Welcome folks, this is Tom O'Brien of TFNN. We have five days a week, we go seven hours a day, we go 24 hours a day on the internet at tfnn.com. Always remember folks, what if you think about, you bring about whatever you focus on grows, hope everyone's having a great day, safe day. Let's kick into the end of 22, kicking in 23 and making a great one folks. Don't make assumptions, learn to ask questions. It's always better to ask questions than to make assumptions. You have the courage to ask questions until you as clear as you can be. Once you hear the answer to that question, you won't have to make the assumption because you'll know the truth. Knock it off, let's take a look at it out here. We have the Dow Industries up 17, Aztec down 129, S&P's off 12 and a half. Gold, gold contract up $18.20 traded at 18.22 an ounce. We have silver up 34 cents, $24.26 an ounce, light sweet crude, flat, $79.54 a barrel, notes and bonds, a 10-year note, down 21.6 traded in 112.13, the 30 years up a full point, plus 24 ticks, at 125.13 and King Dollar, King Dollar trading down 145 ticks, 104.169, euros at 106, Yens at 133.49, the British pound, is at 120 to one at US dollar. Off phone number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. Give us a call folks, I know it's going on in your world and the world of the S&Ps, let's take a look at them. What do you have? Well, bottom line, we have ABC structures down in all the indices, folks.  Now what the spy did do, okay, so the spy broke the B point, broke it with volume. The B point inside the spy is 377.85. We broke that and we did 100 million chairs versus 74 million. Now what the spy did do is that got on the other side, meaning the north side of the B point, the bottom of the B point, which is at 377.85. That turns it into a complex ABC down. Now all that means, a complex ABC down means this folks, first you break the B point, then you can go higher than actually the C point, you can go up to the C point, but as long as you're going up there and the volume is contracting again, that's still a complex ABC structure down, and that's what we have. Inside of the Q, different ball game, because the Qs are the weakest indices out there. The Qs broke the B point last week, broke it with volume, and never could get back on the other side of the B point. The B point inside the three Qs, folks, is 266.95, or 263.85. The B point had 51 million chairs traded, we broke that with 60. Bottom line, this ABC structure down is a price projection of 244, and you can see that the low established is 254.27. So the confirmation of that ABC structure down is saying it's not only gonna go go to it, it wants to break it. So we'll see how this baby shakes out, but serious business. And if it's gonna be serious business, it's gonna mean that somehow, some way, this doll is gonna catch a bid. The doll hasn't done anything now for about two weeks. Didn't break a low, but bottom line, you've been going sideways so many days here. We have five, yeah, you've been going sideways for 10 trading days. We'll see how it shakes out. My take is that this doll is gonna get a bounce somehow, some way, and when that bounce comes in, that is when this market's gonna basically do the next leg down. Now if we wanna see the next leg down, all you have to do is go look at Tesla. I mean, it's in an ABC, well, it already finished. It's first ABC down. I mean, it's pretty remarkable, man. I mean, when we take a look at this, we're talking about, let's see, five. Yeah, about 17 trading days, we just went from $198 to 111, okay? This baby, let me do the numbers right now because where do you see this, okay?  So let's see this, I gotta put this back because if you are a fan of Tesla, what you really want to happen here is probably a 1 to 1.618 ABC down. So here's your B point right there. Let me do this, 314 minus 314.66. Okay, so right now, well, yeah, maybe I got this wrong. One second, 314.66 minus 177.44. Yeah, okay, so what happened is this. So Tesla, the A to B, the first ABC structure was 137. Like we blew through that, like we're not even thinking about it. So your next one is going to be from a 1 to 1 to a 0.382. Let me do this again. So 314.66 minus 245.22, no, that's not it. 177.44 times 1.3, sorry about this, I'll get this folks, times 1.382, that's a 245 A to B, okay? So it's 245, I gotta take off that number. So 314 minus 245, oh my God, that's 69. Yeah, that's cool. Listen man, the next stop is 69 bucks. Now, it's heavier than that because guess what? When we did this, you can see with $64 has volume. Now I suspect what we'll get, we should get some kind of a, at $91. You see this volume in here? You can get a little, but you know what? This is going down there, man. This is like, there's going to be so many stories about this, it's insane. 60, yeah, that's where it's going, man. And we'll see whether it holds there. Because when you get, when you do down drops folks, whatever's happening, it goes, goes, goes, and then it literally goes off the cliff.  Stay right there folks, come right back.


Okay, this is me testing out a new board design. It's a thing that takes a new pixel signal and then converts it to an RGB Common anode output. So new pixel power ground data comes in here. This is a ws-2811 chip And then there's an inverter and then it drives three powerful transistors So it can drive, you know, five to 12 volts LEDs common anode up to three amps of channel So for example, if you're talking about five volt high current This is a ultra bright three watt LED Being driven by the neopixel swirl so bright cameras getting confused and then here is a Tower light so these take 12 volts and there's three channels and I'm driving it just like it was a neopixel And then I'm powering it from the metros 12 volt input here so, you know, basically instead of wiring up transistors and You know, whatever diodes and LEDs and whatever You just connect it up as if it was a neopixel and you can just turn on and every channel with PWM


Hi and welcome to the session, I am Purva and I will help you with the following question. Evaluate the definite integral, integral limit from pi by 2 to pi e raised to the power x into 1 minus sin x upon 1 minus cos x dx. Now let us begin with the solution now. Let us denote this definite integral by i. So we have i is equal to integral limit from pi by 2 to pi e raised to the power x into 1 minus sin x upon 1 minus cos x dx. This is equal to integral limit from pi by 2 to pi e raised to the power x into 1 minus. Now we know that sin 2 theta is equal to 2 sin theta cos theta. So we can write sin x as 2 sin theta x by 2 into cos x by 2 upon 1 minus. Now cos 2 theta is equal to 1 minus 2 sin square theta. So we can write cos x as 1 minus 2 sin square x by 2. Write dx since sin 2 theta is equal to 2 sin theta cos theta and cos 2 theta is equal to 1 minus 2 sin square theta. This is equal to integral limit from pi by 2 to pi e raised to the power x into 1 minus 2 sin x by 2 into cos x by 2 upon 1 minus 1. Now here minus into minus will become plus. So we get plus 2 sin square x by 2 dx. Now here in the denominator plus 1 and minus 1 will cancel out. So we get this is equal to integral limit from pi by 2 to pi e raised to the power x into 1 upon 2 sin square x by 2 dx minus integral limit from pi by 2 to pi e raised to the power x into 2 sin x by 2 into cos x by 2 upon 2 sin square x by 2 dx. Write now we can write this as this is equal to 1 upon 2 integral limit from pi by 2 to pi e raised to the power x into now 1 upon sin square x by 2 can be written as cos x square x by 2. So we get cos x square x by 2 dx minus integral limit from pi by 2 to pi e raised to the power x into now here 2 and 2 will cancel out in numerator and denominator and sin x by 2 and sin x by 2 will cancel out in numerator and denominator. So we get cos x by 2 upon sin x by 2 which is equal to cot x by 2. So we get cot x by 2 dx. Now here taking e raised to the power x as the first function and cos x square x by 2 as the second function and applying Bipart's method we get this is equal to 1 upon 2 into first function that is e raised to the power x into integration of second that is integration of cos x square x by 2 which is equal to minus cot x by 2 upon 1 by 2 minus integration derivative of first that is e raised to the power x into integration of second that is minus cot x by 2 upon 1 by 2 and limit is from pi by 2 to pi dx minus integral limit from pi by 2 to pi e raised to the power x into cot x by 2 dx. Now opening the bracket we get this is equal to 1 by 2 into now 1 upon 1 by 2 will give us 2. So we get 2 into e raised to the power x into minus cot x by 2 limit is from pi by 2 to pi minus 1 by 2 into 2 integral limit from pi by 2 to pi e raised to the power x into minus cot x by 2 dx minus integral limit from pi by 2 to pi e raised to the power x into cot x by 2 dx. This is equal to now cancelling out 2 in numerator and denominator we get minus e raised to the power x into cot x by 2 limit is from pi by 2 to pi minus again cancelling out 2 in numerator and denominator and here minus into minus will become plus so we get plus integral limit from pi by 2 to pi e raised to the power x into cot x by 2 dx minus integral limit from pi by 2 to pi e raised to the power x into cot x by 2 dx. This is equal to now putting the limits we get minus e raised to the power pi into cot pi by 2 minus minus of e raised to the power pi by 2 into cot pi by 4 because here we have upper limit as pi so putting the upper limit that is pi in place of x we get minus e raised to the power pi into cot pi by 2 minus minus of putting lower limit that is pi by 2 in place of x we get e raised to the power pi by 2 into cot pi by 4. Now these two integrals will cancel out because of positive and negative sign so we get this is equal to zero because we know that cot pi by 2 is equal to zero so we get here zero and here minus into minus will become plus so we get plus e raised to the power pi by 2 into now cot pi by 4 is equal to 1 so we get a 1 so we get this is equal to e raised to the power pi by 2 thus we get our answer as e raised to the power pi by 2 hope you have understood the solution buy and take care


Everybody Matt here for late in sports cards ripping 10 of the 2023 Panini National VIP Gold Packs for Jason L Good luck, Jason. It's James Harden red ice 2 of 199 and Hyper Charles Barkley. It's Quinn yours rated prospect purple ice This is 39 of 50 Rated prospect. I'll Sar Thompson Keegan Murray. This is rookie gold eight of 10 There you go. Nice one Jason congrats on the Keegan gold again eight of ten Bobby Whit jr. We'll be our first mag of the day red ice rated prospect Jared McCain It's the 199 and Dion red ice And Robin Reigns purple ice Luca 24 of 50 Yanis Mickey Mantle red ice and will levis rookie Nolan Ryan purple ice pink ice. That's the 75. We'll go with pink and Nolan Ryan base Two packs to go blue ice killing him Bop a That is to 149 16 of 149 and rated prospect and then Thompson All right last pack. Good luck. This is Haley Deegan Green ice nine of 99 and on the back Mickey Mantle That'll do it for your packs. Congrats on that Keegan gold. Appreciate it Jason. We'll get these right out to you


