Water electrolysis is a non-spontaneous process with the Gibbs free energy change being positive under the practical temperatures and pressure conditions. However, the Gibbs free energy energy change it becomes negative at temperatures about 2000 Kelvin which are very harsh conditions to operate at. In the last class we have seen the major components of the electrolytic cell which is the basic unit of an electrolyzer and we have seen that it has two electrodes an electrolyte and a diaphragm separating the two electrodes. Now these electrode and electrolyte they have an interface depending upon the cell configuration and at these interface the various electrochemical reactions take place. There is an external supply connected and this is to adjust the Fermi levels of the electrodes. So the redox couple reactions can take place. Now in this the electrons flow through the external circuit and the ions flow internally into the electrolytic cell. There is a separator and this separator performs two functions one to physically separate the two electrodes at the same time the product gases which are released at cathode and anode to prevent the intermixing of these gases. So that hydrogen from the cathode side can be collected and oxygen from the anode side can be collected separately. So this is what we have done in the earlier class these components can be connected in different possible arrangements. Basically there are three such concepts which are there of arranging these components in an electrolytic cell. The first one the first concept is that of a gap cell in which there is a gap between the separator and the two electrodes. Now this is the simplest and the most conventional type of the arrangement concept wherein the distance between the electrode and the separator is such that the products or the gases which are formed they are evolved. And it is low so that the ohmic resistances across the electrolytic cell is lower. Now in this arrangement the major disadvantage is the products which are coming out or the gas bubbles which are released they form a sort of thin film onto the surface and that is a resistive layer which is formed on the surface thereby it limits the current density which could be achieved in this particular configuration. The second concept is that of a zero gap cell where the separator is pressed across the two electrodes. The electrodes here are porous with electrolyte present in the interpolar region and this separator has a zero gap with respect to the electrodes. Now in this particular arrangement the ohmic losses are low compared to the gap cell and as such high current densities can be achieved at lower voltages in this particular configuration. And this configuration is used for alkaline water electrolysis. There is a third concept which is primarily for the polymer electrolyte membrane based electrolyzers where the separator is a membrane and this membrane selectively allows the ions to pass through. This membrane on both of its surfaces has electro catalytic porous electro catalytic layers and then it is pressed across the current collectors. Now in this arrangement we can achieve higher current densities and higher efficiencies. So these are the three possible arrangements of the various components of an electrolytic cell. Also we have seen in the last class that the minimum required voltage for the electrolysis to take place which is V reversible is 1.23 volt. Now in this voltage the various components of the reacting species are in the gaseous form. So water is present in the water vapor form. However the required energy for converting into water vapor if that also comes from the electrical energy and the process becomes isothermal. So under these conditions when it is the cell is not taking any heat from the surroundings or it is acting in an isothermal condition then it is known as thermonutrile voltage. And its value is 1.48 volt which we have seen in the previous class. But under this voltage the in actual condition the process occurs at a very slow pace. This can be accelerated by applying an extra energy or an extra voltage and this extra energy or extra voltage which is required under practical conditions under real operating conditions is known as over voltage. Now there are two reasons for existence of this over voltage. One is because of the low conductivity of water which can be increased by adding salts, acids or bases. And it is also because of the large activation energy barrier which is for the splitting up of water and that can be addressed by appropriate selection of electro catalysts. Under practical operating conditions when the current densities are higher for higher hydrogen production the required cell voltage lies in the range of 1.8 to 2.05 volt. Now under these conditions there are several irreversibilities involved in the cell like there are resistances offered inside the electrolytic cell by the various components. There are resistances towards the charge transfer towards the charge transport and all those result into voltage drop. So these voltage drop can be across the electroactive layers present between the various electroactive species and the electrode surface. It could be because of internal resistances inside the electrodes. It can occur at the interfaces where the charge transfer occurs. It can be within the solution across the diffusion layer near the electrode surface which is arising because of the mass transfer limitations. So in the previous class we have seen that there is a compact layer then there is a diffuse layer. So there could be voltage drop occurring because of the mass transfer limitations. Also during the transport of ions in the bulk electrolyte there will be an additional resistance which is offered or within the cell separator. Now all these factors they contribute towards voltage drop within a electrolytic cell under practical operating conditions. So under that condition the overall cell voltage is a sum of reversible cell voltage. Another term which is arising because of the ohmic resistance or losses within the cell, third term which is arising because of the activation over voltage and the last one because of the concentration over voltage. So the total cell voltage is a sum of all these voltages. First one is a thermodynamic reversible voltage which has a value of 1.23 volt. Second one which is an ohmic over voltage this is arising due to the ohmic losses within the cell which is because of the electrical resistance offered by the various components of the cell. These could be electrodes, the interconnections, current collectors and this particular part of the voltage over voltage. This is proportional to the current flowing in the electrolytic cell and it is having a linear nature. The third term which is the activation over voltage which is arising because of the electrode kinetics. This is the energy barrier which charge carrier has to overcome when it moves from the electroactive species like the reactants towards the electrodes and vice versa. So an extra energy or an extra voltage is required that is to cross this energy barrier by the charge carriers and this comes in the form of activation over voltage. And this activation over voltage this show has a logarithmic nature. The last component which is the concentration over voltage this arises because of the mass transport limitations in the electrolytic cell. Now the products which are formed if their concentration is higher than the reactants at the interface to the products which are formed are not removed at the pace at which the so that the reactants reach the interface so that the reaction can take place. In that case there are concentration over voltage is resulting. Now if we look at the typical current voltage characteristics where cell voltage is plotted against the current density then we can see that there are 3 regions in the IEV characteristic. So the first region which is showing a logarithmic nature this is arising because of the activation over voltage and this activation over voltage dominates at the low current densities and the ohmic over voltage is very less in this particular region as such it is logarithmic in nature and thereafter there is a linear nature which is observed in the IEV characteristic. So in this linear region the activation over voltage potential is less dominated than the ohmic over voltage which is offered by the electrical resistance of the various cell components. Now in this linear region which is also proportional to the current flowing this is depends upon even the surface area like this is much more dominating in the large area industrial scale electrolyzer this ohmic over potential could be very high in that case. And the last region where after this linear region there is a rise that is because of the concentration over voltage or the mass transport limitations in the cell. Now the various thermodynamic potentials that are calculated which we have seen in the earlier class these are calculated under equilibrium set of conditions. In the equilibrium set of conditions we mean that there are no irreversibilities involved but in actual practice the cell voltage it is required is sufficiently higher because of the various irreversibilities in the cell. These are arising as we have seen because of the resistances of the different components because of the activation over voltage because of the ohmic over voltage and this over voltage can be related with the current density using the Tafel equation. So the over