The October What's Neat Starts Right Now! The What's Neat Show is sponsored by Lombard Hobbies, your value hobby shop for over 40 years of modelers helping modelers. Big inventory, value pricing, fast shipping and great service. Additional support is provided by Walthers Trains, everything you need to build a great model railroad. Check out their website at Walthers.com. And by American Limited Models, the relentless pursuit of accuracy. Check out their website at AmericanLimitedModels.com. And thank you for helping us support the best hobby in the world. This is What's Neat for October 2021. I'm your host Ken Patterson. And this month we go to the St. Louis RPM Meet in Collinsville, Illinois. What a magnificent show it was this year. Well over 2,000 models were on display and over 715 people attended this year's show. It was absolutely an extravaganza of great people, great models and a lot of amazing things to see. Also, I'd like to say I met Andrew from Lombard Hobbies out there at the show. I was so busy doing interviews I didn't actually know who I was meeting when he introduced himself. I actually thought he was somebody else that wanted me to shoot their layout when I was going up to Lombard Hobbies because I received a few emails with folks wanting me to do just that. But Andrew, it was an absolute honor to meet you. Your store is top notch and I can't wait to get up there. It's my new favorite place to order all of my athern products. Now this month, October 15th, Walther's is introducing a brand new line of kits for the hobby. And this is kind of neat because we've all been looking for ways to invite the youth into the hobby. Well, Walther's has created a new program designed to do just that. Introducing Walther's Build World Modeling Kits. This idea is simple. It's a six month subscription program with everything that you need to create a 12 by 24 inch diorama. You can pick the theme as Walther's is offering three for us to start, which is mainstream USA, American Farmstead and Northwood's Retreat. Every single month, a new model will show up at your door during the subscription promotion and including all the tools that you need to build the model so you don't need a shop. You can literally do this at your kitchen table. This is great for modelers that have downsized their layout and they're living in a smaller home or community environment where they can actually build their models at a desk. This is a great way to introduce new people to the hobby because it gives you all the skills necessary, creating water, creating rock forms, creating trees, scenery, grass. All of these different things including building structures is included with great instructions. So hats off to Walther's for coming up with a great concept to introduce new folks into the hobby and otherwise advanced modelers as well with this six month subscription program that's got everything that you need to build a great diorama. So with that, I would like you to also check out show number 164 on the What Sneak This Week podcast. That show we did a lot of interviews here in the studio with a lot of folks from the RPM meet. We shared a lot of the views of the RPM meet and a lot of the festivities here on the property that we had to enjoy with a lot of our great friends, the best people in this hobby, which is of course the best hobby in the world, model re-roading. So with that, let's continue on with the rest of this October 2021 What Sneak. We are at the 14th annual RPM meet in St. Louis in Collinsville, Illinois. I'm standing here with wonderful young Daniel and sugar fire Joshua Barton. And we're going to take you through an entire tour of this show. A few interviews, all the models and show you all of what it is that makes an RPM meet great. What do you think about this so far, Joshua? I can't believe how many people are here. I can't believe how many friends are back to show things. I can't believe the wonderful models that we're seeing this year. They've had a record attendance this year. This year broke all records so far. Daniel, tell us what you think. I just think it's phenomenal. I mean, missing out on the last year's show, I think this was just a whole makeup for it. And like Josh said, it's seeing all of our wonderful model roading friends and all the wonderful models displayed here. You can't beat it. This is a great show. I recommend you come next year for the RPM. That's awesome, guys. So enjoy this October's What Sneak. I'm standing here with Bill Denton. And this is a magnificent end scale layout. And he calls it the Kingsbury branch Milwaukee road layout. And this is a prototype looking layout. I mean, he's even got code 40 custom built turnouts on this. Bill, this is absolutely amazing. Tell the viewers of the What Sneak show about this amazing layout. Okay, Ken. Thanks. Well, there was an article in the 1975 model railroad or magazine about the Kingsbury branch. It's basically a little bit northwest of the downtown area in Chicago. And I wore out about three copies of the magazine and then finally decided to build a end scale rendition. And this is it. It's 12 feet long. It's about two feet wide. I started this in 1994, believe it or not, and it took me about four years to complete. I built the first six feet, took me about two years, and then I added another six feet to it and that took it about another two years. That's really cool. So what's the total length of this layout? 12 feet long. Okay. At home, I have a staging yard that connects to it as well. And it features a scratch built turnouts. For the most part, I do have some microengineering turnouts on it as well. All the buildings are either kit-bashed or I have some all-scratch built buildings. But nothing out of the box. Everything's been modified to some extent. And yeah, and most of the rolling stack has been weathered. My engines are all custom-painted Milwaukee Road engines and they all have sound in them. This is amazing.  You've got knobs on the end and I guess they pull out. Is that right? Yes. Double throw a slide switch underneath the layout. Right. There's also controls on the back side. So at shows like this, I usually operate from the back end. Tell me about your passion for the hobby. What made you build a display layout like this? It doesn't just sit in your home for your own enjoyment, but you find great pleasure in sharing your work with the public. Yeah, I was inspired by the Reed Brothers. They did the same thing. They had a section of their home layout that they could take out and bring the shows. And I started helping them out at shows. So I wanted to continue with the tradition and build something similar. That's absolutely amazing. Now, it looks like it's built at a perfect height for viewing. What is the height of this layout?  It was built to match the read to connect up with the Reed Brothers. I'm just guessing you're looking at probably about 48 to 50 inches. Well, I don't think it's 50 inches. It's probably in the 40 range somewhere. It's a really nice height for viewing end scale because the buildings are tall and you want to be able to look into the layout and see all the stuff behind the buildings. Correct. And that was one compromise I had to make because if I would have built the buildings to full scale, they would have been too tall. You wouldn't have been able to see the railroad. So I kind of selectively compressed those to a smaller size. Another thing I've noticed is the tones and the colors of your buildings. There's nothing that really sticks out as being bright. It's all blends. Yeah, I think that's the key. You've got to kind of weather everything to match to look like it's always been there. And you've got operational railroad crossing lights and LED lights. Are these LEDs? Yes, they are LEDs. They're Woodland, Scenic Street lights. I just recently began putting those on the layout. So that's kind of a new addition. I'll bet this looks really cool when you turn the lights off. Yeah, yeah, it does. Are the buildings lit too? Not yet, but they will be. You're working on that. Yeah, I'm working on that. Now, what are your plans for the future? Are you going to expand this at some point or what type of changes would you make if you had to do it over? Well, the one change I'd make is they wouldn't be so heavy. They are heavy. They're hard to get out of my basement. So that's why it hasn't been at a public show in probably 10 or 12 years now. I do have plans for an addition. It'll be based on another Milwaukee road line that connects to this, called the Bloomingdale Line. Dude, this is absolutely amazing. Again, the colors are perfect. It looks like prototype and scale if there's not a better word for that. Thanks, that was what I was trying for, yeah. It's amazing. And thank you so much for sharing your art with the viewers of What's Neat. Thanks, Ken. Thanks for stopping by. OK. I'm Myra Lindsey. And I'm Scott Lindsey. And you're watching What's Neat with Ken Patterson. I'm standing here with Joseph Blevins that has built some amazing dioramas, Joseph, and with a lot of restaurants. Tell us about these models. Yes, I 3D printed all these modern houses here just because I'm interested in them and they're not commercially available. So I designed and printed all these modern houses along with the commercial buildings that are not available. So I made them up myself, printed them up and made my diorama for the show today.  You don't really model the railroad because I see no tracks. Tell me about that. Why do you have a passion for cars? I just grew up with the passion of cars. I never, I mean, I have model trains as well, but cars are what it is for me. Have you met Mike Buddy here today? I have met Mike Buddy. Isn't he a wonderful man? He is great inspiration for everybody. Is this your first RPM meet in St. Louis? No, I came in 2018, the last show. I came last time, but I had a very small display because it was my first time. No, that's amazing. Do you have a favorite building of all of them? The Water Burger. The Water Burger. Water Burger. Right. So from Texas area, so Water Burger is a staple. Dude, that's absolutely awesome. Your roads look really good. Tell me what you made your roads out of. 3D printer as well. This one is all 3D printed. So that would explain the tile and the cement and all the, what do you call it, the forms between the cement, the expansion joints. Very, very good work. And also I've noticed you're very good at scenery. Oh, I try. Well, I mean, you've got the plants and the flowers. It's really those basic things that we all know are there that are so easy to miss. Right. And I tried to do something that wasn't flat as well to give it more realism. Because, you know, you hardly see anything that's 100% flat. Dude, this is amazing and that you have a good idea and you're right. That topography looks really great. Well, thank you very much for sharing this with the viewers of What's Neat. Thank you. I'm standing here with Dan Gohans and I've got Bob Johnson from the 187th Vehicle Club. We've talked to them before here at the RPM Meet in St. Louis. And this year there's an awful lot of neat vehicles and a lot of stuff that you can purchase. So Dan and Steve, tell me about this group and what you all do to help promote the best hobby in the world. I'm Bob Johnson and I maintain the website for the 187th Vehicle Club. The website address is 1-87vehicles.org and it's been up and running since 1998. And we now have literally tens of thousands of photos of HO scale vehicle models on the internet. That's amazing. Now Dan, we've seen Sam Dennehy's work on previous What's Neat shows and he's done the Ghost Buster and a lot of amazing vehicles. Tell me about some of the other fellows in this group. Some of the stuff that you've seen that impresses you. It's amazing how many people have come back this year. In fact, we were just discussing earlier today that we remember being here two years ago with the number of people that came from our group. Right. And it's probably doubled by the amount of people that came this time. So we're blown away by the participation. Again, people came from all over the country. We have people come in from Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, New York and Dallas, Texas where I'm from. That's awesome. And so is Bob. So just the participation level here is just super increased. And then the detail level just keeps