Great. Hello, everybody. Good morning, good afternoon, or good evening, depending on where you're logging in from. Welcome to the Land Dialogue webinar series, which is organized in partnership with the Ford Foundation, the Land Portal Foundation, the Tenure Facility and the Thomson Reuters Foundation. Thank you for joining us. My name is Thin and I'm a journalist specializing in food systems and climate change, and I'm delighted to be moderating today's session on climate funding in COP28, Turning Pledgeous Interaction. Now the idea behind this webinar series is to raise awareness on the Len rights of indigenous peoples and local communities. Now these rights, we believe, are a prerequisite to achieve national and international goals around forest governance, food security, climate mitigation, economic development, and human rights. Now this is our fourth and final Len dialogue for this year. But first, before we start our discussion, I'm just going to go through some housekeeping rules. Now this webinar is mainly going to be conducted in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, but we also have simultaneous translations in French, as well as the other languages that I just mentioned. To access the translation, all you have to do is go to the globe icon at the bottom of your Zoom window, click on it, and select the language that you want. Now this webinar is going to be 60 minutes. We've set aside about 10 to 15 minutes for Q&A. So if you have any questions, please post them in the Q&A box and not the chat box. But do use the chat box as I see others are already using to introduce yourselves. Also feel free to tweet using the hashtag Len dialogues, which is just one word Len dialogues. And you can also follow the live tweeting from the Len portal and tenure facility Twitter accounts. And finally, we are also recording today's session, and we will share the link with you later. Now that we've gotten that out of the way, let's turn to today's topic. Now the past two UN climate summits have been big on promises for indigenous peoples. At COP 26 in 2021, governments and private philanthropies pledged nearly $2 billion for indigenous peoples and local communities to fight deforestation. Last year, at COP 27, there was a creation of a new loss and damage fund to help vulnerable communities respond to the climate disasters. Leaders are again preparing for another round of climate talks at COP 28, which is going to start later this week in Dubai. And this time, the vowing to enhance the participation and visibility of indigenous peoples during the negotiations. But as we all know, having the funds or just being able to participate is not enough. The funds need to reach the right people and at scale. But is that happening? And if not, then why is that not happening? Can the newly established indigenous led funds lead the way forward? Well, we have a fantastic group of speakers who are going to answer these questions. And in the interest of fairness, I am going to introduce them in alphabetical order. So first, we have Casey Box, who is the director of global strategy at the Christensen Fund. Casey is committed to supporting indigenous rights, participatory grantmaking, and grassroots network building. We also have Deborah Sanchez from the Hondura Miskita Group, who is a longtime indigenous leader, and she recently took on the role of director with Community Land Rights and Conservation Finance Initiative, or Clarify, for short. We also have Jenny Lopez, who is a land governance advisor, responsible for land tenure rights programming and policy work at the UK's Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office. And we have Valeria Baye from the Terrio and Castriana people of the Parque do Tomocumarque indigenous land in the states of Para and Amapá in Brazil. Valeria, I am so sorry if I mispronounce those names. Now Valeria is the head of the Executive Board of the Podali, which is an indigenous fund of the Brazilian Amazon. And last, but definitely not the least, we have Josimara Meguario, who is from the Parque people, and she is the coordinator of the Rio indigenous fund. This is an initiative from a federation that actually represents 23 indigenous peoples living in the Rio Negro in the Amazonas. So it's great to have this group of donors, as well as indigenous leaders present to have this discussion. So I think the first question I would like to ask to all of our speakers is to sort of reflect a little bit back on the discussion that we had last year on the donor promises to indigenous communities. Can we perhaps talk about where, you know, whether those promises have been fulfilled? So I'd like to ask our speakers to sort of briefly talk about perhaps one key win, as well as one major challenge or obstacle that have, you know, emerged since last year's climate summit. Deborah, perhaps I can start with you for the discussion. Yes, thank you, team, for the opportunity. And I want to reflect on that we probably have already reached like this key milestone where we all have a common understanding of the importance of the flexible that the funds needs to be, like a fewer administrative burdens, and then how we need to be in the center of the design of these funds. So now we're talking about effective participation, flexibility, and how that can look like and how can we implement. So I think that we are going from that phase to the implementation phase. And where are we moving towards that? I think that one of the very important key issues is that we are being reimagining the funding ecosystem, right? We are being creating like these less funds by indigenous peoples, local community, or for the descendant peoples. And how we govern these funds and how we put these funds together and how we start moving forward and working with them. And the most important thing is for me that we are creating actual lesson learns, we are creating experiences, we are doing it, and then