voltage is given by A plus B log I where A and B these are characteristics of anode and cathode and I is the current density offered. So in its terms we can write that the cell voltage is equal to the reversible cell voltage plus the over voltage which is the activation over voltage plus the concentration over voltage plus the current flowing through the cell and the total resistance arising because of the various components of the cell. So this is how the overall cell voltage the total cell voltage is related to the various over voltages and the thermodynamic reversible voltage. Now the kinetics of electrolysis in the absence of any mass transport limitations the charge transfer kinetics at the interface can be given by the Butler-Walmer equation where the current density is given by the exchange current density times this quantity which is exponential beta nf upon RT eta minus exponential minus of 1 minus beta nf upon RT eta where beta is the symmetry factor, n is the number of electrons exchanged in the process, f is the Faraday's constant, r is gas constant, T is the temperature and eta is the charge transfer over voltage. Now I0 which is the exchange current density which is expressed in ampere per centimeter square for the half cell reaction this is the major kinetic parameter and this determines the efficiency of the charge transfer process. This is an intensive property, higher is this current density the more reversible the reaction will be and the more efficiency of the process will be. So the best electro catalyst are those which gives high exchange current density. Now till now we have seen the different components of electrolytic cell and then how what are the thermodynamics, what are the kinetics, what are the cell voltages involved in a single electrolytic cell. Now these, hundreds of these electrolytic cell can be combined together to form a stack, electrolysis stack. Now there are different confirmations in which these can be combined like there are the two well known combinations are unipolar or parallel arrangement of the electrolytic cell and the bipolar or series arrangement of the different electrolytic cell. There is a third combination also possible which is a hybrid one. So some cells are connected in series, some cells are connected in parallel however hybrid combination is not preferred arrangement in an electrolysis stack. Now let us look at these cooperations the unipolar or the parallel arrangement wherein each electrode is having a single plurality in each of the electrolytic cell. This is also known as a tank electrolyzer. So although there are simplified connections so as such it is simple to connect it is robust but it requires more of space since there are several connections involved so there are more of losses involved in the arrangement and it can also result in non-uniform current densities because the internal resistance of different cells may be different. Now there is another arrangement where the different electrolytic cells could be connected in series. So negative of the first connected to the positive of second and same way. So the bipolar or series arrangement it is also known as filter pressed arrangement. This is little complex in terms of the arrangement however it is compact and a high current density could be obtained using this particular combination. The most widely used combination is the bipolar or the series arrangement and in this the voltage of the stack it depends upon how many number of cells are there in the stack and it is number if the each of the cell has V cell voltage then it is N cell V cell however the same current flows through the stack as that of the individual cell. However here the current obtained in the unipolar or the parallel arrangement is number of cells times the current passing through the individual cell in the unipolar arrangement. So the most widely used arrangement is that of the series combination or the bipolar arrangement. Now when we have a stack then the obvious question is how much amount of hydrogen we can produce using that particular electrolysis stack. So the Faraday's laws which relates the amount of hydrogen which can be produced based on the amount of charge being transferred that could be given by the rate of hydrogen produced can be given using the Faraday's law as so the hydrogen production rate which is in terms of normal meter cube of hydrogen being produced per hour it is given by the Faraday efficiency neta F times N cell I cell. So if there are N cells number of cells being connected in the stack each of the cell is having a current flowing of I cell upon Z F where Z is the number of electrons being transferred to in this case F is the Faraday's constant and then there are certain quantities to convert it into normal meter cube per hour. So this is the amount of hydrogen which can be produced using an electrolyzer. Now the first term here which is the neta F this is the Faraday efficiency. This is also known as the current efficiency and it is defined as the amount of electric charge which is required to produce a certain amount of hydrogen under the ideal conditions. So the ideal quantity of the electric charge required to produce a certain quantity of hydrogen under ideal situation to the electric charge which is actually consumed in producing the same amount of hydrogen using an electrolyzer. And this quantity is usually less than 1 so its value is less than 1 and the reason for this being less than 1 is as compared to the ideal situation the amount of energy consumed is always higher in case of the actual practice. This is less than 1 because of the presence of different parasitic currents these parasitic currents they actually flow through the electrolytic cell but they do not contribute towards the hydrogen production and if they participate or they may participate in the unwanted reactions or if at times certain amount of hydrogen is being produced that may be lost it could not be collected in the process. So as such if the electrolyzer is operating at a rated production capacity then usually this value of the Faraday efficiency is less than 1 and typically max it can it can be even 0.95 or even slightly more than that. Now this Faraday efficiency or the current efficiency this is different for the different electrodes. The anode at which the oxygen evolution occurs or the oxygen reduction reaction occurs this is always more demanding or the reaction is much more slower than the hydrogen evaluation reaction which occurs at the cathode side or the hydrogen oxidation reaction that occurs onto the cathode side. Now this can be again represented by on the anodic side the Faraday is constant and the rate at which the gases are evolved times the current actual amount of current being consumed and same it is on to the cathodic side. Now this it is desired that the gases which are evolved in the process of electrolysis they should not intermix or there should not be a crossover like the hydrogen which is being produced onto the cathode side can go on to the anode side through the separator membrane or diaphragm and can either it can combine with oxygen or it can reoxidize and that is an undesirable phenomena because it not only results into loss of the electrical work which we have provided so as to produce hydrogen and oxygen gases at the same time it increases the heat dissipation into the cell and that makes the process inefficient reduces the efficiency and all this crossover arises because there is a non-zero solubility of these gases product gases oxygen and hydrogen which are produced in the electrolyte at the same time the separator which is being used that also has a non-zero permeability and because of this crossover it reduces the Faraday efficiency in the electrochemical cell. Now how much amount of energy is consumed in an electrolyzer to produce a certain amount of hydrogen is given by the specific energy consumption. So the specific energy consumption which is C e here it is in kilowatt hour per normal meter cube of hydrogen being produced and this is given by the amount of energy consumed to produce hydrogen divided by the amount of hydrogen being produced. So the amount of hydrogen being produced in the denominator. So this is an integral over a period of time of a product of n cell the number of cells in the electrolysis stack current flowing through each of the cell and the voltage of the cell that is being integrated over a period of time delta T 0 to delta T and in during the same time the amount of hydrogen being produced is there in the denominator. Now when we consider this in the electrolysis process the specific energy consumption however the under actual conditions there is more energy consumption because of the different auxiliary units which are there the different auxiliary components in an electrolyzer these could be walls these could be sensors these could be purification systems which are used cooling systems which are used and then there can be power losses involved in the process. So the actual amount of energy which is consumed is higher than the in the case of electrolysis in the system the global hydrogen production system at the same time the denominator which indicates the amount of hydrogen being produced that also may have certain losses. So the hydrogen which is being produced may undergo losses at the different walls at different interconnections and all of that may not be collected at the purification system also. So if we consider all those the added