The answer to this question could be condensed in the following way. Everything which Bulgaria does in the field of the ICT, in the field of digital services to its own citizens, are subordinated by whatever has been decided and done at European level. So we deploy and implement the very same regulatory documents which are obligatory for every member. This is in general to know the framework. And then in Bulgaria we are focusing much more on extending the digital-based ICT services to population in the rural areas because at this point of time, still they are underserved. And we would like also to incorporate very new technologies which are coming up, the wideband, the next generation access, the digital television which has already been, terrestrial has been achieved and the switch has been done. And we would like to have a real computation between services for the benefit of the end user. That's exactly what we would like to achieve. We would like to achieve in applying the principles and ideas of these initiatives and these documents. This is still not well explored, but we believe in our own country that the things would flourish, would be used much wider and to a much greater extent. We have a category of population which are having limitations to their own access. We have a category of another category of population which is not very much literate, with use of computers, with use of technology based on computers, therefore a lot of work is yet to be done in order to bring up their own knowledge, their own skills and to bring also the necessary services to correspond to their own abilities. Therefore, we'll have access, we'll focus on citizens having problem with accessibility. We have a very funny name in Bulgaria, but it's difficult to translate into English language or to take the notion of it. But we have a lot, we have more than 25% of the population which is above the retirement level and they have all sorts of deficiencies, difficulties, and very many innovative services are to be deployed to satisfy their own needs and to help them be connected better.


Okey, so yes, I've worked for Wessex Archeology. For the past 20 years, we've been working with clients across a variety of marine sectors to effectively manage their heritage risk on their developments. Although I am the one presenting, this is very much based on the work of many colleagues at Wessex. So over the past two days, we've seen a lot of reference to industry data and how that's been used for research. I'm going to sort of provide a view from the inside ymdill y cwmhyslwydd yma. Yn yw'r ffordd, rydyn ni'n gweithio'r cwmhyslwydd o'r sector a'r eifolwys. Rydyn ni'n wneud hynny'n smells o'r rhifudd ymgylch, ymgylchon a'r rhifudd o'r ysgol, ac yn ddweud yma'r E240. Rydyn ni'n golygu'r ysgrifennu hwn o'r byddau o'r lluniau, geologist, yn unig o gweithio'r lluniau o'r lluniau a'r prehistory. a mae'n ddiddordeb i'n meddwl Siwn Plystys's, Siwn Plystys's a'r Holocined i'r Seduwn嘿. Aethodd nesaf o'r cabrau ar gyfer llwyddiadau o bobl nhw a'r awrwyngwr yn gilydd ar gyfamol i'r Gweithio Paoliol i Lansgapau yma yn y llythgrifftig. Mae'r Gweithio Paoliol, felly ar gwaith yma wedi gweithi, mae'n gweithio bod y Gymreiddedig oedd yma i'n gweithio a gwneud hynny i gyd-di-ddiwr arwyr o'r seaflwyr yn oesid ac yn ei wneud o'r Gweithran o hyfforddiant mae'r gweithio'r cyfrifol. Ond yn 1996, yna'r ysgol ei wneud y ffordd y byddwyr, mae'r ysgol ei wneud ystafell, ystafell y brydiau o'r ffordd, ac yn 2002 y bydd ymwysig yn eu trofyniaeth. Ond wedi yw'r 20 yma, mae'r ymddir yma ymlaen y ffordd y byddwyr yn ei ffordd y byddwyr, mae'r 100 ymwysig y byddwyr yn teimlo. Mae'r ysgol ei wneud ymwysig yn yw'r ymwysig, There's aggregate dredging, ports and harbors, and also interconnected cables, which give us slices across the seabed, as well as tidal schemes and telecommunication cables. The assessment of marine archaeology, which includes shipwrecks, aircraft and paleo landscapes, forms an integral part of the planning process in the UK, and this is a pretty horrible diagram. ond it shows that there's over 200 pieces of international European and English legislation giving protection to the marine environment and cultural heritage form part of this as shown in red and this covers both planning policy but also specific sight protection and this planning and consenting process is the responsibility of the UK Government via the the MMO, the Marine Management Organization, in consultation with curatorial bodies, such as Historic England for English Waters, who act as their primary adviser. And this is also given rise to a series of guidance documents for offshore developers in how to interact with the historic environment and engage with archaeologists. Of course, as we've seen over the past two days, the geophysical and geotechnical data are primary sources. But for commercial projects, it's important to recognise that the acquired data is multi-purpose, so it's not collected solely for archaeological assessment, but it's collected to characterise site conditions. So it's used by geologists, design engineers as well as benthic ecologists and archaeologists. And I think over the past, certainly the past 10 years, archaeologists become embedded within that planning process. So involvement with archaeologists has improved and we're now often involved a lot earlier on, so we're actually helping design the surveys and design where geotechnical data is collected. But it is very much a sense of collect once used many times. So we managed the archaeology throughout the life cycle of the development from pre-planning right the way through to decommissioning. And this is with the aim of providing advice on archaeological potential, its significance and also the mitigation of the impact of the development on the cultural heritage resource. So that is the main focus of all our assessments. And as can be seen on the map on the right and we've seen in other slides and talks, the actual coverage of study areas is quite considerable, particularly in the channel area and the southern North Sea. And admittedly, a lot of the resolution of the data can vary greatly within these, but still a vast, vast amount of data. And these are obviously supplemented by data from the likes of the North Sea Paleo landscape project and also the aggregate levy funded regional environmental characterisation regions, but it's clear after these past two days that I need to redraw my maps and what. But a further industry initiative of note and sort of ties in with what Rachel's just been talking is the recording of physical archaeological finds, including those relating to prehistory. And this stems back to 2003, where the British Marine Aggregate Producers Association, Bmapper and English Heritage, as was produced a guidance note for assessing, evaluating, mitigating and monitoring the effects of marine aggregate dredging. And this was followed in 2005 with the introduction of a protocol for reporting finds of archaeological interest, and this was for applicable to all Bmapper members and to all the licensees covering wharfs, vessels and production license areas, and under this protocol, archaeological material discovered was then reported through an implementation service. And this is supported and continues to be supported and promoted to those working in the industry through an awareness programme. And it is an exemplar project of getting people involved and getting them interested and that fuels more reporting and better finds really. And since 2014 a similar approach has been undertaken for the offshore wind farm industry. Now there's a lot less chance of actually recovering finds although a certain some level of diving does occur, but it's also a way of reporting finds or particular sediments on the sea beds that are observed via ROVs in deeper waters. So for my first case study, I am going to stick with the aggregate industry and talk a little about area 240 in the paleo yard. I know that Rachel has already mentioned it, but it is a good example of where an industry led response for a regional issue regarding significant archaeological finds has worked through a collaborative approach of involvement of the regulator and