فشرف بل اشتغالي بالعلم ولا تبغي به ما عشت يا بدا بدا ويا له من شراف عظيمي these books what do they do for you or even the kitab الدرار البهية by الإمام محمد العليش وكاني رحل مولان تعالى these books what do they known as they known as المتون الفقية المتون? الفقية what they do for you is this book has in it مسائل فرعية the things that nullify the salah the things that nullify يوضو شروط الصلاة and they're saying one two three so it's فرع one one one you know one two three so you memorize it one okay this is the condition of the prayer one these are the second condition okay the third condition the fourth condition the fifth condition you memorize it these are the pillars these are the واجبات these are the مبطلات the things that nullify your prayer these are مسائل فرعية that's the first way a person has to have that with him so he has اتحضار he knows the مسائل الفرعية he knows them they with him this is the most common way that many people take the second method after doing that the person does the second it's not necessarily in the order that I mentioned but these are the ways to have ملكة فقية they can be تقديم التأخير it doesn't matter the second one is the person studies فق through what الاحديث المتعلقة بالاحكام the person studies it through the the hadith that are dealing with فق such as the person studies بلوغ المرام في عمدة بلوغ المرام في ادلة الحكام او ذا كتاب العمدة الحكام البلوغ المرام في منحجر العسقالاني عمدة الحكام which is عبدالغاني عبدالوحد المقدسي المنطقة which is ابل بركات تيميئ ابل تيميئ is granddad ايوان مين او ذا كتاب المحرر ري من عبدالهادي these books are a hadith books but they are what حديث لا are general like رياض الصالحين are they books like that لا they know these حديث are particularly in فق they are a hadith which are connected to حكام حكوم شرعي صح in other words they deal with فق issues so the person learns it also the hadith they memorize it they memorize it the third one is the person does is which is the third and the third method is القاعدة الأصولية القاعدة الأصولية I already took و القاعدة الأصولية means books like these are تكتاب مفتاح الأصول by زنجاني مفتاح الأصول which is written by زنجاني which is تخريج الفروع على الأصول لباسن ولان قاعدة أصولية and he will solidify himself like that and the fourth one is قاعد فقية بوكس تأقى قاعد فقية such as this particular book that we are studying which is الفرائد البهية في نظم قاعد الفقية when a person does those four then he has ملكة فقية ملكة strong, rooted those four the person gains ملكة فقية so that is very important that I that benefit is shared with the students and a person knows this this kitab that we have in front of us الفرائد البهية في نظم قاعد الفقية written by the author أهدل is it's a poem, it's a poetry when I last looked at it it is 525 lines it is 500 and 25 lines and it is 525 lines and it's a poetry from the book الأشباه والنظائر by سيوتي جلال الدين السيوتي رحمه الله he wrote a book called الأشباه والنظائر so what Abu Bakr قاسي من الأهدل did was he made that book which is not a poetry he made it into a poetry so the people can memorize it so I'm going to first of all first of all speak about the kitab الأشباه والنظائر by سيوتي so we have an understanding of the original book that this book that we're studying made it into a poetry so we have an understanding of what الأشباه والنظائر that we know it الإمام السيوتي رحمه الله my beloved brothers and sisters his works and his books that he wrote with all honesty are from the greatest books that are out there رحمه الله تعالى his books are amazing and what I say over rule is because in details he was an أشعري and he was a a صوفي so these things crept into some of his works and you read in his works and issues which were which were wrong and incorrect as for from the angle of in totality and in conclusion his books are praiseworthy and they are beneficial and it's rare it's actually rare that you find a field except سيوتي رحمه الله has written a book on it we have this book القواعد الفقية this book that we have this field sorry القواعد الفقية right now we have him write this book he wrote this book he wrote a book in القواعد الفقية which is the one we are talking about and according to the they classified his book as what أدوة الكتاب in the greatest book صنفة في علم القواعد they consider it the best book for them that was written in علم القواعد are you with me brothers so why would they say it's the best book written when we spoke about the other day العزم العبد السلام أحكم في المصالح الأنام yeah we also have books like المجموع المهدب في قواعد المدهب المبن العلائي الكيكل دي and other شفعية who written books in the مدهب the reason why is because brothers and you should always try to memorize this قاعدة and this قاعدة is not قاعدة مفطردة but generally speaking is the take leaf the authoring and the writing of the late comma the one who has come late majority of the times is that is going to write is going to write perfectly better and he's going to observe things more than those who came before him are you with me brothers generally speaking you know why because he's seen what they have to say but they weren't able to see what he has to say are you with me and that of course brothers is that if the person is we're not talking about every person and that's what we say sometimes شخ ناصر الدينة الالبانى رحمه الله الله gave him that meza الله gave him this is that he saw what أحمد محمد had to say he saw what يحب المعين had to say and he had the chance and the ability because they probably didn't even see what they said amongst themselves doesn't make sense amongst themselves they may not have seen each other's كلام on a matter whereas the person who came late may be able to see what both parties have to say so from this angle is تحرير and the فوائد are like that but he has a book he has a book known as جمع الجوامع and it's not a جمع الجوائع by Sukhi in أسول الفقنون جمع الجوامع in نحو he has a book in grammar you read this book your mouth will drop in the way he the way he has written it the way he has written it رحمه الله تعالى one of the best books I've written he also has the كتاب تدريب الراوي which is المصطلح الحديث he also even has a book called what ألفية a thousand lines of what a thousand lines of a thousand lines on مصطلح الحديث he has a thousand رحمه الله he also even wrote he also even wrote in بلاغة his كتاب his كتاب عقود الجمع which is in what it is in ألم البلاغة so the books of سيوطي ينبغ العناية it is something that a student of knowledge should not go away from خاصة especially brothers his ألفية the books that he has written about ألفية the thousand lines in which he wrote in different field don't let those books pass by you by them and have it this كتاب اللشبه والنظائر that we were speaking about كتاب وقيم وجيد الله it's a book that's amazing and it is a very very very good book so now we're going to speak about كتاب how did he write it and then we're going to go to the book that we have in front of us which is known as الفقية اللشبه والنظائر is written in what seven chapters he broke it into what how many chapters brothers seven chapters he broke it into he broke it into seven chapters the first one is from the seven and it's important that we understand it is he speaks about the first chapters seven chapters so if you go out if you read the كتاب اللشبه والنظائر the first chapter is the قواعد الكليّة الكبرى the five that we spoke about before the five قواعد الكليّة الكبرى that we had spoken about which is what الأمور بمقاصدها in this particular order which is and then he says لا يزول بالشكل and then third was and the fourth one which is الضرل ويزال and the fifth one which is so he does it in those particular orders now these five قواعد are متفق agreed upon within the مدهب الشافعية and not only the مدهب راد القواعد متفق عليها في المدهب الأربعة the four madhabs they all agree with each other on this are you with me السيوطي في كتاب الشباب والنظائر he talks about he talks about قواعد which are قواعد كليّة they are comprehensive principles يتخرج عليها ما لا ينحصلوا من الصواري الجزئية the sub branches that come out of it are excessive in number but they are not on the level of the five are you with me they are not on the caliber of the five which is المقاصدها اللي قينوا لا يزولوا بالشكل لما لا يزالوا بالشكل المشقة تجليب التيسير ضرروا يزال they are not of that five level are you with me brothers the second chapter it's قواعد which are comprehensive and a lot of sub branches come out of it and from them we took one of them which is in this one and he starts with that one he starts with that one in the second chapter the first قاعد in which he starts is that and he mentions 40 قواعد there he mentions what 40 قواعد 40 principles 30 قواعد the third chapter is the third chapter is the third chapter is القواعد المختلف which are differed which are differed amongst two between the mudahib the mudahibs they differ upon each other these قواعد and remember in the mouqadima we spoke about يتحدث عن قواعد من مدهبنا. نحن نتحدث عن هذا. وفي أكثر أفضلات. وفي أكثر أكثر أكثر تفكيرنا. إن شاء الله تعالى عندما نذهب إلى الكتاب. إن شاء الله تعالى الكتاب الفرائد البهي. في القراءة الثالثة التي هي قواعد التي تفضل على من المسجدين من المدهبين المسجدين من المدهبين يجب أن يجب 20 قواعد هنا. يجب what؟ يجب أن يجب 20 قواعد. أريد أن تتفكير معي هنا. يجب أن يكون مهم. الأشخاص الثلاثة. ماذا يفعلون؟ ماذا يفعلون؟ يجب أن يكونوا all having common. الأشخاص الثلاثة. إنها مؤسسة. لكن الأشخاص الثلاثة هي قواعد الفقية. الأشخاص الثلاثة هي قواعد الفقية. أين هو الثلاث؟ أين هو الثلاث؟ أين هو الثلاث؟ أين هو الثلاث؟ لا يوجد قواعد الفقية. ماذا يحدث هنا؟ أهدل؟ يجب أن يتوقف. يجب أن ينظم على only the three first chapters. في نظم قواعد الفقية فهي يتبقه only based on قواعد يجب أن يتبق what؟ يجب أن يتبق the first chapter which is the fifth and then it's going to be the 20 the 40 قواعد which are قواعد كلية يتخرج عليها ما لا ينحصل من الصور الجزئية which is the 40 and also the 20 which is the third one which is the قواعد المختلف فيها the قواعد which had differed upon between who بين المداهب amongst the methods are you with me? so how many قواعد are we going to learn in this book if you calculate them 5 plus 40 plus 20 that is 65 right? 65 قاعدة you will know after after studying this كتاب الفرائد البهية في نظم قواعد الفقية are you with me brothers? so this is what the كتاب الفرائد البهية في نظم قواعد الفقية deals with only the three first chapters of كتاب are you with me brothers? and by the end of this book when we memorize it 525 lines of poetry you know from the top of your head 65 قواعد دراوة and then all of the فروع in the فيقيات that you are studying and the حكام that you are taking you are bringing back to these قواعد 65 powerful without this book is something else now so we know now فرائد البهية the way it is written right let's carry on the fourth chapter and the fifth chapter and the sixth chapter and the seventh chapter of the كتاب السيوتي اللي شبهه النظائر the fourth chapter the fourth chapter سيوتي he brings احكام it's not قواعد anymore احكام that come a lot they come a lot and you find it a lot قواعد يكثر دورها it's the role that it plays are very big and they hold big and they keep coming back ويقبح بالفقي جهلها and the jurist the فقي for him to be ignorant of it is something that can't be tolerated you can't be ignorant about it are you with me so he speaks about it there the fifth chapter is the issue of النظائر are you with me brothers نظائر نظائر are what brothers in ايش نظائر الأبواب in other words simple terms is اللتي هي من باب واحد ورتب على أبواب فق basically this one he talks about ضوابد فقية he talks about what طوابد فقية and we studied the difference between ضوابد الفقية قواعد فقية and قواعد الأصول we studied that right so what he does is that الامام السيوطة رحمه الله تعالى is that every single chapter he brings the ضوابد for that particular chapter and he brings it in chapterings now such as for example he's going to say when he comes to the chapter of مياه الأصول في المياه فهاره now this is نفتقائد فقية this is called what ضوابد فقية ضوابد فقية because this is specific to a particular chapter it is specific to a particular chapter it is specific to a particular chapter whereas قواعد الفقية is not specific to a particular chapter that is the difference between the two the sixth chapter سيوطة speaks about what فروق differences issues that are what افترق that they have differed in the chapterings in other words the subject that is known as الفروق the subject that is known the issue that is known as الفروق differences things that you see but you don't know there are differences in it so the seventh one is what things that look the same في نظائر شتة things that look the same but they are not particular chapters so this is where the difference of the seventh chapter and the fifth chapter they differ on the fifth chapter is specific it is a specific نظائر to a particular bab whereas the seventh one is شتة different this book that we have with us right now which is الفرائد البهير we realize now that he deals with what brothers what does الفرائد البهير what did he do نظم on he done it on the first first three chapters he done it on the first three chapters and he did not bring the other remaining so he done more of a summary صح for the person then he had done what is it then actually writing the whole نظم of كتابة الفرائد البهير so it is important that the student of knowledge is aware of that because sometimes what happens is the student of knowledge may think to himself that كتابة الفرائد البهير في نظم قواعد الفقية is a نظم of صيوط when it is not because صيوط is about is not all قواعد الفقية he with me he goes on other issues as well but all of the chapters are قواعد الفقية which is the first second and third أهدل أبو بكر ابن أب القاسم الأهدل he done نظم of it so how much did he make it into 520 25 some copies they make into 526 so I've seen it like that على كل حال who told him to write this book why did he write it for the reason why he wrote it we're going to see it later إن شاء الله تعالى he mentions it in the book is that his teacher commanded him أحمد الناشري his teacher who taught him told him to write and to do نظم of this book and so he did it and he made it into a poetry and it's going to come to us later إن شاء الله تعالى إن نظم in the poetry he mentions it this book has different شروح different explanations on it there are different explanations on it I have two شروح of them this one being المواهب السنية this book being المواهب السنية which is written by علامة عبد الله الجه رزي الجر حزي sorry الشافي عبد الله الجر حزي الشافي I also saw that some scholars they did the dub of his name as الجور حزي I've seen that both ways I saw people read it this book المواهب السنية في شرح نظم قواعد الفقية is one of the شروحs إن شاء الله very good very simplistic very nice he does a very good explanation إن شاء الله we will quote it we will reference it and we will be إن الله الكريم be using it إن شاء الله be extracting things from it the one I have does not have the حاشية of because some of the copies I try to look for it the حاشية the footnotes of الفاداني some of the copies of the مواهب it has the حاشية of الفاداني also from the شروح that are on this book that explain this book إن المواهب العالية شرح إن الفرائد البهية by Yusuf Ibn Muhammad البطاح البطاح we did a سنة 1200 وستة واربعين we did a 1200 and 46 كتاب المواهب العالية شرح إن الفرائد البهية إن شاء الله This book انه مدينة. انه مدينة من الآخر. ماذا يعني؟ يبدو أنه يوجد في الوقت مجموعة. ماذا يفعله؟ يأخذه من مجموعة. ويأخذه في مجموعة. فعلاً ماذا يحدث عن مجموعة؟ يجب أن يفهم شيئاً لكي تفهم شيئاً. يجب أن تفهم شيئاً لكي تفهم شيئاً. فماذا سوف نتفهم؟ نحن نتفهم بكتاب من إبن هشام الأنصاري، وهي أوضح المسالك. إبن هشام الأنصاري، وما يفعله في الفتاة المالك، وما يفعله إلى النثر. وما يفعله إلى النثر. وما يفعله من أبن أبن قرار، فأنت يمكنك فعله بكتب أقر. لذا أي أخطر، أن إبن المالك لم يفهمه ولم يفهمه. إنه أسيط أسيط جيداً إلى كتاب إبن مسالك، وأصبحت بالكتاب إبن هشام الأنصاري. وما يفعله في الفتاة المالك يجب أن يفهم. وما يفهم بهذه الكتاب، وما يفهم بكتاب المالك ببعض، وتبعضوا التفهم المالك، والما يفهمون إبنك بأمنا المالك. أنهم يفهمون. كان هناك مقابعنا كهرباء أبرسيا، وما سيتم إبنها بالنسبة لكتاب أن إبن مالك. و يمكننا أن نذهب إلى بوك شارل ستريد هناك already الاشباه والنضائل ريتم by سبكي وهي شافعي himself و now you guys are here studying كتاب الفرائد البهي في نظم قوعد فقية which is the rhythm of a سيوطي اشباه والنضائل and not سبكي is one because we are not studying سبكي is one we are studying which one? سيوطي is one but you said سيوطي is one is better than سبكي is one the reason is one that I already mentioned سيوطي came after سبكي سيوطي came after سبكي and as I said before that the work of a ليقما في الغالب generally speaking it's not قاعدة مبطالة it's not always the case أنه يجيده و يحرر أكثر من سبيقه he's going to do a better job than those who came before him the second reason why سبكي's كتاب is not as good as سيوطي is because سبكي's كتاب أشباه والنضائل since سبكي is a person who was very deep in أصول الفق and he was an أصولي بمعنى الكريمة سبكي are you with me? are you with me brothers? and أصول قاعدة الأصولية comes before what brothers? it comes before قاعدة الفقية right? are you with me brothers? are you trying to explain a book because remember whatever science that you've studied or you like the most is always going to impact your explanation of a book it's always going to have a it's going to have an impact it's going to have a say it can be seen from you that this is your field because that's going to have it since سبكي was an أصولي he's writing قاعدة الفقية is more like a قاعدة أصولية he's using the أصولي way of it when in reality قاعدة الفقية is what? it is what comes after قاعدة الأصولية because when I say قاعدة الفقية we say he's taking directly from the حكم شارعي right? when we're speaking المقدمة whereas whereas سيوتي's kitab his nefes is not nefes أصولي سيوتي's nefes his strong point is is not nefes أصولي his nefes is nefes فقية so أشباول نظائر of سيوتي is more فقية related قاعدة فقية so it goes more easy and it flows easier and it is easy for a student of knowledge to understand are you with me brothers? this is just a ملاحظة of the whole issue at hand إن شاء الله تعالى without any further ado we're now going to start بإذن الله الكريم الكتاب بإذن الله الكريم


