The final item of business is members' business debate on motion 14915, in the name of Alison Johnson, on remembering conscientious objectors. This debate will be concluded without any questions being put. I ask those who wish to participate in the debate to press the request-to-speak buttons now. I call on Alison Johnson to open the debate for around seven minutes, please. Just over 100 years on, from the end of the First World War, there have been many events to mark what was then known as the war to end all wars. In communities across Scotland and far beyond, people have been reflecting on the first industrialised war, in which as many as 19 million people died. It is important that we remember, each in our own way, perhaps for different reasons, the millions of people who have died in conflicts in the past, and that we recognise the devastating loss caused by conflicts that continue to rage across the globe today. It is important that we pay our respects, too, to those who object to war on moral, political and religious grounds, because they have made and are still making their own sacrifice. When it became apparent by the end of 1915 that the First World War would be prolonged, that more soldiers were needed, the Military Service Act of March 1916 introduced conscription to the UK. For those whose views, beliefs and conscience demanded of them that they did not fight, conflict with the expectations of government and society was extremely challenging, those who appealed against Military Service faced local tribunals who decided between conscience or cowardice. The first six months of the act saw more than 750,000 cases being heard by tribunals of which only a small number were recognised as legitimate. From March 1916 until the end of the war, only 16,000 men were registered as conscientious objectors and given alternative service of national importance. Conscientious objectors endured ostracism. They risked their livelihoods, their reputations. In 1914, the Order of the White Feather tried to shame men not in uniform into signing up by branding them cowards, presenting them with a white feather. In some cases, their own families could not understand their stance and shunned them, too. Conscientious objectors were forced into highly dangerous jobs. They were used as forced labour. They broke rocks for months on end. They endured brutal conditions in prison where they suffered terrible treatment from warders and other prisoners. 73 First World War objectors died in prison. However, there were also many tens of thousands not then eligible for military service who objected to war and campaigned for peace, including women. The women's peace crusade was founded in Glasgow in 1916, campaigning for an end to war and for a just peace, in particular they campaigned against a punitive peace settlement. Crystal McMillan, a great Edinburgh figure, a pioneer in so many fields, travelled to the Hague in 1915 to participate in a conference of the Women's International League that called on the warring countries of Europe to stop fighting. She went on to be a delegate to the Paris peace conference in 1919, but this principled struggle against war and for peace continues today. Britain was one of the first countries to scrap military conscription, but more than 40 countries around the world still do conscript their citizens into military service. Some of which had previously scrapped the practice and have reintroduced it. It remains the case today that many people are still forced to make a decision between performing a role they object to on sincerely held religious, political or moral grounds, or being punished sometimes with imprisonment. With 50 wars going on around the world right now, tens of millions of people remain active in peace movements. That is why I wholeheartedly welcome the work of the Edinburgh Peace and Justice Centre and others to place in Princess Street Gardens a memorial to conscientious objectors and to all who oppose war. There are 37 war memorials in Edinburgh, eight of them in the gardens, from the Royal Scots monument to the stone commemorating the volunteers from Lothian and Fife who fought in the Spanish Civil War. We rightly remember those who have died in war, but there is no memorial to those who have objected to war and struggled for peace. Several such memorials exist in London. There is one in Cardiff, but none in Edinburgh or in Scotland at all. From conscientious objection in the first and second world wars through protests against the Vietnam War to Scotland's resistance to the Iraq War, our country has a long and proud history of principled objection to war, and it is a long past time that this is recognised in our capital city in Scotland. The Peace and Justice Centre has been working very hard indeed to find the right design for the memorial, to win permission for it to be built and to fund raise to meet the cost of design and construction. I am particularly pleased that a design by award-winning Edinburgh artist Kate Ive has been chosen. Kate has designed a beautiful tree sculpture, a bronze tree sculpture, and it will become the first piece of art by a woman to be on permanent display in Princess Street gardens. The tree's bronze flowers are based on those of the dove tree, and the dove tree's flowers are said to look like handkerchiefs. Kate was inspired by the story of a no-conscription fellowship meeting in London in 1916. In support of conscientious objectors and war resistors, an aggressive crowd was gathered outside, threatening to break in, so the chair asked the 2,000 attendees to wave their handkerchiefs instead of clapping to avoid further angering the crowd. Handkerchiefs were also a common item sent by families to their loved ones fighting on the front lines during the two world wars. There will be a small granite stone at the heart of each flower and the bench that will be built alongside will also be made from Aberdeen granite to commemorate the death of Scottish conscientious objector, 20-year-old Walter Roberts, who died at the dice work camp, where inmates were forced to quarry granite in dangerous conditions. The sculpture, which is intended to be in place by August 2019—that is the centenary of the end of imprisonment of first world war objectors—is intended to be in place by then. I would like to thank the City of Edinburgh Council for its willingness to place, to put the memorial in the heart of this world heritage site, in the heart of our capital city, because it is right that local people and visitors alike are afforded an opportunity to reflect on the possibilities of peace building and conflict resolution, on the traditions of individual liberty and internationalism. Neil Findlay. To say that we hope to get the widest possible support for the proposal. It is important to say that it is not just pacifists who would support the erection of a memorial. There are many people who would, in certain circumstances, agree with taking up arms, taking up conflict, in certain circumstances, but they should be welcome to support that as well. I agree wholeheartedly with Mr Findlay's contribution and welcome it. I would like to thank the City of Edinburgh Council for its willingness to adopt the proposal, because it is right that the opportunity to reflect is available in the city. I want to live in a Scotland where it is globally recognised as a beacon of peace and inclusion. I wrote to the councils to support the proposal last year, and I warmly welcome the progress that has been made. However, there is more to do. I will begin to wind up. I would like to thank the Edinburgh Peace and Justice Centre for leading this effort, along with many other groups. The Muslim Women's Association of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Stop the War, Edinburgh CND, St Thomas of Aquinas secondary school and the Quakers and representatives of some of those organisations are with us in the gallery today. We rightly remember those who have died in conflicts, and so too must we remember those who have and continue to work for peace, because they too sometimes make sacrifices with their own lives and deserve to be remembered, and we all deserve a space in which to reflect on that contribution. We now move to the open debate. Mr Findlay, some of your fellow members found it difficult to hear you, which was fairly unusual. I will pull your microphone in a wee bit, but thank you very much. Speeches of four minutes, please. We are quite tight for time. Bill Kidd, followed by Maurice Corry. Thank you, Presiding Officer, and thank you very much to Alison Johnstone for bringing the topic of conscientious objectures forward for debate. I thank the Edinburgh Peace and Justice Centre and others for their proposals for the memorial. Since the early 20th century, we have seen that the contribution of conscientious objectures took many forms during periods of conscription. The Military Service Act of 1916, which brought in conscription for 18 to 41-year-old unmarried men, stipulated that individuals could appeal to civil courts over the grounds of conscientious objection. Before the Military Service Act of 1916, pacifists, many of whom would become conscientious objectures, protested against the escalating arms race and then against the outbreak of war. According to the opposing war memorial project, many thousands marched on Glasgow green in opposition to the outbreak of what was then called by some, the great war. It is this instinct to stand up for what you believe to be right, which is essential for our democracy. In the context of remembering World War I, how do we recognise conscientious objectures, individuals who face shame and many difficulties in the pursuit of peace? Through the tribunal courts, around 16,000 men, as has been mentioned by Alison Johnson, appealed as conscientious objectures from 1916 to 1918. Many of those men joined the army in non-combatant roles and many others went to prison and labour camps. The opposing war memorial's goal of creating a memorial in Princes Street Gardens is an excellent way of recognising this wide-ranging group of people. It brings to our attention another side of history from World War I, one that is not taught widely or is in the public eye. It echoes, for example, the feeling of 200,000 who demonstrated in Trafalgar Square following the extension of conscription to include married men. Aside from the opposing war memorial, collections of primary sources and personal testimonies of conscientious objectures are also important in helping us to understand the decision to object to the objectionable. In October, the BBC ran an illuminating article detailing the plight of conscientious objectures. In this, a letter recently gifted to Glasgow Caledonian University was highlighted. Robert Cleimie from Kilmarnock, the author of the letter, wrote to his baby daughter, Cathy, in November of 1917. Robert was originally granted exemption from service on the grounds of conscientious objection. However, the ruling was overturned at a later point. Robert was arrested, court-martialed, sent to prison, and in the spring of 1917 he was sent to a Labour camp at Cruich in Argyll near Lochaw to work in forestry. In the letter, he tried to explain to his daughter why he had been imprisoned. That moving letter has now caught the attention of many Scots who otherwise were unaware of stories such as his. Other primary sources tell the stories of those who contributed to the First World War in non-combatant military service. That included running stretchers to wounded soldiers on the front in an effort to save lives, and many lost their own lives in doing so. Others volunteered to help civilians caught within the conflict on the continent. Websites such as White Further Diaries and other online sources provide examples of doctors travelling to France and remote parts of Russia to help civilians with scant medical resources and no-trained medics amidst the throngs of war. History telling through sources, stories and memorials can recognise those whose hearts were turned to peace. That noble end is the common denominator of the wide-ranging testimonies of conscientious objectors who deserve to be remembered. I thank Alison Johnstone for bringing this moment's motion to debate this afternoon in the chamber. I am pleased to speak on the matter of remembering conscientious objectors. Even though we may have our differences of opinion on the need for war, I entirely believe that the memory of conscientious objectors should be honoured and respected accordingly. I welcome the upcoming memorial in Princess Street Gardens, proposed by the Edinburgh Peace and Justice Centre. That will create a space in which conscientious objectors and the value of international peacemakers should be remembered and reflected upon. Let me be clear. Conscientious objectors should have and always should do the right to not participate in war. Conscientious objector is now recognised human right by the United Nations and the European Court of Human Rights, which many countries support. In the First World War, as in any war, conscientious objectors acted by conviction. That could have been founded upon religious belief or political activism, and some disagreed with Government interventions while others