In the New Testament, when Jesus enters a room and says peace be with you, we know he is really speaking Aramaic and saying in Shalom or the Aramaic equivalent, and then it is rendered in Greek as the Gospel writers recount the event. How much of the New Testament can we think of this way? Well, I would say to be honest, we really don't know if Jesus was speaking Aramaic. It depends on who is in the room. If Jesus walked into a room of Hellenistic Jews or a room with a mixed composition, Jews and Gentiles, he may have spoken Greek. We just don't know for sure what the scene was at any given point. Even if we have a scene in the Gospels, do we have a head count? Do we have an ethnicity count? Well, no. Sometimes we get more of an indication than others. Jesus is part of a multilingual culture. In a multilingual culture like 1st century Judea, we can't really assume what anyone is saying at any given point is in this or that language. We can go with the odds, so to speak, so if Jesus walked into a room full of Jews from his hometown or part of Judea dominated by Jewish presence, well, Aramaic is a pretty good bet. But if the parameters changed, it could have done something else. Incidentally, Jesus, getting off into the Aramaic thing for a little bit here, Jesus isn't recorded as using Aramaic except in only a few places. There's Mark chapter 5, there's 1 and Mark 7. Some of these are parallel in Matthew, there's 1 and Mark 15. There are people who have studied this, Jeremiah, I don't even know if it's Jeremiah or Jeremiah's, but I think it's Jeremiah's New Testament scholar back in the 60s, 70s, 80s. He had roughly a couple dozen Aramaic words in the Gospels in total. That isn't a whole lot. There are still scholars today who would suspect or argue that instead of Aramaic as being the native tongue of Jesus, it might have been Mishnahic Hebrew. That's possible. For those who are interested in this, I'm going to post a few articles on this. I've collected some and I'll pick out a few here from what I have. If you subscribe to the newsletter, again, you'll be given a link in each issue of the newsletter. At the bottom there's a link to a protected folder where I can put articles that aren't publicly accessible so that newsletter subscribers can at least read them. There's one by Stanley Porter. Did Jesus ever teach in Greek? It's from Tyndale Bulletin in 1993. Porter argues in this is, yeah, he could have taught in Greek. Porter acknowledges this is kind of a minority view that most other scholars would sort of give Jesus fluency in Aramaic or Mishnahic Hebrew, but Porter thinks he would have been trilingual. But he spends 30 pages laying out his case that Jesus could have taught in Greek, too. There's one by Grintz Hebrew as the spoken and written language in the last days of the Second Temple. Another by Emerton, the problem of vernacular Hebrew in the first century AD in the language of Jesus. So these are going to get into Jesus being an Aramaic speaker, Mishnahic Hebrew speaker. Again, it's not unreasonable to think that Jesus could have been trilingual, and so we can't really assume much about Jesus walks into a room and says, okay, you know, like which language he's using. We don't even know about the context. If the context is like really, really, really distinctly Jewish, well, again, Aramaic could be a good bet, but if we could time travel, we might have heard Jesus speak in Hebrew, Mishnahic Hebrew. We just, we don't know. So I wouldn't base any sort of exegetical or theological conclusions necessarily on some of these assumptions. I think we need to try to think about all the possibilities when it comes to this. So it's really hard to kind of reimagine what, not only what Jesus or anybody else would have been speaking or doing, but when it comes to literary output, that's a whole different issue. I think it makes very little sense to have much more than Matthew and Mark will say, two of the Gospels possibly written in Aramaic originally. You know, this whole discussion takes us into the Aramaic New Testament issue, so I might as well say something about that here. There is no evidence that the Aramaic, no manuscript evidence that the New Testament, any portion of it was written in Aramaic. There are some who argue for that. Again, Mark and Matthew usually become the target for that. Certainly Luke was not. Luke was a Gentile. He's writing to a Gentile. Why would he write in Aramaic? Paul's epistles are written to predominantly Gentile churches. Why would he write in Aramaic? Hey, I'm going to write you a letter, but I want half the congregation to not be able to read it. Doesn't make any sense. John is much later. He lacks Hebraisms in many cases like Matthew. He has little to no literary dependence on Matthew and Mark. Again, if you're familiar with the synoptic debate, Matthew, Mark and Luke, who wrote first and the other two are dependent on that one. John is not in the synoptics for a reason. Most of the content in John is not in the other three. So he doesn't have a literary dependence on the synoptics. So again, that would suggest anyway that even if Matthew or Mark were written in Aramaic originally, John doesn't really care. He comes later. He's not interested in tracking on that material. So Aramaic doesn't really make much sense for John and what he writes. Maybe the Targums, you know, maybe he might have used some Targums or been influenced by Targums like in the word theology. In the beginning was the word, you know, we've talked about this a little bit on the podcast before in relationship to the two powers in heaven idea. Where does John get that? Well, he gets it from his Old Testament. And he may have been familiar with the Memra material, Aramaic Targums of the Old Testament, where you have the second Yahweh figure, Memra, the word. Memra is the Aramaic word for word, where you have the word of God inserted into certain passages. He may have been familiar with that. So there may be an Aramaic influence there with John, but there's no reason to believe that the gospel or Revelation, you know, were written in Aramaic. Revelation, in fact, is oriented to Asia Minor. Churches in the first few chapters. This is predominantly Gentile territory, predominantly Gentile churches. Why would you write an Aramaic? Even the general epistles that are aimed at Jews in the dispersion. Well, where's the dispersion? It's out in the Gentile world. So you're going to have letters. Yeah, they're written to a Jewish audience, but chances are they're going to get passed around among groups of believers, many of whom are Gentiles. It just makes no sense to have an Aramaic New Testament is what I'm getting at. Again, maybe Matthew, maybe Mark, maybe an early gospel, something like that. But even if it makes sense for those, you know, two books, we don't actually have any manuscript evidence for it. So I'm not really sure why in my own mind why people, I've met some people, you know, in the course of being online that, you know, really, really care. And I think to an unusual degree about Jesus speaking Aramaic and the Aramaic, Aramaic being the language of the New Testament, I really don't see what the concern is. I think this is coming from curiosity, not some sort of ideology. But I've met people again who are in the latter camp and it just doesn't make any sense to have an Aramaic New Testament. So I don't think we need to get hung up on at least that part of the question.


Inorganic light emitting diode, LED, displays are considered promising for next generation display technology due to their high efficiency, long lifespan, and potential for miniaturization. Miniaturized LED chips have already been commercialized for backlight sources in consumer electronics applications, while micro-LEDs with chip sizes less than 100 microns remain in the laboratory. The full color solution is introduced in detail, along with its three main components, red, green, and blue chips, as well as color conversion and optical lens synthesis. Contemporary technologies are also discussed, providing a clear view of inorganic and miniaturized LED displays for the display community. This article was authored by Ting Zhu Wu, Qin Wei Shui, Yu Lin, and others.


And our chairman of the Independent National Electro-Commission, Ainek Professor Mamoudia Kubel says, 16 political parties have still for indicated interest in participating in the November of cycle governorship election in Undo state. The Ainek boss will was speaking at the quarterly consultative meeting with civil society organizations in Abuja. Also in similar vein stated that Ainek will no longer accredited CSOs who failed to submit reports of their election monitoring to the commission after every election. Parties will commence their primaries for the governorship election in the next two weeks. 16 political parties out of 19 have so far indicated interest in participating in the election. I urge civil society organizations to engage with political parties and observe their primaries just as we engage with Ainek and if your observers to the main election conducted by the commission. By doing so, you will strengthen your advocacy, particularly for inclusivity for groups such as women, youth and persons with disability that are underrepresented in elected offices at national and state level. I hope to be assured that Ainek will continue to partner with civil society organizations. We appreciate the observations and recommendations contained in your election of the national report.