And how are we going to get started with Node? What are some best practices? What are some of the ways Node is kind of different than maybe what you're used to for other technology stacks inside of Cloud Foundry? So first of all, who am I? So my name is Joe Doyle, Solutions Architect Manager at NodeSource. We are a Gold member inside the NodeJS Foundation. I am a longtime NodeJS developer before there was a Node Foundation. I'm also a co-organizer for the SF Node Meetup. So if you live in the Bay Area and should Node, we meet on the first Thursday of every month. In addition, I like to reach out where I can to help new developers kind of enter the NodeJS community. So I'm a mentor at Node School Oakland, which is an opportunity for folks that are new to JavaScript, new to Node, basically come get one-on-one mentoring, learning how to use the platform. In addition, one of the slides Mark highlighted was that crazy large spike in NodeJS contributors. I also help out with something called NodeJS Code and Learn, which is really a program meant to help first-time contributors to the NodeJS project make their first commit to the core. Also, I'm a Windows advocate using a Mac today, but I started my NodeJS journey on Windows and I have a very long Windows background, so I love to see Microsoft is involved in not only NodeJS but also the Cloud Foundry Foundation. And you can pretty much find me everywhere as Joe Doyle 23 on the internet. Unfortunately, I have a super common name ranging from Olympic swimmers to congressmen to professional photographers, so the 23, unfortunately, is very important. So getting started. A lot of folks raised their hand when they talked about who is using Node and a lot of folks raised their hand saying who's using other technologies such as Java. One of the things that Mark really kind of highlighted is Node is pretty much everywhere now. Most Fortune 500 companies have NodeJS running in production or have plans to do so very shortly. And a lot of what we kind of talked about, we had better numbers, but really a lot of companies are seeing developer satisfaction, developer productivity be really a strong benefit to why they want to bring NodeJS into their environment in the first place. As a lot of that might be attributed to the rise in single page applications on the web front end, we're getting more and more JavaScript experience. So now being able to leverage those same resources and writing the same server side application is turning out to be a huge benefit for companies as they move forward in adopting JavaScript in the front end and the back end. In addition, we kind of talked a little bit about the rise in serverless. NodeJS is really a high throughput system while at the same time consuming far less resources than a lot of previous stacks that companies are used to. So this really allows you to kind of operate Node in a very different way than you would approach your Java or .NET stacks because of that low resource utilization while getting up to a 20x performance increase for certain types of traffic. Finally, as Mark mentioned, NodeJS is everywhere. 8 million users worldwide, the MPM package ecosystem is over 410,000 packages and growing. So it's really, there's a huge community, lots of resources, and everyone's very highly engaged in making sure that NodeJS in general is successful. So now we come to where we want to talk about today, NodeJS on Cloud Foundry. So one of the great benefits to NodeJS is that low resource utilization. So when we start to look at matching up with Cloud Foundry, that really starts to speak to some of Node's strong suits. Because we're using less resources than traditional stacks, it's usually easier to kind of get more efficiency out of your already provisioned Cloud Foundry stack by leveraging micro-services. All your Node instances are going to take less memory, less CPU, so we can start to have more of these micro-services all on the same hardware. And that's something that we see time to time again. As Mark mentioned, we have quotes from Netflix and Capital One. A lot of these folks were started before NodeJS became mainstream. They had a Java base, and now they're moving to Node, being able to get even faster throughput, end up using less resources with physical hardware. Horizontally scaling your application is one of the great benefits of Cloud Foundry. We can kind of scale up, scale down as we see our load is increasing, our demand is changing. And that really speaks to the sweet spot of NodeJS. It's very quick to start up, very easy to design your applications in a way that is meant for horizontal scaling. So as you're prototyping your app, maybe you only need three instances. But as you're getting ready to go to production, you can scale up to 20.  Cloud Foundry makes that real easy, and that kind of works in with the design principles of NodeJS. In addition, NodeJS has also kind of came around the same time folks started talking about the 12-factor application, doing best practices around ways to easily manage configuration, making sure that we're managing state in a way that scales appropriately as we're getting to large enterprise applications. Additionally, as we talked about, we are officially supported at BuildPak inside of Cloud Foundry. So NodeJS is a first-class citizen. As you download the open source Pivotal version of Cloud Foundry, Node is there and ready to go without you having to do a lot of extra work. And an important thing that's kind of shifting inside of many of the platforms that exist today for enterprise applications is Node is really aligned well with containerization patterns that we're seeing, ranging from Docker to Kubernetes, running on the Run-C engine itself. It really just kind of speaks to that community, and in the Docker world has already been very widely adopted as a very popular runtime in general. So let's talk about the NodeJS BuildPak. That's really our entry point into the Cloud Foundry environment. For folks that are familiar with Cloud Foundry, BuildPaks are not really anything new. If you've worked with Heroku, the same kind of BuildPak concept flows right through to Cloud Foundry. And because we're a system BuildPak, as we talked about, this really helps to lower the barrier to entry of trying to get started with NodeJS on Cloud Foundry. So as you may be bringing new applications on board, really you just follow a lot of the same best practices that you're used to. Only now, because we're running a NodeJS application, we get the leverage Cloud Foundry's built-in capabilities to detect that we're running Node. So first and foremost, traditionally with NodeJS applications, we have a special file called package.json. This is our manifest for the application. It helps tie in the NodeJS dependencies that we are bringing in from the MPM ecosystem, as well as any private modules we might have developed ourselves, and really kind of controls the structure of what are we bringing into our application. When Cloud Foundry sees this package.json, it is going to automatically assume that you are running a NodeJS application, and it will automatically then assume it should be using the NodeJS BuildPak. This is great because this keeps our deployment automated and simple, just like we expect for any other language that we're running on Cloud Foundry. There is a little thing we need to be aware of, though, is the BuildPak really locks us down to the version of Node that we're allowed to actually deploy with. Node actually has a relatively aggressive release schedule when it comes to point releases and minor releases. That's tried to be, we minify that when it comes to the LTS side of things. But if you're a company looking to be aggressive on staying up to the latest and greatest version of Node, your BuildPak kind of needs to match that. So as an example, as you can see, one of the versions of the BuildPak that comes with the local PCF Dev that we'll kind of talk about and do a demo with is really locked down to these specific versions of Node. And if you're someone who keeps up on Node, you realize that not all of those are the most up-to-date version. So while it's great that we are built in, you also have to be a little mindful as to what version of Node are you interested in running. Is it the latest version? And then you have to make sure you correlate that with your BuildPak version. The great news is, though, the BuildPak is open source and it is on GitHub. So it is inside the Cloud Foundry organization, and they actually do a very good job of keeping that up-to-date. The current version that was just released not too long ago actually does support Node version 8, which is brand new inside the Node community. So when we use our default BuildPak, Cloud Foundry is going to make some assumption for us if we are not already providing these details to override this. First and foremost, if we are not telling Cloud Foundry a specific version of Node to use, it's going to pick a default version that is assigned via the BuildPak. In the version that we kind of highlighted, that's 4.8.3. While that still is an LTS version of Node, so it is safe to use in production, you're going to get security updates, is ending its life cycle inside the LTS version. So it's starting to enter the maintenance mode, and we're starting to get six months of only security fixes before that's going to be deprecated, and we're going to recommend that you do not use Node 4 branch.  