Hi everybody, Joe for jaspyscasebrakes.com. We did it, 2020, 2021, another noir case coming at you. This one is pick your team at number nine. Big thanks to everybody here for who bought all their teams straight up, which I appreciate. Thanks for digging deep and making it happen. Mark with that double last spot mojo, Clippers and Lakers. And as you notice, there are some random number block randomizers that we did. So here's one for the Golden State Minnesota Terminal and so on and so forth. Those are all in different videos. So it's a serial number break, only for those teams and only for that break. And here's another one that featured the Charlotte Hornets as well. And here is the fresh case. All right, we got Steph on the front right there and we got a redemption on the bottom. And we'll use this blank card here. We can hide some of the hits that are coming up. First card out of the gate is 50 out of 99, LeBron James, Lakers, Mark. We've got a, oh, this is nice. Sneaker spotlight, no ink, but a sneaker spotlight, Luca Donchich, 68 out of 99. That's awesome. That's Eric Barron with the Dallas Mavericks. There you go, man. He's fired up. He got the, picked up the Dallas Mavericks straight up and rewarded with the sneaker spotlight. Congrats, man. I got Markel Foltz, 11 out of 99 for Orlando. That's for Oscar. He's happy. I'm happy. Congrats, man. Thanks for getting in. I appreciate it. Can't win if you don't play. 11 out of 99, Nikola Vusevich, Oscar with Orlando, Malachi Flynn, 85 out of 99. Toronto Raptors, Steve Wright, 23 out of 25, Tyrell Terry. We've got a Christian Latner, 20 out of 99, snapshot signatures for the Timberwolves. So that goes to T-Wolves zero. Timberwolves zero, that is for Michael Peat. I did, Lance. I hit a Donchich, Golding autograph last night out of that noir. Got a couple more here. We've got Jersey and Autograph, Trey Jones, 91 out of 99. Spurs. Spurs are also a number block team. So that is Spurs one. Go by that digit right there. Spurs one, it's gonna be for Gretchen. Arthur, what's going on? Arthur Sears in the house. We've got Chauncey Billups, 25 out of 99. Pistons edition, your current Portland coach, David with the Detroit Pistons. Getting Chauncey. And the redemption, good luck. Rookie autographs. Card 390, if you remember your card numbers, you'd know who this is. I don't. L-A-M, Lamello ball. Charlotte zero, Sean O'Leary. Bought a spot in that number block. Got randomized the zero, which is a key number, especially if you're joining the Charlotte number block. Gets the Lamello ball redemption. Congrats, that's just box one. Box two of four. Pick your team nine, good luck. What's next? Got another redemption on the bottom. And I think another thinner card in the middle here somewhere. See what we got, good luck everybody. Tyrese Maxi, 82 out of 99. Sixers, Tobias. Patrick Williams, five out of five, Patrick Williams. He had a real solid season too. That goes to the Charlotte, Chicago, San Antonio, Portland number block. And that'll go to number five. Five out of five. Chicago five Gretchen. He had a really nice season last year. So hopefully he keeps it up. Gretchen, all aboard the Big Hit Express. Woo-hoo, Chris Middleton. Five out of 25, Bucks, Mark. 25 out of 99, Lamarcus Aldridge. Box office relic for the Spurs. Spurs five once again is part of that Charlotte group for Gretchen again. Isaiah Stewart, 20 out of 99. Rookie jumbo material, David in Detroit. Rookie jumbo, oh I think grabbed an extra card. Rookie jumbo material, 73 out of 99. Anthony Edwards, your number one overall pick. That goes to Minnesota three. Minnesota three is Manuel. We got Grant Riller, private signings. That is not numbered. It is not. Sometimes these cards can be numbered. This particular one not numbered till we'll randomize that to one person in that Charlotte Hornets group. Got Allen Houston, 53 out of 99 for the New York Knicks. Knicks are a number block team, part of the Golden State group. So Knicks three is for Manuel. Alex Tamez in the chat. Got Malcolm Brogdon, 52 out of 99 for the Pacers. Christopher Kay with the Pacers. And the redemption. Rookie patch autographs color. Card 357, C-O, Cole, Anthony. That's for Oscar and Orlando. Next two boxes. Good luck. No redemption on the bottom. All thick cards. I don't even see a thin card in there anywhere. All right, full box. 48 out of 99, Carmelo Anthony. Portland, Portland eight. That's gonna be for Sean O. 24 out of 99, Patrick Williams. That goes to Gretchen, Patrick Williams four. Maybe make a rainbow, Patrick. Patrick Williams rainbow. You got the out of five. You got the out of nine. Looking for the one of one and all the other parallels. Kobe White eight out of 25. Chicago eight is for Sean. Let's put that over there. The Chicago group. Rookie jumbo material, Tyrese Maxie. Tobias with the Sixers. Elegant decor, RJ Hampton. 58 out of 75. Elegant decor in the Hamptons. And the nuggets that is for Jin Young. New Wave jerseys. Devin Vassel eight out of 25 for San Antonio. San Antonio eight is for Sean. Silver screen debut autograph, Josh Green. Three out of 99 for the Mavs. Eric Barron with the Douse Mavericks. I feel like he's usually a redemption, but there's a live autograph, Josh Green. We got Nikhil Alexander Walker, 21 out of 99, Reigning Knights auto. That's a cool photo of him. Pelicans picked up straight up by Mark, Mark S. Couple more to go here. John Collins 30 out of 99. Otto Noir, he's pretty solid. That goes to Brett Gibbs, Atlanta Hawks. I think they, I think he's a restricted free. And Anthony Davis three out of 25 for the Lakers. That is for Mark. Last spot mojo strikes again. Next box. You want us to super bubble wrap that, Luca? Listen, we've sold cards that are, that went for six figures. I think we're, I think we'll be able to handle that Luga Donchage, okay? We've been there before, Eric. Oh, and you're right. Yeah, Anthony Davis jersey number, three out of 25. It does give a little boost on that secondary market value as well. Six out of 99, Christophs Porzingis. Also for Dallas. Lugans Dort 36 out of 99. OKC Lance with a thunder. I think the thunder have like a ton of draft picks that they could work with too for their rebuild. Jaren Jackson Jr. four out of 10. Memphis Grizzlies, Eric Kaye. We got a Joel and B 29 out of 75. Newsreels jerseys for Tobias and the Sixers. Jason Williams, Newsreels jerseys. 27 out of 75. Orlando, Oscar. Icons memorabilia, Anthony Hardaway. Five out of 25. Orlando Magic, Oscar. 27 out of 99, Robert Woodard. Freeze frame signatures. That's for the Sacramento Kings number block. And then it's Kings seven. And that Sacramento seven will be for Gregory. Thin card here. We got Adrian Dantley for Detroit. David. Couple more here. We've got Isaac Acoro, Golding Autograph. 11 out of 99. Kayla with Cleveland. Cleveland, this is for you. And the final one is Jersey and Autograph. Tyrese Maxie, 91 out of 99. Tobias with the Philadelphia 76ers. And that is that, my friends. Really nice break of 2020, 2021, Panini Noir basketball in the books. Gotta do a quick randomizer for those of you in that Charlotte Hornets group. Let's flip back to this screen over here. Let's grab everyone's names in the Charlotte Hornets group from Sean down to Cameron. There's some new dice to put you in here. And the name on top will get that Grant Riller Autograph, which was not numbered. Three out of four, seven times, one, two, three, four, five, six, and seventh and final time. After seven, Gretchen, your name's on top and you will get that Grant Riller Private Signings Autograph. Thanks everybody. Thanks for watching. Thanks for joining. I'm Joe. I'll see you next time for the next break on Jaspy's Case Breaks.com.


Actually Mr Speaker, we're not sure what they believe in right now. Nobody knows any more. Apparently Mr Speaker they have a new leader. But nobody knows what he thinks. He can't land on a position Mr Speaker. He hasn't been seen to offer an opinion Mr Speaker. He's wandering around in an aimless daze Mr Speaker. Dream Dave they call him. No thoughts of his own. A backstory with no front story Mr Speaker. That's what they're saying about the new leader of the Labour Party. Being desperately spun by his own staff as being a deliberate blank page. A deliberate blank page Mr Speaker. A tricky plan. As they search around for something for him to say and they've come up with something Mr Speaker. I saw it in an article last weekend. You don't wear your guns on the outside Mr Speaker. That's the news from the leader of the opposition. But he's only one of their grand strategist Mr Speaker. They have other strategists. They have David Parker or denying Dave. Who actually Mr Speaker is desperately trying to pretend that the GFC and the Canterbury earthquakes didn't happen. Wanders down the house most days and says why is the government not pumping up credit the way we did back in 2008 when I went trumping with Aunty Helen. And we do all those things Mr Speaker. Well that is time has passed and desperate denying Dave is Mr's chance he's got nothing of relevance to say in 2012. And then there is dark Dave. Then there is desperate dark Dave the K-Rud of the New Zealand Labour Party. Sitting there on the opposition benches desperate to have another go Mr Speaker. And actually Mr Speaker. He exhibits the only signs of Labour's growth agenda Mr Speaker. It is true to say that David Cunliffe is the only member of the opposition and is saying any signs of a growth agenda and that's his lovely new beard Mr Speaker. It's a little theatrical. Not a lot of substance. It also lacks. Point of order Chris Hipkins. Point of order Mr Speaker. Point of order Mr Speaker. Point of order Mr Speaker. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order. Order.


