Based on what we have heard today about the waterborne disease, the life cycle, how they circulate in the environment, and we have known that proper education, if this is your friend and your friend gives you something to eat, vegetables, you say, oh please, let me wash again, or wash it again. That is education. You are also letting your friend be aware of the fact that maybe it is not always, it may be because research has shown that even on salad research have shown that parasites were being found in it. So we don't trust, we have to, I mean, do what we apply, the knowledge we have. And in anything, when we come from, we don't know, some people that come from the toilet, we have the disinfectant there and everything, we have to disinfect our hands because we don't know whatever we touch, we don't know whatever we carry.


In response to a photo showing a woman taping a cabbage leaf onto her knee to help with her osteoarthritis, doctors wrote in asserting that cabbage leaves can help inflammation of any body part. You may even find that there's a cache of cabbage in the fridge of your local maternity unit. Why? Well, not only is cabbage cheaper than gel packs, but knees are not the only anatomical shapes that the leaves can form well to. Breast engorgement, when the breasts become overfilled with milk during breastfeeding, becoming hard, tight, and painful, can negatively impact both mother and infant alike. So why not put cabbage leaves on them? A lactation consultant in a breastfeeding journal suggests wearing cabbage leaves. Evidently, it works like a charm, and once the swelling goes down, frequent breastfeeding should help them from refilling up too much. Where did she even get the idea for this? Well, her son got in a car accident, she wrapped his leg in cabbage, and the rest is history. The only adverse side effect identified was a complaint from the son who felt like a vegetable. Based on the information she collected, she concluded that cool green cabbage compresses have anti-inflammatory, anti-edema, anti-swelling, and anti-infectious properties, but you don't really know until you put it to the test. Yeah, but who's got to do a randomized controlled study of cabbage leaves? Scientists, that's who. Do cabbage leaves prevent breast engorgement? Let's find out. 120 women are randomized to apply cabbage leaves to their breasts or not, and though the cabbage group tended to report less breast engorgement, the trend was not statistically significant, though one of the big things you care about is premature weaning, and the cabbage group did seem to be able to extend the time they were exclusively breastfeeding. So while they couldn't rule out the possibility that cabbage leaves had a direct effect on breast engorgement that may have contributed to the increased breastfeeding success in the experimental group, they consider the positive effect to be more likely due to psychological mechanisms. In other words, the placebo effect. They did weed out some of the true believers, though, as some women refused to join the study out of fury they might end up in the control group and not be able to use them. A similar study, performed recently, found that while adding cabbage leaves to early breast care didn't significantly reduce pain, it did seem to significantly reduce breast hardness. Since it probably can't hurt, some women might want to just give it a try. But it would be nice to get some more concrete answers. Like how about a treatment trial instead of just prevention? You could try hot cabbage leaves versus cold cabbage leaves. To control for the placebo effect, you could use placebo cabbage, like iceberg lettuce leaves or something. In fact, since both breasts are affected, women could act as their own controls, cabbage on one breast and turning over a new leaf on the other. How about a comparison of chilled cabbage leaves versus chilled gel packs, just cold alone? Decreases blood flow, might therefore decrease engorgement. On the other hand, maybe cabbage leaves contain some component that the mother's skin absorbs that somehow helps. You don't know until you put it to the test. 34 lactating women with breast engorgement. One breast got the cabbage, one breast got the gel pack. Their pain levels were established before and after, and there was no difference. They both appeared to work about just as well, with two-thirds reporting relief within hours, either way. Though interestingly, the majority of mothers preferred the cabbage leaves. The similarity in the effect may have been caused by the fact that both applied cold, although you'd think the effects of the cold of the cabbage leaves would have been transitory. So hey, maybe there is something special in cabbage leaves after all. What you'd have to do is like a comparison of chilled versus room temperature cabbage. Okay, here you go. One breast gets the chilled cabbage leaf, and the other gets a room temperature cabbage leaf, and there was no difference between the two. They both seemed to work, suggesting that it's not the cold itself that's doing it, but we still don't know what the role of the placebo effect is playing. If you were going to design a study to determine if there was some special compound in cabbage that could decrease breast engorgement, what would you do? I mean, you could try the iceberg lettuce, but you know, if women heard about the cabbage effect, they might have an expectation bias in favor of the cabbage. Ah-ha! How about using a cabbage leaf extract? Then you can finally do a double-blind experiment where women don't know which breasts are exposed to the cabbage by asking them to rub on a cream containing a cabbage leaf extract versus a placebo cream. They added rose water to both creams to try to camouflage any residual cabbage odor, and no difference in relief. Now the decrease in discomfort produced by the cream was not as strong as that produced by the real cabbage leaves in the previous studies. The superiority of the whole leaves might be explained by a failure of the extract to contain the potentially active chemical, or maybe the chemical broke down, or maybe it wasn't concentrated enough, or maybe there was just a powerful placebo effect of wearing cabbage leaves. The bottom line is that even though no active pharmacological substances in cabbage leaves have been identified, the convenient shape of cabbage leaves their low cost, wide availability, and purported soothing effect make it a sought-after treatment.


Hello and welcome, Linda here again. Thanks so much for tuning in. Thanks so much for watching this week's live session. If you're listening to this as a podcast episode, thanks so much for the download. We always turn our live sessions into podcast episodes. So if you're into podcasts, check that out. You can find us at on any podcast platform really. And you can just search for ITTT, Tefal and TESOL podcast. So yeah, thanks so much for joining. If you're watching live, we are live on Facebook and we're live on YouTube, as always. So thanks so much for tuning in. Hello. Hey. I see there are a lot of people joining. Hello. Hi guys. Awesome. So I guess you can see me. You can hear me. This is great because what we're gonna do today is I am going to show you what it looks like when you take an online Tefal course with ITTT. So just making sure everything works properly because I need to share my screen and show you how the online platform works. Now, if you are already certified, if you have already taken a course with us, that's okay too. You can keep watching because there will be a really great tip at the end, how you can add your credentials to LinkedIn and also as always, we have a 30% off discount code right here that you can scan at any time. Or I am also going to share the 30% off link into the comment box. Let me just do that right now. So we are all set. Let me see. Here we go. Okay. So with this link, you can get a 30% discount off any Teflur TESOL course. I pasted the link right now into the comment section. You should see it. It looks like this. If you are not able to scan this QR code, you could do the link. So yeah. Hi guys. Hello Tiana. Hello Ferrawanti. Great. Thanks so much for tuning in. Oh, we have two people from Arizona. Awesome. That's great. Cool. So thanks so much for tuning in. Like I said, yeah. Today what we're gonna do, here we go. A live look into the Teflur TESOL online course platform at ITTT. So what it looks like when you sign up for an online course and how the platform looks like, how it works because we get a lot of students who have never taken an online course before. And so I thought I would take this opportunity and show you guys what it looks like. Again, if you've already taken a course with us, that's fine. You can keep watching. There'll be some great other tips at the end. And also there's always a Q&A section after this. So you can ask any questions about ITTT, Teflur TESOL teaching abroad, anything like that that you might have. You can ask that as well. Hello, Carlos. Hi. Thank you guys for joining. Thanks so much. That's so sweet, Luciana. Hello, dear. Let's start the best life. Yeah, I hope it's gonna be the best one ever. Let's see. Yeah. We go live every week, twice a week typically. For me, I go live on Fridays or Thursdays, depending on where you're tuning in from. So for me, it is actually Friday morning. I live in South Korea. So it's Friday, 10 a.m. where I am. And my colleague, Lisa, she goes typically live on Tuesdays and she is from Russia and based in Russia. She is, she offers a lot of great information for non-native English speakers who wanna go into teaching. She's taught abroad in China and she's doing a lot of online teaching as well. So if that's something that interests you, check her out. And that's why I recommend to like and subscribe.  Okay, awesome. Let me check. Oh, a lot of people. Hi. Hi guys, hi, Juliana. Hi, Augustine. Thanks so much. Yeah, so there is a question about the 30% off. Yeah, so you can either scan this QR code here with your phone or if you can't do that, you can simply click on the link that I just posted into the comment box. So you can scroll the comment box a little bit and you can see this link right here and you just click on the link. It leads you straight to the application form. You fill out the application form you put in your name, which course you wanna take, et cetera, et cetera. And then you hit, I think it's like submit application or apply, there's like a button at the end of the form. And then you can see the discounted price on the next page and you'll see all the payment information as well. So yeah, that's how it works. If it doesn't work, let me know. You can just fill out a test application as well. You can just fill out the application and then if you don't complete the payment, there's no risk for you. So you can just fill out an application to see if it works, how it works. That's no problem at all. All right, then we have people from Morocco, hi, and Chile. That's so exciting, we're a good group today. Awesome, thanks so much for joining. I hope today's session is gonna be helpful for you. Like I said, even if you are already certified, even if you have already taken a course, that is no problem. You can still join today's session. There'll be some useful info at the end for people who are already certified. So stay tuned. There'll be a really great tip how you can showcase your ITTT certificate on your LinkedIn profile. So I'm gonna mention that at the end, so keep watching. If you don't have time to watch the whole live session today, I think it's gonna be about maybe 45 minutes. Then you can always watch the replay. All of our live videos, they remain on our Facebook page and they remain on our YouTube channel. We have playlists there, you can check that out. Also our previous live sessions. Yeah, so I think we are ready to jump in. Yeah, so live look into our Teflon TESOL course platform and maybe for people who are watching me for the first time, I just like to introduce myself very quick. My name is Linda. I am the marketing and affiliation manager at ITTT and a Tefl expert. I've been in the field for a little over six years now. I have taught English in China and in South Korea and I've been in South Korea permanently since 2015. So yeah, that's about myself. I also run a travel blog platform for teaching English in Asia or just traveling in Asia at Lindegos East here. You can check that out. Also an Instagram. I love sharing pictures of my travels and of my life in Korea.  