Traditionally in Node, we don't need a lot of disk space, and we don't need a lot of memory. But the defaults are when you just push a Node.js application up, or it's going to allocate 256 megabytes of memory and 512 megabytes of disk. And we're also only going to get one instance. So really when it comes to starting to explore how Node should be deployed, we really want to adjust that expectation. The recommended Node.js line to use today is Node 6. It's going to have another 18 months of security and support, so that's really the safe one to make sure your application is run on today. But in addition, we probably want to flip some of these settings a little bit. So kind of an average recommendation that we have based on your typical Node.js application that we see are really give it half a gig of memory. Node.js doesn't use a lot of memory. It's kind of an anti-pattern. If you end up having an application that's pushing all the way up to the one and a half gig heap limit for Node, so really 512 meg is really kind of a common good spot to start off with your applications. 128 megabytes of disk is also kind of a good recommendation. Again, these are all things that need to be measured, but these are kind of more along the lines of what we see for a typical Node.js application and its requirements when starting to deploy and run in production. Most importantly, the biggest change from Java and .NET is that Node.js does not use threads. So instead of having lots of threads inside of our application and having that be the main way that we handle lots of traffic, instead Node.js is actually executing your code single threaded. Now, it's doing that asynchronously, so we actually can still do a lot of traffic with that single thread, but because it still is a single thread, we need to safeguard that thread. And the way we do that with Node is we scale out horizontally.  It can be several on the same box, one on the very small box, but then we scale that out horizontally and put a load balancer in front of that. That way if a Node.js application has one of the process die, we still are load balanced across the many of them. And for a lot of folks, that's a very different paradigm shift when it comes to doing high traffic sites coming from a more traditional stack like Java and .NET and then starting to introduce Node.js into their application. They often expect that they just need one instance on their server with eight cores and 24 gig of memory and yeah, let's hit 10,000 concurrent connections. But unfortunately that's not really the case of how Node scales. So some quick tips to get started. Most of your Node.js applications are going to be listening on a port. We talked about the main use cases are for front end, API, mobile services, things that are going to be handling traffic from the outside world. And Cloud Foundry really makes this easy for us because often in Node.js applications it's the best practice to accept the listening port for your application on the port environment variable. And by maintaining that same best practice, Cloud Foundry is going to do the exact same thing for you. So as you deploy your Node.js application, it's going to land somewhere inside your Cloud Foundry cluster and it's going to just assign a port so that it can control that mapping and make it available to the outside world for you, all the great automation that Cloud Foundry does. So by continuing that best practice of using the port, your server will automatically listen to the right port inside of Cloud Foundry, automatically be mapped in just as you would expect for any other language. Another common question, and this kind of is a deployment question new folks to Node have all the time. We have this folder called Node underscore modules. And this is really where we install all the modules for the project. It's always local to the source code of your project. And the question is always, do I bundle that with my application to deploy it? Do I make it part of a deploy step to run my NPM install? What do I do? How do I manage that? And the great thing is because the BuildPack is really written by NodeJS experts, Cloud Foundry has done a great job of really following NodeJS best practices, you don't need to worry about that. Cloud Foundry BuildPack will automatically do the NPM install for you, which means that if you have any native modules, they're going to be already set for the Linux version that's running inside of Cloud Foundry. Everything is just going to work and be automated for you. So you don't need to worry about packaging those up. You don't need to worry about operating system specific settings or anything along those lines. The BuildPack will do all the right steps to make sure your NodeJS applications is brought up into the Cloud. Finally, for folks that are experienced with Cloud Foundry, you're probably familiar with these two environment variables we have, VCAP services and VCAP application. Really, these are the same in Node as they are for any other language. This is how Cloud Foundry is telling us about the environment that our application is spinning up in. And really, there's not much change. Node still needs to use those same things. These are valuable information about the specific instance of the application. What are the services that are being made available to me and how do I connect to them? So it's still important to be able to leverage those as we go. With Node, though, we actually have a nice little helper, right? The great thing about the NodeJS community is that if there's a problem, somebody has probably already made at least one package to help solve that problem for you. One of my coworkers, Patrick Mueller, actually has a package called CFN on NPM. And what it does is it reparses the VCAP services and VCAP application for you so that you have a nice and easy to use object that represents all the values being supplied to you from Cloud Foundry. The best part of this is that, as we saw on one of Mark's slides, most people aren't doing development by doing their code, pushing to Cloud Foundry, seeing how it works. Instead, they want to run their application on their local machine, quicker feedback group, right? Node runs great on your machine. So one of the things that the CFN package does for us is to allow us to provide sane defaults so that, even though our application is going to end up living in Cloud Foundry, we're going to need to know about these services, the application-specific details of our installation. When we're running locally, it's going to provide sane defaults so that we just don't blow up and melt down going, oh, well, we don't have a Redis server, we don't know what port. That way, we still have that nice development cycle of being able to code locally on your machine, fire up Node on your local machine, test it out, the things look good, commit, push the CI, and let the system flow. So now we're ready to go, right? What do we need to do? We've got a Node.js application, we've figured out that we're going to be in Cloud Foundry. There are a few things that start to change a little bit from a default Node.js application to one that we're trying to prepare for Cloud Foundry. First and foremost, this is a snippet inside of our package JSON. As you mentioned, this is the manifest that we have for our application, all the dependencies for runtime as well as for development time. And we have a special section right in the middle called engines, and we see we have a subvalue called Node. This is something that I believe started with Heroku back in the day, and this allows your infrastructure to query this package JSON and let your application tell it what the best version of Node we should be running. So this is the way that Cloud Foundry build pack will do its best to respect that version request. As we mentioned, the build pack is limited to the versions that we have available, but if you have one inside of this format, it will do its best to respect that. In addition, we still get to also leverage some of the common things that we're used to for Cloud Foundry. So we still also will have a manifest YAML file that allows us to control how is our application going to be deployed? What are the resources that we need? How many instances do we need? And so this is kind of a quick little snippet of it. We can see we also have environment variables that we wanna make sure we pass down into Cloud Foundry that are available for our application. Again, this is standard Cloud Foundry. There's nothing really specific about it, except for the idea we wanna make sure that we're using the right memory and disk utilization as well as we have more than one instance in case our application runs into problems. So real quick, we'll jump in and do a real quick push, just to highlight how simple this is, if we can actually get there. So I have a simple Node.js application and someday, as we mentioned, we are gonna figure out how to do projectors in an easy way and it's gonna be magical. So I have a really simple Node.js application already set up. Basically, it's using all the settings that we just showed inside of our environment. So the great thing about Cloud Foundry, CF push and away we go. So as we can see, CF push is loading up. It's doing all the work it needs to do to package up our application, send it into Cloud Foundry and then from here we can see it's doing a check for our build packs. I have already manually updated to the latest build pack so that I can support 6.10 and it appears to be downloading it again. So our build's exceeded. As you can see here in the middle, it was kind of a whole bunch of lines and