Ladies and gentlemen, we will start our event on the role of nuclear energy in providing affordable, resilient, and secure energy supply. And we're very honored to have the presence of Dr. Birol, Executive Director of the International Energy Agency, who will share his thoughts on the role of nuclear energy in the clean energy transition. So the floor is yours, DG, and Dr. Birol. Well, thank you very much, Ari. Thank you, everybody, for being here. I hope you can listen to us in the middle of this noisy environment we have. But this is a very special moment for us here. You know, Fatih, this is the first time that in the cops you have a nuclear pavilion, which is also a sign of the times, as they say, in the sense that we are having a place where all those who have a voice in energy in the world have a place to discuss this issue in the context of climate change. And of course, no one better than you, who have the real bird's eye view on everything that is going on in the world when it comes to energy, to share with us and those who are connecting with us all over the world, your thoughts about the current situation, the role of nuclear, and any other thoughts that you may have. Thank you very much, Fatih, for being here with me today. We are running around the world to avoid unnecessary and negative consequences of the current conflict we are seeing in the world. So very many things, first of all, for them. Second, I am very happy to see that the IEA, International Energy Agency, is not any more alone to try to show the world that nuclear has its place when it comes to addressing energy security and climate change challenges. There are many good indications there, and one of them is a very complicated one. For the first time, as you said, IAEA is having a very strong presence at the COP meeting. Thank you very much. Now, coming back to the nuclear power, maybe Raphael, you remember, Paris last November, we were there together. There was a major thousands of people, a World Nuclear Association meeting with Bruno Le Maire, the French finance minister, yourself, and me, we had a discussion there in front of the audience. It was in November, last year, and there I said, looking at the market trends, nuclear may well make a comeback after a big pause, nuclear energy may well make a comeback. It was well before the invasion of Ukraine by Russia, invasions February this year, I said in November. Now, today, when I look at the government responses around the world, the current crisis, energy crisis, and the climate change, I see that I have to revise what I said in November. Nuclear is making a comeback, nuclear is making a comeback and in a strong fashion. I see it in three phases. One, the countries who wanted to say goodbye to nuclear power, they are rethinking their plans. And the international agency has discussed with many of them, including Germany and Belgium, and we are very happy that the both governments are now in the process of postponing their nuclear phase-out plans, understanding the role of nuclear to address its energy security change. This is one group. Second group of countries, they were reluctant many countries with the nuclear industry in terms of the extension of the lifetime of existing nuclear power plants, who were functioning perfectly, and they come to 40 years old, 35 years old. Now I see that the many governments are extending the lifetime of existing nuclear power plants around the world, from North America to Europe, from Europe to Eastern. This is very good because extending the lifetime of nuclear power plants is one of the cheapest source of clean electricity generation in the world. Third category is the countries now having a Netherlands for example, Poland, the several countries in Asia and also in the other parts of the developing world. And here I should say that the countries like two important nuclear countries, Japan and Korea, also revising the nuclear policies I was listening in Tokyo, thank Prime Minister Kishida for considering to restart of the nuclear power plants of Japan and the same in Korea, I think there's a new thinking of nuclear power plants. To put all of them together, I will say that the current energy crisis we are in, plus the climate commitments are leading to nuclear is making a strong comeback and it is our job, your job, my job, all of our job to make sure that the facts are on the table and nuclear power, together with solar, together with onshore, offshore, with hydropower and so on, we provide a clean electricity in the next years. Thank you very much Fatih for that overview which indeed confirms what we are seeing in the world in many countries, but still from our perspective and I am frequently asked this so I would like to benefit from your wisdom on this one as well. What would be according to you the challenges that we would need as nuclear institutions, the IEA in the normative global perspective but also the industry that we should be looking at in order for this apparently seemingly promising curve to be confirmed? The second one is nuclear industry. To be honest with you, nuclear industry globally doesn't have a very good reputation in terms of delivering on time and on budget. I think a nuclear industry, since there is a lot of now orders around the world coming and will be coming, it is important that the nuclear industry have more discipline in terms of deliver on time and on budget. So this is the delays and the post-overruns are a major problem. The third one is innovation. So when we look at the world, the biggest electricity market comes from emerging countries. And for the emerging countries to beat life scale nuclear power plants may be challenging for many reasons including the financial, putting the first down payment there having the big nuclear industry and the technology. So SMR's small model reactors in that respect is a very important area and I think innovation will be crucial here. I hear personally high expectations from small model reactors and there is a very big chance that many developing countries would make use of SMR's to meet the growing electricity market for energy security first of all, but also for existing environmental issues. So the SMR is the imperative in terms of innovation and I hope that we will see SMR's right before or around 2030 to be commercially up and running in the world. Thank you for that. I know you are running for another event. But if you could have still a couple of minutes of your time on one issue which has been preoccupying me and I'm working on that as well and I'm sure you have a deeper perspective. It has to do with the international financing institutions and their attitudes and approaches to nuclear. To use it we know that traditionally there was a lot of latency and even normative prohibition to finance nuclear projects which sounds quite amazing. But it was the case even nationally for some countries. There is a bit of an opening of these debates but how realistic is this? Do you think that we will have a level playing field when it comes to financing or is that still quite unfeasible as you see the market? This is an excellent point Rafa. I'm a benign look at the international financial institutions, multi-development banks and what they do today to have especially the emerging and developing world in terms of clean energy financing. I don't give them passing grades until they fail basically. They were not there to support the clean energy transition in the emerging countries. I am very disappointed that many of them doesn't put this as one of the key items in their agenda. Number two, I see that now they are slowly but surely, I mean with the expression making up, and try to repariotize clean energy transition in their landings kids. This is very good. But now if they approach technologies in a dogmatic way, this will be again a big problem in terms of their support in a rapid way to the developing countries. In