amount of energy which is required by the auxiliary components and the power losses involved in the numerator and at the same time the various hydrogen hydrogen losses are included in the denominator then the specific energy consumption will be different from this particular formula and then it becomes the specific energy consumption from a global hydrogen production system. Another important parameter in an electrolyzer is the efficiency of the electrolyzer. Now if if it is an energy efficiency then it is the minimum amount of energy which is required to split one mole of water to the actual total amount of energy required. So if it is in terms of Gibbs free energy then the reversible cell voltage upon the actual cell voltage or it could be in terms of the enthalpy energy efficiency in terms of enthalpy. So this is the thermonutral voltage divided by the cell voltage. So this is the thermodynamic voltage divided by the actual amount of energy required or the actual cell voltage. Now in ideal conditions the when we are calculating the various thermodynamic voltages these are calculated under equilibrium conditions when the system is reversible. So under equilibrium condition the energy required under reversible conditions is equal to the energy required under irreversible conditions and in that case the energy efficiency of the cell becomes one. However the actual cell efficiency is given by the amount of energy required under reversible conditions divided by the energy required under irreversible conditions. So the denominator accounts for all the irreversibilities involved in the process. In actual practice always the W reversible so this is less than the W irreversible the amount of energy required because of the irreversible processes is more. This is because of the parasitic resistance the various resistances electrical resistances involved the various over voltages that requires additional energy in the process. So the energy efficiency of the cell is less than one. It can also be represented in terms of the energy content of the products which are formed to the total amount of energy which is required to produce that product. So the products formed are here hydrogen and oxygen and the amount of energy which is required to produce these products this can be given by the higher heating value of hydrogen being produced. So the amount of hydrogen which is being produced its higher heating value divided by the specific energy consumption in the process into 100. In higher heating value can be taken as 3.54 kilowatt hour per normal meter cube but this higher heating value is taken in low temperature electrolysis process where water is electrolyzed. However lower heating value has to be taken for high temperature electrolysis process like solid oxide electrolysis where the water vapor is available for the electrolysis process to take place. Now if we if we consider all the other losses all the additional energy requirements in the expression then the efficiency under that conditions is known as the global hydrogen production system efficiency. So again the energy required including all the peripheral components and the losses then it becomes the actual efficiency of the electrolyzer. To summarize this portion we have seen the various configurations in which the different components of electrolysis unit can be connected and how these electrolysis cell can be integrated together to form an electrolyzer stack. Also we have seen the various over voltages which arises due to the ohmic losses, concentration and activation losses in the process of electrolysis. We have seen what is the efficiency of an electrolyzer and how we can improve onto the energy efficiency and that can be done by reducing the irreversible losses like the different over voltages and the resistances involved in the process need needs to be reduced. These over voltages can be reduced if we select an appropriate electro catalytic material especially on the anode side because the oxygen evaluation reaction is more demanding and slower compared to the hydrogen evaluation reaction. We have also seen the kinetics of the electrolysis process and the gaseous products which are released they can also undergo crossovers or intermixing and that result in loss of the electrical work at the same time it can result into heating due to recombination and this is more prominent under high current densities and high operating pressures arises because of the this condition arises because it is non-zero solubility of these gases inside the electrolyte and non-zero permeability of the separator. In the next class we will see the different configurations, different electrolyzer technologies which are there in detail. Thank you.


if you're listening to this on youtube this episode is one week delayed up to date tech show but friendly episodes are on spotify apple podcasts or google podcasts this is tech show but friendly hardware sugars podcast and i'm your host Anton and if i don't sound like my usual self that's for two reasons one i'm using a different mic i usually use my elgato wave one for these podcasts but now i'm currently using the mh670 and why am i using the cooler master mh670 because i'm not at home and why am i not at home because i'm in quarantine because i finally got covid so starting off the podcast on a personal note i've taken myself away from my usual setup because i had to leave the house quickly so as not to infect anybody else so i'm currently using the asus pro art laptop as my primary computing communications device and the cooler master mh670 so basically the computing hardware that i could remove from my house and bring it to where i'm quarantining now the pro art is actually pretty good and asus lent us the laptop because we're coming up with a video on how to be a content creator if you're constantly on the go and i wanted to test what it's like to have a laptop that's geared towards content creators and content production so asus kindly lent us one and the timing could have been more perfect well it's never really good timing to get covid but at least when i had to vacate my usual setup quickly there was a relatively powerful computer tapped up on hand so thanks so much asus for that one but my voice does sound a little weird i mean my voice is always a little weird to begin with but i think the cuff has kind of crept into my voice i don't know if it it sounds a little congested i think on playback thankfully though the symptoms have not been that bad they've all been mild so i'm just more concerned about making sure that no one else in my family will get infected from me hence the quarantine but moving on to actual tech news we start out with the big headline for this week the hack of gcash if you remember last week's episode we talked about how the p&p got hacked and the dict spokesperson was like no no the dict didn't get hacked which is true there was no hack in the sense that there was no unauthorized entry into a security system and it's similar that's the same situation we have here for gcash there was no unauthorized entry well there was unauthorized entry but it wasn't forcible entry kong baga and that's why i like how all of these p are guys whether they're from government or from the private they're very they're very anxious about being clear that wait wait this wasn't a hack and it's really just a matter of semantics at this point it's not very useful information to say that oh it wasn't a hack because there wasn't forcible entry but in the case of gcash as interestingly like what happened to linus let's say a month ago when unauthorized persons gained access to his google account or the youtube channel's account in the case of gcash based on the info that they're releasing the affected individuals the affected users clicked on a link sent via text and when you click on that link the perpetrator or the scammer on the other end is able to see what you're typing into your phone so they're able to get details and with that once you log onto your gcash normally like you do have and with that when you log onto gcash normally like you use your normal pin they're able to see the pin and then they're able to link the account to a different device and that's how they were able to gain access to be fair yes not really a hack more like a phishing episode and that is what the gcash spokesperson or corporate communications whatever and indeed when you're clicking on links it's just not very good it security behavior i'm super interested though to figure out how they were able to send a link because globe in particular has been very anal the past few months about restricting all links even legitimate links anything with a url type of globe would label a spam and not send it but apparently these users did get a link they clicked on it and then the perpetrator on the other end had access to all of their keystrokes and whatnot and that's how they were able to siphon out money from the affected gcash accounts for perspective globe says that around 1000 accounts were affected by this and there are over 80 million gcash accounts so a very small number of users were affected globe is quick to point out that no one's money was lost because they immediately closed off the transfers or nullified the transfers and this happened monday as part of a greater scheme it seems to transfer money to particular accounts because one account in east west was tagged as well as one account in aub where the proceeds of all of these transfers were being