getting better and better. There's all the new technologies with the 3D printing, all the manufacturers that are coming out and just the creativity level is just off the charts. That's awesome, guys. This is the best hobby of the world. And vehicles are such an important part of this hobby. And nobody has demonstrated this more than Steve Hurt. And I want to bring Steve Hurt in here, Steve. Every year at this show, you always build a new model, something exciting and usually in large scale. Tell me what did you do this year? This year I built a freight liner yard spotter that the Frisco had. Like a lot of my projects, I got the picture from Mike Condren's website. Luckily, Mike had taken a lot of stuff to archive over the years. And so this is one I found and started in. It's all scratch-built frames, scratch-built chassis. The motor is mostly scratch-built. All the body is, all the doors function, the hood functions. Everything possible does. The fifth wheel goes up and down like a yard spotter should. And it all will, it'll all function like it should. Then with our kind of downtime, because we've missed for a year and a half here, I did a couple other small, like, just paint projects. I want a Divco milk truck for myself that's on a table. And then I did another one that I will drop off at the What's Neat Studios. That's right. You presented a really nice vehicle in the parking lot to me. And it is what type of a vehicle? It's more or less a 37 Ford. And it's done like a railway express truck, but later in life. So just kind of a fun piece. And it's got the words What's Neat on the side? Yes, sir. I really love it. We will show that off in the podcast. Thank you so much for that. You're very welcome. Thank you so much for coming to the show and helping promote the show the way you do. Absolutely. I always try to. And I enjoy it. I wouldn't miss it. So, yeah, it's. Steve, you're the best. And you know what? I love your hats. Oh, I do, too. So, yes. I'm standing here with Pete Munger, who has been at the RPM meet many years and you always bring beautifully detailed dioramas. And I also want to give a shout out to your wonderful wife, Lisa, who I had the privilege of meeting two years ago here at the show. It's wonderful how you get the support from your spouse as you do. But tell us about the diorama that you brought this year, Pete. Well, Ken, thanks for taking the time to do this for all of us. Couple years back, I started watching your weekly and monthly show and it reinvigorated me and I tried the styrofoam and it was a way to get me out of the attic and out into the sunshine on a picnic table and do a little styrofoam modeling. And it was just great that you kind of encouraged us to look in that direction. So I brought three modules this year and I like to use them as kind of a staging canvas type situation because I got a couple of buddies who I'm blessed to have as friends who helped me with the weathering. Joel Nicodemus does some weathering for me and our buddy Steve Hurt. Yes, it was just two hours south of me makes my stuff come to life. And I just really love having the opportunity to build something that kind of displays their artistry. So starting on this end, please, Pete, tell me about what it is you brought this year. Well, what we have is this first one here is a diorama that I brought a few years back called Althea and it features kind of a Midwestern grain scene and gives me an opportunity to build the old Walther's kits and some city classics kits and then to decorate them with some of some of Joel Nicodemus's weathering. And then the middle module is a module that I call Minglewood. And it was an opportunity for me to build that new Walther's hotel kit, which is a Walther's kit. Yeah, there's actually two of them. OK. And I really enjoyed that and an old design preservations kit that I rehabbed. And then this this third one down here is called Big River. OK. And it's also got some Walther's kits. And you'll remember from when we were kids in the hobby, Ken, with the Atlas, the Atlas Lumberyard, the Atlas Lumberyard. I said the least I said I got a timeless kit. I got it. I got to do two of those the right way. Yes, instead of the way I did it in the fifth grade with the tester's glue and bottled paint. So that's what we have here in the third one.  What is this all made of yours? Actually, Ken, you know, it's just paint. It's textured paint. OK. From Lowe's or from Wal-Mart. And then same thing with the Rust-Oleum paint for the roads with the decaling from whatever I can find. For the road for the road stripes. It's very effective. Now, do you model Canadian Pacific? You know, I actually model Chester System. I model 1976. OK. But in my town, CP had a couple of run through trains. OK. And so it kind of spoiled me on the multi mark image and like that long hopper train that you have. Right. A little ore car. That's right. That's my Pac-Man train. Well, I love the Pac-Man. So I had to add had to add some CP engines. And of course, Joel made them come to life. But, you know, these these new Kenworth Athern trucks, if you could get a look at some of what Steve Hart does to those things that makes them come to life, it's just it's really incredible what those guys can do with with some of their weathering. This is awesome, Pete. Your overall presentation is very believable. Your coloring of things is dead on. Nothing super bright. It all just seems to blend in prototypically accurate.  This is the best hobby in the world.  Thank you, Ken. Thank you. Enjoy it. Keep inspiring us. I'm sitting here like we do at every RPM meet with one of my favorite people, David Hasse. Dave, you look great. How have you been? I've been great, Kenny. How about you? Everything's really good. Now, you know Dave Cannon and company. He got acquisition of that company years back 2006. So it's been 15 years. I've had Cannon, you know, we do the diesel detail parts. And then several years ago, branched out into the free cars, doing these various box car kits. And then debuting here at the show this weekend, I've got six gondola kits that that are a takeoff on the old modelers choice kit. So debuting and seeing for the very first time in this October is what's need are these gondolas. And they do look fantastic. Tell me about this kit. And I believe you said it looks like this the way you get it. Tell me about it. It's a laser cut kit to make the sides and the ribs for a gondola. I supply ends for it, instructions and draft gear pockets. And the modelers still has to get trucks and couplers and various things and put them together. And, you know, this is kind of what the basic thing looks like. They have a double floor so you can slide a weight in them so they you can detail the under frame and have a load in them. The, you know, without the weight showing. That's very cool. What is the price point on this new kit? That they are twenty eight, thirty and thirty two are the three different two, three different prices based upon how much time is involved with the kits for me to produce them. That looks really great. And tell us where people can find these or purchase these. Well, they will be available on the Canon website probably in August sometime. And, you know, will be available direct from Canon or at the show here. And the day is almost over and they're almost all gone. That's awesome. Dave Hussie, I'm going to summarize this one by saying I've known you for years. You're an absolutely amazing man. I have great respect for you. And in fact, I love you, buddy. OK, I love you, too, Kenny. Thank you for sharing this with us on what's going to do. Now I'm standing here with Tony Cook and Shane Mason from White River Productions. And that is quite a wonderful publishing company. And we know all the great magazines that you do. Tony, tell us what are the magazines that you do in case folks don't know. Shane and I both do model railroad news monthly. And then I also am co-editor of H.O. Collector and I'm now managing editor of DeCelera and White River Productions owned by Kevin and Nadine Udaily. There's about nine regular magazines now and about 20 historical societies. And we're here today enjoying the RPM. We've been looking forward to it for two years. That's awesome. But what a great, great show and seeing all sorts of folks. Yeah, that's awesome. Now, I know that one thing about you two gentlemen is that you're very intelligent. And you know where you know where the magazines have shown a direction of going. But you've been smart in that you're also on the internet. Tell me about that. Well, I mean, you know, certainly Facebook website, a lot of video things with atherns, scale trains, train world, those kind of places. Just talking about products for Pito. I mean, there's so much out there. And as you know, that's a great way to connect now that is both that I'm always hearing people say, oh, I wasn't aware of model railroad news or wow. So we're always finding new people from all the different things we do. Shane, have you found out that it is a lot easier to say a lot more in video than it is in a paper magazine with regards to what you can cover? You know, it's a lot easier, but I find the amount of time it takes to make a video, that production time, so much easier to write in text. The number of takes you mess up and have to go back and redo stuff, the editing process, you know. I haven't made videos from my own channel a couple years now. But you know, there's some time where I'm like, oh, I wish I could just get on and do a video about this. There's other times where I'm like, oh, this is so much easier typed out. So they both have their advantages. That's awesome. Now, Tony, tell me, where can people acquire these magazines? You can go to shop.whiteriverproductions.com and each of the magazine titles, like they just want to see what's new in the hobbymodelrailroadnews.com and find us on Facebook. I'm the one that monitors that for the magazines I do, so easy to get ahold of us. And we love talking about trains can help you find stuff, so. That's awesome. Now, you have been on the What's Neat This Week video podcast one time, I believe. Weren't you on with Lionel String on that episode? Was that how we did that? Lionel who? That's right. That's the America, I've got a pin here. There it is. That's Lionel's podcast. Tell me the name of that. American Mercantile Liability Company? Ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha. I think it's a modelerslife.com. A modelerslife. And that's Modeler with one L, not two like Lionel. And it's a fairly well-known podcast that I have on occasion I get drug into, but I'm always just trying to be very nice and get through it, you know. I wanna thank both of you gentlemen for the way you helped promote this, the best hobby in the world, guys. It's great, and can you guys do great stuff? Appreciate everything you do. Ha, ha, ha. Now we've got Blaine Hatfield from Arrowhead Models. We've interviewed him before when he had his first hopper car that came out, and that was the? Committee design hopper. That is absolutely right. And then you came out with this wonderful rail gun car, the Greenville 2494 Gondola, right? That's correct, yeah. That's amazing. And now this year you are debuting something new, Blaine. Tell me about this exciting new project. Absolutely. So we will be releasing this year the ACF 4600 Covered Hopper. This is a really common car. It was in production among the prototype for over 20 years. Over that time span, there were lots of different phase variations. Other manufacturers have done this car, but not this phase variation. So the list of paint schemes that people are getting, which we've got, I don't know if you can see this on camera.  So I see Mopac, Rock Island, Burlington, Northern, and Northwestern, Chicago Northwestern, and Union Pacific. So that's five. That's five. Are you doing various car numbers for each five? Yeah, for those five, we're doing 12 car numbers. Wow. And then we also are doing a Milwaukee Road and a BNSF. That's great. Now, how many years are you into this wonderful journey called Arrowhead Models? We're three years into it, at this point. Three years in, three cars, so. I wanna say congratulations to you. I do recall, I believe you worked for a company called ExactRail, was that the name of it? And you did very good there.  