First, I want to say I came up with the PPSTAC six months ago and I can prove it. Just kidding. So I'm kind of curious, how many people here have Elixir applications in production? OK, cool. So mostly this is going to be you guys laughing at me telling you the bad ways that I've done things in the past. For everybody else, it's going to be me warning you about the bad ways that I've done things in the past. But if you find that they're similar to the ways that you're doing things now, don't feel bad because I did them too. OK, so for me to tell you about this application, I kind of have to tell you about what our company is and then kind of where this fits into it. So Simplify works in the ad space. And oh, shoot, I got an ad.  So actually, these are all ads that I took from my browser when I was getting ready for this talk.  So they go out to companies that act like auction houses and those companies send requests to companies like us and say, do you want to buy this ad space and how much are you willing to pay for it? And then it's up to us to make that decision. And it has to be in real time. So you can kind of see these are actually pretty good examples because they're for hotels in Austin. I was looking for a hotel. My wife and I recently bought a house. So obviously, I've been to Bed Bath and Beyond. And then mobile phones and cars are always being advertised. So just to sort of put that into picture form, we do everything below the dotted line. We decide in real time which of our ad campaigns we should put there, if any. And we actually don't always decide to bid because maybe we just decide it's not really worth anything. So that doesn't sound all that exciting. But from a developer's perspective, I think it's kind of fun. I said that has to happen in real time. We do it about a million times a second, actually over a million times a second. And all of the ad exchanges, which are like the auction houses, they want to hear back within, say, 75 milliseconds. But that has to count the flight time. So really, if we're not responding once it hits the server within like 10 milliseconds, we're not going to do well. And it turns out that actually it's been interesting to see a scale up to a million requests per second. I think when I started a little over three years ago, we were hitting maybe 200,000. But it's also been interesting to see how we've scaled in terms of the number of ad campaigns that we use. And that's actually kind of simplifies niche in the market. So there's a lot of big companies in this space that'll handle maybe a few hundred campaigns and they're for big brands that you've heard of. We handle, we've handled 30,000 campaigns in the month of September, which is a record for us. And we just keep going. So I get like I have the graph here over the last three years. That has scaled more than 10 times. And it's sort of interesting what parts of the system have to scale to handle that. So some other little things that make it sound like a sexy place to work. We serve about 60 million ads a day. We're distributed across the globe in five data centers. We are hiring, by the way. And we put up a thing on the job board out here. And I saw somebody reading it. And they're like, OK, you use all these different things. But no, we really do. And that's one thing that makes it a really cool place to work. We weren't using Erlang when I started three years ago. And I'll kind of talk a little bit about it here. But I just said, screw it. I think Erlang would be a good way to solve this problem. And it ended up working great and was well received. And it's a place where you can do that kind of stuff. So just basically what I'm going to talk about. I'll kind of explain what problem we're trying to solve just so you have some idea and why it's kind of an interesting and hard problem. I'll talk a little bit about how the solution has evolved over the last basically three years now. And then I'll say some things.  So this is a term that I made up, real time accounting. Basically, each one of the ad campaigns that we're trying to serve against has a budget. So somebody will say, each one of these ads is a fraction of a penny. So maybe we're bidding. We won't only spend $1 a day or $100 a day, which boils down to like 1,000 impressions or 10,000 impressions. And impressions just showing somebody an ad. We have to count that so that we don't accidentally serve too many ads. And that's bad not only because somebody's got to pay for that. And it kind of sometimes it's awesome. Sometimes it's the customer. But either way, the customer runs up pretty unhappy because a lot of the time our customers are actually people running ad campaigns for, say, some local tire shop or something. They don't want to worry about their advertising campaigns so they hire somebody else to manage it. And every step of the way where you're communicating that that somebody has a chance for somebody to get upset and then they take their business somewhere else. But on the other hand, we do want to spend as much of that money as possible. Because basically, we charge a little bit on top of what we charge our customers. So for every dollar that we spend, maybe we make $0.25 or $0.50. And then another interesting thing is that the advertising industry is entirely budget-based. I don't know if you ever hear stories about in government agencies where they get $1 million a year budget. And they actually have to work to spend that budget because if they go back to their superiors and say, well, we only spent $750,000, then next year they're only going to get $750,000. So all the time, everybody's trying to spend their entire budget. So this particular process that I'm going to talk about fits into that picture where when we serve an ad, we get to count whether it gets counted against the budget. So we have to figure out how much it costs, which campaign it goes to, all that fun stuff. And the thing that makes it even harder is that we don't know. We roughly win around 1% of the times that we bid. So when we say we want to buy this ad space for $1, we don't know that we got that until we actually serve the ad. So there's a delay inherent in the system. And because it's an auction, we don't know how much we're actually paying until they tell us. So getting ahead of myself, what makes this sort of challenging besides the delay? This is like super coupled to how much money our company makes. And we're a really transparent company, which is nice. But at the same time, like everybody in the company is watching the output of this all day, like you just walk around the office and it's up on people's screens. So if this goes down, like everybody knows right away. And then if the budgeting piece goes down and it's not coupled well to the bidding piece, we can have the worst situation, which is where the bidders can actually continue bidding