Welcome everybody, I'm Julia Martin from the Australian Research Data Comments and thank you for joining today's webinar where Dr Adrian Burton and Shada Havadi will present an overview of the public sector to research sector bridges program. It's also an opportunity for you to ask questions. I'd like to acknowledge the Ngunnawal people who are the traditional custodians of Canberra country where I am today and I pay respect to the elders of the Ngunnawal nation both past and present. I also extend this respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in attendance today. Just a bit of housekeeping, during the webinar you will be muted and note that the webinar is being recorded and as mentioned there will be time for questions after the presentation so please add your questions into the pod as they arise. Now I'll hand over to Adrian and Shada. Hi everyone, I'll just go over a couple of the background slides and then we'll hand over to Shada Havadi who's the program manager for this program. This program comes to you through the ARDC, the Australian Research Data Commons. We have a wide range of things that are offered as both service and infrastructure and partnerships, everything from policy and governance and through to software development and platforms. We have storage and compute infrastructure as well as services, information services and data programs. This particular program is one of our data programs and the general context for the ARDC is NCRIS which is a government program, the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy and ARDC is one of the programs within NCRIS. This particular program, the Public Sector to Research Sector Bridges Program is a partnership program from our point of view. We're co-investing in building these bridges between the public sector and the research sector. We have a number of programs of co-investment programs in this area and that whole initiative is called the ARDC National Data Assets Initiative. I recommend if you're interested in this that you have a look on our website at the National Data Assets Initiative that will give you the full context for this program. What we're trying to do in this particular program is just really create that nice bridge between the collaboration between the public sector and research sector. The public sector data is an absolutely critical input into research and this program is trying to improve the access arrangements and the particular interfaces for the research sector. We do have a special process in this program which we don't have in our other programs which is a kind of matchmaking and brokering process where not all public sector organizations will be aware of all the different research organizations that might be interested in their data and vice versa. Some research sector people may not know the exact contacts in the public sector for the data that they're trying to work with so there is a special kind of brokering process as part of our expression of interest. I sent you that the context for this program is the National Data Assets. These are six different programs. This particular one is really focused in on the public sector, research sector interface but there are other programs with different focus. The idea of creating national data assets comes from the Encriss program. The spirit of Encriss really is to create nationally significant assets or facilities and services that support leading edge research. The basis of the Encriss and of ARDC is this policy document, the National Research Infrastructure Roadmap that kind of governs what we do. Data is considered as national research infrastructure. Some of those infrastructure programs are to do with instruments or facilities but data itself is one of the components of national research infrastructure. We know that data availability and data sharing is part of the Australian government's plural policy settings that data sharing as a component of government infrastructure has been underlined by the Productivity Commission and by Prime Minister and Cabinet in a number of Australian government initiatives and similar initiatives at the different states. One sense, we are assuming that the different research, the different public sector organisations have some kind of an underpinning capability to make data available and share data in general terms as part of the new mandate that comes with the information age and changes in society where the access to data is part of a society-wide expectation. In order to do that baseline data management, we do have ARDC services and capabilities that I talked about in that first slide that can help in just the normal baseline activity of data sharing. This particular program is slightly different and it's a focus on extending public sector capacity to provide specific research sector requirements, to respond to specific research sector requirements. So from a boring kind of accounting point of view, this is not shifting money from the research part of government to the other operational parts of government to do the normal data sharing. This is a specific extra piece of work where research sector requirements require the public sector agencies to go to some extra step and we're considering that extra step is part of the national research infrastructure and that's why we're co-investing in this program. Let's come to some of the background. I will now pass over to Shada Hadavi who's the program manager for this program to go through some of the details. So in this program at a glance, the aim that we have is to extend or improve the public sector data to be able to support the leading edge research. For the participants, we encourage collaboration but we need at least one research organization and one public sector to be involved in this project actively. And for the funding, ARDC will invest up to $350,000 per project and we are estimating that the projects will start in the fourth quarter of this year and they can be up to two and a half years. The expression of interest phase which is open at this moment is open until 29th of June after which they would be followed by a request for proposal phase which is open from mid-August to mid-September and the request for proposal phase is the competitive stage where there would be much more questions on the projects in mind. Next slide. So the activities that are scoping this program are to implement data standards, to extend existing collections within the public sector or to develop interfaces to provide access to the data, to establish new governance policy or access arrangements to the data or to connect the data set with research infrastructure, analytical tools, platforms or other modeling environments. Next. So we have a few prerequisites. So as I said, we need to have at least one research organization involved. We need at least one public sector department or agency. And the public sector should already have the baseline data management and data availability. So we do not support generation of new data from the beginning if there is no data already in the public sector. And we do need formal support from both of the research