Good evening. Please welcome City Librarian Michael Lambert. Wow, what a crowd! Good afternoon, everyone. Welcome to the San Francisco Public Library Caret Auditorium. I'm Michael Lambert. I'm your City Librarian. And I want everyone to leave with a big stack of books tonight, okay? Can you help me out? I am so delighted you're all here. Your San Francisco Public Library is proud to foster shared experiences for our community to engage in civic affairs such as today. And I'd like to thank each and every one of you for coming out to be a part of this exciting moment. We have so many incredible leaders and attendants this evening. Our Sheriff Miyamoto was here earlier today. His Chief of Staff Rich is up here in the front row. Our Department Head from the Department of Environment in San Francisco, Tyrone Ju, is back here. I saw Hagen Choi, our Chairman of the Soul Sister City Committee, and our City Administrator, Carmen Chu, who we'll hear from shortly. Yes. You know, it was just earlier this year in March that our very own Western Edition Branch Library was the site of the launch of the very first quarter in the American Women's Quarter Program Series, featuring the famed writer, poet, and social activist Maya Angelou. Former U.S. Treasurer Rosie Rios, former Mayor Willie Brown, and Speaker of the House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi were in attendance to witness the historic event. And today, we are so thrilled to once again host the United States Mint to launch another quarter, featuring the talented trailblazing actress Anna May Wong, who was the first Chinese American film star in Hollywood. The library is so proud to partner with U.S. Mint and our local partners, The Center for Asian American Media, and APA Heritage Foundation to host the screening of the Anna May Wong documentary and the panel discussion to follow. I want to thank Stephen Gong, Director of CAM. He's right here in the front row. Thank you, Stephen, for your ongoing partnership and leadership to present stories that convey the richness and diversity of Asian American experiences. And of course, I want to acknowledge a phenomenal woman who needs no introduction in this town, Claudine Ching, President of the APA Heritage Foundation. Claudine is the driving force behind so many efforts to celebrate the culture and heritage of Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders in San Francisco, as well as efforts to foster cross-cultural exchange and awareness among all the diverse communities in San Francisco. We owe her so much gratitude. Please join me in welcoming Claudine Ching. Good afternoon. Thank you for being here. I take a moment to gather my thoughts. I can't believe it's kind of surreal that we are here celebrating the launching of a coin with an Asian American on its base. I think it's kind of surreal. Many of you were around when 30 years ago, exactly, when we celebrated the issue of the first postage stamps, postal stamps, honoring Chinese and Asian Americans in this country, our Lunar New Year stamps, 30 years ago. And at that time, some of us sitting around and thinking, what else can we do? What about on the currency, on the coin? But the idea at that time feels so far-fetched. We kind of dropped it, because we simply do not know how to get about doing that. And here we are today, and it's amazing. It's a significant chapter in our history. Many of you have generously or this week, over the course of this week, have congratulated me and to clarify. I wish that I said I have something to do with it, but I have nothing to do with bringing about this coin. But I do feel very passionate, like all of you that take the time to be here that we should celebrate this very significant chapter in our community. This morning, it's all about education, as I understand from my new friends from the United States Mint. This morning, I had the opportunity to go with John Chu, who is the blind chief and education chief of the U.S. Mint, to visit a fourth grade class at Gordon J. Low School. Thank you, John. And it was very exciting, because John was going to explain to them how the coin was made, what is the coin, and start collecting coins, and the history of all of that. And so I asked him to just break the ice. I said, okay, who has heard about Anna May Wong? I am surprised that so many kids raised their hands. And they said, oh, she's the first Asian based on the coin.  And the one that I'm most impressed about, the little boy, she fought discrimination. I said, wow. I mean, those kids were prepared. If that's our fourth grade class, I think we have a lot of hope. It's really amazing. And I must say that I understand that the coin is really also a true of education. The coin is to celebrate American women whose achievement have been under-recognized, that they have done a lot for the country, and yet, you know, maybe not a lot of people know about them. And Anna May Wong was one of those. I must say I just learned so much about her these last two weeks. I mean, it's amazing. And then I said, hmm. And looking around this room, I know all the women here, Benz, and all the women here. I mean, this is what the coin program is about. It's about really celebrating, you know, the achievement of American women, which we are all a part of, and it's really about time. I want to thank Michelle Thompson from the United States Mint who will hear from later because this is her vision that really drives this at the United States Mint. We all know how difficult it is to drive through a piece of legislation through Congress and make this actually happen. Thank you, Michelle. So here we are, and I certainly hope that this is a four-year program. This is the first year, and Anna May Wong was the last coin of this cycle. But I look forward to seeing in the future, in the next three years, certainly look forward to celebrating. I believe that there is a coin coming on, celebrating also our Pacific Islanders. So we are very excited about future announcements. And, you know, it's all about also telling the stories and inspiring our younger generation about little kids and they can look up to and say, hey, there's Anna May Wong. I can be there, too, because in her time, she was never able to play a major role in the movies. She was always either in the silent movies or she was, you know, really playing a minor part. So, but looking around, I think that, but they're all inspirations. And looking around the room, I do feel a lot of energy because I know many of you out there have done so much for our city, for our community. And the next speaker that I'm going to introduce is one such inspiring person to me. Our city administrator, Carmen Chu, has over 17 years of experience in public service. She's really have dedicated her life to our city from being in the mayor's office to being elected to the board of supervisors to be our assessor. And now our city administrator, and she's so busy and she's a mother, but of a young mother and she had to go home and balance all of that. It's really amazing. Let's welcome Carmen Chu. Good evening, everybody. I'm Carmen Chu. I serve as a San Francisco city administrator and I'm so honored and proud to be here with you all today. I want to, before I say a few words, I just want to thank, of course, our city librarian for continuing to honor the tradition of public education through your facilities. It's not just about the act of borrowing books and educating yourself through that channel, but the library has truly been a place where they open up their facilities to make sure that all kinds of information, any kind of public education and awareness that they can do to help educate our residents is done through our public learning libraries. And so I just want to say thank you to him because he continues to push that and I think that's an amazing thing for our city's library system to do. Thank you to Claudine who, of course, people know and know how hard she works. At every opportunity she takes the time to uplift the voices and experiences and stories of the API community and I think that's incredibly important, especially at this time when we see so much anti-Asian hate. And this is something that we deal with on an ongoing basis when I was a young girl and today whenever the tides turn, the economy turns, issues arise, we find ourselves sometimes the perpetual foreigner, no matter how long we've been here or how long our communities and our families have been here. So I want to thank her for continuing to raise the stories and awareness because it's so important and not everybody does it. So thank you, Claudine. Let's give her a big round of applause. And of course to Stephen with CAM for all the work that they do to uplift the APA voice. I think it's really important, especially in an underrepresented field. So thank you very much for all the work you do. So I'll really just keep my comments short. I think I'm just really pleased and honored to be here. I think Claudine mentioned I'm a young mother. My daughter is three and a half years old. She is a handful. I had no idea what I was in store for. You give me city administrator, assessor, board of supervisors, no problem. But my child, oh my goodness, I am a pushover. But what I want for her more than anything in the world is for her to have every opportunity that is possible. And I think that many people in this room can identify with that because whether it is you with your own families or your parents who came before you here, the point was always to create a better life for all of us so that my daughter doesn't have to limit herself to say that it's not possible to say that she's going to be discriminated against or that she's not going to have the same opportunities as others or that her voice won't be heard. And so my hope for my daughter is that she will see more of people who look like her in positions of power, in media, in news, in governance, in politics, everywhere in arts so that she can reach for the stars and she will never be limited in the same way that so many of our families and our generations have been limited. Maybe that's a pipe dream, but I think it's a pipe dream that's worth going after and I want to thank the U.S. Mint for helping to tell the stories of our Asian-American community because it is really important to see our faces everywhere. My daughter has come to really enjoy playing make-believe with me and one of the things she likes to do is make me buy things that are in her room and we're playing with money and paper money but I'm really going to be proud to be able to hand her some quarters and money to play with that's actually going to look like her and I think that's going to be a really great thing to be able to say is that we're not an afterthought, we are part of the American history here. So I want to thank again the U.S. Mint for recognizing this and I hope that there will be more opportunities and more stories and more people we uplift through this process. So thank you very much. I have certificates of honor here that I'm going to leave behind to share with you but I did want to make sure to, without further ado, introduce Michelle Thompson with the U.S. Mint. She's going to tell you a little bit more about the program that brought us the Anna Mae Wong quarter and I'm delighted to introduce her because she came all the way from Washington D.C. to come join us today. So it's a big deal that she's here with us to commemorate this wonderful day. She is the program lead for the American Women Quarters Program at the U.S. Mint. It's a four-year program to honor the accomplishments and contributions of diverse U.S. women that includes also Maya Angelou and astronaut Sally Wright. So quite a lot of women that I think we should be recognizing over time and I'm really glad for this program.  