believed that it was wrong to kill in any instance. They should always have had that freedom to do this, to purely follow their conscience regarding peace. Their resistance was not harmful or cowardly. It was principled. That is what the memorial in Princess Street seeks to represent, that every person should have the right to offer alternatives to war, such as through conflict resolution or peace building, even though sometimes it may be incredibly difficult. Conscription in Scotland, as well as internationally, would place heavy burdens on conscientious objectors. In the First World War, there were nearly 20,000 conscientious objectors with 235 men from Edinburgh refusing conscription. That figure tripled in the Second World War. Their unfair treatment by authorities and indeed by their own communities should never have happened. That has been referred to already by previous speakers. Tribunals were often unfair in their decision making and failed to make their personal stances seriously. In many cases, conscientious objectors were all still forced into war that they still did not want to be part of. Some were wrongly treated as deserters, which resulted in prison sentences. In total, 6,000 were sent to prison during the First World War, and here they faced harsh and degrading treatment with a minimal doubt. Some endured solitary confinement. Those who went on hunger strike risks the possibility of being false fed, but it is a psychological damage that seems to have had the most important effect on conscientious objectors. They risked a backlash of social isolation in their communities and accusations of betrayal from their own communities. That could foster feelings of shame and doubt in the face of suspicion and pressure. Conscientious objectors should not have been treated as lesser individuals, but valued members of society who serve the nation in other ways and on which they base their principles. Today, it is a relief to know that the conscientious objection is treated more respectfully as it should be. I am glad that in our nation this feeling is no longer the case, and I know that today conscientious objectors here are treated with the thought and care that they deserved years ago. For example, the fact that the armed forces recruitment today is entirely voluntary ensures that every individual within it is not forced to be there and is free to make that choice. We should be respectful of the motivation and belief of both those who choose to join our armed forces and those who do not. Conscientious objectors should not have been treated as lesser individuals but valued members of society and who could serve the nation in other ways. Rather than ignoring the stance of conscientious objection, the memorial will publicly represent their commitment and principles for peace. It is most definitely fitting that the memorial will hopefully be installed by August 2019, the centenary of the end of imprisonment for conscientious objectors during the First World War. I hope that the fundraising efforts will help the project to raise awareness for those individuals amidst the multiple memorials across the capital that remember those who fought in the war. It is right that a space should be created to remember international peacemakers as well as conscientious objectors who face risks based on their principles. To conclude, it is just as important to remember those who died in the war as to remember those who suffered from the opposing war. Despite the differences, as I say, as a veteran myself, the two should go hand in hand, both with sacrifices that point towards hope for peace. That is what I believe that the memorial will represent. Neil Findlay, followed by Patrick Harvie. Thanks, Presiding Officer. When a country goes to war, it is often on the back of a great deal of propaganda, pressure, media coverage and the state influence of public opinion. That is the nature of the build-up to any war, the might of the Government machine and persuasive forces allied to it, a rolled-out to bang the drum and build public support for conflict. The First World War, as Alison Johnstone referred to, is the prime example of that. It is where conscientious objectors came to public consciousness. Those people against that backdrop of impending war took a very brave and principled stance of opposing conflict on the grounds of their moral, religious or political views. They were neither cowards nor deserters nor unpatriotic. The people of great integrity, humanity and deeply held conviction, many of them lost their liberty as a result. Some, driven by strongly held Christian or Jewish or Islamic faith and for groups like the Quakers, the literal interpretation of thou shalt not kill informed their stance. Others, driven by deeply held political principles, and at the forefront of those was the independent Labour Party, one of the founding organisations of the modern Labour Party. Keir Hardy was of course one of the greatest critics of the march to war and played a very prominent role in the anti-war movement. The general secretary of the ILP at that time, Albert Inkpin, said, as a socialist and internationalist, I am strongly opposed to the war, which I regard as arising from the conflict of capitalist interests and as inimical to the welfare of the working class. Given the deaths of so many young working-class men and women, those words were indeed prophetic. The ILP newspaper, The Labour Leader, led opposition to the war, promoting the No Conscription Fellowship. A number of leading Labour movement activists ended up in prison as a result of their anti-war activity. Some are going on to become ILP MPs, people like Fenard Brockway, Emerson Hughes and James Maxson. They were driven by a class analysis of the conflict, a belief that war was about economics, resources and power and that it was always the wealth-owning capitalist class that always declared wars but the working class that were sent to fight them. Gillian Martin recognised that one of the founding members of the Scottish National Party, William Muirhead, was also, along with the people that he mentioned, involved in that effort. Delighted to be informed of that by Gillian Martin, every day is a school day. Their actions were also supported by the likes of Mary Barber, leading the rent strikes in Glasgow and John McLean and Willie Gallagher, leading opponents of the war. Indeed, this week, he sees the 100th anniversary of McLean's release from Peterhead prison, and he had initially been arrested under the defence of the realm act. His aeration from the dock is now famous or infamous, however you look at it. He stated that no human being on the face of the earth, no Government is going to take from me my right to speak, my right to protest against wrong, my right to everything that is for the benefit of my kind. I am not here then as the accuser of capitalism dripping with blood from head to foot. The role of conscientious objectors is a very important part of our social and political history. They should be remembered and acknowledged. The memorial in Princess Street Gardens would join many others, as Alison Johnstone has mentioned and I would refer again to the International Brigades memorial that sits in the gardens. That is why I made the point that it is not just pacifists who support us. It is right that we acknowledge our history and the people who have gone before us and that the memorial to those who stood by their principles and honourably opposed war—the war that was supposed to end all wars—is the right thing to do. I am grateful to have the chance to participate in the debate that is being brought by my colleague Alison Johnstone. The debate, as the memorial I hope will, gives us the opportunity to reflect on some difficult and complicated issues. I have felt conflicted in recent months as we have marked the 100th anniversary of the armistice. It is important to reflect on some of the complexities around that, rather than to have a simplistic commemoration of remembrance almost as though it becomes an unthinking ritual. It is always problematic to judge historical events through today's moral context. That context changes, but it is important when we remember those historical events that we discuss how the context has changed. The First World War was a time before the development of human rights law, before the development of much international law. It was a time in which racist imperialist Governments were absolutely the norm throughout Europe and almost unchallangible in terms of racism and imperialism and the state violence that they felt entitled to perpetrate on their own citizens and on those around the world. Governments felt that they had and were regarded as having the right to round up their own citizens, march them to war and see them sent to their deaths. While accepting that we are judging those historical events from a modern perspective, we have to, especially in moments of shared remembrance, reflect on what has changed as well. One of the first big political events just before I was elected here was, of course, the protests in relation to the Iraq war. I had the opportunity to speak in front of a crowd of 100,000 people taking to the streets in Glasgow marching against that war, a generation that viewed its inalienable right to express its view, its opposition to war and to weapons of mass destruction, as many of us still campaign against. We regarded and people have a right to regard the Government as their servant, not their master in those issues, but I know that it was easy for me to do that. It felt safe and easy. I do not know whether I would have had the courage if I had been born in a previous time, if I had been raised in the years before the First World War. I do not know whether I would have had the courage of what I now regard as my convictions. I do not know whether I would have had the insight to recognise that this was not a war between countries, this was a war being perpetrated by Governments against their citizens, by Governments on both sides against the citizens of both sides. I hope that I would have had that insight and I hope that I would have had that courage, but I cannot know. I can only empathise with those around the world who are still faced with being the subject of war and state violence perpetrated by those who are being armed by our country and others. Those issues are always in my mind when we think about the role of the red poppy and the white poppy, and I will continue to argue that there has to be a place for both in our acts of shared remembrance. Remembrance, yes, has to include a recognition and a reflection on the value and the lives and the memories of those who fought and who lost their lives, whether they regarded themselves as making a sacrifice or whether we regard them as having their lives sacrificed by their own Governments. I regret to say that, as Neil Findlay is probably right, as we see the rise of fascism in North and South America and in parts of Europe at the moment, there may be times again when people are forced to feel that they have no other option but to take up arms against that kind of Government. However, the bravery, the courage, the conviction, the sacrifice and the principle of those who oppose war are absolutely essential to be a part of our shared acts of remembrance just as those who participate in war. I commend the Peace and Justice Centre and all of its colleagues, including the University of Edinburgh, the Iona community, the Muslim Women's Association of Edinburgh and many others, for their work. This memorial, when it is in place, will offer everyone in Scotland the space to do what we are doing now, to reflect on difficult and contested issues in relation to our attitudes to war and to the value of those around the world who work for peace. Mark McDonald, followed by Gillian Martin. Can I congratulate Alison Johnstone on securing this debate? I signed her motion and I am fully supportive of the campaign. On 18 November this year, a play was performed at Dice Parish Church in my constituency. A play entitled This Evil Thing, a solo play written and performed by the award-winning actor Michael Mears, telling the story of Britain's World War I conscientious objectors. The play includes a scene set at the work camp that was established in Dice by the Government in 1916. Alison Johnstone alluded to it in her speech and I want to focus my contribution around the Dice work camp. The camp was established on 23 August 1916 and involved 250 men being transported to Dice to be put to work in the quarries, breaking up granite stones, if essentially to be used in the road building endeavours. The local authority was not informed about what was happening and the press did not find out about the camp's existence until 9 September. Alison Johnstone mentioned Walter Roberts, who died at the Dice camp. Like most workers, he developed a cold upon arrival and on 6 September he dictated a letter to his mother from the camp. I want to quote that from that letter. As I anticipated, it has only been a matter of time for the camp conditions to get the better of me. Bartle Wild is now writing to my dictation because I am now too weak to handle a pen myself. I do not want you to worry yourself because the doctor says that I have only got a severe chill but has reduced me very much. All those fellows here are exceedingly kind and are looking after me like bricks, so there is no reason why I should not be strong in a day or two when I will write more personally and more fully. He died on the Friday of pneumonia during the course of his illness. He had fallen from his bed and spent two hours on the cold floor of his tent, was not seen by a medical professional and therefore was not afforded medical attention in order to possibly save his life. The Aberdeen daily journal reported his death on 12 September but also carried an editorial on the next page about the conscious subjectors. That editorial was headlined Dice humbugs and contained the following passage. The conscious objector in wartime is a degenerate or worse who is out of harmony with the people of the nation which protects him in peacetime and safeguards him in wartime. The no conscription fellowship which champions the shirkers of their duty is under so deep a cloud of suspicion that no fewer than 27 raids by the police have been made within the past week or so on the houses of secretaries and members in the London area. It is interesting to note that rather than focusing on the conditions in which those men were being forced to endure at the camp, the focus was rather on why those men were deserving of the conditions in which they found themselves, and that was the focus that the press chose to take. Future Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald visited the Dice camp himself and reported in Parliament on 19 October 2016 regarding what he had seen. He said, Then take the men at work.  