my view, there shouldn't be a discrimination of any clean energy source and I have been discussing this in Brussels with my colleagues long time and I think the situation looks better now in Europe and it should be internationally, I think together with the solar mint efficiency policies, hydro power and others nuclear should be also benefiting given the right conditions and frameworks of course from the international financial institutions support. This is my view. We are not yet there but I, me and international agencies will push every occasion that the nuclear is a role in the eyes of my partners international institutions in terms of the clean energy dynamic process. Thank you Fatih, I think you have to move on. I wanted to thank you for sharing some time with us today. You may know that IEA and IAEA apart from having these nice conversations among executive heads do important work together. Our analysts do important work. We join forces from our perspective from nuclear to your wider efforts on energy as such. So thank you for those efforts Fatih. You know that with Dr Beol we share another passion which is football. So before you leave I wanted to ask you who is going to win the World Cup and you know what the answer should be. Now I want to thank you very much for Mauro Icardi. So he is Argentinian player and excellent player. So I should tell you thank you very much and I have a great sympathy for Argentinian not because of Mauro Icardi but because of Rafael Gorsi. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you Fatih for that. So this session which allows me to play a journalist is very nice to ask others difficult questions. So I am enjoying this and I continue. So the next part of it will be to share with you some perspectives. So Ari if you could lead us into the next participants and I can still enjoy my asking questions to them. Okay so thank you Director General Rossi. So it's our pleasure to invite you to the stage. The four panelists Dr. Katie Huff, Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy at DOE. His Excellency Alhammadi, Managing Director and CEO of INEC. We have Ingomar Ankwist, CEO of the World Association of Nuclear Operators and we have Mr. Bartowski, Special Envoy for Climate and Energy Cooperation from Poland. Director General, the floor is yours again. Well thank you very much. Thank you. Well this group of people of course is very interesting because they represent different perspectives of an issue which is of course topical and at the center of everything we are trying to do here at the nuclear pavilion. I would like to start with you Kate. We've been participating together on a number of events recently in your country. Pittsburgh, then Washington. So we can see there's a lot of action when it comes to the policies led by Secretary Granholm and yourself and your team. So for me, I think I'm sure for everybody here at the nuclear pavilion it will be very interesting to get two perspectives from you. One has to do with the biggest nuclear market which is the United States and we would like to get from you your perspective, what are your plans, what are your priorities and also globally. The United States is the epitome of the global player. So you have a place to film in many places and we see the United States present in different parts of the world. So if you could share with us your perspective on that, your American American hat and then the American Indian world hat I would be very grateful. Thank you so much. I really especially appreciate that when we've had the opportunity to see each other in so many locations over the last few months with the Pittsburgh and IAEH General Conference in Vienna and the Nuclear Power Ministerial last month in DC and of course here really caps it off. So I'm grateful for that. I think that with my American American hat on it is indeed the case that we have the largest nuclear fleet in the world and we hope to continue to have leadership in nuclear power, peaceful nuclear power. And as we look at our climate change mitigation and adaptation goals, one of the most critical aggressive goals is to get to zero carbon electricity incredibly quickly by 2035, get to net zero by 2050. We cannot do it without nuclear and we must maintain in the United States at least the existing capacity that we already have, which is 92 reactors worth, it's nearly 94 gigawatts electric. But by 2050 likely we'll need to double that capacity and what that means is that we need to build nuclear reactors over the course of the next few years at a much greater pace than we have built them in quite a long time. And so we're really excited to be turning on new AP1000s this coming year while building advanced reactors including small modular reactors like the new scale reactor as well as advanced reactors like the Natrium so we can cool fast reactor and the XE100 X-Energy high temperature gas reactor. These are all things happening in the coming years and decade and we're really excited about them because they should be the first of a kind hopefully getting us to 200 gigawatts of nuclear power by 2050 at the latest. Globally of course, in order to do this across the world we need to work with countries to make sure that they have the resources and tools to determine their own path, the amount of nuclear that they need and the amount of nuclear that they might want from the United States or in partnership with the United States and we're really excited that there are a lot of countries interested in working with us even just for exploration of their own interests but also broadly enough to include expert from us to them with our excellent nuclear technology but it does require export financing that I think will be a challenge and we can get into that more deeply and it's going to require incredibly aggressive kind of engagement on all sides if we're going to get things built on time so from my perspective I really think it's our responsibility to build those first few units and give confidence in the international market about those designs themselves with the AP1000 you can go and tour them functioning in a few places and starting up in the United States so I think that helps and we should see that with SMR soon Thank you very much Next, I would like to turn also to someone who has national and international now international hats as well but of course when it comes to Mohammed Alamadi and the Emirates for whoever looks at nuclear and you may have been asked this question a thousand times but let me tell you that it will continue because what you've achieved in your country is so unique that many everybody around the world looks at it as an example of how a country takes a decision and follows a number of steps from zero to 100 and by doing it right so maybe in the context of what we are seeing now here in Shauna Sheikh there is a lot of concern we must feel and we can see it about the world being able and countries being able to take the right decisions so why don't you walk us through again the path that was followed by your country from looking at nuclear as something that could be into what it is now if I may first of all comment on the situation we are in right now so thank you for your leadership since Glasgow COP26 things have turned around we could see there is more interest in nuclear and as my colleague mentioned that there is a doubling on nuclear by 2050 so that's great and also looking at the discussion here at COP27 in Shauna Sheikh and nuclear and also welcome you to COP28 in Dubai on the UAE program the specific ingredient successor was the clear determination from the nation's leadership to develop portfolios of energies agnostic of technologies that is clean, reliable and resilient and that will secure the nation's energy mix for decades to come and nuclear did check all those marks it's clean, it's reliable and it provides energy security for the nation and that's