A very good evening aspirants. We are happy to announce the results of the much awaited October main scholarship test. These are the top five performers. These candidates will receive a 100 percentage merit scholarship in our GS main storming test series 2020 and then these next top five performers they will receive a 50 percentage merit scholarship. We congratulate the winners of the main scholarship test and best wishes to all the participants of this scholarship test. Additionally, for the benefit of students during these challenging times, we wish to support the military students so that they prepare well for their upcoming main exam which is a deciding factor in the UPSC civil services examination. Hence, the next top 100 rank holders of this October main scholarship test 2020 that is those who have secured the ranks from 11th to 110th will be awarded a 25 percentage merit scholarship. And one more good news is there Shankar Ayes academy is also offering a 25 percentage merit scholarship for the 100 students who took part in July scholarship test of 2020. That is those students who have secured the ranks from 4th to 103 in the July scholarship test 2020 will receive a 25 percentage merit scholarship. We request all the eligible meritorious candidates to fill the registration form in order to avail these scholarships and all the required links for these are given in the description box and also in the comment section. For more details regarding merit scholarship call us at<PHONE_NUMBER> or you can also email to mainstorming at ShankarAyes.in. We once again congratulate all the meritorious candidates and those candidates who are not on the merit list don't be disheartened. Keep writing the answers for the main questions that appear in our daily Hindi news analysis. So, with this announcement let's begin today's Hindi news analysis for the date 18th October 2020. These are the list of articles chosen for today's analysis. Let's move on to the first discussion. This discussion is based on this article which talks about the United Nations Human Rights Council. It is in use since last week the United Nations General Assembly held elections for 15 new council members. So in this context let's briefly know about UNHRC and also the election process. First know that United Nations Human Rights Council or UNHRC replaced the former United Nations Commission on Human Rights and this United Nations Human Rights Council is an intergovernmental body within the UN system. It was established in 2006 by United Nations General Assembly and it is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly which makes it directly accountable to the full membership of United Nations and note that UNHRC directly reports to the United Nations General Assembly. The Human Rights Council or UNHRC is responsible for strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights around the globe and it is also responsible for addressing situations of human rights violations and make recommendations on them. But here generally when we talk about UNHRC there is a confusion with office of High Commissioner for Human Rights that is OHCHR but note that UNHRC is different from OHCHR. OHCHR is an UN office and it is shortly called as UN Human Rights but whereas the UNHRC is shortly known as Human Rights Council and the main difference is that OHCHR is part of UN Secretariat whereas UNHRC is a subsidiary body of UN General Assembly. So OHCHR and UNHRC both are completely distinct entities but one common thing between them is that OHCHR is headquartered at Geneva in Switzerland and the Human Rights Council also meets at the UN office in Geneva but today we are discussing about the membership in the council. The membership is important because after elected as a member the new members commit themselves to cooperating with the council and they commit to uphold the highest standards in the promotion and protection of human rights. So in this manner the council ensures these commitments through two of its key functions. These key functions are the universal periodic review and the second one is an overseeing expert investigation of violations in specific countries. This is also known as special procedures. Now under the first function that is UPR the members of the council are reviewed during their term of membership and through this mechanism the council undertakes a periodic review of the fulfillment of the human rights obligations and commitments of all member states of the united nations not only the UNHRC members. So this review is a cooperative mechanism which is based on an interactive dialogue and it ensures universality of coverage and equal treatment of all states. So what UNHRC actually does is under the UPR it will assess the extent to which the states respect their human rights obligations that are set out in these documents. So when the members commit gross and systematic violations of human rights then the UNGA that is United Nations General Assembly can even suspend the rights of their membership in the council. So now let us come to the main focus of our discussion which is the membership. Know that the Human Rights Council has 47 members based on equitable geographical distribution. These 47 members are members of United Nations and they are elected by the United Nations General Assembly and the seats are distributed among regional groups as given here. Now with respect to India know that currently India is a member in Human Rights Council. India was elected as a member from January 2019 for a term of three years. So the membership of India ends in December 2021 but remember this is not the first time India is holding the membership of the council because the previous term of India expired in 2017 and then after that from 2019 India is a member of the council. So from this you can easily say that the members are eligible for reelection but there is an exception to this that is the members are not eligible for immediate reelection after serving two consecutive terms. Now when we discuss about the UNHRC membership remember about USA because USA left UNHRC in the year 2018 stating the reason that UNHRC has an anti-Israel view and this withdrawal of USA from UNHRC gave chance to China to dominate in the council. According to the current tenure of China it retires as a member in December 2020 itself. Now let us come to the today's news. The news is that last week UN General Assembly held elections for selecting 15 members for UNHRC. These are the 15 members and they will serve for three years starting from January 2021 till December 2023 and as you can see here China is re-elected as a member. Not only China even Senegal, Nepal, Pakistan, Ukraine, Mexico have also been re-elected. But here China's membership is controversial because there are allegations that China is diluting the concept of universal values and it is promoting its own world view on human rights. So on a whole if you see what are the positives of the council the first one is that the council is fairly representative of the general assembly without special privileges for the more developed western countries because such kind of special privileges for the more developed western countries exist in other multilateral institutions such as IMF and World Bank. But that does not happen here but here you should note that not all the UN member states have served as a member of Human Rights Council. Only 117 out of 193 UN member states have served as members of HRC as of January 2020. Then the second positive is the UPR that is universal periodic review and the collaboration that happens in that process. But beyond these positives the council is often under criticism because several of its members are in violation of its proclaimed aims. For example if you take China it follows the one-party systems and if you take Russia which has been elected as a member in this 2020 election it has anti-gay policies. If you remember on our third July 2020 in the news analysis we discussed the amendments to Russian constitution and one of the important amendments was a ban on same-sex marriage by declaring protection of institution of marriage as the union of man and a woman. That is under their constitution only the union of a man and a woman is recognized as marriage. So this bans the same-sex marriage therefore it is a glaring human rights violation but even then Russia has been elected as a member now. So like this the council is often criticized due to its members but even among the criticisms the council is functioning better than its predecessor commission which is the United Nations Commission on Human Rights. Because the council has investigated and strongly condemned the violation of various human rights in several countries such as the violation of human rights in Israel, Syria, Iran, North Korea, Cambodia, Belarus, Eritrea, etc. So that means the council has to improve its functioning. So these are some of the information that you should know with respect to United Nations Human Rights Council or simply the Human Rights Council. Let's move on to the next discussion. This discussion is based on this FAQ article which discusses about the auction theory. The auction theory assumes significance since two economists from USA have won Nobel prize for economics for making improvements to auction theory and for making inventions of new auction formats. So in this context let us discuss about the auction theory and the works done by the Nobel laureates. The syllabus relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference. First year note that in the year 1968 Sverius Riksbank that is the Sweden's central bank established the Sverius Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in the memory of Alfred Nobel. So technically the prize awarded for economic sciences is not a Nobel prize but it is identified with the Nobel award. And to know more about the Nobel prizes you can refer our 10th October in the news analysis where we have discussed in detail about the Nobel prizes. So colorfully this prize is known as the Nobel for economics. So this year's Nobel for economics was awarded jointly to Paul R Milgrom and Robert B Wilson. They have been awarded this prize for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats. Now to understand their work first we need to understand what is meant by auction. An auction is a system of buying and selling goods or services by offering them for bidding that is allowing people to bid and then selling to the highest bidder. The bidders compete against each other and in this each subsequent bid is higher than the previous bid. So this is the general scenario. Once an item is placed for sale the auctioneer that is the person who conducts the auctions will start at a relatively low price to attract a large number of bidders for that product. And the price increases each time someone makes new higher bid until finally no other bidders are willing to offer more than the most recent bid. And the highest bidder takes the item. An auction is considered complete when the vendor accepts the highest bid offered and the buyer pays for the goods or services and takes possession of those goods or services. Simply for example there is an item A and the auctioneer starts the bidding at 1 rupees. Now the first bidder offers 100 rupees and the second bidder offers 150 rupees then the third bidder offers 200 rupees then the fourth bidder offers 500 rupees. Then after that no one makes any highest bid. So the most recent bid here is the 500 rupees. So here this item A will go to this highest bidder only who has made this 500 rupees bid. So this is how generally auctions work. You might have come across auctions being conducted for the sale of antiques, rare collectibles and paintings but know that auctions are used in multiple sectors also like agriculture, spectrum, investment securities etc. So now our next question is what is auction theory? Auction theory is a branch of economics that deals with auctions. Using this auction theory researchers try to understand the outcomes of different rules for bidding and final prices that is they try to understand the auction format. Now the analysis of the auction is difficult because bidders behave strategically they behave based on the available information. The bidders take into consideration both what they know themselves and