That is my website. And you can also contact me personally via DM on Instagram or email from my blog website. So then, yeah. Alrighty, good. Then I'm gonna share my screen with you right now so you can see the course platform.  So you get your course, login details, your, what is it called, the login username and the password. So you punch that in and then you will see this page basically. So that's where we're starting off. And as an example, I have taken the 120 hour course right here. This is our most popular course option. And that's what that looks like. So let me walk you guys through this. Maybe some of you are familiar with this page and the platform. That is great. You can also leave your comments. But yeah, so the first thing that we're gonna see is that it says here in upper right hand corner, you have one day or days left. So typically when you are new and you just log into your course for the first time, it would say you have 180 days left. But because this is sort of a trial version that I'm using here just to show you guys, it says one day, but for anyone who is logging in for the first time, it will say 180 days. So that is six months. You have six months to complete this course. Let me see. Okay. All right, let's keep this on there too so that people who are joining, they know what's going on. Yeah, so this is what you will see after you log into your course platform. For example, the 120 hour course right here. And yeah, typically you have 180 days. That's where you start. And that's about six months, as I said, but most people complete the course much faster. It always depends on how much time you have. Are you working full time? Are you working part time? How many hours a day do you have? Or how many hours a week? So typically you would, most people complete the course within two or three months, but if you don't have as much time, you have up to six months to complete it. And if you have a lot of time, you can even complete it much faster than that and get certified really, really quickly. However, we do recommend taking your time, really reading through the units, but I'm gonna talk about more about that in just a minute, but obviously rushing through is not an approach that we typically recommend, but it is possible. So yeah, just looking at this homepage now. So there's just a lot of information. Welcome to your online TEFL course, et cetera, et cetera. And then the menu items are explained. So this homepage, if you're logging in for the first time, this is what you wanna read through first. So basically home, this is here, and this is where we are right now. So this is home. So whenever you are on a different page and you just wanna return to home, you click on home. Yeah, the next one, units, obviously, here you'll be able to access the course units. And I'm gonna show you that also in a minute so you can see how it works, but yeah, this is where you access your units. Then next we have tests. So there's a test after every unit. You work through the unit material, and then there'll be a short test where we test your understanding of the course material. And those, this test, yeah, the results are immediately and automatically available. So the test is automatically marked and then graded with a percentage score. So at the end, you will have a percentage score for every individual unit, and we take the average and that will be your passing grade for the entire course. Okay, results, that's the next tab up here. Up here, so the results, oops, the results page, here you can access a continuous progress check. So if you've already finished a couple of units, you can go back and just check how you did on the previous units. And successful completion of the whole course requires at least a 75% average pass grade. So, yeah, like I said, we take the average of all of the individual unit assessments, and that will be your final passing grade, and that one needs to be at least 75% to pass the course and receive your certificate. Okay, then the next tab we have to cover here is instructions, and that's the one that we're gonna go to next, actually. So here you'll find details of how the course is structured and how best to complete it. So this would be the second page that you go to after you log in for the first time, okay? We strongly recommend that you read these instructions carefully before you begin, and that's where we're gonna go after this page. Then we also have a tab that says videos. This course includes videos for units 10. There's two interesting videos that you can use. Watch. I'm gonna show you that too, how that works. And then of course, there is a contact button. If at any time during the course, you have some issues or course-related questions, you can contact us or if you have technical problems, you can also contact us at any time. Okay, all right, let me see if, okay, there's a question right here. So Tiana asks Linda, do you think I should start out just taking a 120-hour course or the 220-hour master package? Okay, that's a great question. So it all depends on what your goals are and also where you want to teach. So we always, basically the 120-hour course is nowadays basically the international standard. Most schools, employers require a minimum of 100 hours or 120 hours. So this is the minimum certificate that you wanna get. Now the 220-hour master package basically includes the 120 hours plus two specialization courses. So that is teaching business English and teaching English to young learners. So for example, if you, and that's actually what I did too, I took the master package course because I was already teaching in China and I was teaching children and I knew I wanted to go to Korea where you also predominantly teach children. So I took the young learners course and also business English because like I said, the 120-hour course is basically the standard nowadays. So most people who are TEFL certified have the 120-hour course. Most teachers who go abroad. So if you have the 220-hour, you kind of stand out of the crowd a little bit because you have more training and you have those two specializations. So I think especially because I know you wanna go to Korea, I think the 220-hour master package is definitely a great choice for you. So yeah, I'd recommend that. Okay, all right. So now we had a look at the home page. So now we're gonna go to instructions right here. Okay. And the instructions page, as you can see is basically a big FAQ section. So there is a lot of questions answered that you might have about your course, 29 different questions and it starts out with how do I get started on my course, why are some of the units black and others gray, et cetera, et cetera. So this will be the first page that you wanna check out and read through most of the questions so that you know how to make the most out of your course experience with ITTT. Obviously, if you have a question, if something's not clear throughout your course, you can always come back to this FAQ section and there might be the answer that you're looking for. If not, you go to contact and you just contact us. So no problem there. So yeah, this would be the second page that you go to, looks like this. And then once you've read through all of this stuff, you will be ready to start your units. So very exciting. So this is the 120 hour course that has 20 units. It's gonna take a minute. And what you have to do is work through them in order. So you can see the introductory unit here and then the unit one, they are sort of dark gray and they are available. It says read it online. Read it online or download it. So you always have those two options. And then as you can see, unit two, unit three, all of the other units are light gray. So that means they are still locked and not available to you because you need to finish the introductory unit and you need to finish unit one and especially the unit one test, which then unlocks unit two. So that means you cannot just do the units randomly. You need to do them in order because that's how the course is structured. Every unit builds on the previous unit basically. All right. And you have the option always of reading it online. And I'm gonna show you that in just a minute as well or downloading it as a PDF. So you can either study it completely online or you download the PDF and you can also print it out the material, which I think is, you know, it depends on your learning style. I find that really helpful if I have the paper in front of me and I can make notes and stuff like that or highlight something or you could also, there are a lot of like PDF programs and tools out there that allow you to edit the PDF. So you could still do it on your computer if you have a tool like that and you know, highlight parts and make comments and notes and add that to your PDF file or you just read it online and you take notes on a paper. So whatever you wanna do, however you learn or study the best, that's what you will do. So if we take a look at the introductory unit and there's no test after the day. Okay. Here we are. I thought we have some technical difficulties again. Can you see me? Am I frozen again? Am I here? Sorry guys, if you can still hear me. Okay, it's frozen. All right, let me try and fix that. I'm sorry. Okay, I think I'm back. I'm so sorry. I don't know what's happening. This happened last time too. I don't know what's going on. It's annoying. It's stressing me out, but okay. I think I'm back. Let me add this again. All right, I hope I'm back. I hope you can see me. I hope you can see the course platform. Okay. Thank you, Tiana. All right, sorry about that. So this is the introductory unit and there is no test after the introductory unit. So the introductory unit is basically, again, just going through, welcome back. Thanks. The course aims, the content. So again, this is just how the course works and things like that. So that's the introductory unit. And this is what it looks like when you read it online. You can also go full screen. You can zoom in. So you can find things. Okay. You can zoom in, you can zoom out. All right. Cool. So this is what it looks like when you read it online. But as I said, you can also download the PDF and go from there. Okay. Then let me show you. So now we finished the introductory unit. Let's pretend we read everything. And then next up, unit one, teachers and learners. All right. So again, we click read it online and that looks like same