on ads blindly. They don't know that they're actually spending money because nothing's telling them that they're spending money. And that can lead to really, really bad situations. So it actually tends to be better for us to just shut down if this process goes down. So it can be sort of high stress. It's also got to be fairly performant. So like in the middle of the night, tends to be our highest through rate, although lately we've also been serving a lot in the middle of the day. We're serving like, say, 5,000 ads a second. And that's in five data centers. So it's got to be able to process. That's not like an astronomical stream of data, but it's a pretty good sized stream of data. And then the thing, like I said earlier, that actually makes it even more challenging is for each one of those things, I've got to look at 30,000 different ad campaigns and decide, because they all have slightly different cost models. People make out deals like, we're going to charge you a margin of 10% for geo data until, and it's also time dependent. So we're going to do that for the first month, and then it's going to go up to 15%. So there's all this campaign data, this huge cache of data that we have to reference every time we do this. It's also a distributed problem. So I can be bidding on a user out of our Washington DC data center, and then I serve an ad to them on the West Coast. So I have to have this consistency across data centers. So how did we get to having an Elixir application that does this? So the original system, which I won't spend a whole lot of time on, was written in Ruby. We were always kind of a Ruby shop. It was just a script that ran. I'm pretty sure it was keeping track of all that campaign data by just marshaling it out to a file, and it just ate a ton of memory, and it was slow. So when I started, one of the first tasks that they gave me was like, well, C++ is fast, so write this in C++. I'll keep the story short. Basically, I spent two days trying to hook up a Postgres library in C++, got really frustrated, and said to my then boss, hey, we've heard about this language Erlang. Can I try this in Erlang? And I'm pretty sure I learned the language Erlang and built this application faster than it would have taken me with a medium amount of C++ experience to write the whole thing from scratch in C++. Our initial thing was we were using rebar, doing a little bit of testing with eUnit. I'll say a little bit later about eUnit versus xUnit. I think eUnit's got kind of a big learning curve. Our deployment was literally clone the thing and build it on the server. So this is the start of you guys laughing at me for bad choices. So this is the fun part. What was it like to get our first Erlang application in deployment? So processes, we're running all these processes and we're going really fast. This is great. This is so much faster than I even thought it was going to be. And then something happens. We crashed. But if you've had anything in production with Erlang or Elixir that's running at a reasonable volume, like handling a fair amount of traffic, you'll realize that when it crashes, it actually looks more like this. You don't have some catastrophic beautiful collision of vehicles. You have all of these processes just dumping out all of their contents and what the hell happened. Nobody knows. So we learned some things. Kind of the main point to me of this slide is 2013, 2014, we learned from our first batch of mistakes and rewrote a little bit of stuff. But the same piece of code's been running for almost three years. And we've scaled our number of campaigns by a factor of 10. The volume that we're processing by a factor of four or five. I won't lie, some of that ability is just buying better hardware. But I was pretty happy that the basic idea of what we put together was able to last for quite a while. And I do attribute a fair amount of that to the Erlang VM and the way that it lets you solve problems. So I think it was early this year. Elixirs really started to come around. I've been hearing about it for a while.  So this is kind of the story about that. So this was me. Well, now this was my perception of everybody else. Like Elixir is the hipster language, whatever. And this is me. I'm like, I don't care. This syntax doesn't look that great. I don't need another layer of indirection. But I don't know, is Proctor in here? Maybe, maybe not. Oh, I see Proctor didn't come to the talk. We were at that time around the DFW Erlang group in DFW.  And he said, well, actually, Elixir has a lot more going on than just the syntax. It was a really, really great presentation. And this was me. So the next day, I sat down and started converting all of my dependencies to use MIX and building against MIX, converting tests to XUnit, converting our gen servers to just use gen servers when I have to write the same boiler of late code over and over again. Now we're at a point where we're deploying via Chef. We're using MIX and, which is one of the greatest features of the language as far as I'm concerned, even though it's really subtle. And pretty much everything new we're writing is in Elixir. So what were the dumb things that I did? So when you first learn Erlang, and I think this is a little bit better handled in the Elixir documentation, one of the things that I really love about Elixir is the documentation and the tools and everything. It's constantly nudging you in the right direction. But rewinds three years. And when I'm learning Erlang, it's like, oh, everything is a process. I'll make everything a process. It doesn't work very well. You really tempted to write something that looks like this. So for us, we're generally working off something where we have a stream of incoming messages and we're going to work on it. I have to read from a cache for every message. And then I'm going to output it somewhere. And I say, OK, well, I just build this little unit of scaling and then I just scale it up the number of times that I do something. And then I get all these, I'm too smart for my own good kind of ideas where, well, if I need to access a campaign and I don't have it cached, I'll just throw it back onto the message bus and move on to the next message. Which, by the way, if you do that, you'll just end up repeatedly saying I don't have this thing in cache. This is much better. Block on cache. Basically, the thing that I learned was that learn to realize what the bottlenecks are. I mean, you can just throw a concurrency at everything, but that's not really the way it works. What you end up doing is just building up more of a backlog faster. So if you have to wait for something, just wait for it. Identify the things that are embarrassingly parallelizable. So for us, that's parsing. And just once I have all this campaign data actually doing the calculations, that's all just straight up functions. That's my unit of scaling. Batch up messages to a database cache or something like that. Batch up all of my outputs. Basically, the hard thing for me was to learn to think in terms of processes. I wish I knew how to just explain that. I think I could probably make money. But once that clicks, you start to see these things. And it becomes much easier to solve problems. So just to make that a little more concrete, what are some of the processes that we have in what we call Budget Notifier, which is this piece of this application? Our scaling is the number of processes that we use to just basically work off the message queue. And that's more or less just limited by the number of CPUs that we have because it's going to be CPU limited.  