organization and the public sector. However, if at the stage of the EOI, the formal support is not there, that's quite alright. The bridging process that I will explain the next slide if you can pass. So in the bridging process, if you are a research organization or you are a public sector organization that has the data, but you do not have all the parties involved, you can use the contact us form on our webpage, contact us and say, I have this idea, but I do not have partners. We will get in touch with you and help you to find the correct partners for this project. You can alternatively even submit your idea using the UI form. And then in the UI form, you can, there is a place where you can indicate that you don't have all the partners already formally support the project. If we have such an UI submission, we will again reach out to you and we will do our best to help you find the right partners. But by the time that you're submitting your proposal, you expect that you have found all the partners. So at the UI stage, you will be involved with you to help you find the right partners and we will be involved in bridging process. But why the request for proposal phase if you still have not got the formal support from the research organization or the public sector, you cannot proceed. Next. So for the selection criteria, the aim basically has to be that you improve public sector data or its access management, that you would demonstrate the purpose for the proposed data asset by how it will enable new research, new insights or impact beyond research, that you would have identified the beneficiaries. And we would prefer if you have them as project partners in advisory board, in committee or any several other roles that we will propose, that you would have a plan to have this data asset as an ongoing national research infrastructure. And this year, we do not have a mandatory co-investment for our project, but the level of co-investment is still counted as one of the selection criteria in this program. Next. So I think we have covered all the details of the program. Adrian, I hand it back to you. OK. Now, we're coming towards the end of this. So if you do have any questions, there is a question pod, I believe, in the controls there if you'd like to just note any questions down and we'll get to those questions in just a few minutes. All right. So now kind of summing up as to what the objectives of this, what we're doing here, we're trying to make that bridge. This is a diagram that's been adapted from the National Infrastructure Roadmap. What we're trying to do here is get that connection between the public sector data and the national research infrastructure. We think by the combination of public sector data with the research sector value add of modeling analysis tools, et cetera, that moving off towards the right, we can actually really create some very important sort of environmental, social, economic impacts. We should also just underline that in this diagram between the public sector and the national research infrastructure, we're hoping that there's a quite an important self-interest for the public sector partners in that if we can make available through this program, I'll just take an example, information on the health system or the education system and that can be coupled up to modeling environments from the research sector that we should be able to, that one of the key beneficiaries could, should be the public sector organizations themselves with access, public sector policy officers, for example, could be able to get access to this national research infrastructure to do their own modeling and come up with better public policy. They could be having long-term partnerships with research organizations on the basis of the data and the value add research infrastructure so that the public sector organizations are getting benefiting from research sector analysis and in the end, we're getting better public policy and of course we want also economic and environmental and other social impacts but I just underlined that I think in the very first instance there could be a very nice virtuous circle here that the public sector data is made available in a more specific way to the research sector and then the research sector can provide value add specifically back to the public sector in terms of better analysis and background for public policy. So just to readdress there, sum up on the project program objectives, we are coming at it from a research sector point of view. We think that one of the benefits here is that I'm sure public sector agencies get all sorts of people tapping them on the shoulder saying we're interested in data. This process should be able to provide some priority requirements from a larger group of researchers in a more coherent and coordinated way. The third point there, it will also give us a good two-year period to work together in a coordinated and aligned way to build up some much more serious collaboration between the two sectors other than what could be done by trying to coordinate activities that just come from the normal administration of public sector and the normal research. These are projects that will bring the two partners together in a much more formal way and allow a better long-term goals to be delivered. And then again as I said the last thing we're actually hoping that through this synergy here that we will be able to improve public policy administration and service delivery through that there's the leverage and symbiosis between the two sectors. So I think that's all we want to say as far as in way of background. I think the next part of the session is questions. So I believe we already have some questions there. What's going to happen is that Julia will read them out and then we'll answer those. So if there's anything on your mind go to the little control panel find the the question section and just type your questions in there. Thanks Adrian. Questions do we have there? The first question we have is can current Enquist facilities be the research partner? So yes the Enquist facilities can count as the research partner together with universities, a publicly funded research organization and medical research institute all four would count as research partners. Thanks Shadda. Next question says you said there are six related grant schemes. How do I know if this is the right scheme versus some of the others if I don't yet have a public sector partner? So if the question so if you want to work with the data that exists in a public sector in creating a data asset this might be the correct program for you. If you do not have the the only problem to you if you know the data exists but you don't have the correct contact you can reach out to us and we will help you to find the correct partner. But if your doubt is beyond this not having the right contact you can afterwards use the contact form to reach out to us and we will arrange for the meeting to give you an overview on other programs and we can invite the other program managers to be also there so you can explain the idea that you have in mind and we can guide you which might be the correct program for you. And