Hi guys, good morning Friday the 26th of July just coming up to court past eight here In London and as you can see on my right hand side the man the myth the legend Mario Draghi All but confirming We are gonna have those rate cuts before he ends his term on October the 31st And he's gonna go that whole Journey as ECB president without raising rates at all which is quite remarkable We've been going back at least six months ago where we were talking about just before he was going to leave at the end of the summer that he was actually going to raise rates and What a different six months may We'll start by going over the markets and just having a quick recap of of things from yesterday And then obviously have a look at some of the news headlines from this morning What's driving price in what's expected? I would say to be a relatively quiet European session before we get to the main point of US GDP numbers 130 UK time so just bringing up the Euro chart here and you can see I Mean looking at that you would say absolutely classic ECB meeting where you get a spike one way Reverse or the other and finish pretty much flat So you could argue Draghi's done an absolutely amazing job on that If we blow it down to a five-minute time frame the initial Headline coming out that they were no rate cut So we were going into this meeting 50% priced in from traders that we were gonna have that cut So that was just an unwind of those dovish bets if you like I'm just gonna put this onto a minute chart now where you can see we spiked higher above the R1 above that 24 to 48 hour range and then the the dovish forward guidance really Led to this move lower that they are going to start looking into this QE program and Starting up the asset purchase program yet again, and that did us drift down pretty much until Draghi walked out so 130 45 minutes after the initial announcement Mario Draghi took the took the stand if you'd like and The low of the day 133 so three minutes into his speech and pretty much when he started reading the statement as he walked out a tiny bit late no real talk of Rate cuts or policy change act yesterday's meeting or for yesterday's meeting that saw us push higher Reverse pretty much the whole move in the first few minutes before pushing on hitting the R2 and since then we did drift lower on that That that push higher that we had and then into the back end of the session We pretty much finished where we started so you can see here on the 1245 we finished maybe Two ticks above so really well done from Draghi We interesting see what happens with the minutes the minutes will be a An interesting release. What did they talk about in that meeting? You know they're saying there was no Policy change talk in there whether there would be I think you can see some more Or some follow-through of some euro weakness from that We are just seeing the the dollar strengthen the touch this morning not just against euro But the pound and you'll see in euro dollars come lower and work from a technical point of view just being aware on the Futures, I'm supposed to move this above the calendar the camera story so you can see 111 70 very key level we had support initially Going back to Wednesday morning Then yesterday morning and afternoon That'll be a key point to to have marked up my my personal view on on the euro dollar Didn't quite get up to you know what would have been a lovely point of entry I do think over the coming weeks you're going to see a continuation of this this Overall trend that we're in just putting this on the 240 chart of four hour We have just been drifting lower and even going back over the last few months any Potential rally you're just seeing the dollar balls come back in. Yes You've got next Wednesday the the Fed announcement and depending on on how dovish they are how their forward guidance comes in We'll depend on this market Going higher or lower, but I think certainly Well, not necessarily certainly, but in my opinion over the coming weeks and months We are just going to continue this this push down and I think 111 The futures and the euro would not be too far away Which you can see today would come in at S2 whether we could get down there today or not I would be unsure effects of you'll come in to those US GDP numbers at 130 elsewhere The bund made a new all-time high on that initial spike of the the no cut The unwind of those dovish bets and then you saw a reversal of that move and more We then pushed down and really came back up to finish near the pivot and you can argue now its business as usual It's continuous. If yes, they didn't happen for the bun in turn that did drag down UST notes as well You can see initial spike from 1245 before coming lower on that much correlated monetary policy move the DAX similar to the Bund and you had the initial spike before reversing a lot of that We haven't actually and you can see here that the DAX just going to go through that Increased volume period from the open the DAX didn't really recover from yesterday afternoon and that move coupled with US stocks coming down at the same time you can see very correlated across the the board There for European and US markets overnight. We did have some earnings out from some of the larger companies alphabet Shares rose about 8% after the company reported quarterly results that eased investors concerns about the growth challenges facing its Google advertising business So driven by ad sales second quarter revenue and earnings beat analysts Expectations in addition the world's largest online Search and ads firm unlike number two online ad player Facebook A day earlier offered no worrisome guidance about increasing Regulatory scrutiny so we saw and we can have a quick look over at the Nasdaq here in We also had Earnings out of of Amazon as well which slipped and we'll come on to that in a moment But you can see which way the market decided to to take this Certainly over the last few years when there's been good and bad news at the same time It's going to go with the good more often not for these stock markets We had a really strong push higher which helped bring that S&P and the Dow Jones in correlation With it a bit higher rather than the DAX which is obviously still remained lower from yesterday's push So the yeah, you can see here the Nasdaq back to pretty much where we were before the press conference from from Dragon yesterday Obviously the tech sector in the S&P benefited a touch as well from them We have drifted on but nowhere near as much as the Nasdaq so all good there for for Alphabet pushing about 8% higher conflict for Confliction there you had Amazon who were worse than expected the first profit missing two years Said income would slump in the in that current quarter as the online retail that ramps up spending on one day delivery To spark sales growth. So first missing two years hasn't necessarily worried investors only drifted down about 1% Which is is crazy really considering You know the moves that it's been having over the last few weeks and months and years so only 1% miss on that Looks as if people may already be interested to certainly buy the dip and the stock markets in the US not worry It seems we're yet again in the build up to these earnings. They're going to be the worst for XYZ That's all priced in and then unless they're really bad the markets aren't going to blink and it does seem going into next week That's all put behind us. It's going to be The cut we're all expecting stocks could continue this this push higher into the election and Trump will be tweeting happy days So yes, Amazon worse than than expected the just going into a bit more detail there the they actually said the company Also said its investment in faster shipping was starting to pay off. So positive with revenue rising 20% 63.4 billion in the second quarter ending in June that topped and that Analysts estimates and the 17% rate of growth that Amazon posted in April So while shares did fall there was some positives in there, which of course would have capped price A touch and you can see here the NASDAQ well continuing to push on this morning quick look elsewhere in the markets Just to have a quick look I didn't mention there's a bit of dollar strength And you have seen the the pound certainly overnight Pushed to this low and worth keeping an eye on this level that we're trading 124 54 in the futures quite a lot of support around this area from Well going back to the 23rd so Friday Thursday Wednesday and Tuesday and also back on the 18th last week as well So quite a lot of support around here. It was all going okay for the pound yesterday Not really too interested in in what was going on and then we had a couple of tweets that well a tweet that came out I'm just going to transition over here. So Alex Barker just tweeting What Michel Barnier's email to EU member states? Work was and he was basically calling Boris's statement rather combative and basically Unnegotiable this was squurts around well, you can have a look at the chart You can guess when it was squorts pretty much scored bang on 430 445 and and or that should maybe a bit before that when we first started coming down before The sort of European clothes and the pound gathered a bit of momentum or the cable gathered a bit of momentum to the downside Euro pound pushed higher and we have seen a really a continuation of that wouldn't necessarily It's all driven from that that headline as such the the dollar did strengthen a touch yesterday And we also saw a big technical break in gold which will come on to in a moment But what does keeping a you know near to the ground on on what Europe's view on Boris Johnson is and are they? Going to go into the negotiating table and are they happy to make changes is Boris going to be able to do so We also had a tweet from Steven Swinford Here if I just transition my my charts again who is just saying that you know Boris is is out and about He's hitting the road and this is what you know Anthony had been mentioning. We were talking about this yesterday You