot. How? Tell her you're dying of cancer. Hey, it's not true, is it? Of course not. Well, who's gonna believe that? Well, you almost did for one. Kathy Appleby for another. But she's a sharp girl. A little country, maybe, but still... Exactly. She's a hit, Alan. She believes that people are basically good and that things will turn out for the best. And she bought this cancer story? All the way. Really? I listened through the door after I left. She was crying, stumbling over furniture. She was so upset I almost decided to give myself a miracle cure. Ah, but then I thought, No. This is too good to throw away. Ha, ha, ha. That's hilarious. Really hilarious. Yeah, yeah. It's got that stroke of brilliance. If I do say so myself. The beauty can be expressed in many ways. But the most vicious is the betrayal of love and having betrayed to misuse that love to take continuing advantage of it. Well, I see you finally picked up my shirts. We really should find another laundry. The line at this one is so long. This is the only one that does my colors right. Oh. The lines aren't so bad if you go during the day. Well, who's got the time? Kathy, sit down a minute. Okay. I make plenty of money for both of us. So why don't you leave that crummy assistant's job? It's not a crummy job. I enjoy it. I didn't mean it that way. Besides, I've never been financially dependent on any man. I don't want you to be dependent. I just want to pay your way so we can spend more time together. But you'll be away at work. Sometimes. Well, what about the night you work late or the time it takes you to run the errands? I'm too sick to do. We can be together then. I guess. I really need you now. It won't be for very long. You know that. The doctor says I've only got a few more months. It's absurd! He's never charged me half this much. Well, how was I supposed to know you said pick up the alterations and pay for them? Well, if only I didn't have these pains. I wish the muscles in my chest were strong enough for me to pick it up myself.  Well, you could have told me what it should cost. You would have known if you weren't such a hit. Please don't insult me.  You can, you haven't lost any weight. In fact, I think you've gained a little. What's your point? The point is that every time we fight or you don't get your way, you start talking about your cancer. You make the symptoms worse in the amount of time you have to live shorter, but I don't see any changing you. And, well, let me gain to be suspicious. Of what?  I think you might be faking it. Dave? We'll say something. You really think I'd fake something like cancer? I don't know. That really hurts. Sorry. I thought you'd be pleased and look healthy. Well, I am, but I just... But you doubt me. Then I'm sorry I look good. Up to now, I was happy that I looked healthy. I thought my strong, rugged appearance would guarantee me the Tibetan signs. The one thing I want before I die. Besides, of course, the pleasure of your company. Okay. I'm sorry. I was wondering, so I had to ask it, on the level. I'm happy. I'm hanging on to my good looks. I'm hanging on to everything that makes me feel alive. Okay. Okay. It's not okay. How can I go on living with a woman who doubts me? I won't doubt you anymore. I don't believe you.  I said I was sorry. I don't see why I should let you stay.  I really would. I care about you. You got another promotion, Ronnie. Another promotion. This is really not that big. Oh, you deserve it. You won all the prizes in college. Yeah. You know why? Because you got class. That's the most important secret class. Men like me, we're the virile outdoor types. We have to work at class. We don't win awards. We get honorable mention.  A famous TV person. A reporter on the spot.   Rich with human interests. Rich. You see? I know what the critics say about you. If you're not happy with what you're doing, change it. No, it's too late.  It's sad. It's really sad. You want to know sad? Read my next article. Here, just read it. I'll buy it and get two more. Coming up. It's sad, isn't it? Oh, I don't believe it. Yet you're right in your gut, doesn't it? A kid like Randolph Johnson could have been the hottest thing in pro basketball. Okay, keep it changed. Thank you, sir. More down in the earliest bloom of his youth by one of mankind's merciless marauders, that provoking paradox paralysis.   It's a wonderful article. Yeah, you just think so? Yeah, it's wonderful. Well, I just hope I did the kid justice. Ronnie, I... Look, I got to tell you something yesterday. I'm just telling you because you're an old friend. I am going to be cut down in the bloom of my career, too. Huh? Bangalore. Oh, what happened? I'm dying of cancer. Oh, Dave. Dave, I'm so sorry. I didn't know in the bloom of my career but I'm going out like a man by ten or another hour. I haven't seen you and it was that honorary banquet for ADM, wasn't it? No, no, I ran into you last February at the old club. Of course. Certainly better than Grand Central. Where are you off to? Stanford. It's my daughter's birthday and I promised I'd come up. How about you? Oh, just my normal commute. I live in Montkisco. Oh, how lovely. Hey, I had a couple of drinks with one of your staff last week. Oh, who is that? David Jeffries. We know each other from school. Oh, yes. He's about to go off on a very interesting assignment. Oh, what's that? The State Department has been negotiating for almost a year to send a diplomatic mission to parts of ancient Tibet. Permission just came through and I've chosen David to go as our correspondent. Oh, it should be a very exciting assignment for you. Heaven knows he wants it badly enough. He's been coming into my office every week to see if it's going to work out. Mildred, I don't think you should take the risk. Why not? Well, haven't you heard? Dave is dying of cancer. Oh, oh, I didn't know. He told me so himself last week. A poor man. Yeah, really tore me up. My conscience certainly won't permit me to send a dying man to some remote region far from medical attention. Yeah, I really don't think you should. To say nothing of jeopardizing the story or causing extra difficulties for one of Washington's more delicate missions. Oh, I'm glad you told me. Poor Dave. And that's not all. They've also moved me temporarily to local news. Holy Moses!  