there is a intentional overlap between some of our programs of course in some of our other programs we are expecting public sector and research sector to be working together in all sorts of different ways. This program we've allocated it's a portfolio approach we've allocated particular programs to have particular focuses so that by the end of our this whole and the whole data assets initiative we will be sure that we've covered off a number of important areas so that's why we've cordoned off this program here to make sure that by the end of all of this we will have improved the interaction between the public sector and research sector because we see that as a really strategic priority. So in one sense this is a program where we've really restricted the eligibility and the criteria so that we really try and make a difference in this area. In all our other programs of course having public sector partners is is quite encouraged and really you could use those other programs if you have any doubts as to which program you should be in then just contact somebody at ARDC and we're happy to to listen to what your idea is and give you some advice on which of those might be the best. Thanks Sergio next question does the project have to result in nationally available data or can it be on the pathway there? So we do want a national data asset this doesn't mean that data has to be openly available to to everybody but it does mean that there has to be correct licensing on who can access the data so there has to be correct metadata nationally available but that doesn't mean that data itself has to be openly available on a national level but so we called a national data asset a data asset that everybody would know how they can access the data and has correct metadata defined for it and it respects all fair guidelines. Adrian do you want to answer that? Yeah and this is a nice example of the previous question we actually have another program which is specifically called Emerging Collections and that's again in its portfolio approach we didn't want just the only the strongest collections just to get stronger and stronger by more and more investment we actually have a pathway there'll be a call in October this year for the emerging collections thing and that's exactly for that kind of thing where we can see the potential but you know the the work that needs to you know the output of the first project is to create the collaboration create the governance you know start the pathways and the pipelines for the data but not necessarily you know have a mature data asset in this program we don't have any criteria that would that would make it easy for a non-specific data asset to actually score well because one of the you know the criteria are that people can access the data so if it's I think the words you use there were pathway it doesn't need to be settled at the time of your application but by the time that the end of the project is there we would definitely expect the data to be available shader said it doesn't need to be open it needs to be fair and needs to be accessible in an appropriate way but in this project in this program we wouldn't accept the endpoint of the project saying okay we're now we've now established a pathway or a framework or something like that we would want to see some actual data being made available by the end of this project but if you think that your project is just a pathway project then we have another program for those pathway projects thanks Adrian next question what expectation of funding balance is required between the public sector agency and the research organizations in terms of investment so I don't think we have any limits on that what we will look into is the sum of the total investment basically and that would count as one of the criteria so the fact that which one of the organizations is investing does not affect our criteria next question what is the view on leveraging between the data asset schemes and the platform schemes so that so each of the programs so would be evaluated separately so if you do have a program also for us in the bridging in the public sector bridging and one in platforms they would be evaluated separately and they will not affect each other so but we do encourage you to contact us if you are planning to do so and there's no guarantee if your project requires both halves because they're competitive processes we can't guarantee that both would get up or one would get up or any of them would get up so you would have to make the dependencies if it exists that if you don't get one the other will not go ahead sorry but in a general sense the data assets program is exactly what it's saying it's it's focusing on the the content the actual quality of the data the standards in the data the governance over the data the collaboration the pipelines for the data ontologies everything to do with the quality of the data asset itself as well as interfaces to analytical platforms and software etc but the focus of these programs is really on the on the data asset itself the platforms project is complementary to that it's focusing in on an analytical platform or an access platform that takes for granted the existence of data so yes the two programs are complementary in that sense next question could the ABC count as a public sector partner specifically in terms of access to existing news clips etc quick question next here Adrian it's a good question we do have a list there's a specific list on the website of public sector agencies i'd be happy to take this question offline to check whether it's on there and if not under what you know what definition of a public sector agency we're going off the the definitions that are on the common what there's a commonwealth site that lists public sector organizations in australia next person asks that they they have a specific question about an EOI using state and national data assets are they able to set up a phone conversation to discuss this definitely and so you can use the contact us that is on at the bottom of the page of the public sector if you can just drop your phone number or your email address i will reach out to you to set up a call next question when will the new program for emerging data assets open so i think they are planning to have two calls one would be october this year and the other would be october 2021 and the next question i think has been answered how should we contact you yeah so i said at the bottom of the contact us for and that's all the questions we have just now does anybody have any others that they want to add to the pod no it looks like oh hang on here we go will the presentation be made available so we are recording the whole call and i think the whole webinar will be available so but if necessary we can actually make the slides available as well yeah all right so it looks like we're coming to the end there um shader what's the next what's the next key date that everyone needs to keep in mind so we have at the end of june 29th of june the end of the EOI process already at this stage if you have any further questions or if you want to help with finding the right contacts do reach out to us and otherwise submit an EOI by the end of june because if you have not submitted an EOI you will not be able to submit a proposal at the later stage so if you do submit a proposal without having the right contacts you will still be eligible to submit a proposal so do submit a proposal by the end of june and then we will reach out to you and then the request for proposal phase will be open mid august so 14th of august if i'm not mistaken until mid september 17th of september to be exact okay well thank you very much hand over to julie to just wind up there um thanks shader and adrian um as shader mentioned if you do have further questions please either use the form um and we will be putting our questions from today in our frequently asked questions so thank you very much everybody for attending bye


