thoughts and things of that. If I can have my slideshow up, that'd be cool. There we go. So basically, I delivered this in the 4 to 6 of May at Connect from JISC. It's a session I put together using H5P within Moodle, but you can also use it with any other VLEs. So basically what I'm going to be going through today is I'll be looking at H5P because it's now embedded in Moodle for those of you who didn't know, but it's also something you can get for free elsewhere. So everything you see today is free, which in FE especially is the buzzword nowadays. So we'll look at things like the presenting tool, branching scenarios, free 60 imagery, and things that can be used. The way that we're using it now is it can be presented in class, but they can also be used for flip learning and they can also be used for online learning. And also we're going to start putting together online courses that we can use a different modules for each one. So we've got quite a bit planned with this. So this is just going to be an overview. It's not how to guide. It's just the things that you might be able to use within your practice if you need to. So as I mentioned, it's going to be the course presentation tool, interactive videos, quizzes, which are hot question sets, hot spots, branching scenarios, and the integration on platforms. Before we start, I did first of all do this. I work with the LandX group of colleges. We're agricultural. So anybody, I apologize to any vegans or anything like that. It's a lot of bit about farming and things like that. And there's a bit about cuts of meat. So I apologize in advance of any vegans. It's not meant to upset anybody, but please just, you know, just take that on board. So this is me. I'm a learning coordinator for the Cornwall College group. They used to be a Lancelot gardener and they got too old. So I decided to move into education. And thanks to Mr Blair in the early 2000s, I retrained and I became a learning technologist. I now run a group of three of us and we've got 10 campuses. So you can imagine we've got a lot on our plate. So this is the first thing we're going to do. I forgot to mention that these actually are links. I don't know if I will get the link out to it. So that's going to be a bit of, sorry, something. Christina, are you there? If it helps, you can reshare it and share your screen so that you can click on the links. Yeah. If you go back to the little square at the bottom, you'll be able to share your application or screen from there. There, this one here. So I'll be able to, sorry, share from where? It's in the same area where you shared your file, just a couple of options above. All right. Yeah, yeah. Share in my screen. What I'll do is I'll start up my screen. Sorry, I apologize, everybody. First time I've used Blackboard. Don't look at my stuff there. And can anybody see my slides? You can see the whole thing? Yes. Yeah. So that's where I was before. So if I move across. So can you see the introduction and support for staff training? We can. Cool. Not kidding. So yeah, these are all actually links. I forgot about this. I did the same thing, exactly the same thing that did you first a few years ago. So if I bring that, can you see my Moodle page? We can. Yes. Yeah. Cool. Lovely. Thank you very much. That's all right. Then I'm going to go back. So basically, this was something we've been doing within our teacher training. We've been doing a new teacher training package for initial teachers. And so within this, we've been using the presentation tool. This presentation tool allows us to actually make online learning. As I mentioned earlier, it can be delivered as a PowerPoint presentation, but with interactivity. Or we can have it as standalone. So in this case, if you could hear that, that's also got narration, which you can turn on or off. No, no sound. So it has narration. So we're fulfilling our accessibility criteria for the fact that people, if anybody couldn't have trouble, hard of seeing or dyslexic. So we're doing that. I've got to change this now because it actually is on default. And it's quite annoying. So we're going to re-change it because when I first did this, because I am dyslexic myself, I said to my team that I thought that we should do it as an automatic. This is how it goes automatically. But now I've done it a few more times. I realize it's quite annoying because I've used it so many times. Within this, you can add videos. The videos can also be subtitled. So yeah, again, so we're covering all our bases as far as accessibility is concerned. So this basically, they can move through it each time. And everywhere there's a circle, we have questions. So in this case, we can question as we're going along. So we can test knowledge as we're going. So in this case, that's the right answer. It gives them feedback. And if it's wrong, it will tell them why they're wrong, gives them actual feedback if they're wrong as well. And we can move that across through all the different ways. Yeah, the integrated e-puzzles. I've just seen that. The integrated e-puzzles are great. You can also do a lot more with this. You can add drag and drop. You can have interactive videos within this where you can actually stop the video and ask questions within it. But you'll see the interactive video. So this presentation tool allows you to have a lot of different kinds of things you can do within it. So it's a cheap option for some of the really expensive license things that articulate and captivate. You can do this for free with H5P. So it may not be all bells and whistles like some of the others, but it does give you the option to do more and more things with it. So as I said, you can see now it's quite annoying the fact that it keeps talking all the time. So I will go back to changing that. So that's the presentation tool. We use it for everything we do now. And we're now encouraging all our staff to rather than do presentations, it's actually try and make these. Because I mentioned earlier, you can use them three or four different things. We're talking about using six hour courses to bring some ACL funding in. So if things like you're doing auto-culture, you could have, yeah, I love that as well. So you can have six different options. And you can pick and take and you can make small courses to actually put out as free courses online. And we're trying to, you know, doubt into our community offerings as well. But also, we're now looking at having a combined space on Moodle where if you are a auto-culturist, you make your resources. And because we have three or four different campuses that do auto-culture, we can start sharing resources that way. So rather than the problem with a lot of our tutors the moment as they go, we haven't got time. And so now I'm trying to encourage them to say, well, if you take one subject within auto-culture, somebody else takes another subject or auto-culture, you'll make two resources, you're in one part of the time. Sharing has always been a major issue with us at this college. We've got 10-quart campuses across Devon and Cornwall. So, yeah, conflaporation is a little bit of a tricky thing. So that's a presentation tool. I can answer some more questions on it a little bit later in the session. And from when I did the GSQ, I had quite a few people email me and ask them, we did some sessions after the session. So that's the presentation tool. So next one is this called interactive video. As I mentioned earlier, we've done a lot of that dark dairy and the farming. We have Stoke-Climbism, something called the Future Farm. This Future Farm is one of the first in the country. It is very, very automated. And this video will show you a little bit about it and show you how we use it to capture information for the students. Bigger. You'll notice there's little white dots. These white dots signify something that's going to happen in the video. So I'll let this play a little bit and let's see how it goes. So now it'll stop and it'll ask them a question just to make sure that we're checking learning and checking that they've understood. Boy, so in this case, does anybody want to hazard the guest for the answer was? Anybody want to put it in the chat? Nope. Well, you should go for it. So it's called Future Farm and it allows, so then you click on it, it will, well done. It's time for you to continue. So once you continue, it starts the video again. So in this case now, I'm going to trust them a little bit further by adding a drag and drop situation within this. So in this case, they'll make sure, again, to check that they've actually been listened to what the person said. So in this case, use an automated Trilo system. We can then feed three individual groups, respective bias moments where the impacts. So there you go. Anybody think I made it? So you see that I've got them ones wrong, which I did on purpose, not, but then they can reach right again, or they have the ability now to continue. Yeah, the interactive video is a thing that brings it alive. Again, it keeps them focused. If you know it's also, we've added some type of this again for the accessibility. In this case, the students will, I did one the other day and I asked this question and somebody said, yeah, lots of slurry, which is true. It is true. They will produce a lot of slurry, but this is useful data. So I won't go any further on that because this goes on for another about another two minutes. But yeah, again, you can see that the different approaches that we can use now for the students to get a little bit of different kind of learning process. Then this kind of thing can be embedded into the presentation tools earlier as well. So you can actually put interactive videos within the presentation tool and make it whole thing. But this is just I just had this standard alone exercise subtitles. Yep, we put in a closed caption subtitles. We can do that by adding a VTT file to the video. But that's for another day. So we come up with lots of ways that we can now add the accessibility because it's, you know, it's the watch board of everything about eLearning now. So there's that. I'm running a little bit of time. So you can also have, you saw the quiz sets within the presentation area. You could have that and also in the presentation tool, as well as the video, you can have them standalone as well. So you can group them up. So you can have a, especially if you're going to do something like assessment revision or before you exams, you can set an exam, a certain amount of exams, like you can in, I'm sorry, questions like can in Moodle. But again, with this, you can put videos in, you can start putting stuff in where Moodle's a little bit more restrictive. This becomes a little bit more fleshy and you can add those with missiles to it. And it will also realize if you're using completion tracking in Moodle, those of you that use Moodle, you can actually set it and say they have to do 80% before they can move on. So you can actually, again, you can capture and see if there's knowledge checks are happening. So that's the beauty of it. All of this talks to the grade book and all the different VLEs that it works within. So the next thing I say, this is where I got somebody said to me the other day, I don't like to do this because I'm vegan. I apologize if it's that. But