Nikola Greco heads CryptoNet Lab at Protocol Labs, where he works to build technological empowerment through providing secure building blocks for Web3 technologies. Today, he'll be speaking to us about his work on the Filecoin Data Retrievability Consortium. Welcome, Nikola. Hello, everyone. It's a pleasure to be here. I am actually representing Iran, and I was meant to give this presentation, but due to last-minute issues, she couldn't join. And this is most of Iran's work, and I'm here just to present this. So the key topic of this presentation is how can we guarantee retrieval from decentralized storage networks? There are several storage networks like Filecoin, which do offer retrieval, but not retrieval as a guarantee, and we will dive into this more. It's very important that the retrievalability of files from the decentralized storage network must be web-scaled. So we can't just have a small decentralized storage network with a small amount of files that can be retrieved. Anything on the web should be able to be retrieved. And also, this allows not just the unbounded retrieval from storage, but unbounded onboarding of new files in our network. We're going to cover four topics and talk briefly about Kryptonite, and then about data availability and friends, data retrieval, the topic of this conversation, and then one of our proposals. If we work on data retrieval, it's because we believe it's important, but it doesn't mean that the other topics that we will look into, like data availability and proof of storage are not important. We're also working on this. For context, Kryptonite is a crypto cryptography applied research group, where we do fundamental crypto research, vector commitments, NARCs, and so on, but also protocol design. And our goal is to have our group of researchers to collaborate with several other researchers to grants or collaborations. And out of these collaborations, we will have new researchers, DAOS, new projects, and so on. Through time, we published several papers in the academic world related to proof of storage, consensus protocols, and so on. But also we made the substantial improvements to the file calling network, some of the most notable were SNAP back or SNAP deal. And one of the things that we also do is we gather a lot of ideas and start conversations on potential new protocol design. And all of our work is public, all the work that we do with other organizations is public, and you can see our Kryptonite notebook, which is where we post down ideas the moment they come to us. Some of these ideas, like the one that we're presenting, may make into products as well. So let's talk in high level about data availability. The protocols of data availability can be divided in two steps. One is dispersed and one is retrieved. Dispersed protocol works more or less like this. The node that wants to distribute the data distributes to several nodes. Majority of the nodes approve that they have seen the data and then the protocol can continue. If majority of the nodes don't give approval of the data being seen, then the protocol holds or wait until there is a disapproval. Why? Because it's very important for data availability protocols, the data is distributed and the data had the chance to be distributed to enough nodes such that when we want to retrieve, there is at least one of N in some protocols or M of N in other protocols, available nodes, honest nodes, they're willing to serve the data. This is perfect for, sorry, this perfect for roll up data or blockchain data because this data doesn't have to be preserved for a long time, it can be proven and we need to make sure that at the moment of distribution, not only a few miners saw it, but as many nodes as possible. But there is some negative aspects of data availability as a theoretical problem. One is that it requires honesty assumption, then node will serve the data. There is, in most protocols, there is no guarantee that these nodes will be willing to serve the data later on. And the second problem is that it requires consensus on dispersal, which means that there's a limit of the throughput of new data that can be dispersed in a consensus protocol. Why? One of the core properties of a consensus protocol is that data gets distributed well enough so that everyone can verify that something has happened in the correct way. And in fact, most of these protocols aim at one to four megabytes per second, which is unfortunately not web-scaled if you want to do a storage network or guaranteeing retrieval. Reminder, retrieval is not guaranteed in these settings. Then there is another approach, which is the proof of storage approach, which is the one that we mostly use in Filecoin and many other protocols use this as well. The idea is that the node distributes the data to as many nodes that they feel that they're willing to replicate the data to. This works in Filecoin, it's different for other protocols. And then from this moment onwards, storage providers generate a proof on a daily basis in the case of Filecoin to prove that they kept on storing the file. But even in this case, there is not strong cryptographic guarantee that the file will be served. The way we guarantee in Filecoin, of course, is that there's always, we believe that if you distribute your file with several storage providers, or if you pick storage providers that do the reputation, then these storage providers will do a great job and that's how most protocols guarantee the retrieval. And this guarantees onboard the throughput because we don't have to have agreement or consensus on the fact that the file has been distributed. It's the role of the client to make sure that the miners, the storage providers have received the file. So data retrieval is trying to solve these two problems. Unbound onboarding and the guaranteeing of retrieval which doesn't rely on assumption of one of M nodes are honest. Also, most of these protocols are not really designed for providing the retrieval long-term. And while most of the previous, while the availability, it's great for solutions are great for roll-ups, they might not be great for say NFTs. Especially if we think that NFTs may be the standard for any digital asset, then one to four megabytes per second is not gonna be enough. Plus, we don't want our data to be pruned in the future. We want to make sure that data can still be retrieved later on. So can we have a proof of delivery? So someone gives you a file and I have a proof that they can give me a file. Otherwise I would prove that they cannot give me a file. Well, we can't really have this without adding other assumptions. If we were other assumptions, so for example, there is a third party that checks that these exchanges been done, then that would be perfect. But without trusted party assumptions, then this is not possible. So let's look at some attempts on how we go around guaranteeing retrieval. One way, the naive way, is to use the blockchain as a weakness. So if we assume that data in the blockchain is always gonna be served by nodes in the network, then what we can do, we can do the following. We ask data to the storage provider. The storage provider doesn't give the data to us. We force them to post the data on chain. Now, clearly we can post a hash on chain. We can't post one megabyte file. So this will never work for files there or data that is gigabytes big. So this technology, so storing data on chain doesn't work for large data. The other alternative idea is proof of retrieval is a beautiful primitive that as you query the storage providers to give you proof of the retrievality, they leak data. But it takes a very long time to leak a full file. So the idea would be to keep on querying the miners with proof of retrievality until they give you a full file. This works for small data. This doesn't work for large data. So the alternative is to have a trusted single party. But that wouldn't be ideal. And can we have a trusted third party that is decentralized? And this is pretty much the approach that other oracles take. So for example, chain link as a network of users that agree on the price that they see across exchanges for Bitcoin. And in a very similar way, we are proposing an oracle which says whether or not a file can be retrieved or not. And it works in high level works like this. So the node ask for the retrieval to several storage providers. None of them gives them the file. And then the node goes to the oracle that says, I didn't receive the file. Go check if you can receive the file. The oracle goes and check. And if they don't receive the file, then they slash the storage provider assuming that there is some collateral that the storage provider must put in order to participate in this protocol. If they receive the file, well, then the retrievability oracle has seen the file and the retrievability oracle conserved the file back to the node. And this is in high level, one of the simple solutions that we're proposing. There are many big questions we will not cover in this conversation on how can we make an oracle these are true through telling incentivize the network. The MVP, which we will show at the end is having the oracle as a network of referee and the clients and provider agree on a retrievability deal. You can think of this almost as an insurance contract on a retrieval of a file. When the client requests the file and it doesn't get it back, then it appeals to the referee, the referee or the oracle, the referee committee. Then we have a particular protocol where instead of querying the entire committee we query a subset, even a single node as a single committee node. They go and check if they can retrieve the file, if yes, they serve it back, if not after K attempts of different referees then the provider is penalized. This is the state machine of what I just discussed. Soon we're gonna have a very nice diagram but we're working towards a prototype that is gonna show in the next few slides. There are other several steps in the protocol which is to sign up, the provider must sign up, we have a sampling of the referee which follows a particular protocol and then the retrieval deal. The goal of the retrieval deal is that it can be possible on chain. The beauty of this protocol is that it could be cross-chain also. The appeal works very simply as I described before and there are two retrieval steps. The retrieval step number one is that the leader doesn't get the file and so if the leader doesn't get the file then they propagate a message saying that they didn't get the file and they go to the next step. If the leader sees the file then they share the file to the rest of the, to the rest of the committee and the majority of the committee signs that they've seen the file and that's how we skip posting the file on chain. We just sample a smaller network to check that the file is available and propagated and it can be witnessed. If the protocol can receive the file this means that the file was there from the storage provider and can then be propagated to the client. If there are K messages where the file was not well