archaeologists. So area 240 is associated off Great Yalmouth. It's 11K from the coast in about 30 metres water depth and the dredge material from there is landed it's flushing wharf over in the Netherlands. And as Rachel mentioned, in the winter of 2007-2008 gravel extracted from this area yielded 88 workflint artefacts including 33 handaxes and over 100 fragments of faunal remains and this was discovered in the aggregate outsize pile, which is shown here, which is basically everything over 63 millimeters. Size wise, and this was discovered by local archaeologist and facilitated by the local wharf manager, and here are just some of the finds. And once it was established that the material had been dredged from 55,000 tonnes of sediment from area 240, which is shown in the track lines in blue on the map. Hansen aggregate marine limited voluntarily placed a protective exclusion zone around that part of the seabed from which the flints were dredged. And this then led on to a long term project that in some ways is still ongoing today in which a sort of an iterative project was developed with the aims really of understanding the geological context recovering further archaeological material and improving the understanding of the regional. aspect of it, as well as developing strategies for the management and mitigation of this resource as this continues as an aggregate extraction area. So initially it was focused on area 240 and this allowed us to come up with a stratigraphic framework for the area. And this really showed development from the late Angliaan right the way through to the Holocene. And in terms of the flints, flint finds themselves. The important bit is shown in red, which is sort of the infill of the channel and development of a floodplain that covers most of the area. During MIS eight and seven and that combined combined with Dimitri Diloeca's work looking at the flints themselves put this as a early middle polylythic site based on a floodplain of a channel, which runs sort of west to east and the other things to note just for later on in my talk really are that. following on from from the floodplain deposits. We then had reactivation and infill of the channel. Probably early Davensian time in MIS 5D, some tantalising OSL data relating to MIS 3 and then the development of an early Holocene channel, which runs north to south through the area and partial infill with salt marsh deposits. And I'll come back to them when I move on to the second case study. But it was the importance of the recovery of these early middle polylythic artifacts. It was noted by the aggregate industry and acknowledged by them that the area was the most important area in the area. The importance of the recovery of these early middle polylythic artifacts. It was noted by the the aggregate industry and acknowledged by them that we couldn't look at this in isolation that it affected the mitigation and management of the entire block. And this led on to a further piece of work which combined the onshore and the offshore available data and allowed us to effectively map the paleo yard from onshore right the way off to just shy of the break point, which is at 40 kilometres offshore. And we do have a large gap and as as was indicated with the questions in the last talk, we have no data there because that's where the large sunbanks are and the geophysics data within that area just can't penetrate that area through the sunbanks for us to clearly see the limits of the flood plain beneath. But as part of this as well, we also worked with Hanson and the licensee to trial archaeological monitoring of aggregate dredging activity and we tried this on board dredging vessel sort of field walking on the back of a boat, which was successful but not overly sustainable, but also at the wharf as well. And the aim was to assess the potential mitigation strategies with regards to the future long term aggregate licensing applications within an area of known archaeology. This hadn't been developed previous to this. So further flint artifacts, including further three handaxes were recovered. And this showed us that the artifactual material was present both within the vicinity of the original finds, but was also more widespread within the area. And monitoring at the wharf proved the most useful strategy, and this has actually since been adopted throughout the aggregate block and still continues to today. So working with Anthony Firth of Fyorda, a series of hypotheses were made in order to address remaining uncertainties concerning the association between these artifacts and the environment from which they were found. And these are tested through periodic monitoring. And the monitoring is site area specific. So it depends on what sediments are there, how many samples the licensee takes and how often we monitor it. And we've also more recently assessed more recently acquired cause as well comparing these to known dredging activity and effectively retesting our interpretation for the area. And we've continued to find flint and fornal remains within the area shown by the red stars, which show that there is material more widespread within the area. But all of this work has only been possible through that industry led response to this issue. But the second example is moving on to a larger scale development. And this is situated further offshore again. So approximately 60 to 100 kilometres from the coast. And this is for the Norfolk Vanguard and Boreeus wind farms. And it's thanks to Vattenfall, the developer that I can present some of these results here today. And again, this is situated to the south of the last glacial limit, which is important in terms of preservation of the late Pleistocene sediments and associated features, which I'll show you. So working on large scale projects also allows collaboration with geologists and engineers. And this has enhanced our understanding within the inevitable time constraints of a commercial project. And I think it's fair to say that in the early days, archaeology was undertaken very much in isolation. And it was, yes, it was something that developers had to deal with. But it was it was an aside. Whereas that's not the case now. And we're often archaeologists are part of that project delivery team. And this does vary between developers. But the more that the archaeologists are embedded within that, the better the results that we can get. And I'll show you an example of this in a moment. So in terms of volumes of data, we use geophysical data and geotechnical data to characterise the shallow subsurface to identify features of archaeological interest. And so the data we looked at, it was 100 per cent coverage of the symmetry data and sub-bottom profiler lines at 100 metre line spacing. And there's also a large number of cores, but there's never really enough. And the cores were taken for engineering purposes, but there were some that were targeting archaeology. And of those 10 cores were taken forward to be assessed, both as part of a dating strategy, as well as looking at the paleo-environmental assessment. So these just show some of the detailed results. And what we have in the area is that we have brown bank formation deposits and associated gas blanking indicating the breakage. And associated gas blanking indicating the breakdown of organic matter within the brown bank channel features. We then overline that we have a series of well-preserved buried dunes, which have formed in the terrestrial environment. And these can be shown here. And of these dunes, we're not sure whether these are terrestrial environments during sub-area exposure or whether these are submerged dunes. But impressive preservation, both here and in other parts of the site. And we've also identified around about 85 kilometres squared area of preserved peat shown in green. And these are dissected by a number of channels observed in the north of the sites. So here we can see high amplitude reflectors, just sort of high amplitude reflectors here. And then cut by channel features that we've got some nice detail of infill and then they are overfilled by modern marine sediment on top. And we only see the peat and the channels within the north of the area. And there does seem to be an