this week for the Chargers? Been a good week so far, putting in some good work. And we've got a heck of a challenge coming in this weekend. And I want to keep the ball rolling and put out a good performance. What's been the sake of your team after y'all getting in first place and starting preparing for the Chargers to defend that? It's been good. It's been good to get a win last week and take our place in the division. But the mindset has been back to work, knowing it's a long season still, more than half the season left to go from playing the game. There's a lot of football left to play. But the guys are in a good mode and we want to just keep building. Y'all just played a couple of years ago. What are some of the issues they present without Echler and the passing attack? Yeah, you said it, man. Start off with Echler, man. He's a heck of a back. Run game, pass game, everything run through him. They got one of the better quarterbacks in the league, young talent. And Herbert back there slinging that ball. He can make every throw on the field. Good competitive offensive line. And they got a heck of a team, man.  So it's a good, complete team. So we've got to come ready and make sure we got everything in type and execute. You know, one, three straight at home. How much of a? Man, it's a credit to our fans. Man, this been, I've played in Mercedes Benz. Every year since it's been built. And this year has been, I mean, I don't remember a year like this, consistently back to back with a fan, showing how they have, man. So it's definitely greatly appreciated.  So to get them wins in there mean a lot. And to give them a good show that also means a lot as well. So, you know, we couldn't do it without our fans, man. We appreciate the support. And you know, we want to take it to another level, you know, and make it a hard place to play. What are the keys to rushing the quarterback like Justin Herbert? Because Coach Peeves was talking about how he's kind of slippery to talk to that. Yeah, it's definitely slippery. You get the ball out really quick.   So definitely don't want to give any freebies up the middle. So I mean, it's going to take a heck of an effort, man. And so I'm excited for, you know, the challenge, but we got to be on our stuff. And then similar question with Eckler, just bringing him back like into the ground. He's so small, but he seems to be so shifty. What's the cutest topic? Yeah, shifty and strong, strong dude, man.   He's been there for a long time for a reason. And then they believe in him, give him a lot of opportunities for a reason. So it's going to take a heck of an effort from everybody. There's a lot of young guys along you. Yeah, I feel like the front has grown a lot. You know, a lot of young, like you said, a lot of young guys, but like whatever, everything I think experience helps, you know, and getting more comfortable. Them coming into their own, learning the pro game and knowing the adjustment that they need to make to make themselves better pros.  So I think it's just been good for everybody. How is that experience? I think just knowing that it's going to take all day, you know, never relaxing. And no matter how far you are down, how far you're up, you know, you got to finish the game. You know, we've been on both sides of it to where we've been up and team come back on us and we've been down and we come back on the team.


So now that I have this simple query that allows me to see the artist in the track when I run this Maybe I want to narrow things down a little bit Well, one of the things I can do is I can run my query for example And I happen to have this section right here known as filter and just like when we were using Microsoft Excel That filter option allows me to sort of expand out and kind of work from there, you know, I'll unselect everything and just And stop All right. Well red hot chili peppers. Let's see how many Tracks we happen to have that are the red hot chili peppers. I can hit okay And so you can see we've actually got a lot of red hot chili peppers We got 48 different tracks here that we can work off of so that allows a little bit of sort of filtering a little Customization the problem is when I make a switch, maybe I wanted to do a little change. Oh, no when I run this I lose all of that filter So how can I get it that I want this query to say always appear back with the red hot chili peppers? Well, what I can do is I can come down here to this criteria section and in there I start to specify some of my criterias in this case. I only want to see red hot chili peppers. So red hot chili peppers and When I run it this time All of a sudden you see I only get the results that show the artist name being red hot chili peppers Maybe I want to take all of their songs and I want to see them in alphabetical order maybe in ascending order a to z I can come back to my view and Over here, you notice that we happen to have a sort command a sort row. Well, each kind of column involves kind of the Field we're dealing with so inside of track That's kind of what I want to sort by so I can click on that area and you notice a drop-down menu appears from here all of a sudden what I can do is I can select in ascending and When I hit run Now all of a sudden I see red hot chili peppers Apache Rose Peacock Red hot chili peppers around the world red hot chili peppers blood sugar sex magic Interesting


Okay, so I'm Steve Atherton, and I'm here to give an update on the Redwood storage engine which was introduced at last year's summit. So these are the topics I'll be covering, first an overview, then status on what's done and not done, some performance numbers, and then I'll talk about an important design update that was made in the past year, and then I'm going to delve into detail on IO patterns for some operations that the storage engine has to do. And then lastly I'll talk about future improvements that are coming in the short term. So a quick overview, so Redwood is a B-plus tree, it's multi-version, so it can contain different values for the same keys of different versions, and it employs prefix compression both across nodes and also within nodes themselves. The B-tree lives on a pager, which is a stateful component, it is also multi-version. The pager provides read, write, and commit access to fixed size pages by version. So a little bit on status, so what's done? So first and foremost it works, and it's actually been shipping, so to speak, in recent patch releases of 6.2, it passes correctness testing, most of the necessary functionality is done, notably prefix compression is done and is in final form for the foreseeable future, and deferred range clears are done and also are in final form for the foreseeable future. Pretty much all of the IO patterns are where they need to be at this point. So that all sounds great, so what's not done? Well, performance, mainly because there are a lot of CPU optimizations that haven't been done yet, and actually earlier Diego talked about one of them where the mutation buffer definitely has some performance issues. So also notably B-tree node merging is not yet implemented, you need node merging in a B-tree to reclaim accumulated slack space that you'll get within nodes over time by clearing keys. If you clear an entire page or set of pages, that's great, because those pages will be freed, but if you only clear part of a page, you need to eventually reclaim that space. Also the on disk format may change and no backward compatibility on the file format is being provided yet. So next I'd like to talk about performance. So specifically performance with compressible prefixes. This avoids most of the unoptimized parts that still exist in Redwood. So I have a data set that is 40 million records. Each record exists under one of 100,000 unique prefixes, and each key has a random 4-byte suffix. The values are 32 bytes of random data. The inserts are mostly localized under one of the prefixes. What I mean by that is groups of inserts are done together under one of the 100,000 unique prefixes. So here's a big chart, and I'm going to focus on just a column at a time. So what this column is saying is here we've set our prefix length to three. So we have 100,000 unique prefixes that are all three bytes in length. This produces a key value set size as far as just the key lengths and value lengths of 920 megabytes, and we're using a two gig page cache. This is very similar to what you would get if you were using the FDB directory layer and you created 100,000 directories. Your average shortened prefix that the directory layer would give you would be about 3 bytes. So on this test you can see that both SQLite and Redwood are around 1.5 gigs of used space. Redwood loaded it a little faster at 160 seconds. And both of the deferred clear time, which is the time it takes to walk the tree and clear all keys from the data structure is about the same. So on the next column we're going to bump up the prefix size to 16. So this is pretend instead of using the directory layer you used long descriptive names for every prefix. So Redwood's characteristics haven't really changed. It actually, everything kind of got lower, which is just basically noise in the test. But essentially the footprint and the load time and the clear time are the same. Meanwhile SQLite has seen an increase in all three of those things. We're still using a two gig page cache, and so everything comfortably, just about everything comfortably, comfortably fits into memory for both storage engines at this point. Then we move up to 32 byte prefixes, which are just more flourishy descriptive names on those same 100,000 unique prefixes. And again Redwood's metrics are basically the same. SQLite has seen a large bump in this space used, and also notably that 2855 megabytes is larger than the two gig cache, and so now there's a bunch of cache misses happening. So the load time has gone up substantially, and the clear time is 20 times higher. And then I did one more test, which is using the same exact prefix size and workload shape as the previous one, but we lowered the page cache to only 100 megabytes. So Redwood, again, is basically unchanged. The clear time did become four times longer, but it's still very small. Load time was largely unaffected, and SQLite has the same footprint as before, but the load time has gone up, and the clear time has almost doubled. I'll talk more later about some of the reasons why that is. But the takeaway from this slide is that common key prefixes in Redwood are nearly free. Moving on, I'd like to talk in detail about a design update that I made in the past year based on basically the experience I had going down the path laid out in the last presentation. So a quick review of the pager design. So the idea is you can read or update or read a page at a version, and the pager would keep a page table that maps logical pages at a version to some physical page that contains the actual data. This table will be kept entirely in memory so that lookups are fast, and then it also must be periodically in some way snap-shotted or persistent to disk, like some sort of rolling snapshot, and it needs to be recovered on startup. So the goal of this design was that one page update equals one write, because basically when you update a page at some version, you put that data somewhere and then you use the page table to route reads to that location, so there's never a reason to copy that data anywhere else. Unfortunately, there's some drawbacks with this design. And one of them is once a page is updated, one or more remap entries