Basically, one campaign is one process, which is kind of cool. You think about, we have like 30,000 campaigns. And then each one knows about its own invalidation. So it'll say, OK, I've been sitting here for an hour, and nobody's asked me for any information. I'll just die quietly, and nobody worries about it. There's also, this is kind of, to me, a nice example of solving things using processes. Campaigns will have, they can be grouped. And they'll say, these three campaigns can spend $100 a day. That doesn't really fit in with this kind of campaign level cache model. So what I did was just throw up another process. Its whole job is just to repeatedly go through the list of campaign groups and say, do you have budget or not? Things that didn't work well, price calculation. So again, I think this is something that the elixir documentation may be steers you in a better direction. But I thought, just wrap everything in a gen server. That's what it's for, right?  Cache state dictionary is a similar thing. So I have all these campaigns, but then I need somewhere to look up and say, do I have this campaign in cache? And if I do, what's its process ID? That didn't work well as a process. It was a similar problem. It's a star graph. Everybody's asking the same process for the same information. So it becomes a bottleneck. So if I was to try to abstract that out, I don't want to sound like I'm against processes. Processes are great. Launch processes for logical units of thought. ETS is a good thing to learn. So if you have something that looks kind of like a table, in my case, campaign ID, cache state, I'm just asking for a number or a process ID for a campaign. You can set up ETS not to have read locking. So that becomes significantly faster. And then you launch a process to manage that ETS table. It thinks in its own way. When a campaign goes out of cache, it messages the manager, and the manager removes it from that state dictionaries. And you end up finding better ways to handle some of the raised conditions that can happen. Lots of processes. It has no problem doing lots of processes. You just have to be careful about lots of processes talking to a small number of processes. Know the tools. The tools are great. Mix and Hex had a bit more about this. I decided to make it short. I think I'm going to actually end up being done really early. Mix and Hex can be a great way to transition. Like, if you have something legacy that's eroding, and you want to move it into Elixir, disclaimer for myself is I never really tried Rebar 3. But I didn't love Rebar. I don't know if I think I've talked to several people who said it was OK, but not the best. I like Mix a whole lot better. So it's actually pretty easy to replace your Rebar configuration with Mix configuration. And again, it sort of nodges you in the right direction. Mix end is great. So instead of we used to have our sys.config file, just had a bunch of clauses. If basically whenever we were looking up our config, we'd look it up and production environment would be one of the keys in the keyword list. And so it'd be like database test. And that would return the test database. Database production would return the production database. Whereas with Mix end, you just have three different config files. X unit, I like X unit a lot. It does some things for you that you might not realize. It starts apps for you, which unit doesn't quite do. I think it has a slightly gentler learning curve than a unit. It's got a good way to do set up and tear down of tests. It's really easy if you already have unit tests to convert them to X unit tests. Documentation is great. How many people here who have something in production in Elixir are not the only people working on it? It gets a bit more interesting when you have C++ developers coming to you who have to make modifications.  So using module doc and doc and specifications. Specifications is a great way to lure in C and C++ developers, by the way. Can be a great way to convey what the code is supposed to do. And Dialyzer, I like Dialyzer a lot. I can't tell you how many times I've done Git commit. And the comment was, thanks, Dialyzer. It just catches, even if you test a lot, I try to test a lot. It catches things that you didn't think of before. OK, so I wanted to say something that was a little bit maybe controversial.  Because it was sold to them as something that made concurrency and parallelism trivial. It's good at that. There's a lot of use cases that I've done that really well, like React and RabbitMQ. I'm not super familiar with Ejavert, but I think it does. It won't architect a solution for you. I'd say unless you're in a situation where it's really the right solution for you, you might be better off looking at using something like RabbitMQ, which is built on the Erlang VM and has kind of like Elixir. It nudges you into doing things the right way, because it's like, well, here's the primitive things that you can work with. And then you kind of get to solve your own problems, rather than trying to figure out how to build a distributed application, which is something that isn't probably what your business does. Unless it is, and then don't listen to me. OK, so I guess if I wanted to say these are the things that I wanted people to take away, just to harp on the point to me, the Erlang VM, so Erlang and Elixir, it's about processes and thinking about things in terms of processes, but it's not about trivializing distributed computing or parallelization. When you can find ways to think of things in terms of processes, it can make actually solving certain types of problems significantly easier. Elixir nudges you in the right direction a lot of times, and so if you feel like you're fighting Elixir or the way that it's trying to tell you to do something, step back and ask whether you're really trying to do it the right way. And then learn the tools. Mix and X unit are great, SPAC, dialyzer, documentation, all that stuff. And that's actually all I had to say. I was afraid that it was going to be way too long, so I cut a whole bunch of stuff. So does anybody have questions? All right, thank you very much.


