And just to touch up on like tattoos and medicine, I don't know how much we're bearing off topic now, but it's fine. If you were to practice in family medicine, they're going to make you cover that up. Like Boris has a tattoo. So I kind of like, we'll use that same mindset where it's like, oh, do I like this tattoo idea? I'll give myself a like half a year to think about it. And if I like it in half a year, then maybe it's something that I can seriously consider. And just real quick, before we wrap up, you got on the subject of tattoos. Yeah, just want to do a spoiler alert. My third tattoo, I think I figured out what it's going to be. Oh, you have two already? Yeah, I got this little guy. I got 12 years ago and I got this one. The camera can see it. Oh, that's a hidden one, huh? It's right here. You can see it. Yeah, there it is. Wow. What does that mean? So this is, I wish I could actually put this on camera, but I can't because the camera's over there. But it's so my dad is an artist. He makes paintings and he never signs his name. He signs this little sailboat. I'll put the picture on the screen. Okay. Signs with this like characteristic trademark little sailboat that he always draws. And he doesn't sign his name. So this is his signature.  And it's everything good. It still will be. Is that Russian? Yeah. Oh, wow. Yeah. Yeah. Both my tattoos are in Russian. Well, you know what? I remember you posting about you getting a tattoo. I was always curious as to what it was. I think I missed the story and when you posted it, but yeah. Yeah, that's, yeah, I love tattoos. So I mean, that's when I saw you wearing the tank top and then I saw that I was like, Oh yeah. Well, the next one, I'm super stoked about this one. I think this is going to happen probably pretty soon. I'm sharing my screen. This is like when I look at the YouTube analytics, this is where the video is just like drops off because nobody cares about this. You sign off after this. You know, some people might care about tattoos in this audience. I don't know. But this is going to be the next one. I guess there's a statue at one of the institutions in Russia where it's like a tribute to the animals that gave their lives for medical research. So it's this mouse like weaving a DNA double helix. That's pretty cool. That would be really cool on the arm. I think it's sweet. I think it's going to go like, I don't know, right here, here, if you're out enough. But I just always thought that was cool. It's like, I think it kind of makes you think about things in more than one perspective. So like those of us that were bio majors, like some of us work with animals and that's like where I drew the line. I was like, I am not beheading mice. I'm not doing that. So I just worked with like cells and it was boring. But like a lot of people were kind of binary. They were either like, no, mice are, you know, God's creatures and animals and you shouldn't hurt them. And then some people were like, no, it's like for research is for a good purpose. And so I don't care about mice. I think it's like, it's not a binary. I think you can have both. You can really respect the mouse, like, you know, the animal is giving its life and also realize that its life has a purpose. And that purpose is to, you know, improve mankind and our medicine and the things that we can do. It's almost like paying a tribute to it. And also, it's something that means something to you symbolically. So I think that's the most important thing. Yeah. Well, and the fact that it's in Russia is just like the icing on the cake because it's, you know, my motherland, my homeland from. A tribute to your background, your ethnic background. It's just the cool picture too, you know. And just a touch up on like tattoos and medicine. I don't know how much we're very, very off topic now, but it's fine. If you were to practice in family medicine, they're going to make you cover that up. They are. At least where I practice, it just depends, I guess, with the populations that you're with and what area you're in. But I think I was more in like a middle, higher, higher middle class area when I was scrubbing in family medicine.  I had to, I didn't have tattoos at the time, but I knew doctors that have tattoos practicing in that facility and they have to cover really up. But I know from the hospital standpoint, hospital culture, I've seen physicians with blasted out arms and that's why that's why I got one because I was like, oh, well, I'm going to work in the hospital anyway. So it's almost like I've committed myself. Oh, you're already committed, Eliza. Yeah. Otherwise, you've got to wear like a long sleeve. Yeah. I mean, that depends on the family medicine clinic that you practice at. But keep that in mind, too. Not many people know that.  Right. That's actually, it's interesting that you said it was in like an upper middle class area because I feel like depending on where you work and you were bought a super snooty upper middle class area tattoos actually help you bond with patients. Right. You know, they're like, oh, yeah, I've got tattoos. Everybody I know has tattoos. You know, like, oh, that one's cool. Where'd you get that? It's just like it helps you be not like, oh, the doctors here or the providers here. It's just one of us and like, now I can trust this guy. So depending on your population that you work with, it could be a good thing, or I guess some people would be like, tattoos are bad. Just like, so a little story I have when I was still a tech, right, they would allow us to wear these shirts. And like, I had, I was starting to work out where I kind of tight shirts, kind of like this one where you could see my tattoo. From a patient's perspective, I was still a tech, but they always thought I was a doctor for some reason. I don't know if there was a skirt cap in my glasses. You're so confident. Yeah. Well, yeah. And like the way you talk in the way you get used to talking to patients, they automatically used to bounce a doctor and they're okay with me having this. So once I'm a PA, I mean, yeah, though, everything will be okay. Like, it just depends on how you carry yourself, you know, in patient interactions. That being said, if you have like six inch gauges and you took them out and your like ears look like a earthworm, like, I don't know, some people might be less comfortable with that as the provider, but like, also it's a decision made and now you can't go back on it. What are you saying? Like because I made a decision, I'm not super proud of I can't be a medical provider. You know, it's like people's judgment is people's judgment, but just do you and do the best you can. Right. I don't know. It's a thing. I don't know how we got on this topic, but this is going to be probably a separate video. I guess it'll be this video is like, this is like the longer tail end of it, but I'll probably post it as separate, you know, whatever, like tattoos and medicine. I don't know why we started. Just like, just like like both topics that we're talking about literally, and I'm also going to bleep out the S part of the bowl. Yeah. But anyway, so that's what we'll do. My buddy Austin, he's a dermatology PA. I refer so many rashes to him. I always text him like, Austin, what is this thing? And then like, I also like refer people to him, but he's actually getting married in in one hour and 15 minutes. So you got to go. Yeah. I'm going to be at that wedding. He got to fix that hair. Yeah. It takes forever. I hate it. It's just like, I wake up and I have to do my hair for hours. I am going to trim up the beard though. I want to look fresh. Sounds good. Well, I hope you have a good time at the wedding, man. It was a good talk today. Yeah, definitely. We also, we only got to two topics out of our five and we also added one about the tattoos. So whatever, man. So anyway, guys, I'm Boris. I'm a physician assistant. This is I'm Elijah. I'm a first year PA student at Rutgers. Cool. And we're going to be bringing you lots more content on PA school admissions, on essays, on interviews, on PA school as in general, how to study that kind of stuff, career advice, you know, because I'm a couple of years ahead of Elijah. I've been practicing about two years. He's just starting his PA school journey. He just got in without too much rambling by my book, how to get into PA school, how to write your essay, step by simple step and also just some application tips. Link is going to be in the description for the video and I'm going to a wedding. So I got to get ready. Elijah, good talking to you. Good. All right, Boris. All right, y'all. Elijah, everybody else, peace. We'll see you in the next video.