know, he's gonna be heading to these these places up north the You know on Saturday here giving a speech in Laebusy in Northwest He's also going to Birmingham over the weekend. He's going around talking up The the game if you like ahead of what could possibly be his plan of getting that general election in before the 31st Of October it would make sense for him to to do so to get some support to get people to buy into His plan of getting us out by the 31st And to be honest the way you were speaking yesterday in in parliament as well saying we're leaving 31st no deal Or deal You know none of this, you know, this is not what we want. We're gonna do it What better way to to try and get people on side for doing a bit of a tour whether it'll work or not time will tell I think everyone could could agree there's a bit of a laugh watching him have a go at Corbyn yesterday His speech was was quite interesting But just worth keeping an eye on this as well, you know, the more Boris goes round does his popularity grow What's going to be the impact then of a of a general election? You could argue in in the build-up to This general election gathering speed that the pound would come under a bit more pressure Certainly not really looking all too rosy for the conservatives at the moment They even necessarily not necessarily have made any progress over the last few Months when they should have but if this general election was to be called more uncertainty and then it will have the price in You know are the conservatives gonna Take back their mistake from when Theresa May called one back in 2017 If that was to be the case and the conservatives were to come out on top Well, I think you would see a bit of a pound rally and euro pound would come lower You would see euro dollar release appreciate a touch as well As he would have more room on that negotiating table. He could go to europe and go look what i've done I can now deliver this this deal Can get this all passed through and we can go from there So worth keeping an eye on on these couple of things what one what europe is saying about Boris and to This idea of a general election getting called and he would have to call it before the 31st of october And of course as we go into to august next month where you know a lot of a lot of guys are on on recess You know, so you could even be called soon if not maybe You know september, but then it leaves little time for For Boris to go around and really rally rally the troops so to say Going back to to the chart. So yesterday with with gold we had a a technical break And i've been ironing this up for For a while and you can see here just going to put this on to the four hourly chart Going back and i'm just going to move this to the other side of my camera quickly so you can see where it starts Back on the the end of Of may here starting on the 30th We then had another test on the 17th of july and we were really getting squeezed in each one of these days of the last few Weeks and then price finally getting that breakthrough yesterday. We've confirmed that that break below We hit what would have been ideally the first sort of target 14 14 on the futures And now we're back below that trend line if we were to push higher today We'll be very interesting to see what happens Around that point if it was to happen in the next hour or so that would be coming in around 14 26 And we remain obviously some very key resistance up at the top, which we just could not break through So price was really getting squeezed in from both directions You got that breakthrough breaker that trend line could be key going back to gold certainly From a couple of years ago when you do get these big trend line breaks You can see that it really is strong moves and here i'm just going to start this one from December to 2016 we got the break through the 11th of june and what a push down I'm not saying that's going to happen now by any stretch of imagination But just when gold breaks these trend lines you can get obviously quite fast moves And where we close the week will will be important Back to some of the headlines or lesser headlines I should say you had this come out overnight or from yesterday spain's premier But also avoid snap election despite defeat this could have been possibly A bigger story the euro is not biting off it So yesterday Sorry yesterday the bowler to avoid a new general election Which would be the country's fourth in as many years and will work to burn a coalition Which has remained elusive despite two parliamentary votes. It's not enough to really drive price In the euro it was a bit of a risk to be factored in But you can see if we look at price now you would say nothing nothing has happened from that Elsewhere another headline today not necessarily new news But iran test fires medium range ballistic missile Earlier in the week and the us are now aware of it. What could this mean for for oil because it's not really new news I would say business is as usual and let the market tell you what's going on You can see we are getting squeezed in from both directions So on a day like today for for oil I'm just sitting back and waiting for price to either get above the trend line or below and Not necessarily saying we're going to really blast out the gates when that happens on a on a break of it But that's what I would be waiting for really to look us to get above Well at the moment that would be around 56 40 or 56 handle on the dot so Quick look over the markets right as we're trading now before we have a look at the the calendar you can just see Let's put the the gold on here And the pivots you can see a bit of dollar strength Against the pound more so pound weakness you would you would argue as euro pound is back up to its high from yesterday Euro was under a bit of pressure I would still be keeping an eye on 111 70 on the futures Stocks in the u.s. Certainly seem as though those results yesterday from amazon of alphabet have been taken as a positive So a favor for now an upside unless we were to break one of these trends to the downside Which you can see we're not far away from getting that third test just above 30 10 And the pivot so for now favor the upside you're lining the sand for you know the buyers and sellers above where we're trading 30 16 bit of resistance here previously support As you can see similar to oil it might not be the worst idea just to wait for What price does around these two points between 30 10 and the pivot and 30 16 as a whole and like I said with oil Just waiting for price to let you tell you what is is really Going on moving over to the the calendar for the day mentioned at the beginning It's going to be quiet not much coming out a tool of interest Not even any speakers usually after an ecb meeting you will get source comments that come out We did have some overnight ecb policy makers see rate cut as done deal on september Sources you know just trying to make sure the market does understand ahead of september that there's going to be a rate cut So there's no surprises. I mean straight after 1245 is 90 priced in anyway But certainly today just maybe keeping an ear out or keeping your Your your your tweet decks with the The search as ecb sources wouldn't be the worst idea just in case there is any follow-up comments to yesterday's meeting As we drift into the afternoon. It's all about us GDP and really once that's done It could be done for the week to be honest Expected at 1.8 percent. So you can see that would be the the lowest for quite some time for from the us gdp numbers so It would you know down from 3.1 percent And would post its Its first decline in in in a while GDP They're saying it rose one well analysts reckon it's going to rise 1.8 percent on an annualized basis in the second quarter Which would be the slowest since 2017 The GDP report however is is unlikely to make too much difference ahead of the the fed's decision next week However, it could obviously have an impact on future decisions that they're they're going to make And that data detail will help Sort of form their opinion on the central bank's thinking of whether they're going to follow up with additional easing this year So 1.8 expected so off that no real reaction But you can see the range 1.1 to 2.9 is is quite big if it was 1.1 Well, then suddenly You know it's not looking too good and you would see yes stocks come down But then again a better opportunity to buy on the fact that they're going to have to start cutting a bit more You would see dollar weakness from this which i'm sure as donald trump wouldn't mind too much And either way good or bad number trump is is going to be tweeting if it's bad It's going to be well-lipped the fed of of course this we need to We need to be cutting if it's really good You would then talk about how good it is and how much better it could be if the fed weren't Being tight with monetary policy the reason why we're expecting the the 1.8 You guessed it trade so trade is is the reason this has been Expected to to be bad. So 1.8 expected but quite a big range. So something just to factor to in there As well Just quick look over the market one more time to see what's happened following the the decks open and if anything That 35 minute period from from the open Eight o'clock will will tell you What is expected from today's morning session not much probably the quietest open certainly of the week That i've seen from europe so i wouldn't be looking to get into aggressive Really is the market just waits for those us ggp numbers as usual any questions obviously please do let us know If i don't speak to you Throughout the day. Hope you have a great weekend It seems as though the sun has gone for now looking very gloomy here in london But i think that might be a Bit of a refreshing change for people after not being able to sleep for a while I hope you'll have a great weekend and i'll catch you all next week


So if I do a hand segment, make sure you do the same thing that way you'll be able to see it. From right there, aim at that side.


