Okay, welcome everyone to the Schubert seminar yet again. Today we have Alan Knudsen talking from Cornell and the title of his talk is the commutant of divided difference operators and the Kalashko genus. Thanks for having me. So thanks for inviting me Rebecca. One of my co-authors on this, the other Christian Gates. So, I'm going to tell two independent stories and then tie them together. The first story will be about these, these differential operators that behave nicely on Schubert polynomials as were discovered in the last few years. So, the story as it began with them was, as I understand it, wondering, what's the derivative of Schubert polynomial. When you think about derivatives of Schubert polynomials to get anything reasonable. And so, I'll remind you about Schubert polynomials and then start taking derivatives of them. So, let me start. I don't actually really think of Schubert polynomials as fundamental, even though that's what to what was the case that the people who are working on this, you know, the differential operators are doing. So, let me define, given a carton matrix A, I guess A is what I'm going to be using for type A. Given a carton matrix C, we get a ring of Schubert symbols. And so I'm just going to call it H or C. And it's going to, as a ring, it's going to be isomorphic to the, the cohomology ring, the associated flag variety. So that, you know, it's very common, so we're not so interested in rings as we are rings with bases, and so it'll have this basis corresponding to the vial group of that carton matrix. And so, what is C usually going to be? Usually it'll be of type A and minus one, so the, so that this vial group would then be a type of type Sn, or maybe it'll be a type A sub the naturals. So, I'm thinking about this versus I'm thinking about this going on forever, or sometimes it'll be A sub the integers. So I'll be thinking about this type A diagram and it goes forever in both directions. So those are the principle C's that are relevant in today's talk. Anyway, so I've got this basis for this mysterious ring in the base elements correspond, say to permutations, or maybe to permutations of the natural positive integers that don't move. They'll only move five out of any things or permutations of all integers that only move five out of any things. So the basis I'll call these guys S of pi. And these are going to be the Schubert symbols. And the multiplication is determined by the Chevrolet Monk formula. What this is some formula is not worth my writing down. It tells you how to it tells you how to multiply one of these guys by another of these guys so S of pi by S sub S of row, but specifically when the thing you're multiplying by is a generator of your boundary. So this guy's a simple reflection and S is the Schubert symbol associated simple reflection, and the Chevrolet Monk formula tells you how to multiply two of these, and then expand the basis of Schubert symbols again. In the, it's always going to be a positive expansion in the type a cases the coefficients that positive expansion will be zero or one. And it turns out once you once you say that once you say how the multiplication works, then these guys generate the ring and therefore if you know how to multiply by a generator, you know, by associativity and induction how to multiply by any of the basis elements. So that's the basis ends. And there's a particular case of this that that let's go and shoot some Berger. Considered, which is, if you consider it, or this what I said here a sub the naturals or maybe, I don't know, maybe it's the naturals plus. And zero doesn't move. It's not mathematically an interesting fact it's just traditionally when you think about SN, it's moves the numbers one through and not zero thread minus one. So, this guy is going to move positive integers and leave, and won't have the integer zero to negative infinity or it won't, or if it hasn't it doesn't move them. So, this shoes and Rosé said, there's an isomorphism of this ring with, and let me write it as a map going this direction with this polynomial ring in many variables. It's better than that. Not just a ring theoretic statements, but these Schubert symbols. Maths to these polynomials they introduced the Schubert polynomials. So I don't want to introduce your polynomials again because I think about two thirds of the talks at least in the Schubert seminar do so. And also because for me the polynomials are not fundamental. It's that I've got this ring with this with a certain basis that's really the idea. I'm going to in fact be thinking about homomorphisms from this ring to other rings, not just to polynomials. And I went scouting a bit for to find a name in mathematics for the concept that you would have a complicated ring or ring with basis, and you know homomorphism from it to somewhere else that you would then use that ring homomorphism to study and they're the name I ran into is genus. So like the Hirtsenbrook genus or the Witten genus. The genus is traditionally comes from some code board is a ring of a point, which is totally unrelated as far as I understand anything that I'm doing, but good enough for me, there's a there's a there's a notion of, you've got your complicated ring, you've got your complicated ring and homomorphism here to study this one.  Okay. Now I'm going to need the, okay so I'm going to need some operators on here and on there that will motivate the differential operator every time in a second. Up on the ring with basis, let me define partial alpha of s pi will be there'll be cases, it'll be, it's about trying to take pi and multiply it on the right by r alpha. So what's going on is I've got a permutation and I have a simple reflection like it's exchanging i and i plus one that's in these type A cases. And I say, if I multiply pi by our alpha, does the permutation get shorter. So we're the we're the things in position i and i plus one out of order, and now they end up in order. So that's the case that the length of this guy is equal to the length of pi minus one. And in that case, I want to get s pi r alpha. And if it's a, and if not, I want to get zero. Okay, so these, these were studied first these operators I'm telling you were actually studied first here. And when they're, when you think of them acting on here, and you know, right now, if you know about sugar polynomials and you know that you know how this morphism works. If you know this rule, you could carry this rule over here and discover how these partial alphas work on this side. That's a totally a historical but you could do it. And here they're acting by these divided difference operators. So on the, on the polynomial side it's kind of complicated like if you apply one of these operators to a monomial, you get a big sum of manuals. Whereas you apply one of these operators to a Schubert symbol, you get a Schubert symbol or zero. And they act easily here. And the way that let's go and shoot some Thursday, define the Schubert polynomials is basically they say they want this, and they, and they set it up so that their polynomials obey this recursion. Using the divided difference operators. All right. So, here was the observation. So, as we try and get the order of the, of the authors right so is that comical.  And David Spire and Oliver. There we go. Observe that there's this operator, nobler, which is the sum of all the derivatives. So they, they make this operator that acts on this side acts on polynomials, and they observe two nice things. One is that this commutes with the, with the divided difference operators. So that's, that's one nice thing. And the other is that when you apply it to a Schubert symbol, you get a positive Schubert symbols. So, let me rather than writing down formula for right now I'm just going to write that this is as positive. Okay. So I was interested in this terrible. So I was interested in the question. From here, what are all the operators that do this thing. That's the commute with the partials. And I want to give you a very simple answer to that, and then see like where in there, where do the, where do the differential sits right so this this guy of course it's a, it's a first order differential operator, right, so it's a, it satisfies. If you apply it to a product, then it satisfies the Linus rule. So you could ask, and I will, what are all the operators and satisfy number one. And then once you know those, what are the operators of degree negative one that satisfy this linus rule and is nobler like the only one, or are there lots of them. So, the answer about what the commutant is of the of the of the partial operators is maybe a little bit disappointing a little bit easy once you know. So, these guys, they are acting on the right now there's a simpler version of this recursion, where you just say, let's just act like that. And if you do that, then what you're really thinking about is like the group algebra of your, of your, of your value group, acting on, maybe the ring of functions on the value group, the functions that are finally supported on your, on your value group. That it just, it's just