Oh, I don't know if I want to post this one. 14 karat gold at the Benz. Oh my goodness, it's so frustrating. Let's just stop it. Hey, fellow buddies, thanks for watching. On my little pony. Amazing, right? All right, let's get started. Hey, fellow buddies, thanks for watching. All right, in this video, we are going to talk about big money bolos. Items to be on the lookout for, items you can hopefully buy low and sell for a big profit. I'm going to tell you where they got it, what they paid for it, and what it sold for. So these items come from my Bolo Buddies Facebook group. This is what it looks like. If you're not in my Bolo Buddies Facebook group, there's a link down below. Definitely go join it and anybody can participate in this video. So I dropped this into the post or the share feed. And I invite everybody in the group to share their best Bolo. This one just happens to be share your best February Bolo. So everybody puts in the comments, their screenshot where they got it, what they paid for it, and what it sold for. And I bring it to you in video format. So we are going to get started here with some big money bolos. If you hear me shout out a YouTube channel or an eBay store and pop up their information. That means they are Bolo Buddies members of my YouTube channel and they have joined Level 2 for perks. So if you're interested in that awesome, there's more information down below. If not, no worries. It is absolutely free to share Bolo. Okay, let's get started with the first one here. It says, I picked this up at a yard sale for $3. I knew vintage and dealer exclusive advertising items, especially for luxury cars, could be a Bolo. I couldn't find any exact comp. So I started it on auction for $72. I felt like I was reaching a bit, but the long run it paid off. Thank you Courtney for your great videos and shout out to Terri at Mindful Recycle, you two ladies who are who have taught me the auction pricing strategy. Yeah. So if I can't find another item that is like the item I'm selling, I recommend auction because that way you're going to know for sure.  If it's not something special, then it's probably not going to sell, but price it at what you hope to get for it. That's what I do. Okay. So this is a vintage rare BMW advertising wheel ashtray dealership showroom stock removable hub. And this is what it looks like. So it's an ashtray. Somebody put, I would have walked right past that. Found at the bins in a bag of jewelry cost pennies $1.59 a pound sold for $120. Very happy. Awesome review. Wow. It's a 14 karat yellow gold Black Onyx Asian symbol chain link bracelet. 14 karat gold at the bins. What? That is awesome. Okay. This is what it looks like. All right. The next one got this cutie at St. Vincent's DePaul Catholic charity thrift store for $1. It sold overnight for $295 plus shipping best sale to date. It is a Disney store angel plush from Lady and the Tramp to best of show. And it is rare with the with the little tag. And this is what it looks like. So that $1 into 295. Ah, that is so awesome. All right. This one comes from the quiet thrifter. She is a Bolo buddies member. This is what her eBay store looks like and check out her store. She has an incredible items. Incredible. She sells a lot of really cool stuff. I bought this 1996 West German Steinbach nutcracker at an antique store for $40 listed on eBay for $289 and took a best offer of $200. Buyer paid shipping and it sold in less than a week. There you go. Here is another one that she sold. She said, bought this West German Christian Holzkunst nutcracker at an antique store for $35 and took a best offer of $139 and the buyer paid shipping on that one. All right. Here we go. One of my favorite ways to source because the price is always right. Curbside shopping a.k.a. trash picking. Both of these items were saved from going to a landfill and sold locally for full price on Facebook marketplace on the same day. $65 into the Jerry fund. So you guys can share a Bolo from any platform. It does not have to be eBay. Okay. So just make sure you tell me in the little post where you sold it at. Okay. So this is a tour edge ladies six way golf bag and a medium birdcage A&E house top with accessories. One sold for $35 and one sold for $30. That is free money sitting on the side of the road. How many of you are sourcing from the side of the road? Let me know in the comments. Somebody put, how do you know when stuff is set out where to go? Do you just drive around? He said, I trash pick in my hometown and I know what days each section gets picked up. It's designated into five zones. So Sunday through Thursday, I have opportunities here. They don't have special bulk days.  So anytime people set the trash out potentially could yield treasure. It helps that keep people can be wasteful. But often they set unwanted usable items to the side hoping someone gets them. And I've done that before. You know what I mean? If it's something like I think that somebody could maybe use, I'll sit it out there and I usually donate, but those items will get picked up in our neighborhood as well. There's people that drive around. So I do the same thing. I'll sit it outside of the trash can. If you do that, let me know in the comments.  Let's see. What did he say? As a general rule, I don't go through garbage cans and I almost never open bags. I say almost because sometimes houses get cleaned out and everything's in contractor bags. Rules I set for myself that I never break, be respectful where I park and never leave a mess behind. Oftentimes it's home. If homeowners are present, I first ask permission to take an item. And quite often they will offer more that hadn't been put out yet. There's a tip. People seem pleased that their items are able to be used by someone. They will just not usually by me. They will just not usually by me. He's saying like, yeah, I'm going to take them, but they're not going to be for me. I'm going to sell them. My buyer is happy. I'm happy. The original owner is happy and the item doesn't end up in the landfill. Everyone wins. I love it. So there are some tips for trash picking for you guys. And I wasn't planning on reading that. I just happened to see it. I have, I don't look through these before I do the video. So sometimes I'm like, what does that say? So bear with me here. Purchased at the Goodwill for $4 sold for 80 a few weeks after listing actually found a total of six of the series with all in of 22 for me. I've sold five of them for a total of $585. Harry Potter Hallthorne Village Collection. And this is what it looks like. And the Hallthorne Collection definitely can be a boat. I found this on my first trip to the Goodwill Benz. I went specifically because I heard you talk about them on YouTube. She weighed two pounds. So I paid about $3 sold seven days after listing in an auction. Oh my goodness. Vintage Vogue Baby Deer 18 inch Eloise Wilkin Designed Doll Top Knot 1960 First Edition. Look at this. I feel like I see these things all the time at the Benz. And depending on condition, I have picked some up. Some of them sell, some of them sit. But you know, for the price, it's like it's almost worth the risk. She sold this for $299.99. Garage Sale this summer purchased for a dollar sold for 489 took about six or seven months to sell. Who cares? I always tell that to you guys whenever something takes a while to sell but it sells like a dollar into 489. Who cares if it took six to seven months? That's nothing. That is a huge profit. Huge dollar into 489. My first trip to the Benz I was looking through what others had already pretty much picked through. I saw something that looked like a nice portfolio but had an odd logo. It looks new. I picked it up and opened it and in it was a little solar charger with the plastic still on the panels. Has a nice mesh zip bag and the cables and components paid $1.26 and was asking $84.99 based on comps. But wanted to get it sold. I think I had a coupon on it. I got $67.99. I think a pretty good Bolo for my first trip to the Benz. And this is what it looks like right here. So goal zero solar panel nomad power out options new without box. So if I'm at the Goodwill Benz and I can find items that are new old stock I definitely always pick them up. Okay here we go. This is fun. I picked this up at a church flea a church flea. He picked it up at a church flea guys last fall for $5. Sorry Jerry got to give you a hard time and didn't listen till mid-January because I had more pressing things going on cross posted it across several platforms declined to lowball offers and even asked don't they sell this at Walmart. I answered that last I checked Walmart was out of stock on the 2003 model that I had took about two weeks and it sold on Facebook marketplace for full price of $60 plus shipping.  People like come on anyway and those are people that probably aren't going to buy your item anyway you know they're just kind of giving you a hard time.  My kid is just gonna scratch these and sniff them or something like that and I'm like I don't know if that's exactly what it said but you get the idea.  How many of you have dealt with this let me know in the comments like yes I've dealt with that person oh my goodness it's so frustrating what do you do I know some people block um I try not to block people but sometimes man if they just keep going with it it's like come on so I feel like it's just kind of a harassment technique they're you know they know you're not going to take their offer it's just something for them to do to kind of get under your skin and push your buttons because they think you're selling the item for too much money because it's just stickers but they're not just stickers these are stickers that you can't get I did a lot of heavy research on those and they're selling and I know they're gonna be long tail most of them because I do have them priced on the higher end because I know their value but they also take the right buyer so if you did not see this video definitely go check it out spoiler what I find is scratch and sniff stickers but it's just incredible you've got to watch the video just unbelievable okay bought for four dollars at an online estate sale auction sold for 102.26 it is a vintage marble western trench coat with removable lining and this is what it looks like so I don't do clothes anymore so it's always nice to get some clothing bolos in here for those of you that do sell clothing everyone knows that Vera Bradley is a bolo this one comes from flip it friends but think of how surprised I was to find the brand new tote along with several more name brand handbags clutches and totes under the table on the last day of a local estate sale for only get this two dollars each not only that but several head matching clutches inside I quickly separated out the clutches and listed everything individually this sold in five days for a total of 55 plus shipping which is about what I spent on the entire sale so everything I sell after this is pure profit so Vera Bradley and again with Vera Bradley it's going to range from bread and butter to bigger money items depending on if it's a discontinued item if it's a rare print hard to find print maybe they come in different shapes so different styles of bags all of those things come into play when you have Vera Bradley but flip it friends is a bolo buddies member this is her youtube channel definitely go and check her out and I will link her down below this one comes from noni's treasure house and she is also a bolo buddies member she said I bought this at a goodwill for three dollars and 99 cents sold overnight for 45 dollars it's a sealed board game called passing the bar and her eBay store will be linked down below if you guys click on the little heart on the eBay stores that is going to follow the eBay store and whenever they send out coupons or add new listings you're going to get notifications so it's a great way to get alerts so definitely click on those hearts I got this royal lady Dalton Dalton Dalton Catherine signed figurine at a humane society thrift store for 12 and 50 cents my husband pointed out these porcelain figures I kind of rolled my eyes but look them up comp's pretty good but it was 25 dollars yikes but it was signed so I thought I'd try went to pay turned out it was buy one get one so went back and grabbed another one this one sold for 125 by the way the other one unsigned sold