Hey guys, Vladimir here with desktop makes you'll notice that this video is going to be a little bit different in my usual tutorials I decided to upload part of last week's fusion 316 online class I teach where we tackle a car rim design. This was a request I had received after modeling a tire the previous week So with these classes I basically go wherever the students want to go if someone is stuck on a particular design We'll bring it in and help the student get unstuck. In this session I particularly enjoy how we start exploring a few different options and even though we encounter some errors along the way We're able to solve them one by one and learn a few things along the way. Now for the car enthusiast out there I want to say that I wasn't focused on reproducing an accurate depiction of a wheel, not quite my area of expertise, but rather I wanted to show a Technique that you can use to get there. All right, sit back and enjoy and if you decide you're interested in joining my weekly Fusion 360 online class, I'll leave a special promotion link below. So after we did the tire last week K-Van requested that we do rims this week. So we'll go we'll go into that today. So See the hole you got us into Trevor here now we're into rims and we'll soon will be designing the rest of the car railway So, okay, we'll let me pull up Fusion here. Okay, so here's so I was actually let me show first This is the tire we did last week You can see only sort of half of the treads here are our split but last week We did the design approach that we took on the tire here So here it is and in today we're gonna look at Making this so there's a bunch of different ways you can tackle sort of a rim design There's so many designs and I was looking at some approaches online and it's it's kind of one of those projects I mean you can teach a whole Fusion 360 course and just all the different techniques that you can do here And I was originally thinking of doing Going into sculpting first because there's some really neat approaches you can do there with Sculpting the rim especially like some like organic looking rims But I came across this technique here and I thought you know this one's This one's actually a pretty good one because it's it's got a technique here that I thought would be really useful that I can show and I forgot the the YouTube channel because I was it was one of those where you know where you guys Like there's a bunch of channels out there where the design is sort of they do like a speed build and They just oh not really it wasn't a speed build more it was just like it was just music and the guy was just designing stuff and sometimes I just like to play those and you know and it's just music no one's really talking and They can be hard to follow if you're new with Fusion because they don't they're not really telling you like go here And choose this tool. There's music in the background and their design in a way But once you kind of you know, you get to a certain level in Fusion you kind of you know You'll do what I do where you're just like you'll speed it to 2x speed And then you'll just like watch them design and then figure out like you know Why would you go that way or like? Oh, that's that's a neat approach you took there, you know So you know they can they can be fun to watch and sometimes they just open up your eyes like oh I never thought of using that type of technique. So I was kind of Had an idea of what I wanted to do, but I said, let me just see what else is out there and I saw this technique and then so Sort of the background how I got to this design here that I want to show so Taking a look at this and here. So don't worry about the dimensions or anything. I just kind of went with whatever and I just wanted to kind of really just focus on the technique here and one One sort of design technique in principle, I thought would be useful and showing So just taking a look at this.  If you were to kind of think of an approach to make something like this What kind of tools and what sort of strategy would you be doing? So the first thing is interesting because you've got seven spokes, which is almost never done It's an interesting number and then you've got six studs for the to hold it on which is also an unusual number Not that that matters, but it's first thing that hit my eye. Ah Well, let's see. Let's What was that there it doesn't look like a real It doesn't look great doesn't have enough edge for the bead and They're usually not Tapered like this. They're usually like There has to be a smaller diameter ledge in it to get the tire on. Yeah, I figured I get from the mechanics and Doesn't really matter. I'm more interested to see how you did this books. All right. Okay. Okay. Yep. Nope. They're right Sorry, it looks like a I can't remember the name of it now a mini light sweet Yeah, it looks like a sweep or maybe a loft would do that as well That would be my first thought A sweep or a loft, okay Yeah, I have a different shape at the bottom and a different shape at the top and then, you know Loft between off between and probably Okay, that's gonna hide my design history, but I'll leave it I forgot to hide it I didn't even look at it. I didn't look at it Okay, it's almost too small to see. Okay, good Okay, so we've got a sweep and a loft what else what are you guys thinking anything else any other approach you would take on something like this I Was gonna just suggest one detail like a 3d sketch to maybe connect the center You know where the holes are and the outer rim and then you know Then probably do a loft or or maybe just extrude and then maybe a fill it It's hard to see the exact contour, but that's what struck me, but I like what everyone else said too. Okay, cool anyone else Okay, so let me let me go through the approach I took and feel free to jump in with any questions or comments okay, so first thing we're gonna start with is a sketch here and Let's see. Yeah, so I'm gonna sketch on the zx plane here So are front plane and The way I approach this I'm gonna start with a line. So I'll for a line and I'll draw a line straight out here. I believe I did Trying to remember. Yeah, so 90 millimeters here. I'm gonna take that and hit X to make it a construction line And actually I want to I'd rather look at this up and down. So I'm just gonna flip my view cube. So look at it this way Okay, and at this point what I like to do is I'll just create a basic Profile that I'm gonna use to make this Sort of this section here of the rim now This was actually one of the more simple ones. I've seen I don't know As far as the different profiles for this but a few of them I looked at looked quite a bit different than this. So I don't know if there's sort of one standard But anyway, I'll just it doesn't really matter like once you kind of get the idea here You can make it any shape you want.  So here I'll put a dimension here for 50 And then this one I did six Seven here And again, these aren't really but I just made it so that visually you kind of looked like It was right and I won't worry too much about dimensions for the rest of this Like I said, I want to focus mainly on the approach. So here I'm gonna dimension between these two make that 15 And then I'm gonna dimension from this point here to the bottom here And I'll make that 95. So just enough here just to like lock this in All right. Now that we've got half of it. I'm gonna mirror it to the other side Just double click go to create mirror got my mirror tool here I'm just gonna double click to select this chain here and this will be my mirror line And I'll click okay now. I've got this so finish sketch And then I'm gonna take this and don't go to do a revolve. So create Revolve and it automatically now just will select your profile So all you have to tell it is the axis you want to revolve around. So I'll click that Click okay, and that gets me this shape here So, all right straightforward that part And now what I'm gonna do is I'm looking at it from the top view here is I'm gonna create a sketch Here on the so I'm looking from the top so now I'm gonna go on the XY plane here And here I'll go ahead and create a circle in the center. Oh, there we go. So see for a circle I'm gonna go with Again, just visually I went with 60 millimeters here for the circle And then I'm gonna create another circle actually let me move the dimension here So it's out the way zoom in create another circle here. I went with say five millimeters For the holes I'm gonna go ahead here And so I want to take this and lock it so that's constrained to this center here So I'll do a vertical constraint between that center of the circle and my origin here And I'll do a dimension from these two and I did Let's say I did 10 millimeters All right, and then I'm gonna take this and just do a circular pattern. So this part here is all straightforward. I'm just gonna get to a Place where we can get to that loft part I want to show So okay, I'll do six holes You five do five to five. Okay. Is that the standard? So actually let me show you guys this so when Does anyone they didn't want to know how to edit like when you have a circular pattern to go back because it doesn't show it on the Timeline here, you gotta find that little mark. Yeah, exactly. So you find a little symbol right here Just double-click on it. It'll open it back up and you can change this to five Okay All right, so now we've got our five there Finish that and then I'll just take this and extrude this up Give me 10 millimeters and there we have our little hub there Okay, so now here's the part where it kind of gets interesting because what I want to figure out is So this part here Right, I'd like to take this or shape here and And get this connection to this part over here, right? But one thing you can see right like this part here is curved So you don't really have a flat plane for a sketch there And then you're going from like one shape to a completely different shape and you've got this transitioning happening You know, which can seem pretty complex, but it's actually Quite straightforward. So We're gonna go back to that sketch here. I'm gonna use my timeline here double-click to edit and I'm gonna be here in the sketch So I'm back to editing and here I'm gonna create Sort of this the shape I'm going for I'm gonna start with the line tool I'm just gonna reference this outer circle. I'm gonna click once and Remember how I showed you can go from a line to an arc Without changing tools if you just left click and hold it'll transition right to an arc and then you can Can see you can kind of come in and make a parallel. I'm just gonna put another line here Now I can see I got a tangent constraint here and I didn't get one here So I'm just gonna grab it from my Constraints toolbar click on the tangent constraint and then click on the line and in the arc Okay, and then I can adjust this One dimension. I saw he had was a dimension between these two or an angle in between these two lines here And that was set to 25. I believe And then next I'm gonna use my symmetry constraint here. So I'm gonna click on symmetry For actually, I'm gonna need a symmetry line first. So let's go ahead and put that in so I'll for a line I'm just gonna draw a line straight up here Make sure I've got a vertical constraint there and then I'm gonna click on it and hit X to make it a construction line Then I'm gonna grab the symmetry constraint and the way the symmetry constraint works is you click on the one Line and in the other line or whatever sketch entity you want to be symmetric And then your third click