I think I've watched one too many tree tutorials that show you how to make basically a v-shape for your branches, for a pine tree, when it's got snow on it. And that is not what trees generally look like. They are uneven. Mother Nature does not make a tree that's going to be symmetrical, that's going to have the same size gaps in between each branch. And you not only want to have the shapes of them being uneven, you want to have the colors a little uneven. So add some darks in there. Just drop some in while your paint is wet and your trees are going to look much more natural.


Please, when you make your request for a question, hold up a piece of paper or something, because from this distance we might not see you. Good. John Langmore, could you introduce yourself? Yes, I'm John Langmore from the University of Melbourne, spending a month at wider. Each of the three speakers talked about the need for more evidence and the question really is how can development assistance be used effectively to encourage research in each of the countries, in developing countries as well as developed countries. A lot of it is concentrated in developed countries, but the question is how does development assistance get channeled into research or education in ways that will lead to research so as to generate the kind of information for which you're rightly seeking. Okay, thank you John. That's the tone of the kind of question that we want. Very direct. John is a former member of the Australian Parliament, so please, the next question from this side. We take this side of the room first, on the left hand side, don't be shy, particularly our people who've travelled very far. Yes, sir, introduce yourself and particularly say where you're from, if not local. I'm Sudhakar Reddy from the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Bombay, India. There is a question to Dr. Halanen, and he has presented the costs until 2100. You might be aware, you have to incur future benefits and you have to invest in today. What is the discount rate you take to convert future benefits into present costs? Okay, thank you very much. A very pertinent question about the discount rate. Let's take one more from this side of the room and then I will switch over because I know there are people eager to get in from the right hand side of the room. From the left hand side of the room. We have the shy ones on the left hand side of the room.  Okay, we switched to the right hand side of the room. Okay, we have lots of questions on the right hand side. Could we start from the back? Yeah, could we start from the back? Yes, the gentleman there, please introduce yourself, Yong Fu. Thank you very much. I am Yong Fu Wang from UNWIDE. There's a global consensus and climate change is among the global challenges of our age. There's no doubt we should tackle climate change. And we understand developed countries has been doing lots of work in helping climate change mitigation adaptation in developing countries. But the question is the climate actions or climate finance from developed countries are relatively limited. Actually not enough for the finance required. So my question is from the government point of view, and what has it been doing to encourage private sector to engage in the climate change mitigation adaptation action? Because a private sector is very important for climate actions. Thank you. Okay, thank you, Yong Fu. That's a very pertinent point for all of the private sector. I noticed at the Copenhagen meeting a few years ago, the private sector was very active and desperate for leadership actually from the public sector. Okay, the next question on this side. The gentleman in the middle, we're sort of working down. And I have a gentleman in a blue suit at the back there. So we'll take you first, sir, and then chapter the back. I think it's Augustine. Okay, my question is a little bit in this direction. I know that it's important to understand more how to mainstream climate in development. But at the same time, we also know there is the finance for this, particularly for developing countries. There are the climate fund, the green funds, and also the commitment of some countries to raise 8% to up 1% of GDP. And many of these commitments have not been matched. And then where the money will come from for those actions, particularly when you're talking, you know, that you need around 100 or 200 billion dollars a year in aid, just for climate change. Where the money will come from. And could you just say who you are and where you're from? Okay, Josepho Pindolevira, the UNUIS, Japan. Okay, thank you very much and welcome. So please at the back there, and then we'll come back down to the front gradually. Yeah, to Augustine, please. Sorry, I have the lights in my eyes, so I can't quite see people. Yeah, that's all right. I'm the gentleman in the suit. Augustine, first you and you wider. Thank you, Mr. Chairman and Tony. It is quite clear from the three presentations that there's a strong interaction between climate change and development. In particular, I would like to hone in on the issue of subsidies, which I believe Hennan now mentioned. And to the extent that the demand elasticity is quite low in developing economies, precisely because there's not much substitution, not much alternative. So trying to reduce subsidies may not actually be an effective way as far as climate change is concerned. I think the most impact is likely to be on government finances. So the question I would like to ask then is how can we increase elasticity such that those kinds of policies, such as the reduction in government subsidies, might indeed have a greater impact on the climate change issue. Thank you. Okay, thank you very much, Augustine. The issue there of reducing subsidies is very much the political point. Now, could we take two questions now from the right-hand side to the panel? If we could have the lady here, please, if you could introduce yourselves. Hi, I'm Rianti Gelante, local government from Indonesia, but also PhD student at Mokwari University in Australia. I'd like to have a general comment from the three presenters. Sometimes this is from my own experience working at the local level in Indonesia. Sometimes it's what I have seen so far that all these informations are available, actually. So what I can suggest for development organizations, rather than trying to, like if we were to start the adaptation planning program, we should start from the local government with just increasing their understanding and making them aware that all what available information that are available and now bring them just to make their decision based on what's available, rather than trying the hard way from like downscaling climate information, for example. Thank you. Yes, now this is very important. We're reminded here that, you know, it's not just central government. It's also the main actor. It's also the local government. So if you could take the gentleman there on the very right. I'm going to fit a few more in and then ask the panel to respond because we have a lot of questions. Yes, good morning. I'm Krishna Tiwari from Nepal. I have queries about, from the development agencies. Yes, Danida and Deepit, they have prepared the nice policy and then documented in Nepal also on the climate change, like the NAPA and local adaptations. But the things is the policy and are the very nice in the papers, but the implementation mechanism is very poor. But even we have the very much limited data about now we like our country, the less developed country, we talk about everything happening. They talk, they link with the climate change. Does it is really from the climate change or other activity? We have the very limited research data and also limited capacity, because they are the paper in the policy, but those, they have idea and Danida, they have prepared with the consult of the government. But in the practice, there is a very limited capacity, even the no research. So how these situations, these development assistance help for research and educations in the sectors. Thank you very much. Okay, so there's a lot of talk, a lot of paper, but not enough work on the implementation capacity. So the gentleman on your right, if you could introduce yourself. Thank you. I am Nirmal Kumar BK, Kathmandu University, Paramnipal. I have a short question. Particularly presentation are focused on economic dimension of climate change. And climate change also issue of social issues, inequality issues. And the goal of development cooperation is also reducing the inequality, particularly social inequality. My question is how we link climate change policy development cooperation and inequality, particularly social inequality issues. Thank you. Okay, so very much pertinent for an institute like Wider that's done a lot of work on inequality. And indeed, is climate change actually exacerbating inequality? I think the gentleman to your right was about to ask a question. Could you introduce yourself? Yeah, I'm Darrell Sequer, an independent consultant and an environmental ecologist. My question is quite short, which is that it concerns the mitigation measures, which of course as an environmentalist I would favor. The big challenge I think is whether we have the resources that would be required to make an effective mitigation. Because for instance, if we are to control carbon emissions, there's needed to be a huge revolution in the way we use fuel, et cetera, and stopping environmental degradation and so on. Do we really have the resources to have an effective mitigation measure against climate change? Okay, so the appeal there is are we going to live up to our revolutionary principles with resources? Okay, now unless anybody has a desperate urge to come in with a final question for the panel and yes, I will give it to you, sir, please introduce yourself. That's all right. Thank you so much, Chair, for giving this opportunity. And thanks a lot to all the panel members for excellent presentation. My point is one of the speakers has put forward the need for removing subsidies. That's well appreciated and in fact many countries like, say, India, for example, has been responding in a way to cut down on subsidies. As I understand, the subsidies is meant to address the consumption side of the issue in the sense, not the supply side, but the consumption side, reduce the energy consumption or improve the energy efficiency in consumption as such. But I would put a question to the panel, do you have a similar or a parallel thing in the industrialized world? Means a mechanism where the consumption patterns can be controlled. You're suggesting subsidies for cut-off subsidies for developing countries, a parallel industrialized countries where consumption patterns can be controlled by means of a mechanism. If you can suggest that, I would appreciate