First of all they looked as if every one of them had been 20 years on the road and yet behind it all you saw the intellectual class of the men. It is a strange sort of combination of the intellectual life and the tramp. The men felt it very keenly. One man I talked to about it almost broke down when I tried to joke about his personal appearance. He later said, There were these men about 100 doing work that they were not trained to do, doing what they could not do, doing work that they could not be trained to do, going under the impression that this is national service. The point was that this was dressed as national service but in reality was punishment of conscientious objectors. The camp closed on 25 October 1916 and had been open for only two months. I raised this in the chamber tonight alongside the motion that Alison Johnstone has raised because I grew up in Dice and until I was an adult I knew nothing of this part of our history in our community. It was not talked about. It was not something that we learned about. We learned about the RAF being stationed in Dice during World War II and it was almost as though we could only talk about the aspects of war that were considered to be glorious as part of our history rather than those that ought to give us pause for thought reflection and rightly a sense of shame for what these men had to endure. I support the campaign by Alison Johnstone. I hope that it will help to encourage greater awareness of what happened in relation to the work camp at Dice and in terms of the conscientious objectors movement more widely. Gillian Martin, followed by Daniel Johnson. I thank Alison Johnstone for bringing this important debate and it gives me the opportunity to recognise some of the people who were conscientious objectors. If pacifist movements can change the course of political action, conscientious objectors is a great war. With the genesis of the peace movement, as we know it today, a peace movement which is the bulwark against overzealous Governments and national conscious when ill-advised decisions on aggressive interventions are taken on wars that we have no business been involved in. Alison Johnstone has already outlined the examples of the type of war that I allowed to. It is only right that there is a memorial to those who stood up for peace at a time but that meant being attacked and ridiculed by members of the public and taking away from your family, being imprisoned, being put in labour camps and in some cases being tortured and abused. As we know in some cases, when they were forced into conscription shot and killed by their own Government for refusing to follow orders or suffering trauma. When we talk of bravery, we must not ignore the bravery of the conscientious objectors of the so-called great war. They were brave. They were brave too. They stood up for what they believed in, peace. Heroism takes many forms. Amongst the heroes who fought in the trenches must stand the heroes who fought to stop the senseless war in which so many young men died. In the name of something, we still cannot really put our finger on. We just have to look at the propaganda images and letters to the newspapers of the day portraying those men. The characterisation of them is appalling and offensive. How brave to stand up for your beliefs and face being punished and ostracised from society. Having your family ridiculed as a result as well, which a lot of people forget, it would impact on your whole family. As Mark McDonald's mentioned about the dice camps, just a melby on the board of my constituency, hundreds of English conscientious objectors were sent from prisons to live in horrific conditions. They spent their days breaking granite in a nearby quarry, sleeping a cold wet ground in ragged, damaged tents that had been used in the bore war. Conditions were so bad. We have already heard about 20-year-old man Walter Robert. He really struck me when I was reading about Walter Robert's. Whenever I read about the First World War, the ages of the men really get to me because my son is 20 years old and that is the thing that really sticks in my craw.  Walter died because he had religious beliefs. He was a Christian and that is why he objected to war. He should have been exempted from conscription for that reason, but he was not. I want to close by quoting from a letter from another person who was mentioned in the debate by Bill Kidd, Robert Cleimie. Robert Cleimie had long-held pacifist beliefs and he was not exempted. He was exempted initially, but someone, an ex-army officer, took against the decision so bad that he campaigned to have his exemption overturned. He had been sent to Wyrmood Scrubs. He wrote to his baby daughter that she turned one years old and he missed her first year of life because of his imprisonment. I want to read what he said in his letter to his daughter, but she assumed that she would read later on her life. The first year of your life will in later years be known as one of the worst years in the history of the world, and the most fearful war is raging. The war just now is divided into nations, and the people of each nation believe themselves to be fighting on behalf of their own particular country. However, there are men and women who believe that all men and all women are brothers and sisters. Those people are known as pacifists. I urge everyone to listen to Robert Climie's full letter, which is read by the actor Gary Lewis, who has to go online to find it. It is heartbreaking, but it is heroic. In closing, I want to put on record my thanks to the Edinburgh Peace and Justice Centre for all the hard work that they have been campaigning to give those heroes for peace the recognition that they deserve and going some way, a small way, allowing us to make a small amount of amends for the heartbreak that they and their families endured, along with those who did go to war. The last of the open debate contributions is from Daniel Johnson. Thank you, Deputy Presiding Officer. I, too, would like to thank Alison Johnson for bringing forward this debate, because it is an important one for all the reasons that have been set out by members. It is important to remember not just those who died bearing arms for our country, but also those who fought for the principle of peace. I am very conscious standing here being someone who is of a generation who has had no immediate or even indirect contact with that mass mobilisation that wars in the 20th century brought. I am not my immediate family, nor my grandparents, nor my parents fought. As we reflect on the 100-year anniversary of World War I, I find it truly unimaginable. Much of the memorial and much of the thoughts and the things that have been said about the 100-year anniversary of the First World War have focused on the truly unimaginable experience of that war. That is truly unimaginable. Patrick Harvie set out very well that the industrial nature of that conflict was horrifying but equally as confounding was the rationale for that war. It is not just that I was a bad history student that I do not understand why that war came about. The very fact that it gets hung upon the assassination of an aristocrat in a far-off place explains the complicated, interwoven interests of imperial powers and treaties that brought about a truly horrifying slaughter of millions. I do not understand that and I do not want it to ever be the case that that could justify that situation again. That is why we must remember that. Although World War I did not end all wars, it certainly did bring into being a world order, a different sort of world that we live in today, so that those of us here today have not had to experience mass mobilisation. Conflict may not have been ended, but that sort of global conflict, hopefully, is unthinkable. That is why we must thank conscientious objectives. My politics is based on that fundamental principle of internationalism. I fundamentally believe in a global system of institutions that, hopefully, makes war far less likely, if not impossible, on the scale that we have seen in the 20th century. It is thanks to those individuals that had that courage to stand up for those principles of peace that we have those institutions. I, too, would like to reflect, as Neil Findlay did, on some of the contributions that people from my party made, particularly Arthur Woodburn, who was the Secretary of State for Scotland in the Clement Attlee Government from 1947 to 1950. He was exempt and had a kidney condition and had an occupation that meant that he did not need to serve. Nonetheless, he registered with the authorities as a conscious objector, was imprisoned from 1916 and, in the latter months of the war, went on hunger strike. That is true courage and true conviction to put yourself in that position. I remember him because he stood in Edinburgh South in 1929. That is, perhaps, the importance of the memorial, and it is those twin objectives to remember those who had that courage, who suffered for the courage of their convictions, but to honour that ideal of world peace and the fact that we all need to struggle and strive for it. I, too, would like to thank the Edinburgh Peace and Justice Centre for its work. I truly hope that, before long, we have that memorial in Prince Street Gardens because I think that it is an important one. I call Ben Macpherson to respond to the debate for around seven minutes, please, minister. First, I thank Alison Johnstone for putting forward this motion, allowing us to have this important debate. I think that it has been really an illuminating and interesting debate in terms of their quality, the sensitivity and the depth of contributions, and also the personal reflections. Particularly fitting, a week after St Andrew's Day, where, as Alasdair Macintosh emphasised in his St Andrew's Day lecture on Friday, our patron saint was, of course, an advocate for non-violence and somebody who put that forward. In terms of responding, I will in a moment, I would also like to reflect on some of the contributions from a personal perspective. I was there when Patrick Harvie addressed the protests against the Iraq War in 2003 and I remember that powerfully. I also think of my own family's journey within the building and peacemaking movements. They are some of my relatives' engagement in the Quaker movement and also my great-great-grandfather, Dr Walter Walsh, who was an anti-war campaigner and campaigned against the Boer War with a certain James Kee or Hardy in the 19th century, so I feel very much connected to this debate from a personal perspective, as others are. I am also heartened that there is consensus around the chamber with a shared appreciation for the Edinburgh Peace and Justice Centre and others involved in the project. I would like to pay my own respect and appreciation to the work that you have done, not just on the project but that you do more generally. I have often been inspired by the powerful messages that are portrayed on the outside of St John's. The last four years have seen a nationwide programme of commemorations to mark the centenary of World War I with hundreds of community groups and organisations involved in events, the length and breadth of Scotland to pay tribute to all those involved in the conflict. The Scottish Government commemorations panel, chaired by Professor Norman Drummond, recommended and produced commemorations to mark events and battles of World War I with particular significance for Scotland. Through the commemorations programme, the people of Scotland have learned about the effects of war and its lasting impact on life in Scotland today. It is right