for 49 so her hubby did good and this is what it looks like that's so funny we're like also cheap it's like 25 dollars ah you know and uh like wait we only pay like two dollars or three so 25 is steep but buy one get one free that definitely helped and it was a bolo for sure bought at a thrift store for two dollars and sold for 50 in a week it's a in in and wait a minute oh in and out burger golf club cover and it's sold for 50 bucks a golf cover how cool is that bought at the goodwill in michigan paid four dollars and 99 cents for it sold within 48 hours on mercari took an offer of 98 was listed for 112 uh this one comes from bolo buddy's member i'm not sure if i'm going to pronounce this right haylin vintage this is what her ebay store looks like and it'll be linked down below and she is also on mercari it is a sash bag cross body sling bag adjustable strap antique teal classic all right the next item this one comes from bolo buddy's member dare to dream big 1313 this is her ebay store she said i started sourcing on whatnot and now i'm addicted purchased for a dollar 25 each average cost sold next day on ebay for 20 each i didn't know what they were but nobody else bit on the lot so i got a whole bunch for two dollars shipping was five dollars so um can you source on whatnot absolutely especially if you can find people who are brand new just starting out that are willing to start their items really low and there's not a lot of people in the room you can really get some good deals but um definitely try to help those people grow if there's somebody that you can tag you know to bring them in to help um you know get that person some new followers that's always a nice thing to do tagging people that you know um but this is great a dollar 25 each their quick silver surfboard wax comb scraper with bottle opener oh my goodness that's awesome yeah 20 each that's what they look like um if you're not on whatnot and you would like to join there is a referral link down below if you use that referral link to join you're going to get 15 dollars free money to shop so take that 15 dollars go buy something on whatnot and flip it on whichever flat platform you sell on so use the 15 dollars to make money yes yes all right so that referral links down below found this um bin of yarn at the Goodwill for 11.99 sold within two weeks all but one bundle left i still get a i still get have a bin so far solds are at 102 don't pass up yarn okay so this is halin vintage again sorry i'm not sure if i'm saying it right but she has this big collage of yarn that she sold and i'm gonna pop the picture up here it looks like one and these looks like they've sold on mercari and ebay 21 dollars on mercari plus shipping 27 plus shipping on mercari 25 plus shipping on ebay 7 i think on ebay 10 on mercari and 12 on mercari and all the mercari were plus shipping so yeah yarn is definitely a great item to pick up got it at the Goodwill was marked 20 but i had a half off coupon so i paid 10 i don't normally do much clothing unless it is something very unusual i don't know anything about sports pants i learned these are used for snowboarding and their vintage i used my worth point thank you Courtney for teaching us about worth point oh you're welcome um if you guys want to learn about worth point i do have videos on it it took me a long time to get worth point because it's kind of pricey but what i ended up realizing once i got it is it makes me money and here's a video i did that proves how it makes me money and sometimes you have to spend money to make money and um that is one thing that i have learned over the years of reselling is there are resources out there that are going to help me make more money by educating me and worth point is a great tool so i do have a referral link down below if you want to check it out if not no worries check out the video first because i'm one of those where i want to know how it's going to help me before i'm going to invest my money in it so i try to share that with you guys if you type in bolo buddy's worth point i have a couple videos on it so she said i found out they were rare listed at 99 auction no bites chart change to buy it now 99 got many lowball offers sold this morning for 89 best offer i know these are rare only had one comp size small mine was a size large and excellent condition maybe i should have held out for more but i feel like i utilize my options thank you courtney for all you do oh you're welcome thank you thank you for the thank you um so they are grenade grenade yeah fatigue project snowboard insulated cargo pants very cool got this from the salvation army for three dollars at first glance i thought it was a baby thermometer saw the ultra pro version was selling on amazon for 74 sold in less than a week on ebay for 55 plus shipping buy it now at 72 all in the womanizer a rit oh oh i don't know if i want to post this one hmm it's definitely not a baby thermometer so we're just gonna say that um it is new sealed in the package so yeah i'm gonna cover up i'm gonna blur it ultra pro version yeah okay um moving on we're just gonna keep that footage in there and blur it out since i did not disclose what it was you guys will have to go to the facebook group and dig if you want to see it oh my gosh oh found this at a garage sale for one dollar wasn't sure what i had i only knew it was delft turns out these are highly sought after it's a polychrome virginia tobacco jar marked royal oh she put in parentheses good luck with that word i have no clue you guys know me so well okay royal go a draw wagon royal go a draw wagon hey i might be close um so for 185 50 with shipping and taxes i made 126 90 after fees this is what it looks like you guys what on earth kind of word is that you guys love giving me those words all right got this item for 50 cents that in a state sale enlisted it for 29 99 plus shipping and with an hour i accepted an offer for 25 plus shipping it is a sony dat tape head cleaning cassette cartridge and this one comes from pnw flips she is a bolo buddies member and her youtube channel will be linked down below local auctioneer has a facebook group where he does online auctions bought in a lot with other canisters so cost was approximately two dollars it's not a super great bolo but as a new reseller i was thrilled posted it tuesday evening at 9 p.m sold the next morning before 7 30 a.m for my full asking price of 59 99 it's a rare false grof i think i say false grof right do i let me know in the comments villa dela luna brown sugar croc with sealed lid 2004 retired and this is what it looks like so sourced it for two bucks online that's great i bought this in san antonio texas at the second day of a garage sale for five bucks i didn't comp it at the sale and i actually regretted buying it until i looked up comps when i got home took a few months to sell but was worth the weight for the right buyer sold for 196 dollars free shipping it is a resident evil the dark side chronicles magnum gun and knife with a we attachments rare huh wonder why he regretted buying it maybe because it's big i don't know i mean he paid five bucks for it so all right this one comes from terry mindful recycle she is a big money bolo finder if you are not subscribed to her channel oh my goodness what are you doing this is what it looks like she is a moderator of the facebook group so go over to her most recent video put in the comments thank you for being a moderator and sub her up you guys because um being a moderator of the facebook group is crazy all right she said i picked this up at an estate sale this is the third one i've sold exactly like this that i picked up at different sales and they sell fast paid two dollars to the best offer of 140 it is the night before christmas uh clement clement more tom patrick hallmark pop-up book from 1988 so definitely remember that one she has found three all right you guys we are gonna stop there because we are already 25 minutes in i got into story time a little bit on that trash pick but i'm telling you that was great information learn your neighborhood learn the neighborhoods around you when is trash day look for those bigger items that are maybe sitting out that you can flip on facebook marketplace i don't do facebook marketplace i have no interest in doing it but for those of you that do um it's definitely like a way to get free stuff all right you guys thanks so much for being here let me know in the comments which one was your favorite bolo and come share a bolo in the facebook group this is what it looks like and if you if you would like to join memberships at level two to be featured in this video which means i pop up the screenshot of your ebay store youtube channel and i link it down below you can join at level two if you don't see a join button there is also my link tree down below and a special link that says join bolo buddies for perks that you can click on no pressure to join bolo buddies memberships you guys it is for you if you think you will benefit from it five bucks is a great price to you know get featured um it's once a month and you just go in and you share on this post and you send me your ebay or your facebook you send me your ebay store or your youtube channel and i feature it so it's really really easy if you click on that join button there is actually a video that gives you all the information um i also have level three there's information on that too if you want to join that but again no pressure to join my channel is completely free this is just for people that want to join for the perks thank you so much for being here thank you for watching now we're going to go into some bloopers because i know i have them because i just did them and i was like that was dumb i'm just going to like cut that out and then i'm going to put it at the end so everybody can just see how silly i am thanks for watching leave me something comment comment below thanks for watching oh and subscribe want to be a bolo buddy let's try that again bolo buddies if you want to be a bolo buddies member come on over to the channel and click on the join button if you don't see the join button there is a link down below this is getting ridiculous all right let's start over we're just gonna delete that out because that was a little bit that was a little bit dumb i thought it was being funny but it really wasn't okay


The workshop is the first component of the project, which will lead to training of additional personnel locally and a service provision to persons seeking help to quit use of tobacco products held over a two-day period. It brought together contributors from the PAHO, WHO in the United States, Switzerland and the Caribbean. Regional advisor for tobacco control of PAHO, Dr. Francisco Armada Perez, reiterated the rationale for the workshop. Tobacco cessation is an important component of tobacco control. Article 14 of the Firmware Convention on Tobacco Control mandates each party to establish in healthcare facilities and rehabilitation centers programs for diagnosing, counseling, preventing and treating tobacco dependence among several other measures concerning tobacco dependency and cessation. The benefits of tobacco cessation have been amply supported by evidence, and this includes improved health in those who quit and similar gains for their families. It has been estimated that 60% of the world's 1.3 billion tobacco users have expressed a desire to quit, but only 33% have access to the tools to help them do so. Regional for Health and Wellness Senator the Honourable Mary Isaac, who addressed the opening ceremony, explained how the workshop could help bridge this gap locally. This project will strengthen our capacity to assist those who need help to quit the use of tobacco. We know this process can be very challenging for those who are motivated, but nicotine addiction often thoughts the efforts of those willing to quit. This initiative adds another critical achievement in the broader tobacco control efforts of the Department of Health and other stakeholders. The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control was unanimously adopted in 2003. St. Lucia was one of the first countries in the OACS to implement a tobacco cessation program. 182 countries have signed on to the convention, covering more than 90% of the world's population. For the Ministry of Health and Wellness, I'm Jacques Hingson Compton.