Yes. Okay, and Mike Payson, who I'm also working on this with, is here as well. So yes, we've talked with some of you, and we're, okay, so this is the concept clearance. Okay, so this is actually an extremely simple-minded justification. As Adam had discussed about the reason why we look at exomes or why we look at whole genome sequence, obviously there's a cost issue. But the other reason is we don't know how to interpret variation in non-coding regions, which is a serious issue, but that's really pretty much a simple-minded justification for this whole effort. We have a whole genome. Jeff Schloss's program has been very effective at generating ways of sequencing the whole genome, and as I'll say a little bit later, we know that there's lots of stuff that affects phenotyping disease in the non-coding parts of the genome. So exomes are so 2010. So the question is, we know that many genes and variants are associated with the disease. Which ones are actually causal? And as you know, function is complicated, causation is complicated. We'll talk a little bit about how we're going to sort of get away from the word causal. But the point is, as you well know, and we've seen these things all the time, that you get a region of the genome, and some of you even know how to interpret this sort of diagram, but you get a whole bunch of variants associated with each other, with the disease, and there's clearly something going on there. Something of a genetic variant really is mechanistically... Sorry, pathogenically causally mechanistically related to disease. There's something that's really there that is contributing to the mechanism how disease happens. But they've got a whole bunch of buddies along for the ride. And it's very... I mean, LD does exist. It's very non-trivial to figure out, okay, there is a region, there's something real in there. Of a whole bunch of variants in those regions, which is the variant or variants, it's really, really causing the phenotypic effect. So we know about the genetic code. Coding regions have the genetic code, so we understand much as it's... There can be a lot of oversimplifications here, but it's a good place to start that you know what's synonymous, non-synonymous, and stop codon variants. So in the coding regions, we have some good information that helps us interpret it. In the exon, it's about 1.5% of the genome. If you only focus on the exonic regions, it's like looking under the lamp posts for your keys. We know that non-toding DNA variants affect human diseases.  We know they affect drug use, response to drugs. The GWAS catalog is full of these associations, 90% of so, which are not in exons. We know that both the GWAS and if you look at scans of the genome for natural selection, that a lot of these annotation signatures are outside of protein coding regions. So there's a lot of the genome that clearly has functional effects that's not in exonic regions. Lots of interesting things that these sequence does. So that we're getting to the concept interpreting variation in human non-coding genomic regions using computational approaches with experimental validation. So what we're trying to do... We're actually trying to address the really hardest questions here. As you know, as I said, function is complicated. There's sort of easier function and harder function. The easier function is things like looking for transcription factor binding sites. That's not trivial. That's an encode type project where you go through the genome and you look for these elements. The question is, though, which of these elements actually affect organismal function? Just as many variants probably have zero effect on function. Adam likes the metaphor of a perfectly functioning door that goes nowhere. It can work at the molecular level, but really not make a difference at the organismal level. And so figuring out which variants actually cause organismal effect is a hard problem. And so we thought it would be worthwhile to stimulate research in this area. Which is to say, we still need all those molecular studies. Those are hugely important. But we thought we would focus on the harder problem. And so the other thing, of course, is that computational approaches... There's a huge data set base that's needed here. It would be great to get a lot more of these data, but that's a separate discussion. There certainly are data sets that already exist that can be used. So we want computational approaches highly innovative to identify or narrow the set of potential variants. Causality is a very hard problem, so we're not... Especially we're trying to stimulate this area with the validation, the experimental validation. We're not trying to have groups absolutely prove that this variant causes that disease. But we want to narrow the set of variants to ones that are potentially contained, the causal variant. So I'm confused. Then what do you mean by experimental validation if it's not to show that the variant causes the phenotype of interest? Well, there's show... So first off, we're talking about computational approaches, so computational predictions. But then we want to have some ground truth with experimental validation. There's a whole range of validation from low throughput, gold-plated validation that really does show that that variant causes that disease, but that's very expensive. To the extent there are ways of doing experimental validation that maybe don't show-show completely, but give you an indication that narrow the set of variants, that seems to be okay. Or we're proposing that that would be okay. Just be careful with the language you're using. The experimental validation that shows a variant causes the disease. The association is just a probability that's associated with the disease. Absolutely. I can't believe that you'd have an experimental validation that would prove it was causative. You might prove that it changed the expression of that gene or something else, but the idea that you could make a direct correlation to disease is not that simple. Oh, absolutely. And so that's exactly gets to Jill's question that at the highest levels these are associations. Then when one is doing something else experimentally, there certainly are cases where the pathway has been worked on. So you start with associations. You narrow down a set of variants. You then do experimental work, clinical work, and you think, or you more or less prove, that that variant causes the phenotypic effect. It's not based on just a whole bunch of associations. So absolutely, we're trying to move beyond GWAS associations. We're trying to get to that middle ground where it's more than just associations, and yet it's not one variant, one huge research project. Because we want to eventually be able to use these methods to at least narrow down the set of variants that then can have experimental studies can be studied in much more detail. Does that help? I think the phrase experimental validation was also left intentionally open in hopes and part of stimulating good ideas in that area. And as written, it could go as far as what you described as the gold-plated experiment where we mean gold standard experiment or gold-plated? Well, if it's a mouse, it's gold-plated as well. No, I'm just saying that that's the problem with the true recreation where you generate, you know, this was recently published, for example, for the coding region variant in the EDAR gene, one of the areas that shows strong signature of selection in Asian populations. This specific human amino acid variant that shows one of the strong associations was recreated in the mouse, an expensive experiment because it was a knock-in that at the very same residue in the endogenous gene made the switch. And they verified a whole series of animal phenotypes that were generated by that single amino acid change. Now, that's a very expensive whole animal experiment. You're not going to be able to do very many of them if you try to do that for all of the interesting things that have come from GWAS. And there may be a variety of situations where you could have cell culture models of phenotypes that are in vitro surrogates of things that you would like to be able to score in a whole animal. So there's a range of possibilities that I think vary in how expensive they are per variant, how whole animal-like they are, and how surrogate-ly they are. And all of those could be put together or proposed by investigators in what will then be looked at to see what's the most compelling combination of prediction and some sort of experimental test of whether the predictions are finding things that have functional effects. Lisa? Sorry. Yeah, I was going to ask, this is a really important point because I think this could be the poster child for what Jim said and David reiterated about the loop of trying to connect back to the biology of the disease through back to domains one and two. But it depends on what percentage of the effort goes into that. Some of it may be very high throughput, but there might be good reason to do a significant number of those and significant is the question related to budget of those gold-plated gold standard where it's warranted. So have you, is there a in the concept