again, because it was a farm, we looked at different ways that we could bring exercises into the process. And there's two kinds of hotspots. In the first example, in the first example, you have a single hotspot and you ask one question. So within you click anywhere that is not the right answer. It will say, no, that's not the right answer. Click on the right answer. He says he will tell you that you're correct. So you can do this. This is just a single one. So you can do it for any kind of just, you can do a set of questions. Or as I'm going to show you in the next bit, the one that we've found a lot more useful, especially within veterinary and things like that as well. We've been doing stuff on this one. It allows you to label your animal and your cuts of meat. So within this one. So we said to me the other day, you can tell what they are because the size of them. You can make them smaller or bigger, but I just, I did them size because I was trying to keep it simple. But you can move these to wherever you need them to go. And then they can check as they're going along and then they can retry. They can do individual ones if they want. Or yeah, again, as if you're presenting this as a tutor, you can use this as a thing to use for that as well. So you can, you can sit there and you can use it as an interactive board and you can discuss the process with your students. So that's interactive hotspots. So these are all mentioned again. They're all free. There's stuff that you can do within Moodle. If you haven't got Moodle, if it's got it in Moodle, you can go to H5P.com, sign up for a free account. You can get your students to sign up for your accounts and they can make their own and send it in as assignments as well. So it's an open source software. Again, stick it with cows. We look at scenario branching. This now allows us to, for those of us older and rougher, remember the books where you can pick your page and move through your venture. This is a simple way of doing that. There are more complicated ways of doing it, but with H5P, again, it's free, it's cheap, and it's not that complicated. And you can start gamification. This is a very, very rudimental one because I put it together very quickly. But you probably, if you were going to, probably you would design it, you would put a mind map of all the different options you can go to. I went to a presentation a couple of weeks ago, unless you only had done a whole escape room kind of game, a scenario branching thing. And she said it was on three pieces of A1 paper and she just built this whole thing. And that really took the time before actually more so than the making of the process. So this is a case of what are the first five stages of milking a cow. So you get to select the right answer and when you do, you can move on to the next stage. So in this case, we're going to proceed. So the first stage of milking a cow is I know the answer because I put it together is stripping the teats and making it suspected. Right, since you've done really well, you've done the right thing, now it's time to move on to the second stage. In this case, I'll do one that's wrong. So it goes wrong, please try again. And then I'll ask you to go back to the question. In this case, the outrages and get a couple of squirts of milk. So they move on to the third stage. I can get the wrong answer. I get the right answer. So they move on. And finally, so there you go. So I've come through that scenario. Again, that's a very simple thing. And I put it together within about 10, 15 minutes. But the more complex you wanted to be, the more you have to decide your branches. And you can even have gamification where you can give points and things like that. So if they go one way, they get 10 points. They go the wrong way, you're minus five points. And so that tallies their process as well. So that's branching scenarios. I apologize. It's a whistle-top tour. It's a big subject. And I'm quite happy for anybody to get in touch afterwards and say, can we have a little bit more of a chat about how this is all done? Yes, they can. They do feedback, results to the VLE. Everything in H5P has the ability to go back to the grade book. But with the scenarios, you have to make sure you had the points and systems. So you would start to work out what you wanted for. I'll have a look at it a bit too long. So we're moving on to 360 imagery. We use a couple of things for this. I don't know if anybody used Thingling. Thingling is probably our preferred method of using it, because you can have videos and things like that. But with H5P, within Moodle or with VLEs, it is very, again, a nice, simple way to set up tours around. And we're using quite a lot of these 360 tours for students before they start coming to college. So we put on our open Moodle. So before they come, they can have a look at our areas. It was something that we picked up from Austin, especially our Foundation Learning students. So we could give them some more confidence before they got here. We tried to look and see if we could show their areas off to them, so they're more familiar. So within this one, we can have a 360. We've got a 360 camera. There's a Kodak. It's about £200. It's not a great deal of money. And we just go around and we can take the pictures. And within this, we can then add stuff. So in this case, we've got the metal press. So you can see that within this also, you can add text and things like that. Let me say the biggest drawback is that we can't this moment in time put in any kind of video, which is a shame. But let's say we do use other things for that kind of thing, but it allows you to walk around. But yeah, again, this is something that we took the video, we took the picture, we put it into H5P. It was no real rendering. And then all we had to do was add different hotspots around where you want to. So you can move between transition between sequence or you can add stuff within the process. I couldn't see exactly what that before disappeared. So as I mentioned earlier, that was just a whistle stop tour when I did it for I had a 30 minute presentation with 10 minutes, 15 minutes question afterwards. So I'm sorry it's been a quite quick zoom through. But as you see there, there's three types of H5P integration besides Moodle. As I mentioned, if you go to hpp.com, you can get direct links or embed it from there. We used to have it on a website and we used to get it in from there. But we found sometimes that they would fall over a bit because there's not a WordPress site and if WordPress went down, we lost it. So when they did mention that Moodle Mook a few years ago, there was a great cheer because it's there. You have a content bank that can then be just held within your VLE. Blackboard and Canvas, they've got iLTI stuff that you can get from that you just get the code and put it into Blackboard and Canvas. And so some of the other VLEs have plugins for H5P as well. So I know it was whistle-topped tour but can we have any questions or can we can get the questions from Sharon? You've got one question Colin from Ann. She's asked you about inserting content. Can you insert more than one content item at a time? I can select each item. I have eight of them to insert into Blackboard Ultra via LTI. Or am I best to use the presentation tool and put all the items in that presentation? I'd say I tend to put it into the presentation tool because yet again you can then you can put the different aspects you can move and you can almost think of it as a lateral flow across what we look at as an hour. And so you've got an hour's worth of content. So within that you can say right you can have this. A thing I didn't mention in there is there's something called export text as well. So we've got a member of staff at Nuke now is basically doing what he does in his presentation tool. He'll put his videos are interactive. He does himself in front of a board and he looks at it and he delivers his lesson. Within that lesson he will ask questions. And then he'll have something called export text and he'll ask them to write their thoughts about it. And right at the end you can if he does it quite a few times you can export that out to Word and it will also take out your quizzes as well and add your quizzes to it. And so you've got the whole thing about the whole process. And then right at the end what we do is we get them to upload their work and as an assignment you can't do it via H5P but you can have it as an assignment. Yeah so there you go and yeah so basically the presentation tool we use presentation tool most of the time now. It is the one thing that we use. So I've got any more questions that I can see. Are the transcripts automatically from H5P or do you upload it separately? Did I, Diana did I even mention that? We use basically I've got a couple of things. We use Otter.ai if anybody knows about it. That transcribes any kind of video so you put it through Otter.ai. AI you get 600 minutes a month free and then that transcript can be taken out of the Otter.ai as an SRT file. SRT files work on YouTube, PlanetHDreamer and others. H5P use VTT files so we just got to go for another process where we convert the SRT file into a VTT file. There's loads of converters out there and then you just add that to it and it all the time it's coming in and it's automatic. Does that help Diana? Can you use it one time? How long does it take an academic to create an interactive presentation? That's yeah how long's a piece of string Meg? What we do as a team we go out we encourage we run in these sessions through our team TLA which is our teaching and learning department. They then get the members of staff interested in it. They will come to us for a second catch-up a little bit like what we're doing now. They deliver a presentation then I'll go back and mop it up and spend the whole day at the campus and we'll sit and talk about it and the SMEs will come and say this is this and this and this and then as a group there's three of us we'll take it away and we'll actually make the we offer to make the sessions for them so the SMEs give us all the information then we build it because at the moment in the presentation tool we use a template so we have a template for most things where we just can then clone the slides so things like the backwards and forwards next and previous are on one screen and then we clone it so that we don't have to keep reproducing that kind of stuff so in average I had this conversation with somebody yesterday if they give us enough content for an hour I would say that we could probably can produce it in about 45 minutes but yeah again it's coming the SMEs are a sticking point as they mostly say is that oh yeah it'd be great by them at the time so trying to convince them that you know you've already got your powerpoint that you're using you're already doing stuff delivering stuff so if you just give it that and then what we do is we'll create a prototype and then we'll go back to them and go right what do you think they will then say can you change this and this and then we're in the next iteration we'll we'll carry on a bit like an adding methodology where we we would carry on until we got to the stage where everybody was happy I hope that makes sense do you know if there's any ways of importing powerpoint