kind of spiel. So what makes a good teacher, et cetera, et cetera, the roles of the teacher, learners, different kinds of learners. So that is unit one. And we work through all of this. And then at the end of every unit, you'll see a task sheet. Okay. So the task sheet is basically an opportunity to check your knowledge before attempting the unit test. So these questions, you will answer them, work through them, think about them. And then if you get those right, if you're confident in answering the task sheet questions, you can then move on to the actual unit test. And I'm also gonna show you that in a minute. Okay. Good. Then when you are confident and you feel ready for the first test, you would go to test. And yeah, important to know about this test page that, so I'm just gonna click whatever answer randomly. If you obviously close this page or refresh the page, your answers will be gone if you don't submit them. So you have to do the test completely in one sort of go or the answers cannot be saved. So I'm just gonna go random here, just whatever, just to show you random answers. Oh my gosh. Yeah, how many questions? Okay, let's see. 21, 21. Almost done. Sorry, I don't have a mouse. It takes me longer. Okay. Random answers like this. Okay. And then there's always a unit reflection at the end where you basically have to write a brief overview of the content of this unit and what you feel that you have learned. And it needs to be a minimum of 100 words. So we're just gonna write in this unit, I learned the roles of the teacher and the students, what I thought was most interesting was that blah, blah, blah, blah, blah. I think it's not gonna be 100 words yet. So I'm just gonna hit copy right now. I hope I can submit it like this. I don't know. Obviously don't do that, we check the answers. So yeah. And yeah, repetition for previous units, reflections will not be accepted. So you need to write unique short little 100 word unit reflections, right? So I'm gonna hit submit now. Let's see. Oh, it's not a minimum of 100 words. Okay, let me see. Looks like words because I did copy paste. Oh no. All right, let's see. Okay, there we go. We did it. So please wait, now they're gonna assess our answers. And I think we probably didn't pass because I just punched in random answers. So you can see your answers. That's the great thing I think about this because you can really reflect on your answers and you see what you had wrong. So your answer is incorrect. Your answer was number two, but the correct answer is number four. And so you can learn from that. You can learn from your mistakes and take that to the next unit. So yeah, we have, do we have anything right? Oh no, we didn't even get a single, oh, one here. Okay, great. Oh, another one, okay. Because I wanna show you what it looks like the results. Okay, so assignment score, you see that at the end here. Your score, 10%, so that would be really bad, obviously. Overall score so far because this is unit one, it's still 10%. So here, this is unit one, your result 10. And then if we do unit two, you would see this, this, this, this up until your average. And this is the important one. So your average needs to be at least 75%. If it's not 75%, you will not pass. But yeah, just consider like, I just punched in random answers. So obviously we did really badly. But typically, the questions are pretty straightforward and you will, when you read through your unit material and you absorb it, you will know what the correct answer is. So it's typically in this range, obviously, between 90, 100, yeah. Okay, great. And then we can go to results, which I think shows us a pretty similar sort of graphic. It's gonna take a minute. Okay, so result list. So that's basically takes you to the same thing, I think. So unit one, you can check your results here, et cetera, et cetera. Yeah, oh, okay. Just takes you to the same page, got it. Okay. All right. Then what else am I gonna show you the videos? And before we're gonna look at that, Tiana has a question. So if you fail the whole course, do you have to pay for it again? No.  There is a small fee that you have to pay, but it's not full price. I'm not sure exactly how much it is. That's what my, the sales department and the course administrators take care of because it really doesn't happen that often. Typically we have a really high passing rate, so it's very rare. So I wouldn't worry too much about that, but it is possible and you wouldn't have to pay full price either. But don't worry, it really, it's very rare. Okay, so then this is the video section. So for unit 10, there are two videos to watch and you can even download those videos, which is super useful. We have the Dropbox or you can watch it directly in here and also Vimeo. So some people, we have a lot of actually course takers in countries like China, for example, and in the past, because we had the videos on YouTube, they had problems watching them because you cannot access YouTube in China. So we are using a lot of different options so that people from everywhere in the world in all of the countries can access it. So don't worry about that. That is no longer an issue. Yeah, okay. I think that's about it. Let's take a look one more time at the units and I'm gonna show you sort of the units, what the units are all about. So there are 20 units in this course and typically they are a mix between sort of like teaching related theoretical things. So like teachers and learners, theories, methods and techniques, managing classes, teaching new language, lesson planning, very important. Then these are the video lessons, teaching receptive skills, productive skills, pronunciation, phonology, et cetera, et cetera. And you will also notice that pretty much every other unit is a grammar unit. So we have parts of speech, present tenses, past tenses, future tenses, or even more complex things like conditionals and reported speech, modals, phrasal verbs, passive voice. So that's how we structure our course. It's basically a mix between teaching related, teaching skills and methodologies and things like that and grammar because obviously as an English teacher, you need to fully understand English grammar. And so those grammar units don't only cover like the grammar, but also basically the issues that most English learners have with this specific grammar topic and how you as a teacher can help them in learning it effectively, how you can teach them in an effective way because a lot of times, especially as native English speakers, we don't really think about grammar too much because we just talk, we just say it, how we say it. But we don't realize, oh, what kind of word is this or what kind of tense is this? And we don't know because we never learned English. What English learners struggle with? And I think that's my favorite part actually about the course because the grammar units really laid out to you and show you what it is that English learners struggle with and how you as a teacher can deal with that and teach them effectively. So yeah. Good. And then also in other units, especially, you know, the one with the grammar, grammar topics and also the lesson planning unit, there will be a lot of material included in your unit material that you can download like worksheets or for lesson planning like a bear, a plane, an empty lesson plan that you can then use in your future classes or, you know, future tenses like some worksheets that you can adapt to your students. So there's a lot of material. You actually at the end of the course, you will have a huge folder of materials that you can then use in your future classes. So that's also really great. So there's a lot you can take away from a course like this. Okay, that would be it basically. So from we did unit one, so the next thing you would do is go to unit two and you would work through that. And yeah, so that's basically how it works. Let me make myself bigger again. And let me see if you have any questions about this particular platform, how it works. If not, we can maybe move on. But yeah, that's how it works. That's what it looks like. It's pretty simple, straightforward. There's really nothing that could go wrong, you know. So that's why we like to just keep it really simple so that it's not too hard to work through. All right. Okay, let me just do this if it works though. Okay, hold on. And then I'm gonna answer you guys's questions. So I guess now we can do a Q and A. Great, because Tiana already has a question that's not related to the course platform. So I'm just gonna take this question. So in Korea, do we teach other subjects or just English? So this is going to depend on basically what kind of school you work for. If you go through the Epic program, you will be teaching English only typically. You are the English teacher in that school and you're only there for English. In my case, I taught at a private kindergarten and elementary school. So, and it was like an American sort of style like curriculum. So I had my fixed kindergarten class that I taught every day.  We also had like math, art, so different things. But I taught all of them just like in kindergarten back home basically. So yeah, that's what I did. So not only English, but everything was in English because it was an English speaking kindergarten. So it's going to depend on what kind of school you work for, but typically for Epic, you're only doing English. And if you work maybe for a private school like I did, then you're gonna have some other responsibilities as well. But they would tell you that before hand, like in the job description, it would say that or during the interview, stuff like that. Okay, great. Marcia, is there a limit time to answer the tests? No, no, actually not. There's no timer or anything, so you can take your time. So no. But obviously you don't want to take too much time because then depending on how the internet works, how the browser works. So if you get up and go do something else for two hours, maybe the page would then, you would have to reload it and all your answers would be gone. But I guess you could, if you don't want to do it like in one whole thing, you could write down the answers like on a piece of paper. And then if the page just refreshes because it's been too long, you could put them in like what you wrote down. Am I making sense? Yeah, okay. I hope I'm making sense. But yeah, there's no time limit. You can take your time with it. It's not like, oh, you need to do this in 10 minutes. No, no, no. Take your time with it because that's also what we want. We don't want people to rush through this. That's very important to us. Okay, great. So yeah, now we can do a Q&A section or session where you can ask me anything related to the course and I'll be able to answer them here. And then in a little bit, I'm also gonna show you how you can add your certificate to LinkedIn, to your LinkedIn profile once you have your certificate. Okay, another question from Tiana. So for the 220 hour master package, does it have more units than the 20 for this one? Yes. So this would be the same. You first take this course just like that, 20 units and then you get another log in for the other two courses. So it's not one 220 hour platform. You actually will have three separate ones. So first you complete the 120 hour course then when you're done with that, you can choose which of the 50 hour courses you wanna do next and then you can do that. So yeah. And they I think have 10 units, I believe. It says it