This is the type of things that makes our hobby great, is when individuals like you grab the bull by the horns and do what you've done with such superior looking freight cars. Thank you. Honestly, that's quite a compliment. I appreciate it, you know, I've been in the business about 12 years now from when I entered at ExactRail, and just happy to be plugging away. Now, I understand you're also getting into the publishing business. Tell us about that. Well, to say that I'm getting into the publishing business is maybe a little bit more ambitious than what we actually have in mind, but we did do a book. It's been a passion project for me. It's just something that I've just really wanted to do. It's called A Hundred Ghosts. It's a photographic exposition of rural grain elevators, and it gives sort of a high level view of some of the major topics associated with the grain industry and grain elevators. A lot of these elevator companies, the grain merchants, had partnerships with railroads. There's a lot of correlation, and I felt like that was something that needed development still in our industry, you know, and a better awareness, and so. No, this is very interesting, but it's little steps like this that lead into a grain elevator kit in the future, you think? Have you thought about it? I have, yeah, we'll see what comes about. I mean, obviously, one thing leads to another, right? That's awesome. And another mainstay that you've done very well with is wheel sets. Tell me about that. Yeah, so Arrowhead has a line of wheel sets. It's a great add-on product for us. It's served us very well. It differs from other wheel sets in that the axle and the anterior and posterior surfaces of the wheel sets are turned. Axles have a dish. They're not straight all the way across. They're actually kind of a concave hourglass shape. So we turn all of that, and then the interior face of the wheel, the medial, well, it's kind of hard to explain, but it's an accurate contour. There are some manufacturing concerns which in times past have led to people taking some shortcuts in terms of how they do that machining, and these we just throw caution to the wind and just do it right. As we've all learned us all together at the same time, I would expect nothing less of you than to perfect the axle of a wheel. Thank you. All right. Well, this is awesome, man. And I've said it in interview after interview, this is the best hobby in the world. And your passion really demonstrates what you're doing for us. Thank you. Thank you. Thanks a lot. Yeah, appreciate it. Take care. All right. I'm standing here with Ryan Matthews, and we all are fascinated by DCC. We've talked about it so many times on the show, and there's so many various types, but I see that Ryan has a lot of European and US models and things that you may not otherwise know about. Ryan, welcome to our What's Neat show. Yes, thank you, Ken. And so, yes, as Ken described, we are the importers from North and South America for DigiCy's, and we have a wide array of DCC and other products. And one unique feature is our advanced command station. It is compatible with other brands. So if you're a Digitrax user, NCE user, like I know you have on your layout, with our products, users can have both at the same time. So it's good for train clubs to where each individual member, if they wanna use their own personal brand of throttle, they can bring it to the club and operate alongside everybody else at the same time. And so the star of that show is the command station right here, the DR-5000, and it's multi-protocol, has all kinds of features built into it, Wi-Fi, programming track, things that you're used to with your normal command station. And then that opens up the options to, a lot of people are familiar with something like this, you can add that to your system, and then we have a whole host of other throttles here that can be used all the way down through the whole line. One of my personal favorites, the Roco, it's a Wi-Fi throttle, it's very easy to use, center off, easy turnout control. A lot of people are very familiar with the TCS, so we can run that straight to the command station as well. And then we've got products by CVP, a lot of people are familiar with their easy DCC system, they offer a lens compatible version. ESU, the mobile control two throttle, a lot of people are familiar with this one as well. And then this is a throttle by Pico, it's actually a local net throttle, which will work on a digit track system as well as ours. Oh, that's cool. Yes, and then of course, the new digit track throttles as well. Those are much bigger than I thought. Yes, they are, and the screen's very nice, very easy to see with the display, it's in color screen, the menus are easy to navigate through. And then this brings us over here to the display, if you can see this here, we've got the Railcom reader going right here, which is reading the address of the locomotive.  So that's reading the Railcom address from inside the locomotives, that's built into a lot of their conventional decoders that you're used to seeing. And then that's also shooting up to our JMRI panel, which is great for dispatchers, hidden staging yards, you can see that locomotive address on there. And as we tilt it off, it goes unoccupied and then it can come right back. And so a lot of DCC users are very familiar with JMRI and that fully interfaces with that as well. And so that kind of just shows it up. What we've got, a lot of this is done through our Iron Plant Hobbies website. So for anything non-Digikis, you can find that there, everything else, on our Digikis website. So we not only sell to retail customers, but local hobby shops as well, can all be found on our Digikis site. That's digikis.us. Digikis.us, so there's a dealer portal as well as for retail on there. Dude, this is really amazing, Ryan. Thank you so much for sharing all of this with the viewers of What's Neat. Yes, thank you. I'm standing here with Thomas Kelly. And one thing about this hobby, it's not all just about trains. Thomas is amazing in that he models a lot of construction equipment, including very large cranes, absolutely fantastic looking models. Thomas Kelly, explain to the viewers of What's Neat, your diorama that you brought here to the show. Okay, well what we did, with all the models we have built over the years, we wanted a place to be able to display them, and not just on a table, but actually have them in a setting, like a crane yard. So I had a little insight, because my son had worked for a real crane company. So he gave me some insight on how to set the whole thing up. And we just set it up to where we have a place for the boom storage, the cranes. There's a shop there to do painting and sandblasting and a main shop to work on the equipment.  Now you were explaining to me that these models, there are thousands of dollars in some of these models. Is that how you explained it to me? Yes, yeah. Some of them are brass. The American lattice right there is a modified brass model, which is about $1,000 model at the time. Wow, nice. The one in the back back here is a brass upper. The crane in the boom is brass, was produced a few years ago. I actually scratch built the truck carrier for it because it came on a crawler track, sort of. And we wanted to have it on a truck. They actually made both versions in real life. So I converted it over and built the truck for it. I've also built this one, which is almost all kit-bashed and scratch built. That's amazing. And your roads and all the texture of your roads are very nice. How did you make these roads? Well, the road itself is from Prysler. We just do scenery techniques like the Maurel Roaders do. I am a Maurel Roader also. Okay. This is just thin cork that you can buy at the craft store. You buy it in different colors. In fact, you can see there's a slight different color there. Just having to work out that way, but just fill that in. Concrete is actually a styrene pad that was grooved for the concrete and painted. This building is scratch built. I actually built it from just styrene parts. It's got a complete interior, which I didn't set everything up this year, but it's got the equipment in there. The interior is amazing. That is so cool. Good work on that. I had an office building. So again, that was built from a evergreen pipes up kit. Now, when you're at home, do you set this at home to enjoy the models? This sits in a room at my house, which we call a diorama room. We have several more and they sit there year round and they'll always have cranes on them. And just whatever project I'm working on is gonna be located here. If it's not here, it's been packed up. Usually we just have it packed up in that show. Yes, yes. Thomas, this is absolutely amazing. It's definitely a specialized type of modeling and you've exhibited the fact that you do this very well. Well, thank you. I appreciate that. So that's this segment of the RPM meet about these construction vehicles on what's neat. It's Chris Brimley of the Exact Rail. Chris, what do you have new for us to show us this time? So we've got a couple new cars that are in route right now. So we have a new run of our Bethlehem 3737 Hopper. Those just barely went on the water about three days ago. Unfortunately, there's a lot of shipping delays at the moment. So we're hoping for them to be here in August, but most likely it'll be early September. And so we have a couple of all new schemes that are gonna be on these cars, such as we have the I-PALCO, which is the Indianapolis Power and Light Company. More numbers of our Reddy Kilowatt Indianapolis Power and Light cars, those are extremely popular. More numbers on the Missouri Pacific 3737 Hoppers. So I think I have nine numbers of those. We have a Union Pacific repaint that was done in about 1985 on an MP car. As far as I know, it's a one-off car. It's really kind of an oddball scheme. Then we have a few cars that we're doing as exclusives for trainlife.com, which is the Inland Steel and the Sioux line as well. These are very, very beautiful models. I can't wait to get my hands on some of those mope acts. On another note, I've been watching you on Facebook and your Burlington station, and that is just magnificent. Can you tell us a little about that? Sure, absolutely. So the Burlington station was actually, I built it for a friend who lives in Georgia. He grew up in Burlington, Iowa. He asked me to build it for his home layout almost 10 years ago. And so I started the project about two years ago, got a little burned out in the hobby and started back up on it about three months ago and just blitzed as fast as I could to get it done. So I could bring it here and then he's taking it home from here. Oh, wow. So if we look at the interior here, you did all the chairs and all the tables and even the window fixtures, are you? And that's just absolutely amazing what you've done. Yeah, pretty much every item on the station is scratch built. There's nothing on it that's off the shelf or factory made. The bulk of the station, I laser cut quite a bit of it. It was also just done out of strip styrene and a few other materials that, just the basic modeling materials. Surprisingly, I really didn't do much 3D printed on it. There are a couple parts that I 3D printed, but the majority of it was laser cut, glued, assembled, slapped together, painted. Well, very, very nice model. Kudos to you and thank you very much for coming. Back to you. So guys, that's it. It's been a great show. Two days of excitement and a lot of models. Tell us what you think, Daniel. I just think it was another great show once again, you know, and like last year, we weren't able to make it. I think this year was a good makeup, a lot of good models. So hopefully we'll see everyone next year for next year's show. There you go, Joshua, did you spend any money? I spent a whole lot of money, but don't tell anybody. I cannot believe how many people showed up this year. A record attendance, and it's amazing. Absolutely fantastic. Until next year, that's this segment of October's What's Neat? All of the products seen on this episode of What's Neat are available from Lombard Hobbies in Lombard, Illinois, or order online at LombardHobby.com. Wothers Trains, supporting hobby retailers across the world since 1932. Check out their website and learn more at Wothers.com. American Limited Models, available at your local hobby shop or online at AmericanLimitedModels.com.