sent to so bottom line there was no hack it seems a failure of the user and no money was lost you do kind of feel for globe because on one hand it really wasn't their fault this was all not great it behavior or it usage from the end user but on the same time if you're the end user that's very little comfort to you that you're being told that hey you know it's your fault but we'll take care of cleaning up your mess and gcash was down or a lot of its services were down well into the week we were trying to move some money legitimately from our gcash account to pay our suppliers and just couldn't for several days because the system was under maintenance or you know they had to redo or undo these transfers there is a definite bad guy here and those are the bad actors the scammers the one sending out those links the ones siphoning money from innocent users to their own accounts and that's really how a few bad apples spoil it for the rest of us i mean 99% of all gcash users are legitimate but they're the ones who get affected when things like this happened to be honest not blaming globe also like i didn't blame the pnp in last week's episode it is hard it on scale is even harder and perhaps the most hardest or the most difficult portion of the whole it sequence is the end user you know you tell the end user don't click here don't believe in that free ram download don't give out personal information it's the digital i mean giving out that information is a digital equivalent of taking off all your clothes and running naked in the mall that's something that nobody does but clicking on strange links giving out personal information posting personal information like oh here's my driver's license with all of those little details i'm gonna post it on my facebook we have a lot to catch up on in figuring out the new digital sanitation or best practices hygienic digital best practices for end users in gp the news colorful is offering a trade-in program and that's one of the most requested programs we've ever come across in hardware sugar a lot of people ask us do you guys hardware sugar can we said in our whole hardware to you and then you'll give us credit for it and then we'll then we can buy new hardware unfortunately we just can't at this point as a small retailer our economics of scale just aren't there i mean to be honest we we're not even barely making it we're in the red so our economies of scale are not there yet even for normal retail operations let alone to carry on a trade-in program but colorful the brand a brand that we like a brand that has sponsored us and a brand that we carry in the shop and that we recommend to our customers is offering a rebate program a trade-in program which is great a lot of our car companies here now do that naging uson na sa atin although that kind of practice was prevalent in the us like decades before we finally adopted it here but the catch is unfortunately the colorful trade-in program is not is not applicable to us it's only applicable to users in china if there are any plans to have it applied to other countries other territories i will ask our colorful contact and let you know but for now perhaps the second best option if you're a hardware sugar customer we only offer this service to hardware sugar customers is that you can send old hardware to us it doesn't need to be hardware that you bought from us it can be any old computer hardware that you want to sell and we're going to keep it in the shop and we're going to post it on our second hand list which does get a lot of traction a lot of people visit it to look for good deals you still set the price and we will send you the entire price if we're if we manage to sell it correct if we manage to sell it so we don't get a cut at all bit difficult on it it's really a bit of a hassle to be honest to maintain the second hand parts list especially because the shop doesn't get a cut and we get a lot of requests oh can you check out this second hand case can you see if all the screws are there does this ram have this particular chip or something to be honest the dealing with the second hand requests can even take up more of our time and the inventory we have to make sure that we remember who owns which part and how much they listed for and things like that the logistics can get overwhelming for a project that we earn zero pesos from and it's even a negative again because we have to spend so many man hours on it but we like doing the second hand list because it's something concrete that we feel we can do to help the environment for one that's less e-waste and number two it's also good for the consumers because a lot of second hand parts are still very good and the performance is still very good bako yung maniwala sa mga kumpanya na palagi nagsasabi na oh you need the latest and the greatest and it's also good for the sellers because if they want to upgrade later on or if for whatever reason they don't need a computer anymore then at least they can recoup some of the costs that they put into their computers from gpu to cpu with the surprising news from intel that they would be foregoing the classic i3 i5 i7 i9 or the more precise terms are the core i and an insert number but in a new announcement intel mentioned that moving forward with meet your lake which is their 14th gen they would be calling it the core ultra and it's not entirely clear if they will be using the same naming conventions as the i3 i5 i7 i9 whether it will be completely something else and it's also the announcement was a bit confused because it wasn't an actual announcement i think it was just mentioned in an earnings call or something so sort of like as an aside that for meet your lake that that for meet your lake only i3 and i5 chips are coming out which would be really weird i mean when they come out with the next gen they usually populate the entire series from the three five seven and nine so it's unclear to me what this news means that only three and five will be available for meet your lake meet your lake is not a big jump for intel it's rumored to still use the current lga 1700 socket so that's the same socket for the 11th gen the current so that's a socket for the 12th gen the current 13th gen and the upcoming 14th gen which should be out by the end of the year so still a lot of uncertainty on what's going on there whether what products this naming change will be implemented on and what kind of products can we expect from meet your lake because from 12 to 13th there wasn't a big difference there wasn't a lot of improvement but that wasn't bad per se because the 12th gen was already pretty good they just kind of built on a good thing with the 13th gen and it's nice that you have motherboards that were still intergenerationally compatible we had a lot of customers by intel 13th gen but with a z690 saving a bit of money instead of having to go with the z790 instead of having to go with ddr5 because intel 12 and 13th gen still allowed you to use ddr4 unlike amd's latest platform am5 which does require ddr5 which is a bit more expensive than ddr4 so confusing asides from intel they are not doing that great in terms of profit also i understand that they're going to be cutting more jobs their cpus though have been pretty good starting from the 12th gen onwards actually sort of going to to value for money and performance wise against amd and of course if we have team blue news we also need to have team red news and it's also bizarre news for team red amd announced that they will be producing the 3000 g cpu chips again so we're talking about the 3200 g and the 3400 g no news yet if these will be the classic chips from 2019 i think was when they came out or if they will be slightly upgraded and the speculation is that amd is producing these new old chips because they need to get rid of old stock of motherboards and actually it's been weird because it's quite difficult already to find x570 boards so for top and am4 builds x570 is becoming quite rare but to jive in with the speculation what probably still has a lot of stock are the really old boards that say the b450s a320s and amd in a bid to help liquidate these old motherboards needs to find a cpu that could be paired although the g series from the 5000 series are pretty good and they are compatible with the b450s and a320s at least at least that is the case if i remember correctly there's a little bit of confusion sometimes i forget which ones are not compatible but i think if my brain has unfogged up from covid all of those are still compatible with the old motherboards b450 a320 all you need is a bios update so interesting to so interesting move kind of bizarre actually from amd why not just produce more of the 5000 series cpu's reduce their price it's also unclear what price these new old 3000 g chips will have and back in their time they were pretty good value for money but you know they are almost four years old and we're not even sure if they'll come with any updates but amd has confirmed that yes we will be pumping out more of those old chips lastly in gaming news indonesia and singapore were the title finalists for the gold medal in valorant for the southeast asian games currently happening in singapore one but with some controversy as the indonesian team pulled out they refused to play so they were already engaged in the match but then there were some technical difficulties and then the match dragged on for 11 hours they had to stop it i don't know the reports i read were a bit confused but ultimately