that we recognise the impact that this war and other wars had on the whole of Scottish society and the great sacrifices made by hundreds of thousands of military personnel and their families. However, there were also many other individuals and groups in society who were deeply affected by the Great War and others, as we are appreciating today. The sheer scale of those impacted is very hard for us to comprehend. Many of those injured suffered psychologically in a time that often did not fully recognise or support those with mental health needs. Some who suffered from shell shock and other mental health issues were subjected to inhumane treatment and were condemned by society on their return. We also recognise the deeply held views, as we are today, by those who chose not to fight on a range of reasons from religious, political and humanist grounds. Indeed, they also faced similar unfair condemnation by society. Although records are reportedly incomplete, it is estimated that around 16,000 people in the UK were conscious of subjectors in World War 1, and many thousands more in World War 2 until national service ended in the 1960s. The Scottish Government's World War 1 commemorative programme is remembering the broad impact that the Great War had on all parts of Scotland and beyond. Indeed, the Scottish commemorations panel has run several education days, each focusing on a different aspect of war, to accompany those events. To accompany those events, the panel produced booklets on the subject being covered. The first of those in November 2015 covered recruitment, conscription, tribunals and conscious objectors. For example, it told the story of John MacTaggart from Dundee, who claimed exemption from military service as he was politically opposed to the war. He ended up being sent to prison and went on to serve two years and seven months in prison before being released in April 1919. Many different events or groups of people may be commemorated on a memorial. Memorials can commemorate war, conflict, victory, peace, groups and individuals. Alison Johnstone It is clear that the memorial would aid reflection of many issues. It is envisaged that there will be an engagement programme for local schools and so on. I would be interested to learn how the Government might help to assist the realisation of the memorial. Obviously, crowdfunding is going well, but more could be done. I would be grateful if the minister could respond to that. Ben Macpherson Thank you, Alison Johnstone, for that point. In terms of the support for the opposing war memorial planned for Prince of the Street Gardens, as has been said, I am pleased to hear that there is already widespread support for this initiative, both at a local government and at a level and in terms of Edinburgh society and beyond. It has been a long-standing policy for both UK and Scottish Governments that the cost of maintaining memorials-associated products cannot be met from public funds. I am reassured that measures are already in place to raise the funds for its creation. If there are suggestions after the debate that Alison Johnstone wants to put to me and the Government, I would be very happy to receive those in writing and to consider them in due course. Neil Findlay I was listening carefully and he said that there is no finance to maintain, as that includes erect. Ben Macpherson The point is well made. In terms of, as I said, there has been a long tradition, both a policy rather, from the UK and the Scottish Governments around the costs. I cannot commit today to Scottish Government funding support for such a memorial, but, if Alison Johnstone wants to write to me in detail after this meeting, those points around us can be considered in due course and I would be happy to respond to her. Thank you, Neil Findlay, for that intervention. I would like to close by thanking all members for their contributions. The Scottish Government believes that people of all faiths and none must be supported to follow their way of life without fear or discrimination or mistreatment. Will the minister welcome the fact that, for many years now, on mobilisation, it is a clarify of reservists? They are the ones, technically, who are people within our community. Do not get me wrong, regular service personnel do come from our communities, but they are the ones who are very close to the reservists who get called up. We now have a system in which we have a fairly permanent call-up programme to support our various operations overseas and the armed forces. A lot of those operations are actually peacekeeping operations. Nowadays, will the minister agree with me that it is very good that reservists have to volunteer before they are called up? They are actually asked to volunteer before they allow their names to go forward to be called up. Therefore, there is an opportunity to express any reservations that they may have. I acknowledge those points. I think that the points are well made and on the record, and I am certainly sure that those points will be relayed to the relevant minister, Graham Day, for consideration. I would like to stick to the point on the memorial and the content of Alison Johnstone's motion. I would clarify the point earlier, but it covers both the erection and the maintenance. Unfortunately, there is a long-held policy that, at UK Government and Scottish Government level, the costs of erection of such a memorial would not be met from public funds. It is important that, as members have contributed today, people of all faiths and none are able to be supported to follow their way of life without fear or discrimination, and that we value and respect people's freedoms in important matters of consciousness, including peace. As quickly as I can get there, I will join with many others at St John's for a multilingual European Christmas carol service in solidarity with European friends and partners, and to remember that, among other things, the EU has played a very positive force as a force for peace. This evening, I will reflect, as we have today, on the Edinburgh Peace and Justice Centre and all that it does to encourage peace and has done for many years and to promote social justice in Scotland and around the world. In that spirit, I pay tribute to all involved in the Peace and Justice Centre and wish everyone involved—Alison Johnson, other members, and everyone in wider society—very well in the campaign to raise money for a memorial to all those who have been peacemakers, who have stood up so bravely and strongly in that endeavour and who have chosen to stand up for and promote non-violence. I look forward to hearing more about the progress of this very important cause. That concludes the debate, and this meeting is closed.


This is actually two really exciting announcements wrapped into one, so make sure you stay tuned to this entire video. It's only a few minutes long, so what else do you got better to do? What is up everybody? This is Chris from the Rewired Soul, where we talk about the problem, but focus on the solution. And if you're new to my channel, my channel is all about helping you out with your mental health, whether it's depression or anxiety or ADHD or bipolar or borderline personality disorder or trauma, whatever it is. That's what I'm here to help you with, so make sure you subscribe and ring that notification bell. But like you saw in the title, also go and follow me on Twitch. This is a very exciting announcement, and this is for a couple of reasons. Okay, there's two, two very exciting announcements. Okay, so the first reason I'm starting a Twitch channel is because a lot of people have asked me to do a podcast, okay? And I want to do a podcast. I've been meaning to do a podcast, and I need to do a podcast. But a lot of my gamer friends, when I started talking about this, a lot of my gamer friends are like, yo, you need to do this on Twitch. I'm like, all right, I guess I'll do it on Twitch. So I might still do some live streams here there on YouTube, but primarily I'm going to do it on Twitch. And what I hope for the podcast to be is I'm going to try to take things from all of you, right? Your mental health questions or different topics in the news about mental health. Like I don't always cover all of the mental health news.  I try to do some on this channel, but I don't do enough. But I also want to be answering a lot of your questions. But in the format of a live stream, I can also answer your questions live. Some people said I should do like a call-in show, and I don't know how to do that yet. So I'm going to try to learn and see if people can like call in and talk to me and things like that. But anyways, follow me on Twitch because I'm going to be doing it and you can ask questions there.  So many of you leave questions in the comments down below. I've been kind of gathering some, but in this video, leave comments down below. Whatever you're struggling with, leave a comment. Like, are you struggling with depression or anxiety or your parents or addiction or whatever it is? Like leave comments down below. If you don't feel comfortable posting them, feel free to email me or DM me on Instagram or Twitter or whatever it is. All of my information is on the About page. But this is super exciting. So even if you can't catch the live stream, I will have VODs that stands for Video on Demand. So you can go back and rewatch it. But I'm also going to take the audio from that and upload it to podcast format for Apple as well as Android devices, okay? So that's what we're doing with the podcast. So make sure you follow me on Twitch. But here's the other thing. Here's the other thing that is really, really exciting, okay?    So I'm going to be playing Fortnite.  Well, like, I think I've mentioned this in some other videos. I watched these other Twitch streamers like Ninja or Dayquan or Dr. Lupo or Myth and stuff like that. People ask them like life advice and stuff like that. So like, I figured, why don't I multitask and while I'm playing, why don't I just turn my stream on? And if you guys have mental health questions there, like ask me in the chat so that way I can be playing Fortnite and then you just ask me and we can talk. We can have a conversation. And I hope this can build more of a relationship between me and you. But yeah, just hop in and like, I'm really nervous and scared about it because the Chris that you all know from the rewired soul is a lot different than gaming Chris. Okay, there's profanity. I'm very competitive and things like that. So like, it'll be interesting for you to see that other side of me. You'll also see me interact with my gaming friends and stuff. So that's interesting. But like, there's so many good conversations I have with my friends and stuff like just for example, one of my best buddies online, I've never even met him in person, but I met him through a different video game when I first got sober and we've been friends ever since we used to play a game called Dota and now we play Fortnite. But like, and then we started talking about cognitive behavioral therapy and I started giving him advice and things like that. I'm like, here you maybe you could try this or he mentioned needing an accountability buddy. I'm like, okay, man, I'll be your accountability buddy.  So this will give you another opportunity to not only get to know me better and talk to me more, but you'll also be able to communicate with me a lot easier through the Twitch stream. All right, so like, I'm really excited about this. I think it's going to be cool. Like I really want to combine my two passions of mental health and video games together. And I'm really glad that a platform like Twitch is going to allow me to do so. So I just got a brand new computer that allows me to stream. That's one of the reasons I haven't streamed in a long time or ever, especially with video games. But anyways, like go follow me on Twitch. I want to try to get that to a thousand followers. And those of you who don't know what Twitch is, like just download the app. Like I know a lot of you out there aren't gamers, just download the app. If you make an account and you follow me, it will tell you every single time that I'm going live that you can hop in there. So if you're at work or you know, on the bus or whatever, whatever you're doing, they'll say, yo, the rewired soul is live on Twitch. You can hop in there. We can have a conversation.  So I'm super excited about this. The channel's up now. It is not aesthetically pleasing. So it's a work in progress at the time of recording this video. So if you want to be one of the first people to follow me on Twitch and see how this thing grows and blossoms, make sure you head over there right now. There will be a link down in the description. It's just twitch.tv slash the rewired soul. I love you so much. I make things easy for you. You know what I'm saying? All right, but I just wanted to talk about this really exciting announcement. The twitch page is already live. So go follow me over there. And if you like this video, you know what to do. Give it a thumbs up. If you're new, make sure you subscribe. Click or tap over here to watch another video or go check out the rewired soul merch shop. Do what you got to do. I love you all and I can't wait to see you over on Twitch.