something where we've taken from the early days of cooperation with the IEA and also cooperation with the US and other nations to develop our program so the development went through multiple phases with the clear determination to meet the highest standards of safety, security and cooperation and we managed to do it as you mentioned in a record time and this is something which we are very proud of and also as of today we have three units operational one more unit will become operational soon and that will provide 25% of the electricity for the UAE and also avoiding emitting around 22 million tons of CO2 emissions annually and that's a great achievement for our nation indeed it is we'll get back to you in a second to my right Ingmar Engvist, an old friend in nuclear in many respects in many incarnations but now your responsibility is CEO of one of the world Association of Nuclear Operators the title itself evokes a sense of community and an idea of working together to solve problems so in your mind as one ahead what are those problems today for those who are already nuclear for those who want to be in nuclear is it safety, is it security, is it financing, is it technology how is the community of operators looking at this these days we have collected experience over 30 years of operational experience so what is only purpose is to maximize safety operational excellence and doing that I think is the foundation for the new future of nuclear and that will address the energy dilemma of security, supply, affordability and a low carbon footprint because it is only when we are able to operate the current plants safely and reliably we will maintain the public trust and improve the public trust for our technology but in that sense what Mora does is bringing all members together sharing everything openly between us you can imagine is there any other industry where competitors come together to share experiences, events best practices even and this brings strength to this industry and that's what we do in Mora we are, as you said, a community of operators and we see that we have a big purpose also for building the future of this technology and we also, I'll come back to that later maybe we also provide assistance to new units and new entrants thank you Ingmar for that let me turn to Sebastian Barkowski it's my pleasure to meet with you on stage we've never met before but of course we've been working and we work with Poland a lot for many decades at the IAA and Poland is a country which is one cannot say it's new to nuclear you have technology called capabilities you have research reactors you have a number of qualities but such an important nation in Europe was so far not including nuclear in its energy mix actually an exception in Eastern Europe being one of the most important nations in Europe what changed in Poland? what were the drivers? are the drivers those related to what we're discussing here in Szabraszyk? climate or are the drivers different? so your perspective as special envoy I understand for energy and climate if that is your position would be very interesting to know first yours thanks a lot let me start maybe with a very personal comment I was for quite a few years in Russia's bubble and we've been having as the ambassadors kind of the friends of nuclear round tables quite regularly and what I've been witnessing is just the shrinkage of our group each quarter or half a year we've been meeting one country out of here when I started there it was like 10 of us when I ended after 5 years 5 or 6 appearing and I'm more than happy that with such events like here and with what Party Bureau said with the nuclear back-and-track we would have more and more of those even in the very grassed bubble more and more of those interests I'm very happy that we as Poland have joined not only mentally but as well indeed just very recently in the Club of Nuclear you asked about the drivers for it definitely it's our climate transformation because in Poland when you talk about climate transformation you mean the energy transformation for us this circle you see there it's not 37% red it's 75% red and to find the replacement for coal we need to think renewables we were thinking natural gas as a transition and we've been constant in putting as well the nuclear somewhere there on our trucks but then came this year the unprecedented unprovoked aggression of Russia on Ukraine this made us not only speed up our nuclear program but it made as well us to think that the nuclear has to find a place in the very demanding and long-term process as the energy transition climate transition will be called that we have to pursue for the years to come being secure and safe in terms of energy, climate and committed to transform our economy and our energy but the war of aggression made us as well go a step further than what we even thought about because two weeks ago we have not only announced our first official decision to have a state funded nuclear power plant launched with the help of our American friends from Western powers but we have as well decided that it's or not we our private energy companies have decided that in parallel they will be very strongly thinking about another nuclear power plant that was never ever been thought about as a private partnership with the Polish companies and the Korean companies so we are back on track of nuclear what we gave up in the 80s at the end of the communist era we are back on track hopefully twice as fast as we ever thought a year ago, two years ago and hopefully we will have a constant help of international organizations of the business people of other countries that are already well advanced that are as far as you know said back on track with India we will manage to achieve the goal of the transition from Poland for the EU and for the Polish international society thank you very much that was an interesting perspective and indeed it's a case that we are all following and we will be the IEA supporting you as you know we are already working with our Polish counterparts because the effort is going to be big but the IEA of course will be there to support them and I can get back to you now if you allow me with a bit more specific question than the big picture issues like approaches from the United States the work that your department and we can see through the labs and other places in the United States that is being carried out on fuel is one of the most fascinating and interesting and promising I would even say that we are seeing I would be interested in your perspectives on that triso, tristructuralized gas reactors metal fuels for our sodium cooled gas reactors molten salt fuels for potential many of those fuels do require high assay low enriched uranium so it is an important component of what our focus is on right now and our low enriched uranium is enriched all the way up to close to 20% in the 19.75 range and it requires slightly adjusted facilities and licenses and includes some extra research and quite a bit more enrichment capacity and this kind of brings to mind a particular focus in the United States right now on the security of our fuel supply which is challenged as we noted before we have the largest fleet in the world that fleet, the current commercial fleet relies on low enriched uranium at around 5% and 20% of that conversion and enrichment capacity is from Russia right now in our country and so this has spurred an interest from us in identifying ways to secure and improve the capacity for our fuel supply not just for that 5% enriched uranium but also that 20% high assay low enriched uranium which has the unique challenge of having only one commercial scale supplier in the world which is in Russia and recognizing Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the relationship in which Russia has weaponized energy supply chains across the board we in the United States are taking this as an opportunity to invest in our fuel supply