on the website when you go and you punch in like specialized TEFL course or CTEYL, C-T-B-E, you can put that in a search bar. You can find the page for that and then you'll see the units listed there and I'm pretty sure it's 10, yeah. So you'd have 20, sorry, 40, 40, 20 plus 20, yeah. 40 units to work through. Yeah, that's not too bad. That's good. And you can take your time. Don't rush it. Okay, great. Okay, any other questions? Or maybe I'll show you how the LinkedIn thing works real quick, it's super easy, super simple but just such a great way to add your certificate to your profile because if you've watched some of my previous lives last week and I think two weeks before that about teaching English especially in Europe and I mentioned the different countries and great platforms or online job boards and forums and LinkedIn is really great actually. Also for Asia, a lot of teaching jobs also get posted on LinkedIn actually. So you wanna have your certificates listed there. So let me just show you that real quick and how that works. So let's remove this. Oh my God, I have to share so many different screens today but I hope we don't freeze again but I think we're good now. So you need to be logged in to LinkedIn to do this. So if you wanna follow me right now you can go ahead and just log in or it's really simple and you can do this later as well but basically you can just and I'm gonna share a link and it's gonna be like a huge weird kind of link. It kinda looks like this. So if you click on that and again you need to be logged into LinkedIn to do this and I'm gonna show you on my profile so you can all sort of follow along. Okay and I'm gonna make that bigger. So this is my LinkedIn and so if you click on this link that I just shared this huge like linked in link if you click on that or actually, okay. So I'm just gonna pretend I'm clicking on that and I hope you can see it. Yeah, this will show up and then it's already sort of half pre-filled. So our organization here and then Teflor T-cell certificate and what you can do is like you could add 120-hour Teflor T-cell certificate. You can kind of customize depending on which course you took. So we're just gonna go with this and then you can add like when you took it and you also wanna make sure you take this. This credential does not expire. It does not expire and if we graduated this month, we would choose April. Oh and that is it. You could also enter like your ID, quite the credential ID because every certificate has like a personalized number. You can add that in as well. You don't have to though and then you can just hit save and it would save it. So let's take a look. So now I probably have two listed because I've, yeah, okay. So this would be the same. Oh and actually completed mine in April as well. April 2015, yeah. So then it is listed here on your profile. Isn't that cool? And then people can click on this like, oh, what's that? And they can see, oh, ITTT and what is ITTT? And you can also see like our updates right here. And so that's really cool that you can add it and it's so easy to do. And so yeah, if you are already certified, I highly recommend you do that. It's super easy and I'm just gonna get rid of this because I already have mine right here. So yeah, that's how that works. So with this link, you can just super easily do that and automatically it will show up on your LinkedIn profile. I think that's really cool. So if you're certified, go ahead and do that. That's a really great way to showcase your certificate on LinkedIn so that people know that you are an ITTT certified teacher. Okay. Good. Then let's get this back. If you have any questions about the LinkedIn thing, let me know, but this is just a really great way to, like I said, showcase your certificate on LinkedIn to find jobs. So that's really good. Then Joey had a question. Do we need to upload assignments such as papers? Oh, I forgot to mention that. Thank you so much. So the final tests, it used to be a lesson planning task. So maybe if you took a course, so when I took a course, I had to do a lesson plan at the end, but that changed now. So it's actually a summative task. You can choose between like 20 different topics, teaching related topics, and then you have to write an essay about that, but also on the computer. So you don't have to upload any handwritten assignments or anything. That's the only like longer essay paper that you have to do. That's the final lesson plan, final summative task.  Good. Thanks so much. I totally forgot that. Juliana says, I've already added my certificate on LinkedIn. Yay, awesome. Great. Yeah. I hope, you know, some people they just forget about it and just make sure you have, you know, the company, the right, so that it shows like the ITTT logo. You can double check if you have that on your LinkedIn profile. If you use the link that I just shared, this one, it will be like prefilled already. So all you need to do is just add your either, you know, which kind of certificate it was, 120 hour, 220 hour, 250 hour, whatever. And you're the date when you completed it. And that's it. The company would be already prefilled. So this one is just really easy for people who have not done that yet or just to make sure that you have done it correctly so that people can also find ITTT and verify, oh, it is really from ITTT. Okay. Tiana says, woohoo, yeah, woohoo. Oh, yeah. Cool. I hope you guys learned something cool today. I really hope you did. I feel like I forgot something. I always feel like I forgot something. I hope I didn't. If I did, I'm gonna mention it next time. But yeah, especially Joey's reminder about the assignments at the papers, that was really great. I totally forgot that. So thanks for reminding me. That was great. Yeah. Then we did the LinkedIn thing, which is really helpful. And please don't forget the 30% off, off of any Teflur TESOL course, so you can get ready. I'm just gonna share that link again so you can either here scan this QR code or if you cannot scan it, oh. If you cannot scan, you can just use this link and you can get 30% off any Teflur TESOL course with ITTT. So please do that. It's a great deal. And now is really great time to get started with this so that you are ready. And I did a live about that, why it now is a great time to take a Teflur course. So if you're hesitant, go back and watch that. Now is really great time to take a course because once all of this is over, you will be ready to rock and roll, really. Okay, Joey. Joey says, so the final requirement is a summative task, which is essentially writing an essay in a chosen topic. Yes, on a chosen topic. Yes, exactly. A teaching related topic. Yep, that is true. There's also minimum words, minimum amount of words, but I can't remember now, but it's a pretty decent sized essay. It's not too long. It's not like pages and pages and pages. So don't worry about that. It's not too like academic. It's definitely doable. Yeah, cool. Oh, thank you, Juliana. See, I forgot. That's why I have my little helpers here, like Juliana and Joey and Tiana. Thank you so much. So it's between 500 and 1,000 words. Great, thanks. Because when I took the course, I didn't have to write a summative task, so I don't know, but I've seen plenty of them and what other people write about. And we've shared some of them actually on our blog. You can check that out. But yeah. Awesome, guys. Well, I think it's almost time to sign off now. If you have another question, now is your time to ask or you just come back next week. And I'll be here again to answer your questions. And yeah, 30% off. Don't miss that. Don't miss that. And yeah, rewatch if you tuned in too late. Don't miss that. Good, good question. So Joey asked, is the essay written in an online portal or on our own in MS Word? So there will be a field where you need to enter the text, but what we recommend is just, yeah, write it on your own MS Word or Google Docs first. And then when you're done, you copy and paste it into the online portal. Because again, if there's any technical issue and you're writing it in the online portal and then suddenly there's no internet or power cut or God knows what, it will all be gone. So we recommend writing it in Word or Google Docs first and then just copy and paste it into this online portal just to be sure on the safe side. All right, cool. Awesome. Thanks so much to guys for watching and sticking with me today. I know a lot of you, like Juliana already took the course, but still you're here and watching. I really appreciate it. Thank you so, so much. And yeah, everybody else or anybody else who's watching and who hasn't taken a course yet, go for it, go for it, especially with this 30% off and now with our current situation. Now is a great time to, you know, get that certification under your belt so that you are ready and yeah, you're ready for your adventure when we can all travel again, basically. Joey says, does this include our sources cited to the words, you mean 500 words? I think probably doesn't include that. So the sources, you have to include sources. Yes, you have to. Yeah, you can also refer back, you know, to some of the sources we use in our material. You can take some of that into your summative task as inspiration. Awesome, guys. Good, I think we're almost at the end now. So thanks so much for sticking with me this whole time. I really, really appreciate it and I've done a lot of lives before every week. So you can go back and check our playlists out on YouTube, our live playlist or on Facebook. We have a playlist called Live Events. Check that out if you're interested. Check out my coworker, Lisa, who's live every Tuesday. Like I said, she's a non-native English speaker and she has a lot of great live sessions, also a lot about creating teaching materials, especially also for online, because we all teach online now. Even I started teaching online in this situation. So I learned a lot from her. She's really, really great and please do check her out. And please, please don't forget to like and subscribe so you don't miss any of our future live sessions. Check that out. And please take advantage of the 30% off link if you're considering a course. Yeah, and then I think I'm gonna sign off. Thanks so much for asking all your questions. I hope you were able to take something away from today's session. If you have a question after this live ends, you can still leave it in the comments and we will get back to you. You can also email us at any time and let me share that email address just in case and then you can email us about any course questions you have, no problem. You can also reach out to me on social media at LyndaGhost East, feel free to do that at any time. And I'm just gonna look for the right email address right now and share that also into the comment box. Right here. Oh, thank you so much. So informative. Thank you so much. Thanks. So this is the email address. You can email us if you have any course questions. If you're interested in taking a course but you're not sure which one, just email us. We're so happy to talk with you and figure out the best course option for your goals and for you specifically. So please, please reach out to us. And yeah, thanks so much again for watching and then I'm just gonna sign off now and I hope to see you all again next time, okay? Next week, same time, same place. I'll be here, I hope you too. Bye guys, have a wonderful day and have a wonderful weekend ahead, okay? Thank you and bye-bye.