elevation control affecting the preservation of these sort of these Holocene features. So based on the initial characterisation, a series of research questions were posed and these were the focus of the assessment and analysis of the core data. And we know that the peat formation commenced, so I'll show you one of the cause. We know across the site that the peat formation commenced at the start of the Holocene and created an extensive wetland environment around which network of fluvial channels. And the site became shortly submerged shortly after around 9700 Kbp. And the landscape was characterised by active river systems with reed and fen wetlands forming along the margins, open grassland. And as climate warmed in the early Holocene, woodland remained relatively open but became then dominated by pine, later hazel and then some oak and elm. And under rising sea level conditions, the coastline encroached giving way to salt marsh and tidal flats before the final inundation. We've also got presence of charcoal within the peat deposits and that's evidence of repeated fire events during the early Holocene, although it's not possible to establish if these were caused by human activity. But a lot of similarities to the talk that Ruth gave yesterday with regards to peats of the similar age further to the east in Dutch waters associated with the Brownbank Ridge. And the second series of questions relate to the depositional history of the Brownbank formation, which having undertaken the work on Area 240 as great as the Salian flood plain deposits were, there was always some questions resulting from that and also from the East Coast REC with regards to the Brownbank formation. And what impact would that have relating to the presence or absence of hominins in Britain during the Middle Paleolithic. So this is taken from the original BGS mapping, which shows that the Brownbank formation is an extensive distinct deposit in the southern North Sea covering around 1000km squared. And the Brownbank formation is characterised by a series of North South trending channels in the West and then a broad basin in the East that extends into the Dutch sector. And the dates were always always looked at that early Divensian so sort of around MIS 5D around the 110,000 years ago. But dating evidence from the REC in Area 240s as well as this project collectively indicate gradual deposition over the duration of the early Divensian. A period of sort of overall cooling and climatic instability characterised by cold and warm sub periods to around about 57,000 years ago when sea levels fell low enough to fully expose this region. And this is where collaborating with geologists and engineers and their data analysis has allowed further understanding and further assessment of the Brownbank formation and what it might mean in an archaeological sense. So a 3D ground model was generated for turbine foundation purposes and was produced based on sediment strength values within the stratigraphy, but in this case the stratigraphic change coincided with layer of interest from our perspective, which is the base of the Brownbank formation, which can be seen on the top as the faint yellow line there. So on this Brown is high ground and blue is low. And this was only taken for the two of the northern sites. But by applying knowledge of sea level curves close to the coast, we were able to reconstruct potential landscape configurations at different times. So we looked it to two scenarios. The first to MIS 5D, so around about the 105 to 115,000 years ago, where water depths were around minus 48 metres. And we've put an arbitrary sort of two metre boundary on to look at the difference between marine intertidal and terrestrial landscapes. But the results show a large proportion of the site would have been exposed particularly to the north and to the east.  And this channel may have formed an estuary or be part of a wider embayment or a restricted lagoon if a barrier existed to protect it. And in the southwest of the project area, there are a series of localised isolated basins within the landscape. And for scenario B, we looked at MIS 5B, also another low stand, so this is between 84 to 92,000 years ago where water depths were at 42 metres below today. And this suggests that the southern part of the site would have been submerged during this time with exposed areas would have been low lying land, possibly creating a series of small islands in a regular coastlines. But the results suggest that the Brownbank embayment was a prominent feature in the southern North Sea during the early Divensian corresponding to a period of hiatus in the British archaeological record. And it's, you know, perhaps this created a significant geographic barrier to migration pathways in this region may path explain the absence of hominins from Britain during MIS 6 to 4, although as was mentioned previously. You know, there is some evidence of potential cause at Dartford. So just my last slide really, these two examples show different aspects of commercial archaeology. We're working with developers, geologists and engineers help increase our knowledge and understanding. But there are challenges associated with working in the commercial world. So individual work packages, such as the review of geophysical data and call logging, they have fast turnaround so to be very short term, but they can also put the actual life cycle of the project could be over 10 years. So this means the outputs in terms of published work or integration of work occur at the end so there's a large lag time. And although these technical reports are available, they can be difficult to find unless you know where to look and where they're published. And the data is commercially sensitive, making it difficult to access, although this is changing and we are seeing much more involvement of academia in the process. But we do need a mechanism to feed this work into the public and academic sectors throughout the life cycle of the project. But there are lots of opportunities. There is going to be more offshore wind with the government legally committed to achieving net zero by 2050. There is major investments in the amount of geophysical and geotechnical data and also different types. So we're seeing much more 3D or parametric data now than previously and we have got more developer engagement with academia. But there is also the opportunity for academia to engage with those of us undertaking commercial work as well. So thanks to the companies that we've worked with associated with this, but also to my many colleagues at Wessex Archaeology who have worked and continue to work on these projects.


Where I stuck where I scuttle is to follow the facing of the cable I will drop Anil maharibi to Salat al-Khaufi it will drop from the individual in these places one Feast fee Salat al-Khaufi in the Salat of fear one Well, it's Ali second is the fighting the battle What's the difference between the two? Khauf is when the army are moving to somewhere and they're lying they're scared of a lion, huh? They're not fighting no one, but they're scared of the road Meaning animals that are lethal or anything that Salat al-Khauf doesn't have to be the army that they're scared of It doesn't be happy. It's fear that they're scared of this Salat is prayed. What you don't face the qiblah The qiblah is not it's it drops from your shoulders. They pray whatever they want Well, it's a little shady and when the fighting is severe the armies are face-to-face. They're looking at one another No, the people are what? No, that's the first one. Sorry Both of them are the first one, but those two prayers are different the first one Wajizi and the person who's what? Unable to do it such as who? Like the ill one How can you not do it? He has nobody to face him towards the qiblah. He can't move alone.  