clearance? I didn't see a kind of ratio of effort on the computational versus the validation? Yes. Well, we initially had suggested one, but the small group of council members we'd initially consulted about this said, don't put in a specific limit. It really depends on the expense of the method. And so that, so there's no limit there. I mean, what you're talking about in a sense is validating the validation method that if you have some gold standard methods that can validate that your bronze standard methods actually work well, then that becomes you have sort of a few very expensive assays that will validate a larger number of less expensive. They may not be so expensive, you know, as mentioned by Eric, Cas9, CRISPR technology may be able to do very rapidly create mice that have, you know, both alleles replaced in, you know, Rudy Anish had a beautiful paper just demonstrating that. Exactly. If that sort of proposal came in as an innovative way to be able to test function, I think that would do great in this sort of RFA. Yeah. Yeah, I mean, I think what you want to get across, right, is that you want the community to kind of hit the sweet spot, that you can't set the bar so high, but talking about experimental support or diagonal types of support or validation seems to me to be what will provide the most coherent message. The other thing I would just throw in there is I'm very much in support of looking at the non-coding regions, if for no other reason than the fact that so many important things seem to land in there, but I think it's very important to remember that we still are clueless as far as interpreting most variants in the coding regions too. Yeah. The quality issue is completely true for coding as well as non-coding. Yeah. You have the genetic code and that's a help for a minority of changes, but it by no means gets us out of the woods. So I don't want people thinking that NHGRI thinks that we've solved that problem and now we're on to the next one. Absolutely. And actually we say, somewhere in here, okay, focus on non-coding variants for the reasons we discussed, but I mean if some method gets you a region and there's some coding variants in there, that's fine. And many of the techniques will work regardless of whether they're in coding or not. And that's completely fine. You don't want people to forget that as they write these and think about this. That's right. So what we're not looking for are sort of improvements to ways of inferring because of a non-sononomous change. Expression and functional right. Right. Non-sononomous change, you know, affects protein structure this way and therefore it's more likely to be causal or something like that. So that's a real focus on coding variants, but as you said, you know, there are certainly methods that are agnostic to codiness or not and those are completely acceptable. Do you want to? Yeah. To follow up on what Jim's saying, one thing we would like is that people are going to follow up protein coding variants that they should do it in an agnostic way. Some of the more interesting examples of non-coding variants were found because they were initially coding variants and upon further study it turned out there were tag snips for a nearby non-coding variant. Okay. So which variants potentially affect organismal function? Sometimes this will show how the effect is brought about or the genetic architecture if you have things like gene-gene or gene-environment interaction. So we expect applications will include the computational approaches as well as the experimental validation of these approaches. We're not looking for large-scale production of functional data aside from the validation data and we're not looking for things simply like databases or just aggregation of information on variants. There's a lot of data sets that are available to use. So the initiative focus is on genome-wide interpretation rather than somebody saying I have a very interesting region and I really want to study the variants in that region. What we're looking for is approaches that can be applied to a lot of data sets so that you start with the entire genome, such as GWAS. GWAS starts with the entire genome based on association, comes down to particular regions, but it's not saying I just want a priori look at a particular region. It doesn't have to be GWAS, something like genome scans. Can also start with the whole genome and find regions. So I would suggest I'm wondering if you could add to this concept the idea of having a coordinating center whose job it will be to run a contest where you would provide variants to groups that say they've developed a method and then have them all analyze those variants and see how they do. Sort of similar to what Brenner does with KG. Yeah, I was just thinking of KG. That's interesting. Let me get to one more. But then don't you need a gold standard to judge them? You would ask the coordinating center to try to develop such a gold standard, but it would have to be something that's not in the public domain so that they couldn't cheat. Exactly. That's an interesting idea. It's quite related to this. I'll also point out the focus, even though we want them to start with the whole genome and go down, different classes of variants may have different properties so that CNVs, say, or transcription factor binding sites or CPG islands, the signals of which variants are actually contributing to the organismal phenotype may differ according to the class of variant. So we're not trying to say you have to. Again, this is very hard and it's kind of early days, so we're not saying here's a genome, give me all functional variants. So Lisa, would you say that kind of the driving idea behind this is to sort of flesh out the best computational methods that are out there, somebody who might be saying, well, I've got this theory that knowing something about the network structure would really help me predict which enhancers will be really important. And so I'm going to make some predictions and then I think I can test that using this cellular phenotype and I'll read it out and see. And so I viewed it as that way, right? Sort of saying, okay, and then you would want to fund sort of a portfolio of maybe a couple of network approaches, maybe somebody who says, what I really think is important is to take all the encode data and put it through some prediction algorithm that's actually totally agnostic. It uses machine learning or something to make predictions. And then I'll run that through and see how well that does. What's the training system? Well, I mean, no, but you could imagine that a series of different approaches will be put forth and then by having all these folks liais with one another, you'd get some best practices and maybe they'd be even sharing some of their gold data standard, for example. I don't know, but it seems to me that that was sort of the... Or did I get that wrong? Yeah, no, that's a very good description. And of course, the reviewers will like to see some evidence that a method being proposed can actually work and I'll get to that issue towards the end. We also figure that these groups will be meeting like once a year exactly to exchange ideas and possibly validation data sets and approaches. Okay, and we want the methods to generalize beyond the specific data sets and diseases studied. So basically, the idea is that you start with the whole genome and go through a series of approaches. And this is just kind of a very straightforward, simple-minded example where you have a whole genome, you do GWAS, you come down to regions, then you look at, say, transcription and cell types related to the disease and it gets you down to certain ones and then you use ENCODE and regulation and pathway and other data sets to get to a smaller set of variants. Other examples are things like, you know, instead of starting with GWAS, you can start with the genome scan of natural selection, chromatin... You know, there's an example where chromatin structure, you have an indel that affects what's the open chromatin structure there. And so we already know examples where that... Where those indels actually change the chromatin structure and therefore affect whether, like, persistence of fetal hemoglobin or for thalassemias. So there are examples like that, you know, a very simple-minded thing is promoter binding, knowing which variants actually affect the promoter, can help you interpret the variants, epigenomic variability, so the variability itself gives you a clue as to importance. So there's a set of types of things and we certainly hope the applicants will be quite imaginative and come up with good methods for the computational approach, for the validation methods. You know, there's a range of types of validation as we discussed. They can use model organism data. The concept clearance says that we encourage innovation in methods for validation. I mean, what Joakar was saying about CRISPR methods are those sorts of zinc finger, you know, very specific things, maybe very nice validation and maybe not too expensive. That would be terrific. Okay, there are some other initiatives. NIGMS had an RFA that was related to figuring out everything you can about function of