distributed then the storage provider gets lashed and you can think of this as lashing almost like an insurance contract where the retrievability deal, in the retrievability deal the client puts a premium that the minor will get if they're always honest at the end of the period and when the deal expires and if the deal is still active and the file is not being delivered to the client then they get lashed. We're a prototype of this smart contract and we deployed this smart contract three days ago and it's live on Ethereum Testnet and you can create deals and the way you create, you can create deals, you can see where are the live deals, you can cancel, create them, withdraw funds from contracts and there's this lashing process and right now we have a small set of retrieval nodes that are part of the referee nodes that are part of the comedy and this is how it's gonna look like and this UX is just for the MVP and anyone can put any IPFS CID in here they can put what is the value of the deal, the premium and then what is the duration of the deal and so for example someone wants to make sure the candidate deal throughout the course of a month and then you will be able to manage your deals, deals are stored as NFTs and so you will be able to see NFTs in your wallet that shows which files you wanted to ensure. The goals of this project is that we don't want to be a new network by any meaning, we want to be able to compose with every network. We want to give the ability for anyone that want to ensure, sorry, we want to give the ability for anyone to ensure IPFS files and any node, not just file coin nodes, should be able to provide the service. Of course we want to target file coin first and although the smart contract has been deployed on Ethereum as soon as we have the FDM this is going to be made in Fycorn as well. Another goal is that it must compose with other ability solutions and that we are, our product labs and in CryptoNet in particular are also working on and the goal is that there will be a set of smart contracts that other future providers can pack up and offer a single optimal ability solution. And we want to give flexibility on pricing so clients and storage provider can choose the premium and the slashing. And then finally, we want to be WebScale. We want to make sure that any file, any data on Fycorn can be insured and also data from other storage providers. This is the QR code for the Data Retailability Oracle project. As I said before, I'm just representing the project. This has been worked from Luca and Irana at CryptoNet with the help from Sebastiano at Yamadigital and Giorna from HAD. And you can join the conversations on the NewsLack channel that we created which is called Retailability Oracle. And more broadly, there is a lot of work that we work on at CryptoNet from SNAP research to vector commitments to threshold network and Fycorn improvement proposals and we're always looking for great engineers to join our team and in particular, product managers that can take some of these ideas and turn them into products. So if you're interested in that contact us, if you're working on similar solutions and you want to integrate with our, with the Data Retailability Oracle but also with other projects that you're working on, feel free to reach out. Excellent. Thank you, Nikola and Luca and Irana for that interesting overview of your work on Retrievability. Really exciting news about that prototype. Look forward to seeing it deployed on FEM and for giving us some insight into your future goals about composability and scalability in the retrieval research. We have time for a few questions and we've got one over here. I'm just curious if what you would consider like prior art in this or like, what have you been inspired by on the sort of retrieval insurance thing? I think that, so let me put it in this way. Since 2017, some of us have been thinking about these problems and in the past five years, we looked into a lot of different things from. So I've been influenced personally by a lot of people that cross through protocol labs even in person, in the company but also at events like this. There has been several things that we didn't think that would work in the past and then they got wide adoption. And then there's a protocol that is changing. I think they do Oracle really well. And what's very interesting about that is that the economics works out such that in order to fake the Oracle, so fake an Oracle outcome, you need to buy a large amount of tokens in the engineering and that's very expensive. And so the question is, is a solved problem to do an Oracle for getting values of websites? It's very difficult to do an Oracle that retrieves storage from storage providers or even from IPFS nodes and then it serves the data back. So that's a little bit more of an Oracle. And most of the, I think, Chaining has inspired a lot of this in a way. And then also in other solutions that we have protocol labs that some that didn't make and some that are working in a different way. For example, FiveCon Saturn is a great example to look into and this is just a different take on renewable living. And this by no means the best way, this is one of the many and it provides a specific service which is insurance on renewable. Thanks, one more question. Cheers, thanks very much for the really good talk, Nicola. I was just gonna ask you to expand a little bit more if you wouldn't mind about the insurance model and how you're thinking about the pricing and what kind of factors and how that's structured.  And so what we decided was that instead of writing inside the protocol, what would be a good price for insurance, we left it open. Or what is the token that needs to be used for insurance? We decided to leave it open to the market. And this gives, of course, a lot of flexibility in the, I'm sure in the MVP, we're gonna pick some members who are working with I think with some people from BlockScience trying to understand what would be a good value or a good pricing mechanism. But there's one, so to answer you, I don't have a good answer on what would be a good price. There are too many factors to be taken into consideration and there's still analysis that needs to be built through this. But there's one thing that is important is that it doesn't mean that the search provider is necessarily losing dollars or file coin. It could even be that the search provider puts as collateral some reputation score. There's another project that Luca is gonna present later on which is called the storage metrics now. And the idea is to collect metrics from the network. And these metrics are basically the reputation of a storage provider.  So that's interesting for collateral. And in case we want to have under collateralized the retrievability deals. Then on the premium, I think likewise, the premium, if it's a file that is very important, the client can put whatever premium to the miner as a reward. Thanks again. For those that are interested in doing pricing models for this, this is the best time to get into this lecture and get in contact with us. Great, with that call to action, I think we'll thank the Data Retrievability Consortium one more time.


In these videos, we don't reveal any addresses and even though I've done a house tour of my own place, please do not show up at any private residences because it's not safe for anyone. Kate Hudson's compound in Pacific Palisades, California is stunning to say the least, but it's also sentimental. Her main residence is actually the childhood home she grew up in. Her mother, Goldie Hahn and her longtime partner, Kurt Russell, owned the Plush Mansion in the 1970s but sold it over a decade later. Kate bought it back in 2005, making the home her own and further purchasing the home next door in 2011 for $5.3 million. The result? A massive property made up of two luxury mansions. Kate Hudson is an actress and businesswoman who's received multiple awards over her Hollywood career. Some of her popular films include Almost Famous, How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days and Bride Wars just to name a few. When she's not busy acting, Kate is also an entrepreneur with her brand Fabletics. At the time, she has an estimated net worth of around $80 million, enough to buy not only one mansion but two neighboring homes. And Kate isn't the only one who gets to enjoy this lavish spread. Her family does too. Kate has three children, sons, Ryder and Bingham, and in 2018 she welcomed her first daughter, Ronnie Rose, with her current partner, Danny Fujikawa. Hey guys, it's Care the Vampire Slayer back with another exclusive house tour here on Famous Entertainment. This time, we're checking out the homes of actress Kate Hudson. Don't forget to like, subscribe, and hit me up on Instagram to chat. Now let's get into this video. As I mentioned, Kate's current home is in fact the childhood abode she grew up in. Her mother, Goldi Han and her longtime partner Kurt Russell bought the luxury spread, located in Pacific Palisades, California back in the 1970s but sold it about a decade later. It seems that Kate couldn't escape the sentimental tug of this neighborhood or this home she and her family once lived in because back in 2003 she began living in the mansion again and still does to this day. If that's not enough, the actress also grabbed the home directly next door in 2011 for a similar price, creating one massive compound. Anyways, they used that one for guests apparently and Kate, her fiance Danny and her three children live in the main house, which boasts seven bedrooms. There are other stunning features here like a massive garden, a swimming pool, and a spa. Under the interiors, Kate seemingly took inspiration from her mom with vintage furnishings throughout that look similar to many in Goldi's next door mansion. Kate has shown a photo in her bedroom, which offers floral wallpaper, a rustic oak dresser, and a retro floral desk lamp. Another pic showed her massive bed with an olive green plush headboard and cream-colored linens. Moving to the main hallway, Kate has a winding off-white wooden staircase, a brown stair runner, and paintings with gold frames along the wall. All of this, along with the floral wall lights, add to an old-school ambiance. At Christmas, Kate showed her vodka tree located in what's called her bar room. Each branch was made from bottles of vodka with white and pink roses scattered throughout, while the rest of the room boasted more floral wallpaper and striped curtains and black. This space used to be Kate's office, so when they transformed it, they transitioned the built-ins into storage for bottles and added stunning glass storage. If you didn't already guess, vodka is Kate's drink of choice and to prove that, she launched her own brand, called King Street Vodka. What looks like it's Kate's master bath also has floral wallpaper and a lux freestanding tub. Kate cooks a lot, so it makes sense that her kitchen is a stylish space. Here, there's an orange and brown vintage backsplash and duck egg blue cupboards. There's also a large work island