a, the, the Cayley representation of your final group. If you think about like a group acting on itself by left multiplication, the only things that can meet with that are the group are a second copy of the group acting on the other side on the, on the right by by right multiplication. So here these guys are acting by right multiplication. And so I'm going to introduce ones that act by left multiplication. I'm going to define Marshall I of as pi. And it's going to be the same formula, except it'll be on the other side as our alpha pi, where the length of our alpha pi is less than the length of pi and zero if it's more. Okay. So my theorem is that's every, every D that commutes. So it is a D is an operator, every D acting on the ring of Schubert symbols. Every D that commutes with all of the partials is uniquely of the form sum over all row of Marshall row times some coefficients. Every D sub row because it's a, because it's a big D. So this could be, this could be an infinite sum. So you might worry when you have an infinite sum, and you want to take that infinite sum and apply it to some as pi, why do you get a finite answer. And if you think about it, you'll find out it's okay that there's only five of the many terms here that will when acting on this as pi won't give you zero. So you do get a finite answer. The other thing is I only defined Marshall I for you for or Marshall alpha, I should really say. I don't need to find Marshall. I don't need to find Marshall row for you when row is a simple reflection. So maybe it should even be Marshall R alpha. There we go. So when row is a simple reflection that I define the Marshall are you in this way it's about it's like the partials but it's on the left. For the same reason that there is a notion of partial partial row for every row, which is to say, it doesn't if you pick a reduced word for row and multiply get applied together those partial alphas. You'll get a well defined thing it doesn't matter what reduced word you use exactly the same thing is happening here. These are giving well defined operators. Marshall row, based on any reduced word for row. And so those are the things that commute with the partials and everybody and everything that's a. So everything that commutes is of that form. And when you make things of that form, they're all different. They. This is what this is really about is I have these, I've got this, this algebra that is acting on this module. So the, the algebra is defined by, if you want to multiply. So if you multiply and row and the algebra, you should get zero if the lengths don't add up when the length of pi plus times row isn't the length of pi plus the length of row. And you should get to pi row if they do add up. So that was called the Neil heck algebra.  So if you put admission, the middle heck algebra is usually thought of as being finite sums of these instead of infinite sums like I kind of want. And it's not a, it's not a big deal if you put infinite sums there, it's still got multiplication. I want the infinite sums so I can say every. I want to ask them is so I can write down a formula for nobler, which is that nobler is the sum over I greater than zero of I times Marshall I. So that's a, a shorthand way or an efficient way of expressing the formula that's HPS W give for their novel. So, so far I told you what the things are that can use with partials and the answer is Marshall's. And I told you where this guy who could not only commutes with the partials, but gives you a derivation, some of you satisfies Leibniz rule, where that sits in this coordination of this commutant. So, let's, let's try and answer the question of what are all of the differential, excuse me, are all the Leibniz differentials that you can make out of the marshals. Question question. When is so I'm going to limit my to the case. Let's say, let's take alpha in simple roots. And I'm going to limit to only adding up Marshall our alphas. So, I'm not I'm going to think about about operators I can make from the marshals, but they should still be degree negative one operators like nobler is. And of course there is a more general question if you have operators that, you know, have some degree negative K, or maybe they're even homogeneous. And I didn't think about that question. We didn't think about that question. I'm just talking up to say anything interesting. So I'm going to take that and then I'm going to put some coefficients in France, and ask when is this a derivation. So this is going to be some condition on the D's right and if di equals I. So if, if we're in, if we're in this case, right so the novel. The problem is written down was in this situation, it was, it was acting on the ring of Schubert symbols, or a positive infinity. So, I wanted to ask, I want to answer this study more generally and say, I'm on some dig a diagram I take some linear combination like this. And so I'm just going to give a partial answer, because I don't have a full answer, but it's certainly necessary. That's so partial answer. And let me take C simply laced for this. It's not laced, but to, and I could state it for not so much, but this is going to be easier. It's necessary that each D alpha is one half the sum of the at the neighbors. And so I'm only saying it's necessary I don't know that if you take the D alphas that satisfy this that you will indeed get the derivation property. Again, what the derivation property is, is that it satisfies this line that's rule over here. So I don't know that if you do this, then it will satisfy that I suspect it's true but I didn't really care. How do you prove something like this though, it's very easy. You apply this guy D to s r alpha squared. Okay, so if I, if I stick this if I take both P and q. From here, I think both P and q to be s r alpha. Then I know how how s r alpha time what s r alpha times s r alpha should be because of the Chevrolet monk rule, and I plug it I plug it into there, and it gives me a condition on D and the condition turns out to be this. Okay, so what would that look like in in our in the three types are considering so I'm thinking about and minus one. A positive naturals and a all the integers. So a minus one, like let's try and do this with maybe three. So I want to have a number here. So I've got ABC. I want this number to be half of that number. Okay, so that'd be over two. And I want this number to be half of that number also so that's be over two. So I want this number to be half of the sum of those two, but it's equal to some of those two. So I find out actually be zero. So this was a really unsatisfying question in this in this case and more generally in finite type, there will be no such derivations. All right. What about if this goes on forever. So there's going to be some vector space of these right if I have a solution these linear equations, you know, that's a linear equations they're defining some vector space. So I'm going to take this thing and say, let's scale this number I have here to be one, because if it's zero, well this guy is supposed to be half of that. So that would also be zero and we keep going all the zero. I'm going to scale this to be one. So that's supposed to be half of that. And that's supposed to be half the sum of these two. And that's supposed to be half the sum of those two and so on. Okay, and we're getting novel. So this is the only option. When we're thinking here there were no options because zero dimensional space. Here there's a one dimensional space of solutions to this equation. Okay, so now about a z. Multiple of. So those are the only, the only derivations. So the only operators of degree negative one that satisfy Leibniz and commute with all the partials. You know, on the le Cougar chutes and Brigitte ring of polynomials and variables, the only options are multiples of the one that that these four authors found. And now I go to a z. And, okay, so these are connected, and then they go easily far that way in that way. So, let's start off with. Well, I'll just, I'll say, there's another solution we it's easy to figure out that. Well, there's another obvious solution now which is you have ones everywhere. And every number is is half the sum of the neighbors. And what's pretty quick to figure out is that actually, the space of derivations here is two dimensional. So zero dimensional here one dimension here, here is two dimensional, and these guys are a basis. So there's a there's a new, there's a new option. And it's called see. So, this was discovered by Nana show. This operator. And he rightly points out that it's only available in this back stable situation so that's what's going on here we're thinking about the back stable case. So, and I'd like to tell you a bit more about what he did in the back stable case, and in this language of genera, which is the plural of genius. So, what's going on in the back stable case. So, so back stable functions. Alan, might this be a good time for a five minute break. Oh, it'd be a great time. Okay, so let's do that we'll just pause for five minutes and people can also stay on and ask questions if they like.