variants, both experimental and computational, and they included things like databases. So they made about eight awards or so, only one or two of which are kind of related to this at all. So they haven't solved the problem. Other institutes, including arts, are doing somewhat, developing some data sets, experimental data sets for functional methods that are experimental. So those will be good data sets to use. So the timeline we're talking about, we're talking about two rounds here and we actually think this is quite important. It's sort of partly getting at Carlos's point. So receipt dates in January 14 and January 15. So if receipt dates, so anybody who's kind of ready to go can put in an application. But because this is difficult, because there's a lot of moving parts here, that they have to have the computational approaches, they have to have the experimental approaches. It'd be really nice if they had some preliminary data showing that their computational approaches actually work a bit. By having a second receipt date a year later, we give some confidence for groups to actually put the work to put together the experimental and the computational side. And so we think having two rounds kind of defined ahead of time will actually help stimulate the field. It'll actually put together collaborations. Those groups will have a chance to get some preliminary data and put in good applications. Because of the experimental side, especially, we think these are reasonably large grants that we really want to, especially, again, this is a very difficult topic. We really want to have the validation in there, so it's not just association-based. So we figure 500K direct cost per year make about five to six in each round. OK, so actually, we're hoping we'll be able to start interpreting the non-coding part of the genome. So any other comments? Mike, did you want to say anything more? Any other comments on this? Yeah, first of all, thank you for this very thorough and clear presentation. And I'm very excited about this concept. Clarence is clearly a high priority area. It's clearly one that really generates a lot of excitement.  And Carlos even started designing the proposal right there. I mean, it's that good. It is so important. It's really exciting. And I'm glad that we're, well, I really encourage moving this forward to an RFA as the way that you've got it set up. Some of the, this issue about, so it's the experimental tests are vitally important, and they're going to be part of it. I hope you can come up with a shorter title that will still convey that. But using the term validation is tricky. And it does have specific meanings to do a lot of people. To me, it means that you're going to take a conclusion that you've inferred from one set of data or one technology, and you're going to test it with an orthogonal technology. That's really validation. And given, and this is back to Anthony's point, given that the initial idea is that something in a region is associated with and potentially causative of a disease, then validation has a very high mark there. But there are other ways to define this. I can get a lot of mileage out of just experimental tests. I mean, it's a broader term. Or support. And the idea is to. Yeah, OK. That's the key. That sounds good, Jim. It's not all computational. It's great that it's computational, because it has to be genome-wide. And they also emphasize something that you did point out. Well, further, we can see the epigenetic signals giving us strong information. But there are lots of them. There's actually many, many variables to bring in. And that's another thing I'm very excited about, because nobody knows how best to do this. We all kind of have a little intuition about how to go about it. And many people are already active in it. But we don't really know what the best way is. It has to be computational. It has to go genome-wide. But computation and the absence of experimental feedback is of limited use. So I think this could really work well. I also like the fact that you, this is set up. I think it's set up to not over-engineer, not over-design the RFA. And to do, I think, was it, Carlos, you said, let the best of the community, the community's best ideas really come to bear. So I think it's great. I also really like the two rounds. Two rounds, because not everybody's ready for prime time on this. But there's so much excitement. Give people a chance. Give many people a chance to try. We just wish there was more money to put into it. On that, I agree with that. And I'd be even content with plausibility. Biologic plausibility is something. No, even if you said you're far too long. Well, no, but I mean, that's how far off we are. So just some form of words that make it clear is that we don't need to, we want to be towards an understanding. Right. The actual RFA, of course, can have a discussion of this. So take your point that validation may be too strong. Plausibility may be too weak. Support might be in the middle. But there will be a discussion of it. So hopefully people will kind of understand what we're going for. Any other comments, discussion? So if there are no other comments, we take a vote on concept clearance matters. Can we just have this friendly amendment about support versus validation? Yeah, sure. Would one of you like to state the amendment so that we have clarity? Just to change title from experimental validation to experimental support. Yes. We can go with that. All right. So can I motion to accept? Thank you. And a second. All in favor? Any opposed? Thank you. OK, thank you. Good discussion.


I'm Emmy here again and welcome to another episode of Cobb U. In our first episode, we began with an overview of how your car works, by quickly going over the individual systems needed to make it work. So now let's dive deeper into each of those systems, beginning with the intake. An upgraded air intake is one of the first modifications on many enthusiast lists as soon as they get their car. There are a few reasons for this. Easy installation, even if you're not a master technician, you can follow along with our detailed instructions to properly install your intake system in no time and with minimal tools. Performance. Sometimes this gets blown out of proportion. Gain up to 45 horsepower, 92 foot-bounds of torque, no tuning required. Good luck with that. Exaggeration aside, some cars respond better to modified intakes than others. And in most cases, you should see some power gains. Last, but certainly not least, sound. An upgraded intake not only looks better than the stock one, but sounds better too. And personally, there's nothing sexier than hearing the sound of a turbo spool up. When we talk about an upgraded intake, it could be something as simple as a freer flowing drop-in filter. Or it's a complete metamorphosis to accommodate an upgraded turbo. What it isn't is something that looks like it was sourced from your local home improvement store. So let's talk about all the components of an intakes. We have a better idea of what we're working with. For this demonstration, we're going to use components from a Subaru WRX STI. So your setup might look different. Here we have a stock Subaru intake and air box with original filter. An upgraded drop-in panel filter that works with the stock air box and the Cobb SF intake and air box for the same vehicle. Taking a closer look at the stock intake, there's this snorkel here. And overall, this thing is heavy. It's bulky. It's the job done, but there's definitely room for improvement. Let's pop open the air box and take a look at the filter element. Swapping out your stock filter is going to be the first and easiest upgrade you can make because a drop-in high flow filter allows more air to pass through than the stock one without replacing any other parts. You just drop it in, retune the ECU if needed, and you're good to go. It's a great upgrade for someone who wants to keep their stock air box but wants something a step above stock. When you're ready to kick it up a few notches, you can replace the entire intake and air box. You may have noticed that some things have stayed similar while others have changed. You can see we still have a box to shield our intake from the heat of the engine bay, but the panel filter has been upgraded to a high flow cone filter. The filter is then connected to a MAF sensor housing. And finally, there's a silicone post MAF hose, which is much smoother internally than the stock plastic part. This will make for less turbulent airflow. Taking a step back, not only can we see that we've reduced quite a bit of weight and bulkiness from just this one component, but it looks a lot better too. Now that we know how an upgraded air intake goes together, how does it all work? First, air enters through the filter and into the MAF housing to be read by the MAF sensor. The MAF housing is designed to control airflow with these straighteners as it enters the intake and passes through a sensor that sits right here. We want to control airflow as much as possible so that the sensor gets the most accurate and consistent readings. And since we've mentioned MAF a few times now, it's the perfect time to explain that MAF stands for Mass Air Flow. Simply put, this sensor measures the amount of air flowing past it as well as the temperature in order to adapt to various climates. This sensor and its location are very important because the reading it provides to the ECU dictates several vital functions that have a direct impact on the performance of the engine. Things like the amount of fuel needed for complete combustion, load calculation, ignition timing, and other key factors. That's why this just isn't going to cut it. Finishing up our intake, once the air is measured by the MAF sensor, it makes its way through the post MAF hose and continues on its journey to the turbo inlet hose and then the turbo, which we'll cover in our next video. Lastly, when doing this type of part install, you will generally use these kinds of tools. Allen wrenches or hex sockets, ratchets and sockets, opened end wrenches, screwdrivers, dykes for cutting, and silicone spray. And now it's time for the pro tip of the day. Let's talk filter maintenance.  