All right. Hello everyone. Good evening. It is really my pleasure to be here and to join so many distinguished and passionate people to celebrate the release of the Anna Mae Wong quarter with this very special event. Recognizing and honoring women on our nation's currency matters. Our coins tell the American story. They reflect what we value as a nation and we value women because women matter. For the first time in history, the United States Mint is issuing circulating quarters through a coin program that is solely dedicated to honoring American women. Beginning in 2022, this year is year one and running through 2025, five different women will be honored annually on the reverse. That's just the tail side of the quarters. This diverse group of women that we are honoring truly reflect a wide range of accomplishments and fields. The honorees have helped to shape our nation's history and their contributions span the centuries from the birth of the nation to modern day. At the Mint, we see the work we do as connecting America through coins. It is our distinct pleasure to connect Americans to Anna Mae Wong who left a lasting legacy for Asian American women in the entertainment industry. With a career spanning motion pictures, television and theater, she faced persistent discrimination in Hollywood. That fourth grade boy was right when he said that, but she continually championed the need for increased representation and more multi-dimensional roles for Asian American actors. Many people consider the coins that the U.S. Mint produces to be miniature pieces of art. Our very talented pull of artists continually amazed in how they could express the values, aspirations and shared heritage of a nation, all on a canvas the size of a quarter. This coin's design truly exemplifies the strength and determination it took for Anna Mae Wong to become the first Chinese American film star in Hollywood. It was designed by United States Mint Artistic Infusion Program artist Emily Damstra and it was sculpted by U.S. Mint medallic artist John McGraw. The reverse side of the quarter, the tail side, features a close-up image of Anna Mae Wong with her head resting on her perfectly manicured hand. And even in this quarter, she is truly captivating. I think that's something, when you watch her films, when you see her photographs, you can't help but notice this woman. And now millions, hundreds of millions of people will be able to notice her too. She is surrounded by the bright lights of a marquee sign, which you saw a lot of in 1920s and 1930s Hollywood. And the inscriptions include United States of America, Anna Mae Wong, Quarter Dollar, and E Pluribus Unum. Unifying the entire coin program, all 20 coins of the program, is a new obverse or head side. Now it still has George Washington on it, but this was designed by one of the most iconic female sculptors of the early 20th century, Laura Garden Frazier. So in that respect, we're really honoring 21 women with this program. These pioneering women of the American Women Quarters Program represent vastly different fields of endeavor, talents, and skills. Yet they all share a singular commonality. Their contributions were groundbreaking. They had a lasting impact on society. And none of these women would ever settle or accept the status quo. All of our 2022 honorees influenced others and paved the way for each new generation. We hope their stories inspire you and connect you to the history we all share. At this time, I'd love to call up Ms. Claudine Chang to the stage. So Ms. Chang, on behalf of the United Statesmen, I would love to present to you two American Women Quarters, one from each of our production facilities who are making the quarters in Philadelphia and in Denver, to the Asian Pacific American Heritage Foundation. Thank you so much for your dedication in promoting this and providing... and just the fact that the community can get together like this and celebrate Anna May Wong is spectacular. So I don't want you to feel that you're left out. We brought a little something for all of you as well. As you exit the event tonight. As you exit the event, you will each receive an Anna May Wong quarter and it's going to be in a commemorative coin board. It has spots. These are a hot commodity, guys. These are pretty cool. It has a spot for the four other women too and I really hope that you are inspired to find the other four honorees and add them to your collection as well. So it is my pleasure to introduce Stephen Gong. Stephen is the executive director of the Center for Asian American Media and has served in this role since 2006. He was previously the deputy director of the Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive at the University of California Berkeley and associate director at the National Center for Film and Video Preservation in the American Film Institution. Without further ado, please welcome Mr. Stephen Gong. You've been all been so patient and now we know we'll be rewarded. This is so exciting. I just want to say thank you to Michael Lambert. He read the mission statement for CAM so well. I don't have to do that. Many of you know that we hold an annual film festival called CAM Fest and in fact our emeritus festival director, the beloved Masashi Nihwana was right here in the audience. And I bring that up also because the film we're going to see tonight right now as soon as I can get off this stage and you can get me out of the way. A documentary film that we showed at our festival in 2011. It's called Anime Wong in her own words. It was directed by Yuna Hong who is an award-winning filmmaker in New York and unfortunately Yuna could not be here with us tonight but I did want to say on her behalf this is a really wonderful, her background is in experimental forms of media and she did work in video and she produced about eight other films up till now and all of them pretty much have to do with the achievement of Asian American women. So this is her first feature length project. It's one hour and it was also broadcast on public television and I think what the essence of this film is it relates very much to some of the remarks we've heard tonight. Anime Wong's career was terribly prescribed and limited because of the racial codes and because of the prevailing decision-making in the entertainment industry and the fact that she broke in so early during the silent period. And even though she is a pioneer not only in motion pictures but also in television she had one of the very first television series but definitely as you will see she didn't have the kind of career that any of us would want for the creative parts of our community and so what Yuna was wanting to do was using her own words based on letters, correspondence and remarks in interviews she wanted to piece together what the real Anime Wong was about because you won't necessarily find it by looking just at film clips of the film she was in. I don't want to say too much more. We can get into this. We have some very special guests for a conversation afterwards both about this remarkable unveiling of putting a member of our creative community on our currency and we've also got some wonderful examples of how far we've come what the distance is now when women can truly be recognized as creative equals in the entertainment industry we still have a ways to go but I think that what we're feeling is this sense of excitement and possibility once again to create stories that represent truly the diversity of our country. So without further ado I hope you enjoy the film and in the Q&A part of the conversation we'd love to hear from you so you can be thinking of questions you might have based on the film you're seeing and the wonderful introduction we've had about how representation matters. Okay, thanks a lot. Wasn't that a treat? Very good. Okay, it'll just take us a couple of minutes to get our special guests here. Maybe I will pipe them on stage now and introduce them. Well you've met Michelle Thompson the program lead for the American Women's Quarters Program at the U.S. Mint and now this is a special treat for me one of the rare privileges I get is to introduce Joan Chen the renowned, the many times honored Asian-American actress and film director. Joan grew up in Shanghai and was a movie star in China even before she came to the United States. You may know her best from Bernardo Bertolucci's The Last Emperor also Twin Peaks the series and we at CAM honored Joan in 2012 at our 30th festival and by showing three of her films it was the premiere of White Frog and we also showed Saving Face which was a wonderful film and of course the film that she directed Shu Shu the Sent Down Girl. Please welcome Joan Chen. Very good. And now to round out the conversation we're going to have and it's my great pleasure to welcome Christa Marie Yu an Asian-American actor who grew up nearby in Lafayette, California she's best known for her roles on television she played the main role of Molly Park on the sitcom Doctor Ken the role of Jen on Last Man Standing and she now has a featured role of Elaine Kim on the Hulu series Reboot please welcome Christa Marie Yu change venue thank you very much you know what we're going to start with a little bit oh yeah thank you we're going to start by connecting it you know back to this incredible occasion of the US Mint and this special program that honors the achievement of American women and you know what we've said is just so remarkable that we feel in yet another milestone in a big way that we're seeing and that we have a place here so I want to start Michelle a little bit fill us in a little bit of how this happened how it came about how you all came to choose anime what was that process like absolutely well back in 2019 we were nearing the end of a 12 year quarter program the America the beautiful quarters program and we needed to come up with something that would replace this for circulating quarters the circulating quarter is the workhouse like the workhorse of our currency of our coins producing hundreds of millions of quarters annually right now we're on almost 2 billion over 2 billion for the American women quarters program this year alone so we started doing some market research and determining what America wanted to see reflected in their currency we learned first off that a 12 year program was entirely too long people didn't want to look for quarters I had a father who said to me I started collecting coins with my daughter as a 7 year old and by the end she was a 19 year old and she just wasn't excited anymore and he ended up filling up all the books of the coins by himself so we wanted to get something that resonated and something we kept hearing about in research was honoring women and American women now the Mint just can't go out and change our circulating quarters and our coins we need this to become law in order for us to do this so legislation was drafted and we found some phenomenal bipartisan support in Congress we had Senator Cortez Mesto we had Senator Deb Fischer your own representative Barbara Lee from California as well as representative Gonzalez from Ohio so people really came together in support of this bill which did become law it became the circulating collectible coin redesign act of 2020 and just passed in January of 2021 so then the fun began because it's one thing to envision this law but then you sit back and you think oh my goodness we have this amazing historic groundbreaking program coming up and how do we start how do we choose these 20 women because I think if we were to talk to everyone in this audience today and say give me your list of 20 women that you would honor for this program everyone's lists would be different but in reality the stories of women hasn't been told before on currency we had Sacajawea on the golden dollar we had Susan B. Anthony but we've never really looked at accomplishments of women and did a whole program focusing on that so the law requires us to consult with three different groups we have the National Women's History Museum the Smithsonian Institution's American Women's History Initiative and the Bipartisan Women's Caucus they all had some ideas and recommendations on who they would like to honor based upon all women who are honored have to be deceased that is just the law for coins but making sure they were underrepresented well because we did have some people who call in and they would say my mom is fantastic I'm sure she is I'm sure she's wonderful but we also sought public opinion as well and we received over 11,000 submissions through a web portal that the National Women's History Museum held for us so you take all this information and then you have to start going through and identifying who these women could be because we wanted to make sure when you looked at this program that a little girl or a little boy can turn the quarter over and say this is someone who looks like me or this is someone who is interested in something that I'm passionate about and it's extremely inspirational so we make these recommendations of the five women and then they are passed on to Secretary Yellen the Secretary of the Treasury and ultimately she makes the final decision on who these five women are it's all in her hands fascinating well I think we do understand why being