Sivak, can I ask you a question? Why is it important for Nokia to be part of the green digital action track here at COP28? It is important because we are a big part of the ICT industry, but we are just one of many. And no digital action can be achieved, we believe, without the power of collaboration. So to accelerate our work, we really need to partner with the entire ecosystem, telecom operators, other players in the ecosystem. And being part of this action stream allows us to do that better than any other action stream I have seen before. So this is a great opportunity for Nokia and we are really grateful for the partnership. Thank you very much for joining us on that. Thank you. Thank you.


Hi you guys my name is Brittany and welcome back to my youtube channel. You guys it is curriculum week for me here on my youtube channel and I'm so excited to share with you guys my 2024 2025 homeschool curricula picks for my rise in seventh grader first grader and pre-kinder kiddos here in my homeschool. So you guys I am going to start off this curricula week sharing with you guys what I'm going to be using for my pre-kinder daughter and then I will share with you guys my first grader and end off the week with my seventh graders homeschooling curricula picks. I really took a lot of time and energy and thought and picking out all of my kiddos picks for this upcoming homeschool year so I'm really really excited for all the things we're going to get up to and you guys let me stop rambling and we're going to go ahead and get on into this thing. So first things first I really kept it simple when it came to handwriting I am sticking with the same thing I have done in my homeschool from day one which has been handwriting without tears. I really really love handwriting without tears because the systematic approach that they take in teaching correct letter formation. So my rise in pre-kinder kiddo she's going to be in the purple book right now we're working through the first book which is the green book and I really really love it you guys. We're going to go ahead and utilize our handwriting without tears chalkboard. This is like gold in our homeschool and teaching all of my daughters like their correct letter formation with the chalk and the sponge and then we translate it on to paper. So I really loved handwriting without tears their program it's simple and I really like the big pages on these so handwriting without tears. Now as far as some other things for fine motor skills we're going to continue using our kumon cutting book so my kiddo can get better as far as her cutting skills. Right now she is four and halfway through the homeschooling year she will be five so somewhere in there she probably will go ahead and have mastered these scissors skills but she's a lefty and I really love these kumon pasting and cutting skills books because you can literally just pull out the pages you want to use for your kiddos and this has been so much fun especially as like little morning starters in our homeschool so cutting skills from kumon. Now as far as math goes it should be no surprise we are sticking with uh kindergarten math with confidence for uh my rising uh pre-kinder daughter right now she has already completed preschool math at home and by the time you are watching this video we have already started uh kindergarten math with confidence. You guys I love this program I love the games I love the mental and conceptual math knowledge that the kiddos gain through using this program I will let you know this program is not easy or gentle I really feel like it dives deep in the conceptual knowledge with numbers do not be fooled by the student workbook and thinking that this curricula is easy and it lacks rigor I definitely will say all of the meat in the curriculum is in the teacher's guide it is by doing the games and the mental math exercises so I really love this program this is my second time using it and the cool thing about it is is that all the prep work that I already did for this program I don't have to do it anymore since I already have the math box and everything already ready to go literally we're just diving into this and I'm so excited to this program yet again I really just I loved kindergarten math with confidence so here we go my second round with this one and I'm really really excited now as far as phonics goes we are going to be continuing using elemental phonics I really love elemental phonics because it's just simple the kiddos start off with the blend ladders and then after the blend ladders they work on simple cvc words this is a daily lesson and I love how simple it is especially for younger kiddos who do want to see at the table when it comes to like phonetic instructions and learning how to read my youngest daughter she really was beginning to teach herself how to read so I really had to step in to make sure she was learning things correctly so I just really love elemental phonics for its gentle approach so we're going to go ahead and continue using elemental phonics level one at the end of this school year we will be halfway completed with this one so we're just going to pick this baby back up where we're at it ends off with the kiddos reading phonetic sentences so I'm really really excited about that so that is where we're going to be at as far as her phonics instructions when she completes level one I have elemental phonics level two here so I'm going to determine whether I'm going to do level two and or if I believe she will be ready to go ahead and start all about reading level one now all about reading level one you guys it literally just jumps in it's like the kiddos go straight into reading and because she is younger I do enjoy using elemental phonics because of its more gentler approach when it comes to teaching the kiddos like cvc words phonetic sentences elemental phonics definitely goes a lot slower so if I find she's ready for all about reading we're going to dive into this level one and we're going to see where it takes her especially towards the second half of our homeschooling year now I do have the first set of bob books you guys I really really enjoyed these bob books they're so cute right now she's working on the first book we literally just picked it up the other week and I couldn't believe she was beginning to read the first bob book so we're going to continue to work through this box this upcoming homeschool year and I'm just going to kind of take it and see where she goes with it so that is as far as like her phonics instructions what I have planned for her this upcoming homeschool year now as far as her core I'm really excited about this you guys because this is a program that I did last year and I'm excited to bring it back into our homeschool which is a gentle and classical primer we did gentle and classical preschool for my younger two kiddos last homeschooling year and this homeschooling year I definitely will say I miss this and I'm happy I waited to start the gentle and classical primer because she would not have been ready to do this program this school year so I'm really happy I waited and we're going to have so much fun with this now I definitely will say this book does or this level of gentle and classical primer it focuses a lot on like fairy tales folk tales they're going to be working on like manners and some scripture memory work it's really really cute but what I did do for this program is I am going to be swapping out some of the like fairy tale and folk tale literature so this is the fairy tales and folk tales a book that is recommended which is the classical fairy tales however I'm going to be mixing in this book right here which is called crown this is a magical folk and fairy tales so I'm really really happy about adding in this book and it just has like different I guess adaptations of fairy tales and you guys I really enjoy the representation within this book the illustrations are beautiful so I'm definitely going to be like adding in some literature some like I guess African American fairy tales and folk tales within this curricula for my younger kiddo and I'm really excited about that we're also going to be reading Peter Rabbit which is a classic too with the gentle and classical primer now because this homeschooling year I definitely will say we for as far as like reading and literature we primarily just went to library and I was just picking out like random things but this upcoming homeschool year I really wanted to make sure and ensure I was reading books to my younger two and I wanted to make sure that um I kind of was following some type of a schedule I wanted something to be laid out as far as the literature reading where we're going to be doing so you guys as far as literature for both of my younger two kiddos we're going to be doing melanated tales and pretty much this melanated tales is from the heritage mom blog and we're pretty much going to be reading again more like fairy tales and folk tales stories we're going to be using the black mother goose we're going to be reading Nelson Mandela's African folk tales and then the last book we're going to be using is her stories which is again African American folk tales fairy tales and true tales so as you guys can tell this homeschooling year I'm definitely focusing on like those fairy tales and folk tales like all of those type of stories I want to make sure my kiddos they know and that's really the fun part about this age is really reading to them so that's really my primary focus and that's why I have so much literature that I do want to read to both of my younger two kiddos because my rising first grader will be joining my prekinder in melanated tales and gentle and classical primer this homeschooling year now I do also have the Kenny Garten morning binder and also the preschooling morning binder that I can use in my dry erase sheets as far as like their morning folder calendar time letter formation different things like that I do have this I guess to my access if I want to pull these out and put them in some dry erase sleeves as far as like morning working things like that I have utilized these this homeschooling year not as much as I thought I was going to but I did pull them out every now and then especially when we had like concepts that match within like their math or phonics curricula so I do have that on hand just in case I do want to use it so you guys these are my prekenders homeschool curricula picks for the 2024 2025 homeschooling year if you guys want to see anything in detail please let me know I will make flip-throughs of any pieces of curricula you want to see or know more about just let me know I'm so excited for this kiddo she definitely is going to have a seat at the table and hopefully she's not crying anymore because she doesn't have enough one-on-one time with mommy as always thank you so much for watching I look forward to seeing everybody in my next one bye


What's going on guys, it's your boy DPJ here today with another Destiny video and in today's Destiny video we have top 5 Titan Hammer of Soul players of the week. Now if you guys do enjoy the video do leave a like, I do appreciate the support, subscribe for Dale's Destiny and I'll catch you guys on the next one.