also what they believe other bidders to know. Now in this regard both the laureates have been awarded for their individual as well as joint contribution in auction theory. Both of them have studied individually on how auctions work. They have also used their insights and collaborated together to design new auction formats for goods and services that are difficult to sell in a traditional way. So first let us see the individual contributions. One of the noble laureates Robert Wilson developed the theory for auctions of objects with a common value. This is the value which is uncertain beforehand but in the end it is the same for everyone. For example you can take the future value of radio frequencies or the volume of minerals available in a particular area. In this Wilson showed why rational bidders have the tendency to place bids below their own best estimate of the common value. The reason is because they are worried about the winner's curse. Winner's curse is nothing but the feeling that they are paying too much and they are losing out. So Robert Wilson is known for this common value. Then the other noble laureate Paul Milgrom he formulated a more general theory of auctions that not only allows common values but it also allows private values that vary from bidder to bidder due to the bidder's unique circumstances. He analyzed the bidding strategies in a number of well-known auction formats. He demonstrated that a format will give the seller higher expected revenue when the bidders learn more about each other's estimated values during bidding. In particular Dr Paul Milgrom showed how Dutch auctions can help sellers earn more revenues than English auctions. So to understand this first we have to know about the types of auctions. First is the English auction. It is also known as the open outcry auction. It is the most commonly used type today and it is an open ascending price auction. Here the auctioneer that is the person who conducts the auctions announces the prices and the bidders call out their bids until no participant is willing to bid higher like the example which we saw and the process ends when the auctioneer accepts the highest final bid. You'd have seen this kind of bid in movies also and this kind of auction is commonly used for selling wine, antiques, tobacco etc. Now the next type is the Dutch auction. This is an open descending price auction where the auctioneer starts with a high asking price and then lowers the price or the bid until one of the bidders is willing to accept the auctioneer's price or when the seller's reserve price is achieved and in this Dutch auction the goods for sale are allocated based on the bid order where the first highest bidder picks their items followed by the second highest bidder and this continues until the order has been exhausted and this kind of auction is used for perishable commodities such as flowers and occasionally for investment securities also. There is also one more type of auction which is the sealed bid auction. This sealed bid auction is also known as the blind auction. Here all bidders submit sealed bids simultaneously so that no bidder gets to know the bid of their competitors. This type of auction you'd have often heard in the government contract tenderings, mining leases etc. So from all these different types of auctions you can see that people either have always sold things to the highest bidder or they bought them from where makes the cheapest offer. The second type happens when there is a government tendering etc. So ultimately here both the buyers and the sellers benefit from auctions. Now in this regard Dr Milgrom showed how Dutch auctions can help sellers earn more revenues than English auctions because as we saw in the case of English auctions the price rises based on higher bids that is submitted by competing buyers. But as soon as some of the bidders drop off of the auction as the price rises then the remaining bidders become more cautious about bidding higher prices. So the seller's revenue will be affected to a particular extent but this is not the case in Dutch auctions because here the seller starts with the highest bid then slowly reduces it. Hence Dutch auctions can help sellers earn more revenues than the English auctions and based on this Dr Milgrom disproved the traditional auction theory which is called as the revenue equivalence theorem. This revenue equivalence theorem believed that all auctions are the same in terms of generating revenues for sellers and this has been disproved by Dr Milgrom. So these are the individual contributions of both these lorrets. Now they have also made joint contribution that is they have devised new real-world auction formats. Both of these lorrets have invented new formats for auctioning of many interrelated objects simultaneously on behalf of a seller. For example spectrum rights auction. See spectrum is a complex good as well as a scarce resource. So earlier what governments did was governments sold spectrum rights on a piecemeal basis as individual units. So this made the spectrum auctioning unappealing to companies and this also led to private speculators earning billions in the secondary market by reselling the spectrum which they bought from the government. So the government lost the revenues which it could have otherwise made if it had better auction designs. So keeping this in mind the lorrets designed an auction model to sell spectrum in bundles instead of individual units. This generated revenue for the governments and it also resulted in broad societal benefit. Hence it became helpful for the governments. And this method for the first time was used in the year 1994 by the US government where it used the auction formats to sell radio frequencies to telecom operators. Since then many other countries have followed the same formats. So as a conclusion what you should understand is that the contributions of Dr. Milgram and Dr. Wilson have helped governments and even private companies to design their auctions better. And this has in turn helped in the better allocation of scarce resources and it has offered more incentives for sellers to produce complex goods. Hence the discoveries have benefited sellers, buyers and taxpayers around the world. So this is the information that you should know with respect to auction theory. With this we come to the end of this discussion. Now next discussion is a small discussion about the Golconda Fort in Hyderabad which is based on this news article. The article mentions that the relentless rain in Hyderabad has ravaged the 500-year-old Golconda Fort. So in this context let us know about some details of the fort. This fort is located in the western part of Hyderabad city. The fort was originally a mud fort and it was built under the reign of Raja of Varangal of the Kakate dynasty. It was built on a hilltop and later it was fortified that is later it was strengthened to protect against the attack between the centuries of 14th and 17th centuries and this was done by the Bahmani sultans and then by the Kutab Shahi dynasty when they were ruling. So currently the inner part of the fort contains ruins of palaces, mosques and a hilltop pavilion which rises about 130 meters high. So Golconda Fort is undoubtedly one of the most magnificent fortress complexes in India and this fortress rests on a granite hill. Initially it was called as the shepherd's hill which means Golconda in Telugu. Also know that the outermost enclosure of this fort is called as Fateh Darwaza which means victory gate. It was named like this after Aurangzeb's army marched successfully through this gate. Here remember that the Kutab Shahi monuments of Hyderabad then the Golconda fort then Kutab Shahi tombs and Charminar are part of the tentative list of India which are waiting in order to qualify for the inclusion in the world heritage list. So they are just in the tentative list they have not yet been awarded the world heritage tag. So in this context just know that the Kutab Shahi dynasty was founded by the Sultan Kuli Kutab Shah and he ruled the Golconda region from 1518 AD to 1687 AD and the fourth king of the dynasty that is the King Mohammed Kuli Kutab Shah is the founder of the Hyderabad city. So the capital of Kutab Shahi kingdom was shifted from the Golconda to Hyderabad. So during the reign of the Kutab Shahi dynasty seven rulers ruled the dynasty and they ruled for 170 years that is they successfully registered the Mughal attack till 1687 AD. So in this context know that the Kutab Shahi dynasty was the last kingdom to be absorbed in the expanding Mughal empire under Aurangzeb. So these are some of the information that you should know with respect to Golconda fort and the Kutab Shahi dynasty. Now let's move on to the next discussion. This discussion is based on this news article which talks about the recently held elections in New Zealand. In this election the sitting prime minister of New Zealand, Jacinda Ardern's party has again won and according to the news article her political party which is the Labour Party of New Zealand will form the first single party government in decades. It is because since the year 1996 no party has been able to govern without the support from other groups that is so far they have been forming the government based on coalition and now only the Labour Party of New Zealand has won enough seats to form a single party government in New Zealand. So in this context let us discuss about New Zealand's geography, history and political system. The syllabus relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference. First know that New Zealand is also known as Aotearoa New Zealand. It is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean. It is the southwestern most part of Polynesia and it lies southeast of Australia so its nearest neighbour is Australia only and this island country comprises of two main islands one is the north island and the second one is the southern island and it also has a number of small islands. Its capital city is Wellington but its largest urban area is Auckland and both of these cities are situated in the north island only. Now geographically the important point to note here is that the landforms of New Zealand are shaped by its location it is located on the boundary of Pacific tectonic plate and the Indo-Australian tectonic plate. So because of the resulting earth movements due to this location over two-thirds of the land of New Zealand is covered with hilly and mountainous terrain and this location also leads to frequent earthquakes in most part of the country and this has also made the central north island as a zone of volcanic activity and geothermal activity. Apart from this remember that New Zealand is a part of Ring of Fire. Ring of Fire is the circum-pacific seismic belt that is marked by frequent earthquakes and considerable volcanic activity and as we just saw that New Zealand as a country is located on the boundary of two tectonic plates specifically know that the north island and the western part of the south island are on the Indian Australian plate and the remainder of the south island is on the Pacific plate and their collision only creates violent seismic activity in subduction zones and along the faults. So these are some of the geographical details that should know with respect to New Zealand. Now let us discuss its history in brief. The New Zealand was comprised of pollination Maori people these pollination Maori people reached New Zealand sometime between 1250 and 1300 AD and then in 1964 the Dutch explorer Abel Thesman became the first European to reach the New Zealand and then he named the island as the Statenland. Then after this in 1645 itself the Dutch cartographers renamed the island as Nova Zealandia after the Dutch province of Zealand. Then in 1769 the British explorer Captain James Cook anglicized the name Nova Zealandia to New Zealand when he mapped the islands. So when he say anglicized it means renaming it into English. So the Dutch name of Nova Zealandia was renamed in English as New Zealand. Then in the year 1840 the Maori chief entered into an agreement with Great Britain it is called as the Treaty of Waitangi. In this treaty the chief of Maori people ceded sovereignty to the Queen Victoria of England but the chief retained the territorial rights and in the same year the British began the first organized