Hello and welcome to the session. My name is Mansi and I am going to help you with the following question. The question says integrate the following function that is x sin inverse x. So let us start with the solution to this question. Now we have to find i that is integral x sin inverse x dx. Now we see that sin inverse x becomes the first function and x will be the second function according to the i-late rule because inverse function is given preference over the algebraic function. So we see that i will be equal to integration this and by applying integration bypass as we have seen in the earlier questions we get sin inverse x into integral x dx minus integral d by dx of sin inverse x integral of x dx this will be equal to sin inverse x into x square by 2 because integral x dx is x square by 2 minus integral now d by dx of sin inverse x is 1 upon under the root 1 minus x square into x square by 2 we get from integral x dx. Now this is equal to x square by 2 sin inverse x minus 1 by 2 integral x square by under the root 1 minus x square dx. Now we call this as i1. So we have x square by 2 sin inverse x minus 1 by 2 i1. So now we have to find i1 where i1 is integral x square by under the root 1 minus x square dx. Now what we do is we put x equal to sin theta if x equals to sin theta then dx will be equal to cos theta d theta therefore i1 will be equal to integral x square that is sin square theta divided by under the root 1 minus sin square theta into cos theta d theta this is equal to integral sin square theta by cos theta into cos theta d theta because square root of 1 minus sin square theta is cos theta cos theta gets cancelled with cos theta and we have integral sin square theta d theta. Now this can be further written as 1 by 2 integral 1 minus cos 2 theta d theta because sin square theta is equal to 1 minus cos 2 theta divided by 2 this is equal to 1 by 2 integral d theta minus 1 by 2 integral cos 2 theta d theta we have simply separated the terms that will be equal to half of theta minus half of sin theta cos theta plus some constant c1. Now let us see how do we get this from this this happens because we see that integral cos 2 theta will be equal to sin 2 theta divided by 2 plus some constant c1 now here we have integral cos 2 theta d theta now we know that sin 2 theta is same as 2 sin theta cos theta this divided by 2 plus c1 2 gets cancelled with 2 and we are left with sin theta cos theta plus c1 so we have this now we put back the value of theta from here we can see that theta is equal to sin inverse x so we can write this as 1 by 2 sin inverse x minus 1 by 2 into x into square root of 1 minus x square plus the constant c1 because sin theta is x so this implies cos theta will be equal to under the root 1 minus sin square theta that is under the root 1 minus x square therefore i becomes x square by 2 sin inverse x minus 1 by 2 into 1 by 2 sin inverse x minus 1 by 2 x into square root of 1 minus x square plus the constant c1 now let us open the brackets on doing so we get x square by 2 sin inverse x minus 1 by 4 sin inverse x plus 1 by 4 x into square root of 1 minus x square plus c1 and this can be further written as 1 by 4 sin inverse x into 2 x square minus 1 plus x into square root of 1 minus x square divided by 4 plus we call this constant say c since we see that constant is unknown so we can call it c c1 anything so our answer to this question is 1 by 4 sin inverse x into 2 x square minus 1 plus x into square root of 1 minus x square divided by 4 plus c so this is our answer to the question i hope that you understood the question and enjoyed the session have a good day


Welcome back to our meds smarter lecture series, or we're taking a smarter approach to preparing future physician Before we get started if you'll take just a quick minute and click that like button and also Subscribe and turn the bell on so that you'll be notified when we post new videos Let's talk about chlamydia now chlamydia is a Intracellular or an obligate intracellular organism that has to be inside of some sort of mucosa to be infectious Why is that well as you see here in this first point? It cannot make its own ATP so it has to Utilize the ATP of the host to be able to continue its cell cycle and replication and movement and everything associated with chlamydia chlamydia trachomatis causes neonatal and follicular adult conjunctivitis as well as non-gonococcal urethritis public inflammatory disease and reactive arthritis now there are a couple other chlamydia Organisms and they cause some different things. So let's talk about those chlamydia pneumoniae and chlamydia Csc all cause atypical pneumonia and these are transmitted by an aerosol so we can have two different types of chlamydia infections as far as how they're transmitted so a lot of times this is transmitted sexually other times it Can be transmitted through the air? Some facts about chlamydia that actually has a cell wall that lacks peptidoglycan So that means beta-lactam antibiotics will be ineffective those beta-lactam antibiotics go in and try and attack that cell wall The peptidoglycan on the cell wall destroy it, but without that peptidoglycan We can't use the beta-lactam antibiotics, so we can break down chlamydia with chlamys, which is going to be an ancient Greek term For a cloak. It's a short cloak that was worn by men in ancient Greece And so we can think of clammy's meaning cloak means it's intracellular. So chlamydia is an obligate intracellular organism Chlamydia C2C has an avian reservoir so that comes through parrots. So you remember C2C comes through parrot and It's going to cause our atypical pneumonia to be able to Diagnose chlamydia. We've got to do a lab test Specifically we can do a PCR or a nucleic acid amplification test oftentimes abbreviated in AAT and Then what we're going to see here is cytoplasmic inclusions on a Gimsa or fluorescent antibody stained smear So what we're going to see here in this picture is actually Some of those inclusion bodies. It's these brown inclusion bodies that are actually being seen here in this particular case in a McCoy cell culture so there are two forms of Chlamydia that are present and it's going to be the elementary body and the reticulate body now This is a little bit confusing. So I'm going to show you a picture here in a second So stick with me here, but these two forms the elementary body is a small dense body. That's infectious So E elementary is infectious and it E enters the cell via endocytosis Okay, these what basically is going to happen here. It's going to transform into the reticulate body So it's entering the cell as a small dense body transforms the reticulate body which then the reticulate body comes out and Replicates by cell division and reorganizes into elementary bodies So what we're seeing here is going to be a cycle where it comes here and then it comes back So back and forth back and forth. So let's look at this picture here a little bit closer What you're seeing here is we'll start here at the top This is where the elementary body enters into the target cell at that point in time It now transforms into a reticulate body and undergoes binary fission to create more reticulate bodies Which then reorganize themselves into elementary bodies So you can see they've broken down from the large ones here in the middle to these little small ones on the outside Then we continue multiplication We have a huge cell full of these elementary bodies that then release themselves and go on into other cells as the elementary bodies That transform and continue that cycle over and over and over okay So that's the two forms of chlamydia that we have in the body and how they continue their replication cycle How do we treat this a zithromycin is Going to be the first treatment and it's just going to be a single dose not a side dose This is going to be a single dose Okay, single dose of a zithromycin or we can also use doxycycline And seftraxone. Why do we add seftraxone here with doxycycline? Not because of any type of a Potential resistance, but this is because oftentimes chlamydia as we talked about earlier in a different bacteria chlamydia Oftentimes will present itself with gonorrhea So we give seftraxone and doxycycline to cover a concomitant chlamydia and gonorrhea infection If you found this material helpful for your studying, please like and consider subscribing to the channel Also share this video so that more people can benefit from it like you have


Thanks for that. Yeah, so the first, sorry, I'm Sid. I'm CEO of GitLab. Alex, you want to introduce yourself? My name is Alex Becker and I am VP of Engineering at Hacker One. We met at a Hacker One event. It was an awesome event in San Francisco on a Saturday. You guys distributed a whole lot of book bounties, hundreds of thousands of dollars. And in the margins, we were talking about an interesting thing that we're doing at GitLab. And an interesting thing Alex is doing at Hacker One. The thing you were doing, Alex, is hiring with a pitch up front. And I thought that was super interesting. We're joined in this call by Barbie. She's the chief culture officer at GitLab. We'll publish this recording and Alex had something really interesting he shared. So I'll let you, maybe you can describe what you do. Are you talking about the hiring with the pitch up front topic? Yes. Okay. So today at Hacker One, well, first and foremost, our direct managers own all aspects of hiring into their team. Obviously, there's a number of ways that they can collaborate with either other managers or other functions, such as recruiting for various support functions, but they own the recruiting process into their team. And as you know, about half of our engineering team is in Groningen, Netherlands, where the market is, the talent market is fairly small. And so it was very difficult for us to hire local candidates. And what we've done instead is we have obtained a permit to sponsor visas for people coming from all over the world. And one of the challenges we ran into as a result was overcoming all sorts of cultural biases and cultural barriers for people to agree to essentially uproot their entire life and move to a foreign country. And what we figured would work well and have shown to have worked well for the nine months or so we've been doing this is we have revamped our hiring process in addition to effectively interviewing people half a world away, starting off with pitching the opportunity by the direct manager themselves to the candidate to essentially up their level of excitement to join Hacker One so that the conversion rate from the candidates we reach out to and who agree to interview with us, that they persist through the entirety of the interview process and have a kind of strong belief that the Hacker One opportunity is the right one for them, not just in terms of joining us as a company, but also essentially turning their entire life upside down and taking what is an enormous risk. And so when I talk about cultural barriers, what I mean by that is a lot of the folks we hire tend to come from places that are much more conservative and so they don't necessarily see relocating for work or leaving their family behind as either practical or even a possibility. And so we try to overcome things like that with getting really excited about the opportunity to join Hacker One, which then ups the