will be the line that you want it to be symmetric about which is gonna be here my center line and now Now there yeah, it's kind of like the mirror tool But it's after the fact like after you've made it you can go ahead and apply the symmetry constraint So I'll then add a dimension Let me see I have that marked here so I can see it the dimension for this line And I'll make that 12 and then the other dimension I had was this arc here I'll just make that three millimeters in diameter You can bring this down Okay, so now I've got this basic shape here Okay, I'll finish sketch and that's all I've done and I want to basically I want to have that profile Do either a sweep or a loft to another shape here So, okay, I guess let me get your feedback What what part would you do next if you're trying to create this? Like how would you approach that? It's a plane at a tangent I think outside outside the diameter Okay, yeah, so do you say and do a tangent plane to this sort of this surface or as close you can get to the surface here Yes, okay, you can do an interpenetration later on Where is this here and then extruded through yes, okay Who else? Yeah, I was gonna say do a plane outside of it and then the truth through the part and then use the part to cut Yeah, the excess and then assuming that's what Trevor said, okay, but then once you get the cut What would you do with it? Well, then you do a lot, right? So you'd have like a separate body you mean or do Right Are you saying cut a hole through it and then try to loft to the hole No, I think I I if you draw a plane tangent to the outside of the wheel just draw your oval on there and sweep to that Well make that something you can sweep to and sweep it through the wheel to that outside plane Okay, then use the wheel to cut it off. Gotcha. Okay So you sort of like over over build you make a plane out here Then you do a sweep through it and you kind of use this body to cut the rest of it off that you don't need I'm not trying to I'm not trying to get into Trevor and K-von's mind, but I think that's what they want Those are both very dangerous places Anyone else Okay, I'll show you the so the approach I took here was I mean you can do the The tangent plane I kind of showed that last week Or you can do like a plane with three points. You've got some options for different ways of creating a plane here But actually what I did here was I simply went ahead and created a plane on the midplane here so in this case, it's the zx plane and I'm gonna let's hit P for project and I'm just gonna project the top line here and click okay And then I'm a untaggle the bodies here and then here I came in with an ellipse So I'll just draw it somewhere out here and the way the ellipse works. You just you give it a the width and a height and Then I'll come in with dimensions here. So let's say 20 by 12 and Then I'll go ahead and align this so do a vertical constraint between the center of the ellipse in my center point here and Then dimension and here's another Tip I'll mention again because when you hit D for dimension you always get when you select the circle it always goes to the midpoint But let's say I wanted to mention this off of the top Here of the circle What you do is after you hit D for dimension you right click and then you can choose pick circle arch tangent and now when I click The circle here you say I get a little dot right there up top click there and It'll let me to mention it right to the top of it So click my dimension 48 millimeters good Finish the sketch All right now I have this sketch, but it's on that midplane right next Where I want it here So what I'm gonna do here now is I'm gonna choose Modify and I'm gonna go to split face And I'm gonna go ahead and choose it says what face do you want to split and then choose this face splitting tool is going to be the ellipse I created and Doesn't really matter here if I extend it or not click okay, and now I've got you know this ellipse right here Um, so here's the cool thing now because when you think of I'm gonna try to do a loft and You know you may be thinking or you may not even think of this because you may think okay I loft I may need it to be like a profile on a plane or a surface But the nice thing with the split body you don't need it to be a whole separate body You can use Or a split face I should say and you have to be careful because there is a split body Option which will split the entire body or we'll break it into two separate bodies But in this case all it's doing is just that face you can see behind here. It's not touching the part It's just the face here that it's it's throwing the the sketch on it So now you can come in you can actually say let's do a loft and if I go ahead and Let me untangle this body here I can select this surface and then you can see there how it'll let you select this even though This is a curved surface. You can still select it and it'll do a loft through it Now in this case, it'll go ahead and connect those two and you get that transition happening from this shape to an ellipse And if you go here and you change this connected to direction you can kind of do some funky things here you get this arrow and you can kind of move it up and And it'll change How that looks and also this little widget here that you can do all sorts of weird things with To be honest, I never really used this much But it looks like you can create some neat things if you want to experiment with it But and I'm actually not going to do that because I want to sort of give it more control here I'm going to tell it the exact path. I wanted to take and for that. I'll create a sketch on The center plane here, which is the the blue green or z y and Here what I'm going to do is I'm going to do an intersect to grab Basically what I want is the top of the ellipse there to To be brought into this sketch. So I'm going to go to create project include and I'm going to go to intersect Now if I hover here, you can see it'll give me a line just where this That sketch that projected face intersects My my model there or actually should say my plane I'm going to do the same thing for the bottom here this model and check them. I'm going to go to create project include And I'll do an intersect in here. I just hover near the top of this arc I'll get that point right in the center there again where it intersects my plane So now that I have those two points that I want me on toggle body. I can come in With the arc tool and basically I just want to connect this point to this point here And anything here is you can really do any shape But I'm going to grab my arc tool a three-point arc It'll snap to that first point and I'll snap to the second point and then you know, I can go ahead and Click the arc I want Okay, even I can come in and enter a dimension here Maybe 80 millimeter Or 80 radius of 80 Finish sketch bring those bodies into you here Okay, now I can bring so the interesting thing here is right like this In order for me to see that profile. That's actually a sketch here So I have to show that and let me on toggle this The hub here so I can see this part But this section here that's actually not a sketch. That's just that's the body, right? It's just the line around the body So I have to be able to show that and then I also need to be able to see this line So now I'm going to try my loft again. So I'll go to create loft and I'm going to select the Profile here and then I'm going to come up here and select the split face And I'll have to do now if I click on the plus sign here where it says rails I Can select the path here. It'll go ahead and follow that So now I start with this profile and it's going to follow this arc as the rail and it's just Beautiful how it transitions from this shake to the ellipse and it just does it so smooth So I'm just gonna click. Okay. Oh, actually since I wanted to go ahead and join these to be one body Have to make sure that This is actually toggled on So I'm gonna make sure that's on a click. Okay And now you can see everything collapse into one body and I've got This shape here Any questions there so far Yeah, I thought if you want to use this Guiding rail you go with this sweep. So I thought the loft is like Connecting just two surfaces directly Either way, I mean, it's the same. I guess it's not the same but if you did it with Sweep what would be the difference? So the sweep lets you take one profile and it follows a certain path The loft will actually allow you to go from one shape to a completely different shape So you wouldn't be able to do it with the sweep anyway No, because a few the sweep would just let you do let me see okay clear clear Yeah, so that's the use law when you want to transition from one shape to another I Think the key that I learned here was splitting the face. I'm like Yeah, hadn't thought or encountered that before that's magic Nice. Well that and being able to select a non-planar Profile basically to loft to I didn't I didn't realize you could do that. I thought I was thinking like like Trevor and Avon were that you were gonna need to you know run that through the body and cut it off, but since And clearly you didn't because you can select that Projected or split face as a profile even though it's not flat Yeah, and that's that's kind of one of those things that as I was watching this when it was kind of like one of those things I Know I know that I know that but because you kind of get stuck so much and like a plane having to you know The profile having to be on a flat plane It almost like when you see it done, you're like wait a minute isn't like that's illegal You shouldn't be able to do that, but yeah, it does work well with the loft Okay, and here so I'm looking at this now right and the beautiful thing with fusion is I can look at this and say You know, I'd rather just be a little bit bigger I can just go back to that sketch here. I think it's the third sketch there with daddy lips And I can say you know what let's make this 30 By maybe 15 Finish sketch You know bring that body back in and we've got a much bigger transition there for this part so It updates beautifully and then we can you know put in some fillets on here So I want to do a circular pattern But it makes sense to do the fillets first because then you only have to do it once instead of like six times So f4 fillet. I'll select here and the bottom here actually does as a separate Doesn't like a little separate section here So you have to select both of them and I think it has to do with the way Like this is sort of broken up here on the bottom when it's doing the loft But let's you select them separately and then I'll go ahead and do let's go back to the top. We'll select this section Along with this line and this line here And I'll just enter a 1 millimeter fillet there. I've got that and so it takes it all the way around here to in that bottom section there click okay and Now we're gonna go to Create pattern circular pattern And it makes sense here to go with features if I had done this done this as a separate body I could do a body but then You know, I wouldn't be able to do it together with the fillets So it made sense just to join them all do the fillets and then you can come and pattern The body, you know this well the two features the extrusion or the loft right here and then the fillet And since I did all those fillets together and one feature I just have to select it once here My axis I could either select the circle I could do my Z axis here and We'll go with I was gonna ask what's the right number here. Here we go. Okay, so we got seven spokes there. I'll click okay and That should work That's vision calculator and there we have it. So Looks like one of the old mini light wheels, yeah So the only way to make this though is with additive construction, correct? This would be possible to make By welding it up or by casting it maybe like a five-axis mill.  