slides individual that that's as I mentioned Leslie that's something we get and we just copy and paste into presentation tool it is you know we'll take any kind of information any kind of so you can't take it and unlike articulae and and and adobe captivate you can't you can't just put a presentation in it it will convey it you have to be a little bit more smarter and as a team we do that at the house that one yeah so yeah again mega as I mentioned the export tool allows you to do that another thing we do is also at the end of a lot of ours in the plenary we we may be level an export text box but then we should also probably put a link out to a ms form so we collect stuff from feedback from them so when we evaluate we can look and if anybody says you know this was a bit this or we could do with doing that then we can actually evaluate and then go back and improve the process so it's it's yeah again it's a constant thing you don't it doesn't sit well we'll sit and we'll have a routine and we're like that resource was made six weeks ago we'll have another look at it we'll see what the feedback is we were in the situation as a team we're learning so quickly that we can't even integrate new stuff into all things because we are into old sessions because we're doing so many different things differently now and we've got better ideas so we sometimes have to make the whole thing again we had a safeguarding one the other week where we'd been using it about six months ago we created it then they wanted a new part put in and we couldn't fit it in because it was completely different and looked different so we had to reinvent it all are there any hacks that you know of where vimeo videos could embed rather than youtube videos we can create the other way i think i'm pretty sure it allows you to do video vimeo all youtube i'm pretty sure if you use a url to be blatant on this year we try to use videos that we've got ourselves because that makes life a lot easier because if you put youtube stuff in like you know people can bring them down or you can lose them or they and let's say that breaks your link so we try to you know if we can get around if we can't in-house if not then you know we we possibly go to the you know we usually go to the the contributor and ask if we can take it off and use it that's really their permission usually yeah yeah we yeah the print they does the creating the print presentation template makes life so much easier for us it really is it just it speeds our work up completely not only and that one i couldn't tell you any about the LTS and super user accounts probably not i think it's just going to be yeah i yeah again i there's not a thing that we i know we've looked into i looked into it for this reason because i was delivering this but um it's not my it's not my speciality i'm afraid so any more for anyone i think i've got everybody any questions i think you've got all of the questions colin yep so there's my details if anybody want to take it down and have a chat um i you know i'm a bit nerdy like a lot of us uh i see electronic technologists and these are there i love to chat to others and yet again i don't mind showing off my ways hence the reason why i put my name forward to do this um i'm not forward to coming back i'm not better than coming forward thanks rob that's great i'm glad you enjoyed it any more for anymore that was a really interesting presentation i can see a lot of people going to look and use this resource themselves um if you're happy for me too i'll end the recording now yeah no it's cool that's fine by me thank you


from the Sears Radio Theater tonight is a story of the Golden West with Lauren Green as your host here's a preview I'm not from this neck of the woods I I'm from Liberia in Africa hey well what you what you handle mine's Charlie C. Reed my handle is Joseph Jenkins Roberts okay JJ from Liberia Africa let's climb up on old nail gal here and make some slow moves round town the Sears Radio Theater will begin after this message from your local station this is Lucille Ball here to make a personal appeal to every American since the 1880s the American Red Cross has been stepping in when there's been big trouble like a hurricane but nobody has to tell you the Red Cross is there when a hurricane strikes so let's talk about the other Red Cross your neighborhood Red Cross they teach kids to swim and they train about every lifeguard on every beach possible to look into it we can get in touch with a local chapter they help veterans get on their feet they help people relocate after fires you comfortable okay now relax they collect and distribute blood they give a hand to the older folks in your town and do scores of other jobs running very nice it's easy to see why we've got to have Red Cross and only you can keep Red Cross ready for the little emergencies in your neighborhood and the big ones help keep Red Cross ready this is Lauren Green the country we're traveling through is beautiful no other word could describe it any better it's spring 1875 and we're in Wyoming territory in 15 years it will be the 44th state in the Union and the first state in the world to give women the right to vote and hold office the battle of the little big horn is a year away and in March of this year the Congress enacted the civil rights law that guarantees everyone equal access to public inns public conveyances and the like I don't think my fellow passengers will be terribly interested in these odds and ends they all seem to be more interested in what they see out of the window one of them shows an intense interest he's had his nose almost pressed to the glass for an hour interesting looking young fellow but money or so aside from being a black man he's dressed in a very colorful robe green sky blue yellow and red he has a red green and black skull cap put from the back of his head it will be really interesting to know what he feels about the wild wide open space the land stretches as far as the eye can see and when it is no longer level it becomes hilly and the hills become pyramids with sugar on the tops grandfather and grandmother were right there is no country like this western country the sky seems even bluer than our Liberian sky and there is more land than I ever thought possible I must sink myself deeply into an understanding of this place because it is my ancestral home as much as Africa because this is where grandfather and grandmother came from perhaps I will find some relatives does not seem likely I've only seen ten black people since we left Lincoln, Nebraska incredibly an African tourist of American descent is checking out a branch of his roots and that's how we begin this particular story which though fictional has a basis in fact here's radio theater a new adventure in radio listening brought to you five nights a week by Sears Robuck and company Sears where America shops your hosts Lorne Green I'll bring you stories of the Old West and the new Andy Griffith with a look at the funny side of luck Vincent Price with tales of mystery and suspense Cicely Tyson with stories about love hate and related things Richard Whitmark I'll bring you stories of pure adventure five nights of exceptional entertainment every week brought to you in Elliott Lewis production of the Sears radio theater our story the Afro Westerner by Odie Hawkins our star Brock Peters the words out and spread and fast about the jeans from Sears Man store that grow beautifully it's a sure sign they're feeling fine and feeling good for the denim that keeps going strong a long time regular cut even get them free wash the jeans that grow beautifully now at most Sears retail stores replace your car's muffler including installation I'd say about $50 no wait $45 let me around $30 I guess about $40 the aluminized Sears Muzzler is only $19.99 that's half of what I guessed it's hard to believe on a Cadillac that's a terrific price with installation yes I should have known it Sears the Muzzler just $19.99 installed clamps have needed 99 cents each extra sizes to fit most American-made cars prices may vary in Alaska and Hawaii at most Sears Tyron auto centers clinging jerseys tight satin tops they only look good if they hug your body smoothly Sears best Abra light helps you in your clothes look good how Abra light has no seam cups and straps adjust in the back so you look great up front whatever you do whether it's dashing around town or simmering with disco fever in that slinky dress it's flattering fun with the Sears Abra light available at most larger Sears retail stores oh here I go again it's time to rent one of those steam type carpet cleaners why rent now Sears puts power in a carpet cleaner you can own yourself the power spray from Sears for easy home carpet cleaning power spray sprays hot water into your carpet then sucks up the dirty water you can see the dirt you get out dirt you didn't even know was there the power spray carpet cleaner a convenient carpet cleaner you can own yourself available at most Sears retail stores can more solid as Sears five of the train slows down a head a place that's more than a settlement the young black man stares out the way out of me sir as you live and breathe young fella thank you Joseph Jenkins Roberts of Monrovia Liberia hopped from the train with three overstuffed carpet bags and stood on the train platform looking and feeling completely lost howdy stranger my name is Homer Judson better known to some people here about says nosy Judson I'm a reporter for the Laramie Sentinel and I couldn't help thinking Homer this is your human interest story of the week how about an exchange you give me your story and I'll help you find a place to stay ideal yes thank you my name is Joseph Jenkins Roberts and I could certainly use some help couldn't we all be pardoned never mind this all your luggage yes I decided to travel light thank the Lord for light weird things come on partner follow me thank you I I appreciate your help well I hope you'll be thanking me when we get to Mrs. O'Leary's boarding house but meanwhile since I seem to have picked up the bag you packed with boulders why don't you give me your story once you need a pencil and pad as unusual as your story is sure to be I'm sure my photographic memory will retain it all you have to do is talk as we walk and don't leave anything out I remember that the Sentinel prints all the news that's fit to print and that means all the news it's news well first of all I I am the nephew of the current vice president of Liberia Liberia yes Liberia West Africa you see it it happened like this and go on Joe this is Laramie and lots of people misbehave all the time yes yes I know my grandfather told me about it you your grandfather yes my grandfather and grandmother were born to slavery on a plantation in Louisiana they escaped when she was 15 and he was 18 they have told me their story many times don't let that throw you Laramie is full of cowboys especially on Saturday night go on I must say the atmosphere is much more lively than Monrovia you were saying about your grandparents oh yes they knew that the only way to be free was to make it to a free territory in addition grandmother says grandfather had seen some pictures of a cowboy and wanted to become one your grandfather had seen some pictures of a cowboy and