the indonesian team pulled out because they accused the singaporean team of cheating now i'm no valorant expert so again it's a bit hard for me to parse the news but there was one particular agent in valorant which has the ability to set up cameras or viewing points and the indonesian team alleged that the singaporeans used that even though that was banned even though that wasn't allowed and there were screenshots of the indonesian specifically asking the organizers like you know is this allowed and the organizer saying no so the indonesians pulled out and the singaporeans won by default although in a later announcement at least in the news released at iso it was declared that the indonesians would be declared also co-winners of the gold medal so super confusing again i'm not super big into the esport scene or valorant but i always try to keep track of how mainstream games are becoming the difficulties in having them become mainstream and the rules and leagues and the difficulty those leagues have implementing those rules although i would have thought with a computer game as long as as it wasn't a hack or you know outside software anything running within the game would be allowed i'm also not sure what happened to our valorant team but apparently it was indonesia and singapore who are fighting for the gold medal and singapore has won by default that's all the news i want to cover for this week thanks so much for tuning in to another episode of tech show but friendly i apologize for the audio quality hopefully next week i'll be back at my usual place with my usual hardware with my usual voice until then thanks again for watching stay safe have a good weekend or have a good day whenever you're listening to this oh yes and before i go i do want to point out that hardware sugar is having an extreme may sale cpus gpus and mobos all of those three hardware components all of our stock is at super reduced price like talagang katabing katabindan niya yung dealer price sobrang dit na lang ng markup namin we're doing this because i just wanted to experiment on how big a burst in volume would be if we lower the price super low in most cases logina kami dito because the markup can't cover all of our additional expenses like our labor costs our rent cost but again just an experiment and you guys will benefit from that experiment because these prices really are super good you can check them out on our website thanks for lending me your ear


Hey, hey, from CSAW and welcome to feedback and assessment. A consistent and ongoing feedback loop is one of the most powerful influences on student achievement. Feedback offers students a plan of action so they understand what is needed to meet their goals. Monitoring student progress allows teachers to understand what individual students need in order to grow as learners. This continuous loop is a foundation for student learning. Let's learn about how the features in CSAW allow you to give feedback and assess student learning more easily. In this training, we will explore how you can send back student work with actionable feedback for students to continue working on and how teachers can easily monitor progress with CSAW skills. While reviewing posts, CSAW for schools teachers can provide feedback and send back a piece of student work or can provide feedback and send back work that has already been approved so students can continue to work towards meeting their goals. A great time to give feedback is when you're reviewing and approving posts. Leave a comment with your feedback and then tap the orange Send Back button above the post to send it back to students. Remember, you can leave a text or audio comment. If work has already been approved, you can also use the comment tool to give constructive feedback that supports students to meet their learning goals. Just find the post in the class journal and leave your comment. Then, on the approved post, tap the three dots and choose Send Back As Draft. Either way, student work will be converted back to a draft. In the Journal tab, students will see their work with this new orange bar letting them know it is now a draft and can tap Edit to continue working. This allows for a continuous learning loop which supports students to reflect on their learning and revise their thinking. Students will also be notified in the Notifications tab that their work has been sent back from their teacher. Students can tap on this notification and tap Edit here to view the feedback and make changes. Or students can go to the To Do tab under Activities and tap Finish Response. Comments open automatically within the post so students can review them before completing the activity. This allows students to easily see the feedback from you without having to toggle to the Notifications tab. Students can hide the comments while they work and then easily reopening them by tapping on the comment icon next to Draft. Meaningful and actionable feedback supports students to reflect on their learning and encourages them to meet their goals. When teachers align their instruction to standards, they are better able to track progress and support each student's individual needs. CSAS Skills and Progress Skills View are premium features that help teachers provide and track standards aligned instruction. To get started, let's learn how to add skills. CSAS for schools teachers, your admin may have already added skills for you. If not, consider asking them to bulk upload skills via their admin dashboard so that all teachers have access to the same skills. If you need to add skills yourself, open class settings. That's the wrench icon. Under the Progress section, tap Manage Skills. Then tap New Skill. Type the details of the learning standard and then tap the green check. Your skill is added. Continue adding a skill for each learning standard by repeating these steps. Next, let's learn how to tag skills to activities and posts. To tag skills to student work that has already been posted to the journal, tap the Skills icon on the bottom of the post. Select one or more skills to tag, choose a rating, and then tap the green check. You are now on your way to tracking student growth. Tag skills show at the bottom of each post. Students and family members do not see tagged skills, just teachers. Going post by post is time consuming. Save time by tagging skills when assigning activities. When assigning an activity, tap Edit Students, Folders, Skills. In the Skills tab, select one or more skills to tag to the activity. Tagged skills show at the bottom of the assigned activity. When students respond to the activity, their posts will be tagged to the skills automatically. Once skills are tagged to posts, give ratings to track progress towards standards. We recommend giving ratings when approving posts. When you tap Review, you see tagged skills at the bottom of the post. Simply select your rating. You can also tag and rate additional skills at this step by tapping the graduation cap. Another easy way to give ratings is via the Activities summary view. In the Activities tab, tap the gray bar on an activity. Tap on a student post to review. While reviewing, tap on the skills icon at the bottom of the post. Select your rating for your skills tagged to the response. You can also tag and rate additional skills at this step. Regularly, tagging and rating skills in CSOT allows you to track and support student learning. Let's now learn how you can view all ratings in one place so you can monitor student progress. Skills View shows student skills ratings, giving you an ad-a-glance summary of mastery. Access Skills View in the Progress tab next to the Notifications tab. First, you can filter by date so you're able to view ratings for a set period of time. Just tap the dates in the upper left corner, select to the start and end date of the ratings you want to view, and tap Done. Now you only see skills tagged to posts for the dates you chose. Hover over a skill for more details. To hover, move your mouse over the skill, but do not click. The colored icon shows you each student's most recent mastery rating for each skill. The number next to the colored icon indicates the number of posts by the student tagged to that skill. Hover over a rating for more details, including the rating for each post by the student tagged to that skill. Tap on a rating to view the posts. You will see all posts by the student tagged to the skill, showing progress over time all in one place. For more specific views, use the filtering controls on the right. Filter by student, groups, folders, and skills. You can even generate a shareable skills progress report by tapping on a student's name. This is the skills progress report. Under each skill is the date and rating of posts tagged to that skill. You can copy or print this report to share with students and families. Skills and progress skills view are only visible to teachers and administrators, so make sure to share the progress report with students and families so they can view student progress and growth. CESA helps you create a consistent and ongoing feedback loop that allows teachers to understand what individual students need in order to grow as learners. You did it. You learned how to send back approved work with actionable feedback so students can continue working towards their goals and how you can progress monitor student work in CESA. Interested in more trainings? Visit our learning hub at learn.cesa.me and our training page at web.cesa.me forward slash training.