that will bring us a lot of the knowledge that we need to move forward. But of course, in the obstacles we are facing that is hard to really implement and recreate things where the system is already set up, right? So we really need to start looking at the more systematic approach and how we can make flexibility, how we can actually demonstrate on the ground. And we've seen that the tendency that a lot of the philanthropists are moving a lot faster on that part, on that way. But then we still see a lot of the people from the from the bilaterals that are also working on that and looking at how we can have effective participation and how the flexibility can look like. From our side, I think we've been like working hard in developing these funds. And now we have established in global level funds, regional funds, national funds that are working. So I think this is the greatest approach or takeaway that I can have from our side. Thank you so much, Deborah. That's actually very encouraging to hear. Valeria and Josie Mara, can I ask you to also briefly talk about one key win and a challenge? Valeria, could I perhaps start with you and then we'll go to Josie Mara? We need to build a process that seems to me to be a long way of trust. The financials, in fact, trust in instruments created and managed by us. And this makes with what, in our perception, this support is also not reaching the way it should be reaching. It still continues, we continue to talk a lot about and not about action, the concrete action of action. I think these are the first messages that we share, reflecting on the process. Thank you. Hello. I think Valeria brought our position very similar. I think something positive that I can say is exactly this opening, these occupations that we indigenous are doing in these spaces of discussion, of international dialogues, mainly. So this listening process is very important to us. It's very positive over the last years, especially the last copy for this copy 28. So this listening process is very important to us. And it's something that I bring a little, not negative, but a challenge that we really need support in practice, not just in the talk, of a partnership, in fact, and also establish this process of trust, of partnership, I think it's also this initial message that I would like to leave. Great. Thank you so much. Casey and Jenny, I'm coming to you. You've heard from the indigenous groups and leaders. What about you? What would you reflect on? Casey, can I start with you first? Sure. Thank you, Ethan. I think last year, I spoke to Toya from Komeab about the issue of capacity building being on the indigenous people side. And the good thing is that indigenous peoples have definitely addressed that. You have the leadership of Pudali under Valeria as now executing grants, receiving more funding and more complex funding. You have Debra Sanchez now leading clarify here on the call today. Indigenous peoples across Asia have founded the indigenous peoples of Asia solidarity fund that will distribute small grants all across Asia. The first ever women's forum in the Congo basin has called for the first ever indigenous and local community-led fund for the Congo basin. And finally, Shandia convened stakeholders at the OECD in Paris to talk about better tracking accountability and transparency when it comes to funding for indigenous peoples. The challenge unfortunately still exists on the donor side. We know that in 2021, only 7% of that pledge out of Glasgow went directly to indigenous peoples and local communities. And when we dig deeper into those numbers, I'm concerned that it's even less than 7%. So really the challenge still exists on the donor side. And there's more that needs to be done to create more flexible funding. And we need to allow indigenous peoples and local communities to define themselves what they view as direct funding and financing. Thanks, Casey. That's a striking number. Jenny, I'd like to come to you for your thoughts. Thank you very much. And I agree with all the comments that have been said. I think the thing I, I'm feeling optimistic though that some progress is being made. I mean, from what I've seen over the last three years really since we launched that, the pledging Glasgow is, I have seen progress being made. I think that, I mean, what we're showing is more IP and LC led organisations are being directly funded than we've ever seen before. I really believe it's not just about the 1.7 billion. It's not just about the money in itself. It's about how we're working together as donors, as IP and LC organisations, other partners, civil society organisations. And we've seen a level of dialogue and collaboration and discussions between all of those stakeholders in ways that really had not happened before. It's been really exciting in Montreal, in New York, at COPs to have leaders from government alongside the stage, alongside discussions, alongside events with IP and LC leaders with civil society organisations in a way that was not happening before, to really have visibility of this issue area by prime ministers, by presidents on stage, in a way, again, we had not seen before. I mean, particularly in New York last month, to have, you know, the ministers from Norway alongside ministers from Brazil, which we didn't even have that minister for IPLC before. I mean, I do see this visibility that the pledge has brought, which again has brought attention to this and now means there's an accountability commitment from donors, which again, we did not have before on this issue. So I do see positive change, but I really do agree with other comments that it is slow. It is a journey, but at least we are on that journey now together. And there is that accountability and commitment, which again, three years ago was not there. So I would like to say I agree it's slow, but I am really feeling positive that at least we're having this conversation. Great. Thank you, Jenny. I mean, what I'm hearing from everybody, I think it's optimism, right? And I guess the fact that it is happening, the fact that there are openings that didn't exist before, but of course, there's always room for improvement, right?  