conversion rate for people to work through the interview process and hopefully at the end of it, if both sides see a fit that they agree to join us. That's really interesting and what is your pitch like? Do you stress the fact that it's a product company instead of consulting or that it's a fast-growing startup or do you pitch where they emigrate to, the Netherlands and what new opportunities they get or do you pitch people that have done it before and found it a good experience? How do you pitch the opportunity? That's a great question. It is a mix of all of the above. It really depends on the candidate we're talking to. Certain people we talk to have a lot of ambition across the board. People who are even willing to consider the idea of uprooting their life and moving halfway across the world tend to come with a certain level of ambition. And so we try to tap into it by talking about all the great opportunities we offer at Hacker One. The great thing about being a growing company is we do have a lot of opportunities for people to take advantage of if they were to join the company and that tends to feed into their own personal and career ambitions. So we really talk a lot about the growth of the company, what are some of the opportunities in front of us from a business standpoint, from an industry standpoint, talk about what we've been able to accomplish so far in our track record and then helping them understand how can they fit into that as well as talking about our culture which kind of touches on the other topic that I know you want to discuss, which is the tying or having a strong association between the work that engineers do and the business goals of the company. So the positive business impact and really painting a picture for them that this is an opportunity for them to come in and really have that kind of an impact. This also works well with, as an example, we hired a few engineers from places in the world, female engineers, who come from places where it's not common for engineers to speak up in meetings. For example, there's a lot of the cultural norm is directive comes from the top and you pretty much are just expected to follow orders and execute. And people get excited about the opportunity of joining a company where they can have a voice, they can assume more ownership. And so all of that is also rolled into our pitch. There are certain candidates who have, you know, certain barriers to moving over that are unrelated to the work itself. For example, folks with families and children, we do a lot of selling on, you know, how great a place of Groningen is. We actually have done quite a bit of research, especially more recently as we set out to hire more senior folks about things like schooling and healthcare and all the other benefits to moving a family over. And so a lot of those selling conversations then tend to pivot to some of those sort of lifestyle conversations for folks who are considering moving to Groningen. So we really tend to tailor the pitch to what the situation is, if that makes sense. That makes a lot of sense. Obviously the hiring manager is a great person to give that pitch. What do you think about, how do you feel about like an in-house recruiter giving that pitch? Someone that works at the company so they can speak with conviction about these things? So the way that I think about recruiting is, the next thing about where we are as a company today is we're small enough of a scale where small enough of a company size where scaling or hiring isn't yet a bottleneck. And so all of the engineering managers can really take the time to learn and understand hiring, which to me is essentially a conversion funnel. At the bottom you have people who show up on the first day. At the top are people that we identify to be potentially good candidates who we run outreach for and all the different layers in between. And I think I've counted probably 10 to 12 of them. And it gives an opportunity for managers to really understand what those layers are. In part because in the future we expect them to having understood the inner workings of them and how to optimize for them that they can then subsequently operationalize them. Meaning that they can distill certain important elements of each of the layers of hiring down to a set of instructions for example that they can then pass on to somebody else who can then execute. So as an example a lot of our managers do their own sourcing and in part it's because it gives them an opportunity to both perfect their pitch as well as learn how to effectively filter out to find people that they... In the future my hope is that... I'm sorry? Yeah, there was a bit of lack and I lost you at how to filter out. Okay, so they get a sense of how to filter out to be able to find the people that they think could be good fits for their teams. And then in the future the hope is that having all of that knowledge will allow them to then operationalize that layer of the hiring process and essentially create something that they can hand off to a recruiter for example to be able to execute on that and be as effective as them. So if they have a great sense of what kind of messaging works with what kind of people they're looking to hire whether it's skill set or seniority of part of the world and what messaging resonates with people and this comes into the... now we're talking about the focus that... or the emphasis that we put on or either it's the company or the industry that we're in or the technical opportunities or whatever it is that initial sort of outreach topic quote unquote that they can then pass that on to recruiters to be able to execute on and be as effective at. And so now we're at this phase where we can do a lot of these things that don't scale longer term we want to apply that knowledge to be able to operationalize each of the steps of the hiring process. And have you tried that yet transferring something to a recruiter because what I have found I think the model you're using is great in terms of I think that in addition to the benefits you've mentioned my experience is also that many candidates would be much more responsive in having that conversation with the hiring manager than the recruiter that they feel they actually can have a good technical discussion that they feel they actually can learn something from it even if they don't take the job and that they actually feel like they can get to know the actual team environment management style. So I find that that helps as well. So have you found... have you tried to transfer that on to a recruiter and found that you've been able to succeed with it being just as effective or have you found that there is some loss from that connection not being directly from the hiring manager? I mean there obviously is expected to be a loss because as you said people are more likely more willing and excited about talking to a direct hiring manager. What I was referring to is specific to sourcing as an example which means that if we don't feel too confident about the conversion rate of passing on the sales call to a recruiter we can still maintain that or have that be owned by the direct hiring manager. The nice thing about it is because if each direct hiring manager is responsible for hiring into their own team then it can scale a lot more versus sourcing tends to be a bottleneck a lot quicker. So the sourcing part is to try to alter recruiters more recently and have seen some initial early success with it and I would say that the outcome of that was as good as a direct manager would be able to pull off and yet we still do all of the sales calling and this is more specific to Grunningen than San Francisco we do still most of the sales calling by the direct hiring manager. Obviously you know longer term across all the different steps of hiring we'll have to be selective about whether we feel comfortable kind of scaling out horizontally depending on the kind of maintaining the conversion rate but we haven't run into that those problems yet. Cool really interesting model I don't have any further questions about this before we move on Barbie you anything you want to ask or add I see you shaking your head yeah it's my understanding that you were interested in how we make sure our engineers care about our business goals is that the case or I mean though that was a back and forth discussion you and I had and I think you had some good ideas on it I shared our sort of methodology with you as well so oh I forgot I forgot what that was can you refresh my mind we talked about the at least from hacker one's perspective the importance of engineers caring about business goals and essentially seeing the kind of the fruit of their labor if you will being the or being tied to a positive impact on the business and not necessarily you know how technically complicated problem that they're solving or the code that they're shipping to production or the features that they're shipping really about the positive impact their work has on the overall success of the business and we sort of built out a whole ecosystem around it including how we how we hire how we communicate to candidates how we internally set compensation and leveling thresholds so how do you weave that into for example compensation do you when when kind of promoting someone you look at how they infected business goals or how do you do that yeah so our we have a leveling framework that is entirely focused on level of impact so we don't we explicitly exclude things like skill whatever that means to people you know years of experience age what school they come from what past companies they've been at what degree they have and focus exclusively on what positive impact there has their work had on the success of the business and when the promotion process works such that the direct manager would draft a essentially a proposal for a promotion that describes that business impact and then we as a as an engineering management group get together to to debate that in the end it is the decision that's still up to the hiring manager or the direct manager however the entire discussion is focused around the impact on the business we talked about you know these are the goals that we set out for ourselves this is what we've been able to accomplish this is what this person role role or impact was to be able to accomplish those things and then for each of the levels we have certain definitions of what level of impact their work should have and then over time as more and more people get promoted each one of those documents serves as essentially a you know kind of like I'd like to think of it as a court of law system where you have the language of the law then you have every time it goes through a challenge through court there's a good data point a proof point to support that and so over time these these levels and level of impacts that are associated with it are backed up by historical promotions in the documents that were written to support them as a kind of an example or representation of that level if that makes sense yeah that makes sense I'm looking at one of our promotion documents and we do have like technical skill and what we for example say is like you have to be able to write more modular well tested maintainable code and we link to kind of code they've written that proves that they they possess that skill and you can yes it's