colonial settlement in New Zealand but after that there were series of land wars between the period 1843 and 1872 among the Britishers and the Maori people but in the end the native Maori people were defeated. Then in their 1907 the British colony of New Zealand became an independent dominion and it also supported the United Kingdom's military in both the world wars. But even though by 1920s New Zealand controlled almost all of its internal and external policies it became fully independent only in the year 1947 when it adopted the statute of Westminster. I know that the British parliament passed this statute of Westminster with an objective to grant complete autonomy to its dominions. So this is the brief history. Now based on this let us see some of the facts about the polity of New Zealand. New Zealand is a parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy. New Zealand's legislative system is a unicameral house of representatives and it is commonly called as parliament. I know that the members of the parliament serve three year terms and as we saw in the beginning now in the recent elections the Labour party of New Zealand has won enough seats so it will be forming the single party government under the prime ministership of Jacinda Ardern. So these are some of the information that you should know with respect to New Zealand. This play practice question will be discussed in the last session. Let's move on to the next discussion. This discussion is based on this article from the Sunday magazine. It talks about the biological diversity act and its implementation status. In this regard it also talks about the people's biodiversity register, the biodiversity management committee etc. So in this discussion we'll see these in detail and this discussion will help you in problems as well as in mains preparation. See as we know biodiversity is very crucial for the functioning of ecosystems. So the biological diversity act was enacted in the year 2002. Now the purpose of this biodiversity act is to realize equitable sharing of benefits which is arising out of the use of biological resources and associated knowledge. So in this regard the act covers the protection of traditional knowledge and equitable sharing of benefits which is arising out of the use of such traditional knowledge. It also has other objectives such as conservation then sustainable use of biological resources etc. And we also have a biological diversity rules of 2004. Now the act and the rules are implemented in India through a decentralized system and for this a tree-tired structure has been established under the act at the national state and local levels. At the local level the biodiversity management committees are to be established by institutions of the local self-government. This is for the implementation of specific provisions of the act and rules. And then at the state level the state biodiversity boards are to be established and then at the national level the national biodiversity authority is to be established. These are to be established to deal with the matters relating to the implementation of the act and the rules. So each of these structures are required to be connected for decision-making processes on various issues including the issues of access and benefit sharing. And here just remember that all of these institutions are statutory, autonomous bodies established under the Biological Diversity Act of 2002. And as we just now saw the act provides protection for traditional knowledge. And as the article correctly states the traditional knowledge of forest dwellers, fisher folks, pastoralists and hunting communities about the biodiversity was never considered to be on par with the formal research. So due to this the private companies exploited the traditional knowledge to extract natural resources and these communities even were not rewarded for this contribution in any way. So to stop this exploitation and to bring in the rich knowledge of these local communities for their benefit as well as for the benefit of the nation, the National Biodiversity Authority has issued a set of guidelines and it has provided financial support for the establishment and operationalization of biodiversity management committees. So what are the roles of BMCs? According to the Rule 22 Sub Rule 6 of the Biological Diversity Rules 2004 the BMC's main function is to prepare the People's Biodiversity Register. See this People's Biodiversity Register or PBR is a legal document that contains details of biological resources which are occurring within a BMC. And it also contains the associated knowledge of these biological resources as well. Now this information is critical for the conservation and for the sustainable monitoring of biological resources at local level. Further a PBR also helps in identification of a beneficiary with whom benefits can be shared when an associated benefit sharing agreement becomes operational. So these registers are used to identify the BMC's from where the biological resources are accessed and then the benefits will be provided to the local biodiversity funds which are maintained by the Biodiversity Management Committees. So in this regard only this news article covers the effectiveness of the Biological Diversity Act and creating the PBR's. In this regard the article mentions that by the year 2016 only 9700 BMCs had been set up for the 270,000 local bodies across the country. This is even less than 5 percentage of what should have been established. So that means if BMCs are not established then PBR's would not have been prepared. So that means still the forest dwellers, fisher folks, pastoralist and hunting communities were subjected to exploitation and this also means that the act was not implemented properly. So due to this an order was passed by the National Green Tribunal in the year 2016 and in this order NGT directed 100 percentage compliance in the constitution of BMCs and in the creation of PBR's by January 31st 2020. Here NGT also stated that the states will be fined from February 1st 2020 if they fail to comply with this order and the fine will be rupees 10 lakh per month. So after this only the states started to establish the BMC's and they started preparing the PBR's. But now the deadline has crossed and according to the article around 190,000 PBR's have been completed or they are in various stages of preparation. So that means still only 70 percentage of the country's PBR is prepared. So now let us wait and see whether NGT finds the states for non-compliance as it said in the 2016 order or whether it pardons the delay in establishing BMC's due to the pandemic. So these are some of the information that you should know with respect to the implementation of biological diversity act and people's biodiversity register. Now let's move on to the next discussion. Our next discussion is based on this small snippet which talks about a new material that is showing signs of superconductivity at room temperature. According to researchers this material conducts electricity without resistance up to 15 degree Celsius. But the only problem with the material is that this superconductivity property survives only under pressures such as the pressures which are found at the center of the earth. So in this context let's know what do we mean by superconductors and their applications. See a superconductor is a material such as a pure metal like aluminum or lead and when these metals are cooled to ultra low temperatures they allow electricity to move through them with absolutely zero resistance. In simple words we can say that superconductor is a material that can conduct electricity or that can transport electrons from one atom to another without any resistance below a certain temperature. This means that no heat sound or any other form of energy would be released from the material when it has reached the critical temperature or the temperature at which the material becomes superconductive. But unfortunately most materials must be in an extremely low energy state that is they have to be very cold in order to become superconductive. And just know that superconductors come in two different types type one and type two. Type one superconductor consists of basic conductive elements that are used in everything like from electrical wiring to computer microchips. And then type two superconductor is composed of metallic compounds such as copper or lead. They reach a superconductive state at much higher temperatures when compared to type one superconductors. So where these superconductors are used. One of its main applications is the magnetic levitation that is the transport vehicles such as trains can be made to float on strong superconducting magnets and this virtually eliminates the friction between the train and its tracks. Then another area where superconductors are used is the life saving function in the field of biomagnetism which we know as the MRI scanning. Here also superconductors are used. Then in the electronics industry the ultra high performance filters are now being built with superconductors. Then superconductors have also found widespread applications in the military because now significantly smaller motors are being built by US Navy for their ships using superconducting wires and tapes. So like this superconductors have many applications. So that is all about superconductors. Now we have come to the last session the practice questions discussion session. Now this question is a pair based question on one side communities are given and on the other side countries are given. And we have to choose the incorrectly matched pair. Now the first pair is Uyghur Russia. This is incorrect because Uyghurs are ethnic minorities in China. So that means one should be in answer. Then from today's discussion you can say that third pair is also incorrect because Maori's are indigenous inhabitants of New Zealand not Lebanon. So three should also be in answer. If you know these two then you can easily arrive at the correct answer which is option D one, two and three. And here the yes these they are not the inhabitants of Greece. Rather they are the persecuted religious minorities in Iraq, Syria, Turkey etc. Now this question was framed based on this 2016 problems question for which the correct answer is option C two and three only because Kurds are related to Turkey, Syria and Iraq. Now this next question if you see three dynasties are given Khakate dynasty, Kutab Shahi dynasty, Bahamani sultanate. Which of the above sultanates or dynasties is or are involved in the construction and modification of Golconda fort. Now during discussion we saw that all the three were involved in the construction and also in the modification of Golconda fort. So the correct answer is option D one, two and three. With this we come to the end of today's in the news analysis. If you like the video don't forget to like, comment and share. Do subscribe to Shankara E Sekhand YouTube channel for more updates related to civil service examination preparation.


Is there anything that Art Resin is not compatible with? Art Resin is not compatible with things that are designed to repel water, so like wax paper or a shower curtain, something like that, plastic bag even. However, if you're working with material that can become loops, then that loose material could mix in with the resin where you don't want it to. In other words, when you pour the resin on, it is liquid when you pour it on and it could cause that loose material to sort of float away from the resin into places that you may not want it.  And also, if you're doing an oil painting, you want to make sure that oil paint is completely dry before you pour Art Resin over top, which sometimes, as you know, can take a long time. And finally, one thing that you should be aware of is when you use Art Resin on your materials, it can cause the colors to look a little bit different, as if it's wet. After all, Art Resin is a liquid when it first goes on. In some cases, that makes for a very good result. And for some cases, you just need to be aware so that you don't wind up with something that you'd rather not have. Again, just test first and you'll be fine. So keep your questions coming in the comment section below. For more FAQ answers, how-to videos, and other cool stuff, you can take a look at these and visit artresin.com for more.