it. Okay, and you are from, sir, I didn't quite catch that. Sudhakar Ritlap from Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai. Okay, welcome. So, let me return to the panel and we have a range of questions for you. Just to recap, we have a question from John Langmore about how ODA can be better used to encourage more research on the questions of both developed and developing countries. There's a question particularly to Mico about the thorny issue of the social discount rate, which for enthusiasts of theoretical economics is crucial, but is also crucial for practical action. So maybe Malcolm will follow up on that one. Youngfrew from Wider is asking about, well, you know, we have a big story here about climate change, but are we actually living up to our promises from the rich world? Either Malcolm or Henning might want to take that one. He's appealing for more private sector action. Augustin is raising the very important issue about how we really analyse subsidies and how we manage the phasing out of those subsidies when there are limited possibilities of substitution in energy choices. Our lady from Indonesia has urged us to think about local government, not just national government, which is obviously crucial in the larger countries as well as the smaller. Our gentleman from Nepal was urging us to look beyond our paper to implementation capacity, and his colleague was appealing for more work on inequality and climate change. Any of the panel might like to take that. And then our environmental ecologist was saying, well, we have a revolution on our hands, but where are the resources? Finally, our gentleman from India, of course India is very pertinent at the moment because there's a big discussion in the Indian government about the reduction of energy subsidies and actually the impact of that on poverty and inequality, so it's a real political hot potato. So any of the panel might not care to take that. Okay, so gentlemen, who would like to go first on those responses who is going to stand up bravely to the challenges that our audience is posing us? Malcolm, you look a very brave man. Thank you very much. On the first question, I won't necessarily go through all the questions because I'd like to share some of the joy with my panelists. On the first question on how development assistance can be used to encourage research, I think one way is, I mean DFID does fund an enormous amount of research, and often the way we structure our research is to try to establish collaboration between Northern Research Institutes and universities and research institutes within the developing world. So often that is a condition of the support that we provide. So I think that's one way. The other way is actually we can help generate the evidence ourselves and certainly with the resources where we are ourselves, our earmarked climate funds, and there's 2.9 billion over four years for climate change, we have a very, very strong focus in that on monitoring and evaluation. So this itself should start generating evidence on what works. So again, hopefully, we know so little about what effective climate action is in many respects. Yes, we can take lessons from development. Yes, we can take lessons from disaster risk reduction. But on some of the more tricky issues, we do need more evidence. So I think monitoring and evaluation and the data sets that should generate would be good if researchers could pick up on some of this and synthesize the findings and challenge some of the things that come out. The question on discount rate, Tony kindly asked me to address that. I think the specific question was in relation to the table that was put up or the graph that was put up. I don't know the answer to that one. What I will say is that I think we do need to look at discount rates. I don't think we need to look at discount rates and fiddle the discount rate in order to get the result we want on climate change. But I think discount rates were a big issue in Project Appraisal back in the 60s. I think thinking has moved on and certainly in the last 10 years there's been an awful lot of thinking on discount rates. And I think now there is an emerging consensus in the economic profession that you shouldn't use fixed discount rates. Where you have uncertainty about future growth rates it is appropriate to use declining discount rates. And these aren't declining because of behavioural economics and hyperbolic discount rate, discounting. This is more because of the uncertainty in the future growth. There is a really quite exciting literature emerging on discount rates and certainly the use of declining discount rates. On the private sector, I will answer this one because we are trying to put quite a lot of our resources to work with the private sector. In part we need to understand what the market failures are that is hindering the private sector. Within the UK government we have a very strong rationale for our public spend. So we want to make sure that our spend is additional to what would otherwise have happened. And that means that what we can't afford is for our spend simply to displace what the private sector would otherwise have done. So there is a strong notion that our resources have to leverage in additional private sector resources. So in part it comes down, as I mentioned earlier, to understanding what are the barriers, whether they be market failures, government failures or just behavioural inertia that is withholding or holding back the private sector. But we are also exploring whether we can work with the private sector in new ways. So we are exploring use of funds or funds in order to leverage in more private resources. So equity finance, the extent to which debt is an issue. We are looking at the different market failures, if you like, within the financial sector. I will leave questions on subsidies to others. I think your point on local government is a good one. I think that links in many ways with the question of implementation capacity. I think again this comes down to the fact that these things take time and we can't build capacity in all things at the same time. So I think it comes down to prioritisation. And I think a purely bottom-up approach is obviously good in many ways. But a purely bottom-up approach, if you are not looking long enough ahead, risks being maladaptive. So yes, ultimately the reactions have to be local. But I think having a longer term and higher perspective on things can also be good. Okay, thank you Malcolm. Of course Malcolm will be here for further discussion. Henning, I'd like to turn to you. Denmark and the Nordic region as we've said has an outstanding record in environmental policy and climate. But we're dealing with developing societies of great diversity. What's your perspective on this as a donor in the conversations that you have with poultry makers? Well I think that if I may start just a little on some of the questions first and then perhaps revert to that issue. But I think that it might be linked to that. I mean some of the challenges as I try to outline we see, I mean this is fairly complex. I mean the question is to what extent ODA in fact can be a vehicle and is a significant vehicle with respect to moving on climate change issues. I fully agree with the consideration of the role of the private sector. We also having a stronger view on the private sector, a stronger view on innovative financing. The question about that, will we ever raise the funds available or needed to really to combat climate change within the ODA portfolio? I think we all agree for sure we will not. I think the frustrating issue at the moment is that there's a lot of funds around standing idle which basically is doing no difference out in countries to say it very simple. And that's where it comes back to these issues on local implementation capacity and I very much agree with what was mentioned from Indonesia that's what we realize ourselves that basically the problem is a little to get this connect. And as Malcolm is saying, we're not overnight building up that capacity to absorb and to bring these funds into real action but it's something we should have a much more firm focus to, much more firm focus on getting results. And on the research issue because we need the research, I mean we need the evidence to support this action because we also need the evidence to get our political system, not only our but also the countries political system to understand the urgency of these actions. To get that in place, we need of course to improve research and there was a question of what we are doing to improve the research in our partner countries. And I think as Malcolm is saying, it's not an easy issue. I mean we have been struggling around in Danila with this for many, many years. We are having, I can just say, a very strong focus on trying to reach out in our partner countries with research capacities. How exactly we'll do that is a very good question. There are a lot of options. We are not there yet. But I think some of the support we have been having for the African Economic Research Consortium is a good example of how you can work with networks in Africa on some of these issues because they have been doing quite a lot of nice work on economics and climate change. I'm not an economist and I'm not going to go too much into this subsidy issue but I'm mentioning it because we all know you asked for an example. I mean this is a political issue. I mean do you want to change the way your society is running or do you not? And of course there's a lot of business interest in this. But let's take, I always put that example of the introduction of renewable energies in Denmark. I mean the introduction of wind energy into the Danish energy mix. That was only possible because of an active or proactive political decision on bringing subsidies into that system. For 10 years it was possible to get a feed-in tariff which was subsidized but which made it attractive for people to invest even local people into wind energy. So you need to actively to do this. But for the political system to work with these kind of models they need to know what they're dealing with and that's where the research comes back into the system. So we need better modeling of what are the consequences of this not only economically but not at least as I mentioned from Indonesia the socio-economic issues. Yes we do a lot of plans and strategies. I mean we have to realize that ODA cannot change everything. I think some of the things we can do as we did and are doing in Nepal and we're still in Nepal we are doing yes of course to work with the government and some of these issues. So I very much agree that building regulation, registration and framework and strategy will do the whole trick but it's part of the game and it's probably a place where ODA can do a difference but