Hi everyone, Joe for JaspysCaseBreaks.com coming at you with a Prism basketball solo pack. This is break number 98 with 10 of those gold rush Autograph Jersey spots being given away. That's that random player break on JaspysCaseBreaks.com So first dice roll renewed the break itself and the second dice roll will be for the giveaway as you know By now, let's roll it randomized names and teams six and a one seven times one two three four five six And a one seventh and final time six and a one seven times for the teams one two three four Six and seven the final time All right, here's the first half of the list right here And here's the second half of the list Right there. No trade windows in these filler packs. Let's just get on with it Get to that giveaway part as quickly as possible and look at this nice start LeBron James The silver versions of these still sell pretty well. That's a solid one, too Jeremy Lam silver Belitza green Trey Jones and the red white and blue Josh Hart Marquise Chris and an OB top it red white and blue not bad For a filler pack that goes to Sean Peterson and New York Knicks There you go. The LeBron also goes to Sean as well. All right Now let's flip back over here. Let's gather everybody's names again and see who's gonna get into the to that gold rush Autograph Jersey break, which is a multi player multi sport break random player top 10 after six two and a four good luck one two three four Five and sixth and final time after six So from 11 on down sad times, but we've got to do At least one more of these Possibly two but for now one so you can try again. Jasper's case breaks.com. Thank you Happy times for the top 10 Sean Allen Sean Sean Sean Alan Allen Allen Allen Brennan and Eric congrats to you. You are in I'm Joe for Jasper's case breaks calm and I'll see you a little bit later tonight for that break. Bye. Bye


Is there really such a thing as junk miles? And could riding these junk miles ruin your training?  This is a concerning prospect. No one wants to waste their time on the bike, but depending on who you ask, different riders have different opinions about what exactly a junk mile is. Some might say that it's when you're just noodling around and not really going that hard. Others might say it's when you're going kind of hard but not really hard enough to be considered a hard ride. And I'm sure other interpretations exist as well. Today, we're gonna dive into the science to see if there really is a type of riding or intensity that should be avoided and at what point your training goes from productive to unproductive and is better left tossed in the bin. I'm gonna guess that at the point that you actually start to have fun riding your bike, then you're doing something wrong. Seems like something this guy would say. Let's start with the first question. Oftentimes when people are talking about junk miles, they're referring to a specific intensity of training and intensity here is referring to how hard you're training. So is there an intensity that you should avoid if you want to improve? Well, this is actually the theory behind polarized training. I've talked about polarized training a number of times on this channel, but for those that don't know under strict polarized training, you would spend a lot of time riding easy, a little bit of time riding hard and very little to no time riding at a moderate pace. Under the polarized model, moderate training is what would be considered junk miles. This intensity lies in between the point at which your blood lactate levels first start to rise at 75 to 80% of your FTP and when your lactate levels spike, which is at your FTP. And if you've watched any of my videos on polarized training, then you already know that there is a good sized body of research to support polarized training as the best approach. I would say more so than any other training approach out there. Whenever polarized training is put to the test against more traditional training models, polarized almost always comes out on top. For example, it's been shown in Ironman triathletes that more time spent training at a moderate intensity was correlated with poorer race performance and polarized training has even been shown to produce better results in time crunched athletes who only have six to eight hours per week to train, which are exactly the kind of athletes that usually fall into the let's make every ride hard trap. If you're still unconvinced about the effectiveness of polarized training or you're still unclear about what exactly it is, then I've left links to videos that go into more detail down in the description below. Getting back to our junk miles question though, it would seem that if polarized training is the most effective way to train and there's certainly evidence indicating that it is, then this moderate intensity at 75 to 100% of your FTP would be considered junk miles. At best, it's a waste of your time and at worst, it's actively making you slower. However, this is where the commonly referred to tempo and sweet spot zone lie. And yet tempo and sweet spot workouts remain common amongst cyclists and other endurance athletes. This begs the question, should we avoid these zones at all costs or perhaps just limit our time in them? This is where pyramidal training comes in. Pyramidal training is similar to polarized training in that a large amount of your training time is spent riding easy, 80% or more. But what you do with that remaining 20% is where pyramidal differs, spending some time at a moderate intensity and a smaller amount of time at high intensity, essentially forming a pyramid with your intensity. Who would a guest? And while there isn't as much research on pyramidal training as there is on polarized training, the research that we do have looks very promising. For example, in this study on half Ironman triathletes testing polarized versus pyramidal, they found that both training prescriptions showed a significant positive effect and pyramidal even outperformed polarized in the running results. They state that although most of the training volume was carried out at a low intensity, moderate intensity is still relevant and should not be discarded. Further research comes to the same conclusion. Both polarized and pyramidal training seem to be the most effective and it does appear that most elite endurance athletes train in a pyramidal manner. This would seem to indicate that moderate training isn't necessarily junk miles. You can design an effective training program that includes moderate intensity in it. And I would argue that for certain athletes trained for certain events, this is actually the better option even over polarized training. What seems to be more important is your time spent at this intensity. It seems clear from the research that you can absolutely overdo it with moderate intensity training. And when you do that, your fitness will start to suffer. So if we want to get specific here, there isn't one intensity that is automatically considered junk miles. A good training plan can have a full range of intensities included in it, but the distribution of these intensities is critical, particularly with moderate and high intensity. Spend too much time riding kinda hard or very hard and this training time could absolutely be put in the junk miles bin because it's a waste of your time and could even be making you slower. So we've established that the amount of time that you spend training in these zones is important. But I would also argue that the way that you arrange these zones throughout your training is equally important. For example, let's take two riders that I made up for the sake of this video. The first rider, let's call him Rider One, doesn't follow a plan. He just kind of rides hard when he's on a climb or when someone passes him on the bike path and then everywhere else, he just sort of noodles around. Yeah, Rider One definitely f***s. Miraculously, this actually has him training in a pyramidal distribution with 80% of his time riding easy, 15% riding moderate and 5% riding hard. Then we have Rider Two, who follows a training plan and if he has an easy day, he keeps it easy, no matter who passes him on the bike path or who just stole his KOM. He also has two days in the week where he does structured intervals so that his distribution ends up being the same with 80% easy, 15% moderate and 5% hard. All else being equal, I would 100% put my money on Rider Two to make greater fitness gains than Rider One. And here's why. Though both of these riders have the same training intensity distribution, Rider One is turning on his autonomic nervous system or his body's stress response every single day or at least every single time that he rides while Rider Two is only turning it on twice a week. This is because riding above the first ventilatory threshold has been shown to act like a binary threshold for ANS slash HRV recovery. In this study, riding at a moderate intensity or riding at a high intensity produced identical delays in HRV recovery that were not observed when subjects rode at a low intensity. Essentially what this means is that this threshold that separates easy and moderate training, which again lies at 75% to 80% of your FTP depending on the rider, kind of acts like a on-off switch for your body's stress response. Stay below this point and you're keeping your stress levels low but go above this point and you've now significantly increased your stress response and delayed recovery. Now, obviously you need to stress your body in order to make improvements. That's literally what training is but significantly stress your autonomic nervous system every single day or every single time you go for a ride. And this is the kind of thing that could lead to overtraining and burnout. You may be able to get away with it for a week and feel fine but do it for a month or a couple months and you could start to hit a fitness plateau. If we go back to our example riders, rider one was turning on this stress response every time he left to go for a ride while rider two was only turning it on when it was absolutely necessary which was twice a week during his interval days. When you put it that way, it doesn't take a rocket scientist to try to figure out which rider is gonna be more fatigued after a month of training like this, even though both riders spent the same amount of time training in their respective zones. Therefore, I would throw these rides that don't really have a purpose that are completely unstructured where the intensity is all over the map in the junk miles category. Sure, sprinting randomly up a climb or going after a short KOM and then just putzing around the rest of the time may keep things fun and interesting but these rides that aren't easy enough to be an easy day and aren't hard enough to be a hard day are likely hurting your progress. See, what did I tell you at the beginning of the video? I know this guy too well, unfortunately. And this isn't the same thing as doing tempo intervals which is an intensity that's not that hard but also not that easy. You rack up a good amount of time at this intensity to induce adaptation and then you follow that up with easy days afterwards to recover. You could even combine a hard interval session with a longer, easier endurance ride so that the distribution of the ride is mixed but if you go over that first threshold then it should be considered a hard day and you should try to get the most out of it instead of just sort of half-assing it so that you feel like you did something when you get back home. So we've been spending the majority of this video talking about the gray zone between easy and hard riding and the nuances of whether or not that's considered junk miles but is there a point at which your training is too easy and while not overly stressful it is just a waste of your time? The answer is yes. Most training zone models put the top of your zone one and the bottom of your zone two around 55% of your FTP. It's been observed that very little adaptation is made when your training intensity is this low and on your endurance ride days you really wanna be spending as much of the ride as possible in your actual endurance zone at 55 to 75% of your FTP. You may choose to ride at the higher end of the endurance range if your legs feel good or if you've just got a short ride to do and you may choose to ride at the lower end of the endurance range if your legs don't feel that great or you've got a longer ride to do but if you're spending a significant amount of your ride below 55% of your FTP that probably isn't a particularly good use of your time and if you're so tired that you can't even hold above 55% of your FTP then the solution is likely recovery not to just push through it. So I'm sure the question on a lot of people's minds right now is what about recovery rides? Are those useful or not? And the honest answer is that, I don't know and that's simply because there isn't a lot of research on whether recovery rides are effective or not. Most of the research done on active recovery looks at how well it works when done between hard efforts, not done on a day that you would otherwise not ride your bike. This is a question that I asked Steven Seiler who's a leading endurance sports researcher and this is the answer he gave. I'm gonna be honest with you, if you are really tired and you really say I just want to pedal as slow as I can, then I would say well then why don't you just stay on the sofa and watch reruns or something and really rest. He did say later in the interview though that elite athletes do these kinds of rides so maybe at that level there may be some utility to it. However, I think this is an area where you can do your own experimentation. See if you feel better after doing a recovery ride or completely taking the day off. You know, I've actually done that experiment. Let me see if I can pull up the results real quick. All right, yeah, here we go.  Well, I'm just reading the results of the study. That being said, if you're gonna do a recovery ride, please for the love of God or the spirit of gravel or whatever it is that you worship, actually stay in your recovery zone the entire time and there is no need for a recovery ride to be over an hour. I would 100% put recovery rides that are two or three plus hours long and where you're mashing up a climb for no apparent reason in the junk miles category. No need for any interpretation or nuance there. Thanks for watching. If you wanna step up your training, then I have online training plans available on both training peaks and today's plan. And for a more personalized plan, I also have coaches available as well, both linked down in the description. If you enjoyed this video, be sure to give it a like, subscribe and share this video with your cycling friends. See you in the next one.