chain and we really hope that in the coming years we will see an expansion not just in the United States but with our allies and partners around the world that can be trusted to be part of that fuel supply chain we are investing in improved enrichment and conversion capacity particularly right now we have from the inflation reduction act $700 million allocated to my office to improve the fuel supply chain for high assay low enriched uranium required for these advanced reactors relying on these advanced fuel technologies and that will be used to spur a really expansion of our enrichment capability we also broadly have a uranium strategy that we hope to have funded through work with our congress that should also help to improve the robustness of our global low enriched uranium supply with ourselves and our partners and allies so you know this really comes back to energy security to Russia's invasion of Ukraine but also to the technology that we've been able to develop in support of these advanced reactors what indeed is something that is not so frequently discussed in public for like this but as you can see from what you said is key for the development of the future of the sector in the United States and abroad talking about the future Mohammed if I can turn back to you again you have a yes do you, I mean we see that the cycle of Baraka in terms of coming to fruition is almost complete so how does the nuclear future for the Emirates look like consolidation of that looking into new areas development of human capacities looking at modularity what's in your mind thank you for that question if I may just take one point at a certain level then I will answer your question so globally today if we look at the energy consumption all countries will consume high-density energy per capita the number of GDP around $2,000 where people start consuming more energy and it peaks until around $20,000 per GDP where the number grows 10 times and if I can use an example South Korea is a good example of that when the GDP went from $2,000 to $20,000 the energy consumption per capita went 10 times more and if we talk about the countries who are between the $2,000 and $20,000 the population of the world is around $700 million so we have another $4 billion waiting in the pipeline to go and the GDP to grow and the energy consumption to grow more and more and more looking at that globally we have $4 billion who will need more energy that we need to think about so if I can take that to your e-perspective we've created a resilient energy source sources with possible renewable energy and nuclear and your specific questions on the nuclear we've focused a lot of effort and human capital development to develop people who will operate and maintain those reactors for the next 6 years plus and we've been doing this in full collaboration with the IEA with nations like US and others and WANU and that's helping us to develop a counter of key people who will operate and maintain those core plants for decades to come now after finishing the 4 units what's their mission and that's a great question I would say the sky is the limit for us to be involved in the civilian nuclear industry and I would say also a reliable partner when it comes to energy sources UAE is doing a great at that front and we do invest seriously in heavily to be able to be part of that net zero targets with investing and working in collaboration with automations or SMR advanced reactors, hydrogen and these are targets that we are putting in our 2050 net zero so as I said, sky is the limit we look forward for collaboration with nations and with the IEA and working jointly, collaborating together we can do a lot we are also looking at investment opportunities in Europe and other countries and the conventional reactors also advanced reactors so we have the capabilities we've done it in the country we're delivering it to high standards on budget on time we're looking for the world to share our experience and knowledge in the short term and collaborate with advanced reactors in the medium to the neutral thank you very much very inspiring indeed to see that that mission is not reaching out it's continuing in a certain sense Wano came together as a result of a traumatic experience but that allowed the industry like you were saying to work covertively setting aside competition looking at what unites you do you see areas where Wano is going to be focusing more in the future is it going to be safety security is it going to be helping operators venture into modularity are you thinking strategically in these terms or do you concentrate on doing what you do doing it in a more rigorous and meticulous way and continuing on this path well it's clear that we are in facing a new era of nuclear where we will have new technologies coming out SMRs has been it's a whole topic everywhere there will be other technologies probably coming online as well and we must realize that specifically for SMRs the operators might not be conventional utilities anymore it could be the mining industry in remote areas where there is no national grid connection could be a factory factory somewhere and operating the nuclear plant is not that poor business so we stand ready to welcome every operator of any technology they are operating to become members of Wano and from the moment you join as a member you get access to all the information we have collected over the years we also have specific programs in place to support new units and new entrants first I would say due to the great efforts of IEA preparing the nation to embark on a nuclear journey once there is a project in place we encourage these projects to join Wano and I think that's the experience from the Emirates which was very early to join Wano I think has benefited from the membership to the support and we are ready to support anyone who is thinking about the nuclear project and we have one important publication in place which is called Roadmap to Operational Readiness and that documents describe the whole journey from preparing the project until commercial operation and we have gathered the experiences very much from UAE but from other projects and this is a living document where we collect all the recent experiences to help these projects to transfer from a project state to an operational phase because that's one of the biggest challenges and conducting a nuclear project with project management is one thing but to operate a plant safely and reliably is completely another challenge and we are there to bridge this phase from the first phase to the second phase and again, I can only encourage all those who are thinking about embarking on a nuclear project think about the benefits of being a member of the world community of nuclear operators and that is one of them Indeed, indeed, that is very true Mr. Bakowski these important announcements that you were referring to and everybody of course from the IEA who were following that with great interest that were made seem to point to a program, very ambitious program of large nuclear reactors is Poland also thinking about modularity and we see for example that in general in the world there is a lot of talk about having SMRs coupled with a balance of plant of old cold plants that is the model that is in development in the United States for example which seems to be very promising is that part of your ideas? Thanks, this is indeed a very good question and we were not that bold to announce the three parts to follow we have two parts to follow now what I just told you the state part and the private part and to be very frank we've been looking at SMRs for the past years as we all did in part as we've been trying okay, looming on the horizon but not there yet but we hope once again as you've been discussing with Fatih just at the very beginning the push towards nuclear nowadays may mean that we will have a huge leap in development and you may see the SMRs really