Hello, and welcome back to another lesson. Now, of course, within this lesson, I'm going to be looking at descriptive writing, and especially five positive and five negative phrases you could use when it comes to a desert setting. So of course, you may get a descriptive writing where you find it is relevant to use a desert setting. So what I want to show you is five positive daytime phrases you can commit to memory, but equally five really powerful negative nighttime related and kind of scary setting phrases that you could use for the desert. Okay. So this is when you're writing descriptively about a desert. And remember the best way to win with descriptive writing is having these phrases as almost starters for different parts of your descriptive writing and then latching on your additional phrases to it. So let's have a look at positive daytime, really optimistic phrases that you could use when describing a desert setting. So the first phrase could be, and of course, using pathetic fallacy, the smiling sun, you've got siblings here, beamed vaults of light across the endless desert. Vaults just means rays of light. Okay. So this is really, really nice kind of opening paragraph. This is where you're establishing the setting and the weather and you're describing how the sun is kind of reflecting the sense of optimism. The smiling sun beamed vaults of light across the endless desert. The second phrase could be rising and falling like waves in the sea. The desert sand dunes. Okay. So this is describing the sand dunes as they rise and fall kind of like water in an ocean. Okay. So rising and falling like waves in the sea, the desert sand dunes, blah, blah, blah. Third phrase could be golden sand shimmered as the palm tree's emerald leaves cast a shade dot, dot, dot. These emerald leaves could cast a shade perhaps across the, you know, the golden floor, the mustard colored floor, which is also another way of describing the golden sand within this desert. The fourth phrase could be lapping gently the solitary oasis glimmered and coruscated. So this is now an oasis within the desert, right? So maybe you could include an oasis. And of course, this is a body of water inside a desert, right? And this, you know, as a result of the sun shining onto it, it glimmers and coruscates. Coruscates means like it's just another synonym for glimmering, right? As it's lapping quite gently perhaps to the breeze of wind. Now the fifth and final phrase to commit to memory would be swaying and dancing. The palm trees move together in unison. So this is describing how the palm trees are swaying and dancing together in unison. There's a sense of optimism, the sense of positiveness. Now let's look at some negative phrases if you're describing a desert setting. Firstly, stark and barren. The hopeless desert was filled with obsidian rocks. What else could it be filled with? Showing that it's barren, it's infertile. It's completely abandoned. There's nothing there. And remember obsidian simply means black, right? It's a way of describing the colour of black, okay? Again, this is creating a really negative image of this desert. A second phrase could be violent gusts of wind screeched, throwing thick clouds of sand into the air, right? So the weather, it seems really tempestuous. This is kicking up jets and throwing up sand everywhere, almost like a toddler throwing a temper tantrum. Again, this is a really negative way to describe a desert, but a really powerful way to. Third phrase could be the sun sent merciless rays of heat onto the sea of sand beneath it, okay? So you could talk about this sun throwing lots and lots of heat onto this desert. And again, remember, just because the sun shows up doesn't necessarily mean it's always positive. In this case, it's got really these harsh rays of heat, okay? The merciless, the burning whoever it hits.  The fourth phrase you could use could be a heavy haze fell across the land of burning sand, okay? So of course, this desert could be the land of burning sand. This is a really powerful metaphor to describe this desert as almost uninhabitable. It's a really horrible place.  The fifth and final phrase could be the desert's flat horizon was broken by dead bushes and thorny cacti and whatever else, right?  It's just a barren, broken horizon.  Maybe dried shriveled bushes and branches, whatever, right? So that's really it when it comes to the positive and negative phrases that you can commit to memory when writing a descriptive piece based in the desert.


The study shows that deletion of SIRT-2 in mice improves cardiac function after ischemia reperfusion and pressure overload, suggesting that SIRT-2 exerts maladaptive effects in the heart in response to stress. Mechanistic studies suggest that SIRT-2 modulates cellular levels and activity of nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2, which results in reduced expression of antioxidant proteins. Treatment of mouse hearts with a specific SIRT-2 inhibitor reduces cardiac size and attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in response to pressure overload, providing a novel avenue for the treatment of these disorders. This article was authored by Xiao Yongyang, Xiong Chenchang, Yuki Tatakoshi, and others.


Torrential rains on May 26 following a prolonged drought caused streets to turn into fast-flowing rivers in towns along Spain's Mediterranean coast. Fire services in Castellans said the worst affected areas were the towns of Benicasim, Orapazodelmar and Cabanes. They said they had carried out three rescues and provided pumping services on 27 occasions. Footage showed traffic and emergency response vehicles driving through inundated streets in the Valencian towns of Benicasim and Orapazodelmar. State Weather Agency EMET warned of accumulated rain of 12 cm over 12 hours on Friday in the province of Castellan in the Valencia region.