Hello, my name is Coach Javi. This is my Harlem Globetrotters tryout video. Take one Impressive, I know Anyways, what's up people's coach Javi? First things first if you haven't subscribed to make sure you subscribe Facebook Twitter snapchat Instagram all that stuff in the description below So I guess it's time for some top bins tech is might Yeah key secret always find a little needle hole Always tech is make top bins tech is


I went then to one of the websites I always go to when I'm not sure what I want to talk about. And as always, I went to a John Cochran's website. I went to grumpyeconomist.com, grumpyeconomist.com. I highly recommend John's blog, one of the best blogs and economics and just anything that touches economic culturally, politically. And John is always insightful, always interesting. Even when you disagree with him, you have to marvel at his ability to reason and to think and to present evidence. So I went to his blog and I found two fabulous articles to talk about. And so I initially wanted to talk about both. And then I decided I'll postpone one and just talk about today, just talk about one of the articles he wrote because it's excellent. It's a point I'm pissed off at myself because I should have thought of. It's a topic for show I should have had already because it hits on everything that is fitted to the Iran book show. It's about economics. It's about morality. It's about ethics. It's about politics. It's about what a world would look like if there was a free market. It's just perfect. So I want to talk about free market vaccines, free market vaccination. And again, all credit goes to John Cochran for bringing this up and for writing out his ideas. And I'll basically be summarizing what John has written and what some others have got. A couple of other, Tyler Cowan wrote something, which I don't think is very good about this. And then I found a working paper that somebody wrote about vaccines that I also found interesting. So we're going to talk about how vaccines, how would vaccination work in a free market and what should be done even today? Note that there is one thing that nobody seems to question, that there's just no discussion about. And John actually makes this point in his article and he's kind of shocked and he says, you know, not a single libertarian is making this point. What's going on out there? What's going on with the libertarian? Is there no courage? Is there no, what has happened to them? He says, he says, quote, that nobody dares say this publicly. Not even my favorite libertarians that I have seen, he says, is a little surprising. What happened to America and to economics? That absolutely nobody seems to even question the holy writ that drug companies shall only sell to governments. Governments shall allocate vaccines and severe legal penalties, severe legal penalties shall accrue to anyone who doesn't like it, unquote. That is the shocking reality we live in. Only governments can buy the vaccines. Only governments can allocate the vaccines. If I, and only governments can tell private entities like CVS or Walgreen who are basically acting here as government agents, who to give the vaccines to? If I want to contract with my local CVS to buy a vaccine, I can't. Only the government can allocate vaccines. It's truly stunning that not a single voice, nobody, including by the way the great defender of the free market, Donald Trump, not a single voice is arguing to let the market be, to let drug companies decide how to allocate the vaccine, to let drug companies indeed profit maximize in allocating the vaccine. Now maybe they've already profit maximized because they've charged so much to governments that that is their profit maximizing strategy. I don't know. I haven't run the economics of it. I haven't run the math on it. But imagine a world, imagine a world, a free market world or a semi-free market world in which the drug companies got to decide how to allocate the vaccine, who to sell it to. Now it could be that some buyers, maybe it's CVS, maybe it's Walgreen, maybe it's insurance companies, maybe it's hospitals, pre-order some amount of vaccine at a market-driven price.  Maybe they set an initial very, very high price when there's limited supply and then start increasing the price, decreasing the price over time as more and more, you know, basically supply and demand matching up as more and more vaccines come online, decreasing the price and therefore making it available to more and more people. Yes, Ian says, Tyler Khan has actually made the point that government pre-bought things will actually slow down manufacturing at least. That's right, because you're not letting the price mechanism, you're not letting price signals, you're not letting market signals of supply and demand dictate that location. So, but you can imagine it would slow it down, but you can imagine that if governments overpaid dramatically for the vaccines, much more than let's say the market would have, that the drug companies could theoretically make a lot more money from pre-selling it to governments. Again, I don't know if they have, but they could, whereas on a market, they'd have to sell at a market price. Of course, if they were first to market, they would have kind of be able to price it very, very high and if they auctioned it, they would price it to price it very, very high for some people and our fathers. So, how exactly a drug company would allocate the vaccine? I think would be interesting, but you'd have to take away all the laws that restrict things like charging different people, different prices. You'd have to take all the laws about what do you call it in times of shortages when prices go up. You'd have to take all the laws away, the prohibit, that kind of behavior. You would actually have to have let the market price these, make the market actually free and nobody's suggesting this, even Tyler Cowan in his piece about allocation of drugs, vaccines. It takes for granted that the government is going to do it and then the argument is how should the government do it? What's the most optimal way to allocate the vaccine given that it's the government doing? And you could do that, but it would be nice if more of us stood up as John Cochran has and made the argument that the government shouldn't be involved at all.  Well, of course not, but it's worse than that. It's not the government's job to decide who should get it first. I'll give you a quick example. Right now, the first vaccine has been given in the UK to a 90 year old woman, to a 90 year old woman. A 90 year old woman is probably doing fine isolating herself, protecting herself by not interacting with other people. A 90 year old woman is probably not a super spreader. She's probably not going out and partying all night. She's probably not going to bars and restaurants and music concerts and sporting events, and therefore spreading it widely. She's probably sitting at home or in her nursing home and having limited contact with limited number of people who could all be tested and therefore she would be fine. How does it make sense to give it to a 90 year old when there's a shortage and when people are actually dying of COVID? How does it make sense to give it to a 90 year old who's probably going to die in the next, let's say, five years, probably very high, 10 years, probably almost 100 percent? What kind of thinking other than altruism drives a policy that gives it to the most vulnerable rather than giving it to the ones who would benefit the most from the vaccine? Now, how do you know who will benefit the most from the vaccine? Well, one way to do that is to have people bid on the vaccine. If it's in limited supply, the people who pay the most for the vaccine are the ones most likely to benefit the most from getting it. And who would those be for the most part? I mean, there would be people who in order to create wealth, in order to work, in order to go out there and engage in economic activity, need a vaccination so they can go out and work and, again, travel and do the things necessary. It could be, you know, it could be that airlines have this massive incentive to buy huge quantities of vaccine and provide it, let's say, even free of charge to the frequent flyers. Like, I'm like, I mean, American Airlines didn't make a fraction of what they made in 2019 on me in 2020. But imagine if American Airlines said, we need to get a vaccine to Iran so he can start flying again, because if he starts flying again, we make money. Hospitals. I mean, instead of the government decided that first responders need it, I don't know what the mortality rate is among first responders. I don't know how many first responders land up in hospital. But if so, then hospitals would be bidding for vaccines, bidding high for the vaccines. And of course, here you'd have to assume that they were being paid, you know, and so they were on a for-profit basis. But they, because of the damage that the virus might be doing to their staff, to their doctors, who then can't work, who can't do procedures, and as a consequence, who can't do procedures, the hospital can't make money. They would want to buy vaccines. And who would they vaccinate first? Like Stanford. John Cochran has a story about Stanford. So Stanford is getting some vaccines. Stanford is a hospital, you know, and Stanford has decided it's going to allocate the vaccines first to, you know, to the, to its hospital, right? So let me just see, okay, so Stanford's decided it's going to be to its healthcare, right? Okay, so they said, so let's assume that if Stanford as a university had bid for this vaccine, they still would have probably allocated it first to healthcare. That's its highest and best use, let's assume. But now, within the healthcare system, who should get it? Who should get it first? Should it be the doctors? Because there's limits of supply, even there. Should it be the doctors? Or should it be the custodial workers? They're all exposed to the vaccine. So you've got a whole group of superstar, I'm sure, medical ethicists at Stanford University, one of the best places in the world, best universities in the world, thinking and struggling and trying to figure out who should get the vaccine first, doctors. Or custodial workers. And they couldn't come up with an answer. They can't, there's no algorithm, right? Because it's, it's, they're driven by altruism. And they've got a utilitarian, but a utilitarian system muted by egalitarianism. So if you just looked at it from a benefit analysis, you probably want to get the doctors first, because if the doctor gets sick, Stanford loses more money. If the doctor gets sick, he can't treat patients. And you probably want to get the COVID doctors first, and then, you know, as for their weight, but you want to get the doctors and nurses. I mean, based on how rare, how difficult it is to find that talent, that's who you want to vaccinate first. But, but that's unfair. Fair based on an egalitarian standard. So fair means, but, but what about the custodial workers? Well, custodial workers are replaceable. Custodial workers, if they get sick, do less damage to the institute than if a doctor gets sick. But those considerations will be selfish on the part of the hospital. So you can't have those kinds of considerations. A consideration has to be egalitarianism, what they call fairness, which means equality. And therefore what I need is, we need is to treat everybody the same, but we can't. That doesn't make any sense either. So guess how Stanford is allocating the vaccine? Anybody have any idea how Stanford is allocating their vaccine? Stanford University. Randomly. They're doing it randomly. They're putting all the names into a random generating machine and whoever's name comes out first, will get it first and then they'll go down a list and it's random. God forbid, God forbid, morality forbid, altruism forbid, egalitarianism forbid, that they make a decision based on their own self-interest, based on what would benefit their own institution. They can't just make it the poor or the custodials because that just, that is insane. Even they get that, that is insane, right? Some of the doctors need to get it at least. So it's completely random, completely random. Now again, in a free market, Stanford could decide whatever it wanted to do in terms of how it wanted to allocate the vaccine that it bought. But in a rational world, Stanford would give the vaccine to the people most valuable to Stanford. It's, I mean, this vaccine issue and the whole COVID issue from beginning have been amazing ethical laboratories, amazing to see how people have twisted and turned to ignore the self-evident. For example, God forbid we isolate the old and let the young live. That would be discriminatory. That would be non egalitarian. So we sacrifice the young for the old, which we do all the time anyway.  