with us closer than further and that's why when we've been revunking our problems recently we have as well been once again returned to the positive thinking about the small models the thing is the Wachuga and Wachuga just said put them closer to where the real needs are this will be of utmost importance say for example from the point of view of the electrical grid we instead of constant investments in the grid what we have I think a little bit overslap in Europe at least if we make this leap forward and we'll have for example a small module and a huge fertilizers facility produced in Poland then we will be twice as likely as we are now so definitely we are back with the positive thinking about modules this is something our companies are coming with the ideas from the government saying jump on the closer as well so we put our warm thoughts thank you very much that was very clear we are coming to the close of this of this panel but I would still like to offer each one of you a minute for a final thought something you would have liked me to ask you something you would have you would like to say it this first panel at the first ever nuclear pavilion at the COPK first short and conversation very interesting to hear from some of you I think the thing that I think about a lot is precisely this kind of fit for purpose deployment of reactors maybe at a coal plant maybe for desalination maybe for the production of hydrogen perhaps at point near the location where you might make hydrogen turn it into ammonia fertilizer then use it in a field you know I really see a huge amount of decarbonization in the non-electric sector from nuclear because it produces thermal energy as its primary energy and there are very few scalable sources of clean hot heat and advanced reactors can get up to this 800 degrees celsius or similar the just ordinary light water reactors have incredibly useful steam in the United States we have a very small amount of districting but that small amount of districting is all fossils and I think we really look out at the international world and we see a lot more opportunity for nuclear power to produce that very valuable thermal heat as a primary source and never forget the gigawatt electric reactor is actually 3 gigawatts thermal that conversion when we take that incredibly valuable heat and turn it into electricity isn't even the most efficient way we could be using nuclear and I really hope that we can all recognize the role that that can play to help renewables along in an area that will be very hard for renewables alone to decarbonize so I think about that a lot absolutely that's very interesting talk about your final thoughts first of all for us in the UAE we are enjoying the benefit of nuclear recently we've been operating over reactors for the last few years and it's great for us to be able to reduce our carbon footprint and enjoy this technology that will provide 25% electricity for the UAE that said now the challenge ahead of all of us in this panel and people who are also listening the target by 2050 is to double the current capacity of nuclear technology so we need to think about supply chain human capital development investment in the supergenities I would encourage everybody in the UAE we made a bold decision to make it happen I would encourage everybody to work in a collaborative manner to make this happen under the leadership guidance of the IA and internationally collaborating together thank you for that IA final thoughts I would like to focus more on the human aspect of this industry I've been involved in the industry for 30 years worked mostly in Sweden for many many years the last 10 years maybe internationally and I've understood first of all this industry has so many fantastic people working and it's such a friendly atmosphere wherever you go in the world you're welcome as a nuclear professional we speak sort of a common language which is unique secondly this industry offers so many opportunities for the next generation and I believe we need also to focus on fostering the next generation leaders in this industry because middle aged meant like me we are retiring and need to be replaced soon so I'm encouraging that we also attract talents to the industry in a diverse manner age diversity gender diversity cultural diversity and all aspects of diversity because we need all the talent we can get and we need a welcoming attitude to all new young talents to join this industry because we need looking out some young people we need your desperately for the future that's very appropriate and of course Sebastian for your last thoughts about what we discussed today the plans all these enthusiasm coming from Poland yes thanks I think I will just start when you both ended human factor enthusiasm needed for each endeavor and labor you need will, you need resources and you need capabilities resources you cover but the will the will of the society in this and this is extremely important in case of country ideal based in case of Poland we are extremely lucky that notwithstanding the Chernobyl disaster notwithstanding the Fukushima and notwithstanding the recent shelling of the Ukrainian infrastructure the support for nuclear in Poland is constant at 70 plus percent but we need to keep all our societies in Poland, in the European Union worldwide really enthusiastic about nuclear we like to think in Poland about the climate transformation in terms of just transition and the just transition is in the first place for the citizens it's not the endeavor for the business it's not the endeavor for the politicians it's for the society, it's for the future so with the enthusiasm with the human factor in the broad terms we will be lucky to have the nuclear with us as a net zero source for the stable future but thank you very much I don't know you but I enjoyed really enjoyed this conversation and when you think about it the biggest nuclear nation the once newcomer but no longer and well established an old and wise nation taking the plan the leader of the operators all together here at this nuclear pavilion I think it is the best example of what this community can do for this lofty goal of having a decarbonized economy thank you very much I hope you continue enjoying events here and elsewhere it was great to see you and thank you all, give it for them please


So around a year ago. I read the promise of blood which is the first book in the powder mage trilogy and I thought it was Decent, you know, I I didn't particularly like it, but there were parts of it I liked but overall it would just it sort of fell flat for me I didn't get the hype, but I just read the Crimson campaign Which is the sequel after people were you know nagging at me about it and tell him Oh, just no keep reading it gets better and now honestly, I get it. I I get the hype. This is a really good series This is the introduction song. It's not very good, but it's not too long In a lot of ways this book is kind of a perfect sequel because it keeps all of the stuff that I really liked about the first one Or most of it anyways, and it fixes most of the problems I had Yeah, I know that's not a whole lot of detail there, but you know, this is just the intro So let's keep going. This book starts up right after the last one ended So Taniel has apparently killed Kressamir, but the Kez are still going to war with Adro So Tamas is Leading the fight against them. Taniel is kind of in a drug-induced stupor at the beginning and Atomat his family is still they've still been kidnapped So he's got to go rescue him and just like the last book the plot mostly just follows these three characters And they're all kind of doing their own thing so that their storylines are somewhat disconnected But they are also more connected than they were in the last book because there is some sort of big conspiracy within Adro That they all see different faces of they do they see different aspects of it and interact