will exist for that page basically forever. So here we have on the left a table showing nine different versions of logical page nine at different physical pages. Once time has gone on, and we are only maintaining version 44 and newer, we only need one of these entries, which sounds good, except for we still need one of these entries. And if you think about it, over time, almost every page in your storage space is going to be updated. And so nearly every page is going to have its actual data located at a different page from where it started. And so with something like two terabytes of space, you have a half a billion pages, page IDs, and if nearly all of those are remapped somewhere, no matter how you design it, you have gigabytes, many gigabytes of memory being used for your lookup table, and then also being snapshotted, persisted to disk, and reloaded on cold start. So this is very memory intensive, and it's slow to start. So the new design is what I call a delayed write ahead log. It's for shorter retention periods, and the pager is pluggable so other pagers can be written. The idea here is that one page update is up to two writes. So there's one write immediately to get your data to be durable somewhere, and then there's up to an additional write later, which usually will be one. And I want to go through the sequence of what that is actually referring to. So in the updated design, the page table now has an implied identity record for each logical page, which basically says that if you look up a page at a version that is less than the oldest version of the table, then the answer is the same page ID that went in. So the physical page ID is the same as the logical page ID. So as older page table entries expire, they are removed. So how can we do that? Well, so here on the second chart, we've advanced the oldest retained version to 22. So now we no longer need to keep version, oh, sorry, did I mess that up? I think I did, I'm sorry. Pretend that that is, this completely screwed me. Okay, the version on that might be wrong. I can't think about it at the moment. But basically, we want to remove the 9512 entry, and we can do that by copying the contents from page 12 onto page nine. And then we no longer need that second entry. So if you read, yeah, actually, sorry, it is correct. So if you read at version 22 or 23, the mapping will be served by the identity record, and it will give you physical page nine, and that is where that data does, in fact, exist. So now we have only three entries left for page nine, which is nice. And then as time goes on, now we've bumped our retained version forward to version 44. So now, we do the same trick again, but with an additional optimization. So since we bumped the retained version forward a large amount at once, we can actually skip over two of these copies, because we really only need the latest version to be copied back to physical page nine. So we skipped over 23 and 40, which saves rights, which is why the last slide set up to one additional right. And so now we have no entries left in our page, in our page table for page ID nine. So next, I'm going to talk about some IO patterns. So first, writes. So specifically, the reads to service writes. So SQLite does one tree traversal for every mutation in order, and so it incurs serial cache misses. So I'm going to go through a series of six insertions here. So we start at the root, we go to this page, we have to wait for it to load. Oh, I'm using the wrong key, I think, so it's not animating. Are you guys seeing the animations? Okay, it doesn't show it to me here. Okay, so we're on our second latency incurred. We go back to the root, wait for this internal node to load, and then wait for number four. I'm just going to go through this kind of quickly. I think you get the idea. So basically, each of these seeks had some stops along the way to wait for pages to load. We suffered six serial read latencies to do these changes. But in Redwood, we buffer and sort mutations for an entire commit, and then we do one parallel traversal per commit cycle to all of the nodes affected by those changes. So the traversal is not purely breadth-first or depth-first. It actually depends on what's in the cache. So we start at the root, and we start traversing, and we start loading these pages. We don't have to wait for them. We just continue on going as far as we can. And now that all those are loading, we wait for them to finish. And then once this one finishes, there's some follow-on work. So we have to wait for these children to load because we're editing both of these pages. And once they're loaded, then we've written our changes and we're done.  A bunch of different writes came in between the keys D and E. All of those insertions in that range would be handled together at once, which makes for very efficient sequential insertion on Redwood. So now I'd like to talk about read latency. So with B-trees, read latency is affected by branching factor. Ideally, cache size is approximately the amount of space you're using divided by your branching factor. The idea there is that every page, hopefully, in your cache points to branching factor other pages. So if your branching factor is 20, hopefully most of the pages in your cache are internal and they point to 20 other pages. And so in that case, if you had 5% cache to disk ratio, you would have most of the internal structure of your tree in memory. So if you're dealing with, say, a 2 terabyte or a 4 terabyte disk, having to have 5% of that as a disk cache is pretty high. So the higher your branching factor is, the lower your cache needs to be to ensure that most reads suffer only a single out of cache, a single cache miss. So in SQLite, repeated key prefixes make the records inside pages bigger. And so they harm branching factor. Non-trivial values, like larger than 4 bytes, also harm branching factor. In Redwood, values aren't stored in the internal nodes.  So they can actually be minimal boundary keys that are just long enough to do the left-to-right decision of whether or not you can go downward on the tree on one side or the other of that boundary. Also, prefix compression means that there's no penalty for having repeat key prefixes and nodes. So we get more entries per node. So I'd like to talk about large get ranges. So in SQLite, if we want to read the range g through k, we'll start at the root of something over here. And we will traverse down to g, we'll wait for that page to load, we'll read its contents, and then we'll go to the next page. This is our second cache miss, third cache miss. So we have four relatancies to get this data. In Redwood, it supports a prefetch size. So in this case, we have 4k pages, and we're using a prefetch of 15k. So during the traversal, it'll recognize that 15k is not, or that one page is not enough to satisfy 15k. And so it will start four adjacent siblings loading simultaneously. Now I'd like to talk about oversized nodes. So in SQLite, it's actually records instead of pages that are oversized. And they're actually oversized individually extra pages called overflow pages. So here, if we want to scan c through e, we start at the root, and we jump down to this leaf node. And we find as we're scanning that some of these records have these overflow page changes. This one has one overflow page. We read that. Then we go to the next one. Oh, it has an overflow page. And that overflow page actually points to yet another overflow page. So we have three read latencies to read essentially four pages worth of data. In Redwood, what we do is we just make these child pointers bigger. So node links are variable sized. And a child pointer has a node link which contains all of the pages that the next lower node is made of. So in this case, there's four of them. So we start at the root, and we in parallel load all four of these pages that constitute what we call a super page. And now we can read c through e, suffering only one cache miss latency. So next, I'll talk about deferred range clear. So this relates very close to the previous slide. So SQLite must read every page in a cleared range in order to determine if any of those pages, any of the records in those pages have any overflow page change. So it has to read not only read the pages into memory, but it also has to iterate over all the records in them. Redwood, because of its multi-page pointer design, doesn't have to read or scan through leaf nodes when doing range clears. So this results in branching factor x less i o, which in Redwood is going to be usually way more than 100 x less i o. That is the reason why that third number on the performance slide was so good for Redwood. For clearing all of the keys in the data set, it just has to do, in that case, probably 150 x less i o. So that's why. Which is also why having a 1.5 gig data set and 100 megabyte cache wasn't really a problem. Because most of the nodes that were needed for the deferred clear were still in the cache. So next, I want to talk about data movement. So data movement in FTB is basically when you read a shard from one storage server and write it to another storage server, and then clear on the original storage server. So this is not a great pattern for SQLite, because the reads of a couple hundred megabyte shard are going to push a bunch of data out of cache to do this one-time read, which likely won't be repeated. And then the write happens over time. And then we come back, likely, after a lot of those pages have been evicted from the cache. And we do the same reads all over again. And we pollute the cache likely again just to clear that data. So Redwood supports non-caching reads, which are used in this case in some other situations, too. And as we talked about it before, sequential insertion is faster, and deferred range clear is much faster. So data movement on a Redwood-backed cluster of FTB is going to have a lot less impact on the cluster's performance. So lastly, I want to talk about future improvements. So first on my list is to reduce duplicative write path mutation buffer lookups. Basically what this is saying is that there is a lot of extra lookups into the mutation buffer being done, really about 50x for some workloads that is basically because that code was written for a correct is first and not for performance, and I haven't gotten to fixing that yet. But additionally, as Diego presented earlier, his team is working on a replacement for the mutation buffer, which is currently just a SD map for convenience. And so the lookups themselves are also going to get a lot faster, and very notably, the insertions are going to get a lot faster, as those needs to happen either way. Also, the prefix-compressed structure of the nodes and the overall tree is not being fully leveraged. There's a lot more byte skipping that could be being done during comparisons. Nodes themselves are currently always rebuilt by taking all the old data and the new data and building a new node. That also for small edits, nodes could be surgically updated, which would be a lot faster for highly random small writes. And there's also some single version optimizations that could be done for when you know you don't need any version history. So the first production release of Redwood is planned to be an FTB 7.0. It will definitely be a single version mode only. No history will be exposed yet, even though a lot of the internals are there. It should be faster for many workloads, but the worst case is going to be small key value pairs with highly random writes that are very little sequentialness. And that is all I had.