in the middle and off to one side of the room, an attached casual eating nook with boost-style seating. This room is further attached to a cozy den. On the grounds of the home also, there's a sprawling outdoor pool lined with white wooden fence and attached spa. There's even an additional pool house to match. If you haven't guessed, Kate and her mom Goldie share a very close bond. In fact, they're neighbors too. If she had it her way, she would move even closer to her mom. Kate told People Magazine, she's down the street. We're literally neighbors. Not to mention, I want to buy the property next door to them, which is another thing I need to discuss with my therapist. In 2011, Kate acquired the mansion directly next door to her main home, a 1935 Tudor Revival estate with five beds and 6.5 bath. Kate uses this home as a guest house for her lucky visitors and she's also lived in it while her main mansion was undergoing serious renovations. Sounds pretty convenient. Kate paid $5.3 million for the 7,000 square foot crib, which was built in the 30s by an heir to a lumber fortune and owned and expanded in the late 1980s by showbiz exec Brad Grave. The estate is built in an L shape and boasts a double gated driveway for security and a motor core out front. The main door is tucked into a corner of brick and stone that wraps around the ground level and supports the second floor, which is half timber. Inside Kate's bonus mansion, the renovated home kept the original features like the sprawling great room with fireplace and an oak panel dining room, as well as a classy library decked out in Mahogany. In the stunning library, there are vaulted ceilings, built in bookcases and a fireplace. The kitchen had been updated right before Kate purchased it and therefore offered all of the amenities one could possibly desire. There's a sprawling center island ideal for food prep, commercial grade appliances, a butler's pantry and a convenient little breakfast nook and lounge that opens via French doors to a terrace. Elsewhere, a large space above the extended garage now includes a family room with built-in entertainment system, vaulted ceilings, a guest bedroom, two baths, a loft and just when you thought that was all, there's even a home gym with mirrored walls and a sauna. Outside the grounds, which also conveniently attached to Kate's main family home, there's a large stone patio which is partly shaded and runs the back of the house. It's the perfect spot to check out views over the trees and the neighborhood. There's also a swimming pool with raised spa that's surrounded by a cute white picket fence and rose bushes. There's even a small playhouse with a front yard of its own, perfect for Kate's youngest. Alright, now we've checked out where Kate Hudson calls home so that wraps up this house tour. But it was pretty cool that she bought back the mansion she grew up in and still lives there to this day. Only this time, she's also bought the mansion next door because she has double the property. That's what I would call gold. Out of what we could see of her main residence, what did you guys think? I for one thought her vintage decorating style was super cool. I also love the design of the Tudor mansion she bought next door. It has a ton of charm. Well, be sure to let me know your thoughts on Kate's homes down in the comments. Thanks for watching. Don't forget to follow me on Instagram and I'll see you all in the next video. Bye.


Wow, no Hunter Henry in the top 10 you bugging is this hunter Henry's burner account? You can't have McCaffrey at one when he missed nearly the full season based off of last season Henry should be one yeah And I guess James Robinson should be a top seven running back in rankings because he finished in the top seven last year forget The fact that they drafted Travis ETN James Robinson top seven running back locking in who put Dak in front of Russell I did that was me I put Dak Prescott ahead of Russell Wilson my rankings as did the thousands of other people who are drafting right now because his average Draft position is ahead of Russell Wilson's Where's Julio? You mean like what team does he play for now? He's on the Tennessee Titans He's on a run-first offense where he's not the top option in that offense So he's not in my top 10 Kyle Pitts hasn't even played a snap in the NFL Lol, I guess that means he sucks then right guess we forgot about Mike number 88 We still get disrespected. Why is this person talking like Mike Kosicki as a character on Friday night lights? Do this guy really make a top 10 list and not include chubb. I really hope he doesn't get paid to do this Hey, buddy. Guess what? I do get paid to do this. You jealous This list is from some other universe, how do you not have Mike Evans in the top 10 complete idiocy? Yeah, Mike Evans, he probably should be in the top 10 because last year on 13 touchdowns He finished as the wide receiver 16 in points per game What has Zeke done to get a spot that high guys when Dak Prescott was healthy last year Ezekiel Elliott was a top 5 running back in the years before that. He's ranked third third seventh and fifth in half PPR scoring It's not hard to envision Ezekiel Elliott as a top 10 running back this year Have you seen Zeke do anything in the past two years mix in equals bust always hurt Now look, I understand if you don't like Joe mix in that's fine, but all these people hating on Ezekiel Elliott I feel like I'm playing a completely different game than you as Ezekiel Elliott has been so good in fantasy football What are you guys doing? Where's Josh Jacobs? Trust me this year is unreal for him.  If you like Josh Jacobs Why are these people putting Josh Jacobs in their top 10? These rankings are a joke, right?   This is serious stuff That guy who just won Super Bowl MVP for the fifth time had a QBR over a hundred and kept all of his offensive players should probably be hired Just a thought. Oh, you mean the guy who had the third highest touchdown rate of his career last year the one who threw for 40 touchdowns And despite all that still finishes the QB 10 and points per game that guy Unless you're in a league where you get points for Super Bowl MVP Tom Brady shouldn't be ranked that much higher than QB 10. Just a thought


Magnets. How do those freaking things work? We have written records going back to 400 BC or so from cultures such as the Chinese or the Greeks in the ancient world that describe what we now know as the magnetic phenomenon. This is simply an attractive or repulsive force between two seemingly inanimate objects that have no physical contact with one another. It's very easily demonstrated. Many of you have definitely seen this before.  These are just craft magnets purchased for cheap from a craft store. Depending on which end of the magnet I actually pointed another stack of magnets, I can get an attractive or repulsive force. For instance, there's attraction and I can get repulsion by aiming just the right end at the magnets themselves. We see that this phenomenon has an attractive and a repulsive aspect. We've seen this before. Electric charge also has an attractive and a repulsive aspect. We've described these aspects using electric fields, electric charges. So is there a magnetic charge? What is the source of magnetism? Well in this lecture video we're going to explore that and our key thing that we're going to want to figure out is just f***ing magnets. How do they work? And I don't want to talk to a scientist. Y'all are f***ing clients and getting me pissed. Solar eclipse and vicious weather. Fifteen thousand juggalos together. Anyone who tells you these days that magnetism is not understood that it's a complete mystery to our species is either lying to you or very ignorant. I mean the fact is that we've actually had an excellent working understanding of magnetism going back to, you know, well after the Greeks or the Chinese were playing with minerals like this that they found in the earth. People were understanding compasses and the motion of the compass needle. They were understanding the behaviors of man-made magnets engineered more like this one well through the 1800s and so the very end of the 1800s when thanks to the tireless efforts of people like Carl Friedrich Gauss, Christian Ursted, Bio, Sivar, Faraday, famous names now in the physics community a great deal was not only discovered about the magnetic phenomenon but explained. And in this lecture what I'm going to do is talk a little bit about magnetic fields and what magnets do under the influence of magnetic fields but also what electric charge does in response to the presence of the magnetic field. It's exploring charge in its relationship to magnetic fields and magnetic fields and their relationships to electric charge something we've been looking at so far in the context of the electric field that will tell us the most about magnetism and its deeper more fundamental nature not just arising seemingly out of little inanimate blocks like this but actually having a fundamental connection to subatomic particles like the electron. We're usually exposed to magnetism early on in childhood. For instance if we go camping or go wandering in the woods behind our house if we had woods behind our house we might take a compass with us. A compass is nothing more than a magnet that can respond to the much larger magnetic field of the earth which emanates from its magnetic poles north and south and we can use that to move other magnets in our hand and from that figure out the direction of north. Or perhaps we play with things like refrigerator magnets. These for instance will set to surfaces and they can hold notes. They can do all kinds of useful work for us. These days magnets are used in things like the Apple computer power adapters so that you no longer have a mechanical connection of power into your laptop. You have a magnetic connection and that can be easily broken without doing mechanical damage to the plug. It's an attractive feature of magnets that they can connect without physical mechanical connections that have to be made that uses simply the magnetic force. So first what I'd like to do is I'd like to explore the description of the magnetic force, the attraction and the repulsion through the application of the field concept. That is that from magnets there arises magnetic field so for instance often on a magnet you'll see an N marking a north pole something like that and an S marking a south pole. What does that mean? Well in the magnetic analogy to the electric charge north poles are the source of the magnetic field. It would perhaps emanate out in a loop like this and it would end on a south pole much in the same way that for electric charge you have positive charges that are the sources of electric field, negative charges that are the recipients, the sinks of magnetic field. So north pole, south pole, north is the source of magnetic field, south is the recipient or the sink of magnetic field. Things to keep in mind definitions that we'll need going forward. Magnets are actually quite a lot of fun and we can begin to explore