How's it going everybody? Dato away here back with some more dragon ball fighters rank matches this time playing a team of all vegetas You know the three base Vegeta Super Saiyan Vegeta and Vegeta blue Yeah, we played the team a full Goku a little while back just to test out the new Goku day colors And unlike Goku the Vegeta did not get his own manga colors But I mean I just felt like playing a team of Vegeta's base Vegeta is good enough to warrant that this character isn't saying Obviously, I think most people agree. He's pretty good. Oh My goodness First Super Dash of the game was giving us good old result. Is it now? Okay? I never mind. I saw Super Saiyan Goku in this stage has a dramatic finish But I was I was thinking is there a character he could do that with on my team? Let's go early 6m.  We can't go for that option anymore though If you do a 6m that early, you just kind of have to accept that You got a you got to do another knee after that. That's right No, don't hold me down. Oh my goodness. Okay. That's not bad Had a block they're gonna guard cancel just so we can get out But we can play some neutral with this Vegeta. Unfortunately neutral is over. It's time to block no Zamasu grab no dragon rush Here's we lose those. Oh I don't know why I wasn't ready for that. I guess I thought energy cut him would hold in there for a bit longer Yeah, yeah, I deserve that he definitely was I think he was specifically trying to bait that out and he was right I was I was mashing No tags that's Super Saiyan Vegeta gone already and we lost our spark So this is actually a pretty big deficit. This is gonna be a hard deficit to overcome. I Don't I don't I don't disagree with our spark call But it is it was unfortunate that we didn't get anything off of it and base for G to make this comeback Oh stop stop. No don't 6m. I wasn't ready Vanishing I don't think that was on was that on purpose. I don't know. It looked weird how that connected why'd I guard cancel? Oh, it actually worked take is powerful, dude Geez, I am just getting assaulted by this Vegeta sis. Can I get put down appreciate you There we go. All right, finally we hit some buns. We're back out I'm just gonna keep it mid-screen. I guess right okay. I Got hit. Oh, I didn't even know nice bit nice reflect Okay, no no actually does combo after that was clean. Does that it? I was gonna say I don't think that I Didn't think I'd block that either That's he read him to me Again, we just keep getting reflected. Okay, so in those situations, don't go for a sec. What's happening? That was kind of sick Okay The defense is looking a bit better another guard cancel though I'm getting worried that one of these days we will get what we probably deserve for doing that Which is going to be a swift 2h didn't even see the beam start up That is going to actually no bar and the bar is not building very fast. We're gonna live nice Why did I do that through key blast that was a rough decision Ten Vegeta blue make this come back alone. I'm gonna go with the hard. No But I still believe. Oh, I would have believed more if we I'm reacting to the genus is poorly because I keep thinking That he's gonna try to dive kick in to get like pressure on so I always try to stop him before that happens And it's just worth all thinking be dying. That's him. That's game one. Oh good game one for my opponent there We are going to have to clean up the play a lot if we're gonna want to win So stop with as much 2h Start going for maybe more reflex if we think he's gonna dive kick that would probably help out a ton I'm trying to think of other areas where we just sucked overall. We just sucked of course, but I'm trying to nice I'm trying to look for like specific areas. We did to get reflected a lot as well. I 2h'd again that time. We actually did block it, but I thought we had the angle. I Try to 2h again All right start off with a dragger. What is with me and 2h'ing right now? I can't stop going for it three bars. Can we get it? No Yeah, okay, I'm not gonna Because it worked that time. I'm a genius See that's how fighting games work. I 2h a million times it hits genius. He's gonna spark No, no spark, but we do get to confirm all right We're already up. This is already way better than we did last round And we are only a couple seconds into the match. Why just EX right away. He's gonna try to dive kick here Now he didn't Thomas who boom that is a bad move. We see Zamasu. We get this punish. All right, there's the spark Wanna, there's the super dash 6m that was genius didn't get to confirm off of it So we you get the time to adjust no tax either. All right, not bad though. We did block two 6m We didn't reflect afterwards though, which could have been big You've got to do more reflects there Okay, I thought two was the what we were aiming for but that's fine We lose base Vegeta not terrible because both of our other characters are so healthy as well as having a sparking lead But obviously losing base Vegeta. They're kind of sucked That confirmed Okay, I didn't think that would confirm level three knocked out in the corner. Can you block the mix? Oh No Had to hit you with the audible mix real fast Sorry about now what I had to have I had to fake like I didn't have confidence Just for the record if any historians are out there. I had no confidence. I just happened to knock like any but DP Hold on. Let me I'll talk to you later historians. Let me hang up.  That was some great staggery. We want to look out for that DP on the second rotation We blocked it brought it home. I feel like overall other than the two H's at the start. That was some good improvement We made the improvements. We listed. I think we blocked six ends. We didn't take a dragon rush, but I mean come on I'm not trying to discover the eighth wonder of the world How many wonders of the world are there? It's times like these where you just say something then realize you might not even remember the facts I Got hit again. He can come off this those for the dragon rush option probably probably the best option Taking a dragon rush has become a vital inclusion. We must take a dragon rush If for nothing else just to stop it from looking like the perfect idea, which it is We just have to make it look like it isn't I don't know why I sparked. I shouldn't have to be honest All right, I'm gonna go for a dragon rush. I just keep the damage up. Oh, no He didn't do it. He didn't do it. He didn't do it Really really that My key blast even flew out of the empty void. That's where I was All right, I'll take it. I'll take it. No confirm off that. I Just really got to start letting these buttons fly in that space.  I feel the storm brewing and I will take it Didn't even take it. No Our team is leaking right now this kills he has to do a full cycle through his team, but that's okay All right. Well, if we're gonna pick up the pace it has to be now Ideally we don't even let super saiyan Vegeta. He switched out the plaque, which is actually probably a little better for us This is not a great situation to be in Vegeta says to just absolutely lock it down press one too many buttons Vegeta will be there to make sure you pay And that is what happened here.  He hasn't gone forever. What's this guy? No? That I think is brutal No air to air victory either. Oh, no the media must have come out of like a frame or two too late I don't I'm still trying to win this I Will still win this whoa, I did a little I I did the input for a level one instead of a little three But that was about as far away from a win as possible. What is it to one now? Is it to one it is? Oh, no We can't let it happen. We can't we got a push through We can't let the Goku black strategy take us down We're gonna get a rematch, please Don't toy with me I don't even the stamp the stamp and message correlation didn't really hit me there. I'll take it and a little damage on Vegeta Okay, we're moving we're moving we can do the keyblasting here early spark There we have there we see our own a little Vegeta situation Just moving at this point.   Oh, let's go That's what I like to see five bars for a message. I don't even know what the message said I left it blank It just said subject With a picture of that J-Pig attached. Oh my goodness. Why are we flying? We're flying. It's everything's going right. I like this offense. Just do it again Just keep doing it at this point. We are just moving right now Everything is clicking blue Vegeta at the at the at the lead. I Got crossed up by Super Dash. Okay, wait, wait, hold on. Don't let that stop the momentum That was devastating, but don't let it stop the momentum DP that's fine. That's fine three bars not gonna use it for the knockdown and cities gonna push us out of the corner with Vantage Big bang as well. Okay, we're gonna switch out here.  I didn't do H. I right there was the perfect spot. Oh, that sucked That sucked, but we're still we're still in a great spot. I can't let myself get razzled right now We just need to bring it home the confirmation off the assist from behind I just got too excited, but we still get the second game win. Oh my goodness I got too excited off that assist from behind. Oh, that was almost devastating If we won off that I would have felt so good. I thought the Gallagher was gonna pick me up more That's why I went for that but game four. That was great game for what good two to two. Can we bring it home? I just want this win now. I just I Can see it this way is firmly in the rear view mirror. I want this win These vegetas are hungry. No loops. I don't want them. I don't eat loops Why is this guy healing so much? Give me that sparking timer. None of that. We will have none of that here. Oh my god Let's go getting hit is the new wave Getting hit is the new wave We just get hit and then play offense again. That's great. Nice tech. I'll give it up. That was good Nice reflect as well. Okay, okay stopping the movement the movement has been stopped for now We're gonna make this come back He knew he he could feel the momentum. He's got to take it back. I agree. I agree with the level three Actually put me on ice a little maybe force of sparking even I'm just getting caught by that reflect I don't know why I don't know what inside me is telling me. Hey, click a button, man It's a good idea, but I'm gonna stop listening to that guy If I can obviously it's an inner fight Nice No, level three. Oh Man, come on. It would have worked. I think it would have worked level three wake up level three. It's an option That's that's that's bad That's really bad No, none of that. Let's go. Let's go. He thought I was gonna drag it rush or something That's death That actually might be a one bar death. Is it I'll take it Gallant gun Okay, come on Vegeta versus two Vegeta's I hate to say it, but it's a pure numbers game at this point And you're outmatched. Let's go That's sick. Run up grab this man by the shoes Level three. What's the mix? What's the mix? There is no mix. There is no mix Let's go. All right. That's gonna do it for this video Hopefully you all enjoyed the team of Vegeta's I'm this close to becoming the legendary super saiyan Thank you so much for watching this video Let me know your favorite moment down below in the comment section while you're down there Make sure to the like button and subscribe if you enjoy the channel I want to support it and you can also check out some more videos that should be on your screen right now other than that Thanks for watching this one all the way to the end. I have been dr. Doa and I will see you in the next video