And as a result, you're going to get a little loss in performance. So you're going to want to routinely clean and re-oil it. Now, your mileage interval is going to depend on how dusty it is where you're located. But we typically recommend that you do this every 10 to 15,000 miles. To clean your filter, first make sure you knock loose any debris that may have accumulated since the last time you cleaned it. Next, douse the filter in our cleaning solution, spraying from the outside in, and let it set for about 20 minutes. Once you've done that, rinse the filter with water from the inside out, and then let it air dry. An important note, do not use forced heat or air to speed up the drying process. Doing that can damage it. Just take it outside, let nature do its thing. Once that's dry, it's time to re-oil the filter. Take your air filter oil and lightly spray around the outside surface, about one spray every two square inches. Now, you want to be careful here to not apply too much oil to the filter. If you apply too much oil, some of it could get on the map sensor itself throwing off its readings, and can cause some significant problems. No, but seriously, don't over-oil your filter. It's the opposite of a haircut. You can always add a little more, but if you do too much, you're going to have to start all over. One round of oil will do the trick. One thing you might want to consider is having a backup filter on hand. That way, when your one filter gets dirty, you just pop in the other one, and sometime between the next 10 to 15,000 miles, you clean the dirty one. This way, your car has less downtime. It's the best tag team since the deadly boys. Before we finish, one last bit of important information to always keep in mind. As you're changing the size and shape of the intake housing and where sensors are being placed, you need to make sure that the ECU is being reflashed with the appropriate calibration to ensure that your engine will run safely. You need to always adjust for these changes. If you don't, best case scenario, your engine might run a little rough. Worst case scenario, it might run so lean that it turns your pistons into donuts. But don't worry, if you're having doubts about what calibration you should be running, check the map notes that are included in all of our off-the-shelf maps, or contact your local Cobb ProTuner. That's gonna do it for this episode. In our next video, we'll explore the turbo, its components, and how Boost is managed. Thanks for joining us, and be sure to subscribe to our YouTube channel so you can check out future episodes. I'm Emmy, your host for CobbU. Remember to check out CobbTuning.com for all your parts and tuning needs. Do you like the storage solutions featured in our studio? Then visit sonictoolsusa.com to get more detailed product information.


Hi, this is Jack Lipton, and today I'm inaugurating the Critical Minerals Institute Report. And our first guest is going to be Mr. Ian London, who is the Executive Director of the CQMQA. And Ian, could you please tell us what CQMQA is first? Thank you. Good to see you, Jack. Thanks for the invitation, and I knew you were going to do this for me. CQMQA, the Canadian Critical Minerals and Materials Alliance. It is a group of a dozen plus companies and organizations, not just corporate entities, but commercial laboratories, and others, and a number of affiliates who have been active in the critical minerals and materials space, and we'll get into that dialogue shortly. International organizations and do a lot of work with our friends at the federal government and provincial government in helping Canada move this tremendous opportunity forward. Ian, can you give us a brief CV of your own background and how you came to this position? There's an interesting one. I'm actually a metallurgist by degree, I've never really practiced, got involved in my early career as a mechanical engineer, primarily and spent most of my career in the power sector, which also plays an important role in the critical materials today, and then got involved after a long career in the power sector and the international, and Ontario Hydro International, so we've worked in 80 countries, moved into the industrial supply chain sector, and that's components that build turbine, gas turbines, these are nuts, bold screws and other machine engineered components, machines, etc. So I've got a clear sense of how supply chains work, and about 15 years ago when you and I first met Jack, got involved in the critical materials space, then known as rare earth, or everything was captured by rare earth, it could have been battery materials, it could have been anything, if it was unique and appeared on a periodic table, it fell under the banner of rare earth. That of course has since expanded or been realized, there are several supply chains under critical materials, it's not just rare earth, there are battery materials, there are light weighting materials, there are electronics material chains. Okay, and based on your experience, your extensive experience and background, I really just have one question for you today. What do you see as a future for Canada in the production and processing and end use of critical minerals and materials? I think Canada has tremendous opportunities and is starting to, or finally, moving the agenda forward. Canada is in a rather unique position. We're primarily, we have had a long tradition of mining and metallurgy, oil and gas in the resource sector, forestry. Canada has a strong background in that, but it also has tremendous metallurgical capabilities. Had the steel industries, nickel, copper, Canadians, as a matter of fact, most mining projects around the world are actually financed through the venture exchange or the Toronto Stock Exchange, so a strong history in the mining and metallurgical aspects. Canada also enjoys strong industrial background, the automotive industry, you know, with our American friend south of the border. We get into telecom, the bell, bell northern, these are all Canadian organizations and have a strong industrial and manufacturing base, Bombardier and aircraft, just to name a couple. It also has strong trade relationships. One thing Australian has, etc., is strong trading relationship with the US, the Europeans, you know, and the Far East. So if you bring all those together, and if you look at the transition for climate, new technologies and all that, it's all going to be based on collaboration and filling and supply chain, so Canada is perfectly situated to do that. But it has to be more than, shall we say aspirational competitive markets are challenging nowadays, and Canada needs to, shall we say, up its gain. Potential is there, yes are our challenges as any new industries and emerging sectors will have, but Canada is clearly in the right spot to do this. That's very concise, thank you. I'm interested in your opinion on the difference in outlook and capabilities of Canada and Australia and the US. Can you apply to that for a moment in critical minerals and materials? Yeah, well, I have to admire some of the Australians have become very aggressive and progressive on the critical material front, critical minerals front. They're primarily a mining nation. Yeah, has some industrial base, but they're primarily mining miners and financiers of mining type operations and now front end processing. They have been quite aggressive on the rarer side with the great success of Linus, you know, they actually got into the separation more downstream processing, but primarily in the mineral side of the equation. As part of the C2M2A, I mentioned minerals and materials. At the end of the day, auto manufacturers don't buy minerals. They buy lightweighted frames. They buy electronics. They buy completed batteries. They don't buy lithium. They may want to secure lithium supply, but they buy batteries because they're assembly plants and they bring in, you know, what's the biggest hold up nowadays or was over the last while on the automotive sector, wasn't critical minerals. They need semiconductors manufactured elsewhere. Even if we had the raw materials or have we do have the raw material supply to them, you've got to put them in a