with the conspiracy in different ways So they don't feel like just separate stories within the same book They do feel like one story and I think that's a very good thing I think that's a very big improvement from the first book because in the first one Yeah, the three plot lines did feel kind of disconnected at times another thing that I think is really really great is that the pacing in this sort of a Seasaws I guess like man, I don't know if that's a good word for it But it sort of goes back and forth like when one story is Kind of slowed down and it needs you know It's taken time to just catch its breath The other ones are going more fast-paced and have more stuff happening and it goes back and forth like this so that There's never really a point where things aren't happening like there's always something happening in at least one plot line But at the same time it never feels like things are going too quick or that there's not enough time to really figure out What's going on it? There's always moments of calm and there's always moments where stuff is going on and you're at the edge of your seat So I I think that's actually a really impressive feat that Brian McClellan was able to pull off with this book So the pacing in this is just about perfect. You can get through it pretty quickly even though It's a really long book at least I got through it fairly quickly. Let's get a little more specific though So Tomas's story follows him Actually after a battle at the beginning of the book goes wrong and He's winds up stranded in Kez with a couple thousand soldiers And so he winds up having to sort of go around them while being pursued by them and that's Basically his plot line throughout the whole book It's a a little more complicated than that at the end but for the most part is pretty simple and straightforward and I Did like it, but I never really I Feel like there was a missed opportunity with Tomas's military genius or his supposed military genius at least and I'll get a little more into this in the spoiler section But I just never really got the feeling that he was this genius that he'd been built up as Adamat's story is more complicated because again, he's trying to rescue his family He's trying to find out where they are and then he has to save them and that's Requires him to go around and do a bunch of Well side quests, I guess is one way of putting it So that he has all the allies and the resources that he needs to do it and while I don't think that would be great on its Own all the development that Adamat goes through Makes it work really well because in the last book. I don't think he had all that much personality Beyond just being you know smart, but in this one. We really do feel for him. We feel how How much he loves his family? How much he loves his wife? How much he loves his kids and we don't want anything bad to happen to them, so There's a lot of tension whenever he's doing anything really and that makes this plotline work really really well and then of course there's Taniel and his is In some ways it's the weakest but in other ways It's definitely the strongest because at the beginning I liked it because it gives some give some insight into the political situation in adro, which I think has been kind of neglected in these books to be honest and The end is really good for some of the same reasons but also just because we're really seeing More up close and personal we're getting a more up close and personal look at Cressimir and what's going on with the Kez and Taniel is also just you know doing cool shit. He's being a badass, so that's cool, but there is a dip in the middle and That part I mean like I said it didn't bother me too much because even when his storyline isn't great Then Adamat and Tomas is are really good But it still does go on for a while where his when the his parts of the chapters come up I just I wasn't bored necessarily, but I wasn't that interested in him Seeing the conspiracy because like I said there is a conspiracy in adro and Tomas suspects pretty early on that There are people in the general staff of the army that are that are traitors But he doesn't do a whole lot of investigating. It's mostly just I think people are traitors and then he continues fighting and it's It could have been done a lot better but what saves it is that Taniel goes through a lot of really really good character development and His is actually a lot better than Adamats because Adamats is you know, he's a fairly simple character overall And he's likable. Don't get me wrong. It's just there's not all that much to him And I think Tomas is kind of the same I'll get to him a little bit more in a minute, but I think Taniel of the three is definitely the most relatable and Definitely the most nuanced see in the last one He was definitely having some issues with addiction like he was becoming addicted to gunpowder and becoming dependent on it And he also seemed to be suffering from a little bit of depression and at the beginning of this one He is getting that even worse and he also seems to have some mild PTSD thrown on top of that because hey He saw a God and he thinks he killed him You find out pretty early on that Cressimir is still alive, but he thinks he killed a God and he saw some nasty shit So at the very beginning of the book, he's been on a Bender for like a week and a half I think and When you see him in this drug den you're thinking wow, he has fallen really far I want to see how he'll build himself back up how he'll get back to being normal but it just sort of goes away after that like his His addiction doesn't seem to bother him in the slightest and that's uh, I Mean that was disappointing. I would have liked to see him actually have to overcome that but I mean I Guess they just didn't want it to be a focus of the story But if they didn't want it to be a focus then they probably shouldn't have brought it up in the first place There's also the fact that he's kind of scared shitless by all this stuff that's happening around him But he is still rising to the occasion.  I buy them as friends and I definitely feel that Kapol Has romantic feelings towards him even though she never talks like you can definitely tell just through her actions I I just didn't really buy him Being into her it was I just thought that was weird not to mention that when she's pursuing him throughout this book It and I mean I get it I get that that's a common thing in Fantasy especially like a man is just not interested in a woman or he's trying to convince himself that he's not but she's still pursuing him and Going after him until eventually his willpower breaks down and he admits like okay. I'm totally into her but Kapol's actions border on sexual harassment at times Like like for real because there's a point where she gets on a horse That like they're both gonna ride on a horse and she gets on and forces him to go behind her So he has to put his arms around her and she sort of like leans back against his chest and stuff And I'm like Daniel you need to contact HR because she needs to have a stern talking to that's just kind of Like come on girl You're not supposed to do that and then there's the matter of the laundress from the first book Who I don't even think I mentioned in my first review just because she's Kind of a side character in that book and in this one She has a little bit more of a role But she does still feel kind of pointless until like near the end where they're they're clearly building her up as You know some sort of person that's gonna become really important later But also, I don't know exactly how and there's not a whole lot of foreshadowing to that effect. So most of her focus in this book as well as in the last one just feels more like She's Viewing events from a different angle, which don't get me wrong. That's fine. It's just that she's not a particularly interesting complex character, so I just Yeah, I don't know.  