The Obama administration has authorized an expansion of the CIA's predator-drone missile attacks in Pakistan, alongside the president's decision to send 30,000 more troops to Afghanistan. U.S. officials are considering increasing the airstrikes and extending them further south, beyond the current target areas in Waziristan and into the western province of Baluchistan for the first time. Obama's decision to increase the missile strikes against the Taliban, in a country in which the U.S. is not officially at war, is controversial. Most Pakistanis view the attacks by our country as a violation of their sovereignty, and their government opposes expanding them in the tribal areas, let alone spreading them to Baluchistan. In an interview with Der Spiegel this past week, Pakistan's Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani said the drone attacks are quote, counterproductive in the sense that it is creating a lot of anti-American sentiment all over the country. According to Pakistani intelligence officials and witnesses interviewed by the Associated Press, since late January 2008, there have been 67 suspected U.S. missile strikes into Pakistan, killing 721 people, 556 of whom intelligence officials believe were militants. More CIA drone attacks have been conducted under President Obama than under President George W. Bush. A Gallup poll in Pakistan this past summer found only 9 percent of Pakistanis in favor of the attacks and 67 percent against, with a majority ranking the United States as a greater threat to Pakistan than its arch-rival India or the Pakistani Taliban.


and look at sample answer which will explain to you how you need to answer the question why this course in the interview. So which course are you going for? MBA with specialization in marketing and analytics. Why do you want to pursue this course? I have worked in a sales room for the last two years when I'm working with data and doing basic analysis. For the next place of my career, I want to transition from sales to marketing domain and learn about analytics. This MBA will help me get roles like marketing analyst with e-commerce companies. So I hope that the do's and don'ts and the sample answers have given you an idea of how to frame your answer for why this course. We also have a complete question bank for fall 23 questions. So this question bank includes all the questions that are being asked not just with respect to the course but other categories as well. This is a free PDF. You'll find the link for this in the description box below. So make sure to check it out and get your period.


One quality that nearly every human wishes to have is the ability to be smart and make wise choices. To some people, smartness is a gene one inherits from their parents, while to some others, it's something we get from learning and going to school. Here's the thing, it doesn't matter where a person gets the gift or ability from, as long as they have it, although the truth about being smart is that it is something you get by consciously practicing specific habits, you have to be intentional about it. Brand Tracy, a self-development auto and public speaker said, Your life can only get better when you do something every day to improve your key-scale areas. In this video, I'll share with you 10 small things you can do every day to get smarter. If you are new here, consider subscribing so that you won't miss other exciting videos like this. 1. Make smart friends According to Oprah Winfrey, an American media executive and talk show host, surround yourself with only people who are going to lift you higher. Also, Jamela Jamil, an actress and radio presenter said, Surround yourself with people and things that inspire you. Learn everything you can. You see, you can't expect to hang around door people hoping that you'll immerge smart all of a sudden. The best that can happen is that you'll become the brightest of the group. But that doesn't necessarily make you smart. It only makes you the best of all the door guys. On the other hand, hanging around smart people will challenge you to become better. Although you might look like the dullest initially, it will only be a matter of time before you catch up with the rest of the group and start thinking like them. Baying around smart people promotes healthy competition and exposes you to new ideas, perspectives and knowledge. 2. Read a little every day When it comes to self-development, reading has got to be one of the best ways and the habits necessary to accomplish it. Reading helps expand the horizon of one's mind and also boost imaginations. A paper by Anne E. Cunningham claims that children who read turn into smart adults. Whether you choose to read fictional or non-fictional books, it doesn't matter as long as you are reading and encountering new words and knowledge every day. Here's the thing, when you read fictional books, it increases your capacity for understanding the human condition and boosts your emotional intelligence. Non-fiction books, on the other hand, pushes you to read harder texts, absorb exciting and challenging materials and forces you to think critically. So, for the right balance, you can have a good mix of both. 3. Write down what you learn Reading is one part, writing down what you learn is another. For instance, say you came across a new word while reading and then you picked your dictionary up to check what it means. Writing it down in your words and even making a sentence or two with this new word will help you remember it better than when you don't do any of that. You see, you haven't learned what you don't remember. Memory functions through repetition. When you repeat a fact, you set the wheels of memory in motion again. According to suggestions of Claudia Azula Artucha, a yoga teacher, write 400 words a day on things that you learned. 4. Manage your time wisely Destruction is something that comes easily now thanks to this online age. If you want to get smarter, then you need to prioritize appropriately. Set time for learning and improving your skills daily because if you don't, you will end up spending your day doing both things that matter and things that don't matter. The sad part is that you will likely spend more time doing the things that are not important than you will doing the important stuffs. Whatever what Brand Trace said, your life can only get better when you do something every day to improve your key skills areas. So it will help if you learned how to manage your time correctly so that you can prioritize the things that will help you become smart and do them daily. 