And the question now, there's no question anymore about whether, you know, the IPLCs need funding and that there should be funds. It is now about, okay, how do we make sure that, you know, we can fund them at scale and that well targeted. Deborah, can I just come back to you again? I mean, Casey did a very quick, but super useful rundown of, you know, multiple indigenous led funds that have started appearing. Could you just give a brief overview in addition to what Casey have said and whether there are any other funds that have come up that are, you know, really interesting and exciting? Thank you. I will say that we've been seeing like a this system of global, regional, and national financial mechanism that is being built, led, and governed by indigenous peoples, local community, and after the seminar. And I think there is a few of them and we can see, for example, at the global level, we are talking about the community land rights and conservation finance initiative that is being incubated on in rights and resource initiative coalition and with the technical support of campaign for nature. And basically what we're saying is we are this global mechanism and we are giving grants in all lands and territories. And we are having, for example, grants up to one million and then we have this fiscal sponsor mandate also, two grants that are over 50 million. So we are seeing like a scaling up, right? This issue of capacity, this issue of how we scale funds that goes to the ground. And then we have the regional and national funds. I mean, Valeria, my sister here can talk more about Podali and how it's governed, how it's led, but we see in Pawanka, we see in the IPAS, the Solidarity Fund for the Asia, we see the Mesoamerica Territorial Fund, Nusantara Fund, also a man has a national funds already. And for example, we've been collaborating with the man's national funds and with the Mesoamerican Territorial Funds and Clarify is giving grants to them so they can actually build their capacity. For example, in Indonesia with a man, these grants will go to strengthen the capacity of some of the chapters of some of the members of the organization, the communities that are part of the man network. And then in the Mesoamerican, we'll go approximately to 15 projects and the call for proposal was already launched and finished this month. And they will go, for example, across five, six countries and will go from territorial governance to conservation to community entrepreneurship. So we are seeing that this collaboration and this funds and the system that we are building, this network of funds led by indigenous peoples in local communities, we are actually working together. We are complementing, we are supporting each other to get that skill to bring that funds directly to the ground. Great, Deborah, thank you so much. Could I just also ask the audience, if you have any questions, please use the Q&A box and not the chat box. I see a lot of comments coming in and we just want to make sure that we could get to your questions. So please use the Q&A box. Deborah, my question, I was going to have a follow-up question around what can be done to make sure that the funds complement each other. But you did actually just now already sort of answer that question on what you are doing to make sure that there's complementarity. And I just actually wanted to ask, perhaps, to Valeria and Josimara, whether they have any thoughts or anything they want to talk about on this particular aspect as well, to make sure that all these funds sort of work well together and collaborate and complement each other. Thank you, Deborah, for this link. We can also talk a little about this process, about the construction of the network, more on a global level. We are part, our organizations are part of a great alliance that is represented by our great organizations, as Deborah mentioned, the MPB, in Brazil, the PIB, the COIAB, in the country of Congo, as Keisi already mentioned, the REPALIAC, Indonesia, the other partners. So we are here in a great block, mobilizing and building mechanisms. And our processes are the results of debates of our movements, of our organizations. The Podali Fund in Brazil is the result of a discussion of more than 10 years, led by the COIAB, as well as Josimara, who is here by my side, a local fund in the state of the Amazon, a process, a result of a discussion of the fund of the organization, which is the federation of indigenous organizations. And here we share with you a process of construction of the network, of the ground here for these other processes. The example of a local fund for the regional fund, which is the Podali Fund, and for the macro funds in the global area, the fund of the MPB. So it is a concrete example of how we are organizing and building these alliances. And I want to share with you, too, in addition to the indigenous network, we are talking about the indigenous network in a more general, global area, but in Brazil we are building, we are building the network of funds led by social movements. So they are not indigenous, but other relatives, who are traditional people and communities, who have balls, right? In the Brazilian area. Well, we continue the conversation, it's a lot of history. Thank you. I would only like to mention all of this that was said now, we can realize that there is a global movement of funds, of organizations, a global scale with a single goal, to save this planet, to save our people, to make this world better. So I think that, as our partner at the beginning said, there is a progress, no matter how slow it is, there is a progress and we need to strengthen this network more and more. Great, thank you very much. Thank you. Kacin, Jenny, the next