Narcissists act differently when you're not there. Narcissists have at least two personalities. Two different sides to them. They're like Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. They have two different ways of acting and behaving. They don't always express their genuine feelings. Instead, they deceive and mislead other people. They give them the wrong impression. They hide who they really are. They hide what they're really about. Because they're fake people, they're not real or genuine. They just pretend to have a feeling, emotion, illness or injury so that they can get what they want. The narcissist will show you whatever they think you want to see. They will display their selfless character who is concerned more with the needs and wishes of other people rather than with their own because they're using it to manipulate people into doing what they want. They will pretend to care about you. They will pretend to respect you. They will pretend to have their own values and morals. Because they have secretly studied you. They have studied your likes and dislikes. They have learned what you want to see. They have learned what you want to hear. And then they reflect it back to you. They present themselves as something that you might like or be interested in so that you're willing to invest your time, energy or money into them. And at first, it may seem like a good investment until a few months go by and then cracks begin to appear. Things start to go wrong and you realize that it wasn't worth investing in after all.  You've been led to believe something that isn't true because the narcissist has to lie to you. They have to make up stories. They have to hide important information because otherwise you wouldn't want anything to do with them. You would never stick around. So instead, they show you everything you desire. Everything you want to see but as time goes by you realize that there is another side to them. A side that is very different to everything you thought they were everything that they displayed to you in the beginning. From what they had showed to you in the beginning you never would have expected them to end up this way but they were this way all along. They just hid that from you. They didn't reveal all of their problems and issues in the beginning. They would hold that information from you until you're locked in. Many narcissists have anger issues. Many of them are alcoholics or they have drug addictions but these are things that they never revealed to you in the beginning. They did everything they could to hide that from you because they know that's not something desirable. They know that's not something to be proud of. They are very reckless. They are very foolish and careless. They don't consider the consequences of their actions which is how they're able to excessively indulge in alcohol, drugs and sex because they're not happy with their lives. So they engage in escapism. They seek distraction because they don't want to deal with reality. So how could they care about what is right or wrong? They will do anything to get what they want. Narcissists act differently when you're not there.  Everything you were led to believe is not real or genuine. It's an illusion. It's a facade. And they constructed a false character. Just to manipulate you they don't really have any values or morals. They don't have any principles or standards of behaviour. They don't have any judgement of what is important in life. And they haven't learned any lessons to write from stories or experiences because they never take accountability for anything anyway. It's always someone else's fault or it just happens by chance or they act like nothing is wrong because the truth is they don't really care about anyone or anything. That was just a false character that they used to lure you in. It wasn't real. You may think that you've gotten to know them. You've learned all of these things about them. And you know who they are and what they're about. But how can you be so sure? They displayed this character to you at the beginning. But that wasn't who they really are. So even this character you're seeing now may not be who they really are. There could be so much more to them that no one even knows what you're seeing could only be the tip of the iceberg. There could be a much larger part that you are not seeing. Things that you do not know about. Things that you may never know. Because just remember what happened in the beginning. You got to know this character.  But then you soon discovered that it's not who they really are. You were just getting to know the false character. That was who you believed in. That was who you trusted. And you believe that you had this connection. You believed that you were in love with them. You developed expectations from a character that wasn't even real. A person who didn't even exist. But then you wonder why they're not capable of meeting those expectations. When that character was never real in the first place it was just constructed to deceive you. You don't know who they really are. And you may never know. You don't know what they're doing when you're not there. Maybe they're giving that same character to someone else. But one thing is for sure when the narcissist is not around you they're up to no good. They're doing something bad. They're doing something that is not good for you. Because they don't care about you. They never did and they never will.  They just reflected your qualities and ideals back to you. They knew who you wanted them to be. But they were never about any of that. It was just a trap so that they could get what they want from you. Which is why once they've gotten what they wanted that kind, caring character you saw at the beginning is now nowhere to be found.  You feel like you want to be with them. But you need to accept that this character doesn't even exist. You fell for something that wasn't even real. It was an act. They behaved in the way that you decided and expected. So that you kept them around. But they act differently when you're not there. They will give people whatever they want to see. Whatever will get them attention. Because that's all they really care about. That's where they created the false character. It wasn't to share anything with you. It was designed to trick you into giving your attention to them.  Which is why they knew they had to create a false character. They knew they had to lie to you. They knew they had to hide important information from you.  Because that was the only way that they could get in. If they were up front about who they are and what they're really about. You never would have kept them around. You never would have kept them around. And they know that. They created the false character. Because they knew that you would never accept who they really are. Thank you for watching. I hope this video raised it with you. Please like, comment, share and subscribe. If you would like to donate. My PayPal link is in the video description. Coaching queries. You can email me. Thank you for watching and I'll talk to you soon.


My first semester of medical school I was easily setting 8 to 12 hours a day and I thought this was normal so I kept doing it. But then when the grades came back as only season Bs with those many hours I knew something had to change. So today I want to share five hacks that I wish someone told me about studying from day one in medical school and number four and number five would have saved my grades super early on. Let's get into it. So number one is strategically planned past number one, two and three. I study much differently for a class and lecture if I thought and asked myself how do I cover this lecture three times versus just focusing on trying to get through it the first time. That's why if I know that I need to schedule three passes then I'm going to look at my schedule and say where are those three passes going to go. Often it will be the first pass will happen the date of the lecture, sometimes I may do a second pass within about a week, sometimes on the weekend and maybe the third pass will happen during my week up to that test or the few days before the quiz. Now because that schedule now forced me to have that same lecture three times it will reduce the amount of time that I'm able to do inefficient work and thus I'll have to ask myself what are the most effective ways to cover this lecture quickly so then I can cover it three times. And if you're somebody who feels like the system that they're currently using can by no means do three passes completely fine. Go ahead and check out the Anki system that I use in medical school that worked wondrous for me. I'll link it down below in case you guys are interested. But the biggest takeaway is that the reps are needed to really learn anything effectively whether it's a medical score or any academic journey. We all know this but we don't prioritize it because often we have so much trouble just getting to the first class in itself. It's also because we look at the time that we have between now and the quiz or the test whether it's two weeks or four weeks and we allocate all of that time to review the first time. But if you know that you need two or three passes to truly effectively learn that material, the time shrinks and then you start to question all the study techniques and resources and decisions that you make by asking this question repeatedly not only will you get reps in but you'll also start to take away those study techniques that actually don't work for you. Number two is dividing memorizing and connecting. Now even though I'm a big proponent of flashcards such as that Anki system I know for a fact that when I'm learning Anki cards or any flashcards I'm just memorizing facts and connections between A and B. But usually when it comes time for the quiz or the test it's much more than just knowing some facts on one specific question. You need to know how everything kind of starts to connect together, particularly in medical school. And so if you're somebody who sits for an exam and realizes that you don't have as much difficulty with those detailed questions because you memorize the facts but you do for those stop provoking answers where you're not sure if it's A or B this is perfect for you. Because you need to remember that you need to think about your learning as both in acquiring as well as a solidifying phase versus the acquisition phase which we're all familiar with. This is either doing flashcards or things that are less effective like wrote memorization, highlighting, just rewriting things until you memorize it. Again, you memorize at A equals B but that's pretty much all you know. If somebody needed you to connect ideas, you probably would struggle. The second phase is solidifying and this is where you take everything that you've now memorized and ask yourself how they're connected. Now you can do this by yourself and my favorite strategies is to grab something like a whiteboard or a blank piece of paper and try to recreate the lecture as quickly as possible to identify where you know that something used to be on PowerPoint slide or on your notes but you can't put it on paper. That means that there's a gap in your knowledge or is another option. You just use the word other people that put in through practice questions or review questions. I try to see using all the memorization that I've done. Can I answer these questions? If the answer is no, you need more practice in the solidification phase. That's where most students struggle because again, they're trying to focus so much on that first pass. You never get through actually solidifying them though. But if you get those first three passes like we talked