Realistic gaming here today.  Oh look wait What's that smell is that candy? Okay, so it seems like we're outside of this house. I think it's coming from this house. Come on All right, so we're going inside of here What oh my god, it's a gummy It opens its eyes dude that is so creepy All right, so our objective is to escape and there is like multiple escape from what I've read So this should be an interesting game. Oh my god. Look at the graphics It's a pretty nice well-made game as we can tell hey, why is he dressed like me? I got a twin in here. I actually have a third twin. There's someone that has the same username as me You got the imposter. Okay, so we found the key Let's see where we can use this All right, nothing here Gummy is coming.  Oh No, all right, so gummy has a rising so we have to be careful. Hey, what's up guys? Oh, he has a gas canteen. Okay, so clearly there's a car escape or something that needs gas We need a red key for that My god, oh, let's go over here. Okay, so there's nothing over here. Oh, what is that a key card? I Don't know if we need to keep all there's a note. Let's see what it says. They wouldn't let me go Okay, so they wouldn't let this person go and who was they? I just heard a scream. Oh, like there's another note down here. Oh We can't read that one. Oh There's a green key. Let's grab this one right. Let's go over here. I Keep hearing people dying but where's gummy. I don't see the guy. Oh my god. He's right there.  Oh my god. Okay. Oh the green key. Oh We just got someone over there a gas canteen Okay, I think he's coming this way guys. We need to be careful. Oh gosh, he's getting everybody left and right Dude, he just broke down the door. Oh my god What a medicine gummy Do we can't find an exit?  He was creeping. Oh my god. No, he's coming this way. Oh, no, no My god, he's chasing us All right, nice, dude. That was way too scary. He was like peaking on the door Dead as hell. Okay, so we're supposed to be looking for like a key all the key cards right there I couldn't use that for that. Wow. Oh There's rope. How about we grab this rope and let's go upstairs and maybe we can get out of this place. Oh No, what do we need over here? We need a hammer Hammer we need the hammer There's a red key. Oh, no, he's coming this way. Oh my god. No, we're trapped here. Oh You know what? Okay. Nice. You managed to get around. Oh, there's a hammer right here. Oh My god, all right, hold on. Let him chase those people out of here, then we'll go back up there with the hammer Is he coming this way? No, he just had a cup this way, right?  No, no, you can't crawl through there, right? Okay, I was about to say if he can go through the vents. That is like not for at all. Oh, no Did you see me? Please don't tell me you saw me Okay, I think he's trying to like catch me slipping out here, but he does not know who he's messing with.  You better not catch up to me Dude, am I the last on the live? Dude, somebody how can you guys do this to me? You guys left me all alone with this gummy You know what? I'm gonna go around I don't know if there's another way to go around Okay, let's go this way Please don't tell me he saw me run by He didn't see me nice Okay, so I need a rope Oh my god, we got five minutes to escape. He didn't see me. He ran past by again. Oh My god, okay, I think he went back to where I was so this is our chance To escape We need two ropes You gotta be kidding me, bro. Oh my god. No, he saw me All right, so I need one more rope to get out of here. Oh My god, no, no, please stop whaddling behind me Okay, nice Okay, so our objective is to find one more piece of rope so we can get out of this place And where am I gonna find a piece of rope around here? Why is there a door here? It's like a secret room or something There's a gun. Oh Okay shot get quick scope Okay, I can't find another piece of rope. Let's go look on the other end of the map over here My god, I Need a red key. All right, let's go over here. That's a gold key There's a key card, but I don't think we need the key card dude. Where the ropes Okay, let's grab this green This green key, maybe we'll open it and we'll find the rope somewhere. I Think gummy gave up on looking for me. No You just stop you can't find the other rope I can't find the other rope This is so sad I bet you it's in here and I cannot open that door Then I can't open that door either dude. It's like every door just there for nothing. Oh look is right there Why is it not opening? Okay, so that's a gas canteen Okay, so gummy just stopped moving. This is my time to shine. Oh, I Hear the rumbling. Oh, that's the red key No, please don't get me gummy. No, I'm so close to getting out of here Well, I got it so scary when it gets near you like the whole screen shakes Dude, I can't believe this is taking me like the entire game to escape Gummy footsteps are creepy. They indeed are creepy man Right, so let's go to the red door.  I'm gonna go insane guys Okay, so now I got a blue key. Where in the world is there a blue door and where is the last piece of rope? Oh my god, this is the nightmare Okay, is there rope here? Nope There's no rope over here Dude, there has to be another piece of rope and why can I open these doors? Okay, that's the green key. We have a blue key. I don't know if we've opened the blue key up Where is this the key to the car? The golden key? I'm not sure if it is because there's two golden keys. Oh man She's like all the blue doors right there. Let's go back to the blue key Because I'm pretty sure there has to be a rope in there Okay, grab this Like smashing the doors down Please let there be a blue. I mean a blue.   I dare you God look that is so creepy man.  Yeah, we scream it right there. He doesn't even fit through the doorway That is a hundred percent creepy man Alright, so it seems like you can escape through the you can escape through the rope which we just did you can escape through the car Which you have to find the gas canteen and the car key and then you can escape out of it I thought that bank vault you have to open the bank vault with the key card Then you need to get to wrenches and you like fix the phone and you call the cops Here let me just get try to get the other endings for you guys so you can know what I'm talking about yo All right, you guys well those were the other two endings to the game and as we can see it's barely a chapter one So I believe it's gonna keep on going maybe to like chapter 10 or so like Piggy Because it's just like a piggy inspired game as we can tell it was pretty awesome by the way And it was well made all right Well, thank you guys for watching thank you guys for the support if you guys enjoyed the video Make sure to slap the like button for your boy into the channel make sure to subscribe and turn that notification bell on and I will See you guys in the next one


In 1925, Lewis de Broglie came up with the model that explained how electrons avoid falling into the nucleus. Earlier, we calculated the circumference and velocity of the electron. So, like we did for electron microscopes in the previous segment, he calculated its wavelength. He found that it was exactly the length of the electron orbit's circumference as enumerated by Bohr. In other words, the wavelength of the electron is exactly the length of one revolution. This would create a standing wave. Here are a couple of standing waves on a string. Here's what a standing wave looks like in water. A standing wave is a wave constrained to vibrate in a distance that's exactly one multiple of its wavelength. Standing more or less would create destructive interference and the wave would collapse. So the first energy shell would have to have the radius that creates the circumference that exactly fits one wave. The second shell would have to have the radius that creates the circumference that exactly fits two wavelengths. The third shell would have to have the radius that creates the circumference that exactly fits three wavelengths, and so on. So De Bruy answered the question, how can the electrons sit way outside the nucleus without orbiting away its energy? The answer is that the electrons exist as standing waves that envelop the nucleus. No orbital motion is required, and therefore no radiation is emitted. So it's important to remember, electrons in an atom do not orbit the nucleus. They are not like planets around the sun. They exist as standing waves. De Bruy's simple geometry elegantly explained the reason for each energy shell's distance from the center and its corresponding energy. But it didn't scale to explain the spectra of more complex atoms that have more electrons.


I feel like making this video is the wrong decision. I don't know. Well, the. Well, it's up YouTube, AJ and Johnny here from the Art of Charm. And today we want to answer a question we get all the time, especially when it comes to decision making. The question is, how do I know I'm making the right decision? This is why we did a whole month on decision making and it had been a lot of fun. So if you enjoy this, you definitely want to check out the podcast. It's a phenomenal question. And of course, when it comes to the big decisions in our life, we're always going to be thinking what if what could have been and there's always going to be regret tied to it. So the first thing I want to point out is thinking about things in black and white terms, right and wrong decisions is the wrong way to go about it. It's the wrong perspective to have. That's right. Sometimes there's no clear cut path on the right decision. What we say around here at the office is sometimes there's no right decisions, only decisions that you make right. Exactly. If we go about decision making thinking this is going to be the right decision, hoping this is going to be the right decision, we're not committing to that action. Decision is a choice, but we have to reinforce that choice by taking action and being committed to it. That's how we make it the right decision. And you cannot begin doing the work and channeling that energy that is going to make that the right decision until you fully commit. The second thing we want to point out is there's always going to be those regrets tied to decision making. Your mind is wired to think about alternative outcomes, realities, what ifs, could have been, should have been. So we have to set those aside, walk away from that. We can't be so tied to that side of our brain. If we're thinking and wallowing in that decision, we're not taking action and being focused on the future. And the other thing about it is hindsight is 20-20 so you can come up with all sorts of past scenarios that hypothetically could have worked out. The longer you do that, the less time you're putting in to the work that is going to take for the decision that you committed to. Your mind will always create alternative realities, but guess what? Those alternative realities are not real. And lastly, if you have a growth mindset, you're always going to make the right decision regardless of how things turned out. And possibly if they hadn't turned out in the way that you had imagined them with a growth mindset, you will be able to derive a lesson that allow you to be a better person from the decision that's been made. That's right. Being process-oriented instead of outcome-oriented. If you're thinking about is this the right decision, you're focused on the outcome and not the process. And as we make more decisions in life, we strengthen those decision-making skills and all of a sudden we're going to see that those decisions always become the right ones. Right on. If you enjoyed this lesson, we'll link the podcast of decision-making in the description below. Also, if you enjoyed this, head on over to the subscribe button, smash that, and then smash that little bell notification so that you will be updated when we send out new videos. See you next week.