He's in a coma All the doctor. He's not in full coma, but he's part. He's got broken spine. He cannot move from his position He prays towards wherever he is put towards That's the second said A person who is on a what? He is on a boat or Is on a car or he's on a plane? It a cashier who do what he when he fears the exiting of time He's scared at the time I go Now, this is a matter. I need to explain quickly If a person is on a bus and the bus can stop Can you use this? No Get off You're driving the car you can pull over and you pray that is but the person He can't stop because he or he's in a car where it can't be stopped Or he's on a train or he's on a boat It won't stop and he fears that the time may exit and this is not meant by a fear of the time if it's do You can always delay and pray at the time of asser. So that's you can't pray that one on the boat You're listening But it's the one that's awesome You fit leaving. It's the time Makrib comes in. It's gonna go. So this Salah. What do you do? You pray even if it's facing away from the Kibla. The same is what? Maghrib, can you pray it? No, you can't pray it if they face the Kibla because you can delay Makrib to Usha You have Jam'ud Taqheer the combining of delaying You combine and you delay it. You're permitted. It's allowed for you to push Makrib to Usha at any time. You have that choice At this point You can't pray the Salah on without facing the Kibla You have to fear the time exiting and now you don't fear the time exiting But if it Usha and it reaches huh the the last third of the night through through the night So before it reaches through through the night, sorry You are forced to pray because the Salah time is finished. Usha is gonna finish now So what do you do? You can't delay it. So if you're on the riding beast or sorry You're on the car on your then you can face without you don't have to face the Kibla So this is what's meant by a boat Wa'amman and the fourth which is The fourth one is a person who prays where who's praying a highly recommended prayer Which is what? Nafila highly recommended prayer or he's praying a witter And he's on his riding beast a riding beast or other than that he's driving Used to why used to have below that person He can pray away from the Kibla if he's on his riding beast and Hadith for that is the hadith and it's in America soon I would The person he prays the Salah and the Salah is what it's nafila Not wajib It's a Qiyamul lail for instance. You're traveling you're driving pray pray. Why stop for you don't have to face the Kibla Lakin the Shafi'iyah and Hanabilla they say Three times has to face the Kibla In the Taqbirat al-Ahram when he Says Allahu Akbar He enters the Salah He has to say Allahu Akbar by facing the Kibla because the Prophet did that Alayhi Salam he would before the nafila you'd face towards the Kibla once he prays It says Allahu Akbar then the riding beast will go wherever he wherever it went Second which is they said is under Ruku when you do Ruku you have to face the Kibla again But this is the person who's walking And he's a traveler Person walking on the street They said if he's on a riding beast of course all of that he could spend on what? Except the Taqbirat al-Ahram Remember this brothers Sunnah do you have to pray towards the Kibla? No not mandatory It is highly recommended good to be special towards the Kibla But you still have to drive your car keep going pray whilst you're driving or you're on a ship Sit where you are and do what you're doing. You're on your riding beast Pray even if it's not facing towards that Kibla the scholar is disputed. What about if the person's walking? He's traveling, but he's walking. He's going to someplace. He's on the pavement Ha, I want to play she's Sunnah Baha came in or he wants to pray Qiyamur-Layla at night time. He's walking What did you do? Shafiq iyan Hanabila they said three things he has to do taqbirat He has to face the Qibla and the taqbirat al-Ahram when he says Allahu Akbar When he does the Ruku and when he does the Sujood other than that when he's doing tahiyat When he's doing Tasleem when he's doing This Qiyam from the Ruku all of that he can do it on the road as he's walking. This has faced the Qibla That's when he's walking they said but What about if he's on his car On his riding beast, what does he have to do? Does he can you not face the Qibla at all? The Shafiq iyan Hanabila said it is mandatory Kastan Shafiq iyan they said it is mandatory that the person has to face the Qibla Even when he's driving or he's in his riding beast If it's Sunnah and the taqbirat al-Ahram when he wants when he connects to Salah When he prays the Salah he goes Allahu Akbar So he prays if he connects the Salah and he goes He goes Allahu Akbar That is mandatory they said So he mentioned that he now is telling us that it's highly recommended even even is that is recommended and it should be done if the person if the person has and If he's praying Sunnah It's highly recommended that if the person could face the Qibla Why would he leave it off? Why used to habbu and it's recommended If he's able and yes taqbila that he faces Be hel qibla that he faces towards the Qibla In the taqbirat al-Ahram the Shafiq al-Ahram is you he sees that That it is recommended that the person face towards the Qibla when they do taqbirat al-Ahram According to him but as I said the Shafiqia and the Hanabila they go against him Kitab al-Bayan Fee Madhab il Imam al-Shafi'i by al-Imrani al-Imrani I like his call which is mufassal. It's very good. Masha'Allah. He mentioned the call and he goes into it After he does the taqbirat al-Ahram is recommended Thumma yattaju bimaya Biha haithu kanat wich hatu then he faces wherever he wants after that Wa yajibu ala ala kulli man and it's also mandatory on any Every person man kana mushaidah lal klil kaabati Anyone who is able to see the kaaba and yas taqbirat al-Ainaha that he if the person can see the kaaba He has to face the kaaba the stone itself. He can see it Wa amma man kana gaya ala mushaidin anyone who is not in the kaaba He only has to face towards the direction where the kaaba is Fa yas taqbiru jihataha is sufficient I face towards where the kaaba is He might not be in his facing may not be directly to the stone, but it's the direction to where it's located That's not a problem, but if he's there, he has to face directly at it He mentioned that Rahim Rahim Allah Ta'ala hukmul salati ila gailil kaabati khafa an a person praying towards the kaaba by mistake He's done it she had strived and he realized that where he was praying to was at the qiblah Wa in salla ila gailil qiblati if the person prays towards other than the qiblah Ligaymin because it's cloudy People used to tell from the stars where the qiblah was directed Because of the cloud he's unable to know what The qiblah he couldn't know Oh gaili or other than that Ba adal ijtihadi, but after he strived What taharri again he strived Jazat salat we salah will be accepted Wala i'adata alehi and there's no he doesn't have to bring back that salat if he tried Hard and he strived he found that later that he prayed towards other than the qiblah He won't be held accountable. He doesn't have to bring that salat back And he doesn't have to come back with that prayer Wa idha jaan if he comes to him while he's praying Man yasikubi he a person who he trusts Wahua yusalli and he is praying Fa akhbarahu and that person tells him Bi jihatiha the direction of the qaaba fa alehi ayyubadil el-istaqbaliha He should hasten towards following that person who directed him Wa salatu sahihatun and his salat is correct So you are praying and a person comes and they say to you brother Face opposite direction ha and you turn the opposite direction What about the two regards that you just prayed before that? What's the ruling for it? It is no problem rather if you pray and by the qadr you think yourself You know what you start you're praying usha So you say Allah akhbar and when you started the salat you said this is the qiblah and in the salat You said no it's not and you turned away and then the second third qadr you said another place And therefore every raka'ah you pray towards a direction Then your salat is correct and you're not allowed to you're not allowed to stay in the place After even in the salat if you think that it's opposite to where you where you are So in the first raka'ah he believes that he's wrong He's not allowed to carry that salat on he has to go move to the direction he thinks And then the second raka'ah he says no it's not right So the third raka'ah he pushes himself to another place Four raka'ah he