form that could be integrated into an industrial base. Canada has an industrial base. It's in the oil gas business. It's in the manufacturing business that builds aircrafts. It has steel mills that has large aluminum manufacturers. Well, if you can produce aluminum and you have critical materials such as mineral such as some of the rare earths, we've now developed a number of lightweighted materials which would take the weight off an automotive automobile, improve its electronics and lightweight it through aluminum, you know, Scandium type alloys. Lots of potential. So Australia I see as, well, and we have great relationships and working relationship from a C2M2A perspective with our Australian friends and on the international front of them, but they're primarily miners, front-end metallurgists. Canada has the resources. We'll get into them. They have some large producers already. But has the manufacturing base and the industrial base and the trade relationships with the automotive as you see battery plants being announced and where they being announced right around the automotive industry. We've got to connect anodes, cathodes, lithium supply into it. Agreed. The Australian seem to be a little more aggressive on the mineral side. One last question to wrap up your Nostradamus version of yourself. It looks to me like the immediate demand for all of these materials outside of China is Europe. And what's your position on where Europe is going to source its materials and its maybe processing and even manufacturing of components. And in particular Europe nowadays with the challenges it has on energy supply, etc. The Europeans, the transfer of Germany was just in Canada a week, two ago, etc. And was quite clear. Looking at, as they say for a raw material supplies, I'm not crazy about the announcement in that regard, would like raw material supply so they can process it. And I understand you want the value added jobs. I don't think Canada should give them up as quickly. One of the key elements for our European friends where Canada is well positioned, and that's on ESG sustainability environmental governance and sustainability kind of measures and values. Because at the end of the day, their end components, the Volvos, the, the Volkswagen, the Mercedes are going to be producing products, which would need to be sustainable as part of their value system. And Canada is a great position to do that. Many of its companies are already moving forward through the Mining Association of Canada towards sustainable mining have reporting mechanisms, which are now adopted in 1012 countries. Canada with our Australian friends are actually leading some of the effort at the international standards organization on standards around critical materials. So, Europe will drive it at the end of the day. They're big consumers. They also have the end product manufacturing were Canada, you were automotive assemblers, etc. But they're the next generation, strongly committed to clean power environmentally or ESG reporting quality product which can be an Australian friends can produce. The Americans are coming along, not discounting them they are. They're still be a little behind my sense, not as aggressive, they have big dollars behind it. Canada is committed to it still a bit aspirational, and on the mineral side the Australian friends are moving forward quite aggressively. I'm going to, I'm going to let you off the hook right now. And thank you for being our initial guest on this series. And we're going to have you back sometime in the near future to see how many, if any, of your predictions and for agnostications come true. Thank you very much. Well thank you for your time Jack and good to see you again.


This episode brought to you by noble gold make sure to check out this brand-new free offer for my viewers now I'm pretty sure we all know that inflation is killing our retirements dead the real rate of inflation Well, it just won't let you keep up or make a profit You need a different approach precious metals not Robin Hood or stocks that can crash and leave you losing money an IRA Or a 401k with noble gold is the answer and this month noble gold is gifting a genuine rare Carson City minted Morgan Silver dollar with every qualifying IRA or 401k You can find out more by clicking the link in the description or pin comment or by just going to noblegoldenvestments.com Make sure to tell them drone tech politics sent you, you know, we keep talking about Europe. Why don't we talk about Michigan? Cases are up 82% in the last two weeks 13 days ago. They ease restrictions Even with the case jump restaurants bars theaters gyms and more adjusted for population They have the most confirmed cases of the UK variant and look again I'm calling it the UK variant because that's where we believe the origin is. I'm not blaming the UK for it Okay, this is a very different play than Trump made by calling something the China comes from China And look again, I'm calling it the UK variant Because that's where we believe the origin is as someone who's been a media watchdog going back to the George W. Bush Administration, I can tell you that the media's insistence that they're not hypocrites because it's different when they do it is the only Consistent standard that they have welcome back everyone This is drone tech politics and if you enjoy this content show your support by hitting that like button Subscribing and as we all know you got to hit that bell icon if you want any hope at all of getting notifications back to Cuomo He claims he's not a wasis for calling the coronavirus variant the UK variant along with the rest of the media And this shouldn't surprise anyone really because as we all know they've convinced themselves that it's impossible to be wasis To the people of no color. Don't forget. It was Chris Cuomo's corrupt over stuff brought was brother Andrew Cuomo That insisted on calling it the European virus Which was never once called wasis by the usual suspects and we all know why Chris Cuomo claims that it's different when He calls it the UK variant because he's not blaming the UK Suggesting that when Trump or anyone else called it the virus they were doing so to blame China first of all that's utter revisionist history any time that Trump called it the Virus he always followed it up by saying it comes from China Yeah, somehow when Chris Cuomo or some other member of the media says that the variant comes from the UK That's different because it's different when they do it It's also worth pointing out in that classic exchange between Trump and who I think is Ouija Jiang Where she trots out the completely baseless claim that Asian Americans have been targeted due to calling it the Virus they also want people thinking that these attacks on Asian Americans are being done by Trump supporters of no color There's actually zero proof of that They just keep repeating it over and over to burn it into the minds of every American when in fact the majority of these Attacks are being committed by people of color and Democrat run cities in regards to blaming the China label for attacks on Asian Americans Why don't they just blame any criticism of China for attacks on Asian Americans? Mark my words because that's coming But it does show their inconsistency and the fact that all of this is for political expediency and by the way when it does come to Blaming for the coronavirus there are actually many legitimate reasons to do so China withheld crucial information from the World Health Organization As late as January 14th claiming no human-to-human spread if they hadn't done that it's very possible We could have contained it better so not only did it come from China and by the way We actually have confirmation from none other than CNN just five days ago as we mark one year of the coronavirus Pandemic in this country questions remain over the origin of the virus a new book reveals warnings from us diplomats of risky experiments at a Wuhan lab in 2018 even the Biden administration has said that they have deep concerns about the WHO Investigation that went to Wuhan Because of some conflicts of interest among the staff, but also because the Chinese government refused to put forth The data that they would really need to figure it out Which means that we still don't know how the virus originated and that's not just a issue of blame That's an issue of tracing the origin in order to prevent the next Pandemic which the Biden administration is actually not disputing some of the Trump administration's claims about this very lab Namely that the researchers there got sick in November 2017 with COVID-like symptoms and that they were involved in some Undisclosed research. All right folks. That's all for this one Please hit that like button share and subscribe if you'd like to support this channel You can find all those links in the description or pin comment. Thanks for watching. Have a great weekend