deceased is a prerequisite otherwise I would have nominated John Chen so John and it'll happen one day I'll be deceased is what I mean so we'll hold Michelle we'll get back to the phenomenon of the quarters program and I'll have a follow up for you all I wanted to turn it to the special program that we have and as you've gone around with the other quarters this is a rather unusual thing in a way to try to show a documentary about the subject and have some exemplars some role models that we're so proud of in our community that we have these achievements so I did want to turn to this and ask you first Joan and then Krista if you would follow up too and think about this you know one of the things that we think about or I think about when I think of Anna Mae Wong she truly was you know tried to straddle this cultural divide of being Chinese and being American at the same time and there were some conflicts by the tremendous freedom that she had to make the most of her life which I think is a human condition but I do think culturally with her family it was a real challenge as we saw in the documentary our father didn't quite understand motion pictures they were just getting started I wonder in your own journey and Joan you might need to fill the audience about your own journey but you coming to this country at a fairly young age and yet you had been picked out for you know for film acting in China even what was your family supportive of your journey my situation was very different because I grew up during the cultural revolution and we didn't get to choose our professions so you don't aspire to anything you aspire to be the best keg in the mechanism of socialism so that was that and but I was picked out of school at age 14 like she that's how I started I just got picked out of school on a rifle team and they needed a girl to play the gorilla girl so there was so for me acting was apprenticeship and somewhat like what she did we learned on the jobs and it's been fantastic I can't complain and when you came to the United States was it still your ambition how did you follow through then when you kind of came here it really wasn't my ambition at all I was assigned actually to star after my first small part that I was chosen for the movie then stopped because the producer was Mao's wife and she got arrested and they stopped and somehow one of very influential Chinese actress started an acting school and she said well you know if you're interested just come to my school and I was so happy I didn't have to go back to high school and so that's I picked up acting there but it wasn't really a dream or anything it was good that I didn't have to be set down to the remote region and do you know physical heart labor so that was good I think I didn't become really passionate about acting until later like I starred in four movies I came here and I was 20 when I came here and I think when I was 22 when they made Zhang Long Michael Cimino Oh was it were you in Year of the Dragon Year of the Dragon okay so finally I heard of a script that's gonna have like a leading Chinese character I was 22 speaking terrible English and she's a newscaster and I'm like okay I'm gonna learn English and I tried so hard I worked in the restaurant $5 an hour as a cashier and the dialect coach is like dialogue coach like 200 bucks for two hours a session I was like okay I'm gonna have it now I want this part back to like so many callbacks months of it I mean looking back I was wrong I would never have but they the casting director somehow kept me there and it gave me hope and that was my biggest heartbreak ever it was never had an audition that broke my heart as that one and I realized that it's a profession where your hard work and result really do not correlate you know but that became a challenge and I think that's when I started to become more passionate because I was tested I was tested yeah I hadn't heard that stroke before thank you for sharing that and it was year of the dragon which is really a terrible thing I know it wasn't the best portrayal but so rare that you read there is a Chinese lead yeah oh my goodness okay we're gonna get back to that but now it's Christa's and I wanted to set this up right because a lot of us in the community know Christa know your parents Alan and Margo who are right here in the front row and I think one of the themes that we've been talking about then is families and what we want for our children and how grateful we are that our families came to this country so many of them with that belief that here there was this kind of freedom to pursue your dreams and yet a parent's probably greatest wish is to protect their children at the same time and I know you're a parent now too John but Christa on that it's a little bit about your own decision to enter this arduous profession and the kind of conversations you might have had with your parents about this yes I will say that I am incredibly lucky for the parents that I have they have modeled how important community within our Asian-American specifically within our Asian-American families is the more we can work together to have our voices heard in a way that we are important and just as much as whoever else is on any kind of American currency so every little step of the way whether it's like an onlook fashion show or you know my dad like donating to school or gosh square and circle club my grandma is actually she has also been somebody who is a trailblazer for those of you who don't know she was the first Asian-American or Chinese-American public school teacher of San Francisco so my roots and my pride run very deep when seeing when seeing John Chen hearing about John Chen and all the hard work that you've done and then just recently seeing you in Tiger Tail too like it makes sense why you were picked out of so many people and prevailed in Asia but here that scene in Tiger Tail everybody has to see it it was riveting how grounded you are and how you've grown over time like you said you started so young that that's not something you would expect from a woman even in the entertainment industry there's so much media assumptions via media like that we saw in this documentary too that you're expected to play a certain type for so long so to watch you grow with your characters is something that's truly inspiring to me and that definitely takes hard work and yeah I think I may have gone on a tangent but it all starts from people like my parents who have made me believe that I can do it and we see people like Anna May Wong who do it and then you believe you can do it too that's fabulous I want to stop it I feel like we've kind of done it I think we've said all that way no no I'm not going to stop there let's stay on something important about well actually Christa what I want to ask you first is what was your worst audition experience my worst audition experience my heart gets broken a lot rejection I mean as hard as it was for Anna May Wong it's still incredibly difficult there have been many times where I've been told I don't look right or they're not looking for my type which basically means they're not looking for your race you're not this you're not that you're not this specifically one really I don't know if it was a bad audition but I also poured my heart into it and they didn't know how to place me and they said well instead of just this one part why don't you learn all three and this song and this dance all in one day so this one scene I had to learn all three different parts I was also a bridesmaid for my cousin the next day so I I poured my heart into all three parts memorizing it and then I got a call and they said oh actually we decided you're not even going to I got to the end to the very very end and it's called a test and they said well we decided actually we're not going to have a test so I was rejected even before I got to that part so I would say I get rejected 99% of the time I look in the mirror every day and cry I'm kidding again it's people like my parents who continue to support me or people like again John or Tamla and Tamida we saw her up there and we know that the passion is there and when you see people who do it for the right reasons versus for fame or money they're really doing it because they love it like Anna May Wong she did it because she loved it and there was no other option to them nothing is going to keep me down no one's going to tell me otherwise she even had some kind of illness and prevailed anyway and I think that kind of mentality is what gets us through I mean my mom has always said be ten times better than the average and I hope there'll be one day where we don't have to feel that like I do feel like when I'm at work there's no rule for mistakes whereas maybe for some other people there are so I hope that the understanding of that is important ally shit thinking Michelle just continues so we lift each other and allow space for all of us to grow and make the mistakes and realize that those mistakes actually bring us to a better future thank you so much and yeah John I would love for you to thank you and John you've mentored so many of the actresses that you've worked with we know that's on saving face I wonder if you would talk a little bit about that kind of bond that you have developed over the years yeah saving face was one film that we really still together I think we came back for the 20th anniversary and so you do find people who inspire you who are passionate and really good at what they do and support each other but I have to say that it is a tough business for any race for any race at all so everybody, every race gets rejected many many times over and that's just the nature of the beast and that's the gamble that you take I think you just need to be you just need to be obsessed and you can't live without it I mean if you can live without it then don't do it don't do it and that's just that's how I feel I mean I'm sure you know I feel for you when you talk about the rejections I mean in my younger days it's like every time if they said no it's a blow it's not a rejection of your resume it's a rejection of you your entire being heart and soul and everything and your looks and your pimples and everything and so it is extremely difficult but so wonderful, so exhilarating once in a huge once in a big while you get that one scene and that just makes it all worthwhile and you live for that one scene and that is good enough and it's impactful to people like me who get to see you do it but even if you're not an actress you see yourself reflected on screen and you understand or you see yourself on a quarter and you're like oh I'm as important as Benjamin Franklin that's kind of cool or like wow like I could be as beautiful as Joan Chan like oh my gosh like wow like I could be a love interest the way that Joan Chan is like it's really important like how we are reflected if you only see a certain part of these, getting these parts then you assume you can't there's just some subliminal message that we all receive via like visual visual entertainment and also in terms of rejection most of the time you actually just don't get a no that you either get a yes or you just don't hear ghosted Michelle in hearing this I see that completes the circle this is everything that you in designing this want to see happen that representation matters that this quarter will last beyond our lifetimes the symbolism is so important but it's connected to real community I wonder how you feel about the kind of energy as you unveil this program so we knew that it would be popular among the coin collecting community we knew that it's the new program it's a four year program we've never done this type before so we anticipated that but I don't think we really understood how embraced this program would be we had people who never talked about numismatics as coin collecting never talked about anything like that suddenly I mean Oprah a video blog about us and Drew Barrymore tweeted about us and we were in People Magazine and it's just so exciting because people started to pay attention to this and they suddenly started to want to