again it has to be of course combined with building local capacity for action for implementation. Okay thank you very much Henning. So I would now turn to Miko. Miko in your presentation you appealed for a revolution in society as the integration of science and economics as resonated by Malcolm. A number of the questions related to this revolution. Do we have it? I would like to say the name of the bar or restaurant where it's happening tonight but actually that's a joke. First with regards to the question about this discount rate in this particular case I'll provide you with the source of that study it was referring to a 3% discount rate and I'll give you the source to it but I would like to say that I fully agree what Malcolm said and my point only point here is now that it's important that the discount rate comes out of the black box. It has been many times in the black box and politicians decision makers don't know what it has been and what the change in it would mean for the outcome of these calculations. That's my main point that the discount rate is on the table and people understand what it means for these calculations of costs of inaction or action. That's what I can add. With regards to the point on local adaptation I fully agree on that one. Yes in most cases there is enough information to go about it. People have been adapting to natural climate variability and will do so also but in the future the big picture because coping is not enough. Usually the objective is poverty reduction and it's not enough just to manage and cope. And with regards to the question from John about maybe research collaboration yes for instance the Finnish government is also doing a lot exchange of students and there maybe what I would like to add is that there is a possibility to engage more non-governmental organizations NGOs to work also with the education of the maybe primary education also and see what can be done there and maybe on the media side. And to maybe conclude about do we have the means and resources to change things and maybe to this question about revolution then easy answer would be that we don't have a choice but and then we can also look to the history and we can look at this European continent and we have seen a major wall being cut down and then if again you go a little bit further back you have seen us build the wall so you can find good and positive and negative cases from the history. Very much I would say that it's a question working on climate change since the past 10-15 years it's a question about transformation and hopefully it's going to be peaceful transformation management what we need. I think that's a very good theme on which to end this session the need for peaceful transformation but also effective transformation. I'd like to thank our panel Miko, Malcolm, Henning for getting us off to an excellent start I'd like to thank you, the audience for your excellent participation


Thank you for checking out this video. So this is going to be an update for what is coming to the shudder horror streaming service for the month of September Thankfully, I'm getting to this right now. I'm what I'm going to try to do is get them Get this out as soon as I get the email from shudder. That's kind of laying all this stuff out So everybody you all watching this know what is coming what you can get excited about and all that jazz So I'm gonna go through it because it might take a little bit. I'm gonna read the descriptions and everything Sorry, I you know when I look like this when I have like actual collars to my shirts It's because I just came from work and I want to want to get this information out there So the big thing the big thing we all know about if we've been following shudder stuff The their original creep show series is going to be happening September 26th From what I hear it's gonna be six full episodes and each episode is gonna have two stories to it so they have They sent information on what their first two stories are gonna be for the first episode So it's going to be one called gray matter Which is gonna be based on a story by Stephen King and adapted by Byron Willinger and Philip de Blasie Directed by Greg Nicotero who is also the showrunner Synopsis doc and chief two old timers in a small dying town Brave a storm to check on Richie an alcoholic single father after encountering his terrified son at the local convenience store That's the first one second one. I am I'm excited about the first one also excited about the second one Because it's one of my favorite horror authors right now who wrote it is Josh Mallerman So it's written by Josh Mallerman and directed by John Harrison Uh, it synopsis Evie discovers her new dial house might be haunted and that's it Love that very short to the to the not really to the point because it's not telling you too much But short and gets you very very interested. I like that So I'm very excited for creep show to be coming out. Um So it says that the creep show it's going to be every thursday through the end of october So starting the 26 of september finishing on the 31st of october, so Everyone should be excited about that. So we're just going to get one episode per So I will tell people right now. There is a distinct possibility that I might be getting Early access to watch it at least just the first episode. I don't know if it'll be all episodes I'm assuming just the first episode of it. So in the case that that happens keep checking my channel If I get that I will definitely be watching it as soon as I'm able to and putting up a no spoilers review So people can know my feelings on at least that first episode and hopefully get excited about it I'm assuming they will be getting excited about it because if you haven't seen the trailer, it looks pretty good Not like that's necessarily going to show you a ton, but you know So, uh, one of the films that's going to be added is hell house llc three lake of fire and this will be september 19th Um, I am not excited for this one at the moment just because I haven't seen the first movie or the second movie So I do need to check those two out, which I believe they're currently on shutter at the moment So I could check those out and then see this one I'm not going to read the description for that because it probably has spoilers for people who haven't seen the first or second one So check out synopsis for that for yourselves online Next we have the wrath Which I have also asked for Early access for this film so I can try and check that out before it hits Shutter and it's supposed to hit shutter thursday september 5th. So in about a week So if I can get it before then have early access and watch it then I will put up a no spoilers review before it hits so the wrath is It's a foreign film. It's from korea in the supernatural creeper creeper set in 14th century korea It curses killing the sons of the kingdom's highest ranking official When the final son dies his pregnant widow akbun Must face vicious family politics and the vengeful spirit descending on the household a remake of 1986 korean horror essential Woman's wail the rate the wrath is elegant horror with funhouse chills Sounds interesting always down for some foreign films, especially some foreign horror films. I'm also just down to check out whatever so Um, so this is interesting So there's a shutter exclusive that is going to be announced And it's going to be september 12th is its release date on it and they just have it as tba on here to be announced Um, so I don't know what that would be now I thought oh because there's another one in september that they haven't announced yet And they have his tba and it's later in the month and I'll give you that date when I get to it But I thought oh, baby This is the new joe bob briggs season And then I looked into it on the shutter and joe bob is a shutter original on there Not a shutter exclusive so exclusive versus original means if it's exclusive It's a film that was already made And then shutter got the rights to have it on their streaming service exclusively for them If it's original it means that they basically paid for the production of that movie or show or whatever So joe bob briggs is an original and not an exclusive So I don't think these are going to be yet, but I do have a theory that I think it in october Might be when they're going to do joe bob But you know, that's just a feeling I have so don't put any stock in that necessarily So the september 12th is one of their to be announced. So keep your eyes on that one Uh, there's also a september 24th. This is a to be announced. So 12 days later So we'll all keep our eyes on that one. Um, I'm excited slash interesting September 9th. Now, this is one that I've heard a lot of good things about I keep meaning to watch And I keep just not watching it because I forget train to busan I'm not big on zombie films overall nowadays because they're just so overdone But I have heard that this one regardless is definitely worth checking out because it's really well done. So I will Uh, director hyun sang ho Uh, when a mysterious virus breaks out across the country the infected turn into the murderous murderous undead a few terrified travelers find themselves trapped on a bullet train from hell Fighting for their lives as hordes of the living dead crash towards them Crawling closer with every stop suspicion is rife and tensions run high as some will do anything to make it To the safe zone and survive Sounds good. Sounds very typical kind of zombie-esque. But like I said, I've heard it's really good and definitely worth it So I'm going to check that out now september 16th hands of the ripper by director peter said Sassity the infant daughter of jack the ripper is witnessed to her mother's brutal murder at the hands of her father 15 years later. She had grown into a troubled young woman who is seemingly possessed by the spirits of her father Well in a trance. She continues his murderous killing spree, but has no recollection of the events afterwards A sympathetic psychiatrist takes her in and is convinced he can cure her condition soon. However, he comes to regret his decision Okay, um I'm in the middle on that. I could check it out. Uh interest level for me is just kind of maybe Uh, september 23rd twins of evil by director john huff Uh, after being orphaned two beautiful identical twins moved from vienna to the village of carnstein To live with their uncle a fanatical puritan Nearby the count of the village is performing a sacrificial right to raise his ancestor the vampire countess After she bites him. She too becomes a vampire and sets off in search of victims peter cushing is in it Oh, they usually have the years in here of when they came out, but this one doesn't have it So this must be an older one because peter cushing is is in it that one's I'm I'm kind of interested in that one