Γεια σας! Είμαι Βικη και καλώς ήρθω στο δεύτερο κλείδι της CREATE 8 για το μήν. Λοιπόν, θα ξεκινήσω για την πρώτη καρδιά με αυτή η αδερφότητα στάνψη. Αυτό είναι το σκυσσό σκρήτων και θα χρησιμοποιήσω ένα από τους πόλες που είναι σκυσό. Θα στάνψω με τον εγγραφό μου. Αυτό είναι ένα εγγραφό σκυσό, οπότε θα χρησιμοποιήσω τα μυαλκότητα μου για να χρησιμοποιήσω όλα. Και μετα θα πω χωρίς και χρησιμοποιήσω τα μυαλκότητα να τα χρησιμοποιήσω. Λοιπόν, θα χρησιμοποιήσω ένα λίγο σκυλό εδώ και θα εγγραφίσω σε ένα πέιλ-βλού ρεκταγλ όπως το σκυ. Θα στάνψω στον πόλος αυτήν υπέροχο να είναι το σκυσό μου. Και μετά θα χρησιμοποιήσω ένα από τους πόλες του πόλου που είναι σκυσό. Και θα στάνψω αυτό στον πόλος. Now, to cut out the slope I used one of the oldest dies that have been released by my favorite things, the Heat the slopes one and I've also used the layering snowflakes from this release which is a dies sent packed with different sizes of snowflakes.  I'm going to stick them down and I'm adding just a dot of glue στο σέντερο της σνόβληξης. Αυτό θα δημιουργήσει τα κομμάτια της σνόβληξης για να παίρνει και θα δημιουργήσει έναν κομμάτι, ώστε να δεν θα σκέψει τελευταία σκέψη στον κομμάτι μου. Για το σημαντικό, έγινε με το ένα που λέει ότι είσαι σνόχουλ και νομίζω ότι αυτό θα είναι ένα καλύτερο καρδί για ένα παιδί ή ένα κομμάτι, σπέσης αν έχουν ένα βιντερό παιδί και θα τελειωθώ με ένα λίγο σπάρκλ γιατί θα χρησιμοποιήσω νομίζω και αυτό είναι λαγκό παιδί το τραγείς σαν σκέψη, αλλά θα πιστεύει σπάρκλ έχει σκέψη στον κομμάτι έγινε ένα κομμάτι στο σέντερο της σνόβληξης και θα πιστεύω έναν κομμάτι δυο κομμάτια της σκέψης και τελειώ θα σκέψω αυτό στον κομμάτι μου MyKartB Normally is wide σαν αλυκό κατάλλημα that's for она 1 ¼ X 5 1 ½ Now for the next card I'm going to combine two different stamp sets from the same release and I'm going to use the you make my heart melt and the other one that's called you make my heart spin that both have pretty much the same proportions So I can mix and match images from both those stamps and as you can see I'm going to use one of the dies για να κουρω τη δύο μου.  This is fine glitter. It's called blue paradise and it's by NOVO. It's a gorgeous γι' αυτό το τραγμό και εγώ really wanted to have my eyes blue instead of white which would normally be just because I wanted this to be the focal point and to really grab the eye on my card. K investigation the little winter wonderland that I am creating, little owls and birdies will be ice skating on top of that so I don't think that anything really has to be too realistic. Δεν θέλεις να χρησιμοποιήσεις κλίτερα σε your projects, μπορείς να κλείσεις εύκολα και κλώσεις πίσω από κάποια αξιότητα. Και αυτό είναι ακόμα τι κάνω εδώ. Οπότε με το μπιλό της κόμπας, θα δώσω ένα πίσω της αξιότητας. Λοιπόν, όταν χρησιμοποιήσω πάνω από το κλίτερα, θα το κλώσεις πάνω και κλώσεις πάνω. Και όταν η ρεσίπινη χρειάζει αυτή η καρδιά, δεν θα σκέψει πάνω όλα τους. Η πιστήση είναι ότι αυτό είναι ένα κλίτερα πάνω και θα σκέψει καλύτερα στον κόμπι της κόμπας, αλλά θα θέλω να σας δείξω αυτή η ευκολία. Πριν θα σκέψω τα ψάδια μου, θα θέλω να βάζω ένα λίγο νέο νέο για το βασί μου. Και θα θα χρησιμοποιήσω για το σχέδιο της ομπρέλου, ώστε να έχω ένα πιο νέο νέο στο βότο. Και όταν θα πάω στον κόμπι, θα έχω βασί. Και μπορείς να κάνεις αυτό με ένα κόμπιλό σπίτι, αλλά θα βρεις ότι με αυτά τα ψάδια, το κάνει πολύ εύκολο. Και εδώ είναι πώς αυτό θα σκέψει και θα αρέσει το σχέδιο από το κλίτερα, όπως και από το ασχέδιο. Νομίζω ότι έγινε το σχέδιο της ομπρέλου που θα ήθελα. Τώρα θα θα χρησιμοποιήσω ένα κόμπιλό κόμπιλό στον κόμπιλό και θα σκέψω αυτή η ευκολία στον κόμπιλό μου. Και θα θα χρησιμοποιήσω τα δύο κόμπιλες που είχα μιλάει. Τώρα θα χρησιμοποιήσω τα δύο κόμπιλό μου και θα χρησιμοποιήσω τα δύο κόμπιλες μου, και θα χρησιμοποιήσω πίσω στοιχουργούνους προς κάθεξη, αλλά θα βράσω τα σχέδια και θα κει endangered. Νομίζω ότι θα νομίζω τα κρίτια πιο χτυπές, γιατι θα πάω με τα ολόγερες και τα παιδιά, στον χωρίς και οι μπανίες. Θα κοιμήσαω καραγή με αυτή την φαétια που was όλο οτοκλειφανή. Cisco's and then I used my alcohol markers to color everything.  And depending on the color that you choose for coloring all the little pieces, you can turn it easily into a Christmas card. I went with more cold colors and I just love those trees. ναroy them with mainly Green blue in t As you can see the little house you can easily turn it into a gingerbread house and one tip that I can give you when I create scenes like this I always like to have elements that stick out of the panel that I'm working on It always gives more interest to the Starbucks if there is something going on outside of the space that you are looking at Now I'm going to find a place for all those little creatures to ice skate. After playing around a little bit with those little guys, I decided where everything is going to go. So I'm going to add some tape adhesive at the back of this panel and I'm going to stick it on top of my card base. The card base by the way is a standard card, just like always a four and a quarter by five and a half. Now I am going to stop the sentiment and I decided to go with one that says have an ice day. I think that's really adorable and I really think it's a lovely card to send on a winter day to a friend that you just want to say hello. Now I'm going to stampa this on a curve following the curve of my snow bank just to add something different on the card instead of having the sentiment straight on as usual. And finally I'm going to finish off the card by adding some glitter with my blizzard white blizzard nuvo drops on different parts of the trees. Now for this card I'm going to create an elegant card but I will be using a stamp which is called friends in the forest from the latest release which is more on the cutie side. So I wanted to show you how you can use stamps from such stamp sets to create something more elegant. It doesn't have to be cute. So these stamp sets really are very versatile. If you look them from another angle. Now in this stamp set there are three different trees and I'm going to stamp one after the other and I'm stamping everything with Versa markings so that I can apply embossing powder. So I'm using a gold embossing powder there just because I think that white and gold really make a very elegant card. But think of that in silver you can think of that in red or in green even very christmasy ones that will look very elegant at the end. After heat setting my images and you can see the beautiful shine here I'm going to use the matching dies to cut out everything so that I can pop them on top of my card. And just like I did yesterday I'm going to use one of those deco papers by Tim Holtz and I'm going to stick that directly on at the center of my card base. And then I'm going to stick all the trees on top of my card by adding some foam squares at the back so they will have a little bit of dimension. When you try to create an elegant card always try to minimize the number of colors that you are using. So in this card I am sticking with gold and white and since I used this glitter paper for my background I'm not able to stamp something on top for my sentiment. So I will use a die cut this word joys from a previous release by my favorite things and thinking it's from their October release.  And finally let's move on to the last card for today. Well now I'm cheating I'm not making a card instead I'm going to make a little Christmas gift tag. So I used this tag from the previous release and I have cut it out of white cardstock and dark red cardstock and I'm just doing the assembly there. I used this tag in a previous video so you might want to check that out. It's a video where I did the stitching and I will make sure to link to that video at the end of this one. So I am going to work with that little girl and she's totally one of my favorites. I am always anxious to see what she will be doing on the next release and this time she's holding a Christmas stocking so I'm going to stamp here with black ink and then I'm going to use my alcohol markers to color here and as always I will use the matching ties to cut her out. Now this project I didn't want to introduce more colors than white and red. So I kept her dress quite white. I only added a few light gray shadows to give the dimension and now I will go ahead and start assembling my tag so I have cut out one snowflake from the layering snowflake's die set and I'm going to stick that underneath, coming underneath from here so I'm trying to create a little cluster where I will be able to stick my sentiment later on. Now as you can see I have already prepared the sentiment. It's just a strip of paper but I have stamped Be Merry and the sentiment comes from a little last stamp set which is packed with Christmas sentiments that I used yesterday also a couple of times and it's the Snow Gloop sentiments.  So this is going to dry totally clear but it's going to leave that sparkle and shine that I want since it has glitter inside and I'm going to try to catch the light for you so you can see all the shine on the stocking and on her dress. I threaded a little white ribbon and added a jingle bell at the top and now my little tag is ready. Now let's take a quick look on all the cards that I created for Create 8 this month. Using products from November released by my favorite things. So here are the four cards that I made today well the three cards and the little tag and here are the other tags well you see that I removed the antlers from this little deer well it's a dough after getting all those messages yesterday I didn't pay attention to that and these are all the rest of the cards. I hope you had fun you got inspired leave me below a comment and let me know which one was your favorite thank you all so much for watching and for all the lovely comments I will see you all tomorrow with a very fun release and very inspiring blog hub and lots of giveaways so stay tuned.


