So till now we were focusing on the epithelium, epithelium and its various elements, various cells and gingival fibers and parts of gingiva. Now let's move on to the connective tissue. So connective tissue part which is composed of collagen basically around 60% then we have fibroblast around 5% and the remaining 35% includes matrix which has vessels and nerves. So it is known as lamina propria the connective tissue of gingiva is known as lamina propria which has got two parts papillary layer and reticular layer. This papillary layer which is adjacent to the epithelium which consists of papillary projection between the epithelial retepics and reticular layer which is in continuous with periosteum of alveolar bone. So this includes connection with alveolar bone, contiguous with alveolar bone and papillary layer is here. So this is the connective tissue papillary layer which is with projections between the epithelial retepics you can see the projections. So this is the papillary layer and this part is reticular layer. And connective tissue has cellular and extracellular compartments composed of fibres and ground substance. So ground substance is basically composed of proteoglycans, hyaluronic acid, contritin sulfate, glycoproteins mainly fibronectin and fibronectin which binds fibroblasts to the fibres and many other components of intercellular matrix helping mediate cell adhesion and migration. That is fibronectin, fibronectin which fibronectin and we have one more protein which is known as laminin, laminin, so fibronectin which binds fibroblasts to the fibres and many other components of intercellular matrix whereas laminin is another glycoprotein which is found in the base cell lamina serves to attach it to the epithelial cell. So it is attaching to the epithelial cell okay epithelial cell. And we have three types of connective tissue fibres are collagen, reticular and elastic fibres. The collagen type one forms the bulk of lamina propria and provides the tensile strength to the gene travel tissue. So we have collagen, reticular and elastic types and type four collagen which branches between the collagen type one bundle and is continuous with fibres of the basement membrane. Type one and type four type one forms the bulk of lamina propria whereas a type four which branches between the type one. So type four and type one is it type four is going between type one and this and is continuous with fibres of basement membrane and other blood vessel. So the elastic fibre system is composed of oxitalin, elunin and elastin. So the cellular elements, so cellular elements include fibroblast which is a major element which are mesenchymal origin and plays a major role in the development maintenance and repair of gene travel connective tissue which synthesize collagen and elastic fibres as well as glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans, it regulates collagen degradation through phagocytosis. And also we have mast cell which are numerous in connective tissue and also we have fixed macrophages and histiocytes and also adipose cells and esophils, neutrophils, plasma cells and lymphocytes. So the blood supply of gene travel is basically from three sources. One is supraperiosteal arterioles, supraperiosteal arterioles along the facial and lingual surface of facial and lingual surface of the alveolar bone from which capillary is extend along the circular and gene travel, circular gene travel epithelium and between the retepics of external gene travel surface. So that is supraperiosteal arterioles, next we have vessels of periodontal ligament which extends into the gene travel and anastomose with capillaries in the sulcus area. And third one is arterioles which emerge from the crest of their interendal septum. So that is a blood supply lymphatic drainage from anti-bular incisor region it goes to sub mental lymph node from maxillary palatal gene travel it goes to deep cervical nodes buccal gene travel of maxilla and buccal and lingual gene travel in mantibular primolar molar area which goes to sub mantibular lymph nodes and nerve supply is basically trigeminal nerve. So that was just some finishing points about gene travel, about the blood supply lymph drainage on nerve supply and the cellular elements connected tissue part. So gene travel is a very vast topic the parts of gene travel and the gene travel fibers about the epithelial cells are very important for your exam. So I will come up with periodontal ligament in my next session. Thank you.