learn more and you go through it and you're looking at the women who are being honored and there's a collection of women who some are more well known and some we didn't think were as well known and then you get surprised you get surprised by the communities as they're coming forward I mean Anna May Wong was trending about two weeks ago it just out of nowhere she was trending in social media because everyone was clamoring about the quarter it just made her and it made her story want to be heard by more people and that is something that I think so valuable in this program you know if you know the woman and you turn over the quarter and you recognize her that's phenomenal but if you don't know the woman that's even more exciting because you get to learn and you get to learn their stories and you sit back and you say why didn't I know about this one how could I have gone through 40 plus years of life not knowing who Anna May Wong is that's shameful but you can't I can't dwell on that I can only dwell on what we're doing for the youth and for everyone else it's inspiring, it's exciting so I hope that in seeing the representation you know it's actually in the law that this is a program that needs to be diverse racially, geographically across time periods of study because we are a diverse nation and our currency really should reflect who we are and this is a step towards making that happen great, thank you thank you well we're close to the end and I don't want to keep you from your special keepsakes we have one more very special guest yes Claudine would you like to do the honors yes, we'll do one more and then we'll bring out our specials I do want to mention one thing I know a number of you followed Silent Film Festival our beloved Silent Film Festival they are showing, we are showing I'm on the advisory committee Toll of the Sea on December 3rd at the Castro Theater save the Castro Seats we would like to see that please consider dropping by and so I want you to reflect on tonight and we have a member of Animes family here that we would like to come out and say a few words about her relative but I don't know if you have any last thoughts about community representation following your passion I think that would be one of the things that we really want to talk about do you feel a responsibility this is something I want to ask maybe Joan and Christa do you feel in some ways a responsibility or do you feel that that might hamper your own work or do you feel a responsibility to community in a way in the roles you would accept that you would play I think it's inevitable I think even when I sit here I was like oh maybe I even represent China because you know how I behave they might perceive what the Chinese are like or Chinese American sometimes it's just inevitable but as far as moviemaking is concerned it's my passion it has to come from a deeply seated place it's not what I believe or I think it's nothing like that it is I feel how I feel that's the most honest part of you and that's the part you give regardless of race, gender anything so that's my answer yeah Christa I do I do feel a lot of pressure because it means so much to me to be represented in someone beyond just like training and the Power Rangers and I do feel like the community is a big part of this and one thing that I do hope that people can understand is yes like just what Joan said this is also our passions and I do think sometimes our Asian-American community because there are so few of us out there there is we're under this magnifying glass to have to represent all of China or all of San Francisco or all of the entire like I was the only Asian-American teenage representative that year, girl representative that year in 2015 on Dr. Ken and I think it is easy for us as Asian people I don't know if you guys resonate but I do to be like oh it's not this enough it's not that enough I am not this enough we are not that enough why are we not getting A pluses in everything and I wish that we all understood in a loving way that the more we support each other even if it's not the perfect representation the more people who are outside our community will be like oh wow yeah I could see that Asian girl as a lead but if we don't support that and we pick apart the reasons why it's wrong we won't even get those opportunities more so even though the door is cracked open we all have to band together to pull that door open and like cheer everyone who's walking through it and that's what I hope I hope we all do lovely ok thank you all so much sorry we're kind of at that time would you thank you so much thank you to our panelists and thank you Stephen thank you so much just take two on this so yeah please no I really just felt that this was a good discussion bringing everything together with the coin and the role of the woman and the struggle and I feel that what Chris just said really resonated with me because we sometimes our community we are our own worst critics I mean it seems like there's something very Asian about being critical of ourselves and of others that look like us in the community and it's really so important to be supporting each other so I want to thank all the panelists for your perspectives thank you so I just thought that as we were planning this event I just thought that how can we talk about enemy without having a member of the family then we were scratching our heads and then two weeks ago when I went to the means event at Paramount I ran into the family and I'm so excited because and to learn having learned so much more about enemy wrong and to know that she actually has a niece by the name of Anna Wong and I so so I have to introduce myself so please come please come because I think that you know this program will not have been complete will not be complete without us hearing from a member of her family so let's give a warm San Francisco welcome to it Anna Wong thank you thank you colliding for that lovely introduction I'd like to thank everybody who was involved in selecting anime Wong to be part of this American Woman's Quarter program it is truly an honor and my family and I are beyond thrilled people call me all the day every day and they say to me when this first happened they said you know you're asking me on a quarter and I had heard a while ago so I was thinking oh yeah yeah it was it's truly exciting so I thank everybody to me and I thank everybody that was involved in selecting this when I first got the call actually it was interesting because someone from the mint called me Mr. Great Wyman who's excellent who's not here with us tonight but he called me and told me that that she had been selected and I said and I'm so sorry but I did not think the call was legit I said I said well you should speak to my attorney so he spoke to my attorney and my attorney called me and said you need to talk to this man he's really he's what he says he is and I said okay so he called him and here we are today with this lovely quarter it's interesting anyway anime wong found her passion for acting in a very young age she is as you well know as you've heard people say she is the first Chinese American movie star in Hollywood it's very you can google her and you can come up with something like I don't know something like 7 million dollar million hits you get on there as you end to see and it's very interesting I did it once and fell down that rabbit hole and but it's very interesting it's very historical and for people who don't know about her it is very interesting people who do know about her always find out something I never knew that I did you know that and I learned so much about her and for people if you're a movie buff you probably have heard about anime wong if you're not a movie buff you learn about her and children generations who don't know about her they learn about her and that's part of what I think the court program is doing Sally ride and all the other women influential and they want people that the men wants people to learn about history influential people people that maybe you learn about you may not know anything about I didn't I didn't know that much about Sally ride I actually googled her because you know google is your best friend and I googled her and I also realize wow this is so interesting and that's helpful to me I think the people and for younger people and generations you know anime wong was a part of movie history she was a part of Asian history and now she's a part of this historic women's quarter program I'm honored to be named after her I am thrilled that she's getting she's still making history today she would have been 117 years old this year yeah and maybe I shouldn't say that about her age don't tell anybody but I'm so thrilled that she's getting this honor and it's beyond amazing that everybody so it's turning out I was at the quarter event in LA and the people the turnout was amazing when you there were people we had to turn people away right there was people and I'm sure then this was this was completely full and so I truly thank you for everybody for keeping my legacy my aunt's legacy alive I am proud to be part of her legacy and I will continue to keep her legacy alive and fight for equality among Asians and of all ethnicities so thank you so much and at this time I'd like to bring up John Chu with the Mint thank you Anna let's give Anna another round of applause Anna flew in today from LA this afternoon and is flying out tonight so she made it for this special occasion so thank you Anna okay it has truly been a pleasure for the women to honor Anna May Wong the first Asian American on a circulating coin with you tonight I'd like to close by thanking Michael Lambert and the San Francisco Public Library for hosting this event Claudine Chang and the Asian Pacific American Heritage Foundation Steven Gong and the Center for Asian American Media City Administrator Carmen Chu she had to go early but Joan Chen of course Christa Marie Yu Anna Wong Michelle Thompson and our U.S. Mint team and everyone here joining us today thank you this includes the program thank you and have a great night I also want to acknowledge all the community organizations whose logo you've seen at the back of the program and if you're here earlier in the loop before the program started I just really want to thank all the organizations and especially the two city agencies the San Francisco Human Rights Commission representatives are here and the San Francisco Film Commission our executive director is here thank you so much for your support and enjoy your coin thank you