And I think we are live. All right, guys, welcome back to another episode. Today I got a special guest for you. I got my good friend, Manish Seti, and a quick little bio on who he is. Manish Seti is an American author, internet entrepreneur, and the famous founder of Pavlock, which we will be discussing today. Manish, welcome to the show. Hey, it's a pleasure meeting you, man. Likewise, likewise. So why don't we dive into it? This little thing I got in the mail, that's a long ago, right here. What is it? Why did he make it? Let's talk about it. Sure, yeah. I used to have a travel blog and I would do a bunch of stuff. And I found it really hard to focus and get stuff done. And I decided to do some experiments on myself. One of my experiments, I hired someone to follow me around. And every time I wasted time, he'd slap in the face. And I watched my productivity skyrocket. Like, I got like four months of writing done in about five days. And I was like, whoa, this is actually really cool. What if I didn't have to pay and I could just make like a dog call that could zap me every time I went on Facebook? Maybe that could be even better. And then I thought that's actually a really good idea. There's like a million wearables that track what you do. This one could actually change what I do. So that was the idea for how Pavlok got born. And what it really is, is it's a behavioral training device. It vibrates, beeps, and releases electric stimulus to reward you for doing positive stuff and help you stop doing bad stuff. We found the biggest thing about it is that the electric zap is, it ranges from like light to very strong. And at strong levels, it really becomes like a negative stimulus that rapidly trains you in the moment to stop doing what you don't wanna do. The two most common use cases are for waking up early. Like, if you don't get out of bed, it knows by motion tracking if you're out of bed and it can vibrate, then beep, then zap to make sure you get out of bed. Really, really effective. Like, especially for people who have heavy sleeping problems, really effective. That's the number one use case. And the number two one is to stop bad habits where we have a version of using a version therapy. You basically associate the negative sensation with smoking, cigarette, or biting your nails. In the same way, when you get really drunk on tequila and then never drink tequila again, create that Pavlovian association to help people stop bad habits for good. So how does it stop you from biting nails? Cause I haven't set mine up yet, but for example, I bite my nails. So every time I move my hand like this, people will know I'm moving my hand and shock me. Now, yeah, something like that. It's two steps. The first step is the training process. There's an audio course inside and it basically says, for five minutes, do the action on purpose and think about it. So you're gonna focus on zap. The audio is like, do the habit again, zap. And you're gonna overdo the habit to the point that you don't wanna do it anymore, but you just stick through with it for five minutes. You're overdoing it while experiencing negative sensation that creates a Pavlovian association in the brain. The first thing you'll notice for the rest of the day is that you become more aware of when you start to bite your nails. The second thing is that the device itself will start to vibrate when you bite your nails.  That'll make it go away for a while. You do that for about five days.  The habit starts to just dissipate. It becomes, just like I said, like if you get really drunk on alcohol and then suddenly the smell of that alcohol is like, ugh, the same action happens when you catch yourself by your nails. We have about 60 to 80% cessation rate for nail biters who go through our five day program after six months. It's pretty high. After six months. Yeah. So I just wanna recap that I first have to program it to understand my behavior and to- First thing you can be done, you can be done with phone. All you do is just listen to the audio course and do what it says. Five minutes later, five days. It says, bite your nails on purpose and press the button. Bite your nails on purpose and press the button. You do that for a while. It's gonna feel unpleasant. That's all you need to do to start off with.  That's the manual version, no phone needed. And that's enough for most of our users to stop the habit completely. What are some surprises you've seen so far in developing this and dealing with customers and on your journey with the startup? From the entrepreneurial side? Any side. Like, okay, so building hardware, first of all, building hardware is freaking hard. It's like, it's a totally different world. Like you think of a startup as like two guys working on content and an app in a garage. Like, building a hardware company means you have to have supply chain, customer support, hardware, software, web. Like, it's like seven startups in one. So, if I had known what I was getting myself into, I wouldn't have done it. Second, like, the difficulty of building a hardware business is also its biggest strength. In the sense that no one else in the world really knows how to make hardware. Very few people do. And there's fundamental times and cash infusions you have to have to make hardware. So it gives you a really good competitive advantage once you do it. I found that like people over rely on venture capital and under rely on building a product that some people will love. And hardware in particular because it's so cash intensive. When we run out of money, we make the best decisions we can and we ever have made because we have to focus on what we'll sell. Decisions like removing the screen and removing the step tracker and focusing on a tiny module that can be reused for different purposes. Those are very profitable decisions that don't really sound good from a customer perspective at the beginning. But they're very good when you realize you have to get through that process. So that was one of the interesting parts. The second thing I started to notice is that this is one of my favorite stories about hardware which doesn't completely apply to every industry. But it doesn't end in this industry that you're buying products from other people and reselling it or selling it to suppliers and distributors. There's a thing called, basically