What is going on everybody? It's Stas here. Welcome back to another video. So in this video, we're going to be talking about the top five stocks and ETFs that I'm watching in the third week of December in 2018. So for all of you guys that are new viewers here, my name is Stas and I make videos dealing with swing trading, day trading, long-term investing, and my personal philosophies and strategies when it comes down to investing in trading in the stock market. So for those of you guys that want to learn more about that, feel free to drop a like, leave a comment, subscribe and follow me on Instagram as well as on Twitter and join our Discord group chat as well as our Facebook group. All of those are linked down below in the description box. And if you guys want to be in contact with me and about 350 other investors and traders on a day-to-day basis, join our Discord group chat. I guarantee you guys will find value in there. It's a very helpful community. We're talking about trading, investing stocks, news strategies and just networking and helping each other become the best possible traders and investors on a day-to-day basis. So if you guys want to be a part of it, again, all of the links are down below in the description box. And let's get started with today's video. So before I do talk about the couple of stocks and ETFs that I'm watching and looking to trade for this upcoming week, let's just briefly go over what happened this past week and the past couple of trading days in the stock market, basically looking at the overall indexes, the Dow, the S&P and the NASDAQ. And I do this in every single video, guys, to get a broader perspective of what is going on in the overall stock market because this really dictates what I'm going to be trading. Am I going to be trading large cap stocks when the market is bouncing back up or am I going to be trading some market ETFs that go up in price when the markets are falling down or am I going to be trading some inverse ETFs? So, you know, the understanding of the overall direction of the market is super, super important. So let's get into it right now, starting with the Dow Jones very quickly. For all you guys that have been paying attention to the markets this past week, you saw that we had a couple of green days in a row. We had a consolidation day. Then we had a very strong red day this past Friday. And the Dow Jones, guys, we dropped about 500 points, ended up closing the day at 2% of a loss, right? And I made a video last week, I believe, or the previous week talking about how the Dow Jones broke below a very critical support level on this 184-hour chart, which was at about $24,500. And we can see that ever since it broke below that support, guys, that pretty much, you know, led it to continue this downwards trending pattern of making lower lows and making lower highs that it's been on over the past couple of months. And obviously, from the beginning of October, guys, we peaked out at about $27K. And from there, it's been a downwards fall in terms of the Dow Jones. And we can see it based off these trend lines here that it's trading in this channel of, again, lower lows and lower highs, meaning lower highs here, lower high from the previous high, lower high here from this previous high at about $26,200, and lower lows in terms of, you know, this low here at $24,500. We failed to make another low here. And this is why this support was very, very important. And once we broke below this support, that is where we made, you know, that lower low that pretty much continued this downwards trending pattern, this downwards trending channel of the Dow Jones. So, you know, what I'm looking for this week in terms of the Dow Jones, guys, is if we do have another couple of red days, let's say, and we do get closer to this bottom part of this channel, I'm going to be waiting to see if we might have some bounce back days in terms of, you know, having a couple of green days in a row at the bottom of this channel, or maybe even right here at about $23,800, or maybe even $24,000 flat. So, I wouldn't really be surprised if we potentially sold off again tomorrow, and then we had a couple of bounce back days, maybe back up to this 50 SMA, right, before we either continue to go down in price or we broke back above to head to the top resistance part of this channel, which at that point would be around, you know, $25,000, maybe around like $25,200, like right around here, if we were able to bounce here and push back up. So, you know, right now, guys, my personal opinion, we might have another red day, another couple of red days, before we do end up having a couple of more green days to push us back up towards the top of this channel, but again, keeping an eye on the markets and understanding what is going on in the macro perspective is going to really help you understand and look into, you know, other options in terms of stocks, ETFs, and what to really trade in more of the micro perspective, because again, I gave this example in a couple of videos ago where, you know, the indexes are like the macro of the stock market, right, like the macro economics of the United States is, you know, the macro perspective and the micro is the small businesses made up of the United States, right, you can really just use this example in the stock market as well, looking at the Dow, the NASDAQ, and the S&P as the macro, and then looking at the stocks that comprise those indexes as the micro. So really understanding the major, you know, the macro part of the stock market is going to help you understand what to trade in terms of the micro, which is, you know, the stocks. So, you know, looking at the S&P 500 very quickly, we closed the day at about 2% loss, minus $50 has passed Friday and very similar to the Dow, we had a couple of green days, a consolidation day, and then we finally broke below this support level this past Friday at about 2630. And for those of you guys that have been paying attention to the markets, the past couple of weeks, you know, we've been trading in this horizontal pattern for the S&P with the resistance at about 2800, right around 2800 to 2820, and a support at about 2630. So the fact that we broke below this is a very key technical indicator that we might continue to fall down in terms of the S&P and potentially start the new year, you know, pretty much at around 25, $2600, you know, in the next couple of weeks, right? So the fact that we broke below here, you know, that gives me a technical perspective, right, that we might continue to fall down in price. So the fact that we're pushing down here, not a very good sign for the overall S&P 500, but you know, let's take a little look at this one year chart very quickly to see an even broader perspective. So the fact that we broke below this support, which was a support a couple of months back, this was back in actually April, the next support we want to keep an eye on now is at about 2575. And this is a support from back in, what month is this now? This is early February 2018. So almost a year ago, and another support at about 2575, roughly the same range as this one. And this one was in the middle of March. So, you know, we're getting we're getting to those levels of, you know, the lows of the levels that we saw in February and March of last year. So this is a very, very critical point. And the next resistance that you should all be keeping an eye on for the S&P, and it's a seriously very, very important, you know, technical area for the S&P 500. And now that we did that with the S&P, let's go back and do the with the Dow Jones very quickly. Let's take a look at what's going on here. So now we're pretty much hovering at, you know, from this one year chart, we're hovering at the support that we were at, you know, in the middle of June, a couple of months back, which is right around, you know, $24,000. So if we break below $24,000, guys, again, not a very good technical indicator, but the next support at that point is going to be at around $23,800. So keep an eye on this chart, the one year, one day, because we're headed towards very key support levels in the Dow, in the S&P, and in the NASDAQ, which I'm going to show you guys right now. So very, very important. So, you know, again, NASDAQ, guys, we were down about 150 points, I believe at the close at Friday, we were down about 2.3%. I think the NASDAQ closed a little bit further below all the other indexes. But in terms of this one year, what's this one year, one day, I believe, right, yeah, one year, one day chart, we're, again, at a very critical support for the NASDAQ as well, right? We're at a support right now at about 20, or not 20, at about $6,600 