In this video, we present the solution to question number seven for practice exam number one for math 1210 In which case we're given the graph of a piecewise function and we're asked to find The formula for said piecewise function And so this question is intended to be a question for which we're gonna eliminate all but the correct answer So looking at this graph right here. It's important to identify. What are the pieces? It would look like I have three distinct pieces There's like three different lines that seem to be glued together And so as such I'll be looking for a formula that has three different pieces when you look at option a You have negative x and x minus four those are two lines I need three lines, so that's not gonna work when you look at option C You have a square root function and a line. That's two pieces and also I don't need a square root That's not gonna work Option e you have the constant function one the constant function negative one that those are linear functions But there's only two pieces. That's not gonna work When you look at option B Alright, you'll see that there is a line. There is a line. There is a line There's three pieces. So that seems that seems plausible Option D also has three pieces. So those are my contenders right now when you look at option D though You have a x plus one which is a line you have x minus five which is the line But the third piece x squared minus three x plus four that's gonna be the graph of a parabola We don't have any curvature on our graph right here, so it can't be option D So we're down to option B, but there's also the very dangerous answer f none of the above bump bump bump So even though we've eliminated everything else because there will be an option of none of the above Which is a legitimate answer right here We can't just accept B because we've eliminated everything else. So now that we have B in our focus. Let's check Okay, so we have three linear pieces. That's good. Look at their domains So this one will go from negative three to negative one For which negative three is right here negative ones right here Oh, okay The first line actually does go from negative three to negative one then the next domain will be negative one to one Which one would be right here? Okay, the second line does go from negative one to one That's so far so good. And then the last domain One to two we're gonna go from one to two. So okay, the domain matches up on this one That that's really promising notice if you went back to example D right here this one went from one to three Sorry, it's from negative infinity to one one to three and then three to infinity, right? So the domain wouldn't have agreed on this one even if we didn't rule it out for the parabola right there The domain is a very important part of this. Alright, so we have the correct domain. We have three linear functions Now let's verify those linear functions. Let's start with the middle piece Because after all I'm trying to see if I can eliminate it all if you take the line y equals x That'll be the diagonal line that goes through points like zero zero one one two two negative one negative one That's exactly this line right here So the second piece actually is totally kosher for this graph The next one to x minus one if we think of as a line in slope intercept form It's y intercept should be negative one at slope is two for which you look at this function right here You can see that the slope is to rise to over one What would the y intercept of this thing be if we continue in this regard you go over one down two The wire step would be negative one. Yeah, that's that's the right line there So this is very very promising The last one if we just want to be extra cautious right here three halves x plus one half Okay, so that tells me my slope is three over two So you go up three over two that is the correct slope if we were to continue with this slope we go up three Over two connect the dot right there Yes, sure enough that would be a one intercept of one half I would I'm totally on board that these are the three correct lines with the three correct domains. This is the correct formula for this piecewise function


Welcome to this issue briefing, which we look at how companies, governments, jurisdictions and local communities can scale up forest conservation. My name is Nicole Schwab. I'm the co-director of Nature-Based Solutions at the World Economic Forum, and I will be moderating today's session. There is no tackling climate change without forests. Deforestation alone is responsible for nearly 15 percent of global CO2 emissions. Conversely, natural climate solutions, which include forest conservation and restoration, can provide one-third of the mitigation needed to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees. Last year's climate conference in Glasgow, COP26, was a step in the right direction for forests. 141 countries joined the Leaders' Declaration on Forests, the LEAF Coalition announced their first $1 billion investment commitment for forest countries, and the 12 largest traders and processors committed to a roadmap to achieve 1.5 degrees, enabling further progress in eliminating commodity-driven deforestation. At the same time, we are witnessing a major expansion in the voluntary carbon markets. Transactions reached over 300 million tons last year, valued at over $1 billion. The market demand is expected to continue growing at least tenfold over this decade, with forestry credits contributing to at least half of the transactions as more high integrity and large-scale or jurisdictional projects emerge steadily. And that's what we want to talk about today. Jurisdictional approaches to REDD+, which stands for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and how such landscape approaches can offer the potential to convene diverse stakeholders around common environmental, social and economic goals, unlock funding at scale through results-based payments, such as carbon credits, and enable co-benefits for the local communities maintaining the forests. The World Economic Forum is launching a new white paper on the subject of jurisdictional REDD+, next week, called The Forests for Climate, Scaling up Forest Conservation to Reach Net Zero. And I now have the pleasure to introduce our panel, who will share their views on the way forward with Jurisdictional REDD+, Integrity, Scale, and Opportunities for Private Sector Investment. Joining me today are Frances Seymour, Distinguished Senior Fellow at the World Resources Institute, Erin Blumgarden, the CEO of Emergent and the LEAF Coalition, Fernanda Sampaio, Executive Director of PCI Institutes, and Jamie Mulligan, Senior Scientist at Amazon. Thank you for joining us. And let me turn to you first, Frances. Can you tell us a little bit about jurisdictional approaches and how these have been evolving towards high integrity solutions? Well, thanks, Nicole, and thanks so much to the Web for hosting this session on such an important topic. You know, we made an enormous amount of progress in evolving REDD+, when we first started talking about it 15 years ago. Forest carbon credits were exclusively being produced at the project scale. And while project scale interventions will certainly continue to be needed to address deforestation and promote restoration, there's been a growing realization that standalone projects can't in and of themselves address the underlying drivers of deforestation and certainly not at the required scale. It's clear that we have to incentivize governments to do what only governments can do, such as enforce the law, since so much of forest loss is actually illegal. And crediting forest carbon at the scale of large jurisdictions really helps to manage many of the risks to environmental integrity in the REDD+, space. For example, assessing forest cover loss over a large-scale jurisdiction automatically addresses many different kinds of market-shifting leakage, in other words, just displacing deforestation from one spot to another. And truing up the accounting at jurisdictional scale also helps us manage the risk of over-crediting of project-scale interventions due to inflated baselines. And the good news is that since the Bali Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC in 2007, forest countries have made an enormous amount of progress towards their ability to produce market-ready jurisdictional-scale credits. The technology of measuring forest emissions has continued to improve, has had the ability of forest countries to use that information to target and address what's causing forest loss. We've also got improved methods to manage risks to environmental and social integrity, not least the acceptance of norms such as free prior and informed consent, and a recognition that we need not think about social integrity as just a do-no-harm agenda, but actually enlisting Indigenous peoples and local communities as full partners in forest conservation who are entitled to a fair share of the benefits. And all of this learning is now embedded in the latest generation of standards, such as art trees, which we can talk about later, that enable the independent verification of adherence to those standards and produce market-ready jurisdictional-scale credits. Thank you, Frances. And if we move now a little bit to the investment side of this, you've been observing the space for a long time, and what trends do you see in terms of the forest-related investments? Well, let me talk about two different kinds of forest-related investments. I mean, I'm not going to talk about the need to invest, companies to invest in getting deforestation out of their own supply chains. I think that goes without saying. But I think one of the key points that I'd like to get across today is about the power of advanced demand signal and advanced purchase commitments for jurisdictional-scale credits. Because for much of the history of Red Plus, this kind of ex-post payment as a form of investment in forest conservation has been provided through donor agencies out of development assistance funds. And in these programs, the price was usually fixed and, frankly, low in the perspective of the seller countries, and non-negotiable. But the standards were somewhat flexible, as we were learning by doing. And pledges from those donor sources typically averaged about a billion dollars a year. And payments were often slow to follow. But we're now at a moment of transition to market-based finance that's going to be enabled by this boom that we've seen is in demand from a voluntary market over the last 18 months, which, as you mentioned, is a lot of that is composed of nature-based solutions, and particularly forest carbon credits. In my role as the chair of the board of the Architecture for Red Plus Transactions, I participated in the process of developing a new standard called Trees for Jurisdictional Scale Red Plus Crediting. And it builds on all this body of experience from the bilateral and multilateral agreements that have been financed by donor funds. But it's designed to facilitate more business-like transactions with clear prescriptive methodologies so that the standard is non-negotiable, but the price can be flexible. And we're hopeful that this application of this kind of standard and independent verification can really build confidence in the market that can lead to a rapid buildup of demand for these credits that I think Erin will speak to. For now, companies can enter into forward purchase agreements for these kinds of credits. And when they do so, that provides a real incentive for governments to do what is often really politically difficult work of challenging the forces behind deforestation, as usual, and can also incentivize them to engage more effectively with Indigenous and local communities to recognize their rights and roles of leaders on the front lines of forest conservation. The second type of forest-related investment is the kind of upfront finance that's needed to actually produce these high-quality credits. Some of these are costs and actually investing in doing things in the landscape to produce emission reductions and removals. But others are the kinds of investments that are still needed in what we used to call Red Plus Readiness in terms of developing capacity to engage in best practices for social integrity. And I think companies have a role to play in investing in those kinds of processes. But may need to channel their funds through independent third parties to manage the potential conflict of interest between their role in providing that support and their role as buyers of the resulting credits. And the good news is some new funds are being set up as we speak to serve exactly that function. Thank you, Frances. So let me turn to you, Erin, and let's also zoom out a little bit with my first question, which is really about how can carbon finance towards forests help mitigate climate change? Yeah. Thanks, Nicole. And also, before I start, let me thank the forum for hosting this and excited for the light paper. So the question is, how does carbon finance or how can carbon finance help mitigate that climate change? So in my view, really the highest and best use of carbon finance is to solve big global challenges, right? And to do that, we need to address these challenges in a coordinated way that really moved the needle on a climate wedge. And to do that, again, in my view, I think we need collective action to incentivize more capital flowing to change incentives on the ground to make nature worth more alive and dead, as we sometimes like to say. So to do this at scale, I think we need mechanisms, again, for collective action. There is not