My name's Ben Care and I was born with Cruzan syndrome. It's a cranium facial anomaly.  Doctors would come to my parents and they would tell them that I would live a different life and in fact I have. I've had to choose to be a victim or a victor on a daily basis. I want to tell you one time in the summer we went and hung out with my cousins in the Midwest where the heat is hot. In the middle of the day we jumped in a boat and after all the water fun we decided to jump in the lake and get a little bit cooled off. But it wasn't cool enough so we went to an ice cream parlor. As we got on the shore we jumped out we ran up to the ice cream parlor. I remember being in that line with all my cousins and all my family members and my parents. As we got closer to the line I started feeling a little bit uncomfortable. I felt this feeling before. There's a little child in front of me that saw my face and could tell that I looked a little bit different. I don't know if anybody else in my family noticed but I sure did. I saw him hiding behind his mom's skirt and just peering his eyes up and over at me and I saw him start to tremble and as he started to tremble I started to tremble. He was looking at me and it was something that I couldn't change. He was looking at me because of my face.   She collects her ice cream and runs out of the store with him screaming and crying pointing at the monster pointing at me. I forgot what ice cream flavor I ordered I forgot how it tasted because I was just focused on what just happened. I remember all my cousins and all my family members were just silent after that. You could hear every single step as we walked outside that ice cream parlor to the boat. I never wanted so badly to wear a seatbelt in a boat because it would have been giving me comfort and security and safety. I remember my mom and that boat on the way back to my cousin's house telling me to remember who I was that I was a son of God to remember who I was that I was somebody that I was a force for good that I was going to be a leader in life and that I could make a difference. She reminded me that day that no matter what people saw in me or the difference they saw about me that I could make a difference that I could choose to be a victor and not a victim. Well that changed my life that simple choice changed my life till today. I choose every day it's a daily ritual it's a daily conversion to decide to be a victor and not a victim. Guys now more than ever in today's society we have the opportunity to choose into fear or to choose into hope and I know that as we work on choosing into hope hope works. I want to tell you another experience that I thought would never happen. I thought growing up that my biggest trial would be fighting the differences of my face. It would be fighting about how people saw me and how I was born with cruise on syndrome a cranial facial anomaly that would never leave no matter how many surgeries I would have. Well through the confidence and through the many blessings I've had with the support of family that I was gifted I was able to travel around the world specifically through the sport of wrestling. I was able to succeed in that sport and represent the USA accept a scholarship to a local university and meet my beautiful wife in the same athletic department. I remember watching my beautiful wife run track and she wasn't fast enough because I caught her and we were married and we thought everything would be super easy as we decided to start our family. She came from a family of nine kids and I've came from a family of seven. Family was super important to us and we wanted a big family with lots of kids running around the house just like we had done growing up but I want to tell you as we started our family and we tried naturally to have kids it didn't happen and as we went to the doctors that I was also used to for my crani and facial condition this was different. Another person was involved my beautiful wife and our future family would be involved and as we would sit down and the doctors not know what the problem was we felt like we had a moving target not knowing where to go next and so we tried IVF and we tried four times so that we could have our kids.  Four cycles later with two miscarriages a little baby boy and a little baby girl lost our hearts felt broken we didn't know what to do next but we felt like adoption would be the next step for us. We were so excited when we put our profile out there that we would be matched with a beautiful mom as we would go to visit this mom and spend holidays with them and take them out and really enjoy our time with her and her family we felt connected we felt like this was it until we got the email eight months being matched with this mom who was pregnant that we had funded the entire time we get the email that said I'm not placing my baby I don't know how to tell you this I remember reading that email and I remember having those words and be like a dagger to the heart and I remember having my wife grafts around my chest why do we have to go through this again I remember not knowing what to do this was a situation that I just couldn't control I felt like I wouldn't have to go through this I felt like my trials that I'd been through the hardest things when in fact I hadn't but we decided that night that we would walk forward with hope as victors and not victims shortly after that we gained up the courage to go again into the adoption and we were matched with another mom and about six months later she would disappear she would not return calls anymore we felt devastated but we decided every day to have that conversion to be victors not victims to have hope and not live with fear I remember getting the call in early February saying hey there's a boy that was just born do you want him I remember me and my wife we looked at each other and we're just like let's do this we got on the next plane as we touched down I remember meeting the birth mom and her saying would you like to meet your baby boy and I looked at my wife I'm like wait a minute holy cow is this how this works is this how this works holy cow this is actually happening as we walked down and we held our beautiful baby boy we had the opportunity to name them they said hey you got to come tomorrow morning because we got to sign the papers with the baby boy's name we had had girls names out the wazoo because all the adoptions before were little baby girls I was prepared for a boy's name but that night we went to sleep and I woke up with a name that we hadn't prepared for the name of Liam Liam went through my mind I couldn't get back to sleep finally hours later I rested my head and I woke up in the morning and told my wife everything that happened on the way to the hospital my wife looked at me and said Ben that means something maybe Liam is the name as we sat down with the lawyer and the birth mom to sign the papers she said I hope you don't mind I already signed my part of the papers and I named the baby boy I wanted to name him something that meant protective warrior and me and my wife looked at each other were like what did you name the boy and she said I named the boy Liam guys faith and hope is alive and it's alive today and it works when we think God doesn't deliver what we ask for check again he may not always come in your timing but he always comes on time we were started we were emotional as we hugged the birth mom and told her our part of the story as we get up and we walk out in the hall just just with goosebumps on our arms the adoption director comes to us and say I don't know how to tell you this but I just got off the phone she had tears in her eyes and she looks at my beautiful wife and says you're a twin aren't you and my wife's an identical twin and she said yeah I'm a twin she said well there's a baby girl being born in a couple days would you like to raise a girl as well it would be like raising twins I looked over my wife and we were just in awe about how our prayers are being answered how God delivered with all our hope and all our faith and our mentality of being a victor not knowing if that would ever pay off that happened we would go and hold our beautiful baby girl and our beautiful baby boy at the same time and return home and my parents didn't know anything and we surprised our parents but I want to tell you it's not over when you think all the blessings have come through your trials there's more that comes and when God delivers and when he delivers on time he comes with his arms full we would get a call 11 months later from the birth mom of my baby boy Liam and she would say you know what I'm pregnant would you like to raise Liam's brother shortly after that we would show up and we would hold our second baby boy in our arms and we would then return and surprise my family yet again guys in the last 18 months I went from zero to three kids running around with diapers everywhere three car seats our hands are full and if you think our hands are full you should see our hearts hope is alive you have an opportunity to react in life with love and not worry with hope and not fear to be a victor and not a victim of circumstance I always thought that my biggest fight would be against the people that thought I would look different it wasn't so much that way I learned to be a victor and it would serve me in every realm of my life I'm going to invite you to do the same in those moments that you feel that you're back in that corner of life with a choice to be a victor or victim to choose hope but to choose fear and to choose doubt and worry I'm going to invite you to tell yourself that you're enough I'm going to invite you to know and to believe that God does deliver hope works and it works when you work


Two more alleged relatives of opposition United Party for National Development, UPNG President Harande Hlema, who about two weeks ago defected the ruling patriotic front PF and straight away began questioning his character, have also come out claiming they were just forced. This is barely two days after another woman, Richness Monanimwe, also came out to pull her heart over issues she felt her conscience could not allow to keep. Those that have come out now include the man on the center of the discussion, the alleged brother to Mr. Hlema, a Mr. Wilfred Hlema who accused him of being a bad man who took him to prison for stealing his cows. Mr. Wilfred who acknowledges having stolen Mr. Hlema's cows says it was not his wish to tansh Mr. Hlema's name, but was only forced to do so by some people he mentions himself. He was a secretary of Shimbakamburi. He was a direct driver of Shimbakamburi. He was a lodger for almost seven days. Mwaka mba ti kukambi pari hhhmiki nina iya iha kwih hhhmika mba okutia hhhmika mba ti, sa mimikuri mushi hhhmiki nisa kwa ni se kusumakachaloja Zambia. Kandi mba mba kwa zubkamba, dina choka bidi ba gibi naga Shimbakamburi, The major, Shuibe further, so he was not heard even for most of the time. Please bear in mind that the next time I'm coming, we will have to discuss it once more. It's very possible. We are not allowed to step out of the church. As you can see, there is no one who can lift them up. We need to be up to date with the church. If you want to go to church again, to tell them that these children are not available, they can be brought into church on the 3rd of September. Please do not underestimate them. He has since asked for forgiveness from Mr. Hlema, whom he now says he is a good man. I have already heard about the people who stood up for the church. Asaka hofam na waqa, na kama na rufiya niya na mawa na waqa na rufiya na hituha hifidu na mame. Hili hituha hifidu na rufiya na hifidu, pama baa, na mene resu kapa hivide. Ymi foskEPm wa hifidu. Miha wam stiusipa. Otsizo weiqo bio. Tresi uttdesou. Tresi bha mene wame wrezo wrezo wrezo. kakisha kuwa naka maaak складu kuha kwa kuha kwa kuya uko maaak. Nesia kuwa, kora tatua kutvisha kututu kuha uko maaak. Dukta Shomba Kamburi udukawe w 파u kubiyu. Nisha Iilerdi kuwa mati ku wa uko maaam. Kubiyu wa maaiki wanda kukiyu, hisha bati kuwe wana kikikikikikikiki kikikikiki. We did not ensemble the problem of destruction of怪 wardens. We could not agree on these issues. The issue of defection was aninu kwa-anizo. It was not there. We wanted to take thehte Magambiwan to kwa-wanizo in this issue. we are here with standards as witnesses to these allocations. For me, I was taught that I should say anything bad about H.H. that is Stinge, he's not a good person and all sorts of things, even things that he hasn't done and is not even done. Because he's our family, we know him, we are just tired, we're threatened that if we don't do that they will do anything to us. because they are the government, they even gave us an example of the hattim of a family. How would you go about the defection issue? Simon shared light on how the issue to accuse Mr. Hlima of having stolen 500 cars from Mr. Wilfred Kemin, who even on the defection day only said Mr. Hlima stole only 49 cars from him. The issue concerning Keto, the PFJGBM to be specific, is the one who said you should say HH store about 500 Keto belonging to Aga Wilfred. Otherwise, the issue of Keto was not there. They just wanted to spice the whole thing. It was not there. So, Hlima also said that he would make it an abangumb about to 49 for fear of being tortured. That's why he said that.  But we ran away from Chimakambili and he is an GBM, they know that. That's how we ran away from Mwanishiwachi. Miss Mwanishiwachi on the other hand maintains that what she disclosed about having spent a night and Mr. Kambili's house is true and she's ready to defend her statement. Paranati na chokaku sectariati, tinae nda kwewachi Chimakambili kunyumba, anat pereka nideriki chi sola. Wasakambili tis tinae nda kwewachi kunyumba kwa utiwa, niku ziwa na maju kunyumba kwewezi, anat pereka nga tiba funa, bam tumi na foni, bam fose, deriki chi sola. Mr. Garil Kumbode, UPN Dichamon for Elections, who has since been summoned by the police over these issues, says he is ready to face them. I would like to state that doctor is very welcome to take me anywhere and he must learn even from paralegals that people are never sued based on what they hear, because I was told that these people you see here went to his house and it was being uttered by those who went to his house and not myself. So I don't know where it becomes criminal to say I have heard this because just the way he has heard it himself is the way I heard it too. So he may want to take himself to court as well to make it more exciting because he also just heard like I did.