wanted to become one yes grandmother always smiles when she says that at any rate after an incredible number of hardships they made it to this town to Laramie they say it is where they began to be human beings for the first time oh it would take several hours to tell all the things they went through yeah I can imagine what year was it that they made it here it was 1807 they built a cabin near a place called misty oh yeah that's about 30 35 miles northeast of here that close oh I would like to see it very much this evening whoa whoa whoa take it easy why not tomorrow after you've had a chance to get a good night's sleep you were saying oh yes yes well they lived in in this place misty my grandfather being a curious man one day found some small nuggets of gold in the stream behind their cabin gold yes he found gold but he didn't tell anyone only my grandmother for ten years they secretly panned gold from this stream and others near and when they got news of people being given a chance to resettle in Africa they decided to go I recall that it was an 1820 something in the American colonization society was behind it buncha hypocrites yes 1822 to be exact my grandfather and grandmother say that many free people of color were not happy about being offered a chance to return to Africa they felt since they had been born here that no one should think of leaving or that no one should think of asking them to leave and there were those like my grandparents who welcomed the chance to go to them Africa represented a new frontier they were born slaves and emigrated to Africa as free people with $15,000 in gold that's quite a story my grandfather thinks so too he's talking about his life here made me want to see the land of his birth my mother and father didn't want me to come but my grandparents did go they said go and tell us what you see so I came here and here we are now don't let Mrs. O'Leary frighten she's always a bit much at first but you'll find she's not as dreadful as she appears this is the living room dining room where everybody gathers for the five o'clock meal the guestrooms are upstairs and a wishy donny complicated looking fella in a tripper colored nightgown with a Yiddish cap on his head his name is Joseph Jenkins Robert and he hails from Liberia West Africa and I've already told him that you make the best son of a gun stew and deep dish apple pie this side of the Mississippi oh there you go again Homer Judson wrapping your spit around a bunch of words that sounds sweet to my ears well how long are you going to be staying with this young fella well about two weeks or so I guess oh that'll give you just enough time to become part of the family well come along let me show you to your room I'll take those bags no no no thank you I can hand them me boy oh in Mrs. O'Leary's house Mrs. O'Leary makes the rules not this evening not this evening Mrs. O'Leary I've got a great human interest piece to write up for the morning edition see you later Joe writers they always got something to write well come along Joseph Jenkins Roberts I'll be showing you to your room you got three names rolled into one why not whoever said we should only be afflicted with two names now you can eat three meals a day if you like or only dinner depending on what your appetite is like now most of my boarders eat breakfast at 6 30 and dinner at five have your man-sized appetite a juice of Jenkins Roberts well good now then it'll be two dollars for your rent for the week and three dollars with meals no fancy women whiskey drinking beyond certain points or serious card playing a loud and here's your room dinners in 20 minutes and we're having chicken and dumplings this mother you must read this letter to grandfather and grandmother to tell them that I am finding everything that they have spoken of to be true I've been here in Laramie for five days now and so much has happened already that I hardly know where to begin I am living in a boarding house owned and operated by an Irish lady she's very tall has hair the color of rusty pipes talks very quickly cooks huge pots of food and and is very nice I think she drinks whiskey when no one is watching I was taken to this place by Homer a reporter on the Laramie Sentinel that I met at the train station I'm enclosing the article he wrote about me it's the first ever written about an African in Wyoming territory is a very nice person I have not run into any problems of race so far most of the people are well informed as to who I am and and what I am doing here it seems that even those who don't read the newspaper know my name and where I'm from and everything I guess Mrs. O'Leary is responsible for that she's like the drums we have at home taking Homer Judson's advice I have purchased a pair of boots to go riding him I did not tell him that I did not know how to ride but I will learn it is late now and I must go to sleep Mrs. O'Leary expects everyone to attend breakfast I send my deepest love and respect Joseph Americans and shop the easy way with a serious credit card all you do to apply is call toll-free 805-260444 it's your entry to shopping convenience and quality merchandise your card will be accepted at over 3,600 Sears stores across the nation and you can choose from over 100,000 Sears products and services even use it for your catalog orders in the store or over the phone just say charge it call 805-260444 New Jersey residents call 806-522777 for your Sears credit card the words out and spreading fast above the jeans from Sears Man Store that grow beautifully it's a sure side they're feeling fine and feeling good for the denim that keeps going strong a long time get them trim cut regular cut even get them free washed IRS that much well when things just don't add up you can count on a Sears desk calculator to help you add subtract multiply and divide then read the figures two different ways 12-digit lighted display and tape print out for your records there's a two-memory system that helps ease multi-step problems plus it's many extras make it a great time saver now at most Sears retail stores Sears two memory desk calculator cut $25 just $99.99 through March 10th prices and dates may vary in Alaska and Hawaii to look the height of fashion wherever I go requires many coats but for home I need only one coat fashion surrounding Sears best easy living interior paint one coat of easy living on the walls in every room looks stunning while I entertain or just relax choose from 24 decorator colors in easy living flat latex and semi-gloss plus bright white ceiling paint for your home because with Sears easy living paint all you need is one coat when used as directed at most Sears retail stores Joseph Jenkins Roberts settled in and became a part of the community it wasn't an instant process it took a while there were things to learn customs to observe watching Joe wobble down the street in a pair of the fanciest boots ever cobbled has got to be one of my all-time favorite memories being the adventurous type he was it didn't take much to convince him being in the West and all that he should saddle up I had a strong suspicion that he might wind up sitting backwards on the creature I've seen tender foots do everything I wouldn't try to climb up on that ornamental saddle so it was you you wouldn't find out cause it just might be the last ride you'll ever have now you just take a peek at that devil's eyes he's just waiting for you to mount up so we can buck your little dark body through the roof you come on over here bub let's pick out a piece of crow bait that'll put up with your inexperience whole Nelly looks like a good choice how long you been riding I had I never been riding I on a horse what thank you pardon I said are you pulling my leg you got buffalo snot in your ears or something no it's just that you say things in a funny way well come to think of it you sound the shade strange yourself if they're not sure at all and if they're a beanie cap on your head I take it you ain't from around this neck of the woods no I I'm not from this neck of the woods I I'm from Liberia in Africa that kind of figure juice from some words else hey well what you what you handle mines Charlie C. Reed cowpokes card player fresh out of the Calibus after celebrating a month's trail paid down the drain my handle is Joseph Jenkins Roberts okay JJ from Liberia Africa let's climb up on old nail gal here and make some slow moves round town I'd advise you to hold her down to a gallop till we get to the edge of town not from that side JJ I see you wasn't joking when you said you never rode a horse I told you oh well they all had to learn some time and let's give it her best shot who knows you might get to liking the feel of a fast horse idea Charlie how can I make it slow down you can't if you went in his glory you'd be standing still and quit squeezing that old gal's neck so harsh you'll think you're in love with it dear father I am addressing this especially to you it is what might be called a man's letter a few days ago I met two new people they are both now my friends it seems that this is the way it is here you can be strangers one day and friends the next day or enemies my two new friends are named Charlie Reed and Alfred Wong Charlie is a cowboy the other day after we rode to the edge of town and back Charlie asked me if I had any money I said yes he was quite pleased and said great let's go into the dirty garter saloon for a little sipping spitting and cussing there was tension when we walked into the saloon from the way the people lined up at the bar stared at me I felt self-conscious I will have to buy cowboy clothes and a wide brimmed hat to go with my boots Charlie ended the tension by saying my buddy JJ here from Liberia Africa is buying a round for the house many of them patted me on the back and said nice things as as they rushed to get there around and then someone else bought another round and someone else another I had to walk my horse back to the stable because I felt too wobbly to ride I don't think I like sipping spitting and cussing very much because it makes your head hurt the next day Charlie has promised to teach me the secret of roping and and also how to shoot straight respectfully your son Joe make that I was very curious about this person I had seen him about town I had heard much about him but I had not had a chance to talk with him yesterday he came into my laundry with some of his native robes to be cleaned the dust of Laramie was ruining them he wanted to know how I became a laundry owner in Laramie I told him that I and many other Chinese help build the railroad that links east and west after the railroad was finished I decided to invest in a business and retire here I can't say that this is a real retirement but it means working on the railroad I have invited him to have tea with me I forgot to ask him if there were any Chinese in Liberia had to exaggerate the dangers of riding beyond Laramie city limits however we did warn Joe more than once but the outskirts of Laramie had his normal collection of outlaws just like any other city he smiled and told me don't worry Homer Charlie has taught me how to ride well dad blasted Jake why'd you have to feel your hand a hundred yards away oh shut up we've lost him you and your big mouth well where do we go from here