one NGO, there's not one company, there's not even a government that can do this alone. So we need a collective action response to get to the scale, to align public and private resources and get them moving in the same direction, and only then can we actually move the needle on mitigation in a meaningful timeframe. We know we're in a climate emergency, we're in an extinction crisis, time is of the essence. We need to move far and we need to move fast. As you said initially, we know there is really no plausible pathway to the Paris Agreement temperature targets that does not involve protecting nature, and in particular, ending tropical deforestation within the next decade. We can do all the other things to decarbonize the economy, but we don't reverse deforestation. A 1.5 degree future really is not in the cards. So protecting nature is urgent, effective, and essential, not only for climate mitigation, but also for all the other co-benefits that intact ecosystems provide for local communities and the planet. And there is also a well-established scientific consensus that the urgent priority is really protecting tropical forests, even above planting new trees, which is also important, but we really need to protect the forests that we have right now because the world loses tropical forests at the rate of about 13.7 million hectares per year, equivalent to about a central park. They are the size of central park every 18 minutes. So carbon finance can provide an important mechanism for companies to compensate for the emissions outside their operations and their value change as they work towards net zero. If all companies with science-based targets compensate even a portion of scope 1 to 3 emissions, they can aggregate, generate billions of dollars of financing for forest protection. So investment in high-quality, gestational red emission reduction credits represents, we think, one priority source of low-cost, high-integrity emission reduction credits. We think we need a billion tons per year in climate finance to protect the wild forests. We've been part of an initiative that's called for this, called the Green Digitone Challenge, and we think jurisdictional-scale action is really the way to do this. Thank you. And you're talking about collective action. So my next question is around LEAF and the LEAF coalition. Can you tell us a little bit more about how that came about and what has been achieved so far? Sure. So LEAF, which stands for Lowering Emissions by Accelerating Forest Finance, is a collective action platform, bringing together public and private actors. It was launched last year, per day, at President Biden's White House Leader Summit on climate, with founding participants, including three governments, Norway, UK, US, and nine leading companies, including Amazon, Bayer, Unilever, and others. And the goal of LEAF is to bring together public and private sector really to provide this collective action to reverse tropical deforestation at massive scale. It's, as far as we know, the world's largest public-private coalition focused on ending tropical deforestation. And what we intend to do is unlock and provide predictable, long-term results-based finance for tropical forest countries to provide them with the incentive, the financial incentive, which hopefully translates to political will, to increase ambition to protect their forests. So in terms of progress at COP26 last year in Glasgow, we announced that we had achieved our initial goal of raising a billion dollars in funding commitments from a combination of governments and now over 20 corporate participants. And I want to make just one key point. So in order to participate, companies must meet strict integrity criteria. And I think this was one of the really important things about LEAF. The carbon market has asked the supplier to meet high integrity criteria with third-party standards for a long time. What we need to do also is ensure that buyers are also meeting integrity criteria to ensure that the emission reduction credits are used just to cover residual emissions and that these companies are doing all they can do to meet within their own operations to meet bear net zero targets. So in terms of achievements to date, we now, the coalition now includes 25 corporate participants, we're engaging with additional sovereign donors beyond the UK, US and Norway and looking to bring on additional countries. In our first call for proposals from forest jurisdictions, we received 23 eligible proposals that we're working through right now. We've signed on the supply side, we've signed letters of intent with five countries, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Ghana, Nepal and Vietnam. And we've signed MOUs, Memo's of Understanding with the Interstate Consortium for the Legal Amazon representing eight Brazilian states, also Mexican states of the Alisco, Quintana Roo in the province of Trafa and also four other countries. And we're just beginning, right? We know this is just beginning a billion dollars. Of course, there's a lot of funding in voluntary carbon markets. But again, as I said, we think we need a gigaton per year, which would be 10 billion a year. So we're just beginning and we invite a partnership and participation from other companies, other governments and individuals. Thank you very much, Aaron. Very exciting to see this progress in such a short time. So let's now turn to the corporate perspective. And let me turn to you, Jamie, as part also of the Leave Coalition. Can you tell us more about Amazon's journey towards net zero? Yeah, happy to. Nice to be here. Well, Amazon's first priority, of course, is to drive down our own emissions within our value chain. And that's a difficult task, but we're making real progress in a number of areas. I'll share with you quickly. The Amazon has been for a number of years now the world's largest corporate buyer of new energy. We've ordered 100,000 electric delivery vans and are innovating in areas like bike and foot deliveries. We've already cut packaging waste per shipment by more than a third. And we're innovating in material science to create new low carbon packaging materials that we're putting low carbon concrete into our buildings. We're buying sustainable aviation fuel. We're investing now in green hydrogen and the list goes on. But these investments take time to play out. And even when they do, they won't completely zero out all emissions. So that's the basis for engaging in climate mitigation outside of our value chain. And if we're going to invest real money outside of our value chain, we wanted to start with the biggest and most urgent gaps to the Paris targets and mountain effort that we think could actually make a difference at a global scale. So with that in mind, Amazon worked together with the governments of Norway, United Kingdom, United States, and alongside our friends at urgent and Aaron here to co-found the leaf coalition. And we're joined now by by dozens of other companies, but we're also making and looking ahead to long term investments in carbon levels. But over the course of the next decade, there's really no, no better place and more urgent place for us to put our investment in reducing deforestation. Thank you. And from this, this from your perspective and what you've seen in terms of encouraging more companies to to join, what needs to change or what needs to improve in the carbon finance system? If we are to reach the type of scale that Aaron was talking about, talking about in terms of getting more companies to invest in forest related climate strategies. Yeah, I mean, an objective is scale. But in order to get scale, we need scale. We need a carbon market that has scale. There are a lot of buyers that think they're sitting on the sidelines because because the market's not big enough to accommodate them. So we need scale and we need trust. And right now the carbon market we have neither, frankly. But if you're a big business and you're implementing an ambitious decarbonization plan, it should be straightforward for you to also compensate for your emissions while that plan plays out to buy the number of carbon credits that you need to do so and to have confidence that those credits represent what they claim to and to know that your stakeholders can trust that as well. So today, big companies can't do this and it's a major impediment to climate finance. And that was an impetus for a leaf. Everyone who helped to build the leaf coalition will tell you the reason they did it was to save the rainforest and that's true. But it's also geared in part to address the scale problem in the carbon market and in part to address the trust problem. The leaf alone could be larger than the entire voluntary carbon market is today by multiple. And the crediting approach in the core protocol we're using in leaf is pioneering relative to how the market operates today. The credits are only issued for actual full reductions in deforestation rates over time. Wall to wall across entire large jurisdictions. It's it's a it is a change in the game. It's almost a different currency, frankly. And I'll just add if I may and echo some of Francis's up front points. There are lots of advantages to the jurisdictional approach. But what resonates most clearly to me is the theory of change. And that's ultimately why I'm here is to create change. The science says we have to halt deforestation within the decade. Well, there's no end game on deforestation without effective government policy. You know, the project based red has been doing very important work in in places all over the world for many years and needs to continue to do so. But no matter how many NGOs we send into the forest, we still need legal protections for the forest. We need enforcement of those legal protections. We need recognition of indigenous rights. We need better natural resource planning. All of those are public sector mechanisms. And so if you want more than incremental change, you have to support action by governments. The governments in these regions tend to be low capacity. So if you want them to act and in an enduring way, we need to bring capital. We need to bring a lot of capital. And that's why we helped go found the least coalition. Thank you, Jamie. So talking about policy, let's turn down to Fernando and hear a little bit from the perspective of a forest country. So Fernando, what do you see happening in your jurisdiction that makes Jay Redd an attractive investment? And Nicole, well, thanks for the invitation to be here. So the first thing it's about the scale that everyone is talking about. Look at the state of Mato Grosso. It's the largest commodity producing state in Brazil. It's about the size of Germany and France together. But we still have 60 percent of our territory in forests. So there's a lot of space to produce more, but also to conserve this environmental assets that we have. But I think we see the carbon finance as a way to make this transition on the landscape to a sustainable development and low carbon development that we want. So the second thing is about ambition. We need to create the flow of investments to the landscapes and jurisdiction that are trying to do the right thing. And how do we know that they are trying to do the right thing? So we have the political will. And in spite of everything that we hear about Brazil, there's a lot of will at the subnational level. Mato Grosso is committed to net zero in 2035. The produced concern includes strategy that I represent. It has a wide set of targets for sustainable production, for forest conservation, restoration and inclusion of small holders and indigenous communities. We have this governance that puts together the government, the civil society, the producers and the private sector around these targets and the net zero commitments. So it's also about residents. We have the governance. Mato Grosso has since 2013 a red plus regulation. We already have the radio removers program that is financed by Germany and co-financed by the United Kingdom work in Mato Grosso. We have the benefit sharing. We consulted all the indigenous people in the state to define priority for this kind of investment.  