back to ThinkTech. This is Our Changing World. I'm Jay Fidel. Today we're gonna talk about the Israeli Hamas War. We're gonna talk about the media. We're gonna talk about the college campuses. And we're gonna try to figure out why all these protests have been happening in American college campuses and elsewhere too. With our old friends Seymour Kazimurski and Daphne Desser, who's a professor at UH.  Welcome and thank you very much for inviting me, Jay.  And I wanna make it on a personal level so people don't just look at it as a word. When I was growing up at eight years old, I lived in a small town called Senegal. And the signs on the hotels or two hotels that had no dogs and no Jews allowed. And I had to live with that. When I would come out from school and the kids were waiting for us who wanted to fight with us, they said, and that means that goddamn Jews. And I lived with that. I know exactly what antisemitism is all about. All these people who use the word antisemitism and think that it's all about Israel, that's not true.  Sometimes it's direct in their face, sometimes it's behind their back. And that's one thing that we have to realize has been going on for centuries. This is not new with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. This is not new since World War II. It's been going on for years and years, hundreds and thousands of years. So when people say, is Israel submitted or are they Nazis or are they doing pogroms or are they doing... I mean, how could they say that with knowledge? And that's why I wanted to bring Daphne into the picture. Daphne is a professor at UH. She has spoken with me when I talk about the Holocaust to students all over Hawaii. And I can tell you that she can give us a direct answer what is wrong on college campuses today. So if I may, I'd like to introduce Daphne. Well, thank you so much, Seymour. And thank you, Jay, for having me. And I'm sorry to be here on this kind of occasion. I think that every Jewish person has somewhere in their history a story like Seymour's where an ancestor or a relative, a friend even has faced antisemitism, whether that's working back from history to the pogroms, the Holocaust or other incidences that they've had experienced within their own lives. But what I will say about university campuses in general is that although we have lots of important research done on antisemitism from histories of, let's say the departments of history, polysci, some of sociology, the study of antisemitism hasn't made its way into certain departments. So we have a pretty extensive study now in English departments, in American studies, in ethnic studies, in women and gender and sexuality studies, those sorts of departments on every sort of ism you can imagine, racism of all sorts, sexism, et cetera. But what we will find on very few syllabi are any readings about antisemitism. So one of the things that I think we can do to bring about change on university campuses is simply curricular to bring the study of antisemitism, the research on antisemitism that already exists to the students and to the faculty, to encourage faculty to include a unit on antisemitism when they're addressing other forms of oppression, which they often do in the classrooms. And the other point I will just make in terms of how we can improve the campus climate is we need to hire experts in Jewish studies. We need faculty for whom this is their primary area of research so that when these moments happen, we have enough faculty on board that can give the real and true definitions of things like genocide, apartheid, ethnic cleansing, as opposed to what we are seeing on social media that are completely irresponsible misuses of those terms, essentially forms of anti-Jewish propaganda. But we do not have, I think, on the university campuses today, enough of a voice to speak back to what we are seeing on social media, but also unfortunately also not enough in terms of what we need to speak back to faculty on campuses, including this kind of messaging on their social media and even in the classrooms and in the research. Daphne, I have to add to what you're saying. And one thing that has been very prevalent in my Holocaust studies, talking to hundreds of schools over the last 20, 30 years, we are not educating even high schools, nevermind colleges and universities, about what the Holocaust was about. And the Holocaust itself as a standalone genocide, it is not, some people lump them in with many other genocides and they've all been horrible, but the Holocaust by itself was this single event where they wanted to eradicate a complete Jewish people. And I think that's something that we have to educate at a lower level than college and get the teachers to understand what that's about. Right now in Canada, two provinces, British Columbia and Ontario, now have mandated Holocaust education in high school, grade 10, 11 and 12. We have 13 states in the US right now that have mandated Holocaust education. Here in Hawaii, which is of course, to our audience is the most important, we don't have it as mandated, but as you know, we're putting together the Hawaii Mobile Museum of Tolerance in connection with the Simon Wiesenthal Center where we will have a bus going to every school to educate 4,000 to 5,000 children a year about the Holocaust, not just the Holocaust, but about tolerance, about bigotry, about any of the other issues that we have. I just want to be sure that we understand that education is the true key to make sure that people understand what's going on today. I think that's correct. And I think what you'll find is that these disputed terms like genocide that's being used, people are accusing Israel now of genocide, if you look carefully at what that entails, it means killing people of your own citizenry because of an ethnic or racial difference, right? So if you were to apply genocide to what Israel was doing, they would have to be going after their own, Arab-Israeli citizens and trying to kill them, right? So you can't claim what's happening in Gaza to be a genocide when that is not the case. You can't claim that for it to be a genocide in Israel when at this point Israel's not going after the West Bank. So, and yet you will find this term that Israel, what Israel's doing currently in Gaza is a genocide repeated over and over and over again. It's almost become an acceptable term. And part of... It's wrong, Daphne. It's 100%, I get so vehemently angry about that. It is so wrong to label what Israel is doing today. They have been bombarded, they have been attacked for 50, 60 years, and the straw broke the camel's back. And when it did, now they're going after Hamas. And they may go after Hezbollah. They may have to fix what has happened in Gaza. The biggest issue we have and what people need to recognize, social media, news, radio, television, they all sensationalize everything. They use words like genocide. They use words like ethnic cleansing. They use words to make people try to open up their eyes to something sensational. And that is what is wrong. What we need to understand that Israel has a right, an absolute right to defend themselves. They have a right to attack somebody who has attacked them. They have a right to eradicate Hamas. And their second right and their most important mission is to salvage and to try to get all of the people back that have been taken by Hamas. And part of the... You talk of the choir, you guys. I think we need to address the fact that this is happening all over the country by thousands of students and hundreds of universities. And some of them are less noxious, less toxic than others. But you have the phenomenon when they're out there protesting in favor of Hamas and thus in favor of doing massacres. However you label that.  And in UH and in many other schools in the country, that's not a good entrustment.  And the kid's classmates are picking it up.  Kids are very impressionable. Ain't all of Hitler knew that, Hitler youth, right? You impressed him early on, the same thing with the Palestinian people, you impressed them early on, you give them a little hate and they keep it, they stay with it. So I don't think there's time to have a rational philosophical conversation. I think that steps should be taken, whether it by the president of the university, whether it by the legislature, whether it by the courts, somebody has got to say, you can't do that with our kids and our society. You're out of here. We're firing you, we're terminating you.  We don't care if you have tenure or not.  And if you couldn't get on a campus here in Hawaii, you'll find another place and you can be on the campus.  And now you're on the campus and you can do your thing. I don't think we should permit that. I think there's got to be some regulation. Well, we have title six, the Civil Rights Act and universities are federally funded institutions. So if there are demonstrable in cases of anti-Semitism, so discrimination based on region or nationality, so Israel, religion, Judaism, ethnicity, all those sorts of things, that's not legal. And students, concerned students can file suit. But so there is a mechanism for demonstrated cases of anti-Semitism to be addressed within already within the title six of the Civil Rights Act for federally funded organizations of which UH is one. And so when we have demonstrable cases of situations where we're students and this every single complaint that I have received has come from a student about something a faculty member has done in the classroom or is posted on social media. We begin the process of first engaging the professor and trying to talk with the professor and then moving on up through a process where we try to figure out what is happening. And of course, initially we want to engage in dialogue and we want to educate. And we certainly want the student to be heard. But at some point, there may be an opening for a few lawsuits if the student feels that there is a pattern or history of anti-Semitism. So we do have those mechanisms. Daphne, have you ever advised a student to go file a lawsuit and we'll put them in touch with a lawyer, maybe a Jewish lawyer who would go after this guy and do you think that BDS would just stand by and it's an anti-Semitic organization would stand by and let that happen? Or would they find counsel somewhere here on the mainland to oppose that suit and put that kid through the ringer? Not so easy. Would you advise him to file a suit? I mean, I'm not a lawyer and but I think that suits have been filed already back East, suits will be filed. Suits get filed against UH all the time. I hate to say this, but you can look this up. That's filing suit. It's not something that is unheard of and people do it for much lesser reasons. What are the stakes? If I file a lawsuit, okay, and I really want to leave an impression on the university and on this faculty member who is going to be intractably anti-Semitic anyway. You can't change the leopard on the spots. So how much money can I recover? Can I get him fired? Can I send him on his way? Probably not. I don't think you can send anyone on his or her their way, but I think that we have freedom of speech and that is the other component. So that where freedom of speech will break down is when it moves into not just offensive speech, but as again, it has to show a pattern in a history of discrimination based on an identity. So that is the defining move that we, that you need in order to even begin to consider a lawsuit. I think it's not a terrible thing to attempt just to show the seriousness. Jewish students and people who care about Israel, some of them are feeling extremely isolated. They do feel under personal attack when faculty posts these kinds of things on their