about in the first tip then really think about what time of my week is going to be spent on doing tasks that are meant to solidify my knowledge. Now you feel much more comfortable going in your test quizzes. As a personal example, when I was in medical school I would schedule about a two-hour session that would meant for a solidification phase. Really that just meant me doing practice questions of whatever subject I was learning using a cube bank that I already had access to. And then I would find a lighter day of the week. Usually for me it ended up being a Wednesday because I had no labs or other obligations and I would schedule about 30 to 60 minutes to doing things like practice questions and then solidifying all the things that I've learned before that quiz or a test. And if you're somebody who's on their medical journey who's just struggling with getting the grades you want or just figuring out how to study effectively, need some more hand-holding for somebody to tell you do this, don't do that. Go ahead and click down below to see your various options whether it's self-paced doing a group option or having a one-on-one coach. And most importantly if you're just interested see the kind of results the students have gotten within just a few weeks. Really just revamping how they study but also the free time that they get with the addition of the grades that they see. Again if you're interested I'll link that down below. Now number three is stacking to avoid losing momentum and energy. Now even with the best intentions learning can feel like running a marathon each and every day. Not only are you really tired and burnt out on a Thursday or Friday going into a weekend but even within a day if you've had lectures in the morning trying to do some flashcards in the middle of it and then you have to prep for an exam for the rest of the day. That is a long haul and doing that endlessly can be very tiresome. It's easy to just lose energy but it's also easy to lose momentum. If you don't have the proper strategies on how to get out of this rut it's very easy for your grades your retention to also suffer. That's why when we work with students we think it's really important to pace both their energy as well as momentum levels. Now starting with momentum using as a personal example at the start of the day I was an early bird. I was ready to work I was able to get my workout in. I wanted to get those lectures covered my flashcards ready and as soon as that two o'clock time slot hit I wasn't really effective for pretty much the rest of the day. Now knowing on a personal level that my energy levels were the highest in the mornings lowest in the afternoons and a little bit higher in the evenings I could then ask myself what activities and tasks I could do at these respective times to then accommodate and basically compliment energy levels that I needed. So for example in the morning when I had the most energy I wanted to do the thing that would give me the best bang for my buck in terms of retention even at the rest of the day it was a wash. For me that was flashcards that's why I recommend that onky method again I'll link that down below if you're interested but pick the method or task that you need to do that's going to give you the biggest retention at the time of your highest energy for me On the flip side in the afternoon where I rather take a nap than do any more flashcards or any more watching of lecturers I would easily spend that time to watch youtube videos on topics that I just needed to look up and feel more fresh on. This is something that I already had been exposed to my foundation was already there and so usually during this time slot I would dive in and because I already have a foundation I'm just paying attention for what doesn't make sense or what I haven't heard or understood quite yet and after that 5 to 10 minute video even though I'm at the lowest energy point usually my momentum is increasing because I'm saying okay finally that makes so much more sense the lecturer did a bad job this video did a great job then you can transition to your other parts of your days that have higher energy so again for me it was in the evenings as well this allowed me to have a day where I was able to complement my momentum and energy and minimize the risk of burnout on a week to week basis. Then number four like I mentioned this is probably one of the most important in addition to number five and this is quick transitioning to questioning now using that onky strategy that I've been talking about again I'll link it down below my main goal was try to get to the question parts as quickly as possible I realized that when I was studying that eight to ten hours in medical score early a majority of it was spent on just obtaining the information from lecture slides syllabus chapters and most of it was ineffective so if I spent for example eight hours studying four to six hours may have just been reading something that I didn't retain as such a waste of time so I instead started to ask how can I take the six hours taken into something that may take two or three and then use the remaining bit of time and ideally less to repeat asking myself questions to then memorize everything I was supposed to learn for me I use the onky cards it doesn't matter what you use but try to transition to doing those questions and questioning of that lecture as quickly as possible because one of the most anxiety-provoking situations of a student is when you feel like you're on top of your material you're reading you're doing some questions here and there and then the quiz comes around you realize you actually don't understand anything you've learned over the past few weeks it happens to all of us it's definitely happened to me early on but if you can get into that questioning phase include those repetitions that we talked about earlier on now you're forcing yourself to identify what's a strength of yours what's something that you need more time on and then you can focus on that remaining time before the exam on those weak points and if you're somebody who doesn't have a questioning method or maybe doesn't like flashcards and don't want to try the onky method completely okay go ahead and check out the link down below of how to take your notes in the Q&E method it's a simple way of taking something like your outlines which most of us do and transitioning them into questions if I was reading a PowerPoint and I wanted to make those into questions I could literally just write a list of questions in the comment section of anything that was relevant on that slide those are my questions I may copy them to a word doc I may not but now I can just come home and repeat those over and over again if you're somebody who loves to physically write in your syllabus or highlight transitioning from doing just the highlighting to then writing questions on the margins that may answer a specific paragraph or specific section that you think to be important if you're looking at a diagram or chart instead of highlighting or starring the different parts of important you may want to ask the questions of how things are related or why it's important in the first place this way when you come home to review that lecture ideally that evening you can go through all those questions you've made in your physical textbook and say can I answer these or not and that is a great way to review and jump into that questioning phase as soon as possible out of all the things that we'll talk about in this episode if you do just was one thing you'll find that not only your retention of the material your confidence will definitely increase but your confidence going into that quiz or test will feel as light years ahead of whatever you are now next is the 20% cut strategy now if you're somebody who says I get decent grades or I was able to get grades when I want them to but I'm still studying way too long this is a perfect strategy to help highlight where you're wasting time again when I was studying 10 hours I had no idea how to transition to something like five hours just based off of what I was doing but the biggest thing I could ask myself is if I took 20% of my time away from my week instead I was studying 30 hours and I took six hours away what would I do with those less six hours which things and activities don't belong which ones belong more to make up for that difference in retention every time I would do this I would realize this resource not that helpful this review session not that helpful I can watch these lectures a little bit faster because the retention is much more when I'm doing the questions versus actually watching the lectures sometimes I could identify which lectures would just read off their slides this would be a waste of my 60 minutes and I could instead use that time to do more questions I would start to find these opportunities and then I would be able to go from 10 to 7 ask the same questions again go from 7 to 6 6 to 5 and a half and eventually 5 and a half to 5 which was the ultimate strategy that I ended up with in medical school so if you're somebody who is overwhelmed with the amount of the material the amount of hours you're studying sometimes there is some truth to that there's no downplaying with certain classes just require time especially before a quiz or test but sometimes you can look at the entire problem differently if you look at it from less time available and ask yourself what would I do differently what would I do more of less of and then giving that a shot and seeing if that actually affects your retention because often one extra hour a day doesn't affect your grade but often it does take away from things that you care about the most and an analogy that we use with our students all the time is imagine having to downsize for your lip so if you live in a house imagine that it's now 25% less 20% less what type of things would you take away and say this can just not fit into my new place the same goes for your study techniques all on a weekly basis you should be asking yourself this and ideally at least after every course to see where you would make some adjustments going into the next block now those guys are just a few of the study hacks that we have to share with you if you want more and you're interested in some step-by-step strategies go ahead and check out our free success handbook this is basically every's tip that I wish that somebody given to me in my first day of medical school and I'm updating this on a weekly basis so if you want access now and forever that's linked down below for free if you're somebody who does feel like they need a little bit more handholding on their studying journey there's nothing to be ashamed of we have a few options for you including level up your studying program this is our self-paced program the same six steps that I use to make that big leap from 10 to 5 hours and still able to get a 3.9 GPA in medical school tons of students have given that program a shot and managed to get some great results if you are somebody who feels like they just need some more personalized help and a self-paced program may not be the best fit for you go ahead and check down below to see how our group or our one-on-one coaching options may be a great fit most importantly just try to see the pinger results that some of the students that we worked with are just getting within a few short weeks super proud of their results super proud to share them with you if you're interested that would link down below but as always my friends if you enjoyed this episode watching this on youtube really appreciates a little quick like it helps me understand this is the content you guys want me to make more of give more tips on studying so I really appreciate that add your comments down below if you guys have any and if you enjoyed this episode that onky video will be linked right here as well as all the study methods that I use to get a 3.9 GPA medical school I share them step by step including the ones that I found to be the most effective but as always my friends thank you so much for being a part of our journey hopefully we were a little helped to you guys on yours and as always I'll catch you in the next one peace