they kind of have Node modules in it. That's actually Cloud Foundry going ahead and installing our modules for us to make sure that everything is included in our production dependencies is there. And sure enough, we see we've got our three applications running. So if we jump back over to our UI, we can see we have our CF demo app running. We've got three instances and sure enough everything has been respected about our manifest YAML. If we go through and take a look at one of our routes, we can actually see we are running in Cloud Foundry. Not only that, but I added a fun little trick. We have the host as Cloud Foundry reports it to us and so I said we should have three instances of that. So if I go ahead and refresh, you'll notice that good of our host is changing. So not only did Cloud Foundry deploy our application for us, it's also automatically load balancing which is exactly what we want for a Node.js application. So there's another alternative that's starting to become more popular in the Cloud Foundry ecosystem and something that exists today but not quite as first class citizen. We're hearing more about it when we talk about Garden with Run C and being able to take advantage of Docker containers and bring those images into Cloud Foundry and run that way. So some of the benefits that we get, everything is bundled together. It's kind of one blob that represents your application. It can be pushed around anywhere it needs to be. We can choose the version of Node we want regardless of whatever build pack we have installed onto the system. It's also then portable across systems. We can run this container inside of Cloud Foundry. We can run it inside of Kubernetes. I can run it on my local Mac with Docker for Windows or Docker for Mac. It's all kind of there for us making it really simple to have that build artifact kind of locked in place easy to test anywhere. We also are able to then leverage the large ecosystem of pre-existing Docker containers that exist much like Node.js where if there's a problem there's probably an NPM package that solves it. If there is a piece of software out there that has terrible configuration settings and you need to read four blog posts to figure that out there's probably a Docker image that already is set up and lets you do that software without any headache at all. So the best part is on new versions of Cloud Foundry this is already built in. It's just not turned on. A lot of what was talked about in some of the keynotes security is a really important aspect of Cloud Foundry. And while Docker is in use in a lot of production environments there are often a lot of questions around how secure is Docker? What are the edge cases we need to worry about? So Cloud Foundry is taking a responsible approach to make sure that as this new derivative of running containers inside of Cloud Foundry that everything is secure, everything is done correctly. So all we need to do is if you're an administrator inside of your environment you can enable the feature flag for Diego underscore Docker and then step three is profit, right? Now we can use Docker. Unfortunately there are some things we need to be aware of. First and foremost these Docker images are not pre-baked in build packs. They're not already sitting on a system somewhere. Basically your Cloud Foundry environment needs to go and get those images to bring them in to be able to run them. And there are some caveats around that that can make things difficult. So first and foremost it needs to be an accessible registry and it has to have a valid SSL certificate. So the good news is Docker Hub is the main central repository for Docker images but that also assumes that you are allowing internet access from your Cloud Foundry environment. And based on our experience at NodeSource that is not always the common case. So that's kind of a little roadblock.  The problem then is you need to make sure you have a valid SSL certificate as far as your cluster considers. So that means you need to run some form of PKI inside being able to manage those certificates and already have a way to trust a certificate that you generate and hand out. Again, these are difficulties only because Docker is trying to figure out security. These are best practices that Cloud Foundry is following. So they are doing the right thing. It's kind of hard to make Docker catch up all the time but they're doing a good job of getting there. And finally, as we mentioned, this feature flag needs to be turned on by an administrator. Also from our experience, the folks that are building the applications never have this right to turn on this permission. The administration of the cluster and then the ability to push applications are usually very well-controlled, well-separated roles of responsibility. So it'd be something you would need to work with your own operations folks to be able to test this out. The fun thing is we still do an almost identical deployment. We can still do CF push with our application. The only difference is we have a new flag dash dash Docker image, which allows us to specify what image is going to be used for our application. This can be any Docker image that exists. It can be your own Node.js application that you've just created and bundled up. It can be any sort of project that exists out there. Maybe you want to use Redis. Maybe you have some form of MySQL or Graphics Magic packaged up in an image. Really doesn't matter. The most exciting part of this is that the manifest.yaml is going to be respected. If you run the CF push in a directory with the manifest for your application. So even though we kind of have changed where the source comes from, we still are able to leverage the same kind of infrastructure tooling around how do we describe the resource utilization? How many instances do we need for each application? And of course, we can go take a look at that and see what it looks like. As soon as my screen catches up, we'll try the quicker of those two suggestions. Okay. So as we can see, trying to make this more visible, we get to use our same CF push command. I gave it a little bit different name. But this is a pre-built command. This image is actually live and available. So if you go to dockerhub.nodesource.cfdemo, you can actually play with this image itself. It's not very exciting. But we go through, we see a very similar process. Cloud Foundry is going through allocating our application, making sure that if there's a previous version, we're overwriting that as needed. And we go through, I've already kind of cheated for make sure the demo guides don't frown on me and the image is already inside of my Cloud Foundry environment. So as we see right away, we're spinning up our three instances, just as our YAML manifest requested. If we jump back to here, we can see our CF demo Docker instance is now running. We have our three instances, and if we go to our route, we see our happy bender just as we expect. And again, we refresh, we're automatically getting our load balancing and away we go. So this portion isn't necessarily Node.js specific, but what you end up finding inside of the Node.js community is as Mark mentioned, Docker and containerization is really a paradigm that fits well with Node.js and how Node.js applications are designed to be stateless and make it easy to scale horizontally. So containers are just kind of one of those ways that helps assist that, which is why we really, we mentioned it. So jumping back, so that's what we have for today. So thank you very much. Do we have time for questions? Yep. You were describing how to push a container. I was wondering if it's, when you're running an application in a container, it's kind of a long running process, if you will. So is it possible to control from Cloud Foundry or from launch from an application, a container? They said you have an application running already in Cloud Foundry, and from there you want to launch a container. It's kind of a interfacing with the container. So I haven't, I'm warning Cloud Foundry myself as we go through, and there's not a lot of information about some of the specifics around some of the running Docker images inside of Cloud Foundry. That's something that is expanding and growing inside the Cloud Foundry ecosystem. And there may be someone in the room that might have a better answer for that than I do today. Thank you. 12-factor app. In Java, what happens in the, because we are working with both Java and Node.js, in Java every vendor has some sample 12-factor application. Can you suggest something for the Node.js that you suggest that we can look into a 12-factor, a 12-factor application, a URL or a GitHub URL or something of that sort? Sure. I actually don't have any off the top of my head. I'm sure Google will probably be a better suggestion. It is a common practice to maybe not necessarily follow every step, but the majority of the 12 steps around the way configuration is broken out, environment variables and all those types of things. So I don't have a great answer for a specific example, but I'm sure we could Google one and find a really good example. Okay, thank you very much, Joe. All right, thank you.


I don't know if they could get him into Mason by scissor kicking down if he grabs that. I think it might stall as well, I don't know, what does it feel like to you?