prays towards four four direction he has to do that Rather than the four qah'ah mentioned if four brothers come together Everyone believes that this is the qiblah they're not allowed to pray with each other Everyone has to pray towards his own qiblah Because you are you have to follow your own view of what you think of the matter How could you pray towards a qiblah which you're not sure about? Ah you've done a mistake ah so you shouldn't You think the qiblah is there follow your qiblah He thinks his qiblah is there he should follow his view Because this is what the call of the sheikh is what Ba'ad al-iqtihadi after striving What ta'arri I'm sure my one's right How can you pray towards the wrong place which you believe is wrong Can you pray towards somewhere you think is wrong No you can't and he can't do the same because he thinks y'all wrong And the other things the other one is wrong And all four of you are together each one plays towards the direction he thinks is right All of them pray alone We're in the second chapter which is al qiyamu standing in the s'ala Wa yajibu the sheikh said his mandatory Aalayhi on the one who's praying An yusallia qaima it is mandatory upon the person who is praying That he prays standing up So praying standing up is what it's a pillar And we studied what a pillar meant last lesson It's something that is inside the action So standing up is mandatory it's a pillar Okay on the person who's praying Except on the person and he will mention the exceptions Al musalli s'alaat al khawfi one The one that is praying a prayer of fear And we mentioned last lesson what s'alaat al khawfi means It's not the s'alaat of fighting No there's a difference between the two S'alaat al khawfi it is if the person is scared It doesn't have to be in a fight It doesn't have to be it's when a person is scared and it's fear It's present then it's s'alaat the person The pillar of standing will now be uplifted from him And also the fighting which is severe All these times the person what is he allowed to do He can pray whilst on his riding beast But muja he's fighting in the middle of the fight He's allowed to fight whilst he's on his tank Or while he's on his plane or beast whatever he's using He's allowed to pray his s'alaat While he's riding So that's the first one So that's the first two S'alaat al khawfi the fight of s'alaat of fear Wal qital and the s'alaat of fighting The armies have met one another You're in the middle of the fighting the mist of fighting At this particular moment and the fighting is very severe Head in head and the s'alaat has come in and it's about to leave So you pray in what? You pray on whatever you're riding If you have a horse and you're fighting with a horse You pray whilst you're on your horse So the pillar of standing has now been uplifted from you The same as if you're on a car or anything that's used The third one which is wal mariyadid the sick one Al ajiz that is unable anil qiyami to stand up He can be unable to stand up by way of he can't stand up anymore His ability goes he can't stand Or a doctor told him that it will cause him a severe Difficulties or it caused him a very severe harm Then this individual the standing will then be uplifted from him So he's in a very critical situation He's unable to stand up Also it's uplifted from him He doesn't have to stand up For yusallia what is this person who's unable So he mentioned the person who's in the salat ul khauf And he also mentioned the person who's in a qital Which is a severe fight He mentioned what they were they they're riding beast But what about the person who is sick The sheikh said for yusallia jalees and he prays sitting down Inistapa if he's able Even the sitting is when he can't stand When he can't stand what does he do He sit down he sits down If he cannot pray standing up a sick person What does he do he sits down You see for yusallia jalees and inistapa But what about if he's unable to sit down Then he lies down And if he's unable to sit down He moves on to the third which is And so the first was standing up The second was sitting down And the third which is what on the line on the side So he moves on to that They're in that order If the person is unable to stand He can't say I'm going to lie down He has to sit down first He said I can't do sitting as well And in a critical situation Good lie down then And this is of course the hadith of imran ibn hussain The prophet salli qa'iman Fa illam ta stopit fa qa'idan Say pray standing up and he said The prophet said if you're unable then sit down And if you're unable what Fa salli al alijam Pray on the side Pray on what?  A sunnah The salat isn't the five daily prayers It is al-buhr, asir, maghrib, isha, al-fajr And the five daily prayers which are mandatory It's other than that That individual what does he do?   He goes Allah Akbar He's sitting down He does this The second It just Then he comes up again Sami Allah Huli Man Hamida Now he wants to go to sujood He goes Allah Akbar More down than the rukkur Because the rukkur and the sujood Which is even more down So the way you show it The sujood should be even more down No Then the rukkur He We're going to Sheikh is going to mention it to us Wa Kadal Marildan also the sick person Wa yaj'al sujoodahu He makes his sujood Akhfadah Mir ruku'ihi He makes his sujood More lower Than his Rukkur The sheikh doesn't mention it He mentions the other book What's the answer? The person places his hands on his thighs He puts his hands on his thighs Why else he does those Movements Na'am Look at this common practice that people now do Sheikh is going to pray But the people from a common practice That which they do Which is Wa la yaj'uzu It is not permissible Lil musalli The one that is praying Jealousence While sitting down It is not permissible for the sitting one Ha Ayyadah Shay'an That he places something Alal ardi on the earth Marfu an yasjudu ali That he uplift it high He puts an object on the ground And the object is very far from the ground So he wants to do sujood on the object So he basically wants to bring the earth closer to himself Ha So he'll ask a person Get me a Get me 10 pillows So it's an example Or get me a stool Ha And then what he does is He does the sujood on that Making that look like his dough That's what That's the ground Sheikh said Wa la yaj'uzu It is not permissible Lil musalli The one that is praying Ayyadah Shay'an To place something Alal ardi on the earth Marfu an yasjudu ali That he puts it up So he could do sujood on it Wa inna ma yaj'uzu sujoodahu But rather he makes his sujood Aqfada mir ruku'i He just uses his head By going even more down With his sujood Ka maa dhakarnaa As we've mentioned Shay'an Ida kanaa That is if La yas tati'u He's unable And you basher al arda bi jabhatih That is if he's unable To put his forehead On the ground That is If he's unable To put his head On the ground The chapter of standing up Has been finished on there The sheikh now moves on to As t'alaatu fissa fina ti wa ta'ira The salaa On the Boat On the ship Wa ta'ira And a Plane And the sheikh is going to talk about that The ruling and the matters regarding it Wa ta'juzu And it's permissible Salaatul faridati It is permissible So salaatu fissa fina ti wa ta'ira The salaa On a boat or ship And a plane Wa ta'juzu It is permissible Salaatul faridati It is permissible for the mandatory prayer Fissa fina ti to be prayed On a boat or ship Wa kada ta'ira ti And also a plane So now the sheikh The first thing you need to know is That it's permissible And it's allowed To pray A mandatory prayer On a boat or a plane One Keep that there Also Wa lahu And it's for that person who's praying And you salya It is he's entitled to And you salya to pray If he wants he can pray it sitting down On the plane Or on the ship With the condition That is if he fears That he may fall on the plane He may fall on the ship The ship is going fast It's moving around So he thinks that the plane when it moves around He may trip over He may slide on the ground He may harm He's scared You see That individual He's entitled to pray in his seat If he fears what If he fears that he may fall If he fears That he may fall Wa lahu And it's for And you salya for him to pray It is permissible for him to pray On the ship On the ship And on the plane While sitting down If he fears If he fears On the ship For himself Something may happen to him Three The third thing you need to know about it is what Wa yajuzu and it's permissible A yaa tamida For him to hold And Lean on Fi qiyamihi Whilst he is standing A la'amudin On a pillar It is permissible for that person on the boat Or on the ship Whilst he is praying He's allowed to lean on the wall Or a Whatever an object Lean on it Oh asa Or even a stick Likibari simnihi Because of his old age Oh daafi badami Oh he's weak A person is allowed And he's permitted To lean on a pillar Or a wall Or an object Like a stick Or Um Or pillar Why? Because of his old age He's very old Balancing himself is very hard for him So he doesn't fear That he may fall necessarily But he's a very old person anyways So he's going to keep walking Moving sideways all day Or he's a weak person That is permissible for him to lean on something Oh daafi badanihi This is not only in the plane Or the ship as well The person is like that can do elsewhere As well