Reserves for your pleasure and now Roma Wines R.O.M.A. Roma Wines present Suspense! Tonight Roma Wines bring you Miss Ava Gardner in Lady in Distress a suspense play produced edited and directed for Roma Wines by William Spear Suspense! Radio's Outstanding Theatre of Thrills is presented for your enjoyment by Roma Wines that's R.O.M.A. Roma Wines those better tasting California wines enjoyed by more Americans than any other wine for friendly entertaining for delightful dining yes right now a glassful would be very pleasant as Roma Wines bring you Ava Gardner in a remarkable tale of suspense! The rain was coming down in torrents washing huge streaks of gravel from the hill sides onto the road was getting dark and I was beginning to worry I've been waiting nearly an hour and then I saw it he was edging along the side of the road his coat collar turned up against the rain coming toward me I eased the car into gear and drove up toward him he had no raincoat on and he must have been walking for quite a ways because he was soaked through dripping with the rain he stuck out his hand when he saw me and I stopped you're going to town by the lower road is that alright that's even better thanks lady out of the corner of my eye I looked him over he was fairly young a little pale and nervous there was no real fear there and it was a lot of strength of a kind the kind I liked it's a miserable-looking world and I but it's great to be out on it maybe you're right I know I'm right it'll somebody takes the privilege away from you at going where you want to go and doing what you want to do and you know how good it is to be out you use the word out twice did you just get out of someplace yeah where that's my business sorry yeah so am I shouldn't be so touchy with you and nice to me get me right only if I told you where I came from it might frighten you I don't think it would look at there's only one place a guy like me would get out jail they call it the state penitentiary oh yes I passed it a half hour ago did you just get out just got out this morning this morning this is Sunday so what the state penitentiary doesn't release men on Sunday only on weekdays well they released me you think I broke out maybe you're wrong and maybe you're right what are you jumping for I'm just racing for a cigarette mind if I smoke no no you can smoke cigarette no thanks what are you getting nervous about I'm not nervous see I told you if you knew where I came from you'd be frightened it's natural why did you tell me I just felt like talking I haven't talked to a lady for a long time like it yeah I do I don't think I ever talked to one quite like you before what do you mean quite like me you know what I mean you know what you got on a ball every bit of it like that I could try don't get me wrong I don't usually pick people up okay relax I'm not gonna do anything to you just drive me into the city and let me off of course it would be nice if you didn't say anything to anybody about picking me up I won't say anything what do you turn it in here for I'm hungry I haven't eaten anything all day you can wait a little while longer we have 90 more miles to drive and I'm going to get a sandwich now let's just understand you know what this says don't you it's a gun and it shoots don't forget that I won't okay on your way whether for ducks huh folks yeah you were all alone in here Mac yep glad you dropped in suppose you're in a hurry to get home though back to the kitties and the mother-in-law huh yeah now what do you have coffee and a hamburger please like it's coming up everything on those birds sure well what's a little onion among friends excuse me a minute hey where you going if you're going over to use that telephone lady you might just as well not bother it's out of order I'm trying to get it I wasn't going to use a phone I was going to get some cigarettes you don't say I knew he didn't believe me he didn't say anything but the way he looked at me I could tell we finished our hamburgers and I paid for them and then went back to the car what you want to make a telephone call for I wasn't going to wasn't because of me wasn't I told you I wasn't going to make a call I just wanted some cigarettes you turned down my cigarette a little while ago they were the wrong brand you bought the same brand I offered you who are you trying to kid beautiful oh let's not talk about it it's not important what are you going to do now that you're out you got a job to do you got to take care of somebody you mean your family no somebody I got to buy a coffin for it's a matter of fact I'm not even gonna buy the coffin I'm just gonna make it easier for somebody to get one sounds an awful lot like you mean you're going to kill somebody it's as easy as that I am why I told you I just got out of prison didn't I we don't want to get back in it doesn't happen to make much difference you see there isn't much useful after my life I'm through revenge huh yeah well these debts subtle the guy could die happy that's a strange philosophy is it what are you driving so fast for I'm in a hurry I have to get home it's okay with me so I get this thing over the better get what over hey that's a cop that's what you get for driving so fast I didn't realize it pull over if I ask any questions tell them I'm your brother see your brother I will say anything you'd be sorry for beautiful going pretty fast for these wet roads lady I'm sorry I really didn't realize it skidded into a telephone call you would have let me see your license must be here somewhere that's your husband no no that's my brother oh here's the license thanks I've seen this name before I don't know oh sure your husband's in the department isn't he well yes he is nervous about something no no I'm just tired okay but just take it easy from now on here's your license I will thanks a lot so your husband's in the police department yes maybe you'll get a promotion for catching you don't be foolish nobody's gonna catch me unless I want him to not even you beautiful what did you mean about my husband about his getting a promotion well just between you and me you know what I mean as somebody I gotta take care of is also in the department what department don't act dumb the police department keep your eyes on the road I am you weren't you were looking at me what do you expect me to do you don't exactly make me comfortable sitting there you recognize me didn't you didn't shit I'm not sure yes you are and that could be a mistake believe me I don't know who you are anything about that's a lie stop looking at all right I'm gonna kill Ralph Harris I don't want to know anything about it yes you do you know Ralph pretty well no no I don't I never heard of it stop dummy enough I saw the license when you handed over cop I'm gonna kill your husband Mrs. Harris you know it back a few miles on the road I could see it the way you looked at me you know somehow I get the idea you're not gonna mind that like you should why don't you say something I can't think of anything now that you know I think you and me are gonna have to have a little understanding what are you doing nothing just racing for your pocket but I only have $10 in it I don't need money that bad then what I'm gonna get your address women carry more things here it is 627 military huh here you can have your pocket book back I'm gonna take the license I want to make sure I don't forget what are you gonna do with me I haven't quite decided yet beautiful I haven't quite decided I glanced over at him again I knew he meant it exactly he hadn't quite decided things had gone far enough from here on out I had to make it convincing or else look Sullivan oh so you don't know my name yes I know your name I remember you I was the trial they framed you did he tell you that they didn't have to the whole department knew it they needed a conviction and you were it that's what I thought you know a lot don't you listen suppose I told you that you were right in what you said a minute ago that I hated my husband I hated him as much as you do that I'd hated him for years what do you think I'd say it was a stall to save your own neck that's what I thought that's why I wanted to get acquainted first first before what what doesn't it seem a little funny to you my just happening to run into you this way the wife of the man you've sworn to kill on the very day you break out of prison who says I broke up I know someone who knows red folly he was your contact on the outside that helped your planet wasn't it wasn't beautiful I don't know how you got this what do you think red folly got the money you tell me I'll tell you I want you to kill my husband I'll even help you for suspense Roma wines are bringing you ever gardener in Lady in distress Roma wines presentation tonight in radio's outstanding theater of thrills suspense between the acts of suspense this is Truman Bradley for Roma wines there's a reason more Americans enjoy Roma than any other wine it's because Roma gives you more enjoyment for your money yes in all Roma wines you enjoy an important difference an extra dividend in fuller bouquet richer body and better taste to bring you better tasting wine Roma selects from California's choicest grapes then with ancient skill and wine making resources unmatched in America Roma master ventures guide this great treasure unhurriedly to tempting taste perfection these choice wines are placed with mellow Roma wines of years before and from these reserves the world's greatest reserves of fine wines Roma later selects for your pleasure so to enjoy more pleasure for your money insist on Roma that's our OMA Roma California wine and whether your favorite is sherry port or muscatel you'll find Roma your best buy in good taste and now Roma wines bring back to a Hollywood soundstage Eva Gardner as Evelyn Harris with Howard Duffer Sullivan in Lady in distress a tale well calculated to keep you in suspense he was beginning to believe me now when I told him that I knew who'd helped to make the prison break when I told him that I'd put up the money for it when I told him that the man he wanted to kill was the man I wanted to kill when I told him that man was my own husband we drove along for quite a while without saying anything then I pulled into a gas station the idea coming in here you don't need gas you still don't trust me do you I don't know look soluble I have to make a phone call to my husband I'm not that dumb beautiful but I have to call them