As we have discussed in previous sections, the structure and makeup to complex engineered systems is fundamentally different to that of our traditional engineered systems, which are homogeneous, well-bounded, monolithic, and relatively static. Our complex systems are, in contrary, heterogeneous, dynamic, unbounded, and composed of autonomous elements. Developing and designing these new complex engineered systems requires in turn an alternative paradigm in systems architecture. Our new architecture will need to be able to deal with the key features to complex engineered systems that we discussed in previous sections. Firstly, it will need to be focused on services over the properties of components. It will also need to be focused upon interpretability and cross-platform functionality to deal with a high level of diversity between components. So as to deal with the autonomy of the components, it will need to be flexible, distributed, and what we call loosely coupled. Lastly, it will also need to employ a high level of abstraction to be able to deal with the overwhelming complexity of these systems. Over the past few decades, a new systems architecture paradigm has emerged within IT called service-oriented architecture. It is a response to having to build software adapted to distributed and heterogeneous environments that the internet has made more prevalent and thus is an architecture paradigm that fits the design of complex systems well. Service-oriented architecture, SOA, or SOA for short, is an approach to distributed systems architecture that employs loosely coupled services, standard interfaces and protocols to deliver seamless cross-platform integration. It is used to integrate widely divergent components by providing them with a common interface and a set of protocols for them to communicate through what is called a service bus. Because SOA originally comes from software development, let's take an example from IT. Imagine I want to build a new web application that allows people to pay their parking tickets online. Well, I could spend years developing a subsystem that functions as a street map and then another subsystem for dealing with the payments and yet another for login, user authentication and so on. Or I could simply avail of Google's Map Service, a payment gateway service from PayPal and a user login service from Facebook. My job then would be to integrate these diverse services by creating some common process that guides the user through the use of these different services to deliver the desired functionality. Thus, instead of building a system that was based around all my different internal components within my well-bounded piece of software, my new application would instead be built with an architecture that is oriented around services, a service-oriented architecture. Now let's take an example outside of IT to illustrate its more generic relevance. Imagine I'm a coffee shop owner. My interest is in providing customers with food and beverage in a pleasant environment. In order to do this, I need to bring many different things together, from coffee beans to equipment to employees and so on. I need to design some common platform for all these things to interoperate and deliver the final service. But let's think about this system within the more formal language of SOA. Firstly, each component in the system is providing a service, whether it is the employee pouring the coffee or the chairs on which people sit. We as designers of the system are not interested in the internal functioning of these components. Because we don't need that information, we abstract it away by encapsulating it. Only the provider of the service needs to know the internal logic of the component. To us, they are simply services. So when it comes to a customer paying with a credit card, they simply swipe their card and input the pin number. No one in the shop understands how the transaction is actually completed. Only the financial service provider has that information. For the rest of us, it is abstracted away through encapsulation. We may also note that the financial service provider has almost complete control over the logic they encapsulate, at least during the system's runtime. As is the case for many other components in the system. This is called service autonomy. What we do need to know, though, is what function the component serves and how to interact with it. We call this an interface. When one of our new employees picks up a packet of coffee, she knows what it is and how to use it because it has a label. We may also note the big yellow sign above the bin in the corner, encouraging customers to dispose of their waste. This is called service discoverability. Services are supplemented with communicative metadata by which they can be effectively discovered and interpreted. We might say our bin is broadcasting the availability of its service. Although I have employed a multicultural team of staff, there is an agreement that everyone will speak English when interacting with other staff on the shop floor. This is called a standardized service contract. Services adhere to a communications agreement as defined collectively by one or more service description documents. As part of my business, I have a network of suppliers and maintenance people. If I need more personnel, I call the recruitment agency and I will have a new employee starting next week. If the shop needs painting, I can call my decorator. If I need more tables, I can buy them also. All of these different services are what is called loosely coupled to the system. This means these different modules can join or leave, couple or decouple from the system as need be, thus maintaining their independence. This loose coupling allows for the dynamic provisioning or deprovisioning of resources to maintain an effective systems load balancing mechanism. Lastly, once my little business is up and running, generating revenue, I might want to start another one or maybe another 10. But this time in say the restaurant business or maybe a confectionary. The great thing I notice is that I don't have to start from scratch each time. I can just extend my insurance contract, order more tables, use the same bank account and so on. This is called service reusability or composability. Because the services are independent from any particular process I compile them into, that is to say any of the stores I set up, they can be endlessly reused, composed and recomposed into new configurations. Okay, so we've spent a lot of time talking about a little coffee shop and replying formal SOA to a relatively simple system like this is a bit overkill. The real value arrives when we scale things up to the world of complex systems, to the architecture of large enterprises, designing urban environments or even whole economies. Because of its abstraction, the same architecture can underpin our design on the micro level as well as the macro level. We have a set of heterogeneous components. These components might be people of different cultures in a society. They might be different modes of transportation within a city. Or they might be different devices connecting to an Internet of Things platform. We create a generic language that can be used to describe all the components in the system and their service. We create interfaces for the components that translate their local language or functionality into the global language. We give them a descriptor to describe the components functionality, availability, terms, conditions, and various other parameters to its coupling and service provision. We create a service bus that integrates these functional components into an entire system and we create an interface for the end user to interact with the services they need. We can wrap up by saying, SOA should be seen as our architecture paradigm of choice when doing systems integrations within complex engineered systems. It provides us with a formal language that has sufficient abstraction for the many different applications we might be using it for. This high level of abstraction also works to maintain the autonomy of components, another of our key considerations. It is inherently relational, which again suits the network nature to the complex systems we're trying to design. And as we will be discussing in later sections, it can be optimized for an event driven architecture that suits well the dynamic nature of complex systems.


e it was quite challenging to keep the public sector partners on board, to keep their investment there, the social workers, the nurses, the psychologists, the prison service to comment, all of that staff were there on the goodwill of the public sector saying this is the way to move forward. It took another year before we started to see those substantial shifts because we were targeting the most vulnerable individuals, and that's something as well we have to understand if we are going to target a higher level of individuals who are facing remand where we want to shift to bail, we're going to have to invest appropriately and recognise that we're dealing with individuals who may have extremely chaotic situations that we have to unpick over a longer period of time. I was glad to hear the Glynaila project mentioned while I represent Angus North and Merns that falls within my colleague Graham Day, Angus South constituency, and I know he's raised that a number of times in Parliament, but really it was just going back to, I suppose, what Karen Gray raised earlier and about the wider impact on families, and he talked about ACEs. We've had a debate in that that Gail Ross MSP had brought to the chamber the other week, so it is very much high on the agenda just now. Actually, just to hear a bit more about the impact that being on remand has not only on the person themselves, but also on their wider families and what impacts you see, particularly on women, given that there are a higher number of higher percentage of women on remand, and the fact that then the vast majority of them go on not to receive custodial sentences. It's just really to hear a bit more about that. I'll actually just say that my colleague Nancy Looke should be here from families outside, because she does this incredibly eloquently. The ripple effects of women being taken in remand and their kids going into care and sometimes losing their accommodation and going into debt and exacerbating mental health—I mean, I don't know where it ends—is just a spiral. There are a lack of services on remand for women, because you don't need to go to work. You can be saying to yourself for pretty much all day.  It's catastrophic. I mean, it is catastrophic. There are very few women and we know that, with a presumption against short-term sentences, 98 per cent of women are getting a sentence of less than 12 months. We must be able to do something about that going forward and design services to make a difference, because it would be great if Scotland could lead the world in trying to change the outcome for some of our most vulnerable women. So what we do know is that a period of remand or a period in custody is devastating for the individual concern, but also for their family. So the kind of impact that we can see for children is that sometimes they don't know what's happened to a loved one in their life, so they just disappear for a period of time and nobody actually tells them the truth about what's happened sometimes because they think that's the best thing, but actually children know that something's not quite right. So somebody who was there and caring for you and loving you and taking care of you yesterday is just not there today and there was no notice of that. Now I have a small child and I dread to think what he would make of that if I just wasn't there tomorrow. So I think we kind of conceptualise these things as happening over there to other people and somehow that makes it better. But actually, you know, how to process that as a child, I think is the untold damage emotionally that that does in terms of how you understand the world around you is a certain place where you can rely on people and a lot of the children and young people who are impacted by custody and remand will be children who already have suffered adverse childhood experiences. They may be children, for example, who are already not in the direct care of their parents and or who might be in the process of being assessed for alternative care arrangements. One of the direct consequences of periods of remand or custody can be that there are unnecessary delays to those assessments. So actually children's planning doesn't happen because parents are not available to, for example, be tested around rehabilitation because it's right and appropriate that we don't remove children unless we're absolutely sure that home is not the right place for them. But to do that, we actually need parents to be able to be physically present and engage. We also know that parents who are in a custodial setting often struggle to meaningfully engage in things like child protection case conference