Hey guys, it's Nate, AKA the Foot Accountant. Welcome back to the channel. And today we're gonna be opening some packs. I always do this with these 81 plus upgrade packs. I always stack some up and wanna rip some and show you guys how good they are. I try to do it early on, and just to see how the pack weight is, just to see if we can hit some blues, because that is the whole point of opening these upgrade packs. They came out today, and again they aren't the packs that we really want because they cost a lot more to make and to kind of grind and craft through than a lot of the other packs do. And previous upgrade packs that we've had have been a lot cheaper. This Bundesliga upgrade though, the cheaper one that only costs you just any gold players, like 11 gold players for this one, there's a decent amount of team of the season players that you can pack from this SBC just because there's more non-rare players in that pack. And there are non-rare players that have, or there are players in this team this season that have non-rare base cards, is what I'm trying to get at. So I'm gonna rip up 24 of these packs today. I've already completed half of the Havertz SBC. I'm hoping that these packs can help me do that. And as well as the Leon Gretzger SBC, I would like to do that one with some of the players that I get from doing upgrades this week. So that's what we're hoping for. Some high-rated, some walkouts, and of course some team the season cards. Now we'll take a look over here at the team. You guys know what's out in packs already. If we hit one of these top five guys, including Werner, that would be absolutely mental. I love the Bundesliga. I would love to get a Dekasta link or maybe even a Kimmich right back link to my Gretzger that I will eventually finish and playing with this Havertz card in a draft yesterday. That card is insane. So we have some red picks as well coming later this week. I played weak in League for once. So we'll be looking forward to that. But you guys know who we wanna get. We're gonna open pack seven just about every time, but I'm gonna get into the packs because that's what you guys are here for and that's what the point of this video is, is to pack some freaking blues and to get some sweet cards from this pack opening. Now, the last time that I did a pack opening like this, I opened up 20 of them during Premier League Tots and I got three blues in 20 packs. Now, those were, yes, 81 plus for the Prem, a little bit different than these, but the Prem actually has more 81 plus rare golds that were not in Team of the Season than the Bundesliga does. I saw a graphic today on Twitter that there's a lot, I mean, you have a pretty high chance of packing Team of the Season players from this SBC just because the fact that there are not a lot of players that are just rare gold 81 plus that aren't a Tots player. So there we get our first board out of the first three packs. I'm probably gonna be quick selling a lot of things that are 83 and below if they're duplicates just because it's not worth my time trying to salvage every few players. I probably, I quick sold an inform earlier tonight as well just because there's a lot of informs that are coming out of these packs with the Allario and the Nils Peterson. So I'll probably be quick selling a few though. So don't get mad at me for that, if I do. Just because I'm trying to roll through these really fast see if we can get ourselves a blue and keep going on them because I am going to open a lot of these packs, try to get some untradable blues and try to get some icon SBCs completed and try to get some of the other player SBCs completed with the guys that we get from these packs. And so far, it is not going super hot. One board, two boards out of like five packs, six packs, that is not ideal. A lot of 81s and 82s. And that's the thing with this SBC. Since there aren't as many 81 pluses, you really don't see, or you really get a lot of duplicates because you don't see different people. You just see the same guys almost every time. No walkouts yet, man. This is crazy, bro. Give me some freaking walkouts. I want to get hyped like I did last time. Who's this? 84, Javi Martinez? We'll take it. That's an 84 rated card for the club. We'll throw him into probably the Havertz SBC. And hopefully finish that off. Now again, looking back at the team, if I had to pick three cards that I want the most besides the top three, besides the top five, the cards that are over a million coins, which cards would I want? I would go with DeCosta, Kimmich, Brant, Vitzel, and Nabri. Those would be the cards that I probably would pick. If I couldn't get a top five player, one of those players over a million coins, I would probably pick one of those players. And I feel like in this team of the season as well, there's more of a chance to pack a Tots card because you should have a little bit lower pack weight on some of these guys that have non-rare cards, that have really low base rating, because the base rating factors into their pack weight a good amount. That's why you don't see a ton of the Lewandowski, the ton of the Royce. You don't see a ton of those cards on the market just because they're high overall rated and rare, but also because they're base card. We got a blue here. We got a blue, let's go. Let's freaking go. First one, who is it? Germany, left back. Okay, we got our first blue boys. Halstenberg, 91 rated.  That's our first blue though. We cannot complain about that. That is a blue in a pack. What are we saying, boys? 15, now goes to 16. And we take a screenshot of every single one of these because we add this to the collection. We're gonna go edit this tot's number right now to 16. What are we saying, boys? 16 blues packed. Halstenberg, that's our first blue. Pack number 17 or something like that. I think we had 16 or 17 to go. Oh, and an inform in the same pack, a Lario. Halstenberg, 91 rated. Not the best stats. Pretty good defender. Wow, really good at crossing. Doesn't have the pace though, not the best pace. We'll probably give him a shot at some point, but that is our first team of the season player. Let's keep going here with the packs. Can we get another walkout, another board player at least? No, we can't. That is unfortunate. Jharstein, goodness gracious. Goodness. All right, it was 16 tot's packed so far. That is my first Bundesliga tot's that I have packed. So we're starting off, it's not the best. It could be better, but we are starting off with something. Let's keep going. We have a lot of packs left. Just show me that walkout EA. Show me the walkout symbol underneath. That's what I want. I'm gonna try to continue to rip through these fast so that I don't take up a ton of your guys' time. That's not what I'm here for. I'm here to get some blues and some pack pulls, man. Pack four, we have 13 packs left after this one. Can I get a walkout? No walkout again. Can't get a board drop. No board drop again. These packs aren't looking too hot at the moment, man. They are not looking too hot at the moment. Discard another 82 rated. If you guys have done these, and if you pack something sick, always let me know. Drop it in the comments down below if you've packed something sick or always tweet me on Twitter as well. Tag me in a post to say, yo, look at my pack. I always love seeing those. A French left midcomon will take the 83 rated. That will go very nicely into the squad for Havertz and other 83 and Castiles as well. But it's not blue, boys.  