Maybe we should get out of town just for the weekend so you can relax. If I go anywhere, I'll go by myself. I don't want to spend two days doing nothing but listening to you simple. Oh, Dave, don't take your anger out on me. It's not fair and it's childish. But you're driving me crazy.  Gives me the creeps. Well, he's quibbering around afraid I'll step on you. Yes, I am afraid you'll step on me. Nothing I do is right. I try to please you. I clean up. I cook things. It's never enough.   Well, you better learn to do something right. You weren't worth much as a producer's assistant. That's not true. Head of the news department said you were lousy. No, did wife fit that? She did. She couldn't have. They were going to ship you home fast. Oh, wow. What? I've been thinking lately and everything.  I try to excuse a lot of things because of your illness. The part of me that still cares about you is an agony that you're dying. But the part of me that hates your constant put-downs hates me for staying here and letting you kick me around. Oh, I don't kick you around. You do. You insult my cooking. It was a joke. Can't you take a joke? I guess not.  I'll come back and pack while you're at work. Working on the local news. Terrific. You know you'll be back. Don't be too sure. Kathy, I've only got a few more weeks. The doctor said... Sleep Tyson again with the concluding act of my view. Ms. Weiss, I finished the reports you ordered. Thank you, Kathy. I'll just put it here. Um... Do you mind if I ask you something? Not at all. Is my work okay? Yes, it's quite good as a matter of fact. Why? What about the time I first came here before I quit to live with David Jeffery? I always thought you did beautifully. Why? Oh, somebody told me that you didn't like what I did. Oh, that's ridiculous. But I hope you're not one of those people who uses praise as an excuse to become lazy. Not me. I don't know, Dave. I don't understand it either. Well, actually, I can understand why they fired me from the local news. Can't you, Alan? No, I thought you were marvelous. Oh, well, thanks. But I don't do it well. A man like me can't cover the fireman's picnic in Central Park. For what are you going to do? I'm going to do foreign news. Report her on the spot from all the world's hot points. I'm really great at that. Just excellent. Oh, sir, you're terrific. So call Mildred Weiss and tell her you're coming back. Oh, don't think I haven't. In the six months since they fired me, I've gone and seen her four times. I've been to see the heads of all the other network news departments at least twice. What did she say? Nothing. They just hedged and acted nervous. They hurried me out of their offices like I was carrying the disease. Even Mildred? Especially Mildred. After all I've done for her. I made that news department, you know. I know. Alan, do me a favor. Call Mildred. Go in and see her. Try a persuader to hire me. Yes, Alan. What did you want to see me about? Ms. Weiss, I'm really sorry to trouble you, but there's a matter that I think bears your consideration. What's that? David Jeffries. Those of us who worked under him really miss him. We were wondering why he's not back here with us. I have my reasons. I'd like to know what they are. Let's let it pass. It's really important to me. Alan, I don't know how to tell you this, so I'll come right to the point. David Jeffries is dying of cancer. I don't think it's amusing. I'm sorry. You don't understand. Dave's not dying of cancer. It was a joke. People don't joke about things like cancer. But look at him. You've seen him lately, haven't you? He's the picture of health, Ms. Weiss. He's tan. I mean, he looks like one of those tough guys on a cigarette ad. He doesn't look sick. Alan, I'm sure you're aware that cancer is a rather insidious disease. It has a way of eating away at the interior, even though the exterior appears to be healthy. I couldn't risk the man's health by sending him to some remote foreign country on assignment. But there's no risk. I'm telling you, it was just a joke to hang on the cafe applebee. I don't understand. He told cafe he was dying of cancer. He really had her coming and going. It was one great practical joke. Is that true? Scouts' honor. Well, that hardly increases my respect for David Jeffries. Oh, don't you think it's funny? I think it's extremely cruel. You're kidding. Apparently, it never occurred to David or you that Kathy might have feelings. Oh, she can take it. Obviously, she has no choice. She's a strong, intelligent girl. She's back with us doing excellent work. I've just given her a promotion. She's also a very sensitive young woman. I have no doubt that your little joke was very painful to her. Kathy didn't care. She was bonkers over Dave. I mean, David Jeffries. You can go now, Alan. Tell Mr. Jeffries that I'm not interested in hiring a reporter who has no personal integrity. Then she leans forward and looks at me into those beady little eyes of hers, Dave, and she says, tell Mr. Jeffries that I'm not interested in hiring a reporter who has no personal integrity. Oh, the pompous old witch. Hey, Kathy's back there doing excellent work, I might add, unquote. That girl can't even fry an egg correctly. Makes you mad. Wait a minute. I'm getting an idea. One great scheme deserves another. Now, obviously, this whole mess started because of that one great gimmick. So I'll use another gimmick to get out of it. What? Kathy's back there on the job. Mildred's worried that I hurt Kathy. Kathy is a pushover and she's always adored me. So what I'll do is simply charm Kathy into telling Mildred Weiss to give me my job back. How? I'll take her to that Polynesian restaurant we went to on our first date to whine her and dine her, and she'll go for it. You just wait. Kathy, baby, you're looking great.  