we keep heading for Texas many wanted posters they got hung up in this territory on us we'd be sitting ducks to stick around here she spoke there little that's down right funny Jake wonder if he can find his way in the dark who is there who is it strong wolf very much it was smart to jump off this old nag and hide rather than try to outrun the bad ones did you see them the crooks I have seen many crooks there is Laramie I I guess this is where we part company thanks again mr. strong wolf for for catching my horse it was not very hard well thanks anyway what is your name oh my handle is Joseph Jenkins Roberts my friends call me JJ JJ I would you like to have a good show Shawnee dinner this evening yes yes I would I have never eaten rabbit before I'm talking about the food we just ate I know it was dog meat one that we had fattened for a guest such as yourself oh I pipe and tobacco Mary when I first saw her somewhere in a book it is called love at first sight I could tell from the way she returned my look that she too felt the same feeling my heart was in my throat also because I feared the consequences of being attracted to another man's wife in my country that is considered something a person should not do strong wolf lit the pipe and passed it to me it's a bit strong isn't it for one who smokes it properly it is not strong here do it slowly with feeling peacefully I see what you mean it is better when you puff slowly tell me strong wolf does your wife always spy on you around the corner of your tp oh moon feather is not my wife she's my niece and you are the first buffalo man she's ever seen up close oh I didn't know she's very pretty already after only 17 snow she can skin a deer or put up a tp faster than many more experienced woman yes I I can see that you would be moon feather her name is pretty too I've always been known to be direct and honest I had to let the dark one know that I had received his eye and returned it for the course of the evening he's been talking to my uncle I made certain that he was aware of my presence for the first time since I had been taken through the ceremonies for coming into womanhood I really felt this man JJ made me feel this way I looked forward after that first time to his visits with my uncle the women of our camp laughed and made jokes about how much of my heart they could see in my eyes what have we here skulking around with such heavy circles under his eyes good morning Mrs. O'Leary am I too late for breakfast I think we ought to be able to scrape a bit of batter together for a flop jacket too how's it going with yourself you look as though you just drank the hair of the dog that bit please Mrs. O'Leary don't say morning JJ got a telegram for you morning home what is it well my grandfather has had a stroke and he wants to see me he wants to hear about what I've seen before he must leave right away yes of course JJ we'll pray that everything works out all right how dreadfully cruel the fates can be at 7 30 on some moments truer words were never spoken Mrs. O'Leary basket you got boiled corn and a bunch of blueberry mutton the chicken should last you for a week if you're careful not to eat more than six pieces a day you take care of yourself and don't you forget to write us I'll be back we hope so I could use another Liberian human interest story all bored but JJ I come as soon as I hear sleeping one off under a table in the dirty garden see you later Bob JJ I'll be back some to me yep that's a nice guy but don't worry you'll be back he's got a reason to come back to or my otherwise unimpeachable sources are their trees moon feather moon feather what seems to be the problem here young fella there they're riding the speckled horse oh so that's moon feather well you better best get on the observation platform before that poor engine rides that pony to death trying to keep up with the Union Pacific here observation platform well to the rear careful you don't fall off I felt openly I rode alongside the train praying to the person above us that he would see me and understand my prayer was answered he saw me and threw me his ring I knew we would be together then I did not know how long it would take but no matter I knew it would come to pass someday after this message from your local station you can't because they're prohibited they're prohibited because even one of these these are past that could spread to our crops and gardens and animals with devastating results you haven't been everywhere on the US Department of Agriculture Washington DC 202 50 it's free I gained 20 pounds in two months chocolate and bean and butter yeah I never lost that weight either with me it was different I was climbing the walls yelling at the kids I just couldn't live with myself neither could Dan could he no not really he said having a wife that smoked was better than being terrorized day and night huh better a friendly dragon than a nasty dragon huh right so anyway I'm back to a pack and a half a day addicted just like I was let's hold it right there the American Heart Association wants you to know that smoking cigarettes becomes a habit not an addiction habits can be broken smoking is a matter of choice not destiny we can help you quit you don't have to gain weight or climb the walls contact your American Heart Association for a free booklet that explains how to break your cigarette habits step by step the American Heart Association wants you to know we're fighting for your life this is Lauren Green and here's the concluding act JJ stayed home for four months after his grandpa's death doing as much as he could him the youngest in the family he returned after six months no longer the complete tender foot his granddad had left him a handsome sum of money but he didn't let it interfere with his life one of the first things he did when he got back was get himself a job working for the circle barbie spread JJ once you get past the sipping cussing and spitting part all you have to do is learn how to stay in the saddle till you backside turns to calluses try to think one step ahead of a bunch of dumb cows that are apt to stampede at the drop of a coffee cup forget about all the comforts of Ms. O'Leary's boarding house be on to look out for wrestlers and don't spend all your money at one saloon I don't have to tell you how to survive cookie son of a gun stew you already survived Ms. O'Leary's cooking determined because I had decided with the money I had inherited from my grandfather to buy some land buy some cattle and marry moon feather she was always on my mind but I could not find her wherever I came across Shoshone people I would ask them about strong wolf and moon fellow I even learned some Shoshone in order to ask questions they would always tell me that they had seen them in the last moon or 10 sleeps away but they didn't know exactly where they were now my heart ache to see moon feather again I used to have terrible dreams thinking that maybe she had married someone else my friends were very sympathetic would you like another cup of tea JJ no no no thank you nothing like a good cup of tea yeah so you still have not been able to find moon feather huh no and I have run out of places to look to not fear that way there are always other places I know and I know it just seems I understand I don't know if I told you when we last talk I'm going to a romantic period myself you are yes my father has selected a bride for me from our village and I am anxiously awaiting her arrival I'm happy for you here is a picture of her her name is Cynthia she is very pretty my father says she is a good worker and will make a good wife are you sure you wouldn't like another cup of tea one day out of the blue it happened I had been working the South Range rounding up Mavericks and was just sort of stumbling back to town thinking about how good it would be to have a hot bath in Mrs. O'Leary's big brass tub a couple of Indian brave suddenly appeared and quietly rode alongside me one of them was strong wolf the other was eagle ice his brother moon feathers father I was so excited I could hardly keep from shouting where is moon feather but I thought it best to do things the Indian way they had gotten the word from others about me I rode into their small camp of 20 teepees my heart beating like a drum I saw a smile in the corner of strong wolf's mouth he knew what my feelings were we dismounted still without talking washed our hands in a buffalo hide bucket and sat down to eat I remember we had wild greens and trout because I was so nervous I choked on a bone after the meal eagle eyes called out moon feather bring my pipe and tobacco she was more and she was wearing my ring myself I said to her you're wearing my ring she nodded telling me yes and went back to where the women were I was so happy I felt like crying so you returned I said that I would good we like a person who keeps his word we sat for an hour talking about different things how scarce the buffalo were what my plans were for the future eagle eyes pierced me with his look listened closely and only asked one question will you always stay in this land up to that point I had not really thought about whether I intended to stay or not but I said yes because that's how I felt after a while I felt I had stayed long enough and decided to leave asking if I could return for a visit the next day strong wolf looked at eagle eyes and he nodded ever so slightly I felt good I felt even better as I rode out of camp when moon feather stepped around the teepee and waved and smiled at me I rode hard and fast to get back to Laramie I felt I needed some courtship advice my father was far away and and could offer no advice in this matter so I spoke with my friends so a little old African buck rooves discovered skirts well well I am serious Charlie we are serious what does a man do in a situation like this really stomp down serious huh yes well in that case I'd suggest you do the following get yourself do it up you know slick your hair down skip that part take a half hour bath sprinkle a heap of sweet me sniff on you you where you whiskers should be and take her for a stroll in the moonlight Charlie I'm in love with her and I want to marry her well in that case you better take a full hours bath an Indian woman huh I think that'd make an interesting column when's the date I don't know I haven't proposed yet well power you I wouldn't waste much time looks like we're in for a cold winter if you know what I mean see you later I gotta run all the back of the stove Homer thanks miss oh luck to you JJ tell me what do you think I should do Mrs. O'Leary oh well now you take that darling girl an armful of flowers there's not a female heart on the planet that doesn't think well of flowers Mrs. O'Leary you're right that's exactly what I'll do the beauty and sweetness of youth possibility of JJ the African moon feather getting married we knew that he was going to return to her after she was given his ring we approved of the match I knew him to be sincere and honest and I believed with the experience that years give that he would become a well-seasoned man we were not prepared to deal with his appearance when he asked for moon feather with a tall hat on a beetle coat and a bunch of dead flowers we laughed and afterwards we had a feast and my brother gave his