for me like zombies and vampires It has to be like particularly interesting for me. Don't really want to check it out So vampire circus by director robert young Uh, this one is also coming out on september september 23rd A circus arrives at a serbian village where it will perform a show for the local inhabitants Many of them believe that the plague that has gripped their village is the result of a curse inflicted on them years before By count midderhouse a vampire Unbeknown to them the leader of the circus is the count's cousin Intent on reviving his relative relative and having his revenge That one sounds interesting to me. Probably we'll check that one out september 30th the taking of deborah logan by director adam robbattel Uh, or robbattel. I don't know after months of searching Mia has found the perfect subject for her phd thesis film on all simer's disease For the next several months cameras will record the everyday life of deborah logan and her daughter sarah Mia and her crew will document the physical effects the disease on deborah The physical effects of the disease on deborah and the emotional and mental toll it takes on sarah her primary caregiver As they begin the filming the cameras record deborah and sarah's day-to-day activities With Mia noting the telltale signs of the progressive disease as the days progress strange things happen Begin to happen around deborah that are not consistent with any findings about all simer's Something else has taken control of deborah's life and evil threatens to consume anyone and everyone who try to stop it So there you go, and that's actually it um So it seems super light, but one of the main reasons being we have those two To be announced titles, which i'm like i said, i'm very very interested to find out what they are going to be So um, yeah, that's it. So let's put some comments down here. What are you most excited about for this september? I'm personally most excited about Uh, obviously the creep show series because this has really been building up for some time now And obviously the to be announced ones other than that Oh train to busan because i've just heard so many good things about that's the other big one But i would check out the other things i think um, but yeah comment down there. What are you interested in and um Yeah, we'll go ahead and see if you haven't yet. Please hit that subscribe for me. I really appreciate it I'm just doing this for fun and for free But i would like to have more followers more people i can interact with and just know that more people Are getting use out of what i'm doing with this But thank you very much to shutter for the media updates I really appreciate it and that i can kind of provide this service through that and um, yeah Thanks everyone and until next time keep it brutal


Hello friends, welcome back to another episode here on the channel for anyone new to the channel. My name is Lee also known as Osiris and in today's episode we're going to be featuring a rain team and continuing on with our BGC 2021 content. As you can see, the team is on your screen right now. This is a team that will be featuring today. As always, there will be a podcast down in the description and we will throw a rental code up at the end of the episode in case you'd like to take this away and try it for yourself. I'm pretty excited to try this team out. Rain is definitely one of my favorite archetypes, definitely favorite weather. If you've known me for a long time, so I'm looking forward to trying this one out today and showing that Rain has a real good place in the format. We'll jump into the games and we'll explain the team as we go. So without further ado, let's jump into our first match of today. Okay, our first opponent up today is playing a team of Latias, Metagross, Reggie, Alecki, Urshifu, Hitran and Wimsacott. So straight away, you can see they've got that prankster tailwind on the Wimsacott there. It's going to provide speed control for the entire team. It's going to make it difficult to perform well with the Politoed Kingdra because with that tailwind support, then the Latias becomes a bit more of a threat to Kingdra. In particular, Reggie Alecki again is one of those Pokemon that can cause us all sorts of issues as well. I do think Kingdra is very good in this match, but maybe it's a Pokemon that we bring maybe late on in this game. Now, what are our options here? I think, you know, really, like having fake out support with Rillaboom isn't a bad option at all. What other options has my opponent got really on the team? I'm not really sure what the Latias does in this build, but we need to be quick on what we're going to choose. I think I'm going to leave Kingdra. I'm going to leave Rillaboom. I'm going to bring Politoed. And what's our last Pokemon going to be? Bottom Heat or Reggie Steel? I think Reggie Steel is pretty nice here. Now, actually, change my mind. I think Rotom Heat is a better one. It gives us a nice switch into stuff like Heatran, stuff like Reggie Alecki. And it gives us a bit of more firepower against the Metagross and the Whimsicott. So it makes a little bit more sense to bring that in this match. Whereas Reggie Steel could be good, but it's going to be threatened heavily by, you know, the Urshifu and especially a few of the other members. If things get boosted up, you're looking at the Metagross probably with weakness policy at a margin. But you can never quite tell. So we'll get into this first one today. We'll see how the team kind of gets on here, but it's going to be a little bit awkward. I think things like Whimsicott always make when you're utilizing a weather and a kind of a weather abusing ability like Swish Swim or Chlorophyll. It makes it a little bit more difficult to really get the most out of it. But we do have the opportunity here. We do have the opportunity right here to go for fake out into the Whimsicott and go for Max Airstream, which is a nice option for us to kind of kick off with this first turn. Now what is the Metagross going to do here? And does the Whimsicott actually stay in? Now what we need to do is just take a look at my opponent's team. Do they have really anything that is going to benefit coming in on an Airstream? They could have Heetran. Don't mind that. They have Reggie Lecky. Not too bad. I think I'm going to go for it, you know. I think I'm going to go for... The problem is doing it this turn is if the Whimsicott has Protect, which it likely has. And then they just get the Tailwind up the next turn anyway. But on the off chance that they don't have Protect, it's always good. Like say if they don't. If they don't have Protect and we are able to remove the Whimsicott right now, it takes away their entire kind of form of domination over this rain team. It takes away the Tailwind. So the riskier versus the reward is pretty reasonable, I think. And that's what you're kind of trying to weigh up in most situations. It's harder to gauge in the best of one because you're going to be surprised by certain moves, certain plays, certain strategies and definitely certain combinations. But in the best of three, you know, it's always a good thing to use in any match. But it's harder in best of one, I feel, than it is to kind of... Yeah, so this isn't the worst thing in the world. So we're going to see a Helping Hand come out. The Fakeout breaks the Sash, which is the main thing for us here. And then the Kingdra is going to get its Airstream up, which is ideal. So the ideal situation for us right now is to lose the Railer Boom. So we get the Free Switch into Polito to get our Rain up. And then the next turn we've got an amazing way for us to utilize and take advantage of Kingdra's like big, big power, the Mind Stone coming out. Okay, well Helping Hand boosted. It's not going to be quite enough. It does a nice chunk of damage. It does remove our grassy terrain, puts the psychic terrain up on the field, which is going to further boost the Metagross. So I think immediately we need to switch out Railer Boom here. We want to be getting the rain on the field. Depends what comes in next to the Metagross. That'll be a big kind of pointer for what we want to do. But you've got to keep in mind that Railer Boom is going to be with that speed boost here. Okay, now I think we go, where do we want to target? I want to target into the Yershafu.  And I really want to remove it from the field now. Now the Whimsicot probably has the sash. So I don't think Yershafu has a sash. It's more likely that the Yershafu has the band. So I'm going to airstream the Yershafu. We get rid of that. We bring in Poly Todd. My opponent's got two Pokemon left then. I'm assuming they're going to target down the Kingdra this next turn. And then we perish song and we win the game. So if everything works out like I've just planned in my head, then it should be quite straightforward. But it's not always as easy as that. So let's see how it plays out. Yeah, no protector. I'd imagine it is Bandershafu. It's sash! It's sash! Oh my gosh! It's sash! Okay, well it's still not the worst thing in the world because we are going to be able to get Railer Boom onto the field. Overwrite the psychic terrain. We're going to lose Kingdra here no matter what. Wicked Block coming into the Kingdra. Yep, and a Mindstorm will be going into the Poly Todd. I'd imagine. So Kingdra not getting the most out of its Dynamax turns here in all honesty. I mean we have picked up a knockout. We nearly got two taking the Yershafu down to its sash. Poly Todd should take... Yeah, Poly Todd. Poly Todd is a massive tanky Pokemon. But that was very close. Too close for comfort. Now we'll get Railer Boom onto the field. Yeah, because I think if we remove the Railer Boom, what we could potentially do is switch, predict the protect from the Yershafu, right? Because we got fake out and we got grassy glide. I think what we potentially could do is switch into Rotom here. It's pretty risky because if the Yershafu does attack into the Railer Boom slot, I don't really want to protect Poly Todd. I mean, do we protect Poly Todd? Because the thing is, I don't think we protect Poly Todd here. If Poly Todd goes down, that's fine. I think we can win out this game without it. Yershafu going to switch out. Okay, that's fine. I'm really lucky you're going to come in. If we can get a burn onto the Metagross, that would be incredible. But I think the Metagross is going to be able to pick up the knockout onto the... Oh, we actually had to beat it. If we can get the burn here, that's huge. Come on, Poly. No. Okay. Okay, into Rotom. Okay, we'll activate our Citrus Berry, which kind of helps. The rain is not helping right now. I've got to admit. But we still might be able to do something here. I think we go for another skull. Do we go for a skull? Do we go for the nasty plot? Probably not, because the psychic