The round-dodge city and in the territory on west, there's just one way to handle the killers and the spoilers, and that's with the U.S. Marshal and the smell of guns smoke. William Conrad, the story of the violence that moved west with young America, and the story of a man who moved with it. I'm that man, Matt Dillon, the United States Marshal, the first man they look for and the last they want to meet. It's a chancy job, and it makes a man watchful, and a little lonely. You want some more pie, kitty? You might as well, since Doc's paying for it. No, thanks, Matt. I've had plenty.  Some forgotten relative leave you something in his will? Might as well. Well, what do you mean, Doc? Well, you remember that cowboy got himself shot up in a long branch brawl, who that was a year or two ago? There's been more than one of them. Well, I know that, but Kitty might remember this. She helped stop the bleeding until I got there. Oh, I remember, Doc. You didn't even have enough money to buy a bear. And we figured he never would have. Oh, what happened to her? Well, sir, I had a letter from him this morning. He's had some kind of a payoff in California, and he sent me a $20 gold piece to pay me for what he called my medical services. Oh, that's fine, Doc. I'm glad he made up. Yes, men like him don't often do it. You don't often get paid to do that. Well, you never know in my business. Mr. Dillon. Mr. Dillon. That's Chester, man, at the door. Oh.  He means the doc. Excuse us. Come on, sir. He's going back outside. Somebody must be hurt. Yeah. I didn't hear any shooting. Now, there are other ways to get hurt, Doc. Well, we're here for the stage, Mr. Dillon. Oh. That man has been hurt, Mac. That's the shotgun messenger, Doc. Somebody must have held up the stage. That shot, Mr. Dillon. He's hurt pretty bad. Let me take a look. What happened, Chester? Well, I don't know. For sure. I didn't see him come in just now, and Mike was driving. Mike was driving? Yes, sir. So I knew something was wrong. Then I could see he is hurt, too. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Mac. Yeah, Doc. He's trying to say something. Make it fast, man. I got to get him up in my office. Mike. It's Marshall Dillon. What happened? Hell, Doc. Driver. Cute. Are there any passengers? No. No. I don't see shipment. 20,000. What had happened, Mike? No, no. He's going out, Mac. Mike. Mike. Please try. Tell me what had happened. How many men? Huh? North. Oh, Mac. He's unconscious. I'll find a couple of men to help you, Doc. Chester, go get our horses. Yes, sir. And hurry. All right, now, Mr. Dillon. That cracked shoe shows up real funny. Yeah, they've been riding hard, too. But they must have slowed down their stop for a while somewhere. I hope they didn't get no more sleep last night than we did. Oh, it's a matter, Chester. You getting old? I know, sir. It ain't that. But my gracious, two hours sleep, it just don't seem worth bothering about that song. I hope our friends bother a little about sleep. If I was carrying $20,000 in bills, I wouldn't ever stop. You'd have to be riding a pretty unusual horse. Yes, I guess you're right. Wait a minute. Looks like they did stop after all. What? They built a fire over there. I think we picked up a little time on them, Chester. I did at the little town of Rome in New York state back in 1817. And on July 4th, 1967, the Post Office released a special sesquicentennial stamp there in honor of the big ditch, they dug, which it says on the stamp in my album here was the Erie Canal. Now, in case you don't know, that canal went all the way from Buffalo on Lake Erie to the Hudson River, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. The biggest waterway ever built in the United States at the time, and it was done mostly by the Irish, just over from the old country, who did their digging with spit and mussel. Made lots of money for years on tolls, and the traffic and freight and people through the canal was mainly responsible for building up the Midwest and keeping business in the East busy doing it. Well, of course the Erie Canal ain't what she used to be, because the railroads do most of the job now, but the big ditch is still there, and so is all the history that went through it. I swear I'm gonna show them that man's riding like this stuck to the saddle. They're near dark again. They'll have to stop someplace along there pretty soon, huh? I don't know. Hold up, Chester. Those tracks are heading down to those bushes along the creek. Let's go easy. There, sir. Below the stream there are they the shack. Oh, yeah, I see it. You think they might be a hit out, ain't it? Maybe. I'm not gonna ride straight up to find out. We'll leave the horses here. Yes, sir. We'll circle around back. Just keep low. Two horses tied up there? Uh-huh. Mr. Dillon, are they out? Yeah. They're heading for the horses. But the other one's getting away.  I'll see about the man I shot. Well, aren't you going after the other one? He's got a pretty good head start, and it's near dark. I'm not gonna after him blind. Morning's soon enough. All right. Now go on. Horses can come here. We'll carry him into the shack. You're right there. Well, his legs broke. He must have stumbled in there. It's time to get away. You reckon I better shoot him? All right. You can do it as soon as we get this man into the shack. All right, sir. Easy, easy. It's locked. You suppose somebody lives in this forsaken place? Well, find out. Go ahead and knock. Just finish telling you men you can't stay in my house. You don't need that shotgun, ma'am. We don't mean any harm. I intend to defend my home, sir. No rough men are going to tramp around amongst my fine things. You open the door a little wider, ma'am, and you'll see we're not the same men. I don't open my home to any strength. I'm Marshal Dillon from Dodge City, and we got a badly injured man here. A United States Marshal? That's right, ma'am. Well, then I guess I'll have to let you in. But I don't hold your Yankee government. I want that clear. All right, ma'am. Fine. Come on, Chester. Now, you just show us where you want us to put him. He hurt bad. Bad enough.  But, ma'am, you, be careful of my things. All right, ma'am. We'll mind. Brung the saddle. A little. Oh, that talk about not hurting her fine things, right? Ain't nothing there that's worth carting away except maybe that old pine. Yeah, I know. Everything else is all cracked and broke. Most ladies wouldn't give that stuff house room. You gentlemen would care to join me. I fixed a small supper. Well, that's very nice of you, ma'am. Now, you say it's nice. Mr. Hanford. He's my husband. Mr. Hanford always said I could spot a gentleman right away. I could see you two were gentlemen as soon as we exchanged pleasantries there in the entryway. Oh, thank you, ma'am. Mr. Proud Forte. Ma'am. Please take your hat off my cherrywood piana. Well, ma'am, ma'am, it can't hurt nothing. I do not allow anything to mar the finish of my beautiful cherrywood piana. Yes, ma'am. Thank you. Here's your plate. Please sit down. Right here. I don't imagine your wounded friend will be able to partake. No, ma'am. Hanford, he's not likely to come to for some time, as if he ever does. I can't imagine how he got his wound. I had seen him just a few minutes before. You gentlemen... I mean, Hanford, ma'am, didn't you hear the shooting right outside your door? I have trained myself not to see and hear the ugly things of life. I just live here alone among my things. But you said that you have a husband. My husband has been gone for two, three, four years now, Marsha. I'm sorry to hear that, ma'am.  He thought he could when first we came here directly after the war. I had in mind he'd build me a new plantation. But Marsha, just between you and me, Mr. Hanford didn't appreciate my lovely things. And one day... Well, one day he just moved down west. Oh, that's too bad, ma'am. I do not need your pity, sir. I'm content. Oh, sure, of course. I'd be obliged if you gentlemen would sleep out there on the veranda. Oh, that's all right, Chester. We'll sleep on the veranda. I am going to have to keep an eye on Miller, though, ma'am. I will watch over him, Marsha. Well, no, that's not your job, Miss Hanford. I'm mistress of this house, Marsha Dillon. I will watch over him. I will call you if there's any change. I guess I'll look to him right now. Well, all right, ma'am. Mr. Dillon? Yeah, Chester. Mr. Dillon, is that slanty old porch a veranda? Well, it is to her. My, if she don't be all. Some towns in America have a lot in common, and yet they're each one of a kind. Take, for example, Valdez, Alaska. This is the earthquake on Good Friday in 64. Folks have been building all over again. Folks like Max Wells, whose hardware store reared up and moved back two feet. In those awful hours, fuel tanks exploded, there were scattered fires, and the entire dock disappeared. Men drove to 35-mile roadhouse for help. But that was then. Now Valdez is moving to solid ground five miles around the bay. The houses are up, the city hall and the freight dock are in, and children are buzzing over to the new Grodin Harrison Elementary School. Valdez is pretty much well again. Jurors come to this ice-free harbor and visit Valdez and Columbia Glaciers, over which early adventurers climb to the goldfield. But if you're hometown is Valdez, you already know this. We only wanted to remind you it's still there. When I dig a grave, the ground seems harder than the last time. A grave digging isn't supposed to be easy, Chester. It's too permanent. Funny how many men die at daybreak in it. I mean, when everything else is starting up and all. Well, I guess when you have to die, it's as good a time as any. Or do you reckon his brother is, Benin? Rack? I don't know. Are we sure going to have a long ride to catch up with him? Sure ain't one to hurry up a man-bodied dying, but I sure would have been glad to have been shot at this place for now. It's a matter, Chester, don't you enjoy Southern hospitality? Mr. Dullin, I have to walk around in that old shack on my tiptoes. She's after me every minute about not hurting her things. Grace's goodness, I couldn't hurt them old things if I tried. Well, we can be leaving soon. Now, Chester, we've done about all we can do.  You know, in ambushes. My guns are in the house. Come on! Will you get out of the way, please? I want my gun over there. What do you think that crazy fool's thinking of? I don't know, Chester, but he must have a good reason for sticking around. His brother? No, I don't think he'd take on these odds when he was pretty sure his brother was done for. I think he's got another reason. Where's the saddle that came off Miller's horse? Over there in the corner. Be careful of your heavy footsteps! Hell, let's see now. That's it. I wonder if he's stuck around. All that money makes up into a right pretty little package, don't it? Mr. Dillon, I don't understand the sudden rudeness on your part. I'm sorry, ma'am, but I'm not too polite when I'm being shot at. And you stay away from those wonders. Oh, thank you. Not give me orders, ma'am.  