So, we are on our fifth and final day and two topics remain, we have decided to de-emphasize cycle. So, we will spend major amount of time on combined first and second law. Traditionally the name of this topic is availability analysis, exergy analysis. The differences historical, sometimes availability analysis was pertaining to the close thermodynamics system, exergy analysis pertain to open thermodynamic system. So, also possible that exergy was a word coined by East Europeans and Russian engineers, availability was used by Western Europe, Western workers. But the fact remains that there is absolutely no new basic principle of thermodynamics involved. We use first law and second law together. So, that is why it is a combined analysis and that is the reason why I have kept the topic as combined first and second law. Somebody quickly goes through the topics, they will say where is availability, where is exergy? Exergy is nothing but combined first and second law. So, what is this analysis? This analysis helps us do the following. We have a vague idea that sp or s dot p which is always positive or at most equal to 0 is not a good thing, that is the basic idea. We should reduce sp or s dot p, why? Maybe it is better that way, I will put a question mark, why is it better we do not know but that is our mental set and that is based on the again a mental set that a reversible process would be an ideal process, that means it would be best possible and the reason for that is simple. One of the aspects of life which tells us that nothing is reversible is the progress of time. And it is the second law which tells us that in any thermodynamic systems behavior there will always be a state before and the state after whatever happens. If you have a situation in which everything is reversible, remember that when a system executes a reversible process or a pair of systems interacting with each other execute a reversible process, in principle it is possible for us to reverse everything and bring the systems back to the original state without any other thing changing. So, if a system has executed a reversible process and then reversed it back and if we were not observing that a process was taking place, we would never know ever that a process has taken place. If in a particular zone say in this room everything were to take place reversibly and that means our clocks would have to stop because there is no before there is no after. There is no before there is no after so time would lose its meaning and everything would become you know amar in our as we say undying and perhaps that is the idea right from our philosophers. So, amruta was always an attractive thing the elixir of life. That gave us an idea that something which extends life, something which takes meaning away from time would be important. In thermodynamics that attracts us to the ideal of a reversible set of processes. We have used it for defining entropy and doing many other good things. That has given us a mental behavior, mental set that a reversible process is ideal since an irreversible process produces entropy, entropy production is bad and that has given us led us to the quest which has led to exergy analysis. For every process let us calculate sp or s dot p. We know how to do it from our second law analysis. But by combining the first and second law we are able to provide some physical meaning to the value of sp. And then we can make efforts to see how it can be reduced and when you reduce it what happens or what do you have to do to reduce it. So our thing is presence of sp or s dot p would lead to loss of work. That means you could have obtained a work say maximum amount of work you obtained only the actual amount of work W. So this would be the lost work. What is the maximum amount of work that we have yet to determine or it could lead to you can look at the other way. Waste of heat, we know heat has to be supplied to do some work, to do some job, to provide a change of state, to accomplish a task. So the thermodynamics will give us the minimum amount of heat which is required to do the task. But if we consume something more than that this is the amount of waste of it. You could have done with this but you are unnecessarily using something more. So the combined first and second laws together of the exergy analysis would give us an idea of either the loss of work or lost work or the waste of heat or wasted heat. Usually people look at it essentially from the lost work point of view but we can always turn it around and look at it from a wastage of heat point of view. How do we do this? We do the following. We use first and second laws for the actual process. Then we think of an ideal process and naturally for an ideal process our idea is an ideal process must be reversible and that means for such a process S p should be 0 or S dot p should be 0 whatever way you are looking at it. Then we define using the difference between the two typically lost work and link this up to S p or S dot. And while doing this we often come across the components of the process which contribute to lost work. I will take a diversion, we will go to our exercises and we go back to the last exercise in second law 4.10. I skipped it at that time because although it uses first law and second law I think it is appropriate to do it at this time because it is related to what we are going to do now. But just to emphasize that nothing more than first or second law is to be used we will do it now. So exercise 4.10. So we have a closed system it undergoes a process between fixed initial and final states say one and two such that the overall changes in energy entropy and volume are delta E, delta S and delta V respectively. That means you have a closed system which executes a process such that change in energy is delta E, change in volume is delta V, change in entropy is delta S. The only input of energy to the system is from condensate steam at a temperature T s. So there is a temperature T s. Let us say the heat absorbed is given amount of heat absorbed from steam by the system is Q from the steam by the system so our direction is all right. The only outputs of energy are the heat transfer to the environment it is given that T naught is the temperature of the environment. So let us say the interaction with the environment which is at T naught is Q naught and work done in displacing the environment because of this delta V the environment gets displaced and that is P naught that means the work done is the expansion work and since it is only against the environment it would be P naught delta V. Apply the first law to the system, apply the second law to the system show that the irreversibility in the process gives rise to a wastage of thermal energy that means wastage of heat of steam by an amount as given. So let us do how do you apply first law to the system? First law to the system simply means Q equals delta E plus W but there are two components of Q here. So the first law would simply say Q plus Q naught is delta E plus W, W is P naught delta V. If you really want to be particular call this Q s write the first law as Q equals delta E plus W then write Q s, Q s plus Q naught and W as P naught delta. I am taking a bit of a short here. Second law, what does the second law says? Delta s must be greater than or equal to sigma or integral Q by T plus SP. Let us put it the turn it around we will put delta s on one side but on this side Q by delta Q by T has two components Q by T s plus Q naught by T naught. This has to be change in entropy of the system delta s plus any entropy produced. Actually this is not second law this is a relation linking SP to all this second law actually say SP must be greater than or equal to Q. This is definition of SP this part is definition of SP this part is this is the real second law. So let me call this equation one let me call this equation two it is minus SP. Let me correct it and say this has to be plus SP here equal to delta s. Multiply two by T naught what do you get? You will get Q into T naught by T s plus Q naught plus T naught SP equals what is on the other side T naught delta s this is two A or you can call it three. We had the first equation Q plus Q naught is delta E plus T naught delta Q plus Q naught is delta E plus T naught delta. You can eliminate Q naught between the two and you will get for example you subtract two A from one. So you will get Q into one minus T naught by T s minus T naught SP equals delta E plus T naught delta V minus T naught delta s solve this for Q equal I will put everything on one side I will have delta E plus T naught delta V minus T naught delta s plus T naught SP this is T s minus T naught by T s. So this will be T s by am I right? Now notice that SP will have values which are zero or positive thermodynamically the ideal value is zero and notice that as I reduce SP I will come to a minimum value of Q. I am assuming here that T s is greater than T naught and that is a inherent assumption here. So that gives us Q min which is obtained by putting SP equals zero this would lead to Q min which is delta E plus T naught delta V minus T naught delta s into T s and Q by Q min is Q wasted that is what the answer we have Q minus Q min the value of Q min is as given all that we have done is we have used first law we have used second law and notice here that the interaction with the environment Q naught that we eliminated and we said that using the link between Q and SP we determine Q min which is at SP equal to zero. So anything which is Q minus Q min would be Q wasted. Now the question that arises this is what thermodynamics and even the exergy analysis does not directly tell us what shall I do to reach this state of Q min. Notice that the first law should also be valid. So if you want Q to be reduced to Q min on the right hand side delta E and P naught delta V it is something you cannot change change in the state of the system pressure of the environment invariant you want a particular change in the state of the system. So you must execute in such a process in such a way that the if you want to minimize Q you must manipulate Q naught change Q such that Q goes to Q minimum and Q naught goes to the appropriate value which still keeps the balance. How to do that thermodynamics does not tell that is for other engineering ideas to be implemented. Now although this was in the second law section this exactly is what we do in exergy analysis and although textbooks tend to indicate that exergy analysis is some standard analysis exergy analysis is not a standard analysis. However to define properties for pseudo properties called availability and exergy the general idea which is used is essentially this but then we have it straight jacketed. So suppose we have a system and we have the interactions heat absorbed work done and let us say the system during the process goes from state 1 to state 2. What does the first law tell us? First law tells us simply delta E is Q minus 30. This is first law. The second law tells us that delta E is either integral summation whatever of Q by T plus S P with S P greater than or equal to Q. Now aim reduce S P to 0. Now notice that if you want to reduce S P to 0 this equation has to be satisfied and as you change S P either you will have to change Q or you will have to change delta S that means either you must give up some or modify some interaction or say that the system should go to a different state because I want a reversible process. You cannot say that I must have this interaction the system must go to that space in which case you cannot change S P. So if you want to improve situation quote-unquote improve by reducing S P you must allow yourself to change either the end state or the interaction or both. If you do not allow a change in the state but allow a change in the interaction so then naturally Q will change, here Q will change and then your W will automatically change. Usually a reduction in S P would mean because delta S is the same a reduction in S P generally means an increase in Q and then