terrain is up. I think we'll go for... We could perish here. That is an option. But it's likely that the Regi Alecki is going to... Yeah, I think we'll go into Railer Boom. I think we'll go into Railer Boom here. Protect our Rotom Heat. I think it's our best option. And then we've got the ability to have that fake out support to maybe get a nasty plot up. Stole out this rain. But the big thing here is we need to keep Railer Boom healthy for when that ocean food comes back onto the field. So we've got the grassy glide. You know, that is going to be really imperative to us. They're going to have Sucker Punch, for sure. But if we can just stay out of Sucker Punch range, we're in a good spot. And we're probably going to see his head. But I mean, you've got to kind of be worried about the Rotom Heat as well here. You know, we're going to see an ElectroWeb come out. It is going to lower the speed on Railer Boom as we do hit the field. And there's his end headbutt. And it is into the Rotom. So that makes a lot of sense. Now, what are we doing here? How many turns of rain have we got left? I think too many turns of rain, if I'm completely honest, to really make use of a nasty plot. Two turns. Okay. Well, yeah. I think we'd do a nasty plot. And I think the problem is not faking out the Regi Alecki here. Is it ElectroWeb's us and lowers the speed? So Rotom's probably then going to be slower than Metagross. And then Metagross probably going to be able to pick up a knockout onto us. Metagross probably protects anywhere this turn, I think. So it might be worth calling the protector on the Metagross, faking out the Regi Alecki and trying to get a nasty plot up. Hoping the Metagross protects. I think that's what we've got to kind of bank on here. Oh, Regi Alecki protects. Okay. So we get that 50-50 wrong. Yeah. Completely wrong. Okay. Well, get the nasty plot up. But what's this Metagross going to... It has his end head, but the Rotom. Oh, it's not. It's gone after the Rillabooom. Okay. I guess the Rillabooom is a Pokemon that's like a bit more problematic for my opponent to deal with. It's the one thing that's kind of keeping check the... And what I'm going to do is switch in Polytode right... Do we switch in Polytode right now? Or do we just go for a grassy glide into Regi Alecki? Because I don't think... Yeah, Regi... Yeah, the Zen head, but the combination is not going to take down. Yeah, I think what we'll do is... Do we just go for the overheat and the rain onto the Metagross? Yeah, let's just do that. And let's go grassy glide. Let's do that. Okay, Metagross is going to protect here. We're going to see an ElectroWeb. But two grassy glides will take down. Yeah, two of these will take down. Okay, we're going to see the Vault Switch. That's fine. Wow, that's not so fine. That is really not so fine. Because now it becomes a bit more awkward for us dealing with the Urshifu, because the Urshifu protects this next turn. But then if it doesn't protect...   Or does it protect? Yeah, I think we're fine either way, I think.  And then Zen head butters. We still got the grassy glide. We're still going to be in a good spot. But then Reggie Aleckey coming in. It's going to be the thing. And Reggie Aleckey just beats Rotom. Okay, I think we have to... Is that the play? Is that the play? Grassy glide? Or are they going to go for a protect on Urshifu this turn and get Zen head but into really boom? They're going to do that. They're going to do that. Let's go... Ah, no. No, no, no. I'm not risking it. I'm not risking it. I'm not risking it. They might protect here, but I think... Yeah, I'm not risking it. I'm going to just go a grassy glide. We've got to protect the Rotom at the end of the day.  Yeah, okay. Well, we get that right. And then the Zen head but will come in to the really boom. But we're still going to have enough to take down the Reggie Aleckey when it comes back onto the field. So that's fine. And then the overheat just takes down the Metagross because we haven't been electro webbed with the Rotom heat yet, which is the big thing. And for them to get an electro web off, it means they need to take a grassy glide and they're not going to be able to do that. So yeah, here we go. We're going to be just be able to click in both of these. And that should wrap up the game for us. So pretty tricky against this first one. A lot of mind games going on here, but confident now. If the Reggie Aleckey's got protect, it causes a few issues, of course. And especially if our grassy terrain is going to be ending soon. Well, hopefully the Reggie Aleckey hasn't got the protect. And it's got some screen support. Yeah, I don't think it's got it. So it helps us out. So as long as Rotom heat hits its overheat, here we go. We are golden. There we go. Good lad Rotom heat. And that deals with the Metagross nicely. And we wrap up a very, very close game to kick us off with today. But a nice example of how the team can kind of work in other mods, not just the rain course. So yeah, Kingdra did a nice job early on. It's just a lot of guessing games, but it's always like that in the best of one. But it's always nice to kind of come out on top of those. Okay, so next up we have a team consisting of Nyligo, Galarian Maltres, Cinderace, Mamaswine, Spectria, and Whimsicot. We've got another Whimsicot to deal with. So it's going to be not so fun. But we have got lots of things going on here. You've got probably, I think, weakness policy Maltres. I imagine with the eye shot there from the Mamaswine, it makes a lot of sense to have that option there. You've got Trick Room potentially on the Nyligo, but it's probably going to be one of your most standard Nyligos with the Power Herb and the Meteor Beam. Cinderace, interesting. It's a good Pokemon still. Spectria with no redirection is interesting, but you've got fake tier support potentially on the Whimsicot. So that is something that we'll need to watch out for as well. Now, what is the better way to approach this match? Because potentially Trick Room could be a better way to approach this one in all honesty. And Reggie Steel could do a number on the majority of this team. I think that's what we might actually go with. I think we'll go really boom got the tell to help us with that Trick Room setup. And we'll go Reggie Steel in the back. And I think we 100% need Polytod for support here. Yeah, we'll lock in with us. Leaving the Kingdra out. Wow. Okay. Well, we brought Kingdra to Game 1, so it kind of worked out. We'll see how this four, this quad of Pokemon kind of get on in this one. So hopefully it does all right, because okay. But I mean at this stage of a season, when you look at it, it's always difficult. You're always going to face really good teams this stage of any season, because you're going to have very established players that are very, they play a lot of games. They're going to have teams that are, you know, like well built, well rounded, good against the majority of things because of the amount of practice they put in. So end of series always get difficult. You're never going to have an easy game in Pokemon. Right. Okay. Whimsacott and Mamaswine. Are we going to sacrifice Rillaboom so early on to get our, I mean, one option we've got is just going for a grassy glide into the Mamaswine. It's probably going to max though. And we got Trick Room. The other option is Fake Out. Fake Out and Trick Room. I don't mind that too much. I think that's not a bad way. We're not going to see the Mamaswine max. It's probably going to go after the Rillaboom though. Okay. We see an eject button there. Okay. Well, at least we forced the Whimsacott out. And I think we're going to lose Rillaboom. Okay. Well, Moltres coming on to the field. I shot. Okay. Well, we keep Rillaboom then. So that's, that's actually fine. It's not so fine in the respect that we've got Moltres sitting on the field and it's going to be able to potentially get, I think we have, do we, do we, do we, do we, do we, do we, they're going to nasty plot up. They're going to nasty plot up for sure. I think Mamaswine is going to protect as well this turn, which would make a lot of sense. I mean, they may not. I mean, a grassy glide and a side kick isn't a bad option to go for. I mean, Wood Hammer is not a bad option either. I'm going to see, I think it's going to be the Moltres max. I mean, I'd be happy if it wasn't the Moltres, but yeah, it makes sense too. Okay. We're going to see, I think an eye shot into the Moltres to activate that weakness policy. It'll take down, probably got the tell, I'd imagine here. This is not going to be enough. I don't think if it's Sashed, yeah, which it is. Psychic could be enough to take it down unless, yeah, they're not propping a weakness policy, which is good news for us really, because that's the one thing we want to try and avoid with Moltres. We don't want to allow it to get these boosts up unnecessarily. Max Darkness, coming in to cut the tail. And yeah, more than enough without a Cobra Berry, we're never taking that. And is it Life Orb or is it weakness policy? That's going to be the big question here, I think. Right. Well, no Life Orb, likely weakness policy. Rillaboom's still sitting healthy on the field. Now, Reggie Steel or Polytod in this situation, I think Reggie Steel is going to be the one to bring in. And we'll see what my opponent does. We may have to Max Reggie Steel, like straight away off the bat without getting body presses up. I think that might be a better way to do it. Okay. Now I do worry here a lot about the fake tears into Reggie Steel. That worries me more than anything, I think, because, ah, yeah, that's a real pain. Reggie Steel's, okay. Let's pivot out and go for the Max Steel Spike into the, I think we have to do this. I just worry about that fake tears support from the Windsor Cup. That's the one big worry of mine right now. There's my boy Reggie Steel in his dive ball, fitting for a rain team with Reggie Steel. He was destined to be on this team. There he is. What a lad. I do love Reggie Steel. I love all the Reggies. Honestly, I wish we could make Reggie Icework. I've been trying a lot, but it's just not. Okay, Switcheroo, what are we going to see? What are we going to see? That is better than fake tears. That is what we like to see. So the Assault Vest has gone to the Windsor Cup. Is it going to be enough to survive this? No. Okay, we're going to get a U-turn out onto the Maltres, which is, okay, the crypt may be matted there. We are, we are special Flash Cannon. So it maybe did matter. Maybe. I don't know. I don't know. U-turn. It means that we've got at least fake up for later on in this game, and we can preserve that grassy terrain, and we can also get the rain up for any threats that threaten the Reggie Steel, any fire type attack as it might come out. Although I don't know if my opponent has any fire. So maybe it isn't so relevant, but we do get polytode out.  