Okay lovely people we have a huge unboxing today. Sarah Jessica Parker unspoken. Salvador Dali Laguna. And I'm Levine Mitreson. We're gonna start off with for women. This is the cheapest perfume that I have bought. This was £2.75 and I haven't read terrible things about it so that's why I thought I should try it. The top notes are supposed to be saffron, marigold, the base saffron, marigold and citruses. And then the middle notes, the heart notes are rose petals, Indian jasmine and Australian sandalwood. I'm not sure what the difference is between normal sandalwood and Australian sandalwood but I'm sure it's probably subtle. The base notes are vanilla and benzoin. So I'm quite curious to try it. As I said it's not because I heard anything I'm just you know always on the lookout for a bargain. And okay I'm not getting anything off of the bottle so we're gonna try it on here. It's a really cute small teeny tiny size. I'm not sure I quite like this. I think it's supposed to create a microphone so that you can pretend to be singing along with Adam Levine. Okay here we go. Atomiser is not that great. There wasn't a lot of great control with it. Oh okay not too bad. It's very, I want to say mild. It's pretty, I think that this is a very inoffensive perfume. Definitely something I could see myself wearing around the house during the day. Okay I'm getting a little bit of sandalwood. Just a little bit of sandalwood. Not yet getting any rose petals or vanilla for that matter. Very mild. I mean it's not bad for £2.75.  It's not unpleasant. It's pleasant. It's just pleasant for now. I mean obviously I'll have to try it on my skin and see how we get on with it. But not too bad. I will test it again in another 10 minutes just to see if any of the vanilla's are coming through. So compared to other celebrity fragrances that are Gouman's, this is not the strongest Gouman celebrity fragrance that I have come across. This is definitely more, it's more subdued, more withheld I would say. Okay not bad for £2.75. For now I'm thinking that this is something that I would definitely wear around the house when I want to just smell nice but I'm not in the mood for something that has got strong siage or anything like that because this doesn't feel to me like it's got a you know a very very strong in-your-face burst of notes that come to you. I'm not getting the spices. I know it's supposed to be spices but I'm not getting any of the spices as well. There we go. So the next one is this red fleur from Rihanna. I love this fragrance because I got the teeny tiny little travel size and I loved it. Out of the three it had the nude red flower love always and the red flower and this. I love it. Love it because it's got a really a strong coconut vibe and it was my first ever floral shipper, floral shipper perfume that I actually liked. I've tended towards more of the Goumans. I love the Goumans but yeah I was very surprised to find out that this is a shipper. It's not as sweet as the other ones. It's very warm and it's fun and fresh. I love it. So let's just spray it on. Okay not all atomizers are created equal. This one is not necessarily the best but every time I get that it's just I love this. Why am I not wearing this today? I know it's because I'm wearing Mongolian Intense today and I love that. It's all that's sort of like my favorite but oh I love this. I love this. That's why I thought I needed to get the big bottle to add to my perfume wardrobe. Not a big fan of Rihanna but I think that she did really well with this one. So it's got notes of plum coconut. There's the sweetness that comes through from some of the fruits and there's some vanilla in there as well and musk as well and on my skin it performs so beautifully. It lasts all day on my skin. The coconut comes through even more as the day goes by and by the end of the night I've got like this musky coconut vanilla vibe going which is a little bit tropical, a little bit sassy, a little bit sultry as well. Fantastic addition to my collection. Sarah Jessica Parker Stash Unspoken. So this is the third flanket that I have got. I started off with Stash the original one the one that's got the black stripe across and I wasn't too impressed with it when I first sniffed it. It wasn't love it first sniff but then I wore it on my skin for a day and oh my goodness what a journey that perfume takes you through. It is amazing and I loved it so much. I read that it was discontinuous so I was just like oh my goodness I have to make sure that I've got a backup bottle. I had the 30 ml and then I ordered another 100 ml as well and I also decided to try the flankets because I was very impressed with that one and I tried the Preveille and that's the one with the pinkish one. I love it as well. It smells like a chance or tonder but it's just so beautiful and so I decided I was gonna might as well get instead of just staying at two out of three I'll get the three out of three and also get the unspoken. So this is what we have so it's similar to the Stash Preveille that the top notes are black pepper and quince and I like quince. I haven't come across a lot of perfumes that use quince but it's such a lovely smelling fruit and in the summer I love to have quince just in a fruit bowl and it just fills the house with this beautiful amazing citrusy musky quincey amnesia. So it's pretty cool. The middle notes are honeysuckle peony and wisteria. I'm not familiar with wisteria peonies. I don't think that they've got a very strong fragrance in real life so because you know the base notes you've got tonka, olibidam, sandalwood and musk. So this is gonna be interesting to see what this baby smells like. Okay not getting anything off of here so it's quite fruity and woody. That's the initial blast that I am getting. I'm not sure that I'm getting the notes that I've read about in this. I can get a touch of the honeysuckle just a touch of the honeysuckle. Okay it's not love at first sniff. I admit it isn't but you know what that's what happened with stash when I first got it. It wasn't love at first sniff but when I put it on my skin it was just amazing. So I'm going to reserve judgment for this. On the opening it's not too bad. It's woody you know but yeah it's a really lovely bottle. Again I initially didn't like the bottle design when I first came across stash but then the juice converted me and I love the design. So I'm happy to have this finally in my collection. So this is the third of the stash line. Okay up next is Laguna by Salvador Dali. I didn't even know that Salvador Dali did perfume so I was browsing through a website and I actually saw this. They were reasonably priced so I decided that I would try it because I actually really like the color. My favorite earrings actually have a similar color and I like I think that this is one of the most unique bottles I've ever come across. It's not pretty but I think even if you didn't know that Salvador Dali does perfumes and you saw this you would instantly think Salvador Dali. So I think that the design perfectly captures Salvador Dali's and yes this is an awesome looking bottle. I would keep this just for the bottle but when I went to read the profile for this I was just amazed because it's got so much stuff in it. So it's got top notes include pineapple, Moroccan lemon, grapefruit peach, galbenum leaf, plum, margarine, orange, raspberry. I don't know what to expect there already. Middle notes you've got Italian iris, Brazilian rosewood, jasmine, lily of the valley, and Egyptian rose. So again there's a huge mix of floral scent profiles here and then for the base notes I don't think I've ever come across a perfume that has got this many base notes before but it's got coconut, vanilla, Madagascar and sandalwood, tonka bean, patchouli, amber, musk, and cedar. So it's got eight base notes of which normally I like perfumes that have the sandalwood patchouli musk and tonka bean as a base but yeah let's let's try this. So I'm guessing from the color I'm expecting it to be I don't know aquatic I guess possibly. Right let's try this. The bottle is amazing to look at as a piece of art but it's not very easy to uphold. Right here we go some of it ended up on my finger okay. Oh wow this is unlike anything I have smelled before quite fresh. I am getting the citrus burst straight away. A little bit air fresheny maybe but those are just the top notes so it's a different time to sort of settle down. I gotta say the first sniff it's a little bit too air fresheny for my liking but I know not to judge a perfume based on the top notes so I'm just gonna reserve judgment on this until I actually try it on my skin because I've noticed that my skin kind of does different things with perfume so I will try that then but yeah it's a citrus right now what feels very strong is the citrusiness the citrus notes but yeah you know I'll reserve judgment on it but just the bottle alone is absolutely amazing but it kind of makes sense that if if it's a dali branded thing I mean I have no idea if the man himself was involved in actually coming up with this fragrance or this is sort of like the estate monetizing on his legacy but I think it does fit into the dali aesthetic of being provocative and different and unusual because this doesn't smell like any of the other perfumes that I have smelled before certainly of the same price range because that's kind of like the price range that I play in you know bargains and stuff like that but it is interesting enough for me to want to try it some more but yeah so that's Salvador Dali so this is a fragrance that I have been lusting after for a really really long time it was one of the first fragrances that I tried when I went to a perfume department and I absolutely loved it but I wasn't sure if it was too sweet or too strong and I ended up buying the flanker first the