permission later on after he understood our customs better he gave my brother 50 good horses and me like the one he had worn when I first met him became an authentic cow hand used the money he inherited from his grandfather to buy a ranch just a few miles from where his grandparents had lived incidentally and settled down to raise six beautiful Afro Indian children and beef cattle I'm proud to say the oldest boys name is Homer Homer Jenkins Roberts who at the age of 20 made his pilgrimage to his grandparents in Liberia liked what he saw and stayed as the West African proverb says what comes around goes around brother was my age being in style men wearing old jeans and about a pound of dirt but today us guys are more sophisticated in our style and that's why Sears has style works a guy can pick up on the latest styles and jeans tops sweaters and dress your clothes like vested suits I can depend on the style workshop at Sears for just about everything to keep me looking great and the prices pretty reasonable my folks like that style works today styles all in one place and most larger Sears retail stores I've been working with furniture for 25 years so I know about quality and that's why I recommend a Sears Benchmade sofa for your family there's a heavy-duty hardwood frame brace to withstand stress the coil spring construction gives long lasting comfort and you can choose from fabrics and attractive solids or bright prints all treated with scotch guard brand fabric protector compare the quality of a Sears Benchmade with other fine sofas and you'll be surprised styling durability and comfort Benchmade a great place to relax now at most Sears retail stores this spring for women the fashion place at Sears suggest these up-to-date separates they're comfortably casual yet dressy and light-hearted enough to go anywhere this spring Margaret mixes Sears texture blazer and the small-collar striped shirt with trousers while Wendy wears a shawl collar blouse and the slimmed down dental skirt color coordinated these great-looking separates will come together beautifully for you spring's mixable matchable up-to-date separates get them at most larger Sears retail stores a blend of polyester rayon and silk making them easy care wrinkle resistant top them off with white on white polyester and cotton blouses fashion is your fate that junior bizarre available at most larger Sears retail stores into Sears radio theater brought to you five nights a week by Sears robot and company Sears where America shops the Afro-Western-er was written by Odie Hawkins produced and directed by Elliot Lewis your host was Lorne Green our star was Brock Peters also heard were Parley Bayer Peggy Weber Norman Alden Len Berman William Lally and Marvin Miller the music for Sears radio theater was composed and conducted by Nelson Riddle Art Gilmore speaking the Elliot Lewis production of Sears radio theater is a presentation of CBI what if you went off to college and found that you were different from everyone else and everything was designed for them not for you suppose you went to the library and all the books you needed were in braille and you were the only one who couldn't read you'd feel left out wouldn't you and what if you went to class and found that there were no chairs because all the other students rolled in with their own wheelchairs suppose one of your professors gave his lectures talking with his hands only his hands and everyone understood sign language except you you'd think it wasn't fair well that's how handicapped people feel now when they go to college and find extra handicaps but things are changing and we have free information that can help write closer look box 1492 Washington DC two oh oh one three a public service message on behalf of the United States Office of Education here's an important tax tip from the internal revenue service if you're 65 or older there are some special tax breaks that you can claim like a double personal exemption that's right an extra $750 for yourself and still another if your spouse also is 65 or older and there are advantages if you decide to sell your home and move to a smaller place there's also a tax credit for the elderly they're all spelled out in one of IRS's free publications number 554 tax benefits for older Americans you can get copies by calling the IRS toll-free number listed in your telephone directory or you can order by mail there's even 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Hey, it's three o'clock. I'm Jay Fidel. This is ThinkTech. More specifically, this is Energy in America. And that's Lou Pugliarisi, the handsome fellow on the other side. And the title of our show is The International Energy Agency releases its post-COVID world energy outlook. I'm so interested to hear what happened here. But you know, first, Lou, welcome to the show. And second, what is the International Energy Agency? So I thought we should talk about that for a second. So if you recall, perhaps you and I are the only ones who could think back this far. In 1973 and 74, we had enormous gas lines in the United States. I thought you had them in Hawaii, but in the continental United States, in the mainland, we certainly had them. And the United States and much of the Western world who were large net importers of crude oil and petroleum products suffered under an embargo by certain Arab members of the Organization of Oil Exporting States, or OPEC. And that disruption was viewed as a serious, not just an economic, but a security threat to the industrialized democracies. At the time, we were still in a major confrontation with the Soviet Union. China was just a kind of what you call the hidden kingdom or the dark kingdom. We didn't know much about China, except that Mao was there. And there was enormous concern. So Henry Kissinger and the Western began to negotiate a joint agreement between the major industrialized democracies, a kind of subset of NATO, or mostly NATO countries, to share supplies in an oil emergency and begin to undertake collective action, including a lot of research, on what we should do about the growing problem of and the security threat from the importation of insecure and expensive imports of crude oil. And so the IEA was born in that period. And since then, it's a membership has expanded, with the OECD has expanded. It even has a number of associate members and has regular contact with countries who are not members such as China and India. So the International Energy Agency is now the considered many respects, not only the gold standard and what's happening to world petroleum markets, or what's what should we do about policies. It has also taken on the mantle of looking at what does the West need to do to address the climate threat. Oh, interesting. So what influence does it have? What power does it have? So part of its power is that the ministers, the energy ministers or economic ministers of the major OECD countries participate in its proceedings and give policy advice, guide it, guide its direction. So it's it has a lot of standing as a political institution, but it's also it's although we might from time to time quibble with some of their estimates and the kinds of things they work on, I would say they are considered quite authoritative on what's happening in the world energy markets. Not only that, what the future, what does the future look like in all kinds of areas of nuclear power, renewables, oil and gas, what's the nature of the climate challenge in front of us, and what should we be doing to address it? This is major. How often do they meet? Where do they meet? Do they rotate? The International Energy Agency has a full time director, executive director. It's a political appointment that rotates, but it's now by a man by the name of Fatih Birol. He is a Turk. He has been in that position for well over six or seven years. I presume it will rotate at some time in the past. Generally, the way it works is a non US member is the executive director and a US member is always the deputy director. So it's part of our deal with the European tradition. It's been a European a few years ago. We did have a Japanese executive director and it's a very important organization in the world energy community. Does it stand in good graces with this administration? So many international agencies have been shot. As far as I know, yes, it was quite active in the recent negotiations with OPEC. It played a large role in the negotiations with OPEC during the first stages of the demand collapse. DOE and Secretary Broulette regularly attends meetings there. Fatih Birol has met with President Trump. It is an organization that has recorded extensively both the unconventional revolution in oil and gas production in the US and the shale gas revolution. And it is the big proponent of the expansion of natural gas as a bridge fuel for addressing climate issues. Okay, so you mentioned that. You mentioned that they're interested. This organization, let's call it the IEA, has interest and tries to develop policy around climate change. But what about renewables? I hate to use this term, but what about green energy? So it does a lot of work on green energy. It provides guidance on strategies for implementing aggressive green energy strategies, wind and solar. Many of their reports, some of their reports they charge money for because they're suffering a budget constraints like all of us, but much of their work is available in open source material. So either work, they've done a lot of work on and they do these major audits. They do an audit of the other members like Mexico or Switzerland or France and I think they've done some major assessments of China and India as well. And these are public? These are all public. Everything is published. Occasionally they have to pay for it, but everything is published. So if I go to their website, it's easy enough to find it. The International Energy Agency, I'll be able to find a lot of their work there. You will, you will. And we have presented before the staff there and we participated in both OECD programs and IEA programs in other countries. Okay, so let's get to the meat here. This is the outlook, I guess that's a report that they released. This is quite important. Once a year they put together a long-term outlook and they tried to look out 20, 30 years. Looking at 20, 30 years in the energy world is a mug's game, so to speak. It's very tough to do. We are in the process ourselves now at looking at the history of energy modeling and I should have shown you one of the charts. It's just hilarious. The ability to figure out what the future holds, even with a lot of brain power, is enormously difficult and there are a lot of surprises on the technology side, a lot of surprises on consumer behavior and there's a lot of surprises on the supply side. For example, the shale gas revolution in the United States was a major world disruptive event in the sense that I would say five, 10 years ago, 10 to 12 years ago, U.S. energy planners, U.S. capital expenditures were being spent at huge rates including large plans for the U.S. to build importation facilities for LNG and we're talking at one time the plans were for as much as 40 major LNG importation facilities throughout the United States and natural gas now which is priced at $2.88 or $3 was