the field a little bit and the structure of the field just by taking some of these little craft magnets and playing with them. I've made a stack out of them you can see that this is just made from a bunch of little magnets all stacked together and what I can try to do is I can try to bring for instance two south poles next to each other. This would be equivalent to bringing for instance two negative charges next to one another and we kind of know what happens when you bring two like sign charges near each other they repel and very similarly you see that it's very hard for me to you know bring these together I'm struggling actually to get them to even physically contact each other and it's almost impossible. I actually can't even get the materials to press against one another. It's a very effective force. Now if I were to flip this around on the other hand keep one of the poles south for instance and now expose the north pole to the other side no problem. So you have that very nice crisp attractive force you can get a very satisfying click out of these little craft magnets. So we clearly can demonstrate the attractive and the repulsive aspects of the magnetic phenomenon and it seems to lend itself very well to a field description. After all we have action at a distance with no physical contact whatsoever in fact bringing two same poles together will result in zero physical contact in this case. They really don't want to be with one another so we won't make them go that way. But we can take a look at this a little bit and describe this using the field concept. We can explore the same phenomena that I've been showing you in person using a computer simulation. Now this is one of the so-called FET demonstrators. It can demonstrate physical phenomena, physics principles using a computer simulation.  It's got a north end which emits magnetic field. It's got a south end that absorbs magnetic field and this simulation is designed to mimic what we see in the world around us. Whenever we have a magnetic material it always seems to have a north end and a south end. That is if you bring another magnet near it there will always be two ends that repel when put together, flip them around and they'll still repel, flip only one of them and you'll get an attraction between them. We've never seen in nature what's called the magnetic monopole. A monopole is just a north or a south pole in isolation all by itself with no accompanying other. So a north with no south, a south with no north. We always see things like this in nature. The compass is just a little bar magnet and here we have a little bar magnet. As far as we can tell all magnets are bar magnets and we'll explore a little bit about why this is as we get into something a little bit later in the course. But as far as we can tell north ends always come with south ends and south ends always come with north ends and it's unavoidable. So magnetism is already a little bit different than what we are used to thinking about from electricity where you have positive charge and negative charge and you can separate them and isolate them. One of them we treat as the source of electric field. One of them we treat as the sink of electric field. We can visualize the electric field using the show field option here. So all they've done is that at these points in space they've placed teeny weeny little bar magnets and the little bar magnets spin and they respond to the presence of the bar magnet. So you see that the compass end, the red, is the north pole that's attracted to the south pole and these little magnets out here that are mapping out our magnetic field for us. The little red ends point toward the south and the little white ends point toward the north. So the opposites attract each other. But every one of these little magnets has a north and south end because again in nature we just haven't seen mono poles. We haven't seen singular north and south poles. They may be out there but no one's ever managed to observe one. And our understanding of where magnetism arises from doesn't necessarily need magnetic mono poles in order to make sense of the world around us. But it would be actually kind of neat if they existed for reasons I won't get into but if you're curious about it you can ask me. Now what's interesting about this, the fact that we've never seen a separated north pole from a south pole is that it means that the minimum magnetic field that you will ever find in nature is our friend the dipole field. Remember the dipole from electricity, a positive end and an equal magnitude but opposite sign negative end bound together emitting the sort of funky field which radiates outward on the ends and circles in the middle back on itself. Well, there it is. There's the dipole field. And that's because the minimum configuration of magnetic fields that we've ever observed in nature are dipole fields. There's always a north end. There's always a south end. So you always have magnetic field coming out on the north, cycling back to the south. Some of it will shoot all the way out the ends and go and find a south pole on another magnet someplace. So maybe over here you've got this north pole which is now a source of magnetic fields that can point into this south pole over here. But basically that's it, dipole fields. And so all the behavior of magnets that we know about are at minimum dipole behaviors. Magnets will orient themselves in the magnetic fields of another magnet. They'll spin in response to the presence of the field. Any attraction that occurs, occurs very similar to the way that the dipole attraction works between dipoles. It's a non-uniform field. So you have different forces on the ends of the poles and you get attraction as a result or a collision as a result. You get acceleration basically. If I flip the polarity around here I can put the north pole closer to the compass over on the left and you see that the south end flips around to meet this. So I can keep doing this and this flipping it back and forth. This is actually kind of interesting because you've already seen something kind of cool that can happen. You might imagine that if we could actually get this to happen in real life we could get something to spin mechanically in response to a changing, a flipping of polarity, a switching of the poles north and south, north and south. If we're able to do this in the right rhythm I could keep something spinning for a really long time. Look at that and believe it or not that principle is really super important in the world around us. We'll come back to it later and explore that in more depth. I can do a real demonstration of this magnet and compass thing. So if I take a magnet and I put it next to a compass you see that it flips, the compass needle flips in response to which pole of the magnet I aim at it and I can keep flipping the magnet and getting the compass needle to spin around as a result.  You see the compass needle just keeps moving wherever I move one pole and then I can keep reorienting the magnet, flip it around, flip the compass needle around as a result. Very easy to do and is the principle of a very important device that we use all the time in the modern world. So I have here just a vessel that's filled with water and ordinary iron filings. So you can just kind of tip it around, see the little iron filings move inside and if I shake this up to really uniformly distribute the iron filings so that they're nice and uniform inside of the water in the vessel. There we go. All right now it's all pretty much homogenous inside there and I can take a little bar magnet and see it here. It's got a north end, it's got a south end. You'll see in a minute drop it into this vessel and watch, watch very carefully. As the magnet sits there for a while all the little iron filings which are themselves tiny little bar magnets each with a north end and a south end. They'll begin to line up just like those compasses in the computer simulation and map out the magnetic field of the bar magnet. You can see that there's one pole and then at the top end you've got the other pole. You can see all the little filings clumping around the poles. The field bends out from the bows out from the center connecting the north pole and the south pole and then field lines radiate out from the north poles and south poles out into space as well. It's really quite a cool little demonstration easy to do with some iron filings, water and a little bar magnet. You can map out the magnetic field and see that it's a dipole field. It looks exactly like the dipole field we saw from electric charge but this is what the minimum field of magnetism looks like. This is a device called a cathode ray tube. It's actually the device that a gentleman named J.J. Thompson used to discover the electron, the first subatomic particle ever discovered by a human being. This is a sealed tube. It's filled with gas. It's got a metal plate on one end and a metal plate on the other. On the right side the metal plate is known as the cathode. It's the emitter of cathode rays which is what people were studying before they discovered the electron which is what cathode rays actually are. The other end, the other metal electrode is known as the anode. Now I have this wired up so that the anode connects to ground. That is any charge that is present in the system if I put an electric potential difference on it. The electric potential at the anode end will be zero by definition and I can put a really high potential on the cathode end using something called a tesla coil. This is a handheld device. It's kind of nasty as I operate this and you can hear the buzzing sound here in a moment as I operate this.  