midnight rose but it is a Lancome Trésor Lanoui or Lanoui Trésor I don't know Lancome confuses me because it's got so many flankers it does get a little bit confusing but yeah I decided to finally bite the bullet and trick myself and actually get myself this so I got this because this is always mentioned by a lot of people has been a wonderful Guamon fragrance and that it is also fantastic for the autumn winter and lately I've been trying to collect some autumn winter cold weather fragrances so that I can try them out and build my begin to build my winter perfume wardrobe so we have this now in terms of the top notes it's supposed to have pear, tangerine and begumon so I'm expecting a fruity opening the middle notes we've got orchid and strawberry and we have black rose and passion fruit so this is my first passion fruit perfume and I like passion fruit although we grew up calling it granadilla which I think sounds a lot better granadilla and then the base notes okay we've got a lot of stuff going on with the base notes got praline got caramel we got lychee patchouli vanilla incense coffee liquorice kumarine papyrus it's a lot of stuff a lot of stuff but without further ado let us finally oh I have to say one thing that I don't like about these Lancome fragrances is this little thing here I feel like it just gets in the way but here we go let's see oh lovely atomizer oh love it it's still got it it has still got it so I'm getting the raspberry in the opening there I know it's supposed to be a middle note but the raspberry is strong in here and it's to me because I have the midnight the midnight trezol which I wear a lot I'm getting the same DNA there so I've got the raspberry but this one is not as musky as the the midnight so the fruitiness the strawberry is beginning to come through and you've got that hint of musk and vanilla so this is full on gumond I my gosh this is so intoxicating I just want to smell it I just want to keep on smelling it now I know that technically speaking this is supposed to be a nighttime fragrance which is one of the reasons why I was hesitant to buy it but I feel like I could wear this during the day I feel like when I put this on is because I'm feeling I'm feeling like I really want to dress up in my nice really lovely elegantly cut dress you know and I've got my big sunglasses on yeah I think that love it intoxicating and it's also got and I think it's because of the combination of the vanilla and the praline and the caramel you get this lovely coffininess kind of creeping through it's lovely I love it I'm so glad I finally I finally took the plunge and actually bought it and edited it to my perfume wardrobe so that's what we have guys these is my perfume haul sorry to my bank account but I love it I love them I love them all so much I will report back on how I get on with these if you like perfumes and you also like watching perfume stuff then please do hit that subscribe button please also like the video it helps the channel and until I see you next time guys enjoy the frequencies bye


This is the Air Force Station, Georgia's Bank, a stationary radar platform located 160 miles east-southeast of Boston, Massachusetts. Because of its resemblance to the offshore oil rigs in the Gulf of Mexico, it is called a Texas Tower. This film is a photographic report of the first of a chain of these towers to be placed along the Atlantic coast to form a radar guard against surprise attack from the sea and to act as control centers for defending fighter aircraft. Here is a scale model of the final design. The triangular shape provides adequate space for personnel and equipment as well as ample deck area for helicopter landings. And the three legs, firmly embedded in the ocean floor, provide a stable platform support with a minimum resistance to wave action. The deckhouse at the rear of the platform contains electronic equipment. On the deckhouse are three of the now famous Arctic radomes which protect the radar antennas from the effects of the North Atlantic weather. The main deck of the platform is 83 feet above mean low water. The radar antennas are raised high above the deck. The helicopter landing area and two boomed derricks are seen forward of the deckhouse. On the shore side of the platform are three microwave antenna dishes and below is a rotary scaffold for underside maintenance and repair. Frequent bad weather, strong tidal currents and the remote location made on-site construction impracticable. The platform was to be built ashore and floated to the site. Two problems were involved. Could a structure of this shape and weight be towed over 100 miles to sea and once there could it be raised into its position 83 feet above the sea? Model basin tests indicated towing characteristics would be good even with the three permanent legs and the 12 temporary legs extending 150 feet above the platform deck. These temporary legs would be attached to the platform by six brackets placed at the corners of the platform. They would be detached after the platform was lifted into place and rigidly connected to the permanent legs. After the platform reached the site all 12 temporary legs would be dropped simultaneously to the ocean floor. The problem of raising the platform from the water to 83 feet in the air would be solved by use of air jacks. Mounted around the legs the jacks would climb upward carrying the platform with them. Jacking is stopped after the platform breaks water and the permanent legs are lowered. Jacking action is then resumed. Actual construction began in January of 1955 at Quincy, Massachusetts. In order to be towed to sea the platform like a ship had to be watertight so the beginning of construction was referred to as the key laying. The main structural frame consists of three box girders visible here at the sides of the platform. These girders are 190 feet long, 20 feet wide and 20 feet deep and were fabricated here on the shipways. Inside these girders are two decks on the upper deck where the man is walking. The power plant and birthing spaces for officers and crew will be placed. Below on the lower deck will be the heavier loads such as boilers, fuel and water tanks and storage spaces. The mess halls, galley and maintenance shops will be placed in the triangular area between the girders. Here a prefabricated section is lowered into the hull of the platform to be welded into place as a part of a wall. It is interesting to note that there were no unusually large sub-assemblies as most of the fabrication was done on the platform during building. By May the platform was nearing completion and was ready for launching. The interior compartments were finished and the hull made watertight. Only four of the six temporary leg brackets were attached at this time due to clearance problems in passing through the Four River Bridge. The platform was now ready for launching. Due to its triangular shape and the off-center angle at which it will enter the water the launching would be slow and controlled. Not as spectacular perhaps as a ship rushing down the ways but just as effective. These piles of heavy anchored chain will be used as dead weight drags to slow the platform and tractors will control its movement by pushing or pulling as necessary. All was in readiness. The crowd gathered for the launching, the platform was christened. The final restraining plate cut with a torch and the Texas tower was on its way to becoming the first Air Force station to be christened and launched. The waves were well lubricated as you can see from the grease piling up in front of the skid but the drag chains were effective and slowed the movement of the tower while the tractors maintained control. The cables were paid out slowly. The platform neared the water but then slipped sideways colliding with a concrete footing. Under the platform was a jumble of wreckage, the result of a collapsed wave, a mass of splintered timbers. The workmen attacked the debris immediately but to complete the job the tower would have to be raised and supported during clearing operations. Air jacks were brought in from the fitting dock for installation and a huge floating crane was moved to the shipyard to lift the heavy temporary legs aboard. It also lifted this mobile crane onto the deck to assist in setting the legs. The mechanical gripper rings were placed over each leg well. Then two air jacks were placed on each of them and the lifting bars connected. These bars secured the jacks to the platform. Sections of the temporary legs were picked up from barges alongside the platform and lowered into place through each pair of jacks. The platform was now ready for lifting. After connection to air compressors the controls on each jack were operated manually and the platform was raised high enough to remove the last of the wreckage. Old pilings were sawed off, crushed lumber hauled out and cast aside. After the area beneath was completely cleared the platform was lowered. And the next high tide with the help of tugs it was pulled clear and floated. The launching was complete. During the night the platform was tied under the huge hammerhead crane at the fitting docks in Quincy. Here the permanent legs were added. The lower section is a steel cylinder 15 feet in diameter and 62 feet long. Upon reaching the site these will be sunk 45 feet into the ocean bottom to form a stable base for the platform. A lower section was placed in the well on each corner of the platform and fastened into place by steel pins. New sections of the permanent legs were brought aboard. These were 10 feet in diameter and were lowered about one half their length into the center of the larger sections. The two and one half foot area between the two will be filled with concrete for additional strength and permanence. During this time additional 65 foot sections were being added to the temporary legs to bring them near their required height. The sections were checked for alignment and the seams welded both inside and out. After the alignment brackets were cut off and wells were ground smooth to allow the jacks to pass freely over the joint. Each permanent leg was encircled by a steel bridge which span two jacking columns. These were firmly attached to the deck on each side of the leg. A jack was then placed on each column inside the bridge. Thus two jacks six feet in diameter could be used on the permanent legs. This bridge was fastened to the leg by steel pins so by jacking the bridge up or down on the columns the platform could be raised or lowered. The hammerhead crane then added more permanent leg sections. Due to crane height limitations the final sections were to be added at the East Boston shipyard. Except for the final height the basic leg installation was now complete. 