This is what we need to achieve all these targets of net zero and sustainable development. So, yeah, there's not only commitment and speeches, but also has taken a lot of action, especially on the deforestation. We have today the best monitoring system and deforestation control enforcement in among all the legal Amazon states in Brazil. So there's a lot of effort being done and we need the kind of incentive that's coming from carbon finance to continue the work that we are trying to do. Thank you, Fernando. And you mentioned the consultation with indigenous communities. Can you say a little bit more about that and about how this approach can help to support sustainable livelihoods for local communities and indigenous peoples? Yeah, if we look at the state of Montgrosso and we see where this population of traditional communities, the smallholders and indigenous people are concentrated, we still have a lot of forests there. We still have all these environmental assets, but these are also the regions inside Montgrosso with the most vulnerable social and economic conditions. And that's where I believe that the carbon finance is the game changer, because we need to bring value and make sure that the low carbon development is not a combination to poverty. We have already working with the Rider-Lewis program. Look at the largest consultation process of indigenous ethnic groups in Montgrosso. We have 43 different indigenous people in Montgrosso in 75 territories, and they all participated in the definition of their priorities, what they need as investments. As we speak now, we are starting a three-day dialogue with indigenous people in Montgrosso to talk about arteries and emergent and leaf coalition. We are trying to bring this opportunity to support their territories, the supply chains that they are involved with, and to really boost a forest-based economy on those regions that can support the livelihoods of these people and contribute to the state's sustainable development. Thank you very much, Fernando. We have a couple of minutes left, so in closing, maybe Frances and Erin, I want to ask you, because J-RED, it's quite complex for a lot of people. They're trying to make sense of it. If you had one key takeaway message for a corporate watching us today, learning, thinking about how to invest in this, what would be your 32nd key takeaway to a corporate audience? Maybe Frances turning to you first. I think I would just echo Jamie's point that tropical deforestation is the key urgent priority for climate mitigation overall, not just because of the role of forests in the global carbon cycle, but because of all of the local sustainable development benefits, as well as science showing that actually the global cooling effect of tropical forests is much more than just that generated through the carbon cycle. So for all kinds of reasons, we really need to incentivize protection of those forests. And the best way we know to do that is to move forward with crediting for carbon at jurisdictional scale to provide the governments of those jurisdictions with the value proposition they need in dealing with their domestic political economies to do the hard work of challenging the drivers of forest loss that are currently leading to the large rate of losses that we're seeing today. The only thing I would add is a lot of corporates have been involved in, if they've been involved in carbon markets or carbon finance, they've probably been involved in projects. And I think there have been some very good projects and some projects I think, as Jamie said, projects have done some very good things on landscapes. But we're at a critical turning point in the fight against climate change and deforestation, frankly. And it's very hard to envision how we get to the scale and speed that we need with lots of little projects. So the only way to do that, in my view, is through a jurisdictional approach. We've got to move far and fast. And so if a corporate is interested in actually really joining an effort to help solve the global challenge, there's really no other solution than to move towards a jurisdictional approach. It's really about scale and speed and impact. Thank you very much. So I'd like to thank you all for your contributions and a very interesting panel discussion. And I'd also like to thank our viewers who tuned in today to listen to this session and finally, in closing, if you're watching us today and you want to give your feedback, there's a QR code that's gonna appear shortly. You can scan the QR code and answer the questions. And so thank you all. Stay tuned for the release of our report next week and have a good rest of your day. Bye-bye. Thank you.


I wonder who's laughing now. I Tried to tell them you don't know the power of the dork side There are less than 48 hours left. I should get some sleep. Can I sleep? I don't think I can sleep Does Darth Vader ever sleep? Maybe he sleeps in that weird spherical meditation chamber thing Or does he just meditate in there? Why do Sith Lords meditate anyways? I thought that there were supposed to be about anger and passion and stuff Maybe he has a bunch of pictures of things that just make him really angry in there Yes, if this is your first time watching the show I am a huge fan of Star Wars and I'm very excited for the new movies as you can see I'm totally prepared to go geek out in line with a bunch of fellow geeks for a couple of hours And it's pretty damned obvious that I'm not the only one I mean Disney marketing is something special But the incessant cultural celebration and advertisement for a new Star Wars movie that might actually be good is Approaching truly hysteric levels Star Wars the t-shirt Star Wars the coloring book Star Wars the lunchbox Star Wars the breakfast cereal Star Wars the flamethrower the kids love that one. No, but seriously This is beyond absurd. There's new Star Wars branded merchandise everywhere You can buy the Force Awakens branded makeup and produce for goodness sake. There aren't even any movies yet Understandably, there's a few people who recognize just how out of hand this whole Star Wars zeitgeist is getting and are telling people to temper their expectations With good reason at the current level of marketing hype for this new movie Coupled with genuine fan enthusiasm, which has somehow been resurrected from the ashes of the prequel trilogy This film is going to need to bring at least a dozen people back from the dead or un-sink Atlantis to live up to the hype It simply can't be done But there's another position beyond that call for levelhead in this a more severe countercurrent to the current hysteria Some people be they cynics or pessimists or whatever Assert that the most reasonable position to hold with respect to the Force Awakens or any new media or anything Is to believe that it's going to suck until proven otherwise The intuitive argument for this point of view is that a pessimistic approach avoids the possibility of something like what happened with the prequel trilogy where elation and excitement Nose dived into absolute horror at the discrepancy between our expectations and Supposedly if you're cautiously pessimistic being wrong just means being pleasantly surprised Whereas being right is cushioned by smug satisfaction and I told you so optimism only leaves room for disappointment Interestingly, there is a scientific basis for not buying into hype Optimism bias is a documented psychological phenomenon sort of like an optical illusion for prediction When we're trying to figure out what's going to happen human brains imagine the best-case scenario Rather than what's most likely there are several manifestations of this principle up to 80% of drivers think that they're better than average And a similar proportion of married couples believe that their marriage is going to last longer than average Also, if you ask someone how much time they'll probably need on average to complete a certain task and then ask them How much time they'd need in the absolute best-case scenario where everything goes, right? The difference between those two numbers isn't as large as you might think Optimism bias leads people to poor decision-making in all sorts of different ways And it may very well apply to predictions of the quality of a new Star Wars movie I mean if the original trilogy was really good and the prequel trilogy was really bad Then on average we should kind of expect a new movie to be kind of However, that's not the whole story accurate predictions are great for making decisions But we're talking about something that's way more complicated than taking a checkbox somewhere that says good or bad What we really want is to optimize that whole Star Wars hype expectations audience behavior satisfaction system to get the best results and there's some compelling evidence That the cynic's pundit square isn't the most important thing to consider for that in their 2014 paper waiting for Merlot Anticipatory consumption of experiential and material purchases Psychology researchers Kumar killingsworth and Jilovich studied what they called hedonic differences between different sorts of consumer behavior Basically, how much pleasure people derived from different sorts of purchases while a lot of research had already been performed on how buying different things Affected people after the purchase Kumar and friends realized that there was a whole bunch of enjoyment that people got Before buying something that was totally unaccounted for they used several different methods to collect information about the before and After of purchases and they discovered some very interesting trends For example compared to material goods like a new car or a flat-screen TV Experiential goods like a vacation or comic-con tickets tended to produce more long-lasting happiness The hedonic spike that you get when you buy some cool new toy fades rapidly as you become accustomed to it being there While experiences are more of a slow burn Contributing the happiness as fond memories, which you recall again and again But here's the bit that's especially interesting for our problem according to the study's findings There is more total happiness in the time leading up to a purchase than there is in the time following it Making anticipation responsible for a greater proportion of consumer satisfaction than anything else Apparently having isn't so pleasing a thing as wanting. It may not be logical, but it appears to be true Sorry, that was a Star Trek reference. I don't know where that came from If that's the case whatever the quality of the new Star Wars movie whether it's as Disappointing as Jar Jar Binks or as impossibly fantastic as Disney's marketing department would have us believe These days leading up to it are where the lion's share of the enjoyment for it lie In that the cynic's ideal of pleasantly surprised is emitting a large part of the picture by suppressing their enthusiasm They're missing out on most of the fun. Of course remembering our psychological tendency for optimism bias. They may well be right It may suck big time that possibility is much more likely than our intuitions would have us believe and it's Nigh impossible that it will live up to the current insanity of hype. I mean people have BB8 tattoos already There is a trailer. That's it But that shouldn't stop any Star Wars fans from enjoying and relishing in the excitement I mean, it's so cool to live in a world That's this excited about a space opera where I get to wear this costume out on the town tomorrow night and carry around a lightsaber and full view of everyone and for a brief moment the geeks will have inherited the earth This is an awesome time to be a fan of sci-fi and I hope that you'll join me in freaking out a little bit May the force be with you. Have you ever experienced optimism bias? What do you think is in Vader's meditation chamber? Please leave a comment below and let me know what you think Thank you very much for watching. Don't forget to blah blah subscribe blah share and don't stop thunking