Hi everyone, it's Yamuna Turco. You're Ms. Vermont 2023 and I'm back after a brief hiatus. There was basically a lot going on in my life in August. I moved back into college and I did kind of start working again and getting back into the swing of everything after a lovely two-week break for my Ms. Vermont duties. Today's show is not going to be an interview style. It's going to be me giving you a couple updates about Miss America stuff, talking about how to get in contact with me, but also my community service initiative, which I have talked about before, but there's been so much progress going on with it and I've been able to work with so many incredible partners since I last talked about it, that I wanted to kind of come back to it. So going right into my CSI, which is my community service initiative, if you remember from the first episode, it's One Book One Child, which focuses on encouraging and increasing access to diverse books and stories, especially ones that connect kids with stories very similar to their own, so they're able to relate, but also vastly different to their own, so they're able to see different perspectives and different reasonings behind maybe why people make the decisions they do or lead their lives in such a way. It's important to me because not only did my parents instill a love of reading and learning in me, but also I'm a first-generation American and they connected me with the stories from where they're from, which is my mom is from South Africa and my dad is from Italy and then they immigrated to the US, with stories from their countries and their cultures, but also helped me connect with the United States and the culture here that was so vastly different to theirs, but they were raising a child in it, so that's why I really want to encourage kids to read and I've been so fortunate to work with so many incredible community partners, like the Partnership for Literacy and Learning. I actually attended a networking event of theirs and was fortunate enough to be able to speak at it and meet so many people from school districts and bookstores and that has really led me into leaning more into this kind of work, which has been my whole idea for my year as Ms. Vermont so far, but being able to connect with people that I see doing the work makes it easier to build connections and really broaden my outreach. That does go into part of my next topic, which is donations and connecting with me. So, so far I have collected and donated over 300 books and that has come in the form of physical donations of books, but also in monetary donations, so if you would like to get in contact with me or if you've even seen me just out and about, if you ever see me in person, even if I'm not in the crown and the sash, which you might not recognize me because sometimes I think I'm a bit like Superman and Clark Kent in that aspect, but if you do, please feel free to come up to me and talk to me about it. But otherwise, towards the end of the presentation, I'll give my email and my Instagram because that is a huge way that I network with people and connect with people. Actually, I went to an elementary school recently and I met with their head of curriculum at this PLL event, but I'd also met with a different principle through Instagram because one of her teachers followed me. It was very random, but that's the way that these connections are built and fostered. So I would absolutely love to, you know, work with you, get your donations, also give you donations because that's the other part of my CSI. I go into schools and I go into libraries and into community centers and I donate these books or even moving forward, maybe be able to donate money directly donated to me to buy a specific kind of book. If a teacher needs a book to teach a specific lesson, that would be absolutely the dream. And speaking of my year as Ms. Vermont, next month will be six months as Ms. Vermont. I actually can't believe that it's been so long, but also so short. It feels like I've been doing this for an eternity, but also that I was crowned yesterday. So it's a weird little thing that's going on. So that will come next month, but next month also has a few other exciting things. First of all, Vermont Day is the 12th, the Vermont Day, it's on my slideshow. The Vermont Day is the 12th, and so I will be posting a ton about that because I'm Ms. Vermont. But also I'm pretty sure there's a bunch of other events going on and if there isn't, the leaves are changing, so it's a good excuse to go on a hike. In terms of other updates in October, October 10th is the date that the Miss America Opportunity will announce the official location and date-slash-dates of the Miss America competition. I'm hoping it's still in January because that was what we had originally been told. If not, it'll probably be in the new year. It's quite unlikely that it wouldn't be. And they have a couple of changes in terms of how the competition is also going to be organized. There are going to be, I believe, three nights of preliminaries, which is all the stuff before finals night. So your evening gown and your fitness and your talent and your on-stage question and then all the extra fun stuff you can do to win more scholarship money. So if you're a woman in STEM or a woman in healthcare or a woman who brands, if you own marketing or you're in business, those are things you can also do on prelims nights to win more scholarships. There is also something else they're planning on doing called Miss America's Got Talent, which is all the teen and the miss because the teen and the miss competitions are combined this year. They will be doing all of that on one night. So I believe it's about three hours of talent, probably broken up in half or into thirds, where you can see all 102 people competing, not together, like the miss and the teen are still separate, don't worry. But they will be competing all together as a kind of Miss America's Got Talent. So that's going to be very interesting. And that also goes with the fact that this Thursday, September 28th, I will be participating in the Miss America Lottery. Well, all the miss, our names are randomly selected. And then we get to pick our competition order. And this competition order is for interview and for talent. I'm not entirely sure if it's for the other categories yet, but I know what range I would like. I'm not allowed to tell you, but by the time I see you next, we'll know where Miss America is, we'll know when it is, and I'll know what order I'm competing in. So that's my Miss America updates. Not a ton, a lot of big things, but not a lot of super spread out things. By the time I talk on here next, I'm hoping to have more. Also a very special guest, but that's for next time. And then if you would like to talk to me about my CSI, or if you'd like to connect with me about it, or you have an idea of how I can even do better or help serve your school, community library, community center, would absolutely love to talk to you. My email will be on the screen. It is missvermont2023 at missvermont.org. Or you can just DM me on Instagram. I will also accept that. That's how I made a lot of younger people, which I kind of appreciate because I do check my Instagram more than my email. I'm trying to get better. That's Miss America VT. And my TikTok is also the same if you want. That's super unserious, but if you want to DM me on there, you can. And maybe even give me video ideas because I need help with TikTok. So yeah, that is the Miss Vermont voice for today. We'll be coming back next month starting interviews back up again. I'm hoping to schedule everything out. I have a few people lined up that I think you guys will really like. So that's all for me today. Have a great day.


We're asking whether Christianity is a crutch. Not necessarily the God itself, but the religion. When you look at what it teaches, God is actually a quite villainous character with whose antics we would never put up were they done by a human. So what is the appeal of Christianity? It's amazing how someone could mistake the hero of the story for the villain. Also, when she's accusing God of being the villain, by what standard is she judging his actions? You see, God is the standard of right and wrong. And when you abandon objective morality for a materialistic world view, you're left with no basis for your morality. According to her, we are all stardust bumping into stardust. There's nothing to say that stardust ought to do anything. In God, we have not only found objective truth, but we've also found the solution to our ultimate problem, that sin. Trust in Jesus today.


So there's one other essential property that we haven't yet talked about that we've sort of alluded to when we explored how the positron was discovered back in the first video, and that is whether we are dealing with a particle or an anti-particle. In other words, whether we are dealing with matter or anti-matter. So the example that I just gave you, the positron, is the anti-particle of the electron. Now anti-particles have the same mass as their corresponding particles, but have opposite charge. There's one other key distinguishing characteristic of anti-matter. If an anti-particle of mass m collides with its corresponding particle, they can annihilate. That is, they can make each other disappear. In their place, they emit two photons each with an energy equal to m times the speed of light squared. E equals mc squared is Einstein's famous mass energy equivalence equation. We can write this process out for an electron-positron annihilation as e plus plus e minus goes to two photons. Each photon, in this case, has an energy of 511 kiloelectron volts. The mass of an electron or positron is equal to 511 kiloelectron volts divided by c squared. Basically, the electron-positron can't just annihilate, leaving nothing in their place. Instead, the energy equivalent to two of their masses is carried by those two photons. One important thing to remember is that all particles have anti-particles. So for all particles, there should be an anti-particle out there with the same mass and opposite charge that will cause some kind of annihilation process like this. Now one of the cool things is we can actually detect the gamma rays that come from one of these annihilation processes, and so we can use that to look for matter and anti-matter collisions.