15 foot diameter leg sections, jacking columns, jacking bridge and main leg. The darker sections of the legs will be in the splashed zone on the completed tower and are Manel clad to resist corrosion. The platform was now ready to move to the East Boston shipyard for final fitting out. On an early morning in mid-June the tower was passing through the Four River drawbridge on the way to East Boston. At this hour local bridge traffic was light. Since the tide was slack there was no current to fight while maneuvering the tower through the span. It was a tight squeeze. Clearance was less than two and a half feet on each side of the platform. Ample reason for leaving off the remaining temporary brackets until reaching East Boston. Overhead clearance was also critical if the legs had struck the bridge span a great amount of damage would have been done to both. But with the tugs pulling and maneuvering the legs cleared the span and the tower emerged unscathed. With a blast of the whistle to signal the bridge operator to close the span the tower proceeded down the river. By noon it was approaching the East Boston shipyard. The tugs were pushing now in order to jockey it into its prepared birthing space. The lines were thrown over and the Texas tower was secured for final shore side outfitting. The last two temporary brackets have been added and the jacking assembly and temporary legs have been installed. The massive equipment that will be needed during lifting at sea is in place on the deck house. On the main deck is the jack control panel. From here all the jacks can be operated singly or in unison. With a 12 temporary legs installed the jacks were put into operation. The weight of the platform forced the legs deep into the mud at the same time raising the platform. This lifted the deck cranes up to a height where they could add more sections to the tops of the legs. As additional sections were brought aboard and welded into place the tower was raised further. And the final sections added to the temporary legs bringing them to their full 195 foot height. Underside details were also added at this time. These permanent well extensions add an additional 10 feet of bracing to the underside of the platform. Preliminary concreting operations were performed here at East Boston. The annular space between the inner leg and the outer case arm was filled with coarse aggregate and concreted by pressure grouting. Due to weight limitations during towing the cutting edges of the main case arm were filled only to a depth of 14 feet. To make up for time lost during launching at Quincy the top section of each permanent leg was not installed but brought aboard and stowed for installation at sea during jacking operations. The platform has now been lowered and is ready to be towed to sea. The equipment on the deck house was checked for storage and everything secured for the voyage. Last minute adjustments were made to the platform and when the orders were given the Air Force Station, Georgia's bank was off on its first and last ocean voyage. Underway the platform was towed by two tugs each with a separate tow line to the platform. In the harbor where maneuvering was necessary there were also tugs pushing but these dropped back when open water was reached. The tower soon passed the limits of Boston Harbor and slowly proceeded to sea. The average speed for the trip was three knots faster than expected as the sea was smooth. The tower arrived at the selected site at night. With the help of the bear, a ship from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, it was accurately positioned and anchored for several hours to await a favorable tidal current. Then the twelve temporary legs were dropped in unison and jacking was started. By morning the tower was jacked up enough so that it had stopped bouncing with the waves and was starting to clear the water. As soon as it reached this stage the permanent legs were gradually lowered. This took 1,800 tons of weight off the platform and afforded six more jacks for lifting. Aboard the tower all were busy. The core drill took samples of the bottom to confirm that the ocean floor was the same as the original borings, a dense gray sand.  The tower was well clear of the water and the work barge has been towed out and moored alongside. The barge carried additional construction materials and supplies to the site. The top section of each permanent leg was welded on during the jacking operations bringing the legs to their full length. When the tower was jacked high enough for the deck cranes to have access to the top of the permanent legs, a six inch diameter dredge pump was hoisted up to be lowered through the leg into the caisson. To sink the caisson to its required depth, high pressure water jets washed the sand from under the edges. The weight of the tower then forced the legs into the resulting hole.  Water for the jets was pumped aboard through these temporary water pipes by large centrifugal pumps on the deck edge. By this time the tower was almost at its full height. Work was being speeded for hurricane conditions were forecast and the tower needed the permanent legs in place and secured for final strength. This tanker brought extra fresh water for concreting operations and crew use. It was pumped aboard to tanks in the platform. The L-Sall, an ocean going tug, was used to ferry men and supplies to the tower from Boston 160 miles away. The dredge pump broke down while working on the first caisson. The assembly was dismantled and hoisted out of the leg. Instead of waiting for repairs, a clamshell and deck crane were pressed into service and finished sinking the three caissons. The storm was getting nearer. Personnel not vitally needed aboard the tower were evacuated using the basket, the only means of getting on or off the tower. The full force of the storm missed the tower, however, and work soon got back to normal. But the men were not breathing easily as yet, while the hurricane season was far from over. The cement grout for concreting was mixed on deck. Cement used for fill purposes only was mixed with salt water. If it was classified structural, fresh water was used. The tower is at its full height. The rotary scaffold has been installed. The bridge and jacking columns have been removed, the caissons filled with aggregate and the permanent legs welded into place. Then the pump forced the grouts mixed to the consistency of waffle batter into the bottom of the caissons, filling the voids in the aggregate from the bottom up. When the jacking columns were cut off, they were lowered into the main leg and used as forms. The space between the column and the leg was filled with a structural concrete to give additional strength to the leg. The pipes embedded in the concrete are to bring water aboard for use in the finished tower. The temporary legs were no longer needed, so the jacks were lifted off and one by one the brackets cut loose. Then the entire assembly was pulled out of position by the tug-L saw and towed back to Boston for storage and use on future towers. Now that the temporary legs have been removed, the side portions of the deckhouse can be built. Pre-fabricated plates were extended over the sides at the rear of the platform and welded into place. Bulkheads were erected and the basic hull of the platform was now complete. The legs are in place and welded solidly. The tower has become an island. The radio towers, the framework for the radomes, and two of the three heavy steel protective fenders are now installed. On November 17th, when the seas were getting rough, the tug-L saw and the smaller M Moran arrived at the tower with an inspection party for what was to have been a three-hour visit. As the inspection party was being hauled aboard the tower in the basket, the weather became worse. The seas had become so rough that the skipper of the M Moran had to head for port. Finally it got so bad that even the L saw had to head for calmer waters, leaving the inspection party stranded on the new and untried Texas tower in the midst of a surprise northeaster. This storm developed suddenly and had winds of hurricane force with waves over 60 feet in height. This would be a test of the strength of this new tower. During the night the two fenders broke loose from their moorings where they had been hoisted supposedly beyond the reach of the waves, and 80 tons of metal crashed against the legs of the tower. The ladder of the rotary scaffold was caught in a lowered position and was ripped loose. But the tower itself had withstood the worst North Atlantic storm in years, a storm in which two ships had disappeared without trace, yet it had sustained only minor damage. Here is the Air Force Station, Georgia's bank, as she stands today. Tall and proud, she is a monument to the engineering genius and the inter-service cooperation so necessary for our national defense. A lonely sentinel guarding against a sneak attack.