So, you're back in the newsroom, huh? Network couldn't get along without you. They're not the only ones, Kathy. I'm having trouble getting along without you, too. What Mildred Weiss told me is true, isn't it? Kathy, don't be cold. I asked you a question. What was the question? I asked if what Mildred Weiss told me was the truth. I don't know, love, but what did she say? She said that you don't have cancer and you never did. That it was just a trick to humiliate me. Well, honey, it's a half-true. Meaning? Well, I didn't want to humiliate you, it was just a joke. A joke? Well, something we'll look back at at times like this and laugh. Just one of those crazy stunts that make up the brighter moment in life's pattern.  Those little sadnesses give life its texture, don't they? Well, Mildred Weiss told me that you were putting me on about having cancer. I was really furious. I wanted to hurt you with my bare hands. I'd never felt that violent before. And then I calmed down a little.  Taking your soul, maybe, even if your body is healthy. It made me really sad. Perhaps you could come back and we could start over. I don't think so. But you just said you understood and felt sad. I learned a few lessons from all that we went through. And one of them was that pity is no basis for a relationship. You folks want to start with a cocktail? Two Samoan wind jammers. Make mine orange juice. One Samoan wind jammer, one orange juice. What do you want to eat, love? I'm not staying for dinner. Why not? I have plans. Just the drinks then. Plans with another man? That's not your business, especially not now. I'd like to make it my business if you'd like to come back. Dave, it was awful living with you. You attacked me constantly. Nothing I ever did was good enough to please you. You put me down for having all the little personality traits that are just me. I was so demoralized. I started thinking I was a terrible person. Love, I wasn't trying to hurt you. Maloney. It doesn't make sense, baby.  I wondered about that myself. And then I started to understand. You're scared. You're afraid of anybody who's happy and positive. You're afraid that their experience of life won't turn out to be as ugly and mutilated as yours. And you're terrified that there may be such things as love and warmth available. And you'll go through life never learning how to receive them. Oh, that's absurd. I know you loved me. It's just that, Dave, I did. I really did. And you didn't have to bully me or manipulate me. Not to get my affection in you. I know. It was just... Here we go. Wenjama and O.J. Anything else? No thanks. You didn't have to try to impress me either. I could see right through the showing off to the fear underneath. I didn't mind your fear. In fact, I thought it was kind of touching in humans. So, if you like me so much, why don't you come back? I don't like you. Not anymore.  You came to give me a sermon? Well, that's why you're here. David, I'm trying to talk from my heart and not from my anger. All right, Pollyanna. Cut the nonsense. I forgot how impossible you are to deal with... Sometimes. Listen, honey, even if it won't work out for us to live together, will you do me a favor? That depends on what it is. I'm not the kind of man who beats around the bush. I'm direct. So here it is. I want you to go to Mildred Weiss and ask her to give me my job back. Another lesson I learned was to say no to people like you. That means you won't do it? Exactly. But you won't me this favor. I don't know you anything. You most certainly do. I need the money. I spent a lot of cash when you were living with me. I never wanted you to support me. All right. I know. Listen, I'm going crazy.   Oh, come on, love. Don't give me a hard time. Go see Mildred. No. Please. No. Honey, think of all we've been through. Please. That's exactly why I won't go. I've been through too much with you. I know how inconsiderate you can be, and I wouldn't recommend you to Mildred or anyone else until I see you've changed. Well, I have changed, love. You cannot. You didn't come here out of kindness or consideration. You didn't apologize for what you did. You didn't try to ease my pain. You didn't even ask how I was doing.  Kathy, you got me all wrong. Oh, no, I haven't.  Maybe it's not too late for you to wake up and change before the cancer in your spirit really destroys you. Kathy, sit down. Let's talk it over. Goodbye, Dave. Please don't ever call me again. You're not looking at my side of... I gotta find another gimmick. That's all. Maybe... Maybe I'll talk Ron harder into writing a story about me. The reporter has... miracle cure. Waitress. Yes? Check, please. The lady already paid it. How much was it? 4.25. Here you go. Keep the change. The lady already paid it. You keep it. Nobody pays my bills for me. Whatever you say. I'm not kind of a guy. Tough. I know I'm supposed to be impressed. But the lady even left a bigger tip. There has been brought to you by Sears Robot Inc. where our policy is satisfaction guaranteed for your money back. Sears. Where America shops for value. My hero was written by Patricia Joyce produced and directed by Fletcher Marco. Our hostess was Sicily Tyson. Our stars were Les Tremaine, Harriet Nelson and Patricia Joyce. Also heard were Barney Phillips, Byron Kane and Peggy Weber. The music for Sears Radio Theatre was composed and conducted by Nelson Riddle. Art Gilmore speaking. The Elliott Lewis production of Sears Radio Theatre is the presentation of CVI.