5. Break routines Doing the same thing over and over won't give room to learn new things and when you aren't learning, how can you become smart? To become smarter, you have to learn to break routines. Experts say that breaking routines and trying new approach every once in a while is healthy for your brain. Whether it is trying a new kind of breakfast or applying a new route to work, whatever it is as long as it is not your routine, go right ahead. 6. Learn new words every day or a new language Learning new things and challenging your brain in one way or the other is one of the best ways to get smarter. Start by learning new words or a new language. No, you don't have to be fluent in the new language but your ability to challenge your brain in the process of learning the language will make you smarter than you could imagine. 7. Ask questions a lot Learning to ask questions is something that will help you get smarter because it will make you dig deeper, going beyond the surface level to satisfy your curiosity. If smart people accepted everything they hear without asking questions when it mattered, then they will probably not be referred to as intelligent. I mean, there will be no difference between them and everyone else. 8. Exercise regularly Oh no, I'm pretty sure you didn't see this coming, did you? The thought of exercising sounds like a lot of work and well, no one likes anything that involves so much work. By the way, what has exercising got to do with getting smarter? Do you remember the old Roman saying healthy body, healthy mind? According to a Concordia University research, getting more blood and oxygen to your brain helps for cognitive health. Also, you need your body to be healthy to get smarter, otherwise your mind will be unable to accept new information as well as work on a proper manner. Remember, healthy body, healthy mind. 9. Do something artistic To get smarter, you can learn how to play a musical instrument, how to draw, dance, sing, paint, design, etc. You see, the act of thinking about something to create and then using your hand-eye coordination helps nurture your brain, storing your memories and aiding retention. So get creative. 10. Eat healthily Do you know that there are brain booster foods? For instance, food that contains high level of fats, good fats like fish or nuts. Because the human brain consists of 60% fat, eating these kinds of foods will help boost your brain capacity and help you get smarter. Thank you very much for watching our videos. If you liked this video, watch more videos on our channel and subscribe. We love you.


The best thing is studying Australia. There's a lot of world-class universities. There's a lot of world-class facilities, world-class teaching, multicultural societies. The state-of-the-art technology that they provide to the students and support that students get here. The higher education level and the qualified teachers and the best education system. Because we have so many international students here, we have a lot of perspectives. Relatively easier access for me to job opportunities. And I believe workplace experiences can complement your academic studies. The way that our teacher used to present the materials in my country is just one-way communication. But here in Australia, you have to develop your critical thinking, talk to your lecture, talk to your partner in your discussion groups, so that you can get many perspectives in one case only.


During versus while which is correct number one. I watched a video during my break To which is correct. We celebrated while we had lunch Three while at the gym. I hurt my knee number four During my trip to China. I met my best friend number five While visiting London. She saw the prince To learn more about this topic see video at link or Check out our websites for more free English learning resources eslgold.com or freeenglishstudy.com


This is Think Tech Hawai'i, Community Matters Here. Happy Eloha Friday, and welcome to Hawai'i Is My Mainland. I'm Kauai Lucas. We livestream Fridays at 3 p.m. The videos are available anytime thereafter on YouTube and ThinkTechHawaii.com, and the podcast is on iTunes. For 25 years, the Hawai'i Forest Industry Association has sponsored a jury woodworking exhibition, Nala'au o Hawai'i. The Hawai'i Wood Show celebrates the audacious challenge of artisans working in Hawai'i with locally grown woods. This year, a new annual show for students titled I-Squared Innovation and Imagination is being added. My guests today are Peter Simmons of the Hawai'i Forest Institute, Chris Jigeta, President of AIAS at the University of Hawai'i Mānoa, and Iolani student, Isu Nishioka. Welcome. Well, gentlemen, I don't often have the honor of having three guests, and certainly not such talented ones. I hear, Peter, that this is in some great measure your fault. Thank you for putting it that way. So why do we have this show, and why do we keep having this show? Okay. Well, the history, brief history, is that 25 years ago, a little more than that, I was walking out of a wood show, a really good one in Hilo at the Wailoa Center, and everything there was just beautiful Hawaiian woodworking, and everything was all solid koa. And as I was leaving, I realized there was one display, one piece that was made out of veneer, out of koa veneer, and it was some snowflakes hanging right near the door, and it occurred to me that I knew, because I knew a bit about how much resource of koa was left on the land and available for art and stewardship, and I knew also that there were a lot of exotic woods, not from Hawaii woods, that were also quite beautiful, and I also knew we had wonderful craftsmen and artisans in wood. And that's when it occurred to me that maybe we could have another show, a statewide show, that would challenge our woodworkers to use less koa, so the first show had a subtitle of the 10% koa challenge, and also give rewards, really, for people using either less utilized woods or woods not from Hawaii originally. So we have different types of eucalyptus that are being used, we have monkey pod being used, and we have much less koa, and the koa that is being used is mostly being used as a veneer on the wood, on the furniture. I think we