Hi to everybody. My name is BB Aguerrevere. I went to THI in 2006. I'm so glad to be here. Thank you, Debbie. Thank you, Anne, for the invitation. And I'm here to talk about the Latin American Board of Cardiovascular Profusion. I'm going to share some slides here. First, I wanted to say hi to my colleagues, class of 2006-07. Hi to Rashid that is still working at THI. And to talk a little bit about the Board Latin American of Cardiovascular Profusion, first of all, we have to start talking or speaking about what is a lab, which is the Latin American Profusion Association. It was born in 2014. And by now it has approximately 1100 members. So we're talking about a whole continent. So what we did with was like we sectorized it by regions. That's how we got organized in the profusion committee. There are approximately 1000 profusionists through whole Latin American. 700 of these profusionists are from Brazil. Brazil makes a huge part of Latin American and it has to be said that they have been well organized as a profusion community. And they are added to this whole movement and also to the board. To speak a little bit about the height, the hallmarks and personalities from Latin American in the cardiac surgery field, we can talk about Dr. René Fabaloro, father of the cabbage surgery, Dr. Castañera, pediatric surgery, a deep jet in from Brazil, which describe the switch, arterial switch or jet and surgery. Maria Elena Sousa was a profusionist hallmark in Brazil, Tyrone David is a doctor who is from Brazil and Pedro de Del Nido works in Boston Children's Hospital he is from Chile. So there are a lot of great personalities in Latin America that has had a positive impact in the profusion and also as well in the cardiovascular surgery community. So we decided to organize our profession after a lap, gather all the profusionists and formalize our profession, as you Americans did with the American Board of Cardiovascular profusions. So we're going to be called PCC instead of CCP because of the Spanish configuration of the language. So what about what was going on in the world so we have the American Board of Cardiovascular profusion we have the European we know we have the Indian Australian etc. This is how we communicate with the Latin American profusion community. We talked to them we went to meetings through whole Latin America. Telling telling them how it was done previously in other countries. Okay. The first two we got huge collaboration from them specifically specifically from the American Board of Cardiovascular profusion. Here, we can see in our first meeting in Bogotá Colombia we can see a member it was the director of the board by then at Delaney. And we are very thankful with that because he gave us a lot of like guides how to put together this huge program. The other person who is next to him is Carlos Garcia he's the president of Spanish profusion society, and he helped us very much to get together this project as well. So they kind of set up our standards and we didn't invented anything in this project we're just following steps from the European, and most likely from the American Board of Cardiovascular profusion. So that meeting, Ed and started inviting us through the liaison panel at the annual meeting in from the board, which is most likely sometimes is in NAMS sector and American Academy. So I've been going to those meetings and we have been provided with informational support from the ABCP, which it has been a lot of help for us. Not only through the logistical point of view, but also for credibility so our community we're not talking about just only one country it's a whole continent. So they we needed them to believe in us who were we why do we want to create the American Board of Cardiovascular Latin American Board of Cardiovascular profusion. So, to see that the ABCP providers help in how to put together this steps and the European board as well has helped us enormously through this process. We had to explain what the board was to everybody through the continent. We established we said and maintain that is the board is established and maintain the highest standards in the field of cardiovascular diffusion. We established the concept we focus the concept in quality and standards. We introduced the steps. And also, we talked about the requirements for jobs specific for every country in Brazil with these people not a different language from from the rest of Latin American with which is Spanish. So, there was a lot of questions, if this was going to change their jobs or their salaries so we have going to explain it further. Few drawbacks in terms of what was the board had to and what had to do with them. For example, the, the jobs, the requirements for the jobs. We explained this the steps, same as the Americans step one certification step to recertification. And we got Brazil by endorsement through an endorsement that was signed in 2019. They have a board already but they were interested in having the Latin American board of cardiovascular profusion as well. So by endorsement, all of those Brazilians who have the Brazilian board will have the Latin American board of cardiovascular profusion. We established a joint or a board, and we're ed, we asked him to be at the beginning of the foundation of the project as external external liason, and he has always given us informational support on how to get this process going along. We understood that this project was going to be successful if we mixed all the unbalanced the board with the members of all of the countries. So that's what we did. As I was telling you we had a few drawbacks that we were following steps of the Americans and the Europeans, but you did it in the 80s, the 60s, the 70s. There was no internet and by now, you just say something and boom it's everywhere it's in one second, it went everywhere to Colombia to Argentina. And what we got, we got fear, we got comments if this was going to impact on their salaries. Some people said it was unfair because they went to a profusion school and while we were taking those who were on the job trained and most of them were not convinced. Some of them had economical problems to sit for the boards and pay for the boards for the platform for the boards. So we, we, we had a few drawbacks, I had to call a few times and tell him that this was impossible. And he said that if it's just 20, just go ahead with 20. And, and he was right. And the board, the American board was right and given, given us some, you know, lights on. There's a process that once it starts, it's there's no way back. It's always an improvement in the, and the profession, and people will start convincing on their own and as time time passes by. So we created a web page. We also have an app and application for cat profusion calculations via to do to, and you can upload your documents and, and the app. So we combined the app and the process of of how to give your career or send your credentials to sit on for the boards. So, for the, what was the, we're gonna, we were going to evaluate in the, in the test are the same topics of the core of the curriculum of the profusion schools in the states. We asked we gave them support through our YouTube channel where we have recorded all of our different symposiums and and conferences, so they can have it for study we created a blog and every Monday at 7pm we had classes in formal classes and at the beginning they were like 20 people connected but then they were massive like 100 and 160 every Monday and at the end we we gave 10 questions and they will stay up to whatever the meeting lasted. Just for the questions it was very excited. So it has generated a sense of partnership, and it has been really interesting on how can you just putting up a topic and say, today we're going to talk about myocardial protection and how this little blog that we created it made it interactive. So people started talking so those that had fear started