We're like sitting ducks this way. You will not touch my chair! All right, come on, Chester. Oh, don't harm it! Oh, don't harm it! I'll watch the front. You take the side. I don't think you'll wait long. I can't do this. How long? As long as that outlaw's out there, Miss Hanford. He's not going to let us out of here alive. You're going to stay here tramping around among my nice things until he goes away. I'm afraid so, ma'am. Well, I'll just order him off my lap. Miss Hanford, come back here! See here, sir! Miss Hanford! He's down. You got him. Yeah. You go make sure. Will you, Chester? Yes, sir. I'll see to Miss Hanford. Miss Hanford. Miss Hanford. Oh, sir, dear friend. You arrived. I'm sorry, ma'am. He was no gentleman, was he, Ma'am? Just passing on a lady's property. No, ma'am, he wasn't. He's dead, Miss Dylan. How's Miss Hanford? Not good. Not good at all. Miss Hanford, we're going to take you into your house. No, not just yet, Ma'am. Don't move me.  You'd be more comfortable if we... I'm going to smash her. I won't delay you long. Is there anything we can do?  You would just see... You would just see that somebody takes care of her. I loved it. She would... buy it. She on? You're inside now. We racked Miller to listen to her and go away, didn't she? And he was no gentleman. Well, it's just a shame. That's what it is. His pie on the shore must play pretty. Well, she loved it. Took care of it. It's good. What are you doing? I just thought I'd hit me in the other two. She wouldn't care, would she? Don't play at all. Look here, under the top. All the strings are rusted away. Just hanging there. Mr. Dillon, this pie ain't made a sound for years. I guess it doesn't have to play, Chester. It just had to look pretty, as old as she had. Here, if you will bear with me, as a quote from a speech rendered by that old political character, Elijah Cuddlestone. Now, I mean to say, tell you that is, that this man is a radical. A radical, mind you. Why, talk about change. He's used enough platform planks, even planks, that is, in this campaign alone to build you a new courthouse. I say, a new courthouse, and still have enough planks left over to construct a warehouse for all of his you-bast mistakes. Well, Elijah was a bit outspoken, and that's how he used the word radical. Radical comes from radix, the Latin word for root. Actually, today, radical isn't much more than a term of abuse. Before the 18th century, radical essentially meant a person who wanted to get to the root of a matter. Toward the end of the 18th century, a group of English politicals became known as radical reformers, because they wanted to revamp the existing political setup. They became a hated crew because folks didn't like change, and radical became a term of low reproach. Produced and directed by Norman McDonald, stars William Conrad as Matt Dillon, U.S. Marshall. Featured in the cast were Marley Baer as Chester, Howard McNeer as Doc, and Georgia Ellis as Kitty. George Walsh speaking. Join us again next week for another specially transcribed story on gun smoke. This is the United States Armed Forces Radio and Television Service.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebrakes.com coming at you with 2020-2021 Panini Noir Basketball 4 Box Pick Your Team Number 3 from jaspyscasebrakes.com. A very big thanks to all of these folks right here in Pick Your Team 3. Now we did do some R&B, some random number block randomizers for those groups of teams right there and here were the results. The randomizer video was done in a separate video so number block rate applies only to those teams for that break right there, let's keep that over here, and here's one that's just two teams, just two big teams, Charlotte and Sacramento. And there's a fresh case noir right there, no you're good George, I think Jeremy was just joking around. Not everyone understands the sense of humor, so-called, gotta watch out Jeremy, a lot of new people here, they might take you seriously, don't feel bad George, he's just kidding. Alright, it's good to ask though, that way everything is as clear as possible, you guys are spending your hard earned money to get into these breaks, and there's a lot of layers sometimes to get into other breaks, people need to know why one's more advantageous than the other and whatnot, so it's all good. Alright, now let's move on to pick your team three, let's see what we got, we got a redemption on the bottom, and we'll use this blank card right here to hide the hits, there's Lamarcus Aldridge, 52 out of 99, that'll be for Spurs, the Spurs, so Spurs two, we go by that digit right there when we go by the numbers, Spurs two, Nathan with that one, we got a Blake Griffin three out of five, out of fives and under, get the train whistle, Jeremy Nance, picked up the Clippers straight up, no I'm sorry Pistons, I flashed back to like ten years ago, Roy with the Pistons, my bad, Roy out of fives and under, get the train whistle, all aboard the Big Hit Express, it's been a long day folks, we got just some sneakers, no ink but a sneaker spotlight, Chris Weber, nice 98 out of 99, so Kings are a number block, so that goes to Kings eight, that's a cool looking card for Matthew Shearer, we got Joel Embiid, 25 out of 75, I think all the cards go this way, 25 out of 75, Dish Knight, memorabilia, six are gonna try to regroup here, Joe C, they're two, Joe C, this is Joe Clemence with Philadelphia, we got Newsreel jerseys, Dateline Phoenix, 69 out of 75, Chris Paul, it's gonna go to Tom and the Sons, Paul might finally bag his first chip, oh and a Nike swoosh, one out of five, Skyler Mays, Jeremy 33, Last Bot Mojo strikes again, that's silent in the chat, all aboard the Big Hit Express, whoo-hoo, next is five out of ten, Kurt Rambus, nice with the goggles and all, Kurt Rambus for my Lakers, Mark, we've got a thin card here, we've got private signings, Theo Maladon, and the next one here is Isaac Acoro, oh Oklahoma City Thunder is Chris Lombardo by the way, gets the Theo Maladon and Isaac Acoro, that is for Chris Lombardo as well, Cleveland, this is for you, everyone knows Skyler Mays, you don't you don't know who Skyler Mays is, I thought you were a basketball fan, out of LSU, with the Hawks, Parler G League team, Point Guard 64205, definitely has some upside, Rookie Patch Autographs, color, card 355, K, Killian, Mbappe, Killian Hayes, there you go, nice Killian Hayes for Detroit I want to say, yeah for Detroit, all right and that'll be for Roy and the Pistons, next up, that's a nice bat knob there, George, good time, that value is probably pretty good now with the way Chris Ryan's been hitting, Darksider is saying Otani is 30th, nice, got him on the fantasy team, got another redemption on the bottom here and we've got Lamello Ball on top 67 out of 99 and that's for Charlotte 7, that's going to be for Nathan, we got Zeke Najee 97 out of 99 for Denver, it's going to be for Josh, 4 out of 25, Kristoff Porzingis, Nate the schedules in the chat, this is break 3, there's Porzingis to 25 and the Zeke Najee is for Josh, there's Malachi Flynn 57 out of 99, that's for Toronto, that's going to be for Steve Wright, there you go, for the Cavs, Kevin Love, 6 out of 99, Cleveland this is for you, Chris with the Cavaliers, got some Magic Johnson right here, 2 out of 75, that's for Mark and the Lakers, nice, game use material right there as well, 34 out of 99, Snapshot signatures, Isaiah Ryder, Timberwolves, Timberwolves is a number block team and that goes to the 4, Minnesota 4, that is for PJ, and we've got Bill Walton 84 out of 99, Portland, Portland is a number block team and that's PJ with Portland 4, Nathan you have, oh you must be Nate Rossi right, Nate Rossi is Nate Rossi, you have the number, you have number 7 in the Charlotte Sacramento one and I think you actually got both of these, no Matthew got this, you got this, the Lamello that's 7 and then you have the other one, the Golden State, Minnesota, Nix, blah blah 1, you have number 2, I don't think anything's hit for you there, not yet anyway, we're only, we're not even halfway through this break, we got Spotlight signatures, the Iceman, George Gervin 39 out of 99, so that's Spurs 9, nice Golden, did he sign on the back, he signed on the back too, you got a Dual Auto, George Gervin, Spurs 9, that's going to be Mike Tower, there you go Mike, Mike Tower, Dual Auto, George Gervin, sneakers, Spotlight signatures, card 1, the, wow, Zion Williamson, Pelicans picked up straight up by Michael Pacifico, gets the second year Zion, that's awesome, next box, we are now officially halfway through this 4 box break, all right, we got 34 out of 99, Pascal Siakam, Steve Wright, Toronto, Isaiah Stewart, 44 out of 99, Roy in the Pistons, Kira Lewis Jr, 6 out of 25, another Pelican, and we got 52 out of 99, Gary Payton, Seattle Super Sonics, Sonics stuff of course will go to OKC, Chris Lombardo, nice William S, good, we'll get that, we'll get that on the schedule, how's that Noir looking, the next Noir, newsreel jerseys, Drew Holiday, 9 out of 75, Bucks, Mark, with Milwaukee, Anthony Edwards, 15 out of 99, your number one overall pick, that goes to Minnesota 5, it's going to be for PJ, we got Jared Jack, 33 out of 49, we got, what's this called, Showtime signatures, Showtime, woo, Brooklyn Nets are a number block team, so Brooklyn 3 will be for Aaron, 28 out of 99, put some English on it, Alex English, Denver, Joshua, Zeke Najee, three color jersey, and autographed 96 out of 99, it's for Joshua and Denver, nice RPA, and the last one down, oh Jason Tatum, reigning Nights autograph, 11 out of 25, that's for Matt Silverstein and the Cs, nice one for Boston, they're going to try to reconfigure that team there, next box, play to the whistle Logan, play to the whistle, all right, final box here and pick your team three, and pick your team four could happen tonight if we move two number block spots and then in one and then seven number block spots in the other, we can do it, let's grab that blank card to hide the hits a little bit here, we got Jalen Smith, 92 out of 99, Sons, it's going to be for Tom, Bradley Beal to 99, that'll be for the wizard, that'll be for Adrian, and we've got another Chris Weber sneaker spotlight, this one is 79 out of 99, Sacramento 9, PJ Sacramento 9, we got rookie jumbo material, 86 out of 99, Isaac Acoro, that's going to be for Chris and the Cavs, and we got Brandon Ingram, 81 out of 99, goes to Michael and the Pelicans, we got Jalen Brown for the Celtics, 21 out of 25, that's for Matt, and a redemption, oh now the redemption, all right here we go, rookie patch autographs, black and white parallel, tags, tags, is that a train whistle hit, stand by him, let me look this up, cardboardconnection.com to the set checklist, let's go to the RPA section, there it is, tags is out of five, according to cardboardconnection.com, tags is out of five, that's a train whistle, and it's going to be a Malachi, Malachi Flynn, yes, card 316, Malachi Flynn for the Toronto Raptors, that is Steve Wright who bought the Raptors straight up, and that is for Steve Wright who bought the Raptors straight up, nice Steve, all aboard the Big Hit Express, we're going to close out last few, Avery Bradley 53 out of 99, that's for Miami, Chris Lombardo, we have Freeze Frame Signatures, Kira Lewis Jr, 7 out of 49, that is, that is for Michael and the Pelcs, and the last one, fingers crossed, good luck everybody, it's going to be, ooh Sneaker, whoa, Sneaker Spotlight Signatures Dwayne Wade, 70 out of 99 for Chris Lombardo, what a great way to finish it, that's pretty sweet, congrats to you Chris, thanks everyone for getting in, we've got a chance to do another one of these tonight and keep pulling these awesome cards here, I'm Joe for jaspyscasebrakes.com, that was Noir, pick your team 3, I'll see you next time for the next break, bye bye.