increase in Q here generally means an increase in W algebraically. So generally a reduction in S P if end states are kept the same improves the work interaction that means the work extracted and hence the idea of a maximum work has come about. But remember to reduce S P to 0 we must either change interactions, change in state or both. The standard availability or exergy analysis which we will now derive allows us not to change end states but change interactions to such an extent that even an adiabatic process would be replaced by a non adiabatic process. Because if you say that your original process is adiabatic that means Q is 0 and if you say you do not want to change end states that means delta E and delta S did you do not want to change but if you want to reduce S P then naturally Q has to be changed from 0 to non 0. So even to that extent one has to consider in our standard availability or exergy analysis. So we will now look at what is known as the classical analysis availability slash exergy. Since availability and exergy are used interchangeably we will say that availability generally pertains to closed system exergy analysis usually pertains to open system. And in this classical analysis what we have is the following. We have the idea of an environment usually means the surroundings and which is usually modelled as a large system or a reservoir P0 T0 unchanged. Then you say that any amount Q0 with environment is possible and this is the one interaction which we will be changing to go from the real situation to the ideal situation. Then third we say there is the idea of useful work. Here the idea is useful work is defined as the actual work done by the system during a process minus P0 delta V. Why P0 delta V? Because if the volume of the system changes by delta V or increases by delta V then the atmosphere is pushed back by that amount. So the process during the process the system will have to do work P0 delta V against the atmosphere that work will be absorbed by the atmosphere and is not useful to us for any other purpose. So that is this idea of useful work. And we do this by assuming that we have fixed initial and final state and fixed interaction except Q0 which is the energy transfer with the environment and W. Because we want to go from W to W maximum so that we must allow and the only change we allow is Q0. And now we proceed with an analysis which is very similar to that in exercise 4.10. This is our system goes from state 1 to state 2 delta E delta V delta S. If that some work W, W useful is W minus P0 delta and let us say that the other interactions are one interaction Q0 at T0 and the other interaction it say at T1 so much parallax Q at T or Qi at Ti whatever you want apply first law what do you get Q plus Q0 equals delta E plus W and W we will write as W useful plus T0 delta okay. Second law Q by T plus Q0 by T0 plus S P equals delta. Equation 1 multiplied by 2 by T0 standard trick Q into T0 by T plus Q0 plus T0 S P equals T0 delta S and eliminate Q0, eliminate Q0 between 1 and 2A. Here we will subtract 2A from 1 and we will get Q into 1 minus T0 by T Q0 gets eliminated minus T0 S P equals delta E plus W U plus T0 delta V minus T0 delta S. Let me call this equation 3. Now transpose equation by putting W U on one side and everything else on the other side W U becomes Q 1 minus T0 by that is one term W U will have minus T0 S P on the other side but what remains is the negative of delta E plus T0 delta V minus T0 delta S minus delta E plus T0 delta V minus T0 delta S minus T0 S P. Check that the algebra is right. Is that right? Okay. Now what is this? What can be the value of S P 0 or more than 0? In general it will be positive. So in general this T0 S P or minus T0 S P will be a negative number. If I reduce T0 S P or reduce S P the value of the right hand side will improve. When S P equals 0 the value of the right hand side is maximum that is our W U max. So whatever is here this equals W U max and what is this? T0 S P is W U max minus W U maximum possible work under the condition that no change in end states. Only change possible is change of interaction with the environment heat interaction with environment. This is known as lost work not with a negative sign. Just this is lost work. So the W useful is W useful max minus lost work. All that is it does is tell us that S P has some significance. Multiply S P with the environment temperature and that represents the amount of work which you could have obtained perhaps by executing the whole thing in a reversible way but did not obtain or could not obtain that is why it is known as lost work. Now in this itself there are two components. First component is this. The second component is this. This Q into 1 minus T0 by T. What is this? We have come across this earlier. 1 minus T0 by T is the efficiency of a reversible 2T heat engine working between T as the source and T0 as the sink. If Q is the heat absorbed by such an engine this is the maximum possible work one can do. So this is W U max from Q at and this now that we know this textbooks on availability we will say this is the availability or this is the exergy of that heat which is available to us at T and then they will say that look if T is higher for a fixed T0 higher the T better is the availability of Q and lower the T poorer is the availability of Q because if T0 is 300 Kelvin T is 600 Kelvin only half of Q is available as work whereas if T is 1200 Kelvin then 3 fourths of Q will be available and it so happens that what however high be T unless you go infinitely high Q will never be completely available to us as work. And that is why the idea that Q is a low grade energy cannot directly be fully converted into or comes out of this nothing to do with availability and analysis something to do with our second law of thermodynamics but this is known as the availability or exergy of Q and then those textbooks will have cranky problems that demonstrate that the exergy of heat depends on the temperature at which it is available shown by this expression. Now the second term I will write it down as minus delta E plus P0 V minus P0 S and this E plus P0 V plus P0 S it is not a property E plus P V minus T S will be a property because only properties of the system is involved but E plus P0 V minus T0 S I can call it or people call it a pseudo property because it depends on the property of the state but also depends on the environment this is given the symbol so that this can be written down as minus delta phi or minus phi 2 minus phi 1 and what is this this is WU max due to change of. So, remember this is like a potential remember yesterday's calculations in property relations during a constant temperature process the maximum work that one can obtain is the reduction in the Helmholtz function. So, during an adiabatic process in which there is no Q maximum useful work maximum useful work which can be obtained is the reduction in this property or pseudo property phi perfectly analog or in a gravitational field if a body changes the height maximum work that can be obtained would be the reduction in the gravitational potential energy perfectly analogous to that. So, this means that phi is something like a potential or why not phi you can consider to be a potential you can write I am getting both reduction in which represents the maximum useful work that can be obtained due to change of state and during that change of state what interactions are admissible the only interaction admissible apart from doing work is heat transfer with the environment this Q is not admissible because that itself will add to some work, but that Q not which you have eliminated is admissible. So, this is a potential which represents the maximum useful work due to change of state when only Q not 2 from t not 2 or from t not Q admissible. Now, is this idea clear this is simply algebra we have used first law we have used second law and we have decided that what happens if sp is reduced to 0 which gives us w u max apart from that only definitions and nomenclatures are involved nothing more nothing less and now to confuse you some more definitions and some more nomenclature phi is known as the availability of the system or sometimes it is known as the availability function or sometimes the even exergy of the system because availability and exergy are used interchangeably, but there is a modification we notice that w u max I will say Q not only would be minus phi 2 minus phi 1. So, only differences in phi are of significance just the way differences in energy only are significant and only differences in entropy are significant, but the modification to this in the definition of phi not to this is often you consider this what is p not t not what have we defined it to be pressure and temperature of the surrounding then if we say that look I have a system and I will leave it free to do whatever it feels like with the surrounding. So, I have a balloon with warm air or cold air in it and I leave it to do whatever it feels like with the surrounding feel it to exchange energy with the surrounding finally what will happen to its temperature it will come to t not I say that look I remove all stresses make it freely expandable balloon allow it to expand to its hearts content what will be the pressure that it will reach p not ok. So, p not t not which is the pressure and temperature of the environment also equal the so called state which the system may eventually reach if left free to interact with the environment this is also known as a dead state for some reason nothing to do with death it is known as a dead state. So, you leave sufficient you leave a system sufficiently long to interact with the environment and do not put any other constraint do not put it in a pressure I cylinder let there be a piston which is free to expand till pressure equalizes what do we get finally the system comes to a dead state quite often phi is defined not as e plus p not v minus p not s but it is defined as this minus e not plus p not v not minus p not s not where e not v not and s not are the properties of the system when it reaches the state p not t not. So, this definition sort of eliminates the question what is the availability of steam at 100 bar 400 degree c. Now you will ask with respect to what one can say with respect to whatever is the reference of the energy whatever is the reference for entropy in principle these two references could be different but if we define it like this then with respect to the corresponding dead state some books and some authors tend to follow this definition this is an alternative definition in which this is an additional constant term and which sort of gives us a reference this remains the same because phi 2 minus phi not nothing no analysis changes only the reference for phi changes. Now I think before I go to the exergy analysis for open systems it is proper to do some problems and that brings us to exercise sheet combined first and second laws which is exercise sheet 7 but in the assignment to you I have called it CL. So, when you submit it instead of 7.1 7.2 let us call it CL 1 CL 2 that way the topic numbers and these numbers are. Now notice assume that the environment is at p not 1 bar p not 300 K unless specified otherwise that is the default environment 7.1 because this gives us an idea that we means vacuum means nothing soon in our philosophy but can we extract some work out of that the question is vacuum in the absolute interstellar space we may not be extract work out of because it exists naturally but in the earthly environment where the surroundings is at one atmosphere we need to spend power and effort and money to create a vacuum. So, naturally vacuum is useful and there must be some work extractable from a perfectly evacuated space of volume V vac. So, first let us look at it this way this is our system it has a volume V vac it has no temperature associated with it its pressure is 0 there is no mass in it. So, first absolute formula use by keeping our brain power away for some time what is the maximum