my friend got into Walmart. His product was like a smart globe. It was starting to sell really well. It sold so well that he went bankrupt. There's a thing called the cash conversion cycle which is when you spend the dollar, how long does it take for that dollar to come back to you as profit or revenue? And the ideal goal is to make that number negative. So you get the money first. But some people don't realize that and they just continually buy. So basically, if you pay your suppliers on the day it ships from China and then your vendor doesn't pay you until 60 days after it ships, then the faster you sell, the faster you go broke. And the only way to get out of that situation is there's two ways. One is to raise more capital or take a loan. And the second way is to ask for an extension on your supply terms. So one of the most interesting things to me was that I figured I fixed a ton of my massive depression and almost company dying woes by picking up the phone and asking my manufacturer if I could have an extra 30 days to pay off. That was it. And it fixed everything. And so that was one of the most surprising things about entrepreneurship. It took me two and a half years to learn. Negotiation and just asking. No, but just timing that when you get paid is more important than when you get paid. Totally, especially for you for the logistics and I used to have a physical business as well in the clothing in China as well. So I can relate to the nightmares. Did you buy from China and sell it in China? Well, I did it backwards. I did a very convoluted, I bought raw material from China and made it in Canon and shipped it back to China to sell to Chinese. Whoa, that is very backwards. Yeah. That's a whole different story.  Two and a half years ago. Cool, and you started working on Block Eaks? Yeah. I thought that was really smart.  And it's like, it's interesting because when you started writing about it, I was like, it was intriguing because it seemed like you saw, even though people were making fun of the idea, they still are. Like you saw that it was going to be a great idea, a project to build and started prepping in advance by building up SEO and ranking the terms for it. Are you finding that that was a good decision that you're starting to see huge results in those early days? 1.2 million visitors a month, not too bad. Yes. I mean, yeah, you're like the number one for everything that you search for, essentially. Trying to be, trying to be. You know, we focus more on quality. Like we're not a news website. We're more or less like a vertical. So we'll train people. We have a job board. We have a forum. Eventually we're gonna have our own kind of like online incubator where people can submit their ideas. Kind of like a product hunt, but not for products, but for businesses. So think of the whole vertical where you have your one stop shop for everything. We're slowly rolling all those different features out. I love it. It's like, there is such a different economy being shifted and shaped in this world by now. And there is no right. They're just like what will happen and what is. And it's cool because there's like very few people who see the world in the same way that you do. Where it's like, people who understand blockchain understand that it's not about the blockchain. It's not about the investment. And it's definitely not about the speculation. Because money is a fungible resource. And it's just a means of trust. And if you create the trust first, following psychological principles, then the money will come because the trust is real. I find like, and that's like everything about related to Pavlock is all about behavior change, right? And behavior relies on positive and negative reinforcers. And the act of receiving money is a positive reinforcer. But the act of getting fired if you don't go to work is a negative reinforcer. And people think that positive is more important than negative, but it's not true. It's that negative makes habits start, but positive makes habits stick. Yes. Even negative emotions. Like you can see it in one of the 25 cognitive biases at Super Deprival Syndrome, where you give somebody something, or like when they do it in discounts right here, you'll lose $20 if you don't buy it. But you never had $20 to begin with. Yeah, it's like how much will you pay for this bottle of wine? No more than 15. How much will you sell this bottle of wine for? No less than 50. And it's like, it makes no sense, but it's just the fear of loss. It's so powerful in human range. And so we're finding that there are ways to trick people for their own advantage. We have a goal at the company, which is we want to create a vaccine against human beings not doing what they say they'll do. So we have lights up in our office. One is red, one is green. The green one only turns on if 100% of our users who committed to their goals in the app, like waking up on time, quitting smoking and going to the gym. If 100% of the users in the last six months hit 100% of their goals, the green light turns green. And obviously that hasn't happened. And our goal is to make that light up forever because we want, I believe that there is a solution. I believe that there are ways fundamentally for people to achieve their goals and that the way that people think is by saying what do I want as an individual but not looking at the structure. It's like missing the, there's ways to do it in psychology classes. There's ways to do it in economic theory, but they don't put those together. And that's what we're trying to do. Let me ask you this for one of the features for the app. Let's say, forget this. Does, is there a feature on the app that realizes that my Pavlock is at home? Yeah, Pavlock two. So you have Pavlock one? Yeah, Pavlock one, you know. Yeah, this is Pavlock two, which is coming out in September. And so, yes, it knows when you're not wearing it. It knows your like location and motion detection. But what we're really focusing on is the human element. So it's one thing if a bot reminds you to go to the gym, you often just swipe it away. But if the bot is a human and if that human is a coach and if you forget to leave your item at home, you get a phone call from your coach being like, hey, man, I don't think you're wearing your Pavlock. What's going on? Suddenly the next day, you're likely to put on that Pavlock. And if like, this is like a couple of years in the future from now, but imagine if you hit this news button on your alarm and someone just walks up and starts knocking on your door and rings the doorbell. Or if you say you want to quit smoking and you've done all our app in your course and it's like you're getting there, but it's not perfect. If someone is just with you throughout the day, watching your hand motions at first, watching the smell and you add a camera on, you earn volts for doing these activities, but then you'll be able to allow yourself to monitor. Once you hit that commit button, that goal of 100% adherence requires some pretty crazy activities. Yes. And I believe that we can get people to do those behavior, so basically once you hit the commit button, my goal is that it's grounds open. We can do whatever we want as long as it helps you hit that goal. Doesn't matter if it's me sitting with you for the next six months and never leaving your side.  