it's a skill on the other hand it's like the you look at the actual results they got the actual code they wrote that that proves that they have that now we luckily also look at other things like leadership and code quality communication performance but I like your way of tying it even more to business goals and it's something we'll consider for sure yeah well one of the ways that we try to mitigate the risk of you know the people talk a lot about 10x engineers and or ninjas or rock stars and whatnot which we like to joke that are people who write a bunch of code and get a bunch of credit for accomplishing certain things and then leave a ton of maintenance debt for the rest of their group to maintain as a result of that quote-unquote velocity but we try to manage rather than incorporating it into into the the promotional cycle and therefore it gives us an opportunity to kind of simplify the promotional process where the entirety of a promotion is based on the overall impact on the business and because it is squarely tied to the to the goals of the company that it is sort of independently verifiable so anyone looking at the justification for the promotion can understand the reasoning for it because it is tied to company goals that we have all aligned behind as an organization so it even goes beyond engineering. Yeah we know at higher rock stars I just read something about guns and roses and they tend to show up late under the influence and trash the dressing room so we try to prevent those hires. Although I love guns and roses, it's for the record. I just say don't hire them in your development team. Absolutely, that's their point. I think that's really interesting and I think we tend to, we try to tie it to results. For example when we give a bonus and I think we can do it a bit better when we when we promote people so that's something we'll be looking at. Something else we discussed maybe for the benefit of the viewer because your memory is probably better than mine but is kind of making sure that there's alignment throughout the company what the business goals are and what we do for example there is our number one metric is incremental revenue that we get on our subscriptions and we have a monthly goal for that and if we achieve that goal everyone gets a free dinner to kind of celebrate that and another thing we do is we make sure that there's clear objectives and key results that start from high three high level objectives for the whole company and that trickle down to all the different teams and those are public and and those are made kind of bottoms up by the teams that have to have to make them while making sure they're aligned. Barbie do you have anything to to ask or add? Yeah I would love to know how or who is responsible for the team level OKRs that you mentioned that you derive from the company business goals that's one of the things that we're setting out to do right now as kind of a middle layer between the company goals and what the teams are working on day to day and I'd be curious to know what the process is currently for you. Yeah I'd be happy to show you if you Google GitLab OKRs you come to a page and you find all our OKRs and they start with an objective this is the objective one of the three then some key results that are associated with that and if you look at how that came together it's all version controlled in Git it won't surprise you at a company called GitLab and then you can see that there's a whole diverse set of people that contributed to this like this is one of the last contributions from someone that recently joined the company and he he updated the hiring ones he updated like how we're doing so far which is great and how do you how do you kind of formalize them at what point do you rubber stamp it to say this is what it is? Yeah it's they're never done so they're always they're always open to change if the companies if the priority shift we change the OKRs we won't be afraid to do that now what we try to do is before the quarter starts make sure that they're kind of up to snuff and then sometimes the first few days of the quarter they they still move and after that there's there's a significant drop-off but we will never like chase an objective that has become redundant because the world changed and how did how did the individual contributors the middle management and the functional heads how did they all fit into the process? Yeah so they can kind of add their make their own merge request with proposals so kind of I I create the top three ones and then all my reports start filling it out below that and then all their reports start filling it out below that and then some of them do it in meetings and they submit it as bigger merge requests but as we get more familiar with the process I hope to kind of see more and more like team leads contributing we used to do them to the individual level but it wasn't very useful so now we we stop at the at the team level because kind of the team is account accountable for reaching the objective. Yeah that makes sense I'm I'm of the same belief. One of the one of the big benefits I believe in having engineers and engineering teams work directly tied to the business goals and the business outcome of the company and the biggest benefits is it shifts perspective on the value of quote-unquote shipping because getting something out into production in and of itself doesn't provide much value to the company it's really about the value that the customer derives from what was built which in the end will sort of strongly correlate with the long-term success of the business and so one of the benefits that we've seen and in aligning engineering teams behind operational goals is getting something out the door isn't I mean it's an important milestone in and of itself is not the quote-unquote desired outcome for us and this is where some of our OKRs and important metrics come into play is it is being referenced as what we call the success criteria and that success criteria does not actually include shipping the thing the thing shipping the thing is just a milestone and people kind of care beyond code being in production to extract as much value out of what we've built as we possibly can to help the business you know move the right metrics essentially yeah I'm curious to know how do you how do you decouple sort of success or accomplishment if you will in engineers mind with getting code out to production because that tends to be generally celebrated especially as a company grows and scales and your overall scope of work is smaller and smaller percentage of the overall engineering function and what the company is trying to do how do you how have you been able to decouple that if you will that makes sense yeah makes a lot of sense I'm not sure we we totally solved this but one interesting thing we do is one of our values is to iterate so to ship very small updates and another thing in our strategy we have a strategy called breath over depth and that means that when we do something we tend to kind of show where where it's heading and then do the minimal iteration the minimum viable change so right now we're in a phase where get lab used to be version control now it's kind of the most important tools for the developers planning coding and testing that code but what we're doing now is we're going to go to a single application for the whole DevOps lifecycle so that all these operations tasks come with it packaging releasing configuring and monitoring what you may and that's a whole lot of scope and we're adding that in a single year to the product now that's that's a really high pace so on one hand we're telling people like our developers are creating that entire scope but they're doing it with a very minimal first implementation and after that kind of we get those small pieces out the door and then we kind of wait for for feedback we we have open issue trackers and then customers will tell us hey I would like this and sometimes it's users sometimes it's customers many times it's like for example sales people commenting in the issue tracker I have a customer with 300 people here's the Salesforce link and they want they want to see this because XYZ and then it's up to the product managers to kind of prioritize things that people are are waiting for so if we're beyond like the the initial showing the direction and we're kind of filling in filling it in almost always that's based on on kind of customer and user requests okay that makes sense I guess a related question on the OKR front how do you determine what metrics matter from the perspective of being able to influence them so kind of distinguish distinguishing key results from KPIs how do you determine which of the key results actually matter for the engineering team to be able to move I'm not sure there's a I have a cookie because I answer for that it's always it's always kind of hard to to set those key results we try to we try really hard to to pick something that makes sense and that's quantifiable and that's hard to gain and that will really move the business forward but it's always hard to pick the exact metrics is there I'm not sure like a great question though I think it's a great question in consideration Alex and I think it's something we can actually get better at yeah that's one of the things that I always personally struggle with is picking the right target and in our world one of the challenges that we have is you know hacker powered security is not an established industry so we're you know to be extreme are kind of in the polar opposite of building a better mousetrap and so as a result there aren't a lot of kind of standard practices for what it means to build a hacker powered security platform and as a result they're not a lot of acceptable abyss of our consumer e-commerce space you know best practices that we put that would be a little bit of us to to get a speed on but in our case it's not unusual for us to care about certain metrics that wind up being not as important as we originally believed them to be we're constantly trying to iterate on the process and get better at it but as one of our one of our main struggles is when we try to set these success criteria is not always straightforward to figure out what exactly we're trying to shoot for yeah it's I think that's that's a hard thing and by the way your audio is sometimes a bit lagging I think it's your internet connection but what they if I look at your market it's kind of it's a two-sided marketplace what they told us at White Combinator what to look for in a two-sided marketplace is number of messages kind of exchanged kind of number of messages going between the hackers and the companies paying that should probably be one of your key performance indicators hmm do you have any good documentation say from White Combinator that talks about this no I don't I can try to look it's not my it's not my metric I can try to imagine why for example you can also look at revenue and I'm sure you're doing that and that's a really good metric and I'm sure you're already looking at it but for example if there's not for profits which hackers hack for free like that's still a contribution you could also look at like number of cases opened and closed but if there's little interaction between the two parties it's kind of a warning sign that something is kind of going wrong on your platform