useful work this will be minus pi 2 minus what is pi 2 E naught plus P naught V naught plus P naught S naught now forget P naught V naught there is no mass. So, there is no E there is no S but what about vacuum in the final state this is 2 final P this is going to be E 2 plus P naught V 2 minus P naught S 2 that is the first part the second part is going to be P 1 plus P naught V 1 minus P naught first let us look at this part what does it contain nothing does it have any energy no. So, even is 0 initial state. So, initial state this is state 1 we will then sketch the state 2 when we really realize is there any entropy associated with it nothing there is no mass nothing no entropy. So, this term also goes P naught atmospheric pressure what is the initial volume V 1 is V vac. So, V 1 is V vac. So, this particular term becomes P naught into V vac. What about here this is the state 2 which is equilibrium with environment what do you do when you bring it in equilibrium with environment does the vacuum remain nothing no nothing remains the system simply vanishes if it were a balloon because it is vacuum it will just go to 0 volume and anyway it does not contain any mass. So, E 2 would be 0 as earlier S 2 would be 0 as earlier even V 2 would be 0 as earlier. So, what remains it is simply P naught V 1 with a negative sign with another negative sign and that is P naught V vac this is the maximum useful work according to our formula the way we understand it. So, 2 equilibrium with environment essentially means the system contains nothing does not even have a volume right is this right can we think of an experiment we can there we can demonstrate that this can be done let us look at it let us say that I have the vacuum of V vac and I have created it in a cylinder piston arrangement and I have because the pressure here is P naught the area is A and let us say the so V vac is product of L and A I must hold the piston against this pressure otherwise piston will simply move into the vacuum principle used in vacuum breaks.  So, that my mass is such that Mg equals P naught A forces balance now all I do to bring this in equilibrium with the environment it simply tap that piston slightly tap tap what will happen I have provided a small impulse. So, slowly the piston will move there is no force difference across the piston that small impulse which I have provided allows it to move very slowly steadily into the vacuum when will it stop it will stop when it reaches the dead end at the other of course if it is an elastic collision it will bounce back, but I will see to it that I tap it again stay there what has happened piston has moved in by a distance L what has happened to the mass mass has moved up by an elevation L basic definition of thermodynamic work how much work is done P naught A into L which is P naught into V. So, W because it is useful I have used it for raising the weight is M into G into L P naught into A into L P naught into V understood this is basic thermodynamics on the previous phase what we had done is a dump application of the availability and exergy analysis and mind you something like this you can always do this is a very simple situation. So, it was very obvious what to do, but in a more complicated situation also you can do because all that you are doing is applying first law applying second law and considering the option by changing SP by changing an appropriate interaction and mind you the standard exergy analysis does not allow you to change end states it allows you to change only the interaction with the environment and that sometimes leads to a problem because sometimes we want the process to be adiabatic adiabatic means no interaction of heat with anything. So, how do you apply the availability analysis the standard availability analysis cannot be because the standard availability analysis says that to go from W u to W u max change the interaction with the environment, but that means if initially it was 0 now you have to make it non-zero and you will say that look I need an adiabatic process for some reason why do you force me to have a heat transfer you know that is why availability and exergy analysis only talks about the thermodynamic ideal it does not take into account the ground reality what we have this will become clear when we look at you can use you can calculate the lost work, but how are you going to extract it that is precisely the problem that comes up nothing in my absolutely personal opinion this is so that some people can write books or chapters in books and I can spend time about two three hours explaining to you what all this thing is about otherwise apart from first law and second law there is absolutely nothing new except certain ideas and certain nomenclature and definition your answer should be what I have done is exergy analysis without saying so if we do this we will call it exergy analysis if you do this what will you call it will call it basic thermodynamics, but that is what it is it is basic thermodynamics I will make a personal from very powerful in the process if they don't extract it I want you to say for so I will ask him to register as a student in the June workshop that is what anybody you know who comes and meets you saying oh I know everything about it oh then why do not you attend the June workshop that should be it It is dangerous to mix two disciplines unless you have a person who is equally comfortable in both the disciplines or one expert in one discipline another expert in another discipline who are equally comfortable with each other and that you know either a pair or a set of people may be a few economists and a few engineers equally comfortable with each other or a few people who are equally comfortable in both economics and engineering that that is a very very rare combination. I think Bejan here Bejan's books. Yes Bejan's books is perhaps the only place where there is a balanced thing but he does not talk much about economics he remains within the thermodynamic domain actually one of the characteristics of Bejan's books is that he does not make any non-thermodynamic comments say it is an excellent book but you can notice that he is restraining himself by not making certain comments. Is there any difference in available energy and availability? Availability is nothing but a short form for available energy similarly exergy is a short form for excluded energy that is how this nomenclature has come. Available energy means available for what? Available for converting into useful work that is it. So that is what we have said here we have said that this is availability or exergy of Q which is available at T that is what he is saying.


Thanks for checking out this show review. This is for the 2019 show nose for a to nose for a to It's a license plate just so people don't know or if people don't know anyway This is currently available on the shutter streaming service It originally ran on the AMC channel, which if people don't know shutters owned by EMC So that's why they end up getting some of the horror stuff that ran on AMC like nose for a to like Eli Ross history of horror stuff like that. So At the top of this if people are watching it and they've already seen the first season of nose for a to it has been renewed for a second season Which I'm happy about I did enjoy this. I'll let you know upfront if you have not seen it It's fine to watch this review because I'm not going to be giving spoilers since it's so new I'm just going to kind of talk about my thoughts on it without giving spoilers But I'm going to give you a lot of stuff So if you have seen it, you'll know what I'm talking about as well And it'll be a good breakdown for you kind of walking that line So the show is actually based on a book by Joe Hill if people don't know Joe Hill is Stephen King's son But became very successful on his own He didn't make it known until maybe about 10 years into his writing career that he was Stephen King's son That's why he had changed his last name He wanted to make it make it on his own and since then he has been You know writing a lot of books that have gotten pretty high acclaimed so he Had this book called nose for a to it's a very thick book I actually looked at reading it at one point and I was like I'm so behind on a bunch of other books I can't get this right now, but maybe down the road because it's so thick It's like this it's huge and I'm not a fast reader and I have all these books to get to so I was like I better do those first and maybe I'll do this but in the meantime I was like I kind of really want to check out this story so I watched it on shutter and I'm glad that I did I think they did a good job pulling it off It would be good to know what's in the book versus what's in the show I have a friend who read the book and he watched the first two episodes of the show and he said that the book is crazy But really good, so I want to get to it at some point, but anyway So I have some notes in here, but I'm gonna try and you know do a little bit of off the cuff talking about it as Well, but I'm gonna I'll kind of bounce between so overall I have to say that I like this show because it has a lot of Interesting subtext to it. There are a lot. There's a lot of stuff at play in this Especially with the relationships of characters within it That it's more than face value like you really have to think about oh well What's really going on in this moment and think about kind of the inner workings and what's going you know kind of looking further looking a little bit deeper and seeing underlying themes and one of the big themes in it is Trauma and it's trauma in the sense of like actual physical trauma sometimes But it's trauma in the sense mainly of like family trauma and like the issues that happen with broken families Families that are actually, you know, no longer together versus families that are still together, but not functional and Really focusing on the children and how that impacts the children So, you know those types of things can be done kind of like overdone and done poorly But I like the way it's done in this and I I'm obviously gonna attribute that to Joe Hill because I'm assuming it's the way it is in the book is It's complicated and a lot of times with these types of themes People they put it into a show they put it into a movie They put it into a book and they simplify things they make it so that okay, so in the relationship This is the parent who's all bad and this is the parent who's all good This show does not do that. You feel very conflicted about Basically everyone in it Yeah, basically everyone pretty much especially when you get to the very end and there's kind of like a Final really short episodes like 13 minutes or something that kind of like breaks down the main bad guy a little bit and You get it like you feel like you feel for characters But then you also look at them at the same time and say God That's a really bad decision or they just did something terrible or they're a terrible person in this instance They're a really good person in this instance and it's muddy. It's gray matter. It's it's a gray area and I love that I love when movies and shows do that for you because it's so easy to just be like this person's good This person's bad, but that's not real life And I like it when it's a reflection of real life and it makes you feel the emotions of man I really like this person and then the next moment being like man I really don't like this person and it gives you a good representation of what the The children or what the main character mainly Vic McQueen what she goes through In her life like it makes you as audience member get a really good taste of like I see where she's torn here I see where she's having problems making up her mind on what to do with her parents because they are both awesome in certain ways and they're both terrible in certain ways and You feel torn just like she feels torn and it's it's really well done and I also have to say bravo to all the people involved in making the show because You know while