Oh, no, no, no, no There's I can show you a picture of a real wheel Solid real wheel. Yeah, but it's the spokes are the center parts cast. Yeah But I've seen wheels that have been billet machined out of a complete block. Oh, yeah, I have to but they usually Usually don't have circular or pipe type Spokes right they wouldn't do this that way. It's just too expensive. Yeah Do you want to see a picture of a real wheel? Yeah, let's let's see that and you can tell me all the parts that it's supposed to Be in what they're called and and how it's supposed to look but before that's the one last thing here Which I think it's a nice touch here to come in and add an appearance here and we'll go with Let's go with the metal And then we're gonna go with chrome So you can do a chrome here, which looks nice. I like the black chrome how that looked on there. You get the nice reflections right there Yeah, that's it's pretty much it As far as just the technique, I mean right you can apply one last thing Probably should maybe do some fillets over here a fillet here and maybe like another fillet on the inside So you don't have such a sharp It's there and then There we go. That's that's the idea and you can take this technique and apply it You know to whatever whatever design but I mean you guys hit on the basic point I wanted to show was that idea that You can do a split face and then you can actually select it even though it's not a flat You know a sketch on a plane It'll let you a fusion will let you select it and then you can go ahead and If you just have a line that connects and one thing that's important about that part is So this line here You have to make sure go here that Your rail line will actually touch Both points on the two parts. You're trying to connect. Otherwise, it'll give you an error and the other thing That I Want to show here is that it's actually it's actually important that So I bring this back Finish sketch It's important that this Loft is actually from the bottom So let me bring that sketch here And that gives you a whole different design here We kind of look here. You see how this transition comes right down to the bottom here Because if I was to create that sketch on the top and go you wouldn't have this whole section here You it wouldn't be a strong of a wheel because that loft would just come right to the top surface So I did it first. I was like why is it not working? Why does it look so different? But yeah Create that loft from the bottom and then you'll get this section here where it's actually connecting on the top and the side Oh any any questions Yeah, so good good question there that's from Doing the the split face unfortunately It doesn't let you Just do it one side it kind of goes both directions Yeah, you see how I have to see if there's a way because it takes this and it goes in both ways. So You end up with another Section right here. I wonder if we just yeah, actually it works right. Well, if you just click it and hit delete Um, you can just heal that you'll have a little section here and time lines showing you delete the face But yeah, there's no option. I was looking at this. I was like, is there a way a long vector close this point Maybe I'll play around with those but I was trying to see if there's a way where you can just tell it Which way which way to go and I get the other but maybe closest point would have worked If you didn't have the plane centered in there. Oh, yeah, that's that's a good point. Yeah, because it's only one It is only one face. So, you know, it extended both directions Right because I yeah, it doesn't give you an option to pick which side of the face because it's a circle but If I do closest point with it, what will it do? Let's see Fusion breaks Yeah, I just get a I get a warning Vlad, America, you hollow out those spokes I Guess they're by default. They're solid. I assume right Yeah, so these are solid control how the mouse so the way I would have wanted to how them out because this is all one body I Would probably come back to right after the loft Or I would create this loft actually as a new body Yeah, this may give me some errors down the line. Let me see and then it works. Okay, and Then I would come in here And do a shell and now I can select let me see can I do both of these faces and say like a one millimeter shell? Yeah No, cool. I would take care of it Let's see. Well, so at this ends up, let me see what happens if I carry this timeline three I'll get some errors and I think the main reason here is probably because this is now If I did this as a separate body, it's no longer a feature it have to I Can do it still but my circular pattern would have to be bodies instead of Okay, yeah, I'd change this to body select the body Click okay, and now these are all hollowed out And then I'd come in with the fillet afterwards Yeah, but you'd have to do that on each one individually Yeah, in this case you would What if you hollowed it and then joined it? Yeah, I was thinking that as just as you said it if I do that Let's see we got the hollow and then then we do the fillet. Oh, then we join here So we do a modified Vine and do this with this and this Okay And then we do the fillet. Yep This should work. I would think your existing fillet on the timeline might store all Not sure if that would work. Why isn't this taking fillet? Oh Even this now is giving me issues Well, so okay, let me just cancel it. Let's see if yeah It doesn't work here the existing fillet on the timeline. I think because I Changed it so for that to work It was part of the feature With the first of all the circular pattern is looking for feature. That's no longer there because I changed it to new body And it's looking for as part of one body. It's doing some weird things here, too I don't know what that is but So yeah, this is kind of one of those things like you can change a lot, but once you change some of the rules of how It was designed at the Kind of gives you issues and you'll see you'll find a lot of that with like fillets to come back Let's see if I go back delete the pattern It's not wanting to do this fillet here. Let me just see if it let me try one more time here I do this this and And this and the one millimeter fillet it'll take it. Okay. Let's try adding this piece here Okay, it looks like it what's working now So that works And let me delete whatever this was Yeah, now I can come in with a pattern so circular pattern and then do So I should be able to do I want the loft the shell and the fillet and Then maxes of rotations here and I want seven of those click. Okay No, there's an error You need the combined step to I was yeah, I was thinking about do I need to combine let's It's weird that you would but let's try it create Patterns circular pattern the loft the shell to combine and to fill it seven of those Dean Going Dean. I thought it was cave on it. It's going so perfect Um, the one thing I could think of is you can try some of these other Well the different computer types, yeah Everything by the way, that was my wife's fault Let's try optimized see if that works and then Although I'm not selecting the combine What's it doing? Oh, there you go. Look at that. I did it So, yeah, that's usually the like when you have Charles sometimes with Circular patterns just try the different compute types. So it was set to Adjust, I believe and then I went to optimize them and that worked I don't really don't know what the difference in math that it does but sometimes it's one works and another one doesn't but yeah, so that's option and Where was that compute option if you go right here on your circular in the pattern, okay? So that's where you'll see it in the pattern. Okay. Yeah, it's just a little drop-down Section yeah section analysis here. Let's do To see see our hollowed out Spokes Oh That is weird. It's not but it's still here The shell feature is still there. Oh, that is strange. Okay, so let's try this. Let's go back to Before this and then let's do an inspect Section analysis Right here And it's it's shelled out there It's hollow here, did you not pattern the shell? Let's see No, it's selected to be patterned Oh, I'm confused. Let's try identical as a compute option and see if that does anything different That gives you an error. It gives an error. It's all here But it works now Well, that's the original one. What about the other ones? Yep. Oh, yeah, you're right. It does it does that one, but it makes the other ones Oh That Dean You're almost out. Oh That is weird. Why wouldn't it? It'd be a just like balance problem. Yeah Man anyone think of something I'm not thinking about right here, why would it Why would it do the first one? Pattern, it's not applying the shell Hmm I'm still trying to figure out the logic why you wouldn't want to include the combined because I By leaving that out I would think it would make separate bodies for each one of those because it's not It's not a it's not a feature being used. So why isn't it creating six other bodies? For the spokes that aren't combined yet Uh, let's try it We'll add this to the list Click okay Now we got something Where is it getting these others from? Well, let's do a section analysis and see if that included the split face and pattern that or something. That's weird Or it's trying to do eight because nobody in the right mind would do seven Oh, look it was right. No, we solved one problem. So ed we chose We chose the combined like you said and now they're all shelled I still don't get why it works. I mean or why it didn't create all and look it created all these extra bodies Yeah, but you you solved this one problem, but now we have another now. You just got to do another joint step. It looks like Um always so okay, so we have all these separate bodies But what I'm not understanding too here now is we've got these split faces all here I mean the circular The circular pattern created those when I so the fillets are there. Are they part of the spoke body? Yeah, they were Yeah, because those were selected. So the fillet here is selected to be patterned We have the combined the fillet and I have no idea how that worked because Oh, you selected the whole body. Yep. Okay. Yeah Everything is rotating because the holes are lost now Oh, maybe that's why because when you is it because when you click The combine it's selecting that body that entire body and so it's it's Oh, so it's taking that For it to work. It's taking the whole body In doing a pattern out of the body as well. I think that that's why And then so you have so it's also taking that face Let's see if we do a combine after that of everything into one So we'll do one body And see if that fixes it. Oh, yeah, look it fixes it gets rid of all of them Except the one here, but this is our original and we can just delete that Yeah, but you lose the hose Yeah, watch your holes All right, I lost my hose. Why did my well man? This is not good We're having my holes All this to avoid doing the manual filleting That's weird. Let's check. Um So the other thing I was wondering when you were doing this earlier if you If you did the shell and didn't do the fillet So and then did a circular pattern and had seven Unfilleted spokes And then if you fill it then joined That then combined them into one body and then Do a