All right so I've used the handheld tesla coil to establish a strong electric potential on one end. I've got a zero electric potential on the other so I have a nice electric potential difference and therefore a big electric field inside of this tube and what the cathode ray tube does is that the potential is so large it actually strips electrons off of atoms on the cathode and they fly toward the anode under the influence of the electric field and so the blue light that you're seeing is is actually not the electrons themselves but it's the light given off as the electrons interact with the metal white plate at the back which is just a screen that the light can shine on and the gas molecules more importantly that are present inside of the tube. So that that blue light traces out the path that the electron beam is taking from the cathode to the anode so if you've never seen electrons before this is about the closest you're going to get to it. That bright blue light is the result of a beam of electrons streaming from the cathode to the anode and crashing into atoms as they go emitting light in the after the collisions occur. So let's analyze this. We have electrons leaving the cathode traveling to the anode they're moving from the right to the left so we could even draw a little velocity vector that represents this. We have a magnet that we can now use to expose these electrically charged particles to a magnetic field and the question is what will happen? When we know what happens if you were to expose these particles to an electric field they would accelerate against the direction of the electric field lines. But what happens when you expose electrically charged particles like electrons to a magnetic field? Let's fire up the cathode ray tube. There we go. There's our nice bright blue light. Here's our magnet and I'm going to take one pole of the magnet and I'm going to aim it perpendicular to the beam. So now the magnetic field lines are passing through the beam perpendicular to the flight direction. What do we observe? I'll flip it around and do it again. The beam doesn't appear to continue on a straight line. It bends. If I flip the magnet around again you'll see here it bends upward and I can hold it there. You see how the beam is bending? It's perpendicular to both the original velocity direction and the magnetic field lines sticking out at the end of my magnet. Flipping around again and I can bend it the other way. So electric charge does respond to magnetic fields but not in the way that it responds to electric fields. The force due to magnetic fields on charged particles appears to be perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the velocity of the charge and we'll explore this now a bit in mathematics. So using this field concept that we've developed that north poles are the source of magnetic fields and south poles are the ends or recipients the sinks of magnetic fields we can actually describe the phenomenon we've just observed in the cathode ray tube and that was a very strange phenomenon that wasn't quite perhaps what we expected. In electric fields if you're an electric charge and I drop you into a region of electric field so let's say I put a positive charge in a region of electric field we kind of know what's going to happen based on our experience all the exercise and practice we've been doing we would expect this to feel a force that causes an acceleration for the positive charge in the direction of the electric field lines but that's not at all what we observed in the case of charge and magnetic field. If we have a magnetic field now all right so for instance emanating from a north pole and going to a south pole like this and we put an electric charge with some velocity into this field so for instance if we were to put the charge going into the board so point the beam of charge moving into the board which I'll denote like this so this is a velocity vector for you know for instance for some positive charge that points into the board well if I want to figure out the direction that the magnetic force acts on this velocity I don't have to look at the direction the field is pointing according to the cathode ray tube experiment which is to be have to look at right angles to both the velocity and the magnetic field well if the velocity is pointing into the board and the magnetic field is pointing in the plane of the board along that plane the only direction is down up or down in this plane that's the only direction that's perpendicular to both of these and there's a rule there's a simple rule that you can use to remember which way positive charge will be pushed by a magnetic field when it enters a region with magnetic field and that's the so-called right hand rule all you have to do is take your fingers and your right hand and point them in the direction that the velocity vector points all right so I'm I take my arm and I can point it into the board like this because that's the direction my beam of particles is going my positive charge then you'd have to curl the fingers on your right hand curl the fingers on your right hand in the direction of the magnetic field okay so I'm going to point my hand into the board and I'm going to curl my fingers in the direction that the magnetic field points which is this way my thumb I'm giving a thumbs up here my thumb now indicates the direction of the force the acceleration on the particle and again it's perpendicular as we saw from the cathode ray tube experiment to both the direction of the velocity vector and the magnetic field being all right so let's do that so again we take our hand we point it into the board we curl our fingers in the direction that the magnetic field points and our thumb will indicate the direction of acceleration of positive charge under the influence of this magnetic field and so what we see is that the acceleration okay the force and the acceleration both would point for a positive charge down we would expect this beam of particles coming in entering the region of magnetic field to begin to bend downward okay and at every point at every point as it bends in the magnetic field the force will remain perpendicular to the magnetic field and the velocity and so this is very similar to centripetal motion orbital motion you have a velocity of a satellite you have a magnetic magnetic you have a gravitational field that's acting on the the satellite and it's pulling the satellite it's accelerating it down toward for instance the center of the earth and so the acceleration of the satellite is not along its direction of motion it's perpendicular to its direction of motion and that's what holds it in orbit around the gravitational the planetary body all right this is a little bit weirder because here you have a force that points at right angles to both the magnetic field okay and the velocity very different from gravity very different from electricity and this is something where a lot of people can get hung up all right so you have to practice this a little bit now we have a mathematical description that we use for this and I'll give you the equation and I'll talk a little bit about it we say that the force due to some magnetic field which we denote b is equal to the charge times the velocity vector and then this is at this point you should go to Khan Academy you should go to the video that I have linked from the physics 1308 homepage you should look at how to calculate a cross product they're going to need it okay but there are some gross features of the cross product I won't review here where they come from but I will simply write them down the magnitude of any cross product between two vectors a and b is simply the magnitudes of the vectors and the sign of the angle between them there okay so if I have two vectors a and b and they have some angle theta between them the magnitude of the cross product is the magnitude of a times the magnitude of b times the sign of the angle theta between them now if I want to know the direction of a and b so let's say a cross b equals some new vectors c that's the beauty of the cross product the dot product gives you a number back the dot product of two vectors gives you a number cross product gives you a vector force is a vector so we have two vectors and we need a third vector cross product is important what's the direction of c lost out the right hand rule that's the easiest thing to do all right so all you're going to do is you're going to take your fingers you're going to point them in the direction of a you're going to curl them in the direction that b is pointing and your thumb will indicate the direction of c so c here points into the board I'm going to use this symbol this sort of x symbol to denote a vector that points into the board and think of it as the tail feathers of an arrow flying away from you into the board so vectors can be represented by arrows this is the tail feathers of the of the arrow if you will and it's pointing into the board if I'm coming out of the board I'll use a circle of the dot on middle so this is the arrow head coming at you all right so you're looking and on the arrow it's heading right toward your face that's what that is so tail feathers going into the board arrows heading into the board arrow head coming out of the board you see a dot inside of a circle coming right at your face okay so this lets us represent three dimensions in two it's easy to draw the first two vectors it's a little harder to draw the third one that's going into or out of the board and this is the shortcut we have to use for that so this is actually the formula that has been determined by experiment to be the the one that gives you the direction of the force acting on a charge particle with velocity v and charge q under the influence of the magnetic field a few things we see right away keeping this thing in mind the magnitude of the force goes as the magnitude of q v v sin theta where sin theta is the angle between v and v if that angle is zero then the force is zero that is if you have a charge particle moving along the magnetic field line it will not feel the force from the magnetic field again very different from the electric field you have to be moving at some angle with respect to the magnetic field in order to feel the force and that force again points perpendicular to both of these vectors all right and this formula will tell you the direction that it points so you're going to bust out i hat j hat and sometimes k hat to solve these problems and again I strongly suggest that you review how does one calculate a cross product in two or three dimensions well three dimensions is the minimum you're really ever going to get on these from a set of vectors like v and b for instance another handy thing we see here if the charge is negative then the original thing we use for positive charge flips so let's just review we had b vector pointing to the right we had a charge going into the board but now let's make this q less than zero let's make it a negative charge so in that case you're going to have a flip in the direction of the force so here's how i like to do it take your fingers point them into the board that's the v curl in the direction of v everything's good and now you've got the direction of positive charge would move define the negative charge flip by a sign and that's the direction of the force on the negative charge so that's a little trick i like to use your mileage may vary whatever you like whatever you're comfortable with however you like to remember it that's what you should do but uh velocity curl toward b that's the direction of positive charge would move flip it for a negative charge that's it that's all you have to do just use the right hand rule and thumbs up or down to figure out your directions and this will be good for making pictures this is good for conceptualizing what's going on because these can be very difficult and tricky concepts now there's one more thing that i want to motivate for you that will help you to set up and solve problems involving magnetic fields so as i said earlier it's sort of the gravitational analogy here is that the magnetic field creates a force that is perpendicular to the direction of the velocity vector so let's just generically look at what the trajectory of a particle would be under that kind of force so if we imagine that we start off with a particle moving with some velocity v in that direction and we have a force that's acting perpendicular to that let's say like this okay what that's