They're Transitioning from a monarchy into a republic and like I'd like to know okay Where did they get that idea because like in the real world like the French Revolution? which this is pretty clearly based off of republics had existed for thousands of years before that and I just I mean I just feel like there's an opportunity missed there Like you could have gone into some more history of the world and you could have had some more infighting between the Factions that still wanted a republic, but they wanted it to be slightly different or something I just I just feel like there's a missed opportunity there But you know, it's it's still a good world building overall or still good world building overall I don't feel like re-recording that whole take so we're just gonna stick with that There's also the matter of the pros in this book now a little over a week ago I saw Daniel Greene's review of uncanny collateral, which is also written by Brian Maclellan and in that he complains that Maclellan's writing is a little too straightforward like there's no pizzazz to it. There's no poetry to it and I have to disagree with that I think that the straightforward nature really really works well for a book of this type like it prevents things from getting too confusing or too what's the word off-putting for new readers and Honestly, I just I'm not a big fan of like purple pros in general So that works for me and I think it works great for the action scenes as well because that's just Straightforward, you know, you just know what's going on if you liked the first book then you'll definitely like this one if you are like me and you didn't like the first book then I would still check this one out because I really do feel like it fixes the majority of the problems I had and if you haven't read either of the of the first two books then Well, if you're into more modern non-traditional fantasy or at least fantasy where Certain aspects of the story and some of the characters and the world building aren't really traditional then I would definitely check this one out because you'll probably like this and Now we're gonna go into the spoiler corner So if you don't want to have that happen then you should leave now The only really big spoiler that I want to talk about here is Tomas's battle with Prince beyond about halfway through the book So the thing is that when Tomas got trapped in Kez and he and a couple thousand men had to you know Go around the mountains They were pursued by about two or three times their number in cavalry and the thing is that his men were mostly infantry and he had His entire powder mage cabal with him and no cavalry or artillery or privilege or anything But the people pursuing them also don't seem to have any privilege with them That's a mages if you forgot privileged are like regular, you know fire lightning mages all that And so for a couple of weeks they're on a super hard march through the forests and everything and then they reach a river which has a bridge going across it and This is really the area where Tomas is Strategic genius or tactical genius. Excuse me could have been shown off a lot like he could have come up with some sort of cunning battle plan to destroy the their pursuers and then get them to safety, but He really doesn't now let me explain they reach a river which has a whole bunch of flat land around it so what they do is He sends a bunch of men ahead and has them actually destroy the bridge And then he tells the other men that yeah, it was swept away. So we're stuck here. We have to fight and right off the bat that Just doesn't make any sense Because while it might sound kind of cool on paper to like have to force your men to fight like Offer them no retreat and they'll fight their hardest that is pretty stupid It really doesn't make any sense like one if your men found out about that They probably would have mutinied and to you never ever want to put all of your eggs into one basket like that You want to leave a line of retreat open?  Yes, but in Napoleonic warfare if there's just Infantry then they're probably going to beat cavalry Because the thing is back then they had these things called this formation called an infantry square And I'll see if I can find some decent pictures of it But basically what it was was that the infantry would get into you know a square And they'd all have their guns with their bayonets pointed out and the thing is that when they were in that formation The horses would not charge at their line It would just ride around them which would allow the infantry to shoot at them until Eventually they shot either the horse or the rider and so they just would not be able to attack them that way But the thing is that if the cavalry was supported by infantry or artillery which were shooting at the squares Then well the soldiers would have had to break out of that formation. Otherwise they'd get killed So in this situation Tomas and his men do have a pretty significant advantage as long as they have time to get into formation They will absolutely decimate all the cavalry that come at them and as far as I'm aware They didn't have any privilege or anything with them And they didn't have any powder mages certainly and Tomas had a bunch of powder mages So they had multiple advantages and Tomas just made this really Unnecessarily complex plan which had a lot of risks to it and it just got a lot of his men killed So what I'm getting at is that he really just does not come across as any sort of genius in this and that's a pretty big Disappointment because I actually was looking forward to reading that sort of thing and again with Faye Like at the very end of the book it reveals that she is a privilege and not only that but she can use magic without using gloves, which is I Mean, I guess that's kind of cool, but it's never really foreshadowed in any way, and I'm not quite sure What it's gonna mean going forward so She's still not that interesting, but that's about everything I don't have much else to add So if you like the powder mage, then definitely check out this next book and If you came this far then be sure to like you know comment and like and subscribe and Check out my patreon page and my discord and you know all all that stuff I'm supposed to say at the end here. Bye


Hey everyone, welcome back for more XoZero's content. Today's video we're going to discuss my hero guide for Seowa. We're going to discuss her stats, skills, playability, my recommended garden stones, synergy with other heroes, overall rating, and my final thoughts. Before that, if you want to see more XoZero's content, please hit the subscribe button down below. So here we are at the Seowa's hero profile. So she hails from the nation Vagabond, the newest nation that we have. So she is a light elemental hero. Her position is support and her attack type is magical. So also if you can notice, she is tagged here as age 14. I've seen a lot of comments regarding her age and a lot of people don't believe she's 14 compared to the other heroes that are within her age group. So me as well, she's too mature for 14. She's too mature looking for 14. But anyway, let's give her the benefit of the doubt. She has high HP and she has average dodge. And for her weakness, she has below average attack, below average defense, low hit, below average crit hit, below average block, and low attack speed. So if you notice, she has a lot of low stats or below average stats. So that's actually okay because most of the stats that she will be needing will be HP and dodge. So we go to her skills and her skill preview. So for her passive, she has first aid 3. So grants heal 100% of attack to an ally, they take damage, and their health drops to 20%. So gain mana if the caster's health, it has 20%. And the other one is gain mana if the caster's health is at 70% or more when triggered. So her only passive here is spring wind. When effected by Master's footsteps, the caster grants an effect