have a picture of the postcard that has a lot of the objects over the years that kind of gives a good sort of montage of what the diversity in the show is. So you can see there's a whole lot of different woods here. Is it still a 10% show? No longer. We do have some solid koa pieces coming, especially in bowls and art objects. But the spirit of the show is that we would utilize what koa we do use very wisely. And also I neglected to mention the idea was to get a picture of these woods, get the woods in front of architects and designers and the general public so that they could all appreciate them and we could all be challenged in the future to use them for higher and higher better purposes. So how are we doing on that higher and better purposes? Well, some of the pieces from the very first show are still beautiful. In fact, they all are beautiful. But I think the challenges of trying to utilize koa more efficiently have really taken hold and you'll see a lot more veneering around the state and as well as at the show. And the range of local woods that are showing up is just spectacular. And I think everyone has learned a bit more about what's available. And hopefully we'll have a greater demand for Hawaiian grown woods in the future. So why not koa? Well, there is an abundance of koa. It's not endangered, but it is a precious resource. And it behooves us to be wise with the management and use of our resources. And so that becomes a flagship of kind of how we are. And we think of the beautiful musical instruments that are made with koa, ukulele, very thin, very, very small amount of koa goes into that. And a great deal of artisanship and craftsmanship. So really it's to show the craftsmanship and artisanship of the people of Hawaii and not to be wasteful with our resources. OK, so this show is actually opening this afternoon. I guess we're all going to helle on over. There's a talk at 5 p.m. by one of the jurors. And then the show is going to be up for a couple of weeks until October 8th at Lunikona at the Honolulu Museum apart. And you can see that Mark Safiri's lecture is tonight. He is one of three judges, the other two being John Gongzer and Noe Tanikawa, a familiar name to most here in Hawaii. So here we see the I-squared challenge, innovation and imagination. For students of all ages, it says. But it turns out that they are from three different institutions. Ilani, yay. Even though I went to Ponoho, it's OK. That's a risk. And UH, you're from the School of Architecture, Chris? Yes, correct. And what are those funny letters after your name? It's the AIS. It's the American Institute of Architecture Students. So we're just a student organization under a national. So they have a national AIS and then we're the Hawaii chapter. So yeah. So you're an architecture student, but you have a piece on the show, right? Yes. How did that happen? Well, I worked under the wood shop because we do a lot of, we actually do a lot of like architecture models. So I'm one of the shop assistants who run a laser cutter, a CNC machine. A CNC machine, what's that? Yes, it's a computer enumerated or computational enumerated enumerated computer and it's run from like a router bit. Basically, you can think of it like a reverse 3D printer instead of adding material. You're taking out material. Sure. I'll think of it as a reverse 3D printer. Yeah, no problem. That's the way I explain it too. It's like the easiest way I can explain it. OK. Yeah. And Eason, how about you? You're from Iolani and that's the other school besides. So there's UH architecture. There's UH art. And fortunately, we have some genuine youngsters who are grabbing these hand tools and playing with them. How did you get into the show? My art teacher approached me about whether or not we wanted to participate. So me and a couple of other students decided that we would. And it turned out to be a really great experience for us. How many of you from Iolani are there? I believe there's around seven that have entered. Excellent. Excellent. So you worked with wood before. I mean, this is an art class, not a shop class. But you've worked with wood before. We have some of your artworks, actually, Eason. And I just, can you talk about them? Sure. So this one is, I titled it Makani Aina. And it's basically some mango. And I hand carved it a little bit of a torching. And then I was able to put it on a nice base. So this is some Cuban mahogany live edge cups, I guess, that I turned on the lathe. Live edge. Right. So live edge just refers to, I suppose, the orientation of the wood when it was turned. And when you turn it in a certain way, the edge of it is different compared to a traditional flat edge. OK. And this is the piece that was entered into the woodchill. So I called it ripples. And the two red panels are eucalyptus that I was able to turn on the lathe. And the glass, which is the blue part in the middle, I was actually able to make a form and then cast it. Wow, spectacular. That's glass. OK, that's just my ignorance. I looked at that and said, oh, he painted the wood. How interesting. Wow. So casting glass, that must have taken a while. Have you cast glass before? Yes, I've tried it before. And then the more you do it, I guess, the more accustomed to the process you get. So that wood that you got to the eucalyptus, I forgot what else it was, was it just eucalyptus? Primarily eucalyptus. Yes. Where did that come from? So that was, I guess, part of the challenge. They gave us about, I want to say, 10 board feet of lumber. And within it, I had eucalyptus pieces. So I cut it, glued it together, and then turned it to get that round shape. So that's another part of this challenge. Maybe you can speak to that, Chris, about that you were given wood. Yes, we were. How did that work? It was donated to us, actually, from a bunch of different organizations and other people. So we were very thankful for that.  