We sacrifice the young to the old and lock down the young.   Well, it's the young because they have a future. The old hopefully have saved money. They've already sat. But it's the young, you've destroyed the economy for them.  And for what? Virus is not dangerous for the young. Virus is not that big of a risk for the young. But that's what altruism. That's what egalitarianism. That's what quote fairness means. That's what it demands. That's what it necessitates. Let's be fair. Let's treat everybody the same. Even if it means sacrificing some to others. Well, particularly if it means sacrificing some to others sacrifices, noble sacrifices, good sacrifice is indeed virtuous, virtuous. So in the free market, drug companies would be profit maximizers. They would have contracts and they would try to sell the drug to the highest bidder. And the highest bidder would be those who thought they could generate the most benefit from the drug. What we need today, what I called a new intellectual would be any man or woman who is willing to think. Meaning any man or woman who knows that man's life must be guided by reason, by the intellect, not by feelings, wishes, wins or mystic revelations. Any man or woman who values his life and who does not want to give in to today's cult of despair, cynicism and impotence and does not intend to give up the world to the dark ages and to the role of the collectivist roads. All right. Before we go on, reminder, please like the show. We've got 163 live listeners right now. 30 likes. That should be at least 100. I figure at least 100 of you actually like the show.  But at least the people who are liking it, you know, I want to see, I want to see a thumbs up. There you go. Start liking it. I want to see that go to 100. All it takes is a click of a click of a thing, whether you're looking at this. And you know, the likes matter. It's not an issue of my ego. It's an issue of the algorithm. The more you like something, the more the algorithm likes it. So, you know, and if you don't like the show, give it a thumbs down. Let's see your actual views being reflected in the likes. But if you like it, don't just sit there. Help get the show promoted. Of course, you should also share and you can support the show at your own book show.com slash support on Patreon or subscribe star or locals and show you support for the work, for the value, hopefully you're receiving from this.  You'll know what shows are on, when they're on. You'll get notified. Right. So, yes, like, share, subscribe, support, like, share, subscribe, support. There you go. Easy. Do one, all of those, please.


The Voice of America presents the Halls of Ivy, starring Mr. and Mrs. Ronald Coleman. This is Ronald Coleman. And Benita Coleman. Inviting you to join us again on the campus of Ivy College. USA. Somebody once observed that a letter is an unannounced visitor, and a postman is thus the agent of implied surprises. Now it looks as though Dr. William Toddler Hall is going to have a lot of epistolary company this morning. Well, his wife Victoria brings an armful of letters into his study and says... Darling, I know how busy you are this morning, so I've already sorted the mail. I took out all the ones addressed to Mr. and Mrs. and here's your batch. A batch? Vicki, my sweet, I would hardly describe two as a batch. A batch is a quantity or number of anything coming at one time and treated as a set. A set? Oh, I feel like a batch of tennis, or I just had my hair batched. Or a batching head. Well, for your information, which you may find useful on rainy afternoons, the origin of the word batch is the Anglo-Saxon bacon to bake. Oh, I always thought bacon was what you brought home from a horse race if you were lucky. No, dear, that is B-A-C-O-N. Oh. Which brings up another interesting word association, the use of various edibles for the word money. Oh, there's cabbage, lettuce, dough, beans, sugar, berries, great. Then you can have fish, lend me ten fish until payday. Mm-hmm. Or just part of a fish, lend me a fin. Or just a buck, which is a male deer, which is meat, which takes care of the whole subject, to which I was getting a little weary anyway. It's hardly worth the time we spent on it. But getting back, is there anything interesting in your batch of letters? Nothing except there probably won't be a bachelor left in this college that they are after graduation. These are all invitations to weddings. Ah, yes. June plus graduation equals marriage. A mathematical equation which sometimes makes me feel that despite my concern with administrative and academic problems, I am, in the final analysis, simply a marriage broker. Business is flourishing and everyone is going to live happily ever after. Well, some people have scornfully referred to colleges as Matrimonial Bureau. But don't stop, darling. You'll ease, I'll get it. Well, to be sure, it is not the purpose of an educational institution to provide mates and help mates, for its inmates. But, um, but since marriage, as I can fervently testify, is the desideratum, the summum bonum, then I can... Well, hello, broken. Hey, are you folks busy? I'm no busier than usual at this time of year. Yeah, this time of year. I'd like to rewrite the calendar and leave it out June entirely. Why, what's the matter with the joyous month of June? Who enjoys it? Maybe you and your bride, not me. Well, is this a general mood of depression, Grogan, or something particular? I'm up to my neck in particulars. Well, come on. Don't just stand there. Give us a particular. House mothers. What? Oh, all of a sudden they love me. They can't live without me. How can you hold a dance without Grogan? An all under same night in 17 different places. That's a tribute to your ability as an officer of the law and your graceful presence as a gentleman, Grogan. It's wrong in my dejection. That's what it is. 17 different kinds of cake in one night. But I didn't come over here to talk about myself, Doc. I got another beef. You have a beef? I just used a word in what you might call a slang way. Colloquial. Idiomatic. That's right. Idiomatic.  Look, Doc, you know I got nothing against education. On the contrary, Grogan, you have viewed our educational activities with considerable tolerance. Yeah, you've been very nice to the students, even in their more irrational moments, too, when they're being what we might call non-campus mentis. Well, I'm glad to do it whatever it is. Anyway, if I may be permitted to say so, and ho's gonna stop me, some of your teachers need an education into facts of life. Oh, we all do, Grogan. Teachers are human beings doing their best to teach other beings the human values. As H. G. Wells said in his Undying Fire, teaching is the greatest of all tasks. It is to ensure that man, man the divine grows in the souls of men. An untaught man is but himself alone. There's lonely in his ends and destiny as any beast. A man instructed is a man enlarged from that narrow prison of self into participation in an undying life. That began, we know not when, that grows above and beyond the greatest of the stars. Well, that's what H. G. Wells said about teachers. Well, I ain't no H. G. Wells, and I don't make no broad stateless. I don't say all teachers is inhuman. I just got one of them in mind. Hem and his corny jokes. Jokes, did I say, may haven't strike this latter from me lips. Well, would you care to be more specific in your... He doesn't have to be more specific for me, William. I'm sure he means Professor Heeslip. No, not other than the same. Well, now, Professor Heeslip has certain mannerisms we all do, but, Grogan, I must assure you that the head of our English department is thoroughly competent. Competent in the head, maybe, but no compassion into heart.  For what girl? Well, maybe you don't know, but it's Caroline Swanson. Lives off the campus in a boarding house. Now, folks, you know I ain't sentimental. Of course, not. Heart of stone, Grogan. We're completely unemotional, except with dogs, children, and the first eight bars of Mother McCree. Well, anyway, that poor kid. Husband is overseas in the army, awakened far time into studying and the worryin', just trying to keep her head above water. And this Professor Trouser and Ann Vell. Now, I'm sure that whatever Professor Heeslip has done has been only in the performance of his duty. It's a story to sanity examination papers. Well, what's the matter with her, Grogan? Is she ill? Not exactly, but the doctor told her she had to stay in bed and Heeslip said it was too bad, but he couldn't make no exception. And she would have to come to class to take the exam or else. Well, if she's under a doctor's care, that is certainly an extenuating circumstance. However, it is not unusual at this particular time of the year for students to develop strange symptoms. Blue book allergy. Compound fracture of a thesis. Inflammation of the curriculum. Oh, she ain't really sick. She's gonna have a baby. Oh, a baby! Oh, and with her husband overseas and she's here all alone. Oh, well, a baby. Is it very... I mean, is this child... Well, how imminent is the... It ain't imminent at all. It's gonna be almost any minute. Professor Heeslip is being unsympathetic. Hmm. I imagine Professor Heeslip must have been so involved in trends of 18th century prose that he was unable to recognize an act of God when he heard about it. But thank you for bringing this to my attention, Grogan. Well, that's why I come here. It ain't exactly in my department, but I figured that you'd know what to do about it. So now, it's your baby. So now, folks. I would notice about our Mr. Grogan is that he isn't sentimental. No, no, he isn't. He cries at God tricks. If you ever watch him after graduation, when the students start making their round of farewells, he suddenly develops a terrible head cold. I know. It kind of makes your eyes water. But darling, now we've got to get in touch with Caroline Swanson right away. Yes, she must be Donald Swanson's wife. He was graduated last year, and I did hear that he'd gone into the army appropriately enough into the infantry. She is now. She's a very pretty girl. Works part-time in a campus knit shop. Very foresighted, Arba. I hope she gets a discount. I suppose it would be pointless to try to explain this kind of human problem to Professor Heesley. Oh, yes. He probably thinks a bassinet is some kind of medieval musical instrument. And a crib, something his students are doing behind his back. Well, I shall take the matter into my own hands. Oh, good for you.  