social media or engage in this kind of propaganda in their classrooms. They're frightened, they're confused and they come to us, some faculty for support and for a mechanism for talking back. And that's what I'm engaged in, I'd say on a daily basis, I deal with at least one student complaint. So it is a concern, right? And this is from my point of view. I'm one of the people who gets these complaints who talks to the students, who hears how scared and isolated and lonely they feel. So maybe not everyone is aware of this and maybe it's not having any happening everywhere on campus but that is my day-to-day life right now. Daphne, I have to ask you a question and we have to broaden the subject because we're talking about anti-Semitism on campus. What about Islamophobia on campus? That's right. And I think we want to always say we are against discriminatory actions and speech against all people. I think the Jewish people have traditionally stood by all kinds of minorities and all kinds of oppressive situations because we have that history within our own, his families and lived experience that we can almost immediately identify with someone feeling like a minority, someone feeling frightened, someone feeling scared, all of those things are feeling unheard. We're all different kinds of ways of talking about this now intergenerational trauma, et cetera. And so this cuts across the board and what we want is for that message to be heard by all students. No student should feel intimidated by a faculty member. No student should feel scared to go to class. So across the board, whenever this happens, we need to be vocal. And I think in general, the Jewish community has often stood by other minorities and also by against examples of Islamophobia. We do not at all approve of that. We condemn it, okay? To be very clear, we condemn all acts and speeches that have anything that might remotely be considered against the Palestinian people or Islamophobic. That's not what we're trying to do. A diagonal off that is, has UH had any protests to the massacre on October 7th? I mean, we know there have been protests against the Jews, against the Israelis, but what about against Hamas? Have there been any protests at all? So we had protests occur that were seemingly to celebrate the attacks or at least to support the reasons for the attack. They coincided with faculty posting on the social media that this was a celebratory moment, a moment of liberation. And then they appear- Liberation from Hamas? Yes. In favor of Hamas, we're talking about Hamas, exactly. And so at those protests, we would have a few counter protests. Sometimes some students and other people from the community would stand on the other side of the street and try to articulate why they do not support Hamas. Why do they not see, they do not see Hamas as a liberatory organization and why they distrust Hamas because of its past history and because of its charter. And they're trying to educate people about the complicatedness of claiming that Hamas is a liberatory movement. And one of the things that really troubles me is what you were talking about in terms of kids not only feeling isolated and dwelling on that for a moment. Isolated means you look around in the classroom, you look around on the campus and you say, I don't know whether these people around me who are not part of my Jewish community, whether they're anti-Semitic or not, I don't know. I can't talk to them because I don't know. And I mean, I'm only drawing off my own experience on this. So I get really wired and troubled by not being able to discuss my feelings about it with the average person. I think that's part of being isolated. But the other part is where you have threats where people make threats against Jews about violence or implicitly about violence, like Donald Trump. You can make a threat that's kind of stochastic, but it's a threat nevertheless. And in this case, think of Cooper Union. Think of those kids who had to be barricaded in a library or something. And elsewhere in the country who are afraid of violence. We haven't seen that before. Seymour, we haven't seen that in our whole lifetimes in this country, never even imagined it. And it's happening right now. Daphne, you've got to do something. It's come to a new level, Jay. Yes, anti-Semitism has been here. Yes, anti-Holocaust has been here. I've had the schools that have called me that had swastikas on their walls and I've had to go and talk to the kids. But where it is now, it's coming to the surface. A lot of it has been behind our backs. And now it's coming to the surface. And it doesn't have to be Arab people that are doing it. A lot of other people who have anti-Semitic feelings and tendencies, and they're starting to feel empowered. And they're coming out with it. This young man at Cornell University.  Absolutely incredible that we've gotten to this level. A 300% increase, according to the ADL, a 300% increase just in the last few weeks. The FBI office here has said they've never had as many anti-Semitic and anti-Jewish issues that have popped up. So we are, we're facing a new reality. Anti-Semitism is on the table now. Not acceptable. We have to go. Not acceptable. You know, you talk about these kids who may go into court and file into the federal law. What about faculty? What about you? What about, you know, Jewish faculty on the campus or Jewish administrators? David Lassner, why can't he go to court? Why can't he do something? I'm waiting to see a real pushback on this where there are sanctions and there's accountability. If your co-faculty member is doing things to ruin our young people in college, to distract them and misdirect them and demoralize them, then somebody in the university should do something. We would like to see a condemnation of the attacks by Hamas on the citizens of Israel on October 7th. The fact that there was no condemnation, I think does de-center our sense of a moral compass. I think for Jewish faculty and students and staff who have some connection to Israel, whether Jewish, being Jewish or not, to have not had a public condemnation was disheartening and demoralizing and frightening that these horrific things could take place and that there would be silence. And then on top of that, that it could be celebrated. I think that was emotionally very destabilizing for a lot of people because one would think you see babies being killed, you see seniors being kidnapped, you see young people at a musical festival, trying to celebrate peace. You see people who live near the border of Gaza committed to peace with the Palestinians, sending their children to schools where they learn Hebrew and Arabic and they teach the history of the Palestinian people, and people who are peacemakers killed brutally, brutally in front of their own children. How? How do you see that? And how is not your first reaction to condemn? How is your first reaction not moral shock? How do you stay silent? And how do you celebrate that? I think that was the beginning of this sense of disconnect from the community because we need leaders, moral leaders, who did people who have institutionalized leadership positions to say clearly under no circumstances do we ever condone or stay silent when a baby is killed, when a grandmother is kidnapped, when young people are brutally murdered. Okay, but you say how, how can we tolerate that? I say why? Why do the kids, you know, here we live in a diverse community, aloha, land of aloha, yet the Native Hawaiian crowd at UH is anti, is pro-hamas, it's really interesting how they run a tarot with that. Why doesn't somebody do anything about it? I mean, my problem is why? It's a perversion of liberalism, right? As you identify as a liberal person and somehow on college campuses, liberal now includes the Palestinians. And if you want to support the Palestinians well, it's plus and minus, it's digital. Now you have to oppose the Jews and the Israelis. But I read you a list of all the possible causes and I can read it again if you want. But query, why? Why is this happening? I don't think we can fully appreciate how to deal with it unless we understand the factors or the combination of factors that have made it happen. Jay, I think you just answered your own question. It is a combination of factors, hatred, intolerance. Those are things that are inbred in a lot of people and you're not gonna change them with the whys. You're only gonna change them with action, education. That is the only thing that is going to make us able to live in a better world today. I don't think there's an answer to the why. It's just not gonna happen. We have to educate, we have to make sure that the children of today understand how to make a better world. Goddamn social media, I love it in some ways, but man, it is the worst thing that has happened to people who can be biased or can learn how to be biased. It is terrible and our news also is not great. So on that point Seymour, let's talk about the Israelis versus the Hamas public relations campaign. Part of the war here is not a kinetic war. It's a propaganda war. And I mean, you gotta give credit to the Hamas for understanding that. The Israelis sometimes expect people to read up on it and they don't really give you enough information to work with. Well, the answer is quite simple, Jay. Hamas has an excellent PR program. Today from Lebanon, we had somebody that talked about, we didn't really mean to kill those children or kids. It was a mistake that had happened. And then the question was asked by the interviewer, well, you went into a stadium where there were kids listening to music and you mowed them down. He took off his microphone and walked away. We know they're liars. We know that what Hamas says is truly 99% not true, but they can relate to the people who want to believe them and they will believe them and they'll just pile on Israel all the time. So we can't stop the PR program. Israel's PR is getting better. We can counter it. Daphne, what do you think? I mean, of course we know that Hamas wanted to make a PR campaign against the Jews. They always do and use human shields to enhance that. But what about the Israeli IDF? What about the Israeli government? What about Netanyahu? Have they done a good job? Could they do better? And furthermore, the Jewish community in the United States, would they do better in confronting the propaganda that's coming out of, you know, BDS and Hamas and the Palestinian organizations? Can't we do better? I find a large user reluctant to express themselves. They were reluctant to go on these protests. They were reluctant to write pieces and force the media to print them. What can we do? Well, we have a bit of a distancing that happens between the Israeli Jews and American Jews. And so part of what happened is a division along political posturing and identification that we haven't seen before. So historically, American Jewish people tend to be Democrats. And with Netanyahu and Barack Obama was the beginning of sort of a breakdown of a relationship between the US and Israel personally. I heard they did not get along. But we begin to see Netanyahu sort of giving up on American Jews, giving up on American Jews who were progressive and on the left and making an appeal instead to the evangelical Christians to the right wing. And so as soon as you make that move, as soon as you have the alliance and allegiance between the policies and the politicians associated with Netanyahu along with the evangelical Christian right, the Jewish Americans are confused and liberals in general are confused. What they see is Netanyahu. What they see is Netanyahu and a cabinet that included the very far right that otherwise would have never had any kind of political power