that increases nullify heal immunity and heal regeneration by 100% to all allies or also effected by Master's footsteps. So in short, you have to bring smith because Master's footsteps is given by smith because I think the reason why smith can give this to you because smith has to have the highest defense. So he has to have the highest defense so that he could give everyone Master's footsteps. So again, in playing Seowa, you really need to bring smith. You cannot maximize her if you don't bring smith. Also for spring wind, increases nullify heal. So when a character or a boss gives you nullify heal, she nullifies nullify heal. So she cancels it out. And also the one good thing about this passive is the health regeneration by 100% to all allies who are effected by Master's footsteps. So again, she's pretty good, but there's always a bot here. She needs to be paired with smith when you bring her. Let's move on to her S1. So for her S1, heals all allies by 34% of own maximum health, cleanses all debuffs and damage over time effects from allies. So this is a very good scale because it scales on her HP. As I've said, it's good that she has high HP because once you scale that further, this also scales up because 30% of all, it's a percentage of her total or max HP. So the higher the HP, the bigger, what do you call this, the bigger heal that you could give your allies. So it's called Sky Butterfly. It requires three mana and also take note it's a burst skill. So anything, any mana that you have over three actually gives additional heal to your allies. So for her S2, it's called Wind Dance. So required is four mana, so it's an attack skill, so deals 255% damage to all enemies. So again, a very good skill, an AOE skill for a healer or a support unit. So let's take a look at her skills. So her S1, actually my comment for this skill is she, it's kind of long. I've seen this skill already. The animations is kind of long and but it's actually very, very nice, very, very well produced and will proceed to her S2. This as well is actually longer than her S1. So very good, very good, very good animation for her and very long as well. Okay guys, just a friendly reminder. If you haven't subscribed yet to my channel, you belong to the 10% that usually views my channel but hasn't subscribed yet. So please support and subscribe to my channel. We're here now in Sayowa's Playability. So she is playable in your PvP main and your PvP tag as long as you bring Schmidt with her. So for PvE, she is actually good, she will be good in the chapters because Light is one of the things that we need in completing the chapters. She will be good in Holy Dragon Grounds for Light Day with Schmidt again and she will be good as well with your squadron battle again as long as you bring Schmidt. So she is pretty much tied to Schmidt her whole life. So anyway, we don't have a choice, that is the mechanic of her skill and her passive. So for her recommended Garden Stones, I would actually recommend two sets only. The first one, I would recommend your nature set effect and you can actually awaken her with nature set because in the end she would be given a max of 2000 HP and plus she'll be given a plus 12 for dodge rate which is not bad. But the one set that I would recommend would be your fire set effect in which initially she'll be given a total damage reduction but once you awaken her, she will be given a maximum of plus 5000 HP. So for her synergy with other heroes, so again her biggest synergy would be Schmidt for Spring Wind her passive. She will not really be useful to you without Schmidt so might as well if you have her, it's also important that you level up Schmidt because you will need him as well in a team with her. Once you have her with him, she is actually a very good character. Also you should pair her with heroes that increase HP to further enhance her healing and to further enhance her survivability. So for her overall rating, 1 being the lowest and 5 being the highest, so for her stats I would rate her a 3 again because she only has 2 strength and 2 good stats which is her dodge and her HP, the rest are below average or even low. But her 2 good stats are the ones that she really needs. That is why I put her at a 3, I didn't put her at a 2. Next would be her playability and content. So I gave her a 4 because she is actually versatile in the content, she could bring her as a healer and as a support but again provided she is always accompanied by Schmidt. It's like Schmidt is her guardian because she's still a minor so she has to be accompanied by Schmidt. So for her synergy, I gave her a 3 because she is actually dependent so much on Schmidt. So that is why I gave her a 3 and also she will be dependent on enhancing her HP with other heroes to further bolster her skill. So for my final thoughts, so her stats are on the low side but her 2 important stats again, her HP and dodge are very good and she is dependent on Schmidt to fully maximize her skills. She my guess is if Schmidt and her carve out a piece in the meta, I think they could be a very good pair together. Also if you pair the duo with a weak and zeon, the 3 would be very good, much better if you put them together. Anyway guys that concludes my video, let me know what you think in the comments below. Y'all stay safe and I'll see you in the next video, Guardian out.


Over the years, anesthesia has become safer, but surgical morbidity and mortality have barely budged. One of the most persistent challenges is acute kidney injury, or AKI, which occurs in 20-40% of high-risk surgical patients. Writing in the journal Anesthesiology, researchers from the University of Texas review the latest progress in understanding and treating perioperative AKI. Prior to 2004, there were more than 35 definitions of AKI. A more formalized classification system known as Rifle created a standard definition. Since then, other systems have emphasized small changes in serum creatinine. And since 2012, the primary system has been kidney disease-improving global outcomes. AKI is most common in cardiac surgery, but is also frequently observed in thoracic, orthopedic, and vascular surgeries. Risk factors include advanced age, high blood pressure, diabetes, and being African American. Increasingly, it has become clear that AKI isn't limited to the kidney. Instead, it's a multifaceted systemic disease process that can cause problems elsewhere in the body, including the liver, brain, heart, lungs, and immune system. Some studies have also shown that AKI can harm the intestines. Kidney damage triggers paneth cells located at the bottom of the intestinal crypts to release pro-inflammatory cytokines that can break down the intestinal barrier. This allows bacteria to enter the bloodstream and set off a potentially fatal cascade of inflammation. Diagnosis of AKI has long depended on measurements of serum creatinine and urine output, which are easy to obtain and specific to the kidney. However, with surgery, urine output is often decreased, making this less informative for perioperative AKI. Similarly, creatinine levels don't rise until the filtration rate has already decreased by half, which often doesn't happen until the second day after surgery. To more quickly identify AKI, researchers are investigating a variety of novel biomarkers that appear earlier in the disease process. However, as of yet, none have convincingly proved their worth. To date, treatment options for AKI are limited to renal replacement therapy. Current evidence does not support N-acetylcysteine, statins, or other supplements to treat or prevent the disease. One experimental strategy is ischemic preconditioning in which a patient is treated to short periods of ischemia usually from a blood pressure cuff around the arm. Some studies have shown an effect, but others have not. To learn more about the latest on AKI, including more about ongoing research, check out the entire review today.