fillet on one of them And then do a circular pattern just on the fillet with it. Oh, yeah Would it then you wouldn't have to repeat it on every spoke? Yeah But would that I don't even know if that would work either because fusion might get confused about Joining that properly. I don't know I think that that would be probably the next thing I I would try here. Let me see really quick if I let's undo We So where are we now we've got our we need a chat gpt interface. Yeah Let's undo the pattern here. We'll do one more thing. We'll undo the pattern and we'll undo The fillet. I want to make sure that we're still shelled here. So let's do a section analysis right here Okay, we still have our shell. Okay, so now We have Take off the combine as well. Take off the combine and now so let's pattern this by itself as a body circular pattern of this as a body And our axis of rotation we got seven. Okay And now as you're saying do a combine and then do a fillet and then combine combine one Yeah, combine them and then do a fillet on one of them and then do a pattern then pattern that fillet Okay, so now we've got one body here Um, I just I want to keep checking. I want to make sure I don't lose the The shell that's there. Okay. We're good. And then I'll do a fillet here. So I'll do a here Select these And then this top and let's grab the bottom there And then the one millimeter fillet like okay Okay, and then we'll go to create pattern circular pattern and this time We're going to go back to features and we're just going to choose the fillet And choose our axis here Click okay And then smoke we're not there yet. Oh, there we go. There we go So that worries and just to confirm we have our Shelled Spokes we are good Okay, we got there And this is bothering me. So I'll believe it All right guys, that was uh, that was a fun trip, but we arrived That's good. You know what I think you guys Who's that? You guys are geniuses Yeah, that that was more fun than uh, should you have shelled that center puck because I noticed there's still some material You know you the spokes are shelled, but there seems to be some material On the inside of the puck if you do a section analysis Section analysis Yeah, see how there's The puck kind of comes up in into that. I'm just wondering if the puck were also shelled along with the uh Oh, you're talking about this section here. Yeah, this is that little bit in there I'm just wondering if that was causing some problems because you kind of have a shelled spoke going into a solid Puck her hub or whatever you call it. I'm just wondering if you should have shelled that center Portionated about the same thickness of the as you did with the spokes Hmm But would you want to shelled out? I wouldn't want it mounted on my car. Yeah, I wouldn't ride with that Yeah, the other thing you could do is I mean after making this and making a solid maybe doing a A cut so this is all one body and then when you do a shell I would just select From here up so that this part isn't shelled. So this is solid But it also depends on how you are going to manufacture if you're going to weld those on to that block You'd want to add it all there. Yeah, because that's how I would end up going together You know what it's also I think I mean I'm glad we went this way because usually I'd say it's best practice to save your fillets for last anyway Um, because you can see I mean just from this example Is it can cause all sorts of troubles when you try to do them first? And it kind of makes your design easier to work with I think if you just kind of save it For last because then trying to calculate fillets when you're trying to make parametric changes Um can can wreak havoc. So Um, so that the approach we took at the end there and I think that that's actually the better approach For any design is to just save those fillets for last and then do one and pattern them separately Like don't try to pattern fillets with other features. I think that's just asking for trouble So did you pattern those fillets as a body or as a feature as a feature? But here they're just I did one and then just patterned the rest and that was a feature. Okay Yeah, does one calculate Faster or better than the other a feature or a body? Well, you can if the fillet can't be its own body So it has to be a fillet body. Yeah, okay, so it has to be a feature It has all right Yeah, you could possibly do faces But I try to avoid that like when you do pattern you have another option here for faces And you can go ahead and select the face But then you'd be multiple selections because I'd have to select this face these two faces then two faces up here So it wouldn't be efficient anyway Okay, good Stop that share here So how would you print that there's a question How would I print this? Let's see So With no color change Um, I could you know what I think if you print it like this and just do supports on the center part You'd be okay, you know, maybe even like your own supports if you want and something that can break away that would print fine like that Because I think these I mean you've got enough of an arc there I think it'll be okay. You know and some printers, maybe a little rough on the bottom here, but you mean you Can do supports here where it starts to get a little bit shallow if you want but Um, I wouldn't print it like this. I don't think I mean you can with some supports here But That might get you into more trouble What do you guys think? I'd be a candidate for tree supports for me 2.6 You know like this position like this with tree, right? Yep. Yeah, we'll wait for 2.6 Cool All right there you want to show us what a real wheel looks like You're mute That coming through Yep So I actually have these wheels. Isn't that the one I just designed? Not quite This I want you to I don't know if you can see it, but there's quite an elaborate profile on the wheel itself. All right Um, first of all to get the bead to seat right and then there's a Uh, a smaller diameter ridge in here so you can actually get the tire on there So you shove the bead down in this ridge which allows you to pop it over the other side Gotcha because the beads don't expand they won't get bigger. You can't stretch it on there very much This one happens to be a two-piece wheel. I don't know if you can see this seam right here They do the outer piece Separate and then they weld in the center piece, which is I don't know how the outer rim is formed Um, they're aluminum. So I guess they're machined and then the center piece is actually cast You can also see the spokes go towards the middle of the wheel to give it strength And usually the lug nuts are between the spokes not inside the spokes. This is just a hot Now do they always go to the middle of the wheel or because some of those pictures looks like they were more out Like the end of the spokes Or do they always like did they? Curve up and then back in and always attach at the middle of the wheel Um, this one this design has sort of a a hump shape. Yes There are other wheels that are more like the one you did um I think some of the foos wheels Look similar to what you drew, but the hub is completely different here Hmm Wow, it's interesting. I just had Four tires changed on a car that I'm borrowing moves So when we get our new car Anyway, I had to put all new tires on it And I was watching the guy do it years ago when I was doing this You'd have to flip the tire over to put the tire on or the whole wheel The machine he had it put it on the one rim Then sucked it down and put it on the same rim so that it all fit down onto the yeah And it was quite interesting the way they did it Now is that profile the same for every wheel or do they change with different? Well, there's designs all over the map, but um um I mean there are thousands of different custom wheel designs and they just keep increasing And depending upon the design they cut it out of a piece of billet And then other designs like this one they make two pieces and weld them together And the reason they weld them together they actually want to change the uh The offset so the wheel the wheel sets in relation to the hub So sometimes they want to move the The the face that gets bolted on closer to one edge or the other So I mean I'm talking about this where the tire is going to sit here Is this always like what you showed is that the same or are there Now you've got the inset where you can probably stick the bead down on one side You probably need a bigger ridge on the outside for the uh for the bead But there isn't one sort of standard like designed for this kind of it's more of a It's more of a Channel in the middle and then the rest of it is flat The wheels that I had for this pickup that I'm using I bought a set of tires on rims that were for a Nissan Xterra And I went to put them on because there's six lug wheels And I went to put the Xterra wheels on the Chevy pickup and they wouldn't fit they had this much overhang or Not enough clearance between the wheel and the caliper I had to discard those wheels and put the old wheels back on The bolt patterns for wheels are all over the map Most common one is five bolts But the but the diameter of the circle that the bolts are on is all over the map And some small cars had four Four studs instead of five and a lot of trucks and heavier vehicles have six And some of the some of the old Chevrolet's have eight Yeah Interesting and on some of the moped bars the threads are left-hand thread on the left-hand side All right Really screws mechanics, so Try to change a tire at the end of the side of the road.  That was awesome and a really good really good lesson You know several ideas. I hadn't thought it. So thank you And if you if you want to do something with horses be prepared because I'll be letting you know All right And we're I just wanted to find out Just john want to borrow my vehicle and switch out the tires for me And then give it back to me. Is that can I get on a list? You'll have to bring him to alaska though Okay, nevermind a little far away


Hi everybody, Joe for JazzbeesCaseBreaks.com with a gigantic random number block randomizer. 24 teams, almost the entire, almost the entire breakdown be random number block style. That's how it works if you're not familiar with it. Big thanks to this group for making it happen. Thanks to the people who bought their spots straight up. And congrats to the people who won spots in those two prison blaster boxes we did as fillers. There are the numbers right there. Let's roll it and randomize each list five and a two, seven times each. One, two, three, four, five, six, and seven. Got Adam down to Adam, five and a two, seven times for the numbers. One, two, three, four, five, six, and seven. After seven, got seven down to four. Here's how it shakes out for everybody. Adam with seven, Alex with eight, Michael with one, Nick with zero. So Nick, you get any and all redemptions for that big group of teams right there, including one of one redemptions. Michael, you'll still get live one of ones. Alejandro with two, Ron with nine, Alan with six, Michael P with five, Robert with three, and Adam with four. Now, here's another thing that you need to keep in mind. There are going to be non numbered cards in here. Just like we do with the other breaks, we're going to randomize all the non numbered cards as one lot. So I'll go to one person in the break, one lot for all of these teams. Get the team list in here as well. All right, so that's the team list right there. There you go. All right, we'll see you in the next video for the break. jaskyscasebreaks.com. Bye.