All right, cool. Thank you everyone for joining me today. As you know, POT is the smallest unit in Kubernetes for execution. And the POT security would probably be the first thing you want to address during your deployment. So today, we're going to be talking about the POT security and how to use the Kverno to manage the POT security. Oops, I guess we're in the run. Slides. Just a quick introduction on myself. My name is Shuding Zhao. I'm a Kverno maintainer. And I've been contributing to Kubernetes policy work group, as well as multi-tenancy work group. And I'm currently working at Nomada. All right, so POT security. It is important, right? And Kubernetes has introduced this POT security standards to help you configure the security context of your POT manifest. And the POT security standards has been defined into three different levels. The first one is privilege level, which contains the most unrestricted policy. It provides the widest possible level of permissions. And then they have the space line or default policy, which are minimally restrictive policy while preventing non-privilege escalations. And we also have this most restricted policies following the current hardening best practices. So what are the current existing solutions provided in Kubernetes? What are the built-in solutions? As of now, in Kubernetes, they have introduced the POT security admission in Kubernetes 1.2. And it is offered as a built-in POT security admission controller. And it's currently supported in alpha feature. And the other built-in solution is the POT security policies. As you know, it was running in beta for a long time and has been deprecated in Kubernetes 1.22. And I believe it will be removed in Kubernetes 1.25. There are a lot of blog posts discussions around PSP and why it's been deprecated. If you're interested in learning more about that, I have attached the fill links here for you to visit later. So now, let's take a close look at POT security admission. The PSA is good. It is a built-in Kubernetes validating admission controller. And it'll also help you to migrate from your existing POT security policies. But there are always trade-offs, right? Since it's been currently supported in alpha feature, enabling any alpha feature in Kubernetes would require the access to the API server, which is not provided or available in most of the managed Kubernetes services, like AKE, EKS, or JKE. And the PSA can be enabled in three different modes, like the audit, the audit, weren't, and enforce. And if you have the PSA configured in audit mode, the reporting ability is really limited to audit logs. And in order to enable that, you have to configure the audit policy via the Kubernetes server, which, again, requires the access to the Kubernetes control plan component. And if you have the PSA enabled in enforce mode, the enforcement is really at the POT level, not at POT controller level. Let's say if someone is trying to create a deployment in the Kubernetes cluster, then the creation of that deployment will actually be allowed. But the POT will not be scheduled into your cluster. And it may take a few extra steps for developers to troubleshoot why the POT isn't being scheduled and why, like, yeah, that's the kind of thing. And all these three different modes are enabled at namespace level, which means there is no support for fine-grained privilege. For example, there is no exception that you can make to allow a POT to be scheduled into that namespace if you have PSA configured at that particular namespace. And since the PSA runs the validating webhook controller, there is no ability to mutate the default values to set the security context of your workload and the POT. PSA is good. It is encouraged to start with the PSA for secure defaults. And it is also recommended to use a policy engine, like Kvernal, for fine-grained security configurations and the enforcement of the additional workload and configuration security. For the centralized reporting, the enforcing best practices, and the automation of defaults. So why use Kvernal? There are plenty of a lot of policy engines out there. Why you would choose Kvernal? To answer that question, we have to first understand the goals of Kvernal project, what it currently offers. So Kvernal is a Kubernetes native policy engine, which makes the Kubernetes policy easy to write and manage. And it makes policy results easy to process. In Kvernal, we support the validated policy in audit and enforce mode. We have the mutate policy to add the default values for your POT security context. And then we have this generate policy for you to generate any like default resources upon triggers. Kvernal supports all different types of Kubernetes resources, including customer resource. And it used Kubernetes patterns and practices. With all those being supported in Kvernal and by being Kubernetes native policy engine, Kvernal really simplifies the Kubernetes policy management in this case. All right, if you look at a Kvernal policy within a policy, you can define one or multiple Kvernal rules. And within a true, you can have this match and exclude block defined to select the target resource. Based on the labels, namespaces, namespace selectors and the user enforce, even the POT images or any attributes inside the POT. And in the body of the Kvernal policy, you can specify any of these four patterns to mutate, validate, generate resources, as well as verify images that are used in your workload and POT. Kvernal by default provides this a simple policy library which covers the POT security standards from baseline to restrict level, right? So if you look at this screenshot, it is a Kvernal validate policy which helps you enforce the security contacts of your POT must have run as non-route set to true, both in the POT level, containers level, as well as inside the NA containers, right? And this PSS policy can be easily installed into your Kubernetes cluster using a single line command with customize and kubectl. So next I'm gonna jump directly to the demo to show you how to install those PSS policies. All right, so let's look at the command first. It is a customized command and it posts from the remote GitHub repo and then will be applied all the resource manifest using kubectl apply. And the policies will be installed, right? So let me quickly switch to my terminal. And I hope the font size looks good. I can make it larger real quick. All right, so before we do that, I'm gonna show you the setup for today. I have a simple Docker desktop cluster running. If I do kubectl get POT, get node, there is a single node cluster running there. And I have already have Kvernal running my cluster. If you haven't installed that, it can be easily done by a single kubectl command or you can use a hand chart to install Kvernal. And then obviously all those setup being done in your cluster, let's do the command, right? Let's do customize, build and let's prove from GitHub repo. Not gonna, all right, here it's the command. So once I run that, it'll prove from the Kvernal sample library repo and you can see a bunch of cluster policies that's been created into the Kubernetes cluster. So since Kvernal policy is just a Kubernetes CRD, so you can easily get it using the kubectl get cluster policy and then you'll see all the policies are installed and it's currently in ready state, right? So let me go back to the slides and let's talk about how we can use those PSS policies to manage the pod security contacts, right? So with Kvernal validation policy, it can be configured in Infos or Audit mode. When you have the valid policy running in Infos mode, which means the violations will cause the resource to be rejected and you can also configure the valid policy in Audit mode, which is kind of a soft limit policy. That means when you have any policy violation, the violations will be locked into the policy reports and recorded in the events, but otherwise the resource creation would be allowed. An awesome thing that is supported by Kvernal is this auto-genability. Kvernal automatically generates the policy rules for pod controllers when you have any rules written on pod, right, which means you can simply define a single rule written on pod and Kvernal would understand that and convert all the pod's rules to cover the pod controllers. And this feature is enabled by default and can be configured with this annotation to match a particular pod controller or even turn it off. Right, so the next demo I'm gonna show you today is how Kvernal Infos policy works in a live cluster. What I'm going to do is that I'm going to create a workload resource deployment and then with all those PSS policies installed, I would expect Kvernal reject the resource creation, reject the deployment creation for me. Okay, so before we do that, let's inspect one of the cluster policy. Let's say Kupkado get cluster policy and then let's look at this require run as non-rude. All right, actually before I do that, this is the sample policy available from the GitHub repo. You can see that I have a Kvernal validate rule which matches to the pod. And then there I'm gonna validate the security contacts, run as non-rude has to be set to true, right? So if we install that into the Kubernetes cluster and then spec the policy, oops. Let me just grab the manifest. So you will see there are three rules in total. Remember in this static manifest I only have a single rule available, right? But if you install that, Kvernal would convert the pod rules to cover the pod controller. So you can see there are additional rules being generated. This one is matches the crown draw and we also have another one, another rule match the deployment, demon set, jobs, default set, all those pod controllers, right? So let's go ahead and create the workload, create the deployment in this case. Let's do Kupkado, create deployment, demo nginx dash dash image, gonna use the nginx image. And with this command that you can see, I have no security contacts and especially with that run as non-rude tag, I don't have it set in my deployment. So if I run that command, you would say, okay, so my resource question is rejected by Kvernal validating webhook. And you can see these are the policies that are actually rejecting the resource creation. Right, this is good. So the developers don't need to troubleshoot or find any traces of why the pod isn't being scheduled to the cluster and so on. All right, so this is how Kvernal enforce policy works in the cluster, helps you enforce the pod controllers. And then what about your existing resources that are already deployed in your cluster, right? With Kvernal policies, we can also scan all your existing resources and audit all the policy results in the policy report. By the way, Kvernal uses the policy report CRD, which is provided from Kubernetes Policy Work Group. And you can use Kvernal to generate either in cluster policy report or if you don't want to install Kvernal into your cluster, you can also get the reports from Kvernal CLI. And I've attached a few attributes inside the policy results attribute and you can see we have the policy name available here. We have the resource information, we have the rules and the final result being recorded in the policy report. So let's go back to the cluster. Before I install all the policies, I have a single pod running in my cluster. It's just a ninja next pod, right? So since again, policy report is another CRD, we can get the policy report using the scope code, get policy report, and then you can see the summarize of the report. So this is the report generated for default namespace and there are 34 rules passed and two failures, right? So let's inspect the policy report and see what are the exact failure there. So let's do kubectl, describe PoR, by the way, PoR is just the short name of policy report and you give it name, grab on the failed status. If I do that, you would say there are