Because we had, usually, we run a furniture class and students are supposed to spend their own money on wood. But fortunately, we got people who were generous enough to donate to us. And in this year, we had at least 10 people who entered. Wow, nice. Peter, did you have anything to do with that wood sourcing or your organization? Not this year, but a lot of the members that are sawmillers would contribute to schools and this contest for sure. Now, that sounds like a really good use for some of the trees that come down that our arborists take down. And then what happens to them? I love the idea of students making furniture or art with them. So again, this show is opening tonight. And are you all going to be there? Yes, I believe so, of course. OK. And there's seven from Ilani. There's about 10 from UH. And Peter, do you have any idea how many artists are involved? I think there might be 35 or so. Wow, nice. And some artists have more than one piece. Two or three pieces, some of them, yes. Yeah. OK, well, we're going to take a little break and come back and talk more about the show. Crazy world, so caught up in the confusion. Nothing is making sense. A sign of designated driver. Welcome back to Hawaii is my mainland. I'm Kaui Lucas. With me today are three gentlemen who are all involved with the show that's opening today at Lenicona School, the Hawaii Wood Show. This is the 25th anniversary for the Wood Show. But it's the first show that is including a new category, Innovation and Challenge, which they're calling innovation and imagination, which is the I squared challenge. So, Ethan, tell me when you got started, when you got into wood, how did it, how did you and wood get together? OK, well, I guess from a young age, I was always pretty interested in, like, tinkering with stuff, so I'd always, like, try to pound nails together. But there was no skill involved. But when I got to high school, I decided to take the art class, which we can work with anything from wood and joey and glass. And as the years progressed, I really started to enjoy it more. And then my skills have also gotten a lot better. So do you spend time in other aspects of wood?  I mean, where is it pretty much in the context of school? I do have a lathe at home. And I'm able to make a couple of things on that. But the school has a bigger lathe that's better and easier to use. So one of your pieces, excuse me, was hand carved. How was that as an experience, as a maker's experience? It was pretty eye-opening to see how, you know, with the use of tools, the interesting textures and shapes that we can get. Like, when you think of the lathe, most everything that comes off of it is round. But if you can carve things, you can change the textures and forms. Very cool. And how about you, Chris? I got into woodworking when I started working with my dad, because he's a contractor. So we started building small residentials. And then with that experience, I got into working at the woodshop in my school. And that just opened me up, because relating back to architecture, we're supposed to design, like, innovatively. But in order to design, you need to think about the build process of it. So there's a whole design-build prospect. And it's a really, like, a great exposure, just thinking of things in your head and then actually, like, bringing it into life. So I got that passion into trying to build stuff. So how long have you been working with wood? About, like, a year and a half now. I'm, like, really new with it. Yeah. You're the old man. These were my experience. I'm surprised that I was in today in high school. And how about you, Peter? Do you do woodworking? Oh, yeah, lifelong woodworker, just a regular woodsy guy. I come every year to be humbled by the awesome work that I see. And what I've just seen on the video monitor here from you guys looks awesome as well. Really nice, good thinking going on in there. Good balance and good textures. Very good. So what do you like to make? I started out making furniture, because I couldn't afford it. And then I got a lathe, because I didn't have the time to make furniture. I could make objects on a lathe. And now I'm retired. And so I have time to make things. And so my last project is making doors for my house. I think I've got 17 made in Hong. Just keep at it. So are those hot doors? I'm sort of shocked. We're talking about all these woods like mango and koa and eucalyptus. What do you make doors out of? Well, kind of an interesting story. Hurricane came and hit the Hawaii Island pretty hard about four years ago, I believe it was, and knocked down some major trees on an arboretum in Ka'au at the Shipman Arboretum in Ka'au. And they were already, they were old trees at that point, maybe 75 years old or 80. And Jay Warner, a sawyer, went and saw him. And I ended up with some of it to make into doors. So my wife designed them, and I made them. That's a tried and true formula. And I want to ask a little about those sake cups. They were pretty amazing. But I couldn't tell from the picture how big they were. He said, how big are they? Well, maybe that tall, that wide. OK, big cups of sake. They're pretty big, but yeah, five inches. Yeah, maybe not best for using it, but. Big sake cups. And what is your piece that's in the show, Chris? I did like an iris movement mechanism, so I. I asked. I don't know how to describe it. It came from a past elective course that we had in architecture school, where we played around with like an Arduino.  And then you hook it up into a stepper motor. So you get to program. You get to bring those two together and program it, and then control like the movement of it. So pretty much it's my whole piece is like a like an aperture of a camera where one gear drives and then it drives the whole mechanism. And then it gives like this like closing and opening movement. I wish I had a picture or a video. And it's not your fault. I'm so pleased to have you here today. But it was kind of a last minute thing. So come to the show and you'll see it. That's actually the point of all of this, is that to get people to come and really see, as Peter talked about, the incredible diversity of woods. And the woods for this show are for your innovation and challenge that we're given to you. I think they had to be either locally grown or pre-used. Is that right? And they were reclaimed. Like Hawaiian exotic winds. Did you get to pick the wood? Or were you just handed a bundle? And they said here you have to make something. Yeah, it's more of a bundle. I think there was like Norfolk pine eucalyptus. There was some coa veneer, pretty big variety of wood. And you already know how to identify all of these woods? Yeah, I guess the Norfolk is pretty characteristic because it's pretty white. And the spalting will turn it gray. And the knots are just a really bright red. So quite characteristic. And Peter isn't this awesome? You know