So we've been talking about reversible and irreversible processes and how the work done in a process depends on whether it's reversible or irreversible because the work is a path function. And so reminding you of the cases we've seen so far, when we let a gas expand from some v1 to v2, if we do it reversibly, then the pressure changes slowly and gradually. We can compare that to a case where we do it as irreversibly as possible, just let the pressure drop and then expand against constant pressure, or maybe we can have some intermediate case. The only reversible isothermal case is this upper line. There's a lot of different irreversible paths. And what we've seen so far is that numerically, for the cases we've seen so far, the work done when we do the process reversibly for an expansion of a gas, so let me make sure this is for an expansion. The work done in the reversible case has been less than the work done for the irreversible case, in particular the negative when a gas is expanding, the work is negative. So that negative number is a larger negative number for the reversible expansion than for the irreversible expansion. And the reason that's true is remember if we calculate the area under these curves, the area under this upper curve is a bigger number than the area under the lower curve. So if I draw the curves in a different color, for this process the area under the pink curve is a smaller area than the area under the upper green curve. So that means whatever irreversible line I draw, the size of that area, the magnitude of the reversible work is going to be a larger magnitude than under the irreversible curve. And because those values are negative, the larger negative number is smaller than the smaller negative number. And the other way we can think about it that is even if I weren't making large changes for a small infinitesimally small change, the tiny amount of work that I do for a reversible process is smaller, meaning more negative, than the amount of work I do for a irreversible process. So that all holds true for an expansion. Easiest way to think about that is perhaps with these graphical curves in the area under this curve with a negative sign in front of it. We can also ask ourselves how much of that is still true when we talk about the compression of an ideal gas. So now imagine we're not starting at V1 and going to V2, but we're starting at the large volume and going back to the smaller volume. So the reversible curve is exactly the same. When I take a gas and compress it reversibly, then I, an isothermally, then I'll move along this curve right here. If I were to compress it irreversibly, the way I have to do that is not by releasing the pressure and letting the gas spontaneously expand against that release pressure. To compress the gas irreversibly, first what I have to do is increase the pressure too much and then let the gas compress as a result. So a very irreversible compression would be go ahead and increase the pressure all the way to the final pressure and let the gas compress under that increased pressure. So this would be an irreversible compression and the green curve here would be a reversible compression. So if we think about the areas under the curves now, now the area under the blue curve is larger than the area under the reversible curve. So what we'd say in that case is from the magnitudes point of view, the blue irreversible compression has a larger area than the green reversible compression, but those are positive numbers. So it doesn't matter whether I include the magnitudes or not. So if I strip the magnitudes off the absolute value signs, the reversible work for compression is less than the irreversible work for compression. And that makes sense. Remember when we're talking about compression, this is work being done on the gas, energy we're supplying into the system in the form of PV work. And when I compress the gas smoothly, gradually, reversibly, I'm applying just as much pressure at every step as I need to make the gas compress. If I do an irreversible compression, whether it's via the curve I've drawn or perhaps via some other irreversible curve like that one, I've over-pressurized the gas. I've applied too much pressure, so I've done too much work. So the work that I've done in the irreversible process to compress the gas is larger than the work that I would have to do if I did it reversibly. So let me go ahead and write down the differential form of that expression. dW reversible is always going to be less than dW irreversible. So the convenient thing is both these two sets of equations tell us the same thing. Numerically, without worrying about magnitudes, just the value of the numbers, including positive and negative signs, reversible work is always less than irreversible work, regardless of whether we're doing an expansion or whether we're doing a compression. So reversible work is less than irreversible work. The physical interpretation of that statement means when a gas is expanding, when I'm letting it expand against some external pressure, then the value of the work is more negative, meaning it's a larger magnitude. So I can get the most work possible out of the gas if I'm allowing the gas to expand and the gas is doing work and I'm using that work to do something useful. I get the most possible work out of the gas, the largest magnitude of work out of the gas when I allow it to expand reversibly. On the other hand, for a compression, if I'm the one doing the work on the gas, then when I do the gas reversibly, I get to do the least amount of work possible on the gas when I do it reversibly. So in either case, reversible is good for us. We get a lot of work out of a gas when it expands reversibly. We don't have to do as much work when we compress it reversibly. So that's one way of remembering these inequalities is to remember that we, the external surroundings, are in the reversible process, either getting a lot of work out of the gas or doing as little as possible to the gas. So the next thing to talk about now that we have these inequalities is what's the equivalent statement not about work, but about heat. And we can, because we know the first law, there's a connection between heat and work, remembering that heat and work are path functions. These are inexact differentials, which means they're path functions. U is a state function. It's an exact differential. So it doesn't matter whether I write for a reversible process, du is dq plus dw. Also true for an irreversible process. First law is always true. So if I think about, again, some reversible path and some irreversible path, du is the same, remember du is a state function. So it doesn't matter what path I take. du is the same no matter how I get from state one to state two. So that du is either equal to this reversible dq plus a reversible work or irreversible dq plus the corresponding irreversible work. So if I set these two right-hand sides equal to each other, so I can say dq reversible and dw reversible must be equal to the same sum for any irreversible path that I choose. I already know something about the relative size of the reversible and irreversible works. So if I get these two dw's on the same side, let's put those both on the right. So I'll leave dw irreversible on the right, and I'll bring dw reversible over with a negative sign, and I'll get the q's both over to the left. So in that case I've got dq reversible, and I'll bring dq irreversible over with a negative sign, and now we know from the reversible work inequality, the irreversible work is always larger than, sorry, the irreversible work is always larger than the reversible work regardless of whether we're doing an expansion or a compression. So irreversible is larger than reversible, so this difference is a positive number. So whatever that difference is, it's the same as on the left-hand side, so this difference on the left also must be positive, and in particular the same positive number. So what that means is the reversible heat minus the irreversible heat is always going to give me a positive number. So what that means is the corresponding version of this statement for the heat is that dq reversible is always going to be bigger than dq irreversible, and notice that's the opposite sign as for the work. Reversible work is always smaller than irreversible, reversible heat is always larger than the irreversible heat. So if I do a process, whether it's a PV expansion process or any other type of process, the heat involved in doing that process reversibly is always going to be larger than when I do it irreversibly. So those two statements, the reversible heat inequality and the reversible work inequality turn out to be useful occasionally for telling us not only about heat and work, but as we'll see eventually some statements about entropy as well. But for now, we've done enough talking about work and reversible and irreversible work, so now that we can certainly also make statements about heat using the first law, we can also make some statements about the heat involved in various processes when we change the temperature of objects. So that's what we'll do next.


Welcome everybody to the Sunday live stream. So today we got a lot of things to go over. So let's just jump right into it, huh? So of course, like the thumbnail and title suggested, this is going to be somewhat of a bullish video. Now, don't adjust your screens. Don't report this as an AI scan video. This is really me talking about things. There's three things I'd like to go over. One of those things is that this, you didn't miss out on anything. They did not miss out on the phenomenal gains. So I know, yes, maybe you missed the bottom and that's okay. No one's going to totally nail it and sell their kidneys and kids and houses and go all in at the very bottom for every type of thing. Doesn't happen. Maybe somebody got lucky, congratulations to them. But for the reasonable people, such as ourselves, you didn't miss anything, but you just missed some relatively decent deals. And the second thing is this, is that when we're gonna talk about going into crypto and going into Bitcoin and lump summing all that stuff, you're gonna be down at some point. So just know that not every day is going to be a green day. How far down can you go and take it is up to you. I can't tell you what to do. I'm not your dad, I'm not a financial advisor, but I'm telling you right now, at some point you will be down. And that could be 10%, that could be 40%, that could be up to 50% or more. Just know that these things can actually happen. If you understand that, then everything will be okay. And the last thing I just wanna talk about is this is something that I get lost into. I get lost in the sauce. It's called paralysis by analysis. So I want you just to do something today.  And that essentially has what has helped me throughout my investment career, daring to be dumb. And not trying to realize that you can take a look at all markets and know exactly where things are going based on this analysis and that and that piece and that piece, because for every piece of the puzzle you put together, guess what? There's another piece that you had no idea was actually happening. And there's things that you will never know are actually happening behind the scenes. So just give into the great beyond and say, you know what, I'm just gonna go with it and go from there. So this was a tweet that I put out today, which is essentially the same thumbnail that I put out because sometimes I get kind of lazy, especially on the weekends. And I said this, I go, look, get in now before it's too late. Now I know most of us have already gotten into it, and that's fine. But I said in honesty, and this is the same thing that happened in 2017, or excuse me, in 2016, it happened in 2020 and it's happening again in 2024, is anybody going to care if you got in? Now I know a lot of you didn't get in when Bitcoin was below a dollar. Did anybody get in there below a dollar? Raise your hand. I didn't think so. So just know that the best time to get into the crypto market was probably when you were in high school. And that didn't happen, but here we are. So I just said, look, will anybody care if they got into Bitcoin below 30K if the price is whatever it is per Bitcoin? And Mike Mad says, loving the bullish rob. And yeah, people love it when I'm bullish, but just be aware that I am cautiously optimistic. And I said, like I said, look, it's time. We could see, and remember, like I said, you're gonna be down at some point and we could see on their black swan event. We could have another pandemic. We could have World War three. We could have some crazy things happen in the American presidential election.  I have no idea, but things will happen. So we could see on the black swan event like Corona. And I said, but it's so what? At what, at that point when everything is going in the toilet, like 50% or lower, most people are too busy filling their pants to actually do the smart thing and go all in. I don't know how many of you like sold your house and went in on Bitcoin when it was $3,500 back in March of 2020. If you did, congratulations, but it usually doesn't happen. And it's the way it comes down to. So this is why I think now is the time. Let's take a look at history. History, historical facts, history. We're gonna take a look at three different having events, 2012, 16 and 20. 