in a very similar way that we saw Trump make allegiances with the evangelical right in the US and risk his own country in terms of providing a kind of propaganda tool that he hadn't lost the election and we saw an insurrection. So when people, American liberals, Jews see this happening in the US and they look and see what's happening with Netanyahu and the cabinet there, there is a much easier alliance with the Palestinian cause, right? Because what we've done is we've created a fracture between Israeli Jews and American Jews along political identification. So it becomes for the American Jews who tend to lean left traditionally, the American Jews on the right may or not having this kind of problem, but those on the left have had a very difficult time. And so part of what they need to do, which is a very difficult move is to still explain how and why the Jewish people have a right to self-determination, the Jewish people have a right to defend themselves, Israel has a right to exist even as the progressive Jews are arguing the opposite and are arguing for other things depending on how radical they are. So I think what's happening is it is a very complex nuance argument that needs to be made and that kind of messaging does not work well on social media. That kind of messaging does not find itself well on a placard and does not show up in chance at protests. And so those of us, I included, who tend to lean towards the left on many issues and I'm still believe that Israel has a right to exist and to defend itself. We find ourselves in a very difficult rhetorical position that really universities should be fostering and encouraging nuance, complexity, dialogue, conversation, study across a variety of different perspectives bringing in history, political science, sociology, all the experts, multiple points of view to begin to understand how we got at this place. That should be the work of the university, not professors knowingly misleading by using inflammatory rhetoric, not professors using social media to inflame. Rather the university has a role, it has a role in that it should take its knowledge to bear, its expertise in history, social science, sociology, rhetoric, et cetera and lay this for the students out for them to decide, for them to study but they should always be clear that these issues are complex, that we need to listen to the other side and the university needs to be a place of debate and respectful discussion. So that- I'm about to survival of the state of Israel. Excuse me, it sounds very academic, Daphne. And we're seeing our both of you. I'm an academic. So I'll seem or ask, you know, answer the question about the survival of Israel because I'm talking- I have, listen Daphne, everything you said is 100% correct. And obviously as an academic and somebody who could teach Jay and I a lot more about what's going on in the university world. In the real world outside, I believe Israel will survive. I think Israel is very, very strong. I think at this stage, all the lefts and all the rights have come together to help Israel to the point where money is flowing, millions and millions of dollars are flowing. I just received a request from one of my friends in Israel to get them 2,000 special vets that they need and 2,000 many, many things. And I'm getting my people in China building it for them. Everybody is helping Israel today. So I don't see a problem with Israel right now. And I don't want to make sure or I want to make sure that the audience understands what is happening in Gaza is horrible. I mean, it's awful to see all these people killed and, you know, displaced, et cetera. And the biggest question I'm asked all the time, what happens after? We can't worry about after. Right now we must worry about eradicating Hamas. We must get rid of Hamas because they have made their charter to destroy Israel. They have to be gone. We have to get the hostages back. Those two things are the number one, the number two. We can discuss at a later date what we're gonna do to help Gaza if we're gonna get the other Arab countries to pitch in and do what they have to do. I think that is possible right now. I really do. Maybe on myopic, but in my opinion, the world is going to be a much better place in a month or two or three because the Middle East will be a much more secure place in the world. And don't forget Israel is the only democratic society in that area. Of course, you're speaking to the choir, Seymour. And we're convinced. Both Daphne and me are convinced. Daphne, have you ever heard of Stand with Us? Yes. This is an organization that's sort of on the other side of BDS and they work across the country to deal with the kind of poison that BDS puts out. But I've always felt that Stand with Us needs to be bigger, stronger, more ubiquitous around college campuses. Do you agree? What I would say, and I said this to my colleague, he said something like, well, we don't hear enough of the other side. He said, I'd really like to know your perspective. We don't hear enough of it. And I said to my colleague, well, that's because there's a boycott. So how do you hear the other side? You can't have it both ways. You cannot boycott Israel and not allow scholars from Israel, artists from Israel, musicians from Israel, topics about Israel, and then claim that we're open for discussion and debate. What that does, it sets up a climate in which there is this lack of information, in which there is a lack of dialogue, and in which we can't have meaningful conversations across differences because one group has been just taken off the table, has been told you're not allowed on campus. You're not allowed to speak. I mean, when you take that kind of stance in an academic environment, you're really doing damage to the academic principle at the heart of what the academy is about. And I will also say that no other country is under this kind of boycott, not Russia, not North Korea. So you begin to wonder what exactly is going on here. But I think what we have attempted to do again and again is try to make the argument that BDS is not helping the situation, right? And is contributing probably to this lack of education, this lack of information because we simply cannot get our experts, our scholars, on campus. So that is a big problem from my perspective. The other thing to know about BDS is that its ultimate goal, if you look at what Omar Barghouti, I think is his name, I'm sorry, but it looks like it's just about boycotting and divesting and sanctioning, but the ultimate goal of BDS is the eradication of Israel. It's about the end of Israel. So if you look close enough, if you look very closely at what they're actually attempting to do, it's not about we oppose the settlements in the West Bank and therefore we want to sanction Israel for a while. This is an existential threat to Israel. They do not believe Israel should exist. They're framing Israel as a settler colonial state that should not be there. So that's something else that people don't know, well-meaning people might say, well, the settlers really shouldn't be there and I feel terrible for the people in Gaza. Yes, I signed on for BDS, but you must know that the ultimate goal is the eradication of the Jewish state to be clear. So if, but if we cannot even have this discussion, that's not a productive academic environment. We need to be able to say these things. We need to be able to discuss them and we need to be able to be clear about their motives. If what they really are saying is they do not believe the Jewish state should exist. They do not believe Israel should exist. Do not hide that. Do not pretend you're about something else. So tell the truth. And then those of us who would argue that it should have, that does have a right to exist, let us make our arguments. Yeah, don't forget the funding. My recollection is that BDS is funded in substantial part by Hezbollah and Hezbollah is funded in substantial part by Iran, whose mission it is to destroy the state of Israel. So it's part of this global war we have found ourselves in. It didn't start in October 7th. It's been, as Seymour has said, it's been going on. And the problem is in part, at least in this country, it's happening on college campuses and it's having a really destructive effect on academic freedom and on the student body, I'm afraid to say. And I think steps have to be taken and it's a very difficult question when I, when you ask how and I ask why, the problem is, what do we do now? Anyway, I think we have to have another conversation to explore these things in light of other events which will take place here at UH and elsewhere across the country. Let me offer you each to take a minute and give your final comments, your message, your takeaway to our viewers to leave an impression on them.  I would like to say that the way I see the role of the university is one of the few places in which people who profoundly disagree can meet together and discuss and hear one another's point of view and hopefully learn from a variety of different disciplines and perspectives. That's the role of the university. And if we return to that mission and we remember that mission, at least the climate on campus could significantly improve. So that is my vision and that's what I'm continuously trying to put forth as what I'm attempting to accomplish. It's not so much for me about using my platform to argue for a particular point of view. At this point, what I'm trying to use my platform for is a recognition of what the university's mission is, a recognition of its potential toward better understanding, towards educated decision making, towards educating a citizenry that is capable of making responsible decisions. We have that resting on our shoulders. So before we start posting things on social media that we know do not do the complexity of the issues justice, before we enlist our students in some kind of propaganda war, we should remind ourselves of the responsibility we have to educate citizenry for a democracy in which they are used to contending with multiple views on multiple perspectives and have the critical thinking skills to root out propaganda, to root out unethical argumentation. That is the role of humanities within the universities. And that's what I ultimately wanna argue for. Now the stakes are really high because the people who come through UH and every university, every college in the country, those people are the future citizens and leaders of the country. And they need to have a moral compass. And if they don't, you know, the, oh my gosh, I wouldn't wanna be around for that. That's the end, as you say, that's the end of our democracy. Seymour, okay, take a minute. Give us your final thoughts. I wanna speak, Jack. I want to emphasize peaceful confrontation. I know what Daphne is talking about is absolutely true. And we need to be able to have open discourse between both sides. There is a case for a Palestinian two-state. There is a case for Israel to do exactly what it's doing. But what has happened is we have become such a violent society.  We seek violence all over the world. And it seems that life doesn't have the value that it used to have. We've gotta bring that back. We have to make sure that what we want for our world to be is a world of peaceful confrontation, being able to talk to each other, being able to understand that we have differences, whether it's Republican or Democrats, conservatives or liberals, we need to be able to talk and give our point of view without getting violent. Thank you, Daphne. Daphne, that's it. And thank you, Seymour, it has been great to have you. We will circle back because this conversation is not finished. Hello. Thank you. Hello. Thank you, Daphne. Thank you, Seymour.