two violations on pod engine X inside the default namespace and here is the policy that the resource is violating, right? Again, this is another policy that is enforcing the pod configuration. All right, this is the kubectl command you can view the policy report, right? But we also provide this policy reporter as another two which help you view the policy results generated from either Qvernal, Falco, Kubebench, or 3V. And the policy reporter can also be configured to send the notifications to different targets like Loki, Elasticsearch, Teams, Discord, Slack, and so on. Here is just a UI of the policy reporter which gives you the centralized view of all the policy violations. All right, we also have this Kronfana dashboard provided here, if you configure that in your cluster, you will see the score of your cluster. Currently, you can see this cluster got a hundred score here since there's no violation, but if there's any, it'll be reported in this Kronfana dashboard. All right, so far we've seen how Qvernal enforce your incoming admission request. How Qvernal would generate the reports against your existing resource. But how do we remedy the policy violation, right? The simplest way to do that is just to modify the pod manifest and to let it comply with the policy. You install and configure it in the cluster. But think of if you have hundreds of applications, you wanna manage as a cluster admin, it is not an easy job to do, right? So Qvernal, we provide this mutate policy which helps you to set the default security contacts or any other values inside the pod configuration or any other like Kubernetes resource manifest in a flexible manner. So you can choose the resource based on the labels, the selectors and the annotations, any attributes inside the resource manifest and to inject the default values, right? On this example policy, it's just a mutate policy which would operate on the resource type pod. And I'm saying that I want to inject the security contacts privilege to set to false. Okay, so let's go back to the cluster and see how the Qvernal policy injects the defaults. By the way, the autogen is also supported in mutate policy, which means if I have my rule defined on pod, the Qvernal would convert that and mutate the default values to pod controllers. All right, before we do that, let's look at the policy again. Here I have a single rule which applied to Kubernetes pod and I want to set the security contacts privilege to false. And what I'm gonna do next is to create a deployment which is a workload in Kubernetes, right? So I would expect after the mutate policy has been applied to the deployment, it should have has this privilege security contacts at to false. Right, let me put up the terminal and install the mutate policy. To cook, create the chef mutate privileged. All right, before I create the deployment, let's look at the policy again. Since I installed all the PSS policies in false mode, it'll, you know, block the resource creation. So in this case, I'm gonna first patch all the validation failure action to audit to let my resource creation path through. So let's do customize viewed. Dash, qvernals, policies, I believe that's enough, cook auto applied, chef, dash, oops, where am I? No objects, that's interesting. Nice, pod security, let's add this command, qvernals, policies, pod security. All right, so let's get the cluster policy again and see all the, yeah, all the failure action is now patched to audit. So which means my deployment creation would be allowed. Right, then let's go ahead and do cook auto create deployment. Let's say nginx, image nginx latest. And once my deployment is created, let's do cook auto get deployment nginx and grab on the container object. You can see that the security contacts has been set privileged, has been set to false successfully. This is how qvernal mutate policy injects the defaults against your incoming admission request. All right, so we've been talked about how to manage the pod security, how to automate the defaults using qvernal policies, but there is more beyond pod security. It's not just the security for pod configuration, other configurations also need to be secured, right? Some of the examples today, for example, the workload identity. So you would want to guarantee that the single service account can only schedule the same application once into your cluster. And for the fine-grained RBAC, the service configurations, and there is one vulnerability issue has been discovered in Kubernetes, is that the Kubernetes API server allows the attacker who has the ability to create the cluster IP type of service and set the spec.cluster IP field to intercept the traffic to that particular IP address, right? Similarly, you would also want to secure the ingress configuration in a similar manner. The images that are used in your application in your pod also need to be verified for signatures and the testations to prevent supply chain attacks. And the best practice configurations should always be standardized in your Kubernetes cluster. All right, to summarize it, a few takeaways from today's session, right? So it's good to start with the beauty and security configurations like PSA in Kubernetes. And you will also need a policy engine for additional checks, configurations, and automation. And there, Qverno provides a Kubernetes native experience to help you enforce best practices on pod as well as other configurations. If you like Qverno, if you're interested in any of the features we've discussed today or if you have any further discussions you wanna continue with us, please feel free to visit us at Qverno booth. And you're welcome to join our office hour, which is scheduled on this Thursday for 30 p.m. And if you're online audience, feel free to join the Qverno community. We have the documentation of the sample policies for today available from Qverno official website. We're also maintaining the Qverno Slack channels under both Kubernetes workspace as well as CNCF workspace. We meet monthly upon communities and we meet weekly to discuss any issues from contributors and the feature request. All right, thank you everybody. I'm on Twitter, LinkedIn, Slack, anywhere. If you are interested, I'd be happy to connect. Thank you. Anyone have any questions?


In this video, we'll demonstrate how we can solve the side angle side condition using the law of cosines. So side angle side means that we know two sides of the triangle. So let's say we know side B and side C. Those turn out to be 25 inches and 32 inches. And then we know the angle that's interior to the two sides. So in this case, that would be angle A and let's say we know that to be 60 degrees. Now I should first mention that we really like to use the law of signs. It's much simpler to use the law of cosines. But for the law of signs to work, we need to know an AOS, an angle opposite side. So the only angle we know is angle A, but we don't know side length A. So we can't solve using that AOS. If you try to look at B, we know the side B, we don't know the angle B. So we can't use that AOS and same thing with C. We don't know angle C, but we do know the side length of C there. So we're quite stuck there. If we want to know an angle, well, if we know two of the angles, we can find out the third one, but we only have one angle. So the law of signs cannot be utilized yet in this problem. But we can start off by using the law of cosines. Now to use the law of cosines here, let me point out to you that we know angle A. And so we're going to use the law, the version of law of cosines associated to angle A. And that one tells us that A squared plus, excuse me, A squared equals B squared plus C squared minus two times BC cosine of A. So it looks like the Pythagorean equation, A squared equals B squared plus C squared, but you have this correcting factor because it's not an actual right triangle, probably. In which case you have to subtract two times BC, the two numbers which are adding together their squares, and then the cosine of the angle of the square that's all by itself. So let's plug in the information we know here. So we don't know little A, so it's just going to be A squared for the moment. We do know little B, that's 25. We do know little C, that was 32, and minus two times. Well, B was 25, C was 32. Now the good news is if you forgot which one was which, B or C, it doesn't matter. The symmetry of the problem, you'll be just fine. And then we get cosine of 60 degrees like so. And so let's try to compute this thing the best we can. 25 squared is going to be 625. Feel free to use a calculator with the arithmetic and the trigonometry here if you need to. 32 squared is going to be 1024. Next we're, of course, going to get 2 times 25 times 32. 2 times 25 is, of course, 50. 32 is just 2 times 16. So if you borrow one of the twos, you're going to get, of course, 2 times 50, which is 100. That makes arithmetic a lot easier if you do multiplication by 100 there. And then cosine of 60 degrees. Cosine of 60 degrees is actually equal to one half. So that saves us a lot of effort right there. So you get 625 plus 1024 that adds up together to give you 1649. And then a half of 16 is 8. 8 times 100 is 800. So we end up with 1649 minus 800. Their difference turns out to be 849. Like so. That gives us a squared. To find a, we need to take the square root. So you take the square root of 849. That would be the exact value, but let's approximate that. And if we do that to, to one decimal place, the approximation would be 29.1 inches. And so this is the length a, like so. So with that measurement in mind, we can then solve for the remaining information of this triangle. So the other thing we need to know is angle B and angle C. Now we do have now an opposite side angle pair and AOS here. We could use the law of coast, I love signs, excuse me to solve for the remaining angles. That would be perfectly acceptable. And I think we can demonstrate how both of those will work in this exercise here. But the problem is, if we're going to use this AOS, angle side A is an approximation. We have to worry about compounding variables. So if you're going to do that approach, you need to use the exact value and approximate it at the very end. And so let's see how that would work. If we want to find, for example, angle B, what we would get there is we're going to get sine of B over 25 is equal to sine of A over, of course, A, the little A, which is the square root of 849, like so. B we don't know. A we do. So we can actually put in a 60 degrees in for that, of course, sine of 60 degrees. So to solve for sine of B, we can just times the size by 25. So we get 25 times sine of 60. Sine of 60 degrees is going to equal root 3 over 2. And then we have this square root of 849 in the denominator. This would then give us that angle B is equal to arc sine of 25 over 2 times the square root of 3 over 849, which you can reduce that fraction down if you want to. But we're just going to throw this all in the calculator anyways. Not a big deal. You get approximately, if you round to the nearest tenth of a degree, you'd get approximately 48.0 degrees for B, like so. And then once you know that A was given as 60 degrees and since we just found out B was 48 degrees, you can then find the measure of angle C, of course, to equal 180 degrees minus 60 degrees minus 48 degrees like so. And so we get that C would be 72.0 degrees as well. You can find out the missing information that way. And so the law of sines can be very useful to find out the remaining bit of the triangle. Once we use the law of cosines first, the law of cosines was unavoidable. But like I said, there's two cautions you need to use with the law of sines, one of which already was mentioned. That is, you're better off using the real value of A, not the approximation till the very end when you throw it all into your calculator, right? One issue you have to be very