convincing that this was investing on your own, nothing else but your own career and and your future. We also have journal, which is called on pump, and it was given for them for them, like you can study also from from the journal. The test is not going to be for Brazilian profusionist. So we decided to structure the test in two steps. Step one, basic science of profusion and step two, clinical activity of profusion, most likely like the American board as well. And we divided it's it's going to be online. And it's already the test is there it's going to be in two phases and it's going to be first in one date in in Maine, and the other day in September. For two years we're going to be including all of the profusionist from the community from the Latin American community, even though if they were on the job train or had an informal training or if they came from a profusion So this is only going to be for two years after 2023, you have to be graduated from an accredited school or at school with university program. Okay, so at the end, when the profusionist are certified, we're going to have two types of certification because due to the huge community of Brazilians profusionist we decide them for the Latin America we're going to call them PCC for the Spanish acronym of certified clinic clinical profusionist and for Brazilians they're going to be called CPC. So it's going to be most likely like a form or a way to distinguish if it was by endorsement or if that person sat for the Latin American border cardiovascular profusion. For the recertification program, it's a huge project and that it's coming after this certification and is basically what the Americans have as recertification that is in two steps. Step one, every year 40 clinical cases with with a specific features that you can be assistant or you can be sitting for us cell saver only for two cases, etc. And we added there was a huge concern about not making or not being able to do the 40 cases you know the pandemics and some places the economical status they don't have they don't they don't make 40 cases per year so we're launching to a program that is a platform for to do 20 cases in a virtual simulation platform only for cases. And this way we can go ahead with the process because the either other ways it was to drop the cases down to 20 so this is a way to make sure that the person has either either 20 cases pumped or 20 cases done in a simulator of a real clinical cases where he has to make decisions of what to do. And we also have the step two which is every three years, and with be related about the educational CEOs, and it's basically the same we have categories category one, two, and three 45 every each So to finish, I wanted to tell you about the profusion schools accredited actually by the Latin American proficient society, we don't have the, the Commission of Allied health committee as yes you Americans have, but so far a lap it's like the organ who accredits which profusion school has the program that a lap says is the is the correct program. So basically, right now it's the profusion school, which is a master's program, I'm the director of that program it's in the Dominican Republic, and it's in a cardiovascular center, and it has the university. It's called National Pedro Enrique Urena, it's the university who gives you know the certification, and the other one is in court in Brazil, which is a certificate. And this are my students and as I was telling you I went to Texas hard I told them in a meeting that I'm. And I had to tell her that I use the profusion evaluation sheet that I got in Texas hard so I translate into Spanish. This is what we use in the profusion school they have to pump 80 cases it's a two year program. We have had students from Panama from Ecuador from Peru, and from locally from Dominican Republic. Thank you very much I wanted to thank Texas heart specifically specifically all of my teachers, but most likely Terry crane for me was a person who marked my life as a profusionist and when I went back to Venezuela I was scared. I didn't know how was was to, I was going to do as a profusionist. I ended up moving to Dominican Republic I lived, I have lived here for eight years. And well, life gave me the opportunity to start a master's program here in profusion. And I really have to say that it's inspired in Texas hard. I'm going to invite you all to our second Latin American profusion conference, which is going to be in September 16 and 18 in Costa Rica. It's a very good program, and very well prepared. It's going to be in coffee place in a coffee.  So it's going to be this year you're all invited. And also I want to let you know about your journal that which is called on pump. And we make publications every for four times every year. Thank you very much for the invitation again. And thanks always for being there for us. So we can guide our steps in this huge program, and this project called the Latin American of profusion. Thank you very much to all. Thanks for the invitation. Bye bye.


The occasion is the Geographic Information Systems or GIS and National Spatial Data Infrastructure or NSDI Exhibition. GIS is a computer system used for storing and displaying geographic information. NSDI is a mechanism using policies, standards and resources to collect, coordinate and share that information. Cadastral International is a government mapping agency and land registry from the Netherlands. So we are now working together with the Department of Physical Development and Urban Renewal on the further development of spatial data infrastructure in St. Lucia. And in essence it means making sharing of geospatial information possible and improving. Data gathered with the technology has the potential to improve infrastructure planning, housing, disaster preparedness, traffic management, emergency services response time and even agriculture. So we just put on display our drones. So this is actually a drone setup for one of the drones. We have the monitor there. We have the controller, the drone itself. And all these are accessories for the drone. And if you look across here, we also have on display videos of drone shots, drone footage we have used and maps we have done around the island to aid in disaster preparedness, post disaster monitoring, sagasum monitoring and also flooding and riverbank stabilization and many other fields we use the drone technology in. Geospatial data can also be received from satellite images, weather data, cell phone usage and census data. Geospatial data could be used for anything. It could be used to develop proper road networks. For example with the recent flooding over the last week, it could be used to do something like a demo of where would be floodplains and what would be the effects of flash flooding in specific areas around St. Lucia. It also could be used into developing a better housing scheme. Utility companies such as Lusilec have already begun to incorporate the technology into their operations. If you call them with a fault, for instance, and you're able to give us the poll number that you are connected to, we could show how the guys are able to zoom to that poll and see exactly where you are located to send out the dispatch group. Technology company MAP and IT Solutions Limited highlighted the potential of public and private partnerships in development. Today we showcase in an application that we've written for the fire department. It manages the entire operations within the St. Lucia fire service from the time call comes into the fire service to the time the firemen are dispatched to their different locations, to the work that they do in the field, and when they come back to office to do the assessments. NSDI is an initiative of the Disaster Vulnerability Reduction Project, or DVRP. DVRP's aim is to reduce St. Lucia's vulnerability to natural disasters. This is Jacques Hingson Compton of the Disaster Vulnerability Reduction Project.