routinely priced in the United States at $10 to $12 a thousand cubic feet of million BTU. So you could think about what the disruptive nature of that is in a very short time the U.S. went from expectations of becoming a major importer of natural gas to now expectations of being a major exporter of natural gas. Yeah it's interesting over the past few years but you mentioned other factors. A little comment in there. All these people who want to stop shale production. Well have they succeeded? They had thought about it. If they knew it was coming and they had been able to stop it 15 years ago, we would be a major importer of natural gas and dependent upon everything from Arab sheathdoms to other less than friendly sources for our natural gas. You didn't mention other factors that might affect the the planning process and I let me throw some things that come to my mind about it. Number one is you do have activist groups around the world. I'm not sure how strong they are relative to a year or two ago. I mean COVID has affected everything but that's a factor that would that would certainly influence planning. The other factor that strikes me is the geopolitical developments. I mean for example hostilities, border skirmishes, you know supply demand. You did mention supply demand but supply demand arguments. For example the pipeline from Russia to Germany. Those things could affect planning and you don't know how it's going to work out. Yes of course the U.S. has taken a very hard line on that. I mean presumably Putin is Trump's friend but he's taken an extremely hard line on that pipeline but Angela Merkel is not going for that. She sees the political relationship with Russia at a different plane than the Nord Stream 2 project which is this pipeline you're talking about as a commercial project which is separate from the political relationship. Hopefully so but let me ask you one more question before we get into the slides and you know a substantive discussion of their outlook on post-COVID. You know we recently had this deal between Israel and the Emirates. How does that and thus a change in the complexion of the Middle East? A change in the tone if you will of the geopolitics in the Middle East have changed. I mean rather quickly and query how does that affect the whole you know energy phenomenon. Actually that's an interesting point that people haven't talked too much about. If you think about the shift in expectations partly because of an a lot not just because of but largely because of the shale gas oil and gas revolution in the U.S. and the U.S. as a energy-dominated player if you like the Trump one but actually a net exporter if you take Canada, Mexico and our integrated market the North America is a net exporter of oil and gas to the world. We are not a net importer so you shift out all the pluses and the minuses more oil and gas goes out of North America then comes in and so that is probably be one of the main features that the long-run price of oil is going to be closer to $50 a barrel than it is going to be 100 and the long-run price of gas is treated in the Asia-Pacific markets probably would be closer to $6 than it is to $12 or $14 and that has had a big effect on many Petro states it's lowered their their outlaw their income it's reduced their their geopolitical maneuverability it's hurt their leverage particularly in regional rivalries and I would suggest it probably does factor into the fact into the I mean Iran does as well but the era I would say the Gulf Arab states very much worried about Iran their ability to wield the oil weapon as a leverage against the Western powers is a lot more difficult and probably making peace with Israel is not a bad outcome for them right now. Yeah okay well let's let's talk about the report itself from the IEA you have a bunch of slides this is going to be really interesting to see what they think and in the context of a very difficult planning process. Yeah so let's take a look first at what happened let's look at the first picture so I think this is very interesting so this shows you what happened in one year and so and that there's several let's say metrics here that are worth looking at the first one as you can see is coal so coal consumption in the world is declined by seven percent in just one year and by the way Eprinc along with probably our sister think tank in Japan and with some experts from China and India are going to do a webinar on is the demise of coal you know the potential death of coal is it overestimated and I think it's going to be very interesting because of the post-COVID era we think there's going to be some resistance to moving away from coal to more expensive fuels and we're going to have a little discussion about that and see here that and by the way these numbers like the reduction in gas the percentage reduction in oil all of these are because demand has collapsed around the world because another all of a sudden people said okay well let's let's save some energy and let's go green that's not what's happening people ran out of money they stopped driving they stopped using factories were shut down and this is what happened nuclear power consumption nuclear powers declined interestingly enough there's continued to be some momentum growth for renewables you can see that here about a one percent less than one percent but total energy demand and by the way these are colossal numbers we have never seen anything like this usually what happens demand might flatten out and people will argue over the whether it's going to go three percent or two percent or four percent to see demand drop like this at a at such a massive amount is really unprecedented and of course one of the benefits of this is we've had a major reduction in CO2 emissions right you can see total energy demand CO2 emissions are down down seven percent so while you're sitting at Starbucks with a new job you can take you can take you know uh solace in the fact that your carbon footprint is going down rarely quite rapidly and then finally the thing that's very worrisome to me is the massive loss in energy investment you can see that as the prices of these energy commodities have declined energy investment is dropped by 18 percent does that mean loss of investment or a reduction in investment going forward yeah so there was let's say we were going to invest a hundred now for the plans were for 2020 this is versus whatever we invested in 2019 we invested 18 percent less so we invested a hundred dollars in 2019 we're down to 82 dollars you know what's interesting about that is investors that investors are always looking to the future they're trying to figure out what's going to happen and when you see that kind of reduction and it's a statement by I guess a lot of investors for a lot of investment where they don't believe that this chart is going to recover back to normalcy and we'll talk about that I do think that there is we've seen this before where one of the problems with oil and gas is it's a long-term play and but what happens is cash does it really fit into traditional economic theory but cash flow makes a difference and if uh if people stop buying your stuff your cash flow falls and your board of directors and your stockholders say look you have to stop the bleeding and you might go around say look you know this is a good idea in 10 years we're going to need this well it's okay let's let's wait a while before we decide that so I do think this is uh a good a good point because we may pay the piper on the other end in terms of higher prices now if you look you know one one thing to ask though Lou is that you know okay so I have less economic activity less emissions and and there's a connection obviously between the amount of investment in energy in general because the demand is so reduced but what was the lag time between the time was obvious that the economies of the world were declining and the time the prices declined and the investment declined did they get it right away or did it take a while it was very of course it took a few it was weeks not months because when the demand that's such an unprecedented you know I've heard one commentary say look it says if the government because they did the lockdowns drove an f-150 through your front window that was a big loss and you took it immediately and this is part of my personal view that lockdown the consequences of lockdown have now become so widespread so devastating no government is going to do it again they might do selected protections of the geyser population you know people like me but they're not going we're not going to see massive lockdowns anywhere in the world going I think it's clear maybe we've learned a few things about hopefully we've gotten smart yeah and it's nuanced or it should be a nuanced approach so if you look at average annual growth going out the neck if you look at the next say the next 10 to 15 years in 10 years the IEA is now looked at a comparison of what they call pre-crisis stated policy scenario so stated policy scenario is what business as usual as we're organized now whatever feed-in tariffs we have whatever we have now that we view that is kind of set nothing new but no rollback so that's the blue bar and that delayed recovery scenario in which we have further development and we don't we're not you know we're actually pulling back a bit I think it's interesting to look at and so if we look at what primary energy demand looks like going forward it gives us a sense of what it's going to take to get back to where we were in 2019 now what year can we get back in 2019 given what's happening now on these two scenarios if you take a look at the next picture but let me ask you one about this so you mentioned that this assumes that there won't be any significant rollback of tariffs and the policy around tariffs whatever the tariffs are now they stay in place I don't think but there may be a significant change with a change in administration but I don't affect the change in the chart no yeah I don't think I think energy demand is not dramatically affected by tariffs unless you could make the case that the tariffs are having such a profound effect in global travel global economic activity tariffs do impose a cost these costs can be substantial but they're not enough to move the meter on this thing I don't think not not enough so that you can really see I mean I think I did see that there's been some research that the tariffs may have taken down a half a percent of GMP in the US I don't think they've had the worldwide effect and these are worldwide numbers so you look here at global primary energy demand growth by scenario and you can see here that if we get on what you may call a stated policy scenario we can kind of keep in place what we've got in terms of encouragement of investment we don't really roll back a lot of our initiatives for building out the new oil and gas development new power development renewable development we're not going to get back to where we were in 20 in 2019 to 2022 and with a delayed recovery scenario and that would assume a lot more lockdowns a lot more constraints on letting recovery in certain segments travel industry particularly we wouldn't get back to where we were until 2024 2025 so the COVID is going to take a very long a long a very