going to do is in the next instance of time it's going to tip the velocity vector down a little bit it's going to cause a little acceleration perpendicular to the original velocity vector and so when you get up here the velocity vector is not going to change in length but it's going to have changed in slope and again at this point in time you've got this force again pointing at our right angle to the velocity vector and so again at this next moment in time over here the velocity vector has tilted a little bit and again we have a force that acts at a right angle and again over here at this next step in time the velocity vector has tilted a little bit and so forth and so what we see here is we see an object tracing out circular motion from point to point to point in its trajectory with its velocity vector at all times tangent to the trajectory overall so the velocity vector becomes the tangent to this curve and it tells you at an instantaneous moment which way the velocity vector points but in the next instance as the force continues to act and bend the particle you get this curved trajectory this is what magnetic fields do to charge particles they bend them and as i'll see a little bit later this is what makes magnetic fields in conjunction with electric fields so useful electric fields accelerate and decelerate electric charges so if you need to get electric charges up to some high velocity electric fields are the way you're going to do it you just put up an electric field and positive charges will move with the field lines negative charges will move against the field lines but if you want to bend particles if you want to make them change direction then use magnetic fields use magnets this thus becomes the optics of the charged particle world light can be bent by glass and we'll talk about optics later in the class you use this all the time if you have glasses or contact lenses if you've ever used a magnifying glass and microscope a telescope any instrument that changes the relationship of light angles from one place to another you're focusing light you're steering light magnets are the optical instruments of the electrically charged particle world charged particles will bend in response to magnetic fields at right angles to them or at any angle to them and so the key thing that you need to do if you want to bend charged particles to get them to go in a circle or just veer away is you need to put a magnetic field there and again you have to get the angles right but that's what they will do that's what a magnetic field will do so in this case if we're thinking about a positive charge with some velocity v and we have some magnetic field we know that the force for instance points this way let's imagine that this is immersed in some magnetic field so this is the force due to some some magnetic field and this is some positive charge with velocity v well what direction does the magnetic field point okay well the resulting force has pointed down for this so we know our thumb has to go in this direction we would have originally pointed our hands in the direction of the velocity vector so I'll do that I'll point my fingers on my right hand in the direction of velocity vector my thumb is in the direction of the force and I know that I would have to curl my fingers in the direction that the magnetic field points I can only curl them this way I can't curl them back I can only curl them this way so that means that the magnetic field here must point out of the board so we have a magnetic field that points out of the board at all of these points and if it's a nice uniform magnetic field it will just make this particle continue to bend if this whole region was just magnetic field that this charge particle had to pass through so if I imagine that I just have magnetic field everywhere here pointing out of the board nice and uniform and if I can get a charge particle into this region with a low enough velocity I could get it to cycle endlessly in this region I could make a charge particle go in a circle forever and in fact this is the principle behind things like the large hand drawn collider you create a strong enough magnetic field protons will bend in that magnetic field and if you can make it strong enough you can make them go in a circle forever and so that's why the large hand drawn collider is a big circle because we can make magnets that are strong enough that you can take a whole bunch of protons and you can get them to bend forever in a circle that might have a huge radius right this could in principle be a very huge radius for this circle okay all right well this looks just like orbital motion and so we know that F centripetal the centripetal force from semester one physics goes as mg squared over r that is if I have a orbital circular path with radius r and I have a velocity vector v like this and I'm just continuing to go in the circle the centripetal force the one which appears to hold you in place in the circular motion has a magnitude that goes as mv squared over r mass times velocity squared divided by the radius of curvature well if this is due to a magnetic field we know that its magnitude is qdb sin theta where the theta is the angle between the magnetic field and the velocity vector more to the point between the velocity vector and the magnetic field okay and we just have the charge in the velocity and the magnetic field magnitude is out here and we can relate these two when you've got circular motion mv squared over r equals qdb sin theta and this is very helpful if you have a problem involving force that's holding a particle going in a circular path even for a little ways it doesn't have to be a perfect circle it could be part of the way as a circular trajectory during the time it's executing circular motion this rule will apply though its centripetal force will be equal to the magnetic force they'll balance each other out and keep the particle moving in that circle again as long as you're immersed in the magnetic field the minute you leave the magnetic field you're going to execute linear motion again because you're not under the influence of a force anymore all right so this is some helpful things that will help you to get started thinking a little bit about magnetic fields and charge particles moving through them what we've done is we've explored magnets moving in each other's magnetic fields we've seen that the simplest field is the dipole field there appeared to be no evidence for what are called magnetic monopoles in nature that is singular magnetic charges that are the source or sink of magnetic fields what we found instead is there's a complex relationship between electric charge and magnetic fields we're going to explore that that relationship going forward as we look at the BO Savart law which is the law that tells us how electric charge and magnetic field actually relate to one another in a very complex way we've explored a little bit about the motion of electrically charged particles in the presence of magnetic fields we've seen that this involves motion, magnetic field and force all at angles to one another and to solve these problems you need to understand the cross product review that and we've seen that in circular motion you can relate this intripetal force to the magnetic force through a not so bad equation mv squared over r equals q v b sine theta so if you know some of these things you can solve for others if you knew the momentum or the kinetic energy you could figure out things involving v's and m's and so forth you get the idea you're going to have some problem solving to do here using old ideas and new ideas from magnetic fields so I hope this has been entertaining and interesting introduction to this material and we'll pick this up next time with the BIOS of art law


Greetings, everyone. Greetings and welcome to Progressive Discussions. I am your host since 1995 in various forms, James P. Madonna. Progressive Discussions can be found on Twitter, Facebook, Google Plus communities. We're definitely out there. I hope everyone had a very pleasant, fun-filled, all-how-os-if. This is November 1, 2018, All Souls Day. My late grandfather, John, this is birthday today. Wherever you are, grandpa, happy birthday. And tomorrow, of course, is the day of the dead. So I want to dedicate that tomorrow to all Mexican Americans. And its autumn is, especially October and November 2. Autumn in general is my favorite time of the year, for many reasons.  It's fun. In my town, we only had the very young children trick-or-treating. And once the sun goes down, the older kids in my community do not go out. Now on the other hand, where my sister is, which is about 10, 15 minutes' drive from here with traffic, the kids are all out until about maybe 8 or 9 p.m. It looks like the day of the dead. It looks like a bunch of zombies walking around in the dark, big kids going out. And my sister says, once the candy's gone, I'm shutting the porch lights off and maybe turning the bell off because I am not opening the door late at night for almost adult people. Okay. And they're very obnoxious and pushy, by the way. Gimme candy. You know, they're very demanding. You know how kids are now. Not necessarily the millennials, but the ones that are coming up behind the millennials are monsters. Heaven help us all. They'll probably turn us into soylent and green. You know, by time we become a nursing home age, Heaven help our society. I see nothing but chaos. I see more road rage. I see more dysfunctional freakazoids walking around. People talking to themselves. People fighting for no good reason, for over petty reasons. It's nothing but total chaos. And look at the example we have in the White House. Of course, he's going to set the example for a chaotic America, a chaotic society, because look at the people who showed up at his rallies. Not the majority of America, but the lowest common denominators of society showed up. So unfortunately, because almost, I'd say, not quite, but almost two-thirds, and this is a chakran, of Americans did not bother to vote in 2016. And this is why we have what we have. Okay. Now I want to give seven lucky bells for this pre-election, 2018, progressive discussions. And we might have people joining us, hopefully, if they're not out of the home, you know, busy doing things. We might have some progressive joining us. Seven lucky bells. And I'll be sipping, because this is an uncensored show, I'll be sipping a local New Jersey wine, a wonderful wine, okay, from South Jersey, because that's where the blueberries are grown, okay. It's delicious. Valenzano, true blue, blueberry wine. I'm not sure how many states, if any, outside of New Jersey can get this wine, but it definitely is delicious. It is probably antioxidant rich, okay, antioxidant, uncle oxidants, whatever. I'm going to have some right now. It smells like blueberries, man, but it's fermented. Incredible. Incredible. I'm trying to find, well, I'll get my reading lessons later and check out the alcohol by volume. But anyway, what I was saying before, about voting, aside from the fact that it is your duty as an American citizen to vote at every major election, I realize many people out there have voter apathy and they think the system is so corrupt and so rigged that their vote doesn't matter. But there is the numbers game because when the asses of the masses make it their business to vote at every major election, the more of the mainstream lower 98% that vote, the greater the chances of either Democrats or progressives will get elected and Republicans will not get elected. Republicans lose when most of the mainstream lower 98% vote. So make it your business to vote because this may be the most important election in modern day American history. A lot is riding on this election this coming Tuesday, or next Tuesday, yeah, yeah, this coming Tuesday, I'm sorry. A lot is riding.  