it's becoming less of like a community it's becoming very transactional it's becoming easier to disrupt so the number of messages is kind of an engagement thing and of course the more programs the more hackers etc then automatically messages will go up as well so you're able to measure both programs, matches hackers and engagement all with one core metric hmm yeah well one of our challenges around engagement which is kind of a more non-traditional to cited marketplaces the fact that hackers could be engaged with customer programs without the customer program ever knowing about it hackers could find a program that they like and spend a much time hacking on it and not necessarily finding anything and therefore there's not much to report and the company as a result never actually knows about it even though there was engagement from the hacker standpoint and therefore when we talk about engagement there's definitely the more obvious metrics around report submissions and things like that that we actively measure and care about but those tend to be more as I think about outcomes of engagement and not directly correlated to engage or it is correlated but not a direct representation of engagement we have certain customers who run very competitive bounty programs bug bounty programs on our platform we draw a lot of engagement not necessarily producing a lot of submissions and it's sort of a high risk high reward for hacker to engage in trying to hack a program with high payouts because the company expects the submissions to be few and far between but a lot of hackers trying and so in those scenarios it's a little harder for us to pin down engagement for any given program based on the its attractiveness, its payout and a lot of other criteria that we don't have visibility on the effect of for a hacker community if that makes sense I see the problem and when you kind of have legacy vendors to give you a nice report even though they didn't find anything they give you that nice reports with zero vulnerabilities that you can send to your customers in this case it's harder and I'm sure you've thought about different ways to kind of capture the attention that hackers do via the log files via their connections and all the other things but I see the problem I don't see a big solution maybe one way I could see is maybe connect those hackers together to kind of if there's like a form environment like what have you tried like I've tried this but it's not working like you can see kind of activity that way but I also know that in that community it's much less common to kind of collaborate and share your methods than in some other communities I've encountered so that might be a challenge there and one of my one of my the outcome that I wanted to produce as part of effectively setting success criteria is more around setting on a an effective methodology or a system to be able to determine valid key results and I expect that given the kind of complexity and lack of an existing space to give us guidance that a lot of our a lot of our metrics that we come up with will be somewhat good approximations not necessarily as ideal as we would like them to be as long as we have some system to both set them consistently enough so that we are at least trending in the right direction but also that we can iterate and improve on a process over time and then being able to scale it out across the entire function so that as we grow and scale that each of the teams can effectively set their own key results following this methodology and hopefully over time we can get to a place where the outcomes of those processes are effective key results that we can all get after which is what the ideal outcome that we're looking for. One thing that we looked at a lot of metrics to kind of look at the effectiveness of development teams like we make software for developments and operations people so like how do you measure their effectiveness and there's a long of a lot of wrong ways to measure it like lines of code written and metrics like that and even things like velocity points and things like that don't really make sense one thing that's very telling and very much harder to game is cycle time so our premise now is that GitLab can make your DevOps cycle 200% faster and that is what is like the time between deciding to do something and seeing the results of that back in revenue or engagement or user happiness and we think that's a very important metric and I'm seeing more and more on the internet when people talk about the security profile of certain companies that they talk about their response time faster able to respond to something and I know that HackerOne is very much trying to help companies to do better there and to drive them towards that in the future maybe if you look at like how secure is a company maybe you look at like how high are the book bounties there awarding how fast do they respond and then maybe an indicator of how fair they are in communicating and awarding those bounties but the response time is becoming the defining metric it's easy to measure it's fair to measure and in our business all the companies are becoming software companies and how fast they can respond is the definition and it's kind of the difference between if you look at a very effective fast moving startup and an old company that hasn't undergone a digital transformation yet most of the time you'll find that it costs months to get some change out the door and every week they can save there they get closer to having motivated people and to being able to follow the rapid changes in the marketplace I would actually love to hear when you mention that the value you provide to customers is you mentioned 200% increase in velocity 200% faster develop cycle so where it used to take you say six weeks now it takes you two weeks between deciding to do something and seeing the results so how do you help customers track that that's one of the other things that we always wrestle with is how do you showcase objective measure of value from this so there's a functionality in gel lab called cycle analytics in it you get the results like on how fast your project is going and what we intend to do is graph that and set it out against another thing the DevOps score how much of gel lab you've embraced and our thesis is that the more of gel lab they embrace the faster they can ship and that's the data points we're starting to collecting and the cycle analytics and the DevOps score is that proprietary score that you've assembled or is it based on some more fundamental first principle like data such as time between X and Y so the cycle analytics output just a time so it's just the average or mean time between saying yes we're going to do this and when did you actually deploy the code and start collecting metrics so that's kind of unambiguous and the DevOps score is more score like gel lab consists of like 10 major parts which parts of those is your project using to what effect and then put a percentage on that okay that's very interesting I think that's something that we could we could definitely do that's awesome I took some notes the idea between that is that within a bigger organization there's multiple projects going on and if you can show that the projects that are more embracing your product have better results then there's a case for the leadership to say okay well everyone's got to start embracing it that like the divisions using Hacker 1 can respond faster to bugs then they might mandate it across the company and for your cycle analytics what scope do you consider at what scope do you consider something to be a project that's worth tracking the cycle of if that makes sense yeah so everything that is a project in GitLab and everything that has a separate code repository is a project in GitLab then we measure the time between creating an issue for it and scheduling it and reviewing it and rolling it out to production got it just for me to get a sense of that scope what is a a good cycle average cycle duration if you will is there some kind of standard that kind of independently verifiable across various organizations or is it sort of like velocity really depending on how much time it takes to start up is shipping in less than a week we're shipping now kind of every month and there's a bunch of companies that's shipping that takes a quarter to get something out the door that makes sense that's really helpful I would love to check out some of the marketing material for it because I think there's a lot we can learn from that cool I'll send it to you and you can also Google GitLab cycle analytics cool those are all the questions I had on my end for me too Barbie no I'm good this was interesting to see how you were doing things there Alex I appreciate your time likewise thanks so much for getting on a call thanks Alex take care


and she also serves on the San Antonio Housing Authority Board of Commissioners, thank you. Mayor Nuremberg, we know the mayor. And soon after being elected mayor in 2017, he created the Mayor's Housing Policy Task Force, a five member group that led dozens of public discussions and town hall meetings about housing affordability. And in August, 2018, Task Force released its report that laid out a framework for how San Antonio should tackle its housing. And then finally, Lori Houston. Lori Houston is Assistant City Manager who oversees the Center City Development and Operations Department, which oversees the city's incentive policy. And she also oversees the Neighborhood and Housing Services Department, which oversees a plethora of programs that are sort of designed to keep people in their homes and as well as help people with eviction debt and stuff like that. So the first question, I wanted to start us off. I wanna ask the panelists, what is your vision for the central part of San Antonio? Yes, downtown, but also the neighborhoods, because they're all sort of joined together. What happens downtown impacts the neighborhoods. And to y'all, what sort of your perfect sort of the way downtown evolves from here in the next five, 10 or 15 years? And Mayor, if you wanna kind of start us off on that. Sure, and thank you, Ben and Heron, for having us today, panelists, as well as everyone who's attending today. I think this is a very diverse audience. I can tell by folks I've visited with, multitude of perspectives on housing, so this will be a very interesting discussion. My view on downtown is really derived from how we talked about downtown in SA 2020, which 10 years ago kind of laid out the community's vision for how we wanted to see San Antonio develop over the next 10 years up to the year we're living in right now. And primarily it is a recognition that downtown is a vibrant place where people can live and work. That is once again, kind of the heartbeat of San Antonio. And as we've seen that kind of develop over the last 10 years through incentive policies that have really started to see development pick up and the cranes in the air and the new jobs coming in and the lots of new development, housing development, which now is over 7,000 units, we've started to tweak or perhaps add more description to that vision. And one of them is that downtown needs to play a place where everyone can thrive. That it's a place where it doesn't require to be, require you to be of a certain income bracket. This is a place.