It's not a blue yet. Come on, EA. No blue, man. Man. This is kind of unfortunate, boys. Hopefully your luck has been better than mine. Usually you think that us YouTubers and people that upload videos, we have the special luck. That's not a thing. We just open a lot of packs because we have a lot of coins over here in this account. That's the thing. That's why we trade, is to have fun during this time period and to have the coins to be able to do a lot of packs like this one. More 81 rated that we're gonna quick sell. All right, EA. You know what we're gonna do? We're gonna do a nose pack, pack number seven. Three, four, five, six, seven. The nose pack. Can we get a walk out? Can we get a tots card? We can't. We get a boards. Who is this gonna be? French central midfielder, Taliso. We'll take an 83 rated again. Perfect link to Kingsley Coman who we packed a couple packs ago. But it's not a walk out. It's not a blue. All right, EA. Out of these last nine packs, I need two walkouts and I need one blue. Out of these last nine packs, that's what I want. Two walkouts, one of them being blue. That's all that I'm asking for. That is the only thing I'm asking for. Now we're discarding both cards that we're coming up against and that's gonna happen a lot with these packs again. As I mentioned earlier, there's a lot of the same 82s and 81s that you're gonna pack because the pack rate on them is gonna be so high compared to the tots cards and the other high ratings just because there's not as many of the gold cards in the Bundesliga, especially with some of the cards that are in team of the week right now. There's a couple of team of the weekend forms from the Bundesliga that are pretty good. And of course, that hero Alaba, if we packed him, that'd be pretty sweet, the left back. Again, no boards, man. Pack luck is so dry right now. This is not good. This is not very good. I'm probably gonna title this video 81 plus SBCs. Should you do them? And I'll probably say no. Doing 24 packs for one blue. I'm already assuming that I'm not gonna get any more blues. We do get an inform, and it is Nils Peterson. So that might be a discard. I do believe I already have him in the club and I don't feel like I need to go save him. We also get Suley in the pack, so that's nice. But I'm just gonna discard that. I do have him untradable already. It's no big deal. I will pack him again doing these SBCs. Don't you worry, it'll happen. No walkout again. All right, EA, I said two more. All right, at least we're getting boards, okay? I said two more walkouts out of these past, the last few packs, and we're getting Kramerich instead. He is not a walkout. He is not a Tots player. What do we have? Four more packs? Man, this has been disappointing. Four more packs, EA, just give me a blue. Give me a blue, EA. Please, man. I'm asking for the blues. We do get a board. Who could this be? Is it Kramerich again? It is Kramerich again. Boys, this is not going so hot. This is not going so hot at all. I'm just gonna quick-sell them both. Quick-selling both, three to go. Can we salvage anything out of this pack opening? We got the Holstenberg. That's all that we got. We got some 84s and 83s. French, left mid, Coman again. That's the most important thing. Again, that's the most frustrating thing with this SBC and the upgrades for this league. You're gonna get so many duplicates. Maybe the move isn't stacking like 20 of these. Maybe the move is actually stacking like 10 or 15. And then you don't have to discard as many things as you get towards the end. No walkout there as well. We're gonna have one last pack to do to maybe have a chance at a team of the season player. Can we get a Tots player out of the last pack? Can our luck come with a DAB pack? Pleasier, give me something. No! Walkout board? No. All right, boys. We got one Tots card. We got Holstenberg, who's 100,000 coins from doing 24 of these packs and we didn't even get any high rated cards. Only one walkout the entire time. Do I recommend these packs? Probably not, but don't do as many as I just did. Do five, do 10, see what you get, and also try them later in the week. So those last 24 packs were not the best, but I'm gonna swing back at it, take another swing at it with eight more packs. I just went out, spent a few more coins, put a few more packs together, and if we can get something out of these last eight packs, I feel like that would revive the video because right now we are getting dupes upon dupes, upon dupes for the club, and it is very, very frustrating and disappointing. And we're not getting anything good. One Tots card, Holstenberg, we can do better than that. That's why I wanted to try to finish this video off with a bang and try to get another Tots for you guys to see. Because these packs in theory should be a lot better than they actually are at the moment and what we're seeing. So that's why I went back and put these eight more packs together. We're gonna fly through them really quick. I don't wanna take too long, but I do wanna get some more walkouts and some more Tots cards, and at the moment it's not happening. So we'll see if these packs were actually worth it. Here in a second. I don't have a lot of pack superstitions as well. I know a lot of people like to reset the store. I don't know if that's actually a thing. I don't do that too often, just because I don't think it actually changes anything or makes anything different. So you're not gonna see me doing much of that just because I don't think it really does too much. As we get some more duplicates and some more 82 Rades and 83 Rades, four left, can we get a walkout? Please, EA, show me the underglow. Yes! Whenever I ask for it, we get it, boys. What is this, an inform? It's Weghorst. Weghorst, right? 86 Raded? It has to be. All right, at least we got an 86 Raded inform. So that's not too terrible. Is there anything else in the pack, maybe? Nope. 86 Raded Weghorst, we'll take it. That's my second walkout out of, if we combine the two pack openings, 24 plus eight, 32 packs. I've gotten two walkouts out of these packs so far and another Belgium right wing. Just gonna skip it. Man, this has been disappointing. The Weghorst is nice, but it's nothing compared to some of those Tots cards, man. I wanna see the walkout and I wanna see the blue. Come on, EA, two packs left. Show me the blue underglow. Show me the white underglow and then the blue flare. That's what I mean. Another board though and another Thorgan Hazard. He's gonna be packed so many times from these SBCs. It's ridiculous.  So again, boys, I'm thinking for these packs. Do a few, but mostly they're just a no-go. Because if you're seeing these packs and what I've been pulling from them, it's probably not gonna be too terribly different from what you get. Now, hopefully you guys have better luck than I did, but it does not look like these packs are gonna be really worth it. Do a few, do five, do 10. They don't cost as much as the Premier League ones. The Bundesliga rares are going for like 1.5K, so each team that you make is only gonna cost you about 15,000 coins, 16,000 coins, compared to what it did for the Premier League, like 25K for some of those. So this one might cost you like 15 to 17K, which is saving you a little bit, but obviously the quality of the TOTS cards is not as good, so yeah. If you enjoyed the video then, smash your thumbs up on it. Comment down below if you have any questions. Show me your pack polls if you packed anything sweet. We'll be covering more market in the upcoming days with the new TOTS coming, and we'll be looking at more of the market related stuff during that time. But I had to get some packs out for you guys, even though they weren't the best. I had to get some packs out for you guys to watch and for you guys to see. Thanks for watching. It's been Nate, the Foot Accountant. Catch you guys later. Peace out.