It's The Cube. Here is your host, Jeff Crick. Hi, Jeff Crick here with The Cube. We are on the ground at San Jose Convention Center at the very first ever Open Power Summit. It's a brand new show with a relatively new organization, the Open Power Foundation, and we're joined with one of the founders, founding members from Google, Gordon McKean, senior director from Google, but more importantly, the chairman of Open Power. So congratulations on this big event. Thank you very much, Jeff. I really appreciate you taking the time to talk to me. Yeah, absolutely. So, let's jump into it. What is Open Power and why is the Open Power Summit important? Well, Open Power Foundation is an organization we started about a year and a half ago officially back in December of 2013. We started with only five members and we've actually grown the organization into about 113 members now. We've got a number of members from across the ecosystem that make up the hyper scale computing industry. So we've got everyone from chip providers with IBM and Sujo Power Core all the way out to the end customers like Rockspace, Google and end consumers. So it's really covering the whole space and what we set out to do was actually attack what we saw which was a growing trend that we were seeing a decrease in the performance value of servers over time. We just weren't seeing the effects of Moore's Law really having that impact on the price performance of a server. And so we thought by bringing this community together we could actually try and combat that trend by actually optimizing the system bottlenecks out. So let's back up a bit and talk about the power and Open Power is the power IBM microprocessor architecture, correct? So it actually did start with that. IBM, we needed to build this around a processor. That's right. And so we actually built this around the power architecture. IBM was good enough to, they had the foresight to actually open up their roadmap, open up the interfaces and start to actually put features into the interfaces that allowed the partner companies to actually build in tighter integration so we can eliminate those system bottlenecks. So as I was going to say, do you see Open Power Foundation as more of kind of a classic kind of open source project? Probably not because it didn't start organically or more kind of like a consortium. Like you see GE trying to put together right now around the Internet of Things. I'd say it's, I'd say it is more of a traditional open organization, but it does have a business focus. We have, we have, everyone in our group is interested in furthering their business. I think everyone in all open organizations are doing that. We've got a business we want to move forward. I think the, I think it's open in the sense that the standards are all open, the work products that people are building out of this are all being shared with the other member companies and there are no, there are no restrictions to the member companies having access to this. Yeah. So it's interesting, right? Because power has been around for a very long time, the power line of microprocessors. So why do you think, and I know you can't speak for Intel, but just from your point of view being on the group, why would they start to open up parts of that if they opened up a lot of it, a little of it? Is it really interfaces? What's the open part of, of open power? Well, from right now they've actually allowed people to start designing with the chips. So they've, the specs for designing a system around a Power 8 processor is the first thing that they opened up. So we had a reference board from Tyanne. They were able to build that. I think it's the first third-party reference system board that's come out with an IBM chip in a while and we've got, now we've got, with this show you can actually see a large number of system boards and systems that have been, that have been showcased at this show. Yeah. And you said that's new. That was not possible before. Not something you were doing before. And we've also got them opening up the interfaces. So they've developed something called CAPI, which is a high, high-performance interconnect for peripherals that actually allows the IO devices, your networking card, Melanox has their new networking card, that actually can take advantage of this high-speed interconnect and this high-performance interconnect that allows the IO card to actually participate in, highly integrated with the processor and with the processor's memory system. Right. That pesky moving of data to the core and back and forth, right? It's kind of good in and out. It never goes away. That's right. So talk a little bit about open source, right? Open source has been around a long time in software and we're seeing more and more kind of trends in hardware. Just at the Open Compute project last week, we'll be at OpenStack Summit, we'll be at Open Networking Summit and it's interesting how people are trying to apply or are applying kind of open source principles of innovation and getting the word out now to hardware. So how is that really working? In all cases, it works. What you're doing is you're bringing together a large community of people who want to see something move forward and with Open Compute and with that initiative, what you see is more parallel activities that can go forward when you've got a large membership like that. We're seeing the same thing with OpenPower. This broad cross-section, very diverse partners with very specific expertise, you can actually make a lot better progress and make a lot more progress when you've got this kind of membership. That's what the Open Community fosters. Yeah, it's amazing how the innovation that's driven from outside of your four walls in an open situation is really fantastic. So we're getting the hook. Last question, you're from Google, why is this important to Google? Google's involved in a lot of open initiatives. Any time we see something that can advance the industry, we want to be engaged with that and that's a big part of what OpenPower is about. Great. Well again, congratulations. You've been at it for a while. The Foundation's been at it for a while, but this is still the first summit, right? Yes, it is. We'll get that on the t-shirt and the bag and all the other fun stuff that comes with the show. Thank you for coming out. All right, Gary, thanks a lot. So I'm Jeff Rick. We're at the OpenPower Summit, the very first one in San Jose, California, and you're watching theCUBE.


Hello everybody, HoodieCobraCommander788 here, and this is to announce another Patron's Choice Review. If you want to vote on the next Patron's Choice Review, all you have to do is go to Patreon and sign up there to get a vote. There will be three action figures to choose from, and whichever one gets the most vote will be reviewed on November 12th. Let's look at the options. Option number one is Backblast, the anti-aircraft soldier from 1989. I do have all of his accessories. His accessories can be somewhat cumbersome, and that's something we may have to talk about in a review if Backblast wins the vote. Now, we spent some time in the 90s, so I definitely want to stay in the 80s. This is the late 80s though, but this is a popular figure, and I would be very happy to review Backblast if he wins. Option number two is Targat, also from 1989. It's been a while since we've looked at the Iron Grenadiers, so it might be nice to get back to looking at Destro's troops. This is also a popular figure, and it's been requested many times, so maybe this is the opportunity to finally get to that review of Targat. For option number three, I try to give you an opportunity to have a remake of an older review. So for option number three, it is Duke Version 1. Now, I have already reviewed this figure. It was a long time ago, so that might be an opportunity to kind of give an update to that review. I do it in the style that I do the videos now, so I don't know if you want a new review of Duke, but if you do, this is the chance. We've looked at Duke quite a lot in recent weeks, so maybe we should continue the trend. There is a lot to say about the figure and the character. There are the three options, and patrons will choose which one of these will be reviewed on November 14th. Voting starts now on Patreon, and will continue through the end of the day Friday. Whichever one gets the most votes wins, and if there's a tie, I will break the tie. Thank you for watching. Thank you for voting. I look forward to seeing which one you choose. We will find out on November 12th. I'll see you then.


I moved to the United States on October 4th, the year 2000. It wasn't the best times in Uruguay, so my parents wanted to have a better life, have more opportunities in the United States. I was only seven years old at the time, so they wanted a better future for me. Funny story, when we moved here, I didn't know we were moving, so they told me afterwards, when we were here, when they told me how to start going to school. So that's when I realized this was my new home. Well, when they told me, obviously, I was seven, so I didn't want to accept it at first because I have all my family back in Uruguay. But I guess once I started going to school and realizing, you know, I was going to school with kids that were on the same boat as me that had just moved here. People spoke Spanish, so the transition was, I made it a little bit better, so that definitely helped when I started going to school and having to adapt to my new life.