I told him I would I don't you'll think something's wrong you can listen all right I wasn't where's your phone oh it's just inside the door thanks it's right in here lady right on the wall right on the wall there lady got your nickel look I know how to use the phone you don't have to act like you're awesome well this is Evelyn I'm 25 miles from the city the rain slowed me up I know but I didn't everything all right yes everything's all right well I'm glad to see you're getting some sense in your head we won't take long no Ralph from now on I don't think you have a thing to worry about we drove on into town then I didn't say anything more another did Sullivan but I know I had it he was still playing cautious but I know I had it well here's where I let you off oh the rain's almost stopped okay but listen beautiful don't try to double cross me I won't double cross you you'd make a mistake if you did Sullivan yeah my husband always keeps his car in the garage every night just as it gets dark he walks into the garage to get the car alone you know you're quite a dish beautiful and there's no light in the garage come here good night beautiful there's only a few more blocks to the house Ralph was waiting up for me and he seemed genuinely happy to see me month ago Ralph and I had one of our usual fights and I went north to stay with my mother but I realized that I couldn't stay with her forever and the only thing left for me to do is to come back and I hated it crawling back to a man who had no heart who ran his home like the lock-up pen down at police headquarters but I had no choice Ralph was smug about my coming back as I knew he would be I kept wondering if Sullivan was actually going through with it two days later I knew morning Mrs. Harris get inside someone might see you how did you know I was alone I got friend your husband's working right now he won't be home for five hours what do you want Sullivan let's not act like children I said I was gonna kill your husband and I'm not it what are you coming here for at this time of day see this little box yeah when you do the wrong thing with it it blows up all I do is put this under the hood of somebody's car hook it up to the starter and when somebody gets in his car to drive off somewhere all he does is step on the starter and he doesn't have to worry about driving a car ever again let's go out to the garage beautiful we went out to the garage Sullivan hooked the explosive up under the hood of Ralph's car then after a while he went away all the rest of the day I was nervous and worried the last minute I even wanted to go out and disconnected but I didn't was foolish to be nervous it all gone along fine so far the time Ralph came home I was composed and tried not to show that anything was any different than it always was after dinner Ralph was doing some paperwork and a house breaking case these reports are a nuisance anything I can do to help you know you know less about these reports and I do well I just thought maybe there might be something well there isn't so stop bothering right Ralph there is something you can do what go out and get the car and bring it around the front no what what are you looking so surprised about soon as I finish the report I want to run down to the station did it save time if you got the car out I I'd rather not what's the matter with you I have trouble getting out of the driveway it's too narrow you've taken the car out a hundred times what are you talking about well Ralph I I've got a cold coming on I'd rather stay inside put a coat on it isn't cold out anyway I don't want to drive your car look the least you could do is help me out once in a while when I asked you to have a nose you never do anything for me anyway I won't say that much time get the car out before I get mad all right Ralph if you want me to I'll get the car what could I do I went out and opened the garage doors and put it around for a few minutes and slammed the door a couple of times and I went back in the house well well what Ralph is the car out in front wouldn't start what do you mean it wouldn't start I don't know it just wouldn't start the motor wouldn't oh you give me nothing but trouble this is my fault at your car all right all right forget it why don't you go out and try it yourself because I won't that's all I've been having trouble with my battery it's probably run down again if it wouldn't start for you it won't start for me I'll look at it tomorrow sometime I'll do what you want wait a minute excuse me I have some reading to well wait a minute what do you want call up headquarters and have them send the crews around for me I could hardly sleep that night why of all times that Ralph have to ask me to get his car it's almost as if he suspected I knew we'd have to get the car sometime but I was afraid he might check over the car and find out what was wrong with it and discover the mechanism or he might send a mechanic out from a garage to look at it and an innocent person would be killed and I was afraid of Sullivan by this time terribly afraid I was exhausted from nervousness and lack of sleep when I got out of bed the next day Ralph had breakfast and went off to work in the police cruiser I didn't dare go near the garage I didn't dare do anything except just wait yes Sullivan speaking hello papers and I haven't seen anything about your husband yet yes I know what happened well last night he didn't take the car why not I don't know why not he just didn't that's all Mrs. Harris you wouldn't try to stall me would you know I swear that's what happened he left the car and he left the house in a police cruiser he didn't take his car they're in check up myself your husband isn't home is he no he won't be home for three hours okay beautiful you can expect me well you could at least who did you expect Winston Churchill well it isn't time for you to be home who said there was a certain time for me to be home you don't usually get home this early well there wasn't much doing today I have a few hours coming to me what's the matter with you nothing why are you nervous about something don't tell me you have a boyfriend hiding in the closet you may look if you want to I wouldn't bother all right come on come on out with it what's on your mind what do you keep looking out the window for oh stop examining me like a criminal I just didn't sleep well last night I'm tired you don't do with anything to get tired where you're going when you came in I was just on my way to the market do you mind I have to get my coat do you want me to explain anymore what's wrong I just thought I saw somebody go into our garage come here look garage doors half open oh yes I forgot to tell you I call the garage and had them send a man to look at the battery he'll take care of everything yeah I'm going on take a look myself you don't have to he knows his job sometimes I don't think you have any brains at all I'll be right back I stood there at the window watching I knew who was in the garage and it wasn't a mechanic it was Sullivan Ralph walked off the back porch and across the yard and then into the garage I didn't know what was going to happen I kept thinking only one man will come out of there alive and then I thought maybe I'll be lucky maybe neither of them will come out alive I pulled the curtain back so I could see more clearly and then I waited what seemed ours staring through the window I couldn't hear a thing and nobody came out nobody I move closer my face pressed against the glass and then just before it happened somehow I could hear it coming get me the police headquarters just a moment this is Mrs. Ralph Harris and there's been an accident an explosion we'll be right out Mrs. Harris you all right but the window broke a big piece of glass my throat one way I was lucky neither of them did come out alive but in another way I wasn't so lucky I'm going to suspense presented by Roma Wines our OMA Roma America's favorite wines before we hear again from Eva Gardner star of tonight suspense play this is Truman Bradley reminding you that in all Roma wines you enjoy an extra premium goodness in fuller bouquet richer body and better taste yes Roma wines taste better because Roma and only Roma selects better tasting wines from the world's greatest wine reserves that's why more Americans enjoy Roma than any other wine so ask for Roma wine our OMA Roma a premium wine in everything but price enjoy Roma California sherry before dinner tomorrow this is Eva Gardner it's been a great pleasure to appear on suspense which is such a favorite to all of us here in Hollywood next Thursday's suspense show will be one that I certainly won't miss the most coveted honor which a radio program can achieve is the annual award given for excellence in drama by the George Foster Peabody Foundation this year the citation was given to suspense and one of the three suspense plays which is particularly mentioned in connection with the award was that which will be rebroadcast next Thursday it's called dead earnest good night Eva Gardner appeared through the courtesy of Metro Golden Mayor produces of the Technicolor picture the yearling starring Gregory Peck Jane Wyman and Claude Jarman Jr. tonight suspense story was written by John Michael Hayes next Thursday same time you will hear an all-star cast of Hollywood's finest radio players headed by Wally Mayor in suspense produced and directed by William Spear for the Roma wine company of Fresno, California in the coming weeks suspense will present such stars as Robert Mitchum, Virginia Bruce, Angela Lansbury and others make it a point to listen each Thursday to suspense radio's outstanding theater of thrills wherever distinguished people dine you'll find Cresta Blanca table wine yes in America's finest hotels restaurants and homes it's C-R-E-S-T-A-B-L-A-N-C-A Cresta Blanca Cresta Blanca from the finest of the vines come Cresta Blanca table wines distinguish your entertaining add perfect taste to your everyday dining with superb table wines from Shanley's Cresta Blanca wine company in the world-famed great growing valley of Livermore, California tune in again next Thursday same time for suspense this is CBS the Columbia broadcasting system