discussions about their children and also children's hearing and other court arrangements are more difficult and of course people are presented in handcuffs at these meetings, which obviously sets a particular tone around their involvement. That's scary for children when their parents turn up with two officers who have been there transporting them in their handcuffed in the presence of the group making decisions about their lives. All of those things are, I think, very damaging for families, but it's the missed birthdays, it's the missed first day at school, it's the missed good night story. It's all of those things that, I think, make it a very difficult impact for families to rationalise. I also think that we forget that every individual who's in custody is also somebody's child. The impact on their parents and their wider social support network is also a real challenge. Even the practicalities of visiting people on remand are really difficult and often very costly and expensive and time-consuming. All of that puts a lot of extra pressure on families and the lack of availability of the resource that that person might have been bringing in had they been employed before they were remanded. All of that stops in terms of access to any benefits that might need to be reassessed in the light of somebody not being in the family home. The ramifications are huge, they affect every facet of an individual's life and therefore every facet of their family's life. The average period on remand is something like 23 days. All of that disruption for 23 days. Thank you very much, that was well made. We are getting nearer the close, we've only got back in another five minutes. In which time could I have Daniel Morris and then very briefly please? I just wanted to pick up on something that Karen McClusky mentioned in her previous response, which is that the reality for people on remand is that they're spending long periods of time in a cell with nothing to do because they don't have to participate in work. That's a picture that we've heard from other sources. We hear what you're saying about that we should try to stop people going on remand, but when they do, what should they be doing because that doesn't sound like a terribly good activity. They're untried, they're unconvicted. They're innocent technically because they've not been through the court system. I would like to see better health services, and of course I would, I'm an ex-nurse. I would like to see better health services. I would like to see good mental health services, more support for women to be involved and to look at them not just as a deficit but as an asset. We never ask people what they're good at, we only tell them what they're bad at. Everybody has an asset and we need to build on that within any time that we have. It's a teachable moment. For Shacken Diclamenti it would say that the motivation to change model can start at any time. I think that the period on remand should also be looked at as a motivation to change so that people might be pre-contemplating or contemplating a change in their behaviour and we should be able to support them. Is there a place for it to happen? If it has to happen and if they are a threat to themselves or other people, we should be trying to capitalise on that. Can I just briefly ask that? Are you aware of any good examples where that is happening at all? It's probably just not enough. Do you know? I mean, don't be wrong, I have lots of colleagues within the prison system and they will do their absolute very best in a very difficult circumstance. Many of the people who are coming in, both men and women, will be detoxing from drugs. It's incredibly chaotic, so trying to provide that level of support might be really difficult when you've got a huge volume of people. I mean, it's scattered. The problem is that if you've got such a big volume of people coming in remand, you can't provide that service. If we reduced it, then the ones who are there might get that level of service. There are examples of good practice here. In the Shine project again, I would use an example, which although the example would give us around women, it would cross gender. We have prison-based champions, we call them. If you're on remand or you're in the prison and your peers and all the rest are not coming out of their cells, you're lying on top of that bed because that's the norm. If you go and do something else, you're out the norm. That's a very difficult place to be. It's going to be hard to break it, but having the champion working in the prison, engaging with people, starting the interviews about what will happen, engaging beyond that, speaking to your defence agent about how you're engaging, starting to get group activities going. The prison service resources are fully utilised in that area, and I think that it's this engagement in the third sector. Shine is a collaboration of a number of third sector organisations. It's not an organisational thing, it's about the ethos that I'm talking about here. That work inside the prison, work with them, and there is something there that I think can be amplified and would start to address that difficult cultural and situational scenario that you've described.  This is all coming back to me when my visit to Balein, I'm sorry to go on about it, but all this is absolutely credible. It's happening there, and that was a cry from the support officers, from the Deputy Governor, is this question, Catherine, about your mental health support. I'm currently looking at a project about that in my own area in Vale of Leven, because we've got real issues there, and I think that that is something that needs to be done. The champions, yup, the guy sitting on the top bed, you know, the fear to get out of their bed because it may be seen to be different from the others. I saw people on remand in there, in their blue tongs, I saw the rows of rows in custodial in red, those were in grey who were doing, they got jobs to do the catering, what have you, all trying to integrate. I mean the work, the support teams. The other thing that blew me away was at five o'clock, the family reception centre, when the prisoners and I, I avoided using the word prisoner, but the staff did, so we had to, was stowed out with families, in tears, and you know, leaning on heavy, there was no standing room only, sorry standing room only, and the three staff that were put on there to work with the families, and there were NGOs, they weren't within the staff, work were incredible, and so I really would like to meet you all again, because I have some issues on that. Before you answer that, could you address it from the other side of the coin, and you know, if we're just seeing remand and people are going when they may have been expected to be in custody, how are the families and the victims kept in the loop? Tom? The support, as the alternative to remand, is based in mentoring, it's not just about supervision, and you can't mentor without the widest support of families, friends and the social capital that's around an individual, so I do think that the fundamental answer around supervision is, but what's that holistic mentoring that you're offering? And the point about keeping the family, the victims involved if suddenly they're expecting someone remand and that doesn't happen? Sorry, I've not understood that part of the question. I suppose if we're looking at measures to reduce remand, but there's an expectation perhaps that that person would have been put on remand, how are they interested? How do we ensure victims and families? Because there's two sides of the coin. There absolutely is, and there are people who that remand is absolutely appropriate and that will be tested by the court, and I think that that's the clarity of it. It's not that a third sector organisation comes along and champions someone who should be out there, this is a decision of the court. I guess my view of what victims would like is less than 20 days respite. And actually what we know is that the adversity caused by a period of remand contributes to almost all of the facets of risk that we would assess in terms of the likelihood of further re-offending. So if our aim and objective is to reduce the likelihood of that individual committing further harm or further annoyance in their community in whichever way that transpires, then actually what we need to do is take every opportunity to reduce the risks that they present rather than increase them through our systematic approach. Can I bring in Ben and then Thomas? Thank you, convener. I just, Karen, a number of months ago I hosted an event in here with Circle Scotland and ASC around their women's outreach teamwork. That was quite a remarkable evening and quite a remarkable project and I just wanted to give the opportunity if you wanted to say something about that project because I think it was quite illustrative and demonstrative of how a different approach can be successful for all. I mean they were incredibly supportive of the women, they saw them, just almost like I was saying before, they saw them as assets, but Shine and some other projects do similar things for women but they supported them, they looked at financial, they looked at everything that affected these women and I think what was really important I think with Circle was they allowed the women to think about what a different outcome might look like and where they wanted to be and then they helped them along, you know, supporting them along that way and obviously we had a lady there who'd been supported and it was transformational. I mean she was able to look after her family, she could engage in work again, she was thinking about working and you know the very fact that someone is able to again to be part of the wealth creation of Scotland to support themselves, get square money is quite a transformation and I don't think anybody who was in that room could think or that's not a good use of money or that's soft justice or that's you know not the right thing to be doing. Absolutely and I'd be happy to provide the committee with more information on that if you want and I just just very quickly you also made a point earlier which I thought was was really important about vulnerability combined so prevailing issues of vulnerability combined with a lack of knowledge in the court process I wasn't sure if you were referring because you said defence agents were very empathetic and informed I don't know if you were in saying that there was a lack of knowledge was that the judiciary had a lack of knowledge or the prosecutors had a lack of knowledge or the system didn't integrate enough to be fair agreed because promises don't come in open through with that. The pfs and the sheriffs didn't always know everything that was available the defence solicitors were very good they had researched it they knew exactly what was available and suggested it to the court. Just in terms of your question first of all convener about that issue about how we communicate particularly to victims I think the issue of consistency is really important and as Catherine said 21 days 22 days out of out of sync is maybe not that consistency. In terms of cornerstone I think that demonstrates just what we I think a few of us have tried to say here today that there's a real richness in the third sector in particular and we have some really leading examples that show we do know what works and I guess the outstanding question is are we going to shift our justice spend because again if 16% of that £3 billion spent on reoffending is focused on rehabilitation and the rest is much more reactive and punitive without the same sort of dividends then we're getting that balance wrong and there is a long term vision we need to be grasping and thinking about how we'll get there not not in one or two years but in five and ten years. I think that's an excellent point to end on and a point that we're always looking at the spend and the amount you know not a one year funding three year funding gives them the money to go on with doing the job that they do so well thank you so much that's been such a worthwhile session today we now move in to move to our next our next agenda item which is agenda item six are the members content to delegate responsibility to meet our range for the Scottish Parliament corporate body to pay on request witness expenses for the remand evidence session you are agreed thank you very much we now move into private session that concludes the public park of today's meeting our next meeting will be on Tuesday 20th of February when we'll be holding a round table session on brexit and policing and criminal justice and we now move into private session


If you are an Australian business, you can one, stay up to date on the latest business information at business.gov.au or call 13 2846. Two, look up goods and services export opportunities delivered by our free trade agreements using the FTA portal at ftaportal.defat.gov.au Three, report a trade barrier at tradebarriers.gov.au The Australian government is here to help.