near term hit in the world energy growth we had a vaccine come right away not that that's going to happen but we had a vaccine come in the near term and and and we had you know an economy that just took off with you know with pent up demand and pent up desire to make money pent up desire to work you know I mean it's been such a short time we've been in COVID that some of these some of these aspirations are are are huge but you can't realize them because everybody's scared about COVID but if if you if you if you let the thing just go all of a sudden the coast is clear seems to me you would have a remarkable recovery not actually I do think that the IEA is probably too conservative that they're not you know they're trying to pick some mid there's some midpoint consensus forecast but you know I like the your optimism I share it I think that this is a big problem in our whole society that we love these apocalyptic views of the world that we're all going to die and that everything that's happening is bad and in fact there is when inherent in the American system the American people a great deal of optimism and once we get the green light I think a lot of people talk about we're going to see revenge tourism you know people are going to start going places and I do think it'll recover I do think there will be some shifts people have learned how to do meetings with this zoom technology but I can tell you and and we we do we talk to each other we have folks in London and and in Japan and around the world and the zoom using it more has really brought us together as a as an institute but on the other hand getting together in person it's it's not the same and there's going to be a lot of interest in doing that so I think we may get a lot of efficiencies out of business meetings and things like this but it remains to be seen and then even so we go to the next picture one of the things that as we go forward right it's important to remember that we still have a lot of people without electricity so in any model and I think I've talked to you we've talked about this before we should be very careful with a rich man's view of how to deal with climate if we don't get these the carbon control technologies and these efficiency technologies migrated to the non OECD world it's not going to happen it's not going to have nearly the kinds of effect you need and if you think a bunch of people in Africa and you got in the you know the evenly specific countries in Africa which is now 600 million people without electricity they are not interested I think there's enormous opportunities for solar wind and hydropower and we did have a deep dive in Africa today which we could do sometime and I and I think there's a lot of potential in Africa with improving interconnections of the grid and cooperation but it's not a place that lends itself to that but we should talk about it on the show yes we have a very interesting uh program looking at Africa I do believe though that the Africans are going to feel a lot of pressure to accelerate their development of hydropower and they will want to use coal how they use that coal what kind of technologies is very important because they don't want intermittent power I think distributed solar can do a lot in Africa but they need a lot of baseload power okay so now here the next chart I think is a very a very interesting one and this is if we took everything we have operating now and then everything that's on the planning board which will be built in the next few years right and we only did that right that's all we did we just built which we which the for the blueprints the stuff we're going forward and everything that we have now in power industry and other our carbon emissions would not start to decline until not I mean it wouldn't substantially come down until you know 2040 to 2050 now keep in mind that chart on Africa that's not in this chart in other words not only do we have to not only do we have all this built in co2 emissions coming forward we're going to have a lot more so without some massive technological advances we're going to have a problem meeting the so-called you know two-degree targets yeah well that's that's a flip side of the question that I posed to you before I mean how long you know how long is the lag time so if you if you if you if you went to renewables how many years would it take to actually drop emissions on a global basis and that's a that's that's a great concern that it takes so long in fact if you go to the next picture and just to re-emphasize my point the red is what has happened between 1970 and the end of 2019 in co2 emissions for the non-oecd world means not Europe not Japan and South Korea not North America Africa Indo-Pacific Asia except for Japan and Korea but that is where that's where actually the low-hanging fruit is where the low cost solutions to reducing co2 and as I said if you go to my last and you know and so far when I go to these conferences when I talk to everyone it's like the man looking for his keys under the light under the street everybody in the west has got money and they're really good at figuring out transformation costs and how to do things but as as I as we point out that's not really where the play is on co2 it's a global problem so that gets back to my so to my last chart here which is a kind of summary of a recent virtual conference in Athens I will we won't we're probably running out of time here so let's not spend too much time on it but I do think that it's time for the the broader analytic community economics the community that I work to step back and thinking about this in a more holistic approach we have a as I said we have a preoccupation with mandates target and transitioning technologies but we're not really measuring where is the high payoff for the lowest amount of money right you know we're not doing a lot enough on timing of benefits and risk analysis and by the way we need to know about the economic environmental cost of net zero if you remember the little the movie we talked about if you're making those batteries and you're you know digging up all the cobalt mines in Africa with child labor and polluting the rivers and things well you need to know about that you need to include that all so I do and once again I just want to emphasize my view that I don't think supply constraints is a good solution for this this is not how you fix this problem you have to change our consumption patterns and you have to advance the technology and you need to transfer that and get people on board in the non-OC I I think that's really an enlightened loop yeah and this is a perfect opportunity for you and e-prink isn't it because you can see the picture you can see the global picture and now maybe COVID has sort of expanded all of our collective thinking about how to how to handle things going forward and you could be instrumental in taking a close analytic look at that you know but much like the other folks in the co post COVID world I suspect we'll be facing some extreme challenges next year to keep to keep going we have a plan but it's not going to be fun so my last question to you is we've been talking sort of in a combination of thoughts here one is what the IEA you know feels is the outlook and the other is is what Lou Plurici feels is the outlook so how is is there is there agreement between you and the IEA? I don't think they would necessarily disagree with these comments I don't think they would necessarily I think they would say well if we do this stuff in the west then we can transfer it or they can see what we're doing but I as I said before if you look at their documents and there's very little work being done to mitigate on the adaption which I think is really the near-term strategy a lot of people need to think about more clearly because we are not going to make some of these goals you know and we're going to have to adapt as well. This is a positive it's a positive side of COVID it's it requires you to rethink going forward. I agree. Take another look at it. Well Lou thank you very much this has really been very enlightening and I'm so glad we talked about this today and I hope that you can you know cover the the African question in the near-term and maybe the next show if possible. I'll have to take a look at it. Yeah we'll do that. Okay. Aloha Jay. Aloha, thanks so much.


recently came across a block deal I got these for 50 cents each there are a lot more that I can take but I only took this many at first and they're pretty old and used and I can you know kind of chip them apart with my thumb like they're still pretty solid but it's easier to chip off the edges than preferable so I don't know if I want to buy a whole bunch of them first I'm going to see if I can reinstrongify them I'm thinking maybe if I take a bucket oh like this bucket right here fill it halfway with soupy cement and then dunk these bricks into it maybe they'll be strong then these were also pretty close by so that definitely adds to the value of them that's half a bucket of water and like half a shovel of cement I guess I'll wait a few days and see if there's a difference probably within three days I should be able to tell if those ones are stronger than these ones well it's been about a week now I cannot chip the edges off those anymore pretty strong yeah so it's not too much effort to turn that into this so I think I'll go get the rest of the bricks or at least we see how many I can fit in the boat today well the tide is high and I got an empty front of a boat all right let's go do it I think I need to clean off the bottom of this boat too all right it'll only take like 15 minutes I save me 15 minutes travel time both most of you can't talk I'm getting tired both mostly cleared off I dropped my spatula in the middle of the deepest part of the canal here almost lost it but I swam straight down and got that slugger I helped a friend to move yesterday which is why the front of the boats all cleared off I did not clean the boat yesterday which is why I was such a mess today and it is going so much faster now so nice only at like half throttle oh you made three-quarters throttle not the easiest loading situation so you get too shallow up here good thing I have parking poles so I can lock the boat in place I have 40 of them on there I was starting to touch the bottom figure I better take off I don't want these that much I'll come back and get some more later I'm gonna try to block the microphone while I'm talking here I just went to visit the guy's house to pay him and he's like oh you could fit more on your boat and I'm like yeah I'm touching the bottom so I'm just gonna take this for now and this is all in Spanish of course and he's like you know when he comes back for war that's like when I have time and then I was like if you want to bring him to my house I'll take him anytime if you want to you want the money sooner he's like oh don't be in don't be in tranquilo you know no no everything's cool you know I haven't driven the shark slicer in a couple weeks and it's easy to forget this boat is awesome I love this boat so good I guess I'll dip these in cement water still to do that pile there but I'm not gonna do it right now I have other things I need to do like going to dig my life is digging right now we're digging I gotta