Way better than yeah, than what, what Rillaboom is going to be able to do as we see. Yeah. And then the nice thing now is we can perish song because my opponent's down. I believe to the last two Pokemon are they? Are they down to the last two Pokemon? I'm pretty sure they are. And then the perish song should be able to be enough to kind of close this game out. And with the trick room up, we're in a great position to get that, get that up. Unless we see something that's going to make it difficult for us to do so. Okay, this is fine. This is fine. This is so fine. This is so fine. Last two Pokemon. Let's perish. Let's get that Steel Spike into that Nihiligo. Let's get the game rolling and let's get this Regi Steel rocking because either the perish is going to win or the Regi Steel is going to win. I've got no worries about this at all. The trick room was the right play from the word go. Okay, we're going to see the Nihiligo go for that protect. Well, we don't mind that. It kind of gives us a little bit of space to kind of get the perish up. We'll see what the the Airstream kind of backfiring on my opponent in the trick room. But as soon as this perishes up, the big thing that we need to do after this. Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa. Man, speakers are way too loud. I'm sorry about that. But I do appreciate whoever was following me right there. Massive shout out to whoever it is. I can't see on my screen right now. But yeah, sorry about the bleed. I'll try and make sure and the actual recording. It's not not too bad. We'd see the max darkness come out. We get the perish song up, which is great. Now we're in a nice position to go after the Nihiligo now. It has just protected. We can double into it and then just just make sure that the the Maltres is in a good place to get taken down. It is going to be reverting back to its normal form, though. I think we protect. Do we protect Polytote here? Are we in any danger of going down to the Maltres? I don't think we are really at this point in time. Let's just double check. Trick room still up for one more turn. We're fine. Let's just make sure that we get rid of the Nihiligo. Nihiligo, one of those Pokemon that's very heavy again on the special defensive side. So I wouldn't ever be surprised if it took this. Yeah, it takes it pretty comfortably, you know. So we're going to probably need the rain boosted Skald of Polytote to take this down. Hopefully with the rain boosting it, it is enough. Yeah, just about. Yeah, so Nihiligo's a beast. It is a beast in its own right when it comes to special defense on the defensive side. They're not so good. And Polytote taking the Fire of Wrath, proc'ing that berry and making it pretty easy. So the next turn we can just go for a body press. We can switch Polytote out to really boom. We can lock up this game with the Parish. We can probably lock the game up with the body press, though, and Reggie Steel can take all the glory. But even if not, we've got the we've got the ability to kind of just lock it up with the Parish if we need to. I don't think we will. But I think the teams perform pretty well in this episode. I'm pretty happy with how things have went so far. So that's quite nice. And hopefully it's a good benefit for you guys to see how the team can function different scenarios, I guess. So like I say, we'll switch the Polytote out. Makes sense to just make sure that we've got kind of like something to come in with, at least protect the end of the game. Plus three, we'll body press. It should be enough, like I say, to get the Maltres here. And that should be the game. It's a game. But yeah, I do love rain. And you know, I think Kingdra has a hard time. Since Fairy Types will ever introduce, Kingdra has always had a much harder time to perform in the format. Ludicolo has not performed as well as what I expected it to in this format at all. Which is very surprising to me. Honestly, I really felt like Ludicolo. Wow. Wow. Reggie Steel so good. Yeah, it felt like Ludicolo could have been a really good Dynamics Pokemon. It kind of had its little moment at the very start of Sword and Shield. But it's never really shown since then. So bit unfortunate. Good game to my opponent. And now we'll jump over to get that rental team for you guys. So we'll be right back. Right, here we go friends. Here is the rental code for this rain team. If you do try it out, like I've already mentioned, I hope you have a lot of fun with it. It is an extremely fun team. I think it covers itself pretty nicely. It's got a lot of nice different modes to it. And it's a nice play on rain in general. As I said at the start of the episode, it is one of my favorite archetypes of the entirety of the Pokemon universe. And Polytod is definitely one of my favorite Pokemon. Definitely up there in the top five spot, I would say. So have fun with the team. I hope you've enjoyed today's episode. I hope it's been beneficial, educational and all of that good stuff. And we'll be back very soon with another episode. So just thank you so much for tuning in. Hope you've enjoyed it. Hope you have a great rest of your day. Take care of yourselves and I'll see you all for the next one. Until then, take care. Bye-bye.


The creation myth or Cosmobonic myth is a symbolic narrative of how the world began and how people first came to inhabit it .234 while in popular usage. The term myth often refers to false or fanciful stories, members of cultures often ascribed burying degrees of truth to their creation myths .56. In the society in which it is told, the creation myth is usually regarded as conveying profound truths, metaphorically, symbolically and sometimes in the historical or littoral sense .78. They are commonly, although not always, considered cosmogonical myths, that is, they describe the ordering of the cosmos from a state of chaos or amorphousness .9. Creation myths often share a number of features. They often are considered sacred accounts and can be found in nearly all known religious traditions .10. They are all stories with a plot and characters who are either envies, human-like figures, or animals, who often speak and transform easily .11. They are often set in a dim and nonspecific past that. Historian of religion Mercy Eleane termed in Hello Tempor at that time .1012. Creation myths address questions deeply meaningful to the society that shares them, revealing their central worldview and the framework for the self-identity of the culture and individual in a universal context .13. Creation myths develop in oral traditions and therefore typically have multiple versions 3 found throughout human culture. They are the most common form of myth .7.


Unlocks a gym gerbil slot in the training team Sure Party 42 40 40 40 40 I'll do my 42 first party Range combat scavenging melee combat slow field Ninja you have your hover turret You have it just have to put it on your skills Is that an armory or here in the gadgets Gadgets if you go to your hero screen here, I do upgrade and change. What do I do? Actually when we start a mission, that's when you have to put it on there. Oh, it's on that screen. Okay All right, well, let's do that then I Don't think there's anything else I need to do So I have to find the hidden stash in the successful mission. That's my daily broadcaster mission Whatever that is Okay, so I have to do this again. I think yeah two encampments same thing. Let's do it before you hit start Okay, I've grabbed those two free llama before the reset on the far right. Whoops Can do it now Yeah, go ahead and cancel back out. I didn't even know she had that You don't have to open them. I don't all right, but you can now what time is the reset? Eight. Oh, that's soon. Did it kick me out when I did that? No, oh, I have to go to math.  Oh Wait You got all like double click it sometimes. Yeah, I want it. Oh, whatever. That's fine launch Can you play with me? Sure. You sure can you got llamas already good great. I don't know why even that's They just start you out with llamas now I think we just been getting good spot So usually you have to run around this guy is taking him. Oh He is All right, I don't think I need much Still the principal his name is shady This is true. What are you doing right now? I'm looking for their cabinets. Okay. Oh, there you are. It's like the name disappears and then it pops up disappears So I thought I saw you and then all of a sudden you weren't there anymore. I wonder where my cap is on my materials I haven't seen it yet. I wonder if it's over two thousand And maybe 5k might be fine. Yeah or Also the cake quest repeats That explains why I'm still seeing them. Okay. This this random thing that hits me. I don't know what's going on. Oh The damage is shared on this.  I was like, why am I getting hit? It's like a goose. Oh, you can do that cue while moving Yeah, I've been stopping like a dirt looking real goofy doing it, too There we go. Oh Sorry Apologize just killed everything. That's all. Yeah, you gave me one of those. I'm gonna put that back on Amazing. They just had it like this new cowboy one Shotgun really I'm in true coming out Okay, why is it bringing up the wall when I hit Q? That's so annoying. I don't know why it doesn't But it does that Yeah, the higher you get you get to Neat. Oh that hoverboard wakes up all the husks Good more to kill Overkill. Okay. What is this? Shadow thing running around something really hurts Somebody's taking damage and it's hurting me Oh, give me give me give me give me give me give me Well, I know what I'm using for the rest of the night. I think it's this ninja was taking all this damage. Yeah, man This is crazy for the heel But I bet by that by that by now Somebody's stuck Any free llamas today Not that I know of has a reset yet Time is it I Don't know. I haven't I've been in this mission since the flip. Yes eight now Wait to do that. We did it Yeah Can I have a gun my weapon broke? I need a gun any gun? Nah, you're just trying to bum off free weapons, man. I know that trick Dude, I went to this match. I had like everything. I just told these guys and have a gun They gave me like a legendary. It was the best thing ever. I know that Ninja just broke 10 million followers. Well, congrats to him Wow 10 million followers I remember they made a big deal out of one million the other like a few months ago Yeah, I don't think it's even been a year 10 million followers on twitch 10 he's got 16 million on 15 or 60 million on YouTube This game is ridiculous. I'm not taking away from Ninja, but this game is ridiculous.  