So don't hit that commit button unless you really commit. Do you see this almost kind of like a gig? Okay, let me paint something about your scenario. A lot of people have troubles waking up in the morning or let's do something during the day, not in the morning, like I don't know. They forget something. Maybe the gym, there you go, there's a gym one. I forget to go to the gym. And then on your feature in Pavlock, I'm willing to pay somebody, so this is my set price, like I'm willing to pay somebody five bucks to come to my location because I'm willingly showing people my location. And then it's kind of like a marketplace where I say, oh, that dude is five bucks and I'm like two seconds away for sure. I'll take that five bucks to walk up the stairs and slap it. Exactly. It's like an API for TaskRabbit meets the game with Michael Douglas. The way I see those exactly like that. Most of the issues that people have is forgetfulness is a huge thing. And once in an often, if they do remember, if the task is too difficult and if there's no disincentive, it's easy to ignore, right? It's very easy to walk by the gym and be like, I'll go there tomorrow. But then if you knew that if you don't go to the gym, you're gonna lose a hundred bucks, you might go. If it's gonna post on your Facebook wall and text your friends that you're missing the gym appointment, they'll probably go. And the thing is that it only requires that initial fear of loss just for the first few days because once you go to the gym for a few weeks in a row, about 20 to 66 days, the habit gets formed. You no longer need to think about it. It becomes natural. And so that's the- Let's pause right there. What is that? So there's so many different takes on that. How, in your experience, how long does it actually take to create these new neural networks? How long does it take to form a habit? Yeah. The only habit is different than breaking a habit. And that's one clear point I wanna be clear on. I gave a keynote presentation at the Royal Society of Medicine in London on how to form good exercise habits in the brain. We researched very deeply into that specific question. And the answer is this. It depends on the difficulty of the habit. The only metric of habit formation is consistency. If you do the same action X days in a row, after the same trigger or when triggered, then the action becomes automatic. That means that the brain activity stops acting here and it's fully present back here in your basal ganglia. That's when a habit is formed. For easy habits, like drinking a glass of water after breakfast, it takes about 20 days to form a habit. If you drink a glass of water for 20 days and you walk outside, you're gonna feel really uncomfortable if you forgot to drink water. Not drink water and drink water. That takes about 20 days. For the most difficult in the study that we spoke about was doing 50 sit-ups after breakfast. That took 84 days. So if you do it 84 days in a row, 50 sit-ups, the habit becomes formed. Harder to not do it. In one way, like 84 days and doing 50 sit-ups is really hard, I mean it's just really hard. But it's also kind of beautiful because you could take anybody in the world who's never done exercise before, make them do sit-ups for 84 days and they become the kind of person who does sit-ups. Yes. But what was most beautiful to me was like, what if it was more about doing one sit-up? Just do one sit-up after breakfast. That's closer to 20 days. That's probably as easy as drinking a glass of water. So we built this plan back in 2013, which we did in 2014, where we basically had users commit to going to the gym and they would break their habit into step-by-step tasks. So you just froze on me. Can you still hear me? Cool. On my back? Yeah. So it was like, basically for the first week, just go outside in your gym clothes and lock the front door, send a selfie. If you do it, you win, if you do it a few days in a row, you get to buy yourself that thing you promised. You said that at the beginning. If you don't do it, you got to pay your partner 50 bucks.  Done, no problem. So easy to do, you can fail.  The second week, it would be a little harder. They'd go to the gym and swipe their card. They didn't have to work out. Week three was spent 20 minutes in the gym. Week four was spent 30 minutes in the gym. By the end of the fourth week, they were addicted to putting on their gym clothes and going outside and locking the front door. The 20 day habit was formed and the rest of it just cascaded down. So we had, does that make sense to you? I don't know if I'm wrong. It does, it does. Basically we had an 80% success rate on our users going every single day for 30 days and then we kept measuring it. So the experiment ended, 80% of that 80% made it to the end of the second month and then another eight, it was like cascading over half of the users went 90 days in a row. It's all about simplifying though too what you want to create. I call it the Mount Everest syndrome.  I tell them me or you tell them habits. Habits in general, like people get overwhelmed. Whether it's to break it or to create a new one. It's like you need to break it down into the easiest to do task and then you have someone hold you accountable to that task and if you put those together, then it becomes natural. Yeah, like for the longest time I was trying to learn Spanish on and off, do a lingo, this now, blah, blah, blah.  So I hold myself accountable.  And it's done, right? It's done. It's like I'm there, I know it, I'm paying. If I don't show up, I leave that person hanging on Skype and that's not good. It's usually not the money, it's usually the person hanging out that you feel bad about. You'll notice that it's almost always like money is what we abstract as the value of stuff. But the real value is human emotion. And if you can learn how to navigate and just do your own internal emotions, like feeling uncomfortable, feeling like you're letting somebody down, feeling guilty, those feelings are designed and you can use them for your own good. So I find that to be powerful. It's never about the personal trainer. It's never about the higher personal trainer. It's never about what he teaches you. It's about the fact that he's waiting for you at the gym and you feel bad if you don't show up. So in all those ways, I think that the world needs accountability and needs friends. Like people need to have social interaction. It just doesn't work with hanging out on your phone all day. And so if we can add that properly and incentivize people, like I guess you haven't really talked at all about the pulse thing that we're doing in the system. I don't know if you wanna talk about it but if you wanna go into it, sure go into it. Yeah, I'll talk very briefly about it. Basically we have a plan to build, basically what we're doing in our app is we have a point system. So the device itself vibrates beeps and taps as a reminder but the app itself lets you set goals for yourself or a