No, I shall not go over his head, Vicki. I shall meet him head on. I shall call upon him, collect the questions, and supervise the conduct of the examination in person. Oh, darling, I love you when you get that determined look on your face.  All the beautiful sentiments in the world weigh less than a single lovely action. Good night, Mrs. Maryweather. But Dr. Holt's been out all afternoon, so I'll have to call you later after I've spoken to music. Yes, goodbye. Oh, were you trying to get me, darling? I was just talking to Mrs. Maryweather. They've invited us for dinner on Saturday night. No, Vicki. But I told her I'd have to ask if we had anything on. No, Vicki, I haven't. Vicki! Well, what's the matter, darling? Caroline Swanson. Oh, of course the examination. How's it going? No, no, she's going. Vicki, she's going to have the baby. Yes, I know that. Oh, what now? Yes, Vicki, right now, I'm taking her to the general hospital. If anyone calls, refer them to the maternity ward. Well, they'll probably think the ambulance picked up the wrong member of the family, but I'll tell them. No, no, no. Just explain that I am acting in local parentis as a lack of term, meaning that with the father absence, someone else has to go crazy. The Voice of America is bringing you this presentation of the Halls of Ivy, starring Mr. and Mrs. Ronald Coleman. Halls of Ivy. It's later that evening and we find Mrs. Hall just entering the Ivy General Hospital in search of Dr. Hall. Dr. Tendall, you're wanted in surgery. Dr. Tendall, report to surgery. Excuse me, nurse, but could you tell me where I might find Mrs. Donald Swanson? Mrs. Swanson? Just a moment, please. Oh, yes, yes, that's a maternity case, third floor. But you can't see her now. I think Mr. Swanson's in their father's waiting room now. Mr. Swanson, but that's impossible. He's in career. Oh, yeah, that, Mrs. Swanson. Yes. Thank you, nurse. Could you tell me where is the waiting room for maternity cases? Right down the hall until you're left. Who are you waiting for? Mrs. Donald Swanson. Oh, yes. Well, it'll be sometime.  Yes. But that is... Well, I think I saw Mr. Swanson in the waiting room a few moments ago. Yes, yes, of course. Thank you very much, nurse. Mr. Swanson, I presume... Darling, I'm so glad you... Mr. Swanson! In the confusion, nobody's been told that the father is overseas, so the nurses think that you're Mr. Swanson. Good heavens, they do. I'm supposed to be a relative too. They're very strict about visitors. Well, I'm relieved that you're here, my sweet. This is quite a nervous business. After a life neatly regulated by the clock and classroom bells and undeviating schedules, this... this uncertainty is...  What did the nurses say? Have you asked them? No, dear. I haven't. For some unaccountable reason, I'm afraid to ask them the simplest questions. I shouldn't say unaccountable either.  Oh, yes. I know. You say, um, what day is it, nurse? And they say, now, now, we are not going anywhere, dear. Mining is their use of the editorial we that intimidates me. Shall we have our bath now? Epsom skimmed milk. Good sleep because we are having our basal metabolism in the morning. The impression of speaking for a powerful and sinister organization. And a terrifying abbreviation. Have you ever heard them talking amongst themselves? One nurse will say to another, did 323 have a DKJ? Yes, but it was NSG. So they're doing a PDQ first thing in the AM. As if his COD can bear up under the air for them.  Well, starch or no starch, they're mighty handy to have around. Let me go ask them how Caroline's doing. Oh, I've already asked them that. And I've already had the answer, an exasperating ambiguity. She's doing fine, just fine. But Vicki, hasn't she been doing fine for an awfully long time now? I mean, I've been here since six o'clock. Now, Toddie, relax. As if you hadn't got enough on your mind all the preparations for graduation and here you are standing in for an absentee father when you should be home writing a speech about education for the future. Well, in a way, I'm doing what you might call fieldwork on that subject. Well, I've already held up five expectant fathers and just between ourselves, Vicki, it's not as easy as passing out diplomas. As a matter of fact, one of them passed out in my arms. One of the diplomas? No, I guess I'm not making much sense. But Vicki, do you realize that we might sit here for months? Perhaps years behind an antiseptic iron curtain, forever speculating on what really goes on in the minds of these angels of mercy. Oh, now darling, there's a good reason for the way nurses act. The less they tell you, the less there is for you to worry about. Yes, I suppose so. You know, Vicki, this has given me an idea for the curriculum of our medical school using this text of a book called The Stock, Symbol of Fatherhood. What a clumsy bird this talk with no sense of timing. Long legs to facilitate floor-pacing. Red eyes denoting sleepless nights. A long neck for stretching around hospital corridors. And a big bill for services rendered. The book would also into... Ah, Grogan, come in. Glad to see you. Come and join the reception, I. Well, you'd think somebody would have told me. How's it going? Grogan is my own unrequited question. I've been reduced to mutic expectancy and silent patience. I know, I know. Listen, doc, I was one of 14 kids. The fifth, I think. No, no, the fourth. So I helped my pop wait up for ten of them. And when he was waiting for me, Brother Aloysius propping me slipped out to the ball park, seen a double-header and cut back with half an hour to spare. That's why Aloysius was always my favorite brother. He was so considerate to be get born at the daytime. This is an emergency. Well, I wonder if she has Caroline's, Dr. Williams. Shulman? No, I don't think so. She called her Dr. Carter, I believe. Hold on, Carter. I just want to lend him when the drug store at the corner having a sandwich. Or else, all you've got plenty of time to kill. Hey, how's it about me scaring up a deck of cars? Maybe we could play a little auction-pee-knuckle. How great. I'm not familiar with the game, Grogan. I learned it from the stage hands myself. Even now I can't play it unless I'm sitting in a draft with the orchestra tuning up. Well, how's it about some penny-any poker? No, no. Poker's a little out of my line, too. I play it so badly that even with Ace is wired and sitting under the gun with the case Ace in the discard... That's enough, Doc. That's enough.  No, sir. I'm no pigeon. Very smart of you, Grogan. Dr. Hall plays poker like a riverboat gambler. You wouldn't be a pigeon to take him on. Pigeon. You know, I've always been interested in how that stout-bodied, self-assured bird well-able to take care of itself was chosen as the symbol for one who is victimized. Now, you take the powder pigeon, a variety which I've owned. The most common of all birds is also one of the most popular. And then, of course, Grogan, there is the celebrated Nightingale. You remember Keatsie's Ode? Thy plaintive anthem fades past the near meadows. Over the still stream, up the hillside. An out is buried deep in the next valley glades. Was it a vision or a waking dream? Fled is that music. I beg your pardon. Do I wake or sleep? You'll really have to be more quiet. This is the hospital you know. And there are patients sleeping. Oh, of course. I'm sorry, nurse. I didn't realize. Yes. Well, just so you keep your voices down, please. Yes. She has probably had a very unhappy love life. No attention to that hatchet push. She was right, Grogan. Was I really shouting, Vicky? Oh, no, Toddy. You were just a little carried away by Keats. But it was lovely. Yes, you're pretty, Doc. I'm a city kid myself. I don't know nothing about boys. Except I used to get them all the time. Only boys' nessa I ever seen was in my sister's hats. But how in the world did I get started on the subject of bird life? Well, it was a triple play, darling. P-knuckle to poker to pigeon. Ah, yes. Under the circumstances, I think we'd better try patience. Yet can I not have such tame patience boasters to be hushed? And not at all to say? Excuse me. Oh, I'm sorry, nurse. Was I talking too loudly again? Oh, no, not at all. As a matter of fact, you can shout if you want now. Congratulations. It's a boy, Mr. Swanson. An eight-pound boy. It's for graduation. It seems that my experience of last night has led me to invest more vitality and hope into the subject of facing the future. But, uh, Vicky, you went to the hospital this morning. Were you able to see Caroline? Yes, darling. And she's fine. And, uh, baby, it's such a little, dolly, it's blue-eyed and bold as a knee.  Todd Hunter? Oh, no, well, that wasn't necessary at all. No, I don't think she should have done that. After all, I did she, really.  Excuse me, darling. Hey, Dr. Hall speaking. Oh, hello, Professor Heasley. How did it go? Splendid. Seven pounds, 14 ounces. A boy. Oh, oh, you mean the examination. Well... Well, well, I have postponed it. The exact date will depend upon the availability of a babysitter. Incidentally, Professor, how's your schedule? Yes, yes, well, I'll be in touch with you, Professor. Goodbye. What did he say? He said, with characteristic originality, that circumstances alter cases. And considering the merits of this case, the quality of mercy is not strained. And he finished up with the eloquent observation that now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of the party. Professor Heasley said that. Oh, Toddy. He's slipping. He slip... He slip... Oh, pretty. After all I've been through. Well, be brave, darling. Anyway, Toddy, you were a dear to stand by when Caroline was having her baby. This is not the regular duty of a college president, you know. I know, my darling, but time was of the essence. Besides the idea of this young mother alone here at Ivy with no one else at hand. Oh, of course, she was prepared to go it alone without asking for help. But after all, when one's sympathy is enlisted and not drafted, the enlistment must be served. Next week at this same time at the halls of Ivy starring Mr. and Mrs. Ronald Coleman. Grogan is played by James Gleason and the nurses were Janet Warren and Jean Tatum. Tonight's script was written by Barbara and Milton Berlin and Don Quinn. This production of The Halls of Ivy was broadcast with an actual audience present in the studio.