There was always this depopulation or genocidal plan to knock off the poor or enslave them. Of course, the greedy rich would love to bring back slavery and in a way they do have slavery with privatized prisons and there are certain conservative politicians in Washington that have investments in privatized prisons and when you think of privatization, you think of the corporate oligarch, you think of corporate CEOs, which send lobbyists out, which try to bribe and pay off our politicians. Our establishment politicians that are corrupt and they take the bribe. So it's really not rocket science. I know if you watch CNN, there are all kinds of like political analysts and you know, economists and everything, but the fact is true that Republicans simply do not win when more of the mainstream lower 98% make it their business to vote. Personally, it only takes me 15 minutes to vote because what I do is I get a sample ballot. I vote electronically. Hold on. Something's making my live stream show a little blurry. I get a sample ballot in a mail. I look it over. I read it. If there's any questions, which there are public questions to be voted upon and I predetermined what I'm going to do when I get in the electronic voting booth and then I just simply press those buttons and then I press the big button to cast the ballot and I'm done and I only have to travel well a few minutes to get to the to the grammar school where I'm supposed to vote now here in Northeastern New Jersey now by time I get there and an old friend of mine is always there volunteering. He's the Robertson arrow and I use back in the day when I used to work with seafood processing for 10 years. I filleted everything. I cut filleted steak. I did it all. My dear, dear old friend is there and I talk to him, you know, we reminisce and we update each other and then I go vote. Well, yeah, I mean, of course, it takes me no more than 15 minutes, but then with all the bullshitting I do, you know, with, with, with Robertson arrow, you know, the time it's not, but I predetermined what I'm going to do and I do it now now, isn't it worth a portion of a small portion of your day once in a big long while to secure your happiness in your future as an American citizen. Okay, let's see, what do we have here? We have a whole bunch of nominations by petition. I honestly do not know who they are. Okay, I only know of one person that is not on the Democrat ballot that is probably the best progressive New Jersey has to offer. And that's Lisa McCormick, but she's not running this time, so I don't see her. I do not know these other people.   There is no doubt in my mind that that will happen. Okay, women's rights will be taken away, people of color, poor people, there will be no social services to help the poor whatsoever. Sometimes with establishment Democrats, there's no help for the poor, like this guy that we have now is governor in the state of New Jersey, Phil Murphy, he's a Democrat, but I heard he's a former Wall Street man, like John Corzine was, and what I discovered was he's defunding many social programs. This woman I know who is a widow with three young children, she was supposed to get new windows put in as part of the winterizing package with a new furnace. She lives in a prefabricated mobile home and she's considered low income family, raising three children without a husband because she's a widow. They were all set to install the new windows and then all of a sudden they said, sorry, even though we have your windows physically, the state capital, Trenton, New Jersey, the state administration defunded the program to have your new windows put in. How about that? I found out that rent subsidy, not rent subsidy, Section 8, yes, Section 8 rent subsidy in New Jersey is not expected to be funded for several years and there is no funding, zero funding for low income subsidized housing for senior citizens and the disabled. Yes, you heard it right. And we have a Democrat as governor. How about that? So much for Democrats being liberal. No, they're not liberal. Sometimes they're not even moderate, right? They're corporatists. They're corporatists.  They don't care about seniors. They don't care about disabled, let alone regular reasonably healthy poor people. Okay, we have first on the list, Robert Menendez, then Josh Godheimer. I had an incident with him on one of his telephone town hall meetings of Bergen County. Now we have Joseph A. Lagana, Christopher, I'm sorry, USA, Usa Swain. Christopher Tully, James J. Tedesco, the third. Is that like Thurston Howell, the third from Gilligan's Island? Anthony Kyrton, Stephen A. Tonelli, Tracy Silna, sir. I'm not even going to read the Republican side, but I'm going to show you some funny political advertisements that came in the mail. Now, Bob for, I guess he's running for state senate, but Bob Hugen supposedly was in the pharmaceutical industry and he did some price gouging and had a greed, but it doesn't surprise me.  They care about profit before people and the planet. So what I'm going to do is quickly settle for a lesser of two evils because we really have to, we have the Democrats really need to take control of the House of Representatives and with a lot of luck and blessings from the Lord, take over to Senate, even though mainstream media says it's not going to happen, you know. But, you know, it's not over until the fat late six, as they say. Now, let me show some comical. Here we got John McKinn, Republican John McKinn here in New Jersey. He doesn't look like Chuck McCann, who was a nice guy. It says here, tax cheat John McCann belongs in this suit, not this one. Okay, he belongs in this suit, not this one, because he teapot here and tax cheat. Well, what else is new is the back of it. He doesn't pay his taxes. Of course, Donald Trump loves him. You know, he doesn't pay his taxes like all the rich people in the United States. But he sure as hell loves to put the tax burden on the middle class, of course. Oh, yeah, he voted to raise taxes on everybody else except the top two percent.   They really are. They're greedy sociopaths. They are 100 percent pure selfishness and they're very corrupt. You know, their their palm is always getting greased always. So that that's a John McCann. Okay, John McCann is running for Congress, I believe. And then we have this funny one says John McCann wants to bring this tea party to Washington, but you can stop both on Tuesday. And here we have, this is comical. Here we have John McCann having tea with Donald Trump. What is very long tie? I guess that sort of compensates for a lacking in another area of his body. The long tie, you know, just like bald, bald men going through midlife crisis. Have a tendency to grow a ponytail in the back when they're bald. It's true they compensate. All right. Or, you know, short people have a Napoleonic complex, little dogs have a Napoleonic complex tea party or John McCann takes after Trump in all the worst ways. And then it explains everything here. Well, he certainly is not shy about about getting paid a large sum of money on tax payers dime earn 140,000 a year from a full time political patriotist job while raking in another 500,000 on the side voted to raise local taxes four times. Well, on the Kresgill town council and voted for higher property taxes Kresgill that that's in my county.   By a local small business for stiffing them. Ah, what does that sound like to you? Someone who stiffs others for money. This is sound very familiar. Like a person that likes to wear very long red ties. And that's all true supports getting healthcare, which would cause nearly gutting. I'm sorry, supports gutting healthcare, which would cause nearly one million people in New Jersey to lose coverage and would cause New Jersey $6,000 per family supported the tax hike bill that gutted the state and local tax deduction and raise taxes on more than 40% of New Jersey families. Of course, the middle class. Of course, you know, wants to privatize Medicare. Hey, buddy, Medicare is not an entitlement. Medicare and Social Security belong to we the people because we paid into it wants to privatize Medicare, which means steal it. Risking healthcare coverage for millions of seniors. Then again, they're again. They don't care. The sociopaths stand up to the Trump agenda. Vote no on John McCann. All right. And there, there they are. There they are. Now, I know this is local New Jersey politics. This doesn't represent all 50 states, but you take the Republican mentality and you multiply it. You multiply it times 50 states and you will always see a predictable pattern with the right wing with Republicans. And they fit in perfectly with end time prophecy.  Okay. So that pretty much does it concerning voting. And this is reality. The more, excuse me, I got a black. This is where you probably know it. Oh, you progressive discussion fans of Blackthorne and Irish Shalely is like my gavel. Like like Judge Judy's gavel. The more of the mainstream population is I want you. You numb skulls, you knuckleheads, unique and poops. Okay.  The more that the mainstream population, the lower 98% vote, the more votes that come from the lower 98% of the population, the little guy, the working stiff, the sucker, the chunk. The less Republicans, cons, I should say, rethug the cons will get elected at every major election. This is an old fact. So if you think the system is too corrupt and too rigged to really matter, if you feel like your vote doesn't count well, the numbers game will override that.   Then nothing is going to change. And then you're going to make excuses. You're going to go on social media and you're going to, you're going to type, type, type or voice to text, which is whatever invented it is.  And talk about what the real problem is and force your opinion on how to solve it because everyone's a guru.  But you'll complain on social media and Facebook and Twitter and another four years will go by and things will get worse and worse and worse. And then another major election will come and you assholes won't make it your business to vote. And you'll do the same thing over and over until you accelerate the end time prophecy.  I don't care. I don't care if you vote for Elmer Fudd, Daffy Duck or Bugs Bunny or Porky Pig.  