flat. We can see the support from a couple of months back. Again, this was in the middle of, what's this month, 4.20, yeah, in the middle of about April of 2018, we were at these levels. And, you know, the next support is going to be at around $65.20, which, again, was a little bit before this previous support. And this was more towards the middle of April of 2018, right around here. So, these are very important support levels. And then, obviously, the next one's going to be right around here at about $6,400. So, keep an eye on these guys, you know, if we do have a couple of more red days, you know, these major indexes are going to be testing some serious support levels from a couple of months back, you know, mostly, you know, in the middle and to the middle and beginning of 2018. Those are the support levels that we're going to be testing next for the overall markets. Now, let's talk about a couple of stocks, top five stocks and ETFs that I'm watching for this upcoming week and really for the rest of December, heading into 2019, this January. So, the first one I'm going to be talking about in this video deals with the natural gas future, the natural gas commodity here. And that is D gas. So, just today, I believe, natural gas broke a serious support at about the 50 SMA here on the one year, one day. And also on this 180, we plowed through that 180 SMA a couple of days back. So, now that the natural gas future broke these critical levels, I'm going to be focusing my attention to D gas, because, again, D gas is an ETF that's going up in price when, you know, natural gas is selling off. So, the fact that natural gas is looking like a falling knife right now, and, you know, we just got the price of what it is now, because the futures markets open, I believe, 6 p.m. Eastern Standard Time on Sundays, and we see that it's down another 17 cents, you know, this could lead into tomorrow's trading session and Tuesday's trading session, if it continues to fall. And that's going to be a very key, you know, reason why D gas is going to be going up in price. So, you know, keeping on this 180 SMA on D gas, because that's a strong resistance over the past couple of months, and we could see it here, right guys. So, you know, from about $75 or $78 that we closed that, there is some potential to go back up to maybe a $100 range if natural gas continues to fall. But, you know, since natural gas has fallen so much, we actually could potentially have a bounce back up, right, which would open up opportunities for you gas. So, the whole idea here, guys, is to play it by ear and see what happens pre-market hours tomorrow, and, you know, what the natural gas future is going to be doing, because if we're looking at this on more of a technical basis, yeah, natural gas is a falling knife right now. Yeah, it's down about 18 cents since 6 p.m. Eastern Standard Time when the futures market opens. But we see here that it's actually extremely oversold on the RSI, and again, D gas is extremely overbought on the RSI level. So, you know, we don't really base our decisions on one indicator, but the fact that we do see this, you know, this could be a warning sign or a sign, right, that natural gas could be pushing back up in price. It could have a potential pushback up maybe to $380, maybe to $390, maybe even back up to $4 before it does continue to fall up, or fall down rather, or continue to go back up in price.  So, that's the first one I'm watching. I'm really watching both of these guys, D gas and U gas, for the potential bounce back play on U gas, or the continuation downtrend on natural gas, which would make me trade D gas, right? So, those are the first two that I'm watching that combo right there. Another one that I'm watching that's looking seriously amazing on a technical basis is UWT and DWT. And UWT right now, guys, is looking very good on a technical basis. And we could take a look at this closer on the 20-day one minute, or one hour, excuse me. We can draw out a very solid support here, right? And then a very solid resistance on UWT. Well, there's two resistances here. The first one's at about $1480, right? And the second one's at about $1580. And this one correlates with crude oil slash CL for those of you guys that don't know. And pretty much how this works, guys, is whenever crude oil is going up in price, UWT is going up in price. And vice versa, whenever crude oil is going down in price, DWT, which is the inverse to UWT, is going up in price. So, if we take a look at crude oil, and I'm sure a bunch of you guys already know this, but for all your new viewers out there, maybe you don't know about this, crude oil has gotten slaughtered over the past couple of months, right? We saw it peak at $77, and it's shopped down all the way to $50, which is actually one of the biggest losses crude oil has seen in years, guys. So, this sell-off was ridiculous, right? And we found a support at about $50, and that's very solid support over the past month or so at this point, right? We bounced, and we could see it closer here on the 20-day, right? We bounced at $50, and we held above there pretty much for like 10 different occasions, right? Here, here, here, you know, we dipped a little bit below it there, but we came back up, we held it here, held it, held it, held it, held it, held it, and now we're actually holding it again, and remember that futures markets open at 6pm, I believe 6pm Eastern Standard Time, and we see that it's actually trending up as we, you know, as we speak right now. So, the fact that we're holding above here, we consolidated here, and now we're pushing back up, that gives me even further incentive to potentially trade UWT tomorrow, because we do have margin here on CL to get up to at least 53, which has been the previous of resistance, and we do have another resistance here at about $52, but even if we move up to $52, guys, that's going to give us a solid 3-4-5% margin on UWT, you know, if we do end up staying at these levels. Obviously, you know, if we move up here, you know, pre-market hours, and we won't be able to catch that move, but let's say we do stand here and maybe break a little bit above here to $51.75, we might be able to catch that move up to the next resistance by the time the market opens, or for those of you that trade pre-market hours, you could potentially catch the move as well, but you know, if you're trading pre-market hours, guys, liquidity is sometimes an issue. There's not that many, there's not as many people out there filling orders, buying pre-market hours as there is, you know, during the market, right? This is something that a lot of people get, you know, messed up on. If you're trading pre-market hours, you know, you can set an order at, let's say, a limit order, and it doesn't get filled or something, right? Or you get filled at a different price than you put in your order, right? This happens because there's not as many buyers pre-market hours as there is, you know, during the market. So just a little heads up and little tip there for those of you guys that don't know about that. But, you know, I'm going to be watching this one very closely because, again, we're testing this 50 SMA right here resistance. If we break out of that, then break out of the 180, which is the next, you know, UWT is going to be a solid, solid play. And, you know, DWT, this past Friday, had actually a 10% day on this drop from this resistance at about $52.50, down to the support at about $50, and that was able to push DWT, I believe it was like 10, 11, 12% this past Friday.  Because if we do break out of this resistance guys on crude oil at about $54, you know, we can have a potential push back up into the $60 range, maybe back up to the $70 range. And that is a huge, huge move for crude oil and UWT is going to be flying off the walls if that ends up happening. Because if we take a look at UWT very quickly before we talk about the next ETF and stock that I want to watch, you know, this ETF was once like $100, not $100, like $50, right? From $50, it tanked almost like, you know, a fifth of its value. Now it's a fifth of what it used to be nearly, you know, a couple months back. So, you know, we could potentially start to push back up and test, you know, the $20 range, $30 range, $40 range, maybe back up to $50. Who knows? But if crude oil breaks that $54 resistance, which could happen, that's a huge technical indication that we're going to be pushing up in price, or we're at least going to start pushing up in price, right? So that is what I'm looking at in terms of these two ETFs, UWT and DWT. So another couple of ETFs that I'm watching for this upcoming week. And if you guys have been following me for a while, you're in the group chat, you know, I talk about these all the time. And those are TQQQ and TVIX as well as SQQQ. And these are market ETFs.  