Well, that's well, I've still got it So if anyone wants to see my my scribbled drawings on my tablet then that might help you, but I'll see what I can find on the web So I've just graduated. I'm also fun employed completing the triple threat there of fun employed people So what I did for my my master's project in my engineering degree was build a human powered submarine Which I'm going to tell you about for a bit So this is a it's a team effort. It wasn't just me There's a there's a beautiful picture of us There you got me sort of like hiding in the background there So what you're seeing there is the the chassis here out of box section this bit here I'll a minion box section we made a rather unconventional submarine to be honest because what you might sort of I miss something. Oh search history was that Oops So, all right, okay So moving on. Yeah, what you'd expect a submarine to look like is something like that. Yeah, sort of sleek slim pointy These guys are at the competition with us this year.  They're Canadian and that thing was wicked fast There's actually two guys in that sub. It's really long.  Anyway, ours did not look like that I was at work uni and that's like literally right in the middle of the country. No sea anywhere nearby No marine expertise. None of us knew what we were doing and it was the first year that work had run the project So We just didn't know what we were doing essentially and we were competing with a load of guys that did why are there No pictures of us this sucks All right, I'll find out Facebook So anyway, we were We were building this submarine with with no idea what we were doing. Can we not search on Facebook without logging in? There we go Yeah That's not even the Facebook page. Okay, so yeah, we built a submarine It's pedal powered. There's a there's a dude in it. It goes underwater and it's it's described as a flooded hull So it's not sealed. It's not pressured and this is what we made You'll notice that doesn't look anything like the the nice sleek sort of cigar shape thing. I showed you before We had this key realization I'd like to take some credit for it. I'm pretty sure it was me I don't remember exactly, but I'm gonna take credit for it It's not a pressure vessel So it doesn't need to be round because we've not got to distribute this this pressure evenly So what we did you can see here. We've got this sort of trapezoidal cross section coming down here across the bottom that was to like accommodate the pilot's position he sort of So he's got his hands on some controls down here face here looking out of all these nice big pretty windows His bum's up here and there's some pedals around the back So yeah with this trapezoidal cross section what it actually allowed us to do is save a lot of time money effort Versus the these guys who have a composite layup So they build a massive mold and then fill it with glass fiber and whatnot huge hassle All we did was weld some aluminium box section together and then slap some panels on it Super easy really cheap really modular extensible, you know if you need to do anything to it We were literally just taking a drill to it putting a new hole in cable tie through the hole done easy peasy So our first entry into this competition We actually did really well what you're seeing here is the awards room at The kinetic base down near Gosport, which is where the the competition was held So that's us in the awards room One of only two subs exhibited in there out of 12 competitors on our first try So we were pretty happy with that. We did really well. We came fourth overall out of 12 If only you have to wait for later for that. Yeah, so we came fourth overall out of 12 And the main reason for that was basically we we were the slowest team out of any that actually finished the race The other ones just didn't finish it so there were three good subs they went around the course they did it quickly and Then there was ours went around the course. We literally took about four times as long as anybody else They were doing it in 90 seconds or so We did it in about eight minutes something mental like that So ours was hella slow. It was it was full of problems. There were multiple design flaws. There should be a nice Nice picture on here somewhere maybe not so the course you have a sort of a straight line down this giant swimming pool imagine sort of Like an Olympic swimming pool, but twice the length in every direction. Is that remaining? One minute remaining.  We ended up with an award for so-called dramatic performance nicknamed the Oscar Because ours was just so ridiculous compared to all the competition we got Nick we got nicknamed the underwater Land Rover But the thing is we did well because we we stuck to some principles We said just make it work and then make it work better You got to get something working first and having something that actually worked was really key in this it was ugly You know, it just looked horrible it everyone thought it was an absolute joke when we turned up But we ended up coming forth and we were pretty happy with that. We didn't know what we're doing But in the end we actually did really well So running low on time any questions Go ahead Well, that wasn't for us to judge really I agree. It's it's a bit of a silly thing the literally the only use I can think for it is drug smuggling I was unable to think of any other use for it and we tried you know We were down there on the South Coast for a couple of weeks for this competition over that whole time I didn't hear anybody suggest a legitimate use So yeah, I am I drew a nice little diagram, but obviously there's a like Air tank in there for the diver. We've got Various sort of like essentially balloons which you can fill with air to control That's the word I know what I'm talking about. Thank you Right questions. Yeah Well, it's because of the way the scoring was structured So you have to you have to finish the race without scoring any penalties for it to be counted So even though we took eight minutes or so to get around we did it without any penalties and none of the others Well, most of them didn't even get around at all. They're all sorts of errors Like there was one who had a biomimetic sort of flapping fins like that which looked gorgeous, but just didn't work Like not even in the slightest others had like one one pilot kept repeatedly having panic attacks in the sub and nobody realized And he wasn't admitting so every time he got in and then he was just like no, it's not working It's not working But it was actually just it was a having a panic attack and they didn't realize this until two days before the end Putting your pilot in new pilot didn't know what they were doing because I hadn't practiced so didn't work All sorts of errors like that Ours was huge. There was plenty of space our pilot was Apparently he's really bad at driving games Which we we only found out about halfway through the competition. So perhaps that was why he couldn't really steer very well But he was at least an experienced diver so no panic attacks So yeah, that was why that was why most of them cocked it up so massively Just you know many many failure modes and they were hitting all of them anything else Lovely. Okay. Well, if anyone's got any further questions or wants to see my little scribbling of the submarine come and talk to me My name is rich by the way. Thanks to everyone for coming to the Latin talks


A variable is a container that you can store a value in. When you use that variable in an algorithm, it opens up the container and looks at the value inside. This lets you write smarter algorithms that behave differently depending on the value stored in the variable. For example, if you wanted to write an algorithm to say, happy birthday, you're turning 10 to my little brother, that's great now. But when I run it next year, I'd want it to say, happy birthday, you're turning 11. I could create a variable called age to store my brother's age and write my algorithm that say, happy birthday, you're turning age instead, because variables can change. Each year, I can update the variable age to equal age plus 1. Now you're going to try a play lab where you are given different games and you can change the values of variables like speed, height, score in order to change the game. You won't have to change the algorithm of the game to change how it plays, just the variable. In my work for Kindle and on X-ray for Books, we apply variables in many different ways. One way that you can use a variable is to store page numbers of a book. A user can increase and decrease the size of the font in the page. Based on the font size, the number of pages in the book can change. We can adjust it by storing the page numbers in a variable.