It is your duty to vote. You just vote. Get out there. Let let them let the population decide the popular vote because I know I've said this before. The right wing has tricks up their sleeve at every election because the only way they can win is by cheating and cheating for the right wing conservatives is gerrymandering voter IDs. The electoral college and in the case of establishment Democrats from like the DNC super delegates so we have super delegates electoral college voter IDs and gerrymandering. They all should be abolished and we should have the popular vote only because a professional sports team wins by scoring more points than the other team. So why shouldn't it be like that in politics? It's only fair. But in this chaotic fascist corporate oligarch, what is fair? What is really fair? So these things should be abolished because in reality your digital photo driver's license which requires your original birth certificate should really be enough identification for you to vote in the United States. Now Republicans will say, well, the Democrats cheat because they have convicts vote and they have illegal immigrants vote because they're they're obsessed with immigrants of color. They're obsessed with the poor, particularly poor people and immigrants of color.  No, not at all. And the people that make up the caravan that is still very far from the US border are predominantly very poor women and children. These people do not have a dollar to their name. And Trump, the Trump Pansy wants to send the military to the border to protect the United States against impoverished women and children. Predominantly.  You know, I mean, there are the exceptions and I believe that you cannot just have a totally open borders and just let every time they can have it in. Now you have to do it just like with gun purchasing. You have to do real background checks, which I don't think they really do. So these people are really just poor, harmless folks that want political asylum, which happens to be legal.  Meanwhile, social services makes up like two percent of the total American budget and the military makes up most of it with almost two thirds of the total budget goes to the military industrial complex.  They want to make the poor either drop dead. That's why Governor, Republican Governor of Florida, Rick Scott, arrested even an elderly pastor, a minister from feeding the poor and they tore up ten cities. The Republicans want to sweep the poor under the carpet or have them drop dead for whatever reason, or make them so desperate that they will become slaves to the fat cats.  There you go. Another way that they get free labor is, and I think James Pineda doesn't see it, internships.  They want five years or more experience, right? So the last year, the senior graduating class, for the last semester, they will usually be told that they can work for school credit as interns, so they work for free for a company. And I know I did shows about this before, they work for free and then they'll graduate and then these companies will get another busload of senior semester students and they'll work as interns for free. So that's another sneaky way that the right wing capitalists get free slave labor. So you see how all this works, privatized prisons and internships from school, the kids will go deep in debt because companies now want five years plus experience plus the diploma or the degree.  That's all it is. That's all it is, just an excuse. So I think I, wow, time sure flies. I think I covered a lot here. I'm surprised that my progressive compadres did not join me. I guess they were busy. I want to give some shout outs to my one of my progressive co-hosts, Mr. McFawn Raven, Mr. McFawn Raven, also Mr. Thomas Metal 75, who does the craft beer enthusiast shows, he's a craft beer expert. And we've had progressive discussions, no pun intended off the air. And Anthony Laura, I salute Anthony Laura, another fine progressive friend of mine. And let's see, and of course Lisa McCormick of New Jersey, a true progressive politician in New Jersey that has been running as a Democrat, but I really think that the best thing that can happen to her is if Bernie Sanders and Nina Turner's Our Revolution organization comes to New Jersey and totally backs her. It supports her in campaigns for her and she runs as an Our Revolution independent. That's her best bet. Whether or not she thinks about it and does it is another story. Let's see, how many, I mean, I have some progressive friends other than the ones I mentioned connected to the progressive discussions Facebook page, which you are more than welcome to join, but definitely join my pride and joy Twitter. Progressive discussions on Twitter. Mr. Neville Hurst of the United Kingdom, I salute you. That's right. The man from the other side of the pond, the progressive warrior in the United Kingdom. And let me see who else is a progressive. Believe it or not, I have some right wing friends that took a huge liking to me. They know I'm progressive. I just don't talk about politics with them. Oh, I did a political show with Mr. J. Terrio. Yes, let me salute Mr. J. Terrio. He is a connoisseur on fine, fermented beverages of all kinds. Retired school teacher. He's big on nostalgic baseball. He's an intellect. And I love having deep conversations with him, so I salute. And I did have a pretty good political show with him. Because we talked about common sense reality. J. Terrio. Ronald J. Terrio, Southern Louisiana. I salute you too. So, I mean, that's about it, really. Oh, Michael LeBar, believe it or not, of the state of Oklahoma. Yes, there are progressives in the state of Oklahoma. And he is number one out west. Okay, he has a huge following, Mr. Michael LeBar. And he could be found on Facebook. He doesn't have a page per se, but he has a big following on his profile. But he's extremely knowledgeable and definitely a progressive warrior. And then I'm also a very supportive of the Democratic Socialist Organization, which is in practically every state in the United States. Thank the Lord. I'm going to salute them, Democratic Socialist Association, or whatever their full terminology is. And of course, our revolution. As long as they're not, they don't turn pandering politically correct neoliberal, I'm fine with them. You know, once they start getting to liberal and become neoliberals, then I'm not going to support them. But I do love the Democratic Socialist Organization, which is nationwide. And DSA, I think capital D, capital S, capital A, is the acronym for their organization. But you can find them on Facebook and Twitter. But at least you know where they're coming from. Okay. So that being said, don't forget to vote this Tuesday. In case people request me to go on the air again before this election, make sure you vote. It's the most important election of modern day of America. Okay. But I am open to going back on the air if other progressive warriors and activists are willing to join me. So that being said, take care. Have a good night and have a, into all my Mexican American friends out there, have an enjoyable day of the dead November the 2nd. It's a Friday, so it should be a relatively fun day of the dead holiday. I am not sure if I'm going to the Royal Hibachi Buffet, or if I am going to La Fortaleza Mexican restaurant because Friday might be too crowded for La Fortaleza and I won't get a table or a parking space. And then there's no way I'm sitting at the bar for 45 minutes, you know, waiting for a table. No. I'm not going to do it. So maybe I'll just go to my favorite buffet. As seen on the web. Remember I was there with my good friend power lifter Jeff Zambello, my salute tremendously and former WWE star and personal trainer extraordinaire, Kent Deeson, living now in Boca Raton, Florida. Nice to meet you also. Mr. Mace Mann, Rick Brown. Mr. Mace Mann, Rick Brown, I salute you. He's going to Austin, Texas, I think. I think he's there now. He's going to do a seminar Saturday and followed by going to the Salt Lake Barbecue Landmark. And then in early December he's going to the Great Wall of China and my good friend Jeff Zambello is participating in a, I think it might be a kettlebell professional kettlebell event. I believe I'm not sure if there's other events he's going to do there.  So we had a great time. You can see the videos on progressive discussions, YouTube channel, all of our excapades, you know, going here and there, funny incidents and the buffet. The buffet was a lot of laughs and there was a lot of revelation going on with the drama of the alternative old school, ancient warrior, physical fitness circle. Believe it or not the men, because of their egos, can be like all wash women, very catty. So let me get another sip of this delicious Valenzano true blue blueberry wine, New Jersey specialty here, South Jersey. That is great. Let me show it again. It definitely tastes like blueberries, but fermented with and of course having alcohol in it. Let me do this the right way. Let me get these for my cheap reading glasses on here. Do this the right way. What do we got? Valenzano true blue wine. Produced and bottled by Valenzano winery, Shamang, S-H-A-M-O-N-G, New Jersey, Shamang, New Jersey, Valenzano wine dot com. And it is definitely for real. That's for sure. From the garden state of New Jersey. It's most likely in South Jersey. Oh, 11.5% alcohol by volume. So it is definitely considered a table wine, because dessert wines are 18% or more alcohol by volume. It's good. It'll sneak up on you and that's for sure. Anyway, take care.


Amnesty International has accused Israel of subjecting Palestinians to a system of apartheid founded on policies of segregation, disposition and exclusion that is said amounted to crimes against humanity. The London-based rights group said its findings were based on research and legal analysis in a 211-page report into Israeli seizure of Palestinian land and property on lawful killings, fossil transfer of people and denial of citizenship. Israeli Foreign Minister Yair Lapid rejected the findings, saying Amnesty International is quote, just another radical organization which echoes propaganda without seriously checking the facts instead of seeking the truth. Amnesty echoes the same lies shared by terrorist organizations, end of quote. Amnesty International is here today to call on the authorities of Israel to put an end to the system of apartheid. It is maintaining against all Palestinians living under their effective control, whether in Israel itself, in the OPT or as refugees in other countries. We are here today to call on the international community to take resolute action against the crime of humanity being perpetrated in order to maintain the system of apartheid. Our conclusions may shock and disturb, and they should. Some within the government of Israel may seek to deflect from them by falsely accusing Amnesty of attempting to destabilize Israel or being anti-Semitic or unfairly singling out Israel. But I am here today to say that baseless attacks, barefaced lies, fabrication on the messenger will not silence the message and an organization of 10 million members the world over.