coach assigns you goals. And each day that you achieve those tasks, you earn volts, this in-app point system. It's not a coin yet. It's just a regular point system but you'll unlock new features and capabilities through the app as you do your positive behaviors. The goal is later on in a year or two to be able to flip it into a blockchain currency or a token. A lot of users, at least 100,000 daily transactions is the goal to convert it into a system then but building the association of value first and utilizing that as a point system that you respect will let us be able to assign different values to the tasks that we think you should do to achieve your end goal. And I know you mentioned about this before but you're also building this massive database that eventually what Pavlok can become into is almost like this self-empty and AI system. Yeah, cool if it works, right? Yeah, it's like an AI human thing. Not if it will, but it can be. Where are you? The one rule we have in the company with regards to our AI bots, coaches, and customer service is that you have to have at least one winky face every four messages because I'm super flirty when I chat online so I'm like, it's gonna have my flirty-ass personality. Use the winky emoji AI. That's one of our three rules of robotics. So I don't know, it seems really funny but we've noticed some really interesting things because we have been experimenting with this. We have our customer support chat in the app and sometimes we'll name the chat a human being's name. Sometimes we'll name it Pavbot. It looks like this, it's like Intercom. So you can chat with me at any time in the app and send messages and stuff. And we notice that if you name it a bot and you say, I'm Pavbot, people will go out of their way trying to trick it and then they'll think, they can't abstract it. They're like, but it's a human, I'm just a bot. I don't know what you're talking about. They just keep coming back trying to trick you even though they know you're clearly a human. Yeah. As long as you don't, so we're finding like, I'm just curious about how that works because it's like more about experimentation and that.  But we're trying to play around with that use case because we have this AI human coach we're working on where essentially you have a, we have a new app coming out in September which is a morning routines app. And the morning routines app is called Rise. It helps you stick to your morning goals and you can hire this AI human coach. So it's really just us, it's humans. I'm gonna pause there for a second. Would you say that's your biggest subset of people right now is people have sleep issues? Yeah, definitely. Yeah, we have two products. One is this shock clock, which is just for sleep. And the second is Pavlock, which is for sleep plus bad habits. We're known as a bad habit device but the thing that sells, the thing that people get instantly is the sleeping issues. And are you an early riser or early? You are, right? 5 a.m. Yeah. I never had trouble waking up and I didn't even think it was a big deal because it didn't apply to me. But we started getting these emails like I used to be a night owl and now I'm a morning person. You got from like 40 people. This is actually a big deal to people. Like getting out of bed is massive. Massive, man. I sent you the studies before. Yeah, it's crazy how effective it is. And then, yeah. And so we're like, I mean there's a billion things I could talk about. I think I showed you that correlation graph, more important than causation thing at some point on chat. If I haven't, that's a whole nother conversation at no time. But I think that if you amassed, if you personalize data collection for an individual and you look at the things that there are goals are and you forget about the whys, why do things happen? You only focus about on the what's. What happened when they slept well? What happened when they ate well? What, it doesn't matter if it was because of, but it's only what were they doing at the same time, building these correlations for individuals. We can start to push people down the right paths and learn more about them than they'll ever know. We had one user who tracked all of his food, his sleep and his weight for three months, or 100 days and found out that 100% of the days that he slept over seven hours, he lost weight. 100%. Who cares about what he eats? All that matters is that he sleeps seven hours. Like make that your goal because the food doesn't matter. Just do what you're doing, just sleep. After that, come iterate on it and see what's going on later. We're focusing on letting people choose their clear goal and then building the right paths that are for those people. It's so hard to explain because it's everything, but it's so simple to explain because it's that. Just set a goal and achieve it. We'll handle the tactics. I love it. So the media plan is just roll out Volt slowly, see how people respond to it. Do you have any big surprises coming up so people shall know about or? So Volt's coming out is a surprise. So nobody who even has a Pavlock knows. You guys don't have a Pavlock and you should buy it for sure. But even if you don't, you should download the app and create your account before September 1st. So just download the app, create an account, maybe play with it a little bit. I promise it'll be worth it because we're gonna be releasing modules in a very different way after September 1st and people who have their account first start off with a huge bonus. So that's all I'd recommend. I'll make sure I'll put a link below the video right now. Thanks. Yeah, I'll send you a couple of those pages too. Perfect. And then let's see, interesting or surprising things. Yeah, I'll tell you a couple of surprises. I'm sure that your community will like it. So what we've really been focusing on is building our hardware out to be a platform. It's like an app store for behavioral feedback and haptic touch. I've been piping Spotify or an audio jack input through our vibration motor and feeling the vibrations on your wrist as you listen to music or working on things like being able to sync up with your girlfriend using magnetometers and device whenever you're facing each other, getting heartbeat vibrations about where they are. Stuff like that, physical touch as a way to communicate interesting stimuli and data. So those are the kind of stuff that I'm really excited about that we don't really talk about too much. But those are some of those prizes. Awesome, Anish. Well, I want to thank you so much, man, for dropping by and giving us your time. What is the main website people can get a Pavlok at? Check it out at Pavlok.com. And this is live today, right? Yeah, right now. Yeah, so Pavlok 1, the product that you're holding, this thing, it's going away forever, starting Monday. So we dropped the price to like 99 bucks for the next, goes away. And so 99 bucks for one, 149 for two, I highly recommend it. Cool. 30, you know, you can get it for cheaper. So what is it? What's the cost? I'll give it to everybody. P-A-V-3-0. P-A-V-3-0, cool. We'll do it. Awesome. Awesome, brother. Thank you, man. Yeah, be careful. Peace.