I'm saying that that has to do with Joe Hills writing You also have to do the screenplay and you have to shoot it and you have to act it and They brought it to the screen really well in my opinion. It translates well and on that note It looks really good. The directing is excellent. The acting is really excellent I can think about like a few moments here or there where the acting drops a little bit But for the most part very good acting One of the things that I don't like about the acting though is the main guy. I forget his name you see he's been in the show like here are heroes and a few other things you'll know if you see him because he's been in a lot Oh, he was Spock in the newer Star Trek films he Does he's this character who's like sometimes he's young and sometimes he's an old man in the show And when he plays the old man in like full special effects makeup practical effects makeup He the old man voice he does sounds terrible It sounds like overwrought and over the top and terrible But his acting other than that is great like he does a great job So that's just one of my main issues and on that since I'm already talking about it The practical effects to make him look like an old man look really really good. There's only one moment in it It's in like the final full-length episode Where it's a very very close-up shot of his face and you can see that it's a prosthetic but You have to like look at it for a while and and other than it being like a super Tight close-up. You don't notice that it's really prosthetic. It's impressive. It looks good. So The you know the the logistics of getting this done and everything that went into the show I think was executed extremely well I think it's really just gonna come down to If you like it or not has to do it Do you like the underlying story and do you like that it goes kind of slow from time to time? But it's necessary like that I don't think that there were any stints in it that were slow that felt like oh my gosh They're just trying to fill time or anything like that Which is a pretty awesome thing because they have 11 full-length episodes and then that little like 13-minute thing So it's a pretty big triumph that I watched it didn't really feel like things were dragging on Necessarily because that has a tendency to happen which shows especially ones that are on channels on cable like this was for AMC so you know But yeah, I really liked it and I thought it was I thought it was well done So let me go over some of my notes here The characters and relationships are complicated which is what I was saying so it makes it hard to take sides I mean you can for moment-to-moment like I was talking about but you end up switching on the characters And I love the complexity of the characters the show is so much about trauma in many ways and how people deal with it Yeah, I did talk about the trauma But it's also about how people deal with their trauma and also how people don't deal with their trauma and what the consequences of Both of those can end up being And I just kind of put a note that everyone refuses help because they'd seem weak That's kind of a societal thing a lot of people don't want to ask for help with whatever issues They're having physical or emotional or mental or whatever just because you'll seem like a weak person and everyone wants to seem like a strong person It also deals with addiction and the tie-in that trauma has with addiction sometimes and that's personal addiction But that's also Addiction that touches other people so that's another aspect of it like I'm saying like if you can tell there's a lot at play in this film Or in the show It makes points about disparity in wealth and how that affects a child's upbringing That's another strong theme in this because the main character, you know, she doesn't come from a wealthy family or anything like that so Yeah, there's a theme of trying to be yourself and go your own way While trying to also please your parents which is hard when everyone involved has some self-esteem issues That's another thing that goes on where you know, even when when people are kids When you're a Teenager I'll put it that way like when you're a teenager you're trying to figure out how your life is is going to shape up What road you're gonna take to get wherever you're gonna end up going and when your parents have very strong opinions about What they think you should do and they're not supportive in that they just want to tell you this is what I think you should do You know, it becomes hard because it's like I want to listen to my parents But I also feel like I should be doing this and there's a lot of that in the film Which I think is written well and and played out well and it could you know Once again kind of like with how the characters are done. It could be something where they simplified it and made it really easy But they didn't and I appreciate that There's also a theme of kind of like an old patriarchal society fighting against a newer More emotional and emotionally involved Society one that accepts different roles for people then are like traditional roles basically And so I kind of see the good the good guy in the in the in the show I don't know why I'm doing that but the the protagonist in the show is basically the new society that's kind of evolved and the Antagonist of the show is kind of the old traditional Ways of doing things that they're trying to hold on to and they're trying to make everyone accountable for that basically in a messed up way, obviously There's a care there's one particular particular character in this Whose backstory it is too much like the way they do it. It's super over-the-top in your face not subtle and it really should have been subtle because You know With a lot of things don't beat the audience over the head with it like be subtle about it They'll pick up on it It was over the top this character's backstory is way over the top people who have already seen it and are watching this We'll know what I'm talking about. It was just too much like not in the sense of I was like, oh, that's that's like too Scary or too emotional or whatever. I just thought it would like I had to like roll my eyes Basically because I was just like really you you had to go that hard on it Like we get it we get it stop. We get it. So yeah, but There's a care so there's a character who's supposed to have a stutter in this at some point and At first I was watching I was just like why is this person like they didn't have a stutter then they did have a stutter So I kind of wrote it down as like being a problem I'm like this is coming and going but there actually is a reason for that. So just know there's a reason for that There's a character's involvement in this that you actually particularly feel bad about actually There's a lot of stuff that you feel bad about in this film because of that complexity of characters where you're just like Oh, you know, I feel for this person, but they're also doing terrible things. So There's a lot of those moments But there's one character in particular that you feel particularly bad for at times where you're just like and you'll know Why you'll understand and then the last thing I kind of wanted to say about this is this doesn't give anything away It's not a spoiler because I said I'm not doing spoilers on this But there are these concepts of strong creatives is what they call them strong creatives and Inscapes that are really good concepts that are at play in the main story of this Awesome, I think For me personally what makes this so good other than what I've already talked about with, you know, the characters being Really complex and it just looking really good and everything being pulled off really well and seeming like it flows Well, I think it's also that the underlying story is very interesting to me It's one that I I'm not Like while I'm watching it, I'm not sure where it's going necessarily and there are tons of shows where I'm like I know exactly where this is going. This is very clichéd It's a it's a like a recycled story and this one is not that it's very original It's doing its own thing for sure and it has a lot of intrigue baked into it where you're like Let's Adventure further. Let's let's investigate this and you and you're doing that with the characters So you're just like I'm not a hundred percent sure where this is going and I'm very interested to see what happens And I think they ended it in a very good way that kind that does set it up for the second season Obviously because they're doing a second season, so I'm very excited that they got a second season for this Just makes me want to read the book now really makes me want to check out that book But I have a lot of other stuff to work through first, but anyway, so giving this show a star rating nose for a two Out of five stars with half stars in play.  I like it at four stars. It is good I highly recommend it to anyone watching this who hasn't watched it already go check it out I recommend You need shutter or you might be able to get it through your regular cable on demand. I don't know how long those things stick around, but anyway Thanks for checking out this video. I really appreciate it. If you could do me a quick favor hit that subscribe button Literally painless takes you guys like a second and can mean a lot for my channel growth And that's what I'm looking forward to engage with people more put some comments down there Let me know your thoughts on the show if you've seen it or your thoughts as you go through it Which would be kind of cool if you just kept putting on comments as you're going through your episodes would be sweet But anyway, the big thing is hit that I was gonna say hit that subscribe and then I started thinking about the like thing You can hit the like if you want to but hit the subscribe is the big thing. Thank you for checking this out regardless I really appreciate that and until next time keep it brutal


Chaos is a term we used to introduce scientists to ideas that everybody knows. The scientists were the last people to know about chaos, because everybody knows that little changes in your life can make huge impacts. People have to know what to talk about, the words, they have to know the language in order to be able to describe the phenomena. See, so I think of it as telling physicists and mathematicians and engineers what they should be looking for. And that, in fact, is the role that chaos played, because you'll find no mentions of chaos in the engineering books of 1970, or the mechanics books or electrical engineering books. But now everybody knows about chaos in their own systems. An example of chaos is when you play billiards. Forget about friction of the billiard balls. They just bounce around and they bounce around. That's chaos, where the balls hit each other and then they can diverge into different directions.  That's multi-chaos. It's chaotic in more directions. It's all about little changes growing and growing and growing in size.  And the tiny change causes a little bit bigger change, but maybe not all the time, maybe rarely, but then it can cause bigger changes. On behalf of the butterflies, I have to tell you also that a butterfly flapping its wings can prevent a tornado. Or it might shift the tornado from Texas to Florida. The machine learning can tell you with high accuracy what the state of the system is. And so if I know the initial condition, the state of the system more accurately, if I know more accurately where this billiard ball is, I can predict where it'll be for a longer time. One of the things about the chaos theory you learn is that you don't know what's going to be next. The machine learning that Edward Ott and his colleagues talk about was not something that anybody would predict. And so I like the most interesting areas of science are where I don't know what's going to happen next. And I really don't like to predict. Being a chaos theorist, I don't like to predict the future. Predicting the future is much less important than predicting the present.