that these kids, they know what woods they're using and they know them. But tell us more about the forest part of this. Well, 25 years ago, Kamehameha Schools was reforesting with coa. And I don't believe there was too much other activity going on with coa at that time. But now, if you look, you'll see the slopes of Mauna Loa. The western slope of Mauna Loa is largely being reforested, or at least has been rededicated to growing native forest and less so growing cattle. And you could go to the National Park that acquired Kahuku Ranch. And they're transforming that into a more native setting from pasture land, the nature conservancy is their neighbor. You can go along that slope and you just see a transformation of what people have repurposed their lands for and Kamehameha as well. So you'll see literally 100,000 acres of land that was formerly dedicated toward cattle that has been repurposed now toward growing coa. And that's been over a period of over 25 years. Not entirely, the wood show is not entirely responsible for all of that. But also, there's been a growing appreciation of eucalyptus and other woods here that previously were not appreciated very much. And things have changed around the world so that new techniques of managing and harvesting and processing eucalyptus have improved greatly. And then appreciation for just the raw beauty of the wood has grown over the years. And so people have become attracted to that at the show and then asked our makers to follow up and make something beautiful. And I would say one thing about our woodworkers, they are some of the best in the world. A lot of people in Hawaii don't realize that for such a small population base that we have such a high quality artisan base, if you will. And this is really, really true. And you can see the history of it all the way back to the ancient Hawaiians, the Umeke and Calabash that they made with, and not with the modern lathe, but with a stone tool, were nearly perfectly round and awesome and beautiful and resembled gourds. And when the missionaries came here, they recognized the advanced artisanship of the Hawaiian people and carving as part of that. And then there was the ship's carpenters that came. They were very clever fellows, had to make a lot out of a little and they added to that tradition. And then all of the other immigrants that have come have brought the woodworking skills and challenged each other. And here at the show, 25 years on, the artisans and makers are still challenging one another. And so year after year, you see someone's it's all, maybe I could do that, maybe I could do that. So next year you come and you show and maybe you will do that. It sounds like with this I-Squared challenge that it's very much innovative. You've added moving parts. Basically. Have we ever had moving parts before, Peter? Well, let's see, it's musical instruments. I, that counts. Yeah, and no, I don't think we've had too many moving parts. Clock, I think, a clock or two. This is pretty cool. I can't wait to look at it. So in the last two minutes, I'd love to hear kind of what you've, what this experience has done for your relationship with Wood, both of you, Chris and Ethan, go ahead, Chris. With Wood, I guess my experience is that I need to learn way more. Just like, just working with them, there's a lot of factors that tie into it. There's the grain, there's aesthetics, there's how you're gonna cut it, there's how you're gonna finish it. So it was a good learning process and I hope that I can enter again next year and I hope more students will be more involved with it as well. About you, Ethan, what year are you? I'm a senior.  Probably not, but yeah, maybe I can enter a wood show on the main ladder wherever I end up. Do you plan to continue with Wood? Yeah, definitely, I think so. And Peter, thank you so much for over the years. I mean, this is an amazing institution. I mean, I myself, I don't know how many of them I've gone to, but it's when I first started going, it was in Waikiki at the Royal Hawaiian Center, there was a show back there. I know the show's moved around, but this is a great place, cheap parking. Good venue. And it's a free entrance. And we should mention the volunteers are just awesome and our head of it all is Mary and Yasuda and this is her 24th year doing it. So she didn't organize and orchestrate the first one, but she's been here ever since doing it. And she's in her own right, one of the best furniture makers around. So Mary and Yasuda deserves a big applause. I remember she made something out of a purple wood in one of the early shows I went to and I don't know how long ago it is, but it was way over a decade. I'm still thinking about that piece. She's quite a designer. So thank you all for coming and we'll see each other in a little bit with these beautiful pieces. Thank you. Thank you. Thanks for having us.


Put a clock face over a map of North America and take a look at everything between the 10 and 2 o'clock positions. Vast regions stretching from the Pacific Ocean across the Arctic to the Atlantic Ocean. The Arctic, in austere region which has very little infrastructure in an unforgiving environment, enables NORAD to test and enhance our ability to maintain domain awareness, achieve information dominance, and provide decision superiority in competition and crisis in challenging conditions. This is Operation Noble Defender, a recurring air defense operation that takes place throughout the year. This year's operation on March 16th incorporated assets from Canada and the United States with support from Denmark, allowing air defense operations from Tulee, Greenland. During the operation, United States F-15s, F-16s, F-22s, and Canadian F-18 fighter aircraft conducted intercepts of simulated threats represented by bombers from the United States strategic command. The aircraft and crews responded simultaneously over the Alaska Northern slope to Greenland and along the eastern coast of North America. Command and control centers in Canada and the United States coordinated the NORAD assets with support from US Navy ships deployed in the northern areas of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Noble Defender demonstrates global integration efforts, cooperation and interoperability with our partners and allies to defend North America. We are stronger together.


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