cautious about is that when you do sine inverse on your calculator, sine can't tell the difference between an acute angle and an obtuse angle, right? That is, sine can't tell the difference between an angle in the first quadrant and the second quadrant. And so when you consult your calculator and calculate sine inverse of this ratio here, it'll give you the reference angle in the first quadrant. But what if it was the angle in the second quadrant instead? What if it's an obtuse angle? This is the problem because we don't actually know. We're not in a right triangle right now. These oblique triangles could have obtuse angles. There is a reason why I started with angle B using the law of sines right here instead of using angle C instead. Look at their opposite sides. A we now know is 29.1. B was given as 25 and C was given as 32. C has a longer opposite side and because of the law of sines, the longer the opposite side is, the bigger the angle is. The bigger angle coincides with the bigger length and the bigger length coincides with the bigger angle. So the biggest angle of this triangle would have to be angle C because the biggest side is opposite of that. And now if a oblique triangle has an obtuse angle, it has only one obtuse angle. So I guess what I'm trying to say is because the side length of B is smaller, I know absolutely, I know that angle B is going to be an acute angle. It has to be. Angle C could be obtuse or it could be acute like it was in this case. We're not sure. So when we have a choice of angles to solve for, like we could choose angle B or angle C, and we're using the law of sines to do so, it's best to solve for the smaller angle. And this is because the triangle can have a most one obtuse angle, which if it's present, must be opposite the longer side. It cannot be opposite of the smaller side. And this is because sine is positive in both the first quadrant and the second quadrant, which given a triangle, the angles have to be acute, right or obtuse. So they have to lie in the first or second quadrant. Inverse sine can't tell the difference between an acute angle and obtuse angle. Now, I should mention as an alternative approach, we could have actually used the law of cosines to solve for angle B because angle B can tell the difference. Excuse me. Cosine inverse can tell the difference between an obtuse angle and an acute angle. So one of the advantages of using the law of cosines again is that you don't have to worry about this. Do I pick the smaller angle or not? In that situation, you'd get B squared equals A squared plus C squared minus 2AC cosine of B. Like so, little b, we know it's 25. Little a, we know it was the square, but I'm going to use the exact value here. We have the square root of 849. Notice when you square the square root, you'll just get back 849. And then we have 32 squared, like so. Then we're going to get minus 2 times the square root of 849 times C, which was 32 times cosine of B, like so. Squaring these things, we squared 25 before we got 625. When you square the square root of 849, you'll just get 849, like I mentioned. 32 squared is 1024. We already know that. 1024. Then we subtract from that 2 times 32 is 64. We'll just leave the square root there for a moment because what else can we do with it? And then we have cosine of B. So now it's our goal to solve for cosine of B right here. Of course, since we have this negative sign, I'm actually going to move the cosine of B to the other side. And we're also going to subtract 625 from both sides as well. So we get 64 times the square root of 849 cosine of B on the left-hand side now. So we get 849 plus 1048. That's 1873 and we have to subtract from that 625, which that simplifies to be 1248, like so. Next, we're going to divide both sides of the equation by 64 times the square root of 849. Again, we're keeping the square root as long as possible so we don't get any rounding errors here. That should be 649 right there. Sorry. 849 as well. And so then we get cosine of B is equal to 1248 over 64 times the square root of 849. We can simplify that for action if possible. It turns out that 32 does go into 1248 39 times. So it simplifies to be 39 over 2 times the square root of 849. And so then that tells us the measure of angle B is going to equal cosine inverse of this value. 39 over 2 times the square root of 849, which like we saw before, this would give us 48.0 degrees. Then you can find out C with 72 by subtraction as well. So we'll get the same angle measurement for B either way. And so there are some advantages and disadvantages of these two different approaches. Consider them for a moment, seeing them both on the screen simultaneously. I want to definitely argue that using the law of signs is a simpler algebraic approach to finding angle B than the law of cosines. But the thing is, in both cases, you're going to want to use the exact value for angle or for length A to avoid rounding mistakes. But the thing is when you're using the law of signs, remember, you have to choose the smaller angle first so you don't make a mistake. And you can see that by looking at the smaller of the two sides, B with shorter than C. So that's the only real thing you have to watch out for. So you can use the law of cosines if you don't want to worry about this concern whatsoever. But if you use the law of signs, make sure you're focusing on the smaller angle. This is the whole idea behind the so-called ambiguous case, because there are some possibilities, because sign inverse can't tell the difference between acute and obtuse angles. So you have to watch out for that. In this situation, of course, where we're solving the side angle, side situation, just choose the smaller side if you want to use the law of signs or just use law of cosines and you don't have to worry about it.


I just, I just, it's just been, it's been a long fight. It's been a long fight, and I just had to have a warrior spirit, and that's all. So I'm just.


There was a time when a product used to get designed, get fully completed and the package used to be shipped out to the users. This has completely changed. Today you have products which are actually being developed along with the user at every stage. You are actually having to rethink what the user wants. They add features, they remove features and it is a job of the creator to be able to partner with the user and create the end product. If you are an individual who needs to learn how to adapt to a perpetual beta, then I would think of a three box solution. Now, this is what Professor Govind Rajan actually advises for organizations. One is to actually take the existing product, maximize it to the hilt and get as much money out of it as possible. Two, in parallel, remove what is obsolete, remove those processes, remove those features which no longer work. And then third is to reimagine the future and create it in a substantially different way so that you are prepared for the future that is going to come to you. And that means people have to get comfortable being more like an app than an operating system. Every time you switch on your phone, you will realize that your apps are constantly getting updated. There is no one finished product. So ask yourself, do you want to be like the operating system which gets updated maybe every few years, maybe every six months or a year? Or do you want to be an app that gets updated every few days? I wonder what you think about this? I will wait to hear from you. You can drop me an email abhijitbhaduri at live.com or join me on Twitter at abhijitbhaduri. Look for the hashtag digital tsunami. There are tons of interesting links there. I'll wait to hear from you.


So building on a little bit with what we've been talking about in this chapter, I wanted to clarify a few of our questions. Now some of the homework problems we did in recitation, and so you should be quite familiar with what's going on in problem one, in problem two, and problem three. We did those in recitation. Now there's some other problems in here, but I'm going to jump down here real quick to problem number seven. Because we did part of this in recitation, but we didn't actually get as far as what the problem was asking about. So here we've got our sphere of radius R1, and it's got charge all over it, and then we've got a neutral conducting shell that goes around it that has an inner radius and an outer radius. And that's like problem number six we did in the recitation. And we set this up using the Gauss's law strategy of determining how much charge is inside. What's the area where you're trying to find the electric field? And then using our Gauss's law equation where the electric field is the charge inside divided by epsilon naught and AG. So we did that much, and you'll probably have slightly different numbers, but you can get it set up to that. But see the problem doesn't ask us what's the electric field at the inner surface of the shell. It asks us to find the surface charge density. So here's where we can start to use our conductor equations that we developed in lecture today. And that equation says that I can find the surface charge density if I know the electric field and epsilon naught is my constant. So just like we did on the worksheet today, you should be able to calculate the surface charge density. Be careful though and think about it because in lecture today we saw that depending on whether the electric field was going in or out of the surface, you could build up a positive or a negative distribution. So think about how much charge you have here at the center. And this problem may have different numbers than what we had in our problem we did in recitation. So for example, this one in recitation was a positive charge density, and this randomized one has a negative charge density. That's going to affect the direction of the field. And depending on whether the field is going out or in, when it hits that surface, it's going to depend on whether you get a positive or a negative charge distribution. So I want you to keep that in mind as you're solving the problem. I also want you to keep in mind that when we're looking for surface charge densities, our original formula came back to a charge distributed over an area. So you could also think of what we've learned about the charge that builds up on conductors and the area of the inner and outer surfaces of that conductor and use that to help you figure out the sigma values. And it's going to be different on the inner surface and the outer surface because of the particular geometry we have here. I wanted to give you that much of a tip here as you're working on the homework. So you can see that it connects to this concept of conductors, but without getting you too frustrated because it's just enough different that it looks like what we did in recitation, but it's really not because it goes a step further. Now the next problem I want to highlight to you here on the homework is problem number eight. And part of it is because we haven't done too many of these equations, but also remember that there is a slight difference between the formula we had for a conducting sheet and a non-conducting sheet. So if you've been looking at the conducting lectures, you might be tempted to go in here and put your equation for a conducting sheet in, but this doesn't say it's a conductor. In fact, it's not a conductor. So you're going to have to assume it's not a conductor to put this equation in right. And just as a little bit of a hint here, I'll remind you that when you're setting up an equation, you might need to set up a fraction and then you might need to go in here and grab a Greek letter or two and then you need to figure out what you have to put on the bottom of this equation. If we're measuring the electric field just above a non-conducting sheet. If you've got questions, make sure you ask so that you understand what's going on.