I never knew about him until this Yeah, a lot of people didn't know about it until he hit over 200,000 people. What am I looking for? I guess gifts Yes, open some gifts. Yeah, that's a lot of 10 year olds and professional athletes Let's be real. It's not a kids game baseball players soccer players doing fortnight dances in the middle of the world cup on the field Doing pond pond in the dugout They're not kids. Those are there is a rich adults I mean, it's kind of wild that Kids are dreaming to play basketball with their favorite basketball stars But the basketball stars are dreaming to play fortnight with ninja Ninja, can I can I can I can I play fortnight with you? It's wild man. I heard he was trending like higher than shack um She killed on the hill like one week I seen this um story about that with him And they were asking how he felt about it because he was like trending higher than any like professional athlete He couldn't believe that Yeah When he went to the espies man, I was just shocked. It was just He streamed it too. It was just all these athletes Just playing with them. I was like good grief And he went to the espies which was a kind of a big deal Who's who of sports? Award show It's crazy Nobody from nobody from overwatch was there now.  I'm proud of him He comes from humble beginnings. I'm proud of him a lot of people like to hate on him, but I'm proud of him He's he does a lot of good stuff He's goofy like me. That's probably why I can understand it because people come to my stream and they cringe and leave I don't care So when he starts doing wacky impersonations, I'm like, yeah, I do the same thing How many of these did you give me? One So many that they have low like durability Yeah, I know this Did that come with the founders or is that something I can find? No, that's um, you get out the birthday llama. Okay. Okay. Good. I want to get that schematic if I can Hi, can you say my name? Sure um nine six old rare Bob pop got it yes said it tell your friends Random fortnight streamer with 43 viewers said your name, sir I just ruined that guy's day Now, how you doing man, babe hero? Why you had to put the 69 in I'd like to enter that Babe hero 69 Thanks for the ye was that too soon with the 50 bits Thank you, sir. I wish I could change that overlay font and everything.  I got I got my own style with everything and then that plays and looks like a kid with a crayon ties on plays ye with 450 bits So ugly. It's like the worst outline and everything It could be comic sans. It looks like comic sans It's close Yeah, I got to send the author some feedback because that that's kind of ugly Kind of ugly I got a little bit dizzy when um when I was uh When I was shooting the the the rocket launcher right next to me was shaking the screen So I had to calm that down. Yeah, it was making me a little dizzy It was just it just kept shaking it wouldn't stop And then when they take the camera it's so weird. I don't understand it. Why does that? It's so much shake. It's like it shifts your character by a good inch or three Yeah, it's very Disoriented you a lot. Yeah That's the only thing that messes me up in games is when the camera does stuff. I don't expect that's when I get sick I could play at least dangerous fine because I can control everything You play warframe. Yeah, that's true. I play warframe Seizure central game Pretty soon, I'll be level 23 whatever I am I've been stuck at this one level for like a year Yes, skip this Escape Oh, that's what that button does re perk resource used to modify schematic perks I don't think I've ever seen that before 100 gold wall darts smorgasbord llama What does that mean? has like a lot of uh Legendary stuff some mythic sometime So you just got to earn 50. Oh, you already have a lot of vbucks You're gonna get one I have 995 right now But there's two free Um upgrade lumbas I guess I'm gonna get the proximity mine Even though I'm probably not gonna use it Yeah Or I can get 42 I don't think I need 42 Well, I think you have to like path your way there Like it won't let you select it sometimes if it's not Well, I guess you can't I got it I got it Uh, also you could do your storm shield like anytime now.  Oh, so I can get the next zone unlocked like right now Is that's how you get it right? Uh, yeah, I I think it's like you have to follow the quest and then Um, your storm shield has to be a certain level for you to Okay So my next quest is radio free plankerton Which is contact our collect broadcasting equipment for home base So it'll be like on any kind of map or whatever It'll have things that you have to interact with What's your daily quest? Is that reset too? Yeah construction Hus and stonewood three missions in stonewood That's 50 B box Yep, I would reset that husk melee if you want to I mean you replace that quest because you said you didn't like it Done Now I have to do it with as a soldier. That's better. I guess Yeah, because you're playing soldier Yeah So should we do the stonewood for the easy people? Uh, what's what did what did what do you have to do? When is daily scouting shelters, so So what should we do? What do you think? Uh, whatever you can follow your stonewood if you want Hello, bonai Thank you so much mr. Certain valin for the thaw what whoa 1700 bits. Wow. Thank you so much mr. Certain valin for the supporter by short some love to chat Thank you so much, man That's a lot of bitty reenies Uh, let me let's do this radio free. Oh, I have to do that five time. Oh, I have to find five Never mind. Let's just do it. We have to find five pieces of broadcasting equipment Let's just knock that out and then I can go back and do the Other one anytime Yep This is super easy. Yeah, it sounds like it Thank you. Mr. Certain valin again. That's a lot of bits man. I think he's number one now Now that no males went to sleep Yes, I'm going he is number one He has taken the number one a bit spot of life They keep spawning us right in front of these things. Look at this is right here streamer rng A bonus shallows place the atlas fast And it's probably not worth it I always try to get Well, let's do it then After I eat this cake is it what I thought you said you found it. No, no, I just ate the cake Got the cake. Are you still updating it? Yes, this is getting updated But they're rotating an event right now That I just did it was actually really fun The horde where you have to you have a staging area to build a base There's not a new thing though, but they brought it back um They added a weapon crafting or modification system That's pretty freaking good like this gun that my wife made She added all this stuff to it Where is it the nocturnal she added crit all this crit damage and rating And magazine size. It's like you can modify the guns and stuff After the fact so you're not stuck with what they roll you can re-roll and do stuff like that. So it's really cool um That's just what I what I've seen so far in the horde mode I want to do that, but I want to make some progress in the story first Because I feel like I'm still far behind and I get a bunch of stuff on the map unlocked um What you want to do is look for the little exclamation marks And those should be like your quest marker Oh, I forgot I'm doing a quest You want to take care of the base? Yeah, okay. Thank you. All right, uh


Throughout your philosophic studies, you may consider passing by the philosophy of Brugdea Spinoza, but I beg you, read on, and you will find yourself a little greater than you were before. Let this video serve only as your introduction, and pass on eagerly to one of the supreme achievements of modern thought, the ethics. Spinoza was born in Amsterdam on November 24, 1632. The community in which he was brought up was unique in that it was comprised of Jewish immigrants that had fled from several European countries to avoid persecution from the Roman Catholic Church. The Jewish people, including our philosophers Portuguese ancestors, traveled from place to place until Dutch authorities granted them asylum, this as long as they didn't cause any scandal or allowing its members to cause ripples throughout society. It seems here that it was destined that Spinoza would belong to the world, and in 1656, at the age of just 24, Spinoza would be excommunicated from the synagogue and the world would be better for it. He would join no other creed and live out the rest of his life alone in the outskirts of Amsterdam. It was here, under the name Benedict, that he would reach out to every corner of the earth and throughout every generation. Our philosopher published only two books during his lifetime, and due to the threat from the Roman Catholic Church, these publications would be anonymous, lest he would suffer the same fate as the tenacious Giudano Bruno. His greatest work, The Ethics, would only appear after his premature death in 1677, approbation for his achievements would take even longer. In an attempt to maintain clarity, we will cover his work in the order in which he produced them. The Treatise on Religion in the State He begins by asserting that the language of the Bible is deliberately metaphorical and allegorical. This was in order to capture the imagination of the masses, since Scripture was written primarily for an entire people and secondarily for the whole human race. Consequently, its contents must necessarily be adapted as far as possible to the understanding of the masses. For this very same reason, the apostles resorted to miracle stories. After all, the people will always require religion phrased in imagery and haloed with superstition, and no matter how many are destroyed, innumerable others will spring up, anxious to occupy the throne. Spinoza would also pause in perplexity at the utter lack of compassion towards other creeds displayed by the Roman Catholic Church. I have often wondered, he said, that persons who make boast of professing the Christian religion, namely love, joy, peace, temperance, and charity to all men, should quarrel with such rank or animosity and display daily towards one another such bitter hatred. That this, rather than the virtues which they profess, is the readiness criteria of their faith. We see here why in an age dominated by the Roman Catholic Church, Spinoza would publish under an alias. Lastly, this work reveals to us, for the first time, Spinoza's pantheistic view of God. Allow me to pass by his second book, Principles of the Cartesian Philosophy, in order that we may focus on his more original third and fourth. After the many ills of life that he experienced, Spinoza set out on a quest to discover how he might go about attaining the faculty of enjoying throughout eternity continual supreme happiness. And in his third book, The Improvement of the Intellect, he reveals to us what he has found. To strive for the utmost development of our intellect, while abstaining from all things superfluous, this, Spinoza thought, would allow for the better understanding of its forces as they pertain to the order of nature. True happiness can only come to us through the pursuit of knowledge, and