Hello everybody, Andrea Trist here with Dental Tutoring. Now let's have a look inside the Dental Assisting Student Program. So this course is for students who are either starting school if you are about to start school, if you're thinking about being a dental assistant, if you're almost done in school. So this is for those who are not looking to study for the exam, for the national exam or for the board exam in any way. But this is for students who are still in school and who need help. So if you need help with your projects, tests, assignments, anything, this is what you want because I have everything in here for you, literally everything. So the first thing to do is to make sure to be a part of our private Facebook group. So I will show you guys what that's about here. So I started this about a year ago and students love it. So this has pretty much everything that you need to know and it is for members only. So mock exams as an example, there are tons in here. So if you click on comment, you will see some here. And then always make sure to click on view more because then you can actually see all of them. So let's say you have a test coming up tomorrow on anatomy. So click on that and then it will take you over here. And again, these are for members only. So if you want to learn it by testing, by matching, because I have all of your questions and answers here. But let's say you just simply want to look at them, right? So questions and answers. Click on the first one and then you will see questions and then again, multiple choice answers here. So it makes studying a lot more interesting, I think, right? Just a lot easier and less stressful. So I have that on tons of different ones. I will upload the mock exams. I typically do it once a week, a new topic or twice a week, even sometimes. Like I did the nervous system yesterday and I did the endocrine system today. I did microbiology on Sunday. So there's always lots here. Plus, we have a live case study session every Sunday at 8 p.m. Eastern time. So I do put that in here as well. I'll just kind of show you guys what that looks like. So the session links are here and that's it. Easy. And typically our sessions last about an hour to an hour and 15 minutes sometimes. But we have them every single week, which is nice. So you have if you have any questions, if you need help with anything, I am always here to help. And to have a look at those too, I put them inside your 2017 new session links here. So just click on that. So as I mentioned, we did a case study session last Sunday on dental materials. So you just have to click that. And if you want to make the screen larger, there you go. So I typically do a lecture for a little bit first here. That's me.  So it is awesome. You will learn a ton of things. So let me just make this smaller for you guys. Whoops, I clicked it again by mistake. So there's tons here. So same thing. If you have a test coming up on anatomy, just click here and I will teach you anatomy for an hour and 12 minutes. So I do a lecture. And then we will talk about either some mock exam questions, or we do new case studies about once a week. So there's always tons of stuff to learn, tons and tons of stuff. So yeah, you guys, so this is that. What else did I want to talk to you guys about? Oh, yes. So of course, the membership login area. So the modules. So I know that some of you are probably thinking, well, I like to watch.  So if you prefer that, then you want to go over here and see everything. But if you're thinking, well, I don't really want to watch anything anymore. I kind of would like to read something. So let's just click on the first topic here and do have some things to look at. So let's click on code of ethics, just as an example. So this is a pretty short PowerPoint about eight slides only. But all of it is right here. I think this is a pretty small module. So there's not too much in here. Some of the PowerPoints are longer and some of them are shorter. Now this one's actually a longer one. So 43 slides. So keep in mind, though, that each module will not only take you two hours, like if something says 43 slides or more, it will probably take you studying two hours for three days, maybe four days to learn all of it. And that's normal. But make sure to not study too much, but don't study too little either. If you're thinking of studying, you know, an hour a day, that's probably not enough. I suggest studying two hours a day minimum and six hours a day maximum. So no waking up at two in the morning. No, no, no, that will not help you. Trust me, study six hours a day maximum and make sure to get enough sleep. That is important because if you're not, then anything you're reading or watching is not helping you. And then you think to yourself, well, I just spent eight hours looking through some material yet the next day, I don't remember anything. And it's probably because you had studied too much. So if you plan to study all day, then I suggest doing it say two hours in the morning, taking a break for two hours, two hours in the afternoon, taking a break for an hour, and then doing it again two hours sometime in the evening. But that's it at the most because there is such a thing as doing it too much. So yeah, you guys, so there's lots of different topics, lots of different modules. So as an example again, so if you're in your first semester, you won't need to look at all of this yet. So only look at things that you are learning now because if you try to look at things that you're not learning yet, you'll be quickly overwhelmed. And I don't want that to happen to you. So only look through the topics that you are learning now. If you're in your third semester, you know, only look at the topics you are learning now. Because if you try to look back at everything else, you can't study everything now that you have to study for your test tomorrow or this week or next week even. So try to only look at things that you need to now. If that makes sense. But if you guys need any help, have any questions, please just let me know. Plus, if you ever have any questions, you just have to move over here again and just type in your question. Whoops, I can't spell question. And I typically answer your question within two hours. If I'm teaching, it might take four hours. So it does depend on the day. But my students can access me anytime here, anytime, like literally 24 seven. I typically had to bed around 11, no. So if you message me after 11, yes, I might not answer until the morning, but I'm pretty much always, always here. So I hope this helped you guys. And as you can see, students ask me questions all the time, which is awesome. I post at least once a day, sometimes even twice a day. So there's a lot in here to help you. Because yeah, you know, I was a student once too. And it was hard. I became a dental assistant first and then I became a dental hygienist after that. And I know it's not easy and it does help to have help. So that's why I am here to help you. So if you guys have any questions, please just let me know and I will see you all soon. Thank you so much for watching.


Alright, moving on now talking maritime and naval issues, the immediate past flag off is a command in western naval command. Rare Admiral Jason Busser has retreated his vast achievement in the past one year as he recovered over 500 million Nairworth of Petroleum Product for Niger National Petroleum Corporation and other notable resort-oriented legacies during the course of his tenure. He may be disknown during his farewell parade and official handover ceremony at the NNS B-Croft at Papa Lagos plus Steve Africa's defense correspondent Destini Momo, husband. It was an atmosphere of outpouring of emotions as the outgoing flag officer commanding handed over to his successor, Rare Admiral Yakubo Wambai. It is not what I shoot, it is an all of us shoot. That's why we say it's a whole more together. But riding on one team, it copies what Niger need. The farewell parade was a sight to behold. Rare Admiral Jason Busser, in his ceremonial outlook, listed his various achievements in his one year of service, mentioned in the 500 million Naira and NPC recovery, foreign naval visits and a notable line-up of activities given back to the catchment through medical rhapsodies and renovation of schools. It gives me great pleasure that I warmly welcome you all to this parade in my honor, marking the end of my tenure as flag officer commanding Western Naval Command. It is art woman that Operation Awate conducted a total of 1,126 patrols leading to the arrest of 74 persons. The recovery of 178,650 liters of stolen premium motor spirits that is petrol. This was decanted to NNPC storage facility. We also arrested other equipment, including 29 vehicles, valued totally at over 500 million Naira. He also spoke and his team worked legacy on what he would miss about the command. I'm going to miss the people I worked with, my officers, the ratings and civilian staff. I could not have actually a better team than the ones I had.  The ceremony was witnessed by big weeks in the Air Force, Army and the Nigerian police force. He has since resumed duty in the federal capital territory as his new deployment stipulates. Destiny Mama for Plus TV Africa.


The NRC-Adams Licensing Support Network Library how-to video series, finding a record by the LSN Assession Number. The most direct way to locate an individual record is with its LSN Assession Number, which is a unique LSN Library document address. These addresses are often found when the document is cited in another record or a bibliography. The Assession Number DN-2001-673-244 is entered into the box in the upper right corner labeled Enter LSN Assession Number. In the results section, the search engine will display the record's title, date, and a brief description of its contents. To open the record, click on the title or PDF symbol. When the pop-up window appears, click the open button to view a PDF version of the document. If you don't have an Assession Number, you can locate records using the LSN Library search capabilities. Consult other tutorial videos on the LSN Library main page to learn more. For more help, call the NRC Public Document Room staff at<PHONE_NUMBER> between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. eastern time, or email them at pdr.resource at nrc.gov.