Welcome to Geneva for the AI For Good Global Summit 2019. I am delighted to be joined by Joelle Castex, board member of the Zero Abuse Project, an organisation that aims to eliminate child sexual abuse and a sponsor of the AI For Good Global Summit. Joelle, thank you so much for joining us. Thank you for having me here. So Joelle, first of all, tell us a bit more about the Zero Abuse Project because you use innovative technology to fight the online abuse of children.  And tell us about the success rates compared to more traditional methods. Well, usually what happens is that most institutions and most organisations in general try to track individual predators. And that's very difficult because predators are cunning and predators vary from location to location. We use a very different approach. We track institutional behaviour in reaction to predators. Institutions cannot change.  And so we're able to track these institutional reactions that show these amazing patterns of how an institution reacts to someone they believe is a predator. And because an institution is an institution is an institution, we can use these AI findings to partner with other institutions that really want to go in and make a revolutionary change and make sure that their institutions are safer for children and our world is a safer place. Duelle, we spoke a year ago. You were here in Geneva at the time. What progress have you made in the meantime? Has the platform changed at all? Have you made some changes to it? Well, last year we really had an aspiration. We had a dream. And now we are well on our way to an application. We have partnered with Neil Sahoda and Technosys, our technical partner. We have almost completed our basic database and we will be at a minimum viable product at the end of this year. So as sponsors of the summit, tell us about the outcome you like to see at the end of those, you know, five days discussing AI and AI as a force for good. AI has a tremendous force for good because it is a real game changer in the way that we look at technology. And because we're thinking outside of the box, we can really change the way that not only the first world thinks about it, but we can make a difference in the developing world. And that's where we're seeing a real problem with child sexual abuse not being addressed the way it should be. So we're hoping that zero abuse.ai can not only go into institutions in the United States and Europe, but really help the developing world in making sure that areas that have not seen great developments in civil and criminal laws, really we can go in and help institutions make them much safer and make sure that every child is safer from child sexual abuse. And AI is really the platform upon which we can build a safer world. And you have mentioned that you work with different stakeholders. Collaboration is important, isn't it? It's not just about technology. No, partnerships are vitally important. An AI platform can, we can't just go in and say, hey, we're zero abuse and we want to solve the problem. It's our partners that will enable us to end abuse. We can go in with a dream, but we can't build an application without partnerships.  Everything requires partnerships and everything requires a worldwide effort because we can't make the world safer unless we have people coming in together and saying we're going to come together and make the world safer place. Joelle, thank you very much. Thank you.


Zna ki? To je da sem bojne, stejfano? Preprinujem, kaj je? Znam. Paredje vs. Enlega. Ok. Pozirajte konfiguracije na karanele, če je pozir enough. Oje obočno jaz li prachum si trik. V carane del je neko Stav, obkrat tega, če je vzgleda, obkrato so v spesih. Zato, da potožilo lokalne interakcije, lokalne in nezavrne interakcije. Zato, in odkrati, nekaj se dojel, odkrati nezavrne terapise. OK, so, there are three objects on this, on this model. It's plus pins, minus pins and defects, OK? OK, so these are walls from minus to plus, OK? So this is, for instance, a configuration with 12 plus pins, 8 minus pins, and u half is, so u is the number of antiferobons is 4. One, two, three, four, OK? So now you have to move around the walls, the spins, and so on, to count these states. OK, now I give you the result, and then I will do on the blackboard the calculation. The result is that the volume, a given number of plus pins, given number of minus pins, and given number of walls of defects is twice the combinatorial factor n plus over u half, times combinatorial factor of n minus u half, OK? This is true, as you can see, approximately for large n plus, large n minus, and large u, OK? And if you go to, but there is an exact expression that is not published in the paper, so it's worth that I give you two u. It's the first time. So moreover, in the paper, there is a wrong factor 2. So we don't put the 2 in the paper. That was a mistake. So I will do the calculation now for you for open boundary conditions. And you understand that this result depends on the boundary conditions, periodic, open, and so on. So I will do it for open boundary conditions. And for odd numbers, these are the conditions. So let me try if I'm able to reproduce it, because I did it last night. So I do it for u odd and open boundary conditions. So if boundary conditions are open, suppose I have a string of n spins, OK? I choose the first spin with a plus, OK? I choose the first plus. Then if I have a odd number of walls, for instance, 3, then if this is plus, this is minus, this is plus, this is minus. So it means that the n spin must be minus, if I have a odd number of walls. Now, OK, I number the walls, let's say k1, k2, and so on. And now there are, among the walls, there are u minus 1, because u is u minus 1, because the last wall is here, over two walls that have plus spins, there are to the right of plus spins, OK? Did you get this? So you can try a longer configuration and you will convince yourself that you have u minus 1, half walls that are to the right of plus spins. And there are u minus 1 over two walls that are to the right of minus spins. So u is equal to 3, right? Yes. And you have two walls, which are to the right of plus spins, no? This and this. Yes, there are two. Two. U minus 1 over 2 is 1, because I don't count the last one, which is to the right of... Oh, OK. OK. So in fact, I have also to subtract n plus minus 1. So I have to subtract one spin, one plus spins, OK? So the correct number is this, times n plus and minus minus 1, u minus 1 over 2, times 2, because I can flip all the spins and I get a new set of configurations. So the exact expression at finite n is 2 for open boundary conditions is 2 times n plus minus 1 over u minus 1 over 2, times n minus minus 1, u minus 1 over 2. Please check this, because it was... In the large n, the ones goes away and you get the expression that is on the blackboard. So this assumes that you can rearrange the n plus... So I can choose u minus... U minus 1 over 2. This is a way of choosing. U minus 1,5 volts. In certain...  So you are choosing the u minus 1 over 2 spins who have a wall on the right. On the right, yes. You have to do it yourself in order to convince that it is correct. In fact, the way we were reasoning for the fact in the paper was different. OK, then you can do it for close boundary condition. Try close boundary condition to see and fix boundary condition. You will get different numbers but in the large n, all of them will be reduced to this irrespective of the boundary conditions. OK, so do for exercise both the close boundary condition and the open boundary condition. I think you will have to convince yourself. So putting the pluses, maybe increasing the number of walls and play with configurations to convince you that if it is wrong, tell me. Because already we published the wrong result and I don't want to be wrong for the second time. So it was not so bad after all because the factory here was OK. Log 2 over n as Matteo was mentioning yesterday is in the large n is 0 so there is no problem for everything. So it was OK, finally. OK, so you know that to do long range interactions in this case you need to learn a little bit about combinatorics a little bit more than what you learn in the usual courses on combinatorics. It's interesting. OK, so what do you get as an entropy? So now you express n plus and n minus in terms of the total number of spins in terms of the magnetization and of the number of walls and you get this expression for the entropy where you see, here I forgot to say that this is also a function of u. It's an intensive quantity that is the number of walls divided by the number of spins. So I get this other entropy again in the same class of previous entropies and u is not... I don't see u... OK, now it's better. And u satisfies the equation for the energy so the energy is minus j half m squared. This is the q revised there plus k, u, the number of walls. OK? And so you can express u as a function of epsilon in m and then you substitute and then you maximize with respect to m and you get the entropy as a function of energy and you do the same, you do the same and the interesting part of the phase diagram is for k negative, for k positive, this was known also to Kardar and Nagel, for k positive you have a second order phase transition line and the second order phase transition line in the canonical ensemble ends at the canonical tri critical point and then you have a first order phase transition line which ends here. Similarly, as yesterday you can compute this value exactly at zero temperature comparing the paramagnetic to the ferromagnetic energy. OK? You can get exactly 0.5, minus 0.5. Antiferro? Antiferro, yes. Sorry, sorry. You compare the ferro with the antiferro because here at zero temperature you have the antiferro state. As soon as you increase the temperature the antiferro state disappears. There is no antiferromagnetic order at finite temperature in one dimension. So as soon as you... This is different two dimensions. For instance, Kardar and Nagel also studied the two dimensional problem. By the way, it was the PhD of Kardar with Berker. He did this PhD with Berker. OK. In fact, I knew this model because at that time I was interested in renormalization group and the effects of long range interactions in the renormalization group and I found this work by Kardar when he was a student in MIT and I wrote a letter to him by saying I did an approximate renormalization group and he replied to the letter and he said I did the exact solution. And I understood that Kardar was someone very strong. So I had an approximate method for some model for which he had an exact solution. So I remembered these after many years and so I decided to study this model. OK, we found the micro canonical solution. So you see that the shape of the phase diagram is very similar to the other one. It's amazingly similar, no? You have the micro canonical tri critical point which breaks into two lines of two temperatures, the upper temperature and the lower temperature. Here there is the temperature jump and the two lines join at zero temperature. So it's very similar. In fact, one could think, OK, you will find always the same, no. There are other models and the other good thing here is 0.6, 0.5, 0.4 is no more restricted to that small area of numbers. So it's easier to study this model because the parameters move order one when you vary the couplings. So you can get better. OK, so and we could have done it for the other model also but we did it for this. We realize that you see that in this entropy there are a lot of logarithms and these logarithms should have a positive argument and these put bounds on m. OK, so clear, no? For given energy, given m, not all values of m are accessible, because the argument of the logarithms should be positive. Now you can see that, just an example in this model is very simple. So suppose you take a positive magnetization state, so it means that the number of pluses should be larger than the number of minuses in order for magnetization to be positive.  