I remember like when I started my own journalism career which was like 13 or 14 years ago, I completed my course and the first job I got was with Linux for you magazine. So I had like for the day one, I had been an open source journalist. Back in those days, one of the challenge was that we had to go out and educate companies that why you should use open source, what are the benefits? But now almost everybody is using open source. The question is who is not using and why not? So the new challenge that we see is that these new users of open source don't actually understand how the open source process actually works. That why you should send your developers to events or why they should contribute in their office time. So since you have been involved with it for so long and you deal with a lot of customers and clients, do you see this pattern there where companies don't understand? Yeah, I think so. I mean, let me say that I mean, I think at the start you're absolutely right, which is that one of the good things that's happened with open source is that most enterprises now have an open source first strategy and so anytime they're doing a technical evaluation, they need to also look at what options available open source. And so that level of corporate sort of top down, sort of, hey, this is an important part of business strategy and should be considered. I think it's very good. I think that businesses are very good at taking care of themselves, right? And so, I mean, that's kind of the nature of a commercial entity at some level. And so I think that people are very much like they appreciate all of the benefits of open source, right? Because open source allows you to sort of, protect yourself against the lock-in, the ability to extend the product if you need to, the ability to just solve a problem if you can't get someone else to solve it for you because it's super important to your business. And so I think that a lot of people appreciate that part of open source when they're looking at it from a commercial organization perspective. I think that people don't really understand how it works. I think that at the end of the day is, I think there's two parts to that, right? First of all, realistically, if you look at most, well, I don't know if it's the most, a large number of Apache projects that have been started in the last five years or so are developed probably, maybe 70, 80% of the development time that goes into those projects is by one or more companies that are directly benefiting from the success of those open source technologies, right? And so it's a former source paid open source or a sponsored open source, right? And so the idea that all open source is done by people who, in their free time in the garage, it's not true for a lot of these projects, those super successful projects that have been a lot of options. Not to say that it does exist, there's definitely cases where it's been very successful. And so my perspective on it is that if you think that in that context, it's not gonna be realistic that every organization is gonna be able to invest developer time directly against adding new features to open source projects, but I actually think that the sort of easier win for most organizations is that they can contribute to the quality of open source projects, right? So making sure that you are reporting back things that you see and collaborating to fix them and probably helping out to fix them sometimes is I think what would be the goal I would first say should be a goal for most enterprises using open source software is is that if you're benefiting a lot from this, find the time to help with quality. I think that realistically, most organizations unless they have a really important feature that they need are not gonna be able to contribute the amount of time that it takes to build something from scratch, but they can definitely improve the product. And that is through both providing bug reports, but also more possible trying to allow people a little bit of time to help fix things. And so it's actually a funny situation that just happened very recently is we had a customer who found an issue with our product and then it turned out that it was actually an issue with an open source library that we were working on. And so the customer actually went and passed the open source library themselves because I think that the engineer was like, hey, I see what's going on here and I think I can fix this. And so I fixed it and then we were able to incorporate it faster and give it back to them. And so that's a nice thing when it happens. We as people driving open source, you can't expect that to happen very often, but it's really nice when it does and I think just try to raise that. Right, the way I've talked to a lot of people, the way some people submit as that, if you are consuming an open source, there are two ways you can contribute. One is either through currency or through code. And as you rightly mentioned, that not a lot of companies do have developers resources that they can actually invest. So either they sponsor a project or when they work with a vendor who is either maintaining or contributing to the upstream, so they are indirectly through currency supporting that work because you are working with a vendor, that vendor is, as you gave example, that he patched, the developer patched, so you are giving feedback to that vendor and that vendor is putting all those changes to upstream. So I really don't think that if you are touching open source in any way, unless and until you are just taking the whole code, forking it, running it your own fork, then you are creating a lot of technical debt, then you will not even survive, no point in you. But I think if you're consuming open source, you are going to help open source in one way or the other, there is no escape. You will be working with a vendor who will help, so I think that's a neat thing people don't understand, but it happens to give a very good example there, yeah. I think you're right. And I think the other thing that is interesting is one of the things that Apache really focuses on is community over code, which people who are not familiar with is probably a little bit strange when they hear it, but it's the idea that the successor project is driven more by the community that's working on the project and their collaboration consensus and driving towards sort of good solutions than it is about one piece of code. And so we actually talk about in many cases, there are PMC and or committers to projects that don't write code, right? They may provide documentation, packaging, they may just help out a lot of testing. And so I think it's very important to appreciate all of those things and that's actually something to go out to people who are using open source as well, is that even if you can't sit down and be a developer that's going to write the next feature or fix this bug, that doesn't mean you can't add value to open source and help those communities out. And in many cases, those things are actually sorely missed in those communities, is that you've got developers that are happy to write code but are in less comfortable writing documentation. And so if someone else could come in and say, hey, here's a couple of quick starts or a tutorial that can help out a project a lot. Right, so if there's a company, I mean, you did give example very nice, if there's a company who's using open source and working with a vendor or something like that, and the company itself, they don't have developed their small startup, a small company, they don't have enough developer, they can just, or I mean, when they don't have developer, they cannot even become part of the community to go in there. So how can they realistically contribute even a bit? What are the options? Since you have been in the community for so long, what are the kind of opportunities for them to participate without creating it as, oh, why should we even bother with that? Or we can just pay somebody and be done with it. But how can they get involved? Well, I think going back to what I was saying is that it doesn't have to be a developer that's writing code, right? If you have a person who's using your product, like use cases is a good example. So one of the challenges that open source people have is that they want to figure out ways to test their product. And so they can come up with all sorts of unit tests and synthetic data, and I work in data a lot, right? So you're always coming up with synthetic data sets or examples of potential problems. Customers can sometimes, depending on where they are, share their use case and share details of their use case. And that can help people, so that can help the customer because it means that the open source project can incorporate that set of use cases into the test suites that are run every time someone does a release. But it also, so that helps out the users, but it also helps out the community because the product can be better. The quality of the project can improve. And so that's one example, but there are many examples of, hey, come in and tell us what you're doing. Tell us what's good with the product, what's not good. Remember that many people are volunteering on the project. One of the key things, right, is that Apache, while there are many people who are paid to work on a Apache project, the relationship to the Apache project itself is something that is a person to the, chair of organization, right? So it's that relationship that actually defines what they can do. And so while they may be being paid by someone because that person is very interested in adding certain features or functionality to an open source project, the relationship is a personal one. And so that person at the end of the day is the one who's actually making that commitment. And so if you come into a community, appreciate those people for what they're doing, where they're giving their time and when they're spending their time and what they're caring about, because open source development, while maybe in many cases paid, is still something you have to be passionate about in order to do a good job in the community. And so coming into the community and saying, hey, these are the things that I've learned. These are the things that don't work well. These are all really good things to do. Say, hey, here's some documentation. I just wrote up a little, I wrote up a short thing about how we do our use case and how we use the product to do that use case. Do a little video. All of those things are very helpful to open source and can be done by anybody that doesn't have to be done by someone itself. Right, and it doesn't cost anything. You're just sharing your, but yeah, that's a very, I was talking to somebody a few weeks ago at DockerCon and when I asked, his thing was like, the biggest challenge for us is that because they are fully open source project and they're like, I mean, we wish that our customers will just tell their story. We don't want anything else. Just come out and tell that you're using our product, how you're using it, what problem you face, how you solve them. You go ahead download from a GitHub, we don't care, but at least tell us the story. That will help a lot in mind share and in our developers to get fit. Yeah, that's excellent point.