Welcome to dealing with materials data. In this course we are going to look at collection, analysis and interpretation of materials data. We are in the first module, this is an module to introduction to R and we are looking at a specific data set and we have been working with the data set, manipulating it and plotting it and so on. So in this session we are going to learn about storing data as a data frame. So we have already looked at storing data as a table and as a data table. So this is for storing the data as a data frame and in this session we are going to again consider the same data. So it is a data on some elements, it consists of their crystal structure density and melting point and we have about 15 elements and 5 FCC, 5 BCC and 5 HCC and this is the data set that we have been working for the past few sessions and this is what we are going to use. And in this session, so we are going to store data as a data frame. As you will see the advantage with storing data as a data frame is that you can input it very easily, each column is input as a vector and you can of course name or label the columns and so like I mentioned earlier data frame versus data table. So it might be advantageous for large data to store data as a table but we are not going to use too many large data in this course. So we will mostly use data frame but you already know how to deal with data tables and work with them in any case. So what is it that we are going to do in this session? So we are going to plot the complete data as a table of plots and then we are going to plot specific columns against specific columns. So these are individual plots and we want to name the points of the scatter plot using a given column and we want to color the points differently. What we want to do is the following. We want to plot density versus melting point. We want to color the plot points using crystal structure. So FCC, BCC, HCP should get different colored points and next to the element their name should be written and all this data is already available in the data frame that we have. So we must be able to take it and do this. So this is going to be the exercise. And we are also going to learn about other libraries that are available for plotting. So specifically we are going to learn about GG plot 2 for plotting. So that is going to be the aim of this session. So to learn how to take the data frame and do all this and learn about GG plot 2. So let us do that. For doing that I am going to invoke R and so let us first look at how to give the data. So this is similar to what we have been doing. So let me take this command and put it here. So what does it do? So it says the elements is a data frame and it has several columns. So this is one column for example element is the first column. So that has aluminum, nickel, gold, silver, copper, iron, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium etc. up to titanium and the next column is their crystal structure. So first 5 are FCC, next 5 are BCC, next 5 are HCP and so on and next is the density. So that is the third column and melting point is the fourth column. So we have put the. So now as you can see in unlike the other case storing data frame is just this one command. We do not have to say data as matrix and then store as table or type convert none of that is required. So this is the data frame and of course you can already see that elements is 15 observations of 4 variables the information is there. You can also use the structure of this, so you can see it is a data frame it has 15 observations and 4 variables and the first column is element and it has 15 levels aluminum, aluminum etc. And the next one is crystal structure. So it has 3 levels BCC, FCC, HCP etc. And then the density so it has all these densities and melting point. So that is what this is and you can directly say plot elements. When you do you can see that there are 4 variables, all the 4 variables and against each of these 4 variables. For example element against crystal structure, element against density, element against melting point and crystal structure. So crystal structure against element against density against melting point and density against element crystal structure and melting point. But interest for us is basically this density versus melting point. So we are going to plot this plot you can do that you can get the individual columns picked up and plotted so but this gives you so if you have a data frame you can generate a table of plots which plots each of these variables against each of the other variables. So if you have 4 levels there are 16 plots here. So it is a nice way of getting a complete picture of the data in one go. Once you have it of course we want to go do more individual plotting. So let us say I want to plot the density versus melting point. So now you have elements 3 and 4. So like I said we want to name this and we want to label them. So how do we do that and that is what is shown here. So the way to do is to say that labels so these points should be labeled and they should be labeled according to the name given in the column 1 of the data. In the data frame the first column actually has the names aluminum, magnesium, etc. So we want that to be put next to these points I get an error message sorry I have to plot and then I have to say this is the text that it has to write next to so the text is to be written at these points. So it chooses the points and then it labels them. So now you can see that zinc, cadmium, silver, copper, nickel, iron etc it has written but there is a problem because the data point is there and it is writing on top of it. So you can shift the data points a little bit and that is what is done in the next one. So we can say adjacent and you can give a vector which gives the position and so let us do that. Let us take these two lines and give them. So that is the command I am going to execute next. So you can see the plot is the same 3 versus 4 and the text is at 3, 4 we are going to label and label according to element 1 but the position of the label and the size of the label is what is given here. So as you can see now it has shifted so you can now read magnesium, aluminum, beryllium, titanium etc and you can also see where the data points are. So this changes the size of the elements a little bit and so you can also do other changes for example instead of this. So now let us go to the next step. In this step what we are doing is slightly different. So we have the data points and names it is also possible for you to remove the data points and just write the names. So that is done if you say that you do not want to put any points here but just want to write names. So that is also possible and so you see just the names are written that the points are not given. So it is possible to do either way. So now let us go to the next problem that we wanted to solve namely that we wanted to put them in different colors and here is where that is done so let us go and see. So this is plotting element 3 versus element 4 and like we did earlier we are going to color and the color is according to what is there in column 2. If it is BCC, HCP, FCC etc they will get different colors and then of course you can write a text and the text is the element name and that is going to be put and the text is also to be colored according to the same the FCC, BCC, HCP etc. So if you do not give this color then you will get them all written black like this but if you give this color that will also be colored according to the crystal structure. So the plot looks nice. So we will do both so let us do this first and so you can see now the all FCC are in red the points as well as the names and all HCP is in green and all BCC is in black. If you do not do the second coloring, if you do not do this let us say do not do this and then if you enter then the colors the names are not written in the corresponding color. So to make it color it looks nice so we are going to say that the color should again be according to the factor elements and so in the text also you can get the color so you get this. So now the next step is to do this and we want to use the ggplot to do the same thing. So I want to take a small digression here to tell about the plotting library called ggplot and then we will use ggplot to do the same thing namely to generate density versus melting point, color the points differently and write the names of the elements and so on and so forth. So that is what we are going to do next after we take a small digression into ggplot too. Thank you.


You were a trendsetter, the first woman, a foreign minister, a finance minister. What message do you have for the women leaders and future leaders, if you will, when they're dealing with either a glass ceiling or challenging environments where they like to be able to push through it? I think that the glass ceiling is real and, you know, I've encountered it multiple times. But the only, the answer I have to wait is, excelling in what you do and not giving up in trying to get where you're going, excelling in what you do, making your voice heard, but not giving up. It's very easy to get discouraged when you get to a point and it seems like you can't make it. But sometimes if you look properly, an opportunity may present itself, and that may enable you to break through. What do I mean? I saw one time in my own career, multiple times, there were assignments that nobody else wanted to do because they were risky, they were unpleasant, certainly the men did not want to do it. And I, in one case, was thrown into the assignment. I didn't really volunteer for it. I was thrown into it as a younger person. But I managed to carry out that assignment. This was at the World Bank successfully. And it really gave me the kind of exposure I would never have had. You know, the vice president of the unit in which I got to know who I am because when I was leading this assignment, the president in the country in which we had the problem kept sending messages to the vice president, ministers to come and visit him. And each time they came with a complaint, I was the one holed up to explain why this project was not working. And in the end, we managed to clean it up and make it work. And that just kind of gave a breakthrough. And that sort of gave me the visibility. And from then on, I went on. So not every assignment I was given was a pleasant one. Not every assignment I sought to take was a pleasant one. But it gave me the afford—I felt I couldn't do it. So don't take it on if you can't make it. But if you can, it can give you that breakthrough. So that's my advice. Be a bit of a risk taker. I've taken a lot of risks in my career. And the last one almost resulted in something quite adverse. But the way to break through is to be a little bit of a risk taker, and this applies to both men and women. Great. Thank you so much. Thank you.