Hello! Hi! Ready? Hello and welcome to Do Try This At Home from the Institute of Physics. We're making these videos for parents and carers across the UK and Ireland so that you can explore science together with your kids at home. My name's Tash and this one's called Reversing Arrow. And I love this one. Not only is it because it's about light, which is my specialty subject, but also once you get the hang of it, you can really get creative with it. What you're going to need is two sheets of paper, a marker pen, a tall drinks glass and some water. First off, draw some arrows on the paper. Make them about the same width of the glass. Then follow the paper to stand your arrows up. Paste another sheet of paper in front of it. Put the glass in front of that. And if you're doing this for someone in the house, it might be useful to set up a chair where they're going to be sitting. If you're doing it over the web, get your webcam ready and position that over here. And then I'm just going to adjust everything so it's lined up with a webcam. And then fill the glass with water so that the bottom arrow is under the water. Adjust the position of the glass so that the arrow is about the same size. And I'm just going to move the arrows back here as well. And it looks about right to me. Yes. Then mark the position of the glass using a pen. So now you're set up. Pour the water way back into the bottle.  So I'm just going to call my niece on the webcam. Hello. Hi. Ready? What's going on here and how do you explain it to your family? Well, you start with a pencil. A pencil normally looks a little bit like this. We see it because the light bounces off it and travels in a straight line to your eye. Now if I put the pencil in the water, you'll see that it looks bent because the light changes direction as it travels from the water to the air. A similar thing happens in a reversing arrow trick. Without water in the way, we see the arrow as it is. This is because light spreads out in all directions and some of it will travel in a straight line to the webcam over here. When there is water in the way, the light bends. Light from the tip of the arrow changes direction here and here and clicks at this point before spreading out again. Same thing happens to the light from the tail collecting to this point. Because the light from the tip is now spreading from here and the tail from here, the arrow looks reversed to anyone viewing from the webcam over here. Don't worry if you don't completely get a science. Enjoy the trick. And once you've had fun with reversing arrow, you can also have fun with numbers and letters. What's it say, Saf? And once your family get the idea, they can go off and invent their own version. Excellent. If you like this video, give it a like. Or why not go over to our website for other things you definitely should try out. It is goodbye from me and goodbye from Saf.


The International Soil Moisture Network, ISMN, was established to serve as a centralized data hosting facility for globally available in-situ soil moisture measurements from operational networks and validation campaigns. Data-collecting networks share their soil moisture datasets with the ISMN on a voluntary and no-cost basis, and incoming soil moisture data are automatically transformed into common volumetric soil moisture units and checked for outliers and implausible values. The database contains data of 19 networks and more than 500 stations located in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia, spanning from 1952 until the present. The ISMN is rapidly expanding and will become an increasingly important resource for validating and improving satellite-derived soil moisture products and studying climate-related trends. Potential networks are invited to enrich the collection by sharing their in-situ soil moisture data. This article was authored by W. A. Derigo, W. Wagner, R. Hohensen, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


For today's Monday makeup lesson, I'm going to show you how to create this look using just two eyeshadows. It's a perfect look for spring and shouldn't take you too much time at all. If you're new to the makeup cheer channel and you like tutorials like this, then I might suggest hitting the subscribe button below. And if you're already subscribed, then thank you and welcome back. Now, let's get started in creating this look. As with every look that I create, I always start off by applying an eyeshadow primer all over the lid. Now, this is a lightweight sheer eyeshadow primer. So I've already applied a little bit of concealer on the lids to create a blend canvas. And then the primer is going to help give our eyeshadows something to hold on to. It creates a little bit of grip so that our eyeshadows are going to sit better and blend better for you. Now to create this look, I'm using two eyeshadows. One is a shimmering cream eyeshadow, and then one is a matte powdered eyeshadow. And as you can see, they're in the same tone. I find that these work really well together. And we're only going to be using one brush to create this look. So just grab your favorite blending brush. Starting with the matte eyeshadow and our blending brush, we're going to apply this into the crease of the eye. So try keeping your eyes open and blend the eyeshadow over and back into the crease area, blending slightly upwards towards the brows. You can also bring this down onto the lid if you want as well, but try to make sure that the concentration is in the crease and then blend it upwards. It should very gently fade upwards, and this is a great technique for hooded eyes, because it will recede that hood and push it back for you. Kind of like contouring the eye shape. Next, we're going to take our cream eyeshadow, and this is a new one by Up Cosmetics. It's almost like a creamy bouncy texture. It goes on very easily, and I'm just going to be using my fingertips to apply this. We're going to be focusing this mostly across the lid, starting on the inner corner and the center, and then blending across the rest of the lid.  Make sure you still have that matte crease line, but making sure that it's completely covered the lid. This is one of the easiest cream to powder eyeshadows that I've ever used. It's almost like a pressed pigment. Very simple, perfect for beginners. Now to add a little bit of depth, I'm just going to apply a very thin amount of liquid liner across the lash line. You can also use a pencil if you prefer. And then to finish off the look, I applied lots of mascara and some falsies. And there you go. A really quick and easy eye makeup look. This is a look that's perfect for spring, perfect for a little bit of shimmer, a little bit of shine. If you enjoyed this tutorial, please give it a thumbs up. You can also check out more of the videos on the screen. And as always, my friends, be kind to yourself, be kind to others. You're doing the best you can, and I'll see you in the next one.