Then what is the maximum of the energy? The maximum of the energy, sorry, what is the maximum of the number of walls? There is a maximum for the number of walls and is when we put walls side of one of the two species. So at maximum you can have twice the number of minuses as number of walls. So if you rewrite twice the number of minuses as the total number of spins minus the magnetization, so you see that this is bounded by one minus the magnetization. So this bound reflects into a bound in u. See, minus magnetization, it cannot be negative. And it gives you a bound on m, fixed in epsilon. And if you compute all these bounds, the bounds in m, fixing energy, you get this plot that is very artistic. So this is the line m below minus the square root of epsilon, so the maximum energy is zero, and the upper line is m less than minus square root of two epsilon that you get from this bound when u equals zero. And then these other bounds are bounds in m plus and m minus that result from this quadratic equation when you bring m on the left side. So you see that in this model the accessible states are not in a convex-shaped domain. These are the bounds for the states, and I can get them exactly. These are the bounds for the states in this model. And as I have said in the first talk, and this is the proof, the shape of the area of accessible states in systems that are non-altitude can be in non-convex. So in the Ising model, all these states are filled. There is a probability, a non-zero probability that these states are filled, while in this model you will not found states here. You will not found states here. So in order to check this, I will go slightly faster. So we did a study of dynamics in this model using the Kreuz algorithm, and maybe if you want, I can say more about the Kreuz algorithm. The idea of the algorithm is the following. It's a micro canonical algorithm, but there is a demon in the game. And the demon works this way. You try to swap a spin, and if the energy goes down, you give the energy to the demon. You give the excess energy to the demon. You start the demon with zero energy, so the demon gets energy from the system. And if you need the energy to go up, you ask energy to the demon. If the demon has energy, you pick the energy from the demon. So this algorithm visits the energy shell for all energies that are below the energy that you had initially given to the system. But as the algorithm gets on, goes on, the number of energies of the system that are sampled are very close to the, if the system is large, the energies that are sampled are very close to the limiting energies. So if you check during the time process, which are the energies that are sampled in the system, they are very close to the micro canonical shell at the top energy. But it's also good if you sample energies below, because you know that the micro canonical shell only imposes that the energies below a certain limit. And also how can you extract the micro canonical temperature? You go and look at the, you cannot see it here, I don't know why. Maybe I eliminate. You go and look at the statistics.  I cannot eliminate these black things here. I don't know why. So if you check the statistics of the energy of the demon, the statistics of the energy of the demon is Boltzmanian, but the constant is the micro canonical entropy. So it's exponentially distributed and the constant is the micro canonical energy. So you can get the micro canonical energy by taking the inverse of the average of the energy of the demon. OK? Because it's exponentially distributed. So it's a very good algorithm. It gives the micro canonical ensemble and it gives access to the micro canonical temperature. So what we did with this algorithm, we ran the Kardar-Negel model. In a situation, for instance, where the entropy has this shape, there are four, three maxima, one in zero and two are the maxima at positive and negative magnetization. And if you start here, which is this state here, you see that from time to time it jumps to the other states. OK? But suppose now you go to a region where there are nonaccessible values of the magnetization. So do you see that the entropy here disappears in nothing because there are no states here, which are these cuts that appear in the at given energies. And this is a similar cut. And you see if I start here, I remain here. And if I start here, I remain here. There is no jump. Because there are no intermediate states that I can jump to. Of course, I could do global moves. I could swap all the spins, OK? But with local moves it will be impossible to move from one state to the other. So if you do also launch and dynamics, it will be the same. So this is a breaking over Godise. The phase space is broken. And this breaking over Godise is not the usual breaking over Godise which appears in the canonical ensemble or in other systems. It is due simply to the fact that there are some states that are not accessible to the system. So you cannot go to those states because they don't appear. And of course, if you are in the canonical ensemble since you have intermediate states you can jump even with very small probability. But in this case the probability of jump is zero. OK. So what's next? I think you can easily program that this is something that you could do. Try to write a code for the Croids algorithm. It's not very hard. OK, what happens when it is possible to jump from one state to the other so there is a barrier of height delta then what happens is that if you are in the canonical ensemble and the interaction is in field the time to jump is exponential n times the energy barrier and in the micro canonical it's exponential n times the entropy barrier and this is to be compared with the jump in d dimensions which is d minus 1 over d this is the scaling of the so we tried this for the model and you see that the lifetime this is the exponential increase of the lifetime with n and this instead is the logarithmic increase of the lifetime when there is no barrier so when the system goes from one state to the other so if there is no barrier there is a logarithmic increase if there is a barrier there is an exponential increase maybe it's too much OK, I just want to tell you that we have a theory that since it's unusual we have a theory that explains this log n which is based on Fokker-Plank equation for the probability of the magnetization and the theory you can solve this equation and the theory is based on the physical ingredient is the fact that the diffusion constant in long range goes down like 1 over n so it's the diffusion in long range system is smaller and smaller as the size of the system increases because the mean field sort of freezes the system and if you assume this it's a very natural assumption you can solve this equation and you get this solution at time p and if you fix the time to reach something of order 1 you get the logarithm of n so which is a direct this log n is here because there is a diffusion that goes like 1 over n so this is another feature of long range system that the motion is diffusive of the single particle but the diffusion constant is smaller and smaller as you increase the system size and if you assume this this is again for the evolution in the case in which there is no barrier ok, so this is was an additional comment I don't know how many slides I have but ok so this is I put these slides just to help you in solving these models so I did it for the Q revise so in order to solve this model in the canonical I told you that you have to do the Q revise the uberstartenovic transformation so I put it here for those who don't know how to do it ok, this is the square ok, this is the Q revise square I use this integral this is the Gaussian integral to rewrite it as an integral over x ok and then you get the free energy and then you have to minimize over x and you get the free energy as a function of b if there are other terms ok, it's easy to find but in this slide you find all the, what you need to do the transformation that brings you to the canonical solutions of the two models that I introduce both the Blume-Capelle and x is this what is called auxiliary field and you see that you have to solve it for you have to take the minimum on the auxiliary field if you want the free energy yes, it would take some time to derive the Fokert-Plank equation yes, yes, yes suming global dynamics and you can get the Fokert-Plank equation for all macroscopic quantities also energy for instance you start from for instance you start from the n body probability distribution function and then you have a mean field so you go to you can go to the single body and then you have an equation consistency equation for the field there is a way of getting it it's not simple, but okay yes, I have already marked to put the paper on classification because someone asked about these invisible things also I will put the paper on azeotropy if someone is curious of this strange type of phase transition and I can put two papers one on the Ensembling Equivalence which is a 2001 paper with David Mouhamel and the other one again with David Mouhamel 2005 on the Cardard-Negel model so I don't want to invade the slack with with papers just references, okay just references and then you have access to the library okay, so I would like in the last few minutes and then I stop just because you are I think you are okay, just introduce the the method it's an interesting problem in again in non-concave functions so the question is the point is the following, suppose you have you have a partition sum can be expressed as a function of X you don't X could be the Hubble-Stratonovich auxiliary field could be other things so suppose you know that the partition sum is this, okay so usually you know it because you have the Hubble-Stratonovich suppose you have other methods that give you the partition function in this form and U is a differentiable function of beta and X and X is some dummy variable, okay then of course the massive potential which is beta times the free energy is the inf over X of U, okay now let us introduce the Legend-Fension transform of of U, okay which is the inf over beta of beta epsilon U beta X okay so it is a function of epsilon and X okay then the statement of the theorem I have a proof of this theorem but it is not rigorous and I think it is when some mathematician should prove it okay so suppose I take the soup of S then then I get the soup of X so so the inf gives me a function of X and then I take the soup of X the soup of X is the is the micro canonical energy entropy while if I invert the two so I take the soup of X and then I take the inf of beta I get the canonical so I get the Legend-Fension transform of the free energy so this shows that if you can express if you can give more freedom to the function S in order to explore different values of this dummy variable you can by inverting the soup with the inf you can get the micro canonical entropy so I will show tomorrow some examples although it is limited but it goes in the right direction which is the one forbidden by Kersen Wang of solving models in the micro canonical ensemble in the right class of partition sums for which you could get the micro canonical entropy by inverting the maximization problem and as you know inverting a maximization does not give the same result and in particular you know that if there is a convexity in the entropy the canonical entropy is always larger than the micro canonical entropy so indeed there is a relation that if you invert the soup if there is an order soup inf is less than inf soup I will prove it tomorrow also this inequality it's a two lines proof proving that this is the micro canonical entropy is harder you have to work with at least the proof that I know you have to work with the plus representation of the delta and then to have to do to argue I will try to give a simple idea of why we believe that this is the micro canonical entropy but I think for instance one should prove it with large deviations I think there should be some proof using Kramer or some other theorems from large deviations it is of course restricted to a specific class of cases but I will show that there are plenty of them and it's interesting you get other forms of entropies and you don't have to count that's very important because for instance with this trick you can solve models with continuous variables and you can get the micro canonical entropy for such models with continuous variables so tomorrow I will give a proof of that and I will show applications to class of models that have this feature ok thank you very much


As countries across the globe grapple with the COVID-19 crisis, millions of women and girls struggle in the shadow of another pandemic that has persisted for years, the scourge of gender-based violence. Lockdowns, while necessary for stopping the transmission of the disease, have put too many in close quarters with abusive partners removed from their usual safety nets and support networks. Since the start of the pandemic, reports of domestic and intimate partner violence, as well as survival sex, exploitation and other forms of GBV, have sharply risen in many regions of the world. This trend has had devastating and even lethal consequences. Threats to the safety, dignity and well-being of crisis-affected persons are even more drastic for refugees and migrants, particularly for women, girls and those who identify as LGBTI. This reality, coupled with face-to-face restrictions on their movement, stigmatization and evictions from their homes means that many have little choice but to seek shelter in unsafe and congested places. These factors all greatly increase the risk of GBV and at the same time, policies to put a stop to the virus have resulted in a decrease of access to psychosocial, legal health and other life-saving GBV services for survivors. National authorities and humanitarian actors are now challenged to provide meaningful support, timely services and accurate information to survivors at a time when health services are overburdened, service delivery limited and shelters in safe spaces have been closed. Hand in hand with authorities and partners, IOM and UNFPA as the technical leads for GBV within the R4V response, an interagency response that brings together 151 partner organizations working together to assist refugees and migrants from Venezuela. We're finding new ways to meet the needs of survivors in a time of physical distancing. It's now more important than ever that women and girls can continue to access the services that keep them safe, healthy and out of harm's way.