Thanks for checking out this video. So here is the information on what is coming to shudder for August I think a lot of people see it's a little bit lighter as opposed to what July was for exciting titles Although there is one title in particular that I'm excited about because it's been on my list to check out So can't wait to get there. So first of all, there's going to be a new season of the show slasher Yes, it's the one that was on Netflix But now it's going to be on shudder and it's their season for which will be called flesh and blood just so you know This is going to be available in the US and Australia and New Zealand a Wealthy but dysfunctional family gathers for reunion in a secluded island only to learn They'll be pitted against one another in a cruel game of life and death all while being stalked by a mysterious mass killer Nothing is what it seems and no one is safe as the tension and body count ratchets up Sounds good. I will have a No spoiler review coming out before the episodes start hitting shudder I have the first two episodes to review So no spoiler reviews will go up just for probably the first two episodes unless I can get my hands on the other One's just to give you an idea of what the show is looking like and if I recommend it or not Oh and just a reminder all of these shudder original and exclusive things I always have no spoiler reviews for those the week they come out and it's usually on a Monday Either Monday or Tuesday sometimes on a Friday if it's coming out like the following Monday or Tuesday So just look for those on my channel So speaking of that a shudder original film a teddy is coming on August 5th Oh, I forgot to tell you flesh and slasher flesh and blood is coming August 12th So coming August 5th is Teddy shudder original film coming to All areas that get shudder everyone's getting it 20-something Teddy lives in a foster home and works as a temp in a massage parlor Rebecca his girlfriend will soon graduate a scorching hot summer begins But Teddy is scratched by a beast in the woods the wolf that local angry farmers have been hunting for months as Weeks go by animal impulses soon start to overcome the young man Sounds interesting enough sounds like werewolf. Maybe not, but I'm down with werewolf stuff The next one is coming August 10th, and that is bleed with me. That's a shudder original coming to the US UK Ireland Australia and New Zealand. So sorry. No Canada for this one Rowan a vulnerable outsider is thrilled when the seemingly perfect Emily invites her on a winter Get away to an isolated cabin in the woods Trust soon turns to paranoia when Rowan wakes up with mysterious Incisions on her arm sounds interesting haunted by dreamlike visions Rowan starts to suspect that her friend is Drugging her and stealing her blood Interesting twist there. She's paralyzed by the fear of losing Emily, but the but she must fight back before she loses her mind Interesting, okay, then August 19th Shudder exclusive we have Jacob's wife, which I've heard a lot about I know Barbara Crampton and Larry Fessenden are in it So I've been very interested to see this one. This one is coming to everyone who gets shudder Ann is in her late 50s and feels like her life and marriage have been Shrinking over the past 30 years through a chance encounter with the stranger She discovers a new sense of power and an appetite to live bigger and bolder than before However, these changes come with the toll on her marriage and a heavy body count very interested in that one sounds good Then the last shutter Exclusive coming August 26 is called mosquito state and this one is coming to everyone who gets shutter August 2007 Isolated in his austere penthouse overlooking Central Park Obsessive Wall Street data analyst Richard Boca sees ominous patterns His computer models are behaving erratically as are the swarms of mosquitoes breeding in his apartment an infestation that attends his psychological meltdown Interesting that sounds like a really weird concept, but I'm in obviously I will have no spoiler reviews for all those coming Okay, so I only have a list of all the films other than the shutter exclusives and originals that are Coming to the US so none of these listed are coming to anything but the US unfortunately So just so you know August 1st Dolls this is the one that's been on my list to see for quite a while And actually there's two now that I remember there are two films that are coming in August that I'm really wanting to see So this is one of them dolls a dysfunctional family of three stopped by a mansion during storm The traveler's young daughter discovers that the mansion's elderly owners are magical toy makers that have a haunted collection of dolls Up my alley. I love the puppet master films. So I've heard this one's good.  Gotta love it. This is the other one I'm really excited about which finder general aka the conqueror worm also coming the first Starring horror icon Vincent Price a young soldier seeks to put an end to the evils caused by a vicious witch hunter When the latter terrorizes his fiance and kills her uncle very excited for that one That's a film. I've been meaning to see for a long time So finally get that done and then the last one coming August 1st is dead calm After a tragedy John Ingram and his wife Ray are spending some time isolated at sea when they come across a stranger Who has abandoned a sinking ship? Okay, sounds intriguing enough Coming August 3rd good manners Clara a lonely nurse from the outskirts of Sao Paulo is Hired by mysterious and wealthy Anna as the nanny for her unborn child The two women develop a strong bond, but a fateful night changes her plans for more contemporary Werewolf films check out. Okay. That's just a recommendation. Sorry about that That sounds interesting enough.  That sounds awesome. I'm very interested in that one And also coming August 9th is bloodthirsty Directed by Amelia Moses gray is an indie singer who is having visions that she is a wolf When she gets an invitation to work with notorious music producer von Daniels at his remote studio in the woods She begins to find out who she really is Interesting sounds like another werewolf thing sounds like you're dropping quite a few werewolf things in August. I'm down with that Coming August 16th a field in England From director Ben Wheatley during the Civil War in 17th century England a group of deserters free from bat flee from battle through an overgrown field Captured by an alchemist the men are forced to help help him search to find a hidden treasure that he believes is buried in the field Doesn't sound that interesting to me But let me know if I'm wrong on that if I should check it out. Also coming on August 16th is Borgman a Vagrant enters the lives of an arrogant upper-class family turning their lives into a psychological nightmare in the process Sounds like it could be good Coming August 17th Dave made a maze That's an interesting title Dave an artist who has yet to complete anything significant in his career Builds a fort in his living room out of pure frustration only to wind up trapped by the fantastical pitfalls Booby traps and critters of his own creation. Huh? That actually sounds really cool I'm pretty interested in checking that one out and the other one coming on August 17th is anguish a Controlling mother uses telepathic powers to send her middle-aged son on a killing spree. That sounds interesting And then two more films both coming on August 23rd cheap thrills a Scheming couple put a struggling family man and his old friend through a series of increasingly twisted Dares over the course of an evening at a local bar Maybe and the final one nothing bad can happen Inspired by horrifying true events tore a young lost soul involved with an underground Christian punk movement Falls in with a dysfunctional family who test his seemingly unwavering faith Okay, so there it is As you can probably see a little lighter than what July was they really hit hard in July. There's a lot of good stuff There's still stuff on my plate that they've added in July that I really need to get to so I'm fine with it being a little bit lighter for August But like I said very excited about Dallas very excited about which finder general What are you excited about? What do you really want to see also? What should I be king in on that? I that I haven't expressed interest in put it in the comments Recommend what of the films coming in August should I definitely check out and obviously if I do I'll do reviews for them But thank you very much for taking your time to check this out Do me quick favor hit the subscribe button if you can if you like this video or any video I've ever done that's your way to support me to keep me motivated Takes you literally a second totally painless costing no money. So if you could do that for me be greatly appreciated I always do these every single month so you can always check back to my channel And like I said all the shutter exclusives and originals I have no spoiler reviews for before those films go up on shutter that is so wonderful anyway Thank you everyone for taking your time to check this out until next time keep it brutal