This tire iron here, this tire iron is from Toulouse Tools, T-A-L-O-O-S, got a nice spoon on the end of it. This is forged steel, we have another little end there with the nipple on it. This tool is 38 inches long, it's painted black for ultimate rust resistance and you can also get this in a 41 inch length. One handed design so you can use two in different applications. I'm going to show you how it works. I always start by adding a soapy solution, I'm just using some dishwashing liquid and a little bit of water, helps the removal and installation go a little easier for you. You just start by putting your tool in and step on the back of the tire so the tire goes down off the bead of the rim. I'm using a little crowbar there just to hold the tire from going back onto the rim and once you get it at this point you can remove your little crowbar. That's where two of these tools would come in handy.  The back side comes off a lot easier than that. To reinstall just add some more of your soapy solution, put your tire iron underneath the tire between the wheel and the tire and again step on the back of the tire that keeps the tire from wanting to go up onto the bead of the rim. Now all you have to do is work your way around the tire just in reverse order of what you did when you took it off, pry out and step on that tire. Sometimes you walk around the edge of the tire, it helps limber the rubber of the tire up and makes your work go a little bit easier. Step on the tire and the tire should fall down onto the rim. And there's the Toulouse tire changing tool.


This is a kid that's just brimming with confidence. Devon Williams, he was on a whole other plane. Devon Williams has a scoreless hitting in the big leagues. Welcome to Milwaukee, Devon. Look at that catch from Devon Williams. So good, you know it's coming. You still can't hit it. Four strikeouts out of the bullpen for Devon Williams. The one, two, he strikes out Bustakis and Devon Williams strikes out the side. Devon Williams, he has singularly the best weapon in baseball, his change-up. But he flat out dominated baseball with his fastball change-up combination. Your 2020 Edel Rookie of the Year, Devon Williams. Honestly, I never thought I'd be in this position. It's just that culmination of all my hard work, you know? And it's nice to get recognized.


How do we warm ourselves up when we are cold? And how do plants maintain the correct balance of water? Let's take a look at homeostasis and tolerance limits to find out. Homeostasis is the outcome of the process by which an organism is able to maintain its internal state in response to changing external or environmental conditions. This includes maintaining blood glucose levels, carbon dioxide levels, water balance in both plants and animals, and regulating body temperature. The exact mechanisms for these processes will be explored in later videos in this module. This process is only able to be conducted when they are within the organism's tolerance limits, the minimum and maximum limit of unfavorable conditions within which the organism can survive. This varies for all species, and to an even smaller extent from organism to organism. For example, an Arctic fox will have a much lower maximum temperature for its tolerance limit than a camel, who is usually found in warmer desert conditions. The underlying purpose of homeostasis is to allow the optimum functioning of metabolic processes, or otherwise the chemical reactions occurring within the body to maintain life, such as those required to provide the organism with energy. There are two types of metabolic reactions that occur within our bodies. The first are known as catabolic reactions, which are reactions that break down complex molecules, releasing energy in the process. This would be a reaction such as the breakdown of glucose in the food you eat to create carbon dioxide and water during cellular respiration. The second type of reactions are the anabolic reactions. These use smaller building blocks and require the input of energy to create a more complex molecule. This occurs when carbon dioxide and water are combined in photosynthesis, using light energy to create glucose. The process of maintaining homeostasis is often known as a stimulus response model. This model acts as a cycle, where a stimulus will either increase or decrease in the internal environment of an organism. This can be sometimes due to changing external conditions such as temperature or an increase in glucose within the body. A receptor within the organism will detect this change in stimuli and the information is sent to a control centre. Here at the control centre, the change is evaluated and a signal is sent to the effector to coordinate a response. In humans, the control centre is generally in the brain, or spinal cord, and invertebrates, receptors and effectors are linked by nervous and hormonal pathways, depending on the stimulus response pathway at hand. The effector, typically a muscle or a gland, will receive the signal from the control centre and will change its output to coordinate a response. This response is the action taken to return the internal conditions to their optimum, or at least to a level which is more suitable for organism functioning. This overall process is a continuous cycle using feedback mechanisms in order to ensure the optimum conditions for the organism are continuously maintained. There are two types of response which determine how the organism responds to the change in stimuli. The first is negative feedback, which is where a change in stimuli is detected and the organism initiates a response which reverses the change in order to maintain internal conditions within their tolerance limits. This is what we see in thermoregulation, insulin release in blood glucose regulation, as well as in osmoregulation which will be explained in later videos. The second type of response is positive feedback, which is less commonly seen in biological systems. Positive feedback initiates a response which amplifies the stimulus, causing it to vary even more from the initial deviation. For example, we see this in childbirth with the release of oxytocin promoting the release of even more oxytocin, allowing for faster and stronger contractions in order to speed up the process of labour. So in summary, homeostasis allows both plants and animals to maintain their internal environment, including blood glucose and carbon dioxide levels, water balance and regulating body temperature. This is to ensure that metabolism can occur at an appropriate rate for the functioning of the organism within that particular organism's tolerance limits. The process of maintaining homeostasis is known as a stimulus response model which outlines the steps required for the organism to initiate a response. The cycling of this system produces either positive feedback systems which amplify the stimulus or negative feedback systems which reduce it.