2012, the having was November, 2012. 2016, it was July, 2016. And 2020, it was May 11th. So I couldn't find this, the historical data on CoinGecko, I had to go to 99 Bitcoins. They're like one of the few that actually recognize or chart the different historical data that belongs to Bitcoin before 2013. So again, if we're taking a look at November of 2012, I just want you to notice one thing is that Bitcoin back here was four bucks in 2011. So let's come back. Let's go, what's the day, the fourth? It was six bucks. It was $5.92, $5.92, which is a pretty good time, probably to go all in. I think this is one I think we'd all agree. But you'll notice that if it went all in, it went from $6.592 to 419. You would be eating crow right now because you're like, oh man, I lost like 20%, 25, whatever it is. I'm down. This is awful. I knew Bitcoin sucked. It was a scam amount and you sell. Okay, you can do that. But just know that if you went all in here, did some lump sum action, went all the way over here to roughly November, 2012, it's at 11 bucks. And you will notice that moving forward past the halving event, it did pretty darn good. And it went up to 20 and all the way up to 1,000 or whatever it was in 2013. Great. Same thing over here in July. Again, this was the halving year, July, 2016th, right? So if you would have got in around, like I said, like right now, February, you're paying 373 bucks. Go all in, right?  I'm down a little bit here. Or maybe you get in or up up here, which is not a good idea. So you come over here to July, I think it was July 9th, somewhere around there, buy the rumor, sell the news.  Now let's take a look at 2020. Again, in May, if you would have gotten in around, I'll come in all the way back here, let's say you got in at February, you're paying $9,000, $9,000 bucks. What happened? You're thinking you're pretty a genius, right? You got a $9,000, comes all the way up to 10-2, you're like, ah, just like I exactly expected.  Coronavirus. And it goes all the way down here. And a lot of people sold. Now, I can't tell you what's gonna happen. Maybe we have something that happened that is awful. You're gonna lose at some point.  You're not. All you gotta do is just stick around and just like everything else, it comes back. Now, if we didn't have a global pandemic, I don't care if you think it was real or not, that's not the point. The point is we're talking about numbers. If you just do like, I'm not a TA person, but if I could drill a line, it went pretty much like this. And then off we went to the great beyond and that's what it looks like. So that's pretty good. So again, the question is, did I miss it, Rob? Did I miss it? You didn't miss squat. You're doing just fine. So let's take a look at, let's do a little DCA simulation. Let's steal all of Ben's information as we possibly can before he catches us. So, wouldn't it have been a great time to get in the last cycle around 2018? Absolutely, but you didn't. Mostly you didn't. Some of you did. I was one of them. And I was dollar cost averaging. Well, let's just say for example, I got into 2018 and I got into some of these legacy type of cryptos, the Bitcoins, XRP, Chainlink, Doge, Ada, BNB and I lump summed a thousand bucks in here. You've been doing pretty good actually, right? Cause that's 2018. That's like at the very bottom of the bottom. And I wanna show you, this is why I wanted to show you this because you're investing in November 26, 2018, roughly the bottom of the cycle and you put a thousand bucks in, congratulations. You timed the bottom perfectly, roughly. And it became over here. How'd you do? You crushed it. Congratulations. Now, the question is, did you sell? I don't know. That's the bigger thing. But even doing all this stuff and talking about it at Bitcoin, you're up 15 X. Ada, you're up 44 X. Solana, which just came out not too long ago. In 2020, you're up 52 X. BNB, you're up 136. Chainlink, $168,000 in Dogecoin, which has been around since 2014. You're at $300,000, congratulations. But that didn't happen. Usually what happens is, what if you just did this? Let's say you put a thousand bucks in on 2019, right? You're doing pretty good. And this is what I'm telling you. You're doing great, you're doing great.  You're down because there was a global pandemic. And here we are, you're down 38%, excuse me, 30%, 28%, 21, 20, and 13. But even if you did that and just waited it out, look how well you did.  Let me change this a little bit. Let's do 2020 and let's pick today, February 4th. And you had lump summed in a thousand bucks today, which was the last, the last halving.  And then all of a sudden things just turn around because guess what? It's not a big deal. Because in March, you lost 46% in ADA. You're down 42% on Bitcoin, 38% in XRP, 38% of BNB because who knows? But all's yet to do is just hang on and here you are again. It's the same thing. You didn't miss anything. You're up 6X on Bitcoin. On an XRP you're up five, almost the same amount. Avax8X.10X, link 18, 31, 32, 50, and 231. And that's if you went, that's if you did essentially right before the halving, a couple months before the halving, two or three. Now let's say Rob, I don't have a thousand bucks. I don't have 9,000 bucks hanging around. I got you, no big deal. How much, you got 25 bucks? That's where I started, 25 bucks. Same thing, February 2nd, 2020. Did you miss out? Yes, you did miss out because you didn't time the bottom. That's okay. Again, that's okay. 25 bucks, I'm going in. Eh, I'm down, wow, I'm down 46% again.  Damn, this coronavirus. That's all right. I'll just keep dollar cost averaging going in and going in and going in. And then we get over here. Hey, not too bad. Bitcoin again, I'm up 6X for 25 bucks a day. Okay, 25 bucks a day seems kind of high or whatever. Maybe it's 10 bucks. You get the point. X or PM up 9X, BNB up 32X, ADA, 36X, Solana 41X and of course Dogecoin 220. And if I didn't do anything, it just hung around to this point. Let's say I'm in a coma. Let's hope not. And I'm just like, I've got the sell. Guess what you're up.  You're up 47X on Doge, on BNB and ADA and so on and so forth. So again, do I think that you lost anything? I don't think you lost squat. I think that you're in the right place at the right time and I don't want to hear anybody like saying, ah, but this guy told me not to get in and that guy told me and this thing, take responsibility. It's time to take action or not. I'm not your dad. I'm just saying for right now, me personally, I lump some of a big chunk, chunk of change into Bitcoin and some alts just yesterday. And I expect it to go down. I expect to be in the red. I'm okay with that because my time horizon is a little bit longer. Anyhow, let me know what you think about that in the comment section. I think everybody's lucky. I'm glad everybody's here with me and let's see how things go. So that'll take care of the news part. Now I want to do just a little bit of a deeper dive on this question. And this question came out from CryptoT. Don't follow CryptoT, very entertaining lady on X and she's really into of course Bitcoin and I follow her interesting stuff. But there's this question and I had alluded to this a couple of videos ago and the question was this. She says, I was speaking with a co-developer for a bank and I asked him about Bitcoin. He said, the idea of losing all your money from a hacker corrupted hard drive is not worth the risk. I said, that's why you don't store your keys on a computer. Pretty good response, right? But he said, hey, so you're telling me the future of digital finance is essentially the only thing I do is use a pen and paper and that's the future. And she's like, I kind of got stumped on that answer. And then there was a lot of different people coming back say, hey, this is okay. This is what you should say. This is what it is. And I was like, yeah, yeah, yeah, it's pretty good stuff. And it bothered me. It bothered me enough to really start to think about how I would answer this. And it brought me up to like an updated version of how I explained Bitcoin to people because I'll be honest with you. I'm really tired of talking to people who don't know about Bitcoin.  Like if it's a pop fly, I'll put my glove up and catch it but I'm not gonna run something down and do a dive and catch. You gotta come to me. And that's why I defer to smarter people. This is Jeff Booth. And it was actually a tweet. It was a good tweet from the VEC. And I linked his, also his ex-account in the description as well as CryptoT, follow both of them, very good stuff. And he says, you got nine seconds to orange pill the world. And Jeff Booth said it perfectly. He goes, if you don't hold Bitcoin, your prices are going up. If you denominator Bitcoin, prices are coming down. I was like, that's pretty genius. And of course to make this very simple, we always take a look at how inflation is slightly robbing you. If we take 20 bucks in 1980 and compare that to today, you get way, way, way less in your shopping cart or whatever you're buying. Even, I mean, don't even get me started on like fuel costs, right? But if you did Bitcoin in 2011, you could probably get a, you know, like we just talked about it, stack of groceries. If you did that in 2021, you get a nice $67,000 car. Whoever's buying that, I don't have that.  And speaking of which, what Jeff said about denominating in Bitcoin, there's a great website we've talked about before, priced in Bitcoin. And I like it because you can put everything into Bitcoin, denominate that against the fiat or cash, and you can put it into Sats or Bitcoin itself. And one of the best examples, and it's got everything. It's got everything from like the S&P 500, to precious metals, to Dow Jones, to orange juice, everything. And I link that in the description as well. You can check it out. So if you want to orange pull your friends, but like this, like a new house in 2019, a new house in 2019, cost you $320,000. And that same $320,000 in 2019 would have been 93 Bitcoin. Now today, that same house is 418,000, and it costs you less than 10 Bitcoin to get away with that. Same thing here in gold, in gold announced, and back in, oh, this is 2019 as well. It would cost you $1,300, $1,320, and it would cost you 0.38 Bitcoin. And of course now, it costs you 0.05 Bitcoin, and even though the price of gold has gone up, which makes me come to my next point, which is this. When we're talking about getting into Bitcoin, you're always gonna, the people are gonna say, yeah, but you know, people tell me not to buy it. I mean, and these like respected people in the industry, now I know everybody's laughing right now, but don't laugh. A lot of people watch Jim Cramer. A lot of people listen to Peter Schiff. I don't know why, but they've been telling the same nonsense for years. Look at Schiff. For Pete's sakes, he's been saying this for a decade before he had gray hair. And gold was $1,700 in 2020 or $1,700, now it's over 2,000, so congratulations. I hold gold and silver. I don't see the problem with this. Hold gold, silver and Bitcoin, I don't get it. But look at this price, this is ridiculous. And these titans of industry are telling you not to do it, morons. Well, they're reasonably smart, but I think they have underlying conditions why they wanna do that. And Preston Pish says that perfectly. And this was from simply Bitcoin. He talks about, if you're an investor versus a speculator for your timeframe and of course the risk that you take. And I'm gonna play this, because it's just so good. It's a minute long. I want you to listen to this. And I think this will help kind of like shift your view on things. So let me make sure you can actually hear this perfectly. With the crispest of clear, smooth audio that I can provide. Take a listen, this is about a minute. And just so you know, Preston here does talk extremely fast, I can't help that. That's just how he is. Listen to this portfolio construction. Because Bitcoin operates in four-year periods of time with the halving event, okay? I believe that if somebody's buying Bitcoin and holding it for four years, plus it's an investment. I think anything under four years gets more speculative, especially if you start going under a year. So let's just say you take any four-year holding period over the last, since Bitcoin had a price, then you compare that to the S&P 500, but you do it by adjusting your sizing, like they preach in business school, right? So listen to these two different portfolios. Portfolio one is a 2% allocation to Bitcoin, 98% cash, and you compare it to 100% allocation. The second portfolio would be 100% allocation to the S&P 500. Your performance is better with the 2% Bitcoin allocation. You can pick the four-year period of time.  