this pursuit would eventually lead us to the joy of understanding. Throughout this pursuit, he thought the philosopher must also remain a citizen. He lays out these rules of conduct to follow as we seek this elusive end. One, to speak in a manner comprehensible to the people, and to do for them all things that do not prevent us from attaining our ends. Two, to enjoy such pleasures as are necessary for the preservation of health. Three, to seek only enough money as is necessary for the maintenance of our life and health, and to comply with such customs as are not opposed to what we seek. Before delving into Spinoza's masterpiece, The Ethics, a question that must be explored is how do we know that our knowledge is knowledge? How, with our senses so often deceptive, do we determine truth? Spinoza suggests that, first, we must distinguish between the various forms of knowledge, and in Durant's The Story of Philosophy, he assists us in understanding each of them. First, there is hearsay knowledge, such as when I know the date of my birth. Second, there is knowledge that comes about by experience, such as when a physician knows a cure, not by any specific formulation of experimental tests, but by a general impression that it has usually worked. Third, immediate deduction or knowledge reached by reasoning, as when I conclude to the immensity of the sun from seeing that in the case of other objects, distance decreases the apparent size. Fourth, the highest form of knowledge comes by immediate deduction and direct perception, as when we see at once that six is the missing number in two times four equals two plus x, or as when we perceive that the whole is greater than the part. If you're familiar with the works of Immanuel Kant, then you should be familiar with a priori knowledge. This and that are one and the same. Now that we have, as Spinoza suggested, devised a means for improving and clarifying the intellect, we are prepared at last to explore The Ethics. When reading The Ethics, do not think that by running through it quickly, you will understand it fully. Every part depends on preceding parts. You will not understand any important section thoroughly until you have read and pondered the whole. Sadly, I will not be able to capture the whole of its grandeur in this video. What I hope is that I am able to expatiate on its most essential lessons and principles. In an attempt to make The Ethics comprehensible, Spinoza constructs it in geometrical form, but the result is a work of philosophy that is neither clear nor comprehensible. He acknowledges the apparent complexity of The Ethics, but consoles and reassures us, saying, doubtless, the reader will become confused and will recollect many things which will bring him to a standstill. Therefore, I pray him to proceed gently with me and form no judgment concerning these things until he shall have read all. Have patience with this video as well. I assure you we will come to its core principles soon enough, but first we should clarify bits of Spinoza's terminology, lest we should misunderstand his message. For the sake of this video, we will only define two important terms, substance and mode. Think of substance not as anything material as we would speak of marble as the substance of a statue, but instead substance as Spinoza understands it is that which eternally and unchangeably is, and of which everything else must be a transient form. These forms are what Spinoza refers to as modes. This is any individual thing or event, including you, your body and even your thoughts. He identifies substance with God in nature. I hold that God is the eminent and not the extraneous cause of all things. I say all is in God, all lives and moves in God. He does not mean to convey to his readers that God and nature are one and the same, but that like substance, God is the underlying reality in which the processes of nature occur. Natural law is but the eternal commandments of God. This means, to the Catholic Church's abhorrence, that God was not some omnipresent man ordering countless persecutions, but was instead only nature and its laws. He would also go on to address our timeless problem of evil. Spinoza asserted that philosophers often make the mistake of attempting to reconcile evil with an all-powerful and completely good God. Take Leibniz best of all possible worlds as an example. Good and evil are but anthropocentric delusions, subjective assertions. For the spider to live, the fly has to die. For the fly to live, the spider must starve. Whenever, then, anything in nature seems to us ridiculous, absurd or evil, it is because we have but a partial knowledge of things, and are in the main ignorant of the order and coherence of nature as a whole. And because we want everything to be arranged according to the dictates of our own reason. Although, in fact, what our reason pronounces is bad is not bad as regards to the order and laws of universal nature, but only as regards to the laws of our own nature taken separately. What of Spinoza's position on free will? I will let him tell you in his own words. There is in the mind no absolute or free will, but the mind is determined and willing this or that by a cause which is determined in its turn by another cause, in this by another, and so on to infinity. We only think that we are free because we are conscious of our desires, but Spinoza informs us that most are ignorant of the causes that lead us to these desires. The Ethic of Spinoza Of all the profound moral philosophies that populate history, there are but three that stand predominant, that of Buddha and Jesus, that of Machiavelli and Nietzsche, and that of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. As Durant so accurately said, it is the distinction of Spinoza that his ethic unconsciously reconciles these apparently hostile philosophies, weaves them into a harmonious unity, and gives us in consequence a system of morals which is the supreme achievement of modern thought. In his ethic, happiness is the ultimate goal, the apogee of all human conduct. He would define happiness very simply as the presence of pleasure in the absence of pain. To him, pleasure and pain are merely transitions, pain being one's transition from a greater state of perfection to a lesser, and pleasure being the antithesis of pain. He would equate power with virtue and thought joy only comes when our power is increased. The more a man can preserve his being and seek what is useful to him, the greater is his virtue. In the same sense, emotions are only good or bad insofar as they positively or negatively impact our power, so he stands behind a justifiable egoism and lays it down as his foundation on which virtue is built. He has no use for humility or remorse, but admires monesty. Unjustifiable pride is also something Spinoza rejects, and for society to overcome in shortcomings, the individuals that populate it must conquer these undesirable emotions. To do this we must endeavor to understand. Passion should come secondary to reason. Instincts are magnificent as a driving force, but dangerous as guides. When we decide then to adopt a deterministic philosophic model, we also adopt the fortitude to bear up under any circumstance, to recognize the necessity of all things and to see them as not harmful nor beneficial. As Nietzsche would go on to say, that which is necessary does not offend me, and more fatih is the core of my nature. Spinoza and Religion Spinoza's view on religion and immortality are best summarized here with this epilogue. Our mind insofar as it understands is an external mode of thinking, which is determined by another mode of thinking, and this one again by another, and so on to infinity, so that they all constitute at the same time the eternal and infinite intellect of God. And with this we should continue on to his fourth and final work, Traktates politicus, the political treatise. While this work would remain unfinished due to his untimely death, it would nonetheless bring clarity to his political views. Men are not born for citizenship, but must be made for it. This is to say that before civilizations were formed, individuals lived apart without conceptions of right and wrong. Might was right. It is only through accepted organization that the might of the individual becomes the might of the state. The individual, seeing that survival is much more of a guarantee with mutual aid, concedes his own individual power to the power of the whole. From here arises the development of morality and conscience, since these things are necessary for the survival of the whole. Let Spinoza explain, in his own words, the necessity of social organization. The last end of the state is not to dominate men nor to restrain them by fear, rather it is so to free each man from fear that he may live and act with full security and without injury to himself or his neighbor. The end of the state, I repeat, is not to make rational beings into brute beast and machines. It is to enable their bodies and their minds to function safely. It is to lead men to live by and exercise a free reason, that they may not waste their strength and hatred, anger, and guile, nor act unfairly toward one another. Thus, the end of the state is really liberty. Freedom of thought and freedom of speech are essential to maintaining the stability of the state. It is for this reason that Spinoza expressed a preference for democracy. In this form of governance, everyone submits to the control of authority over his actions, but not over his judgment and reason, i.e., seeing that all men cannot think alike, the voice of the majority has the force of law. Democracy does, however, have its troubles. For instance, its propensity for electing demagogues into office. The only remedy, Spinoza thought, was to limit office to those trained for the cause. For some time after his death, the world would sadly hold him and ill-repute. This was until the German writer Lesing restored his name to its rightful place among the geniuses of history. All those who endeavor to follow the philosophic path should know him. It was Hegel who declared that, to be a philosopher, one must first be a Spinozist. I can only say that Hegel is right, and that I too implore whoever hears this to discover our gentle philosopher. It would be near and possible to fit so much matter into this video lest I kept you here another hour. I hope, however, that I was able to adequately capture the essence of his work. If you enjoyed this video or found it helpful in any way, consider subscribing and turning on the notification bell for more on Eastern and Western philosophy. And as always, thank you for talking philosophy with me. Until next time.


So that's it. This morning's keynote. So thank you for letting me, the Chrome team, and Google continue to be part of this really amazing community.