I'm sure they have a different name. But, you know, these are the batches that I call, or the batches of ETFs that I call market ETFs. And you can see that here on my watch list. And these are pretty much all the ones I'm watching. If you see here TVIX, that is one that I trade all the time. And I've been trading this one as the market has been extremely volatile. And this is one that goes up in price when the markets are selling off. And I traded this one this past week. I believe I made 7% on one day. I lost 2% on this one in another trade. And I made back 1.8%. I believe on one day. And then I made another like 2%, 3% this past Friday on TVIX. So I've been very active with this ETF.  You guys have seen this in all of my videos pretty much. I trade a bunch of the same ETFs and stocks because this is what works for me, right? And the fact that the market has been ridiculously volatile, it's been flying up 500 points one day in terms of the Dow, you know, going down 700th the next day and swinging all the way back up before the close of the market, you know, it's back to the break even. We've been seeing some insane volatility, which has led to a bunch of big moves for these ETFs. So the fact that we broke a critical support in the S&P and a critical support in the Dow Jones, you know, I still see some further red in the overall markets, right?  I believe this volatility is going to continue for a couple of weeks, a couple of months, until this trade war is settled. And if this is not settled, guys, you know, for another year or something, you know, we could be experiencing this volatility in the markets for some time to come. So judging off what happens pre-market hours tomorrow with the futures of the markets and what stocks are looking like pre-market hours, I'm either going to be trading TQQQ and a case that we do have a market bounce back, which I do think is possible since we broke below the support. We could potentially have a bounce back day, right? Or scenario number two, if we continue to sell off, which again, I think is very, very possible, you know, TVIX is going to be a spectacular play again. So from $53, guys, TVIX does have margin up to about $60, which does give it about a 5, 6, 7% potential for profit. But this is why, you know, I stress it very, very often in my videos and pretty much every single video that you must, must, must do your pre-market analysis. You must understand what's going on with the futures pre-market hours, stocks before you really, you know, dive into what you're going to be trading that day in terms of these market ETFs, right? Because if we see tomorrow that, you know, the Dow's down 150, 200 points pre-market hours, you know, that could be an indication that we might have a red day, right? And, you know, we've seen the Dow fall 800 points in a day in the past two weeks, right? So if we see that, guys, you know, that could give you the indication, okay, today might be a day to trade TVIX, right?   That could be an indication that we might have a bounce back day tomorrow. We might have a couple of green days in a row or one green day, right? On a bounce back. And that could be an indication to trade TQQQ, right? This is an ETF, again, that's going up in price when the markets are going up in price. So TQQQ, guys, TVIX and, you know, SQQQ, very, very important to study these, understand what's going on pre-market hours with the overall markets to really see what you're going to be trading that day. So, you know, in terms of ETFs, guys, that's pretty much what I'm watching today, right? And, you know, for this week, you know, very important, a bounce back play on potentially DGAS or UGAS, UWT, I'm most likely going to be trading this tomorrow, guys, because this is looking very good on a technical basis as of right now. And, of course, things can change up till now. From now, it's a pre-market hours tomorrow, we're going to have to play it by ear. But from what I saw in this video, it's looking very, very good. So, let's talk about some other stocks that I might be potentially playing if the markets actually have a bounce back day tomorrow, which, again, is very possible. So, Apple is actually one that I'm looking to trade potentially if we do have a bounce back day tomorrow. And let me tell you guys why. So, what do we notice here on Apple? Every time, pretty much every time that it's taken a lower low, it's taken a new low in terms of these past couple of weeks, it's ended up bouncing back up and headed back up to that 50 SMA, which is a very strong resistance. So, the fact that we broke below here to make a new low, we haven't tested those 163 lows quite yet. But let's say we do end up breaking back down to the 160 range or maybe back down to 162, 163, which is a very strong support, as we can see here from a couple months back. This could be a potential play from here, 163, back up to this 50 SMA resistance if the markets do end up bouncing back up, which is very possible because, again, we broke key support levels, we're pushing down. We could have another red day, but I do think we're going to end up having a couple of green days in a row to go back up to the top of that resistance because, again, let me show you guys, we could end up having a couple of green days to get back up to this range potentially right for the S&P and the Dow Jones maybe back up to this range. So, if that does end up happening, these large caps like Apple, Facebook, and Facebook's a different beast right now, guys. This one's actually trending above this 180 SMA. So, on a technical perspective, Facebook's actually looking pretty good. So, if we actually do end up holding here, we could end up playing Facebook up to 150, which offers a solid margin of about 4%. That's pretty, pretty good. But, again, swing trading has been very difficult for me at least because the markets have been extremely volatile and I've been focusing mostly on inverse ETFs and market ETFs due to the volatility in the market. So, I don't want to hold you guys too long. Drop a comment down below. Let me know what you're trading this week. What stocks are you watching? And if you stayed this long into the video, drop a comment. Let me know that you stayed and I truly, truly appreciate it. If you guys really stick for the entire video, I truly appreciate it. From the bottom of my heart, you guys really don't understand. But I hope you guys, again, enjoyed the video, found some value in it. If you did, drop a like, leave a comment, subscribe, follow me on the social platforms. If you want to stay with me, connected with me and the whole entire group on a day-to-day basis, join the Discord, join the Facebook. I'll see you guys in there. Have a great rest of your weekend. Peace out.


My wife, former Vice President Atikua Papaka, says Nigeria has been wallowing in this unity because the APC government has been on fire to all parts of the country. Atikua State of the East, in a bell-coated state, while addressing PDP delegates ahead of the presidential primaries, he promised to unite Nigeria by giving every part a sense of belonging, tackling security, and implementing his economic development blueprint towards transforming the country. Unity is because the APC government has not been fair to all parts of this country. And I promise to unify this country. I promise to give a sense of belonging to every part of this country. We have done it before in 1999. When we came, there was also a lot of disunity, but not as bad as this. But the first thing we did was to make sure that we form a government of national unity, and that gave us the calmness and the unity we needed to govern. As long as the country is not united, as long as there is no calm, as long as there is no peace, you cannot govern, even in your own home, not to talk of a complex country like Nigeria, which is multi-ethnic and multi-religious. So I promise to give every part of this country a sense of belonging. What Nigerians need, what the youths need, is not money, but an empowerment, an opportunity for them to have sustained livelihood. And that is what Antico is giving that others are not talking about. Consentions where practicable is good, but where it is not practicable, we should all go to the field. We should leave our analogue mentality of rotation or zoning. We should become a meritorious society where the best will always have it. And Nigerians this time more than ever in our lives need to put the best food forward. And Antico is the best food for now.