You can pick any four-year period you want in Bitcoin's history, okay? And compare that to a four-year period in the S&P 500. The performance is gonna be higher around 50 to 80% annualized compound annual growth rate with a 2%, okay? And your volatility is only 1.4% annualized, okay? It's similar to the S&P 500. You're about a 50% annualized performance with the S&P 100% and the S&P 500, but your annual volatility is 20%, which is 14 times higher than a 2% allocation in Bitcoin. I think this is so important for portfolio construction going into 2024 and into the future. Yeah, so a little bit quick, but it makes sense though, right? And there was another video that he did. I'm not gonna play it, but he said pretty much the same thing we talked about four years. And he goes, if you take a look over four years, it's gonna outperform everything. And of course there's gonna be massive dips here and there, but that's just exactly how it is. So when I take a look at this, I'm like, well, that makes total sense. So then, and actually it makes total sense for me personally. And we talked about this a couple of weeks ago. Here's a prime example of me thinking I'm out, I'm the genius, which I am definitely not. So me and the wife bought a condo here in Puerto Rico and it was an investment property, worked out pretty well, $260,000 in cash, how it goes, right? So you pay a quarter of a million dollars essentially and we bought this on July 24th, 2020, roughly where that big white arrow is, right? If I would have put that money, $206,000 into just Bitcoin, again, for your cycles, for your timeframe, I still would have beat everything. And this is the time, this was right after the having, it would be worth almost $1.8 million at the peak. And if I would have screwed up and like not sold, guess what? It still would have been worth $427,000. And if I would have sold on the bottom, which, hey, everybody makes mistakes, that's a bad one, but I still would be doubled my investment.  So even though, yes, the investment's done quite well and we've done pretty well on short-term rentals and I just would have put in a Bitcoin, that's it. Now, does that mean you put everything to Bitcoin? It's not what I'm saying. I'm saying this is what I should have done and I did not do it. And that will lead me to the last couple of points, which is this. People are gonna complain about Bitcoin, about the amount of energy usage it does and it's destroying the country. And like I said before, they have a point. Bitcoin does actually use a lot of electricity. It's true. And actually it uses a little bit more than Poland, Malaysia, Ukraine, Pakistan, Norway, but a little less than South Africa, Thailand and Vietnam. So that's good. But you have to remember this. Bitcoin miners also do a pretty good job of using wasted energy, such as flaring, which is for natural gas. As it comes out of the ground, they have to flare it all out so they can put the pressure down. I don't wanna get into it, it's boring, but Bitcoin miners can actually tally up to this and they can capture that waste of energy and use that to power the Bitcoin miners. And of course, that's also good for the environment, right? Flaring is not good. And then also, and this was a correction I had to make. I read most of my comments and someone said, hey, this is now at work. So two things on energy. First of all, in the great side of Texas, where I'm from, Bitcoin miners, they get to use either excessive energy or energy that they have a deal with the state of Texas and they actually shut down usage during peak times. We all know about this, right? If it's too cold and it's freezing, they shut down, they get to use it. If it's too hot, they shut down, they can put it to the places where it actually needed. And of course, they get paid, but they also get to stimulate the economy by buying all of this electricity that may be excessive. And then this is from the EIA, the Energy Information Administration. More than 60% of energy used for electricity generation is lost in conversion. I was incorrect about this and I will correct my mistake, which is this. As far as conversion, they're talking about the conversion from coal to burning coal and putting that into electrical usage or for natural gas and putting into electrical usage because you can't just go from one to the other. You have to actually convert it. 60% wasted, gotcha. Which is essentially what they said over here in the EIA in the top right-hand corner. So yeah, you're gonna lose that in 60%, that's for everything, right? But remember this, transmission and distribution, essentially getting to the area, especially if they're far away from the centralized electrical power usage, it's 5% lost. Consumer wiring and devices also are 5 to 90% lost as far as useful energy. So I know we talk about it, but I think it's a pretty good thing that Bitcoin miners are doing and they're very efficient because it's efficient for them. The less money that they have to pay for electricity, the better off they are and more profitable. And lastly, and we talked about this, I'm just gonna play this video. It's about two minutes long from Bitcoin Shooter. It's about how even if Bitcoin mining for some reason gets shut down in the United States, which I wouldn't be surprised because we're kind of dumb. And this could actually, you know, Elizabeth Warren and all the different haters out there that can do all this stuff. It'll just move someplace else like Africa. And this is why, this is a beautiful thing. So listen to this, it's about two minutes long. We've already shown this before, but I wanna make this crystal clear. Again, let me make sure you can hear this in the most crystal clear of audio. Again, two minutes, not the whole thing, but take a listen. This is why it doesn't matter if it gets shut down in Africa, if it gets shut down in America, North America, or Trudeau wants to get rid of it or Biden wants to get rid of it, whatever. It's gonna go someplace else and it's gonna be useful, it's gonna be great. Take a listen. 400 million Africans live without electricity, but that's changing. I have three kettle. When using a machete for chopping that pot, I'd have used two or three hours to chop enough food for my kettle. But with this, 10 minutes, it is very fast. Time is so important, most important, most important. Our kids have improved in their studies. They couldn't study well because we were using candles and kerosene, which will damage our eyes because of the smoke. And we also see the benefit because we charge our phones well, we watch TV, things have been perfect, a comfortable life. Wow, amazing. How did they get power? It starts with naturally running water, which feeds into a hydro power plant. Problem is, it's normally not profitable to build a rural power plant like this. My name is Thomas Pumans. I'm the co-founder and CEO of Hydrobox. We produce power for the local community. This site is located in Moranga County. That's in central Kenya. We were producing power, but back in the day, only able to sell 40%. And of course, economically, that doesn't make any sense. I got to know Eric, and I was talking to him about our challenge. We said, okay, what if we came in and we gave you 100% usage right away? Our job at Gribless is bit clean mining. We'll walk in a 20-foot container with 130 miners in it. We turn it on. All of a sudden, their finances are different, just like the villager who's getting electricity for the first time, and now they can envision a different future. Same thing happens with energy providers. Immediately, they can start thinking about the future, and they can start thinking about, oh, there's that other site I wanted to go and energize. I have been able to get them... Whoops. Turn off. But anyhow, what we're just talking about there was, and the same thing they're going to do, they're going to say, yeah, you can actually go there.  And then the founder of the Hydrobox said, yeah, that's essentially what we're doing right now, and there's 80 different locations where we're able to do that and become profitable. So in that situation, again, I understand how people would say, ah, electricity uses it so much, but when we take a look at the nuances of it and get behind it, we're like, oh, it's a little bit different. So that would lead me to the last point, which is, well, illicit activity, I don't want to go over this because it's just ridiculous. Elizabeth Warren, JP Morgan, they say the same thing, and of course we know that illicit activity, yes, there is some that's done, it's like 0.24%, but of course the dollar is the big one, and of course JP Morgan's going to go on all the different news publications and say how awful it is, but again, here's JP Morgan and their glorious history of following the rules, and if you're in glass houses, maybe you shouldn't throw stones. And yes, Damien Alls said he'd shut it down. Good luck with that. There's over 150, or sorry, yeah, 15,000 nodes already, 16,000 roughly across the entire planet. And that's from every North America, South America, Europe, even Africa, China, Russia, and all those things, those are nodes. And of course they can look at Bitcoin operations or mining operations. It's centralized, I have to say, well, the miners, that's not true. Miners have told me I'm incorrect. Even though there is a massive hub of the main Bitcoin miners, remember, if you're a Bitcoin miner, you can connect to any of these different operations and pick and choose as you see fit.  So that would lead me to the question, the original question I had from Crypto T, the question that she was asked, how is this going to be a digital finance revolution when you want me to use a pen and paper? I thought about it, I thought about it for a long time. And I thought, you know what, it's an eloquent solution. Because think of it this way. If we take a look at all the different people that are, just we just took a look at it. The different people that are in Africa, different people in Afghanistan, different parts of Central America, different parts of Asia, they are unbanked, 1.4 billion people. And that's adults. I know there's roughly 8 billion people in the world that we know about. So a quarter of adults are unbanked. They can't use a bank. But guess what they have, just like we saw in the video, 6.8 billion people have a smartphone. So yes, I understand that it is expensive to get a ledger, to get a tangent, to get some new devices, whatever the heck this thing is called, from Jack Dorsey and his new cold storage device. But you can do two things. You can use a paper wallet, works, still works. You can use a hot wallet, you can use a phantom, you can use MetaMask, even though I despise MetaMask, you could still use it. And of course you can write these things down and you have it within your possession. You can use it all over the country, to just a paper, to have the savings in your back pocket, all the way up to Jack Dorsey's new whatever cold storage device and everything in between. And of course, yeah, we can use lightning and it's a heck of a lot cheaper than Visa. Also, if we take a look at between Solana and, you know, ZK Rollups on Ethereum, lighting actually works pretty well. Now, I'm not going to hear the debate but the answer to the question is, yes, this is the next evolution. And yes, you can, it's an elegant solution for everything that we have. You can use it on paper, you can use it digital, you can use it on your phone and everywhere else to bring people into 20th century, 21st century savings, payments, remittances and everything in between and the benefits that is banking. And that's it for today. So look, I know that a little bit along, this section of the news. If you want to stick around, we'll do a little Q&A. A lot of great questions in the comment section and we'll go from there. If you've got to take off, take off. Thanks so much for stopping by. Appreciate you.


Hey, Kyrie, welcome back. Hope all is well. His team looks different since the last time you were out there on the floor, or at first, just your... I'm just very excited, you know, just to have James here. Obviously, letting go of some of the pieces that have been here in the Nets organization for a while, even before I got here. You know, it's going to be hard regardless. You know, it's just the nature of the business. We're all brothers still, you know. So, we're just moving on into the next phase of just developing as a team and just building some camaraderie and having fun. There's a lot of family and personal stuff going on, so just want to leave it at that. CBS New York, can you see yourself fitting back? Obviously, a huge robo for now, coupled with James Harden in the mix. Like I said, it's just really exciting, you know, just to be able to play with great players that have, you know, just been here in the league for a while, have been through ups and downs, the peaks and valleys. So, you know, James is aligned with us in terms of just experience and, you know, adding that to our locker room is going to be great for us.