for Iran. So why not do as Bhaskar is suggesting and simply move towards what the Nordic countries are doing with more generous welfare programs and higher taxes, but it seems like a pretty straightforward trade-off? Well, because it's a miserable trade-off and the Nordic countries are not a model for anything. And one has to know a little bit of history about the Nordic countries. So if you go back to the 19th century, Sweden, for example, and you can take any one of the Nordic countries, this is true. Sweden was one of the poorest, if not the poorest country in Europe. It was an agrarian country and it was good poor while a lot of Swedes landed up immigrating to the United States. In about 1870, Sweden passed laws that basically made it the freest country in Europe from a capitalist perspective. They became a capitalist nation in the economic freedom index. They would have ranked as one of the freest countries in the world. And indeed, they maintained that situation from 1870 until the mid 20th century, until about 1960. And they were both free capitalists and or relatively capitalists. And at the same time, they became the wealthiest country in Europe. Sweden during those periods was on a per capita GDP basis, one of the wealthiest countries in Europe. And about 1960, they adopted socialism. And from 1960 on, they dropped, in terms of wealth per capita, dramatically. They lost all their industries. Indeed, industries left Sweden unmasked to the point where I think in 1979, the largest industry in Sweden was ABBA. Because industry is gone. And by 1994, Sweden was bankrupt. They had basically taken all the wealth that they created during the capitalist period and redistributed it. And now they had none. They were bankrupt. And since 1994, in which direction is Sweden gone? Not far enough, in my view. But they have gone towards reducing benefits. They have gone towards massively deregulating the economy, privatizing those sections of the economy that were nationalized. And today, Sweden, on the Economic Freedom Index, ranks relatively high. It is not. And when Buddy Sanders a few years ago said, I want socialism like Denmark. It was the prime minister of Denmark who came out and said, we're not socialists. There's no socialism in Scandinavia. Their markets are free. They are less regulated than we are now. They're not capitalist. But then America is not capitalist either. We were capitalist a long time ago. And yes, I'd love to answer a question about the 19th century. But we're not free anymore. We're mixed economies. Sweden is mixed. They redistribute more, but they regulate less than we do. We regulate more and we redistribute less. What we need today, what I call the new intellectual, would be any man or woman who is willing to think. Meaning any man or woman who knows that man's life must be guided by reason, by the intellect, not by feelings, wishes, wins or mystic revelations. Any man or woman who values his life and who does not want to give in to today's cult of despair, cynicism and impotence and does not intend to give up the world to the dark ages and to the role of the collectivist brought. Using the super chat. And I noticed yesterday when I appealed for support for the show, many of you step forward and actually supported the show for the first time. So I'll do it again. Maybe we'll get some more today. If you like what you're hearing, if you appreciate what I'm doing, then I appreciate your support. Those of you who don't yet support the show, please take this opportunity. Go to your on book show.com slash support or go to subscribe star.com. You're on book show and and make a kind of a monthly contribution to keep this to keep this going. I'm not showing the next


This study evaluated the accuracy of the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer, MODIS, evapotranspiration, ET, product against eddy covariance, EC, measurements in two ecosystems in South Africa. The MODIS-ET product was found to be inconsistent with EC measurements in both sites, indicating that further research is needed to improve the accuracy of the MODIS-ET product for use in South Africa. This article was authored by Abel Romillo, Nabil Majozi, Rino Matthew, and others.