Thank you Chair Powell, Governor Bailey, thank you President Lagarde for certainly diverse rich debate, which we all enjoyed very much. Let us now turn to another special moment of today's program. So that's where I go. Hello. My name is Christy Giants. I'm 28 years old and I'm from the Netherlands. Ciao. My name is Antonio Marci. I am 29 years old and I am from Italy. Ni hao. My name is Indio C. I'm 32 years old and I'm from China. My work studies monetary policy in economies with domestic and international production chains. I'm interested in the interaction between monetary policy and financial stability. My research is on the role of information choice in macroeconomics and finance. I'm interested in finance and development. I do research in banking and copy finance. My work is about the policies of the European Central Bank which directly affect the risk premium on the sovereign debt of peripheral countries. I study how long-term investors change their bond holdings, after shift in regulation, and how these changes subsequently affected interest rates. I found that savers choose to get more information about which bank or product they should use for their saving in recessions. My work explores how golden preferences determine financial regulation, focusing in particular on the role of political connections in this process. In Cintra we would have welcomed young economists on stage. Here we welcome this to our virtual video wall, as it were, for this year's award ceremony. We're joined by Angelo D'Andrea, Christy Jansen, Alistair Macaulay, Antonio Marci, Roxana Mihet, In G.C., Magdalena, Rola Janicka, Elisa Rubo, and Xuan Huang. Let me now invite to the podium once again President Lagarde, who will announce the winner and then conclude this year's forum. Thank you very much, Thierry. As you mentioned, young people play a critical role and an integral role in shaping the future of Europe and the world. And as you've had a small taste of it in the video that was just played, the ECB's Young Economist Competition now in its seventh year gives us the invaluable opportunity to hear their fresh perspectives on the challenges we face. And they are PhD students from across the globe, as you may have noted from their names. Now, those entering this year's competition were invited to submit papers addressing the theme of the forum, that is central banks in a shifting world. Submissions were rated both from their academic quality and their policy relevance. We received a total of 103 entries and nine finalists whose name you just heard, who are on screen now, were chosen. Congratulations to all of you who were chosen. Nine, that is, four men and five women from six different countries whose research focused on topics including currency union, financial regulations and digitalizations to name a few. And if you in the audience have not yet had a chance, I would strongly encourage you to have a look at the work of all of our finalists on the ECB's website. And I'd like to thank all the forum participants who took the time to vote on the entries. Your votes were taken into account by the members of this year's selection committee, the jury, Chairperson Philip Hartman, Ines Cabral and Glenn Sheppens from the ECB, John Mulbauer, Professor of Economics at Newfield College in Oxford and Ricardo Reyes, Professor of Economics at the London School of Economics. And now, having given my congratulations to all of you, the nine of you, I'm delighted to announce the winner of this year's Young Economist Competition, who will take home the price of 10,000 euros. And the winner is Roxana Mihet, who recently obtained her PhD at New York University and is now an Assistant Professor at the University of Lausanne for her paper, Who Benefits from Financial Innovation. Congratulations, I see a massive smile on your face and I'm delighted for you. Well done. So I'm sure you will all congratulate our winner on this impressive achievement and I hope you can join me now on the live stream to give us a short insight into the topic of your paper and the relevance of your research in today's world. So floor is yours. So I would like to start by thanking the President of the ECB, Christine Lagarde and all of the members of the selection committee for granting me this award. I'm truly humbled to have been selected among such a strong group of brilliant young economists. I've been extremely impressed by their research papers exploring some of the main challenges currently facing our economy. So my own paper is on a subject that has received a lot of attention in the past few years. How new financial technology is transforming our society by changing the way people think about their finances. So in this paper, I find that the explosion of new financial information technologies for retail investors does not guarantee broad increases in household wealth. Instead, the sophisticated investors who already have high levels of wealth are most likely to benefit from many of the new technologies. So my research has implications regarding wealth redistribution in today's new world. It also offers suggestions for guided access to disruptive technologies and capital access and for the ways in which financial technology should be regulated. I find that to accelerate positive structural change, policymakers need to lay the foundations for fair competition through the democratization of both data and financial technology. So thank you very much again to the selection committee and the president for the opportunity to participate in this competition. And thank you for the prize. I truly feel very honored for being surrounded by so much talent. Thank you. Well, thank you very much Roxana. Those are very, very good words and a good description of the work that you have done. I just want to make sure that you see the award that will be shipped instantly to you so that you can receive it, as will be the 10,000 euros. And you'll have to tell us whether you prefer digital transmission or any other ways of transmitting, but you will get it. I can promise you. So before I formally conclude the edition of the forum, let me take this moment to thank all of you for your valued contributions, which have made this year's event such a success. It was different, but it was really fascinating. And I for myself have learned a lot by listening to all your presentations and reading your papers. I would also like to thank each of the speakers, the discussants, and the panelists for presenting your research and your perspectives over the last two days. And even though this year's was a virtual one, we have had the opportunity to hear stimulating views and to benefit from the open and very lively discussions that have always characterized the ECB forum on central banking. Let me also thank both myself, but on behalf of all of you, the organizing team at the ECB for the really hard work and for adapting so quickly and being so agile in making this event happen in difficult and changing circumstances. It almost worked to perfection. And frankly, if you would see the backstage, it's a lot of work and it's a lot of long days and short nights for many of them. So I now have the pleasure of announcing the next year's event. It is scheduled to take place from the 28th to the 30th of June, 2021. So mark down in your calendar right away, 28th to 30th of June, 2021. With a bit of luck, we will see each other in Cintra. And I want again to thank you all very much for this year's event and wish you a pleasant evening and please be well. Congratulations, Roxana.


I'm not saying anything new if I tell you that sooner or later we're going to run out of fossil fuels. Running out of renewable energy will certainly change our daily lives as well as future generations. We have a renewable energy at glance to all of us, which is the sun. The sun raises every morning and if we don't take this energy efficiently, it laughs forever. So here we have a chance to gain renewable energy sources for our sustainable electricity consumption. If we look now at the energy of the sun that raises on all the earth's surface, we find out that most of the areas get more than 7 kilowatt-hour per unit square meter. This is about the third of a person in the Western world uses energy every day. So if we get solar cell devices that are very efficient, we will be able to be completely independent from other sources. Today, most efficient solar cells are called multi-junction solar cells because they use every color of the sun in a very efficient way to convert it into electricity. However, these devices use up very scarce elements such as gallium and indium. The question here now is do we have enough gallium and indium on the earth crust so that this technology can be available to all of us? Looking at all the resources that we have, is it realistic to use these high efficient solar cells for all of us and for everywhere in the planet? So we have to look at the availability of the elements on the earth crust and the most abundant elements are oxygen and hydrogen, mostly in the form of water. This is why the earth is called the blue planet. So now we can take this as a base to compare how much indium we have in our earth crust. And it turns out that the volume is not very huge. So we compare it to the whole earth crust. In fact, indium we have like two times the Halley comet. You will convene with me that this is a very small volume. So we will have to rationalize the use of this precious metal for the very precious solar cells. So the question is how we can do this? And what we can do is just to rationalize the use by going from bulk semiconductor wafers to nanoscale materials. So the idea here is to reduce the amount that we use in each device so the overall use is reduced too. These nanostructures are filamentary crystals with a diameter that is about 50 times less than a normal human hair. You will convene that this sparse array of nanostructures, in fact, uses much less material than a bulk semiconductor wafer. The question here is how can this sparse array of nanostructures have the same functionality as a bulky material? And it turns out that these nanostructures, thanks to their special shape and size, have very special properties when it turns to the absorption of the solar light. In fact, they absorb light not only from the sun impinging directly on them but also from the area around them. And it's thanks to this property that when we build a device we can have these filaments sparse next to each other because also they will be able to absorb light also in the empty space around them because these filaments act as concentrating lens, concentrating light all around them. The result is that we will reduce the amount of material used by a factor of a thousand and also the efficiency will be increased. So overall what we can see is that we can save a large amount of materials and by this we can save in the amount of the cost that this solar cell technology is costing us today. I can further illustrate this reduction in cost with an example. So imagine now that one of these very expensive solar cells that we can have in the market is the cost of a high-end car. So now we can reach from the bulk semiconductor technology to nanostructures and the cost would be reduced directly to the price of a pair of diamond rings. But we must do more. In fact, we have to look for materials that contain elements that are much more abundant than the earth crust, for example, like phosphorensic. Using this device that initially was so expensive will turn into the price of the weekly expenditure of a family. So I hope you will come in with me that I see a very bright feature for the solar cell technology. Thanks to the utilization of nanostructures and thanks also to their special properties when it turns to the absorption of the solar light. Thanks for your attention.