question I have is for both of you, you know, from the donor perspective. Of course, like you said, the good news is that the funds are there now and the money is being dispersed, but KCSU yourself mentioned how they're being spent and targeted still needs to be improved. So what do you think needs to be done to change this, to speed this up? Jenny, maybe I can start with you this time. Thank you. And I think this is really at the heart of what we're trying to work on as donors with other stakeholders is trying to understand what are the most effective ways of getting that funding dispersed, first of all, more quickly, and then second of all, in a way that we can really build a more effective longer-term mechanism. So I think what we're realizing, and KCSU, I hope you'll also agree, is there's ways we need to be working perhaps with intermediaries and trusted partners to make sure that that can happen at scale more quickly, which means that IPNLC-led organizations can really receive that money, even if not directly, more directly in a way they can have influence and control over, but building towards actually being able to absorb that directly at scale over those years. I know there's different views on whether what we're talking about as capacity building is really fair, because obviously that's asking IPNLC-led organizations to adapt to donor requirements to some extent. And I think we're also accepting that for some donors, in particularly bilateral donors, there'll always be some red lines in terms of reporting and accountability that, unfortunately, we won't be able to shift. So understanding where those red lines are, but I think what we are looking to do, and I'll speak as a bilateral donor, is trying to dig deeper as to where there are also the yellow lines. Where can we shift? Where can we adapt as donors? And again, that will be a progression, but at least we can actually start to understand that better and see how we can work more effectively. So I think there's also recognition that given we have this collaboration now between philanthropic and bilateral donors, where can we actually collaborate together to understand those opportunities for philanthropic organizations to fund things at different stages to bilateral donors? And there's also work that bilaterals will be funding that perhaps philanthropic organizations may not. So I think we're also realizing that as governments, we also fund some of the broader systemic reform. We also support work for government capacity building. How can that better complement some of the support directly to IPLCs to be an enabling structure? So I think it's really understanding how we can better have that collaboration coordination, but also challenge ourselves, particularly where donors have those restrictions to actually put in place other mechanisms, even if it may be working through trusted intermediaries and partners, to actually make sure that that's as effective as it can be. So I think it's the shorter, more immediate wins, but making sure that's part of a more structured journey towards actually change at a greater scale. Thanks, Jenny. Casey, what are your thoughts? Do you agree with Jenny? Do you have anything that you want to add? Feel free to disagree, Casey. It is a dialogue, you know, as donors we come from different angles. So feel free to disagree, Casey. I completely agree with Jenny. I think there's completely a lot of room for private public partnership. At the same time, I think going into COP28, unfortunately, I still think that some donors don't think that by supporting Indigenous peoples directly, we can achieve climate and biodiversity targets at scale. And I respectfully disagree on all fronts on that regard because we've been using the statistic for a long time that Indigenous peoples are 4 to 5% of the world's population and they've been protecting 80% of the world's biodiversity. So they've already done it at scale. Now it's the time for donors to really comprehend and understand that direct financing will only help to contribute to achieving those targets. Thank you. Thanks, Casey. Valeria and Josemara, can I come back to you again, right? Because both of you are leading Indigenous funds for the Amazon. What do you think we need to be doing practically to get funds where they are most needed? And also, you know, very briefly, if you could tell us what the next steps are in terms of, you know, the funds that you're leading. Again, Valeria, perhaps I could start with you. We need to be recognized as an effective financial mechanism that works, that also has a technical role at the same time and also has a political role within the territories that we work in conjunction with our movements. We specifically work in conjunction with the indigenous movement, right? In conjunction with our bases, with our communities, with our peoples, which is very important in this whole process, right? So we need to be strengthened, in fact, as Casey said, and I agree that these supports are more direct, right? Without intermediaries, that these research and analysis are made of how these funds already exist, they work, right? And that we start to strengthen this process of trust and direct dialogue with the financiers, right? That the donors can listen to us, right? They look for us first before looking for intermediaries, right? Before making the supports, the supports, they look for us, analyze us, right? And the next steps, a little, believe it to be this moment of consolidation of these funds already existing, right? With all our instruments, well-established internals and that we can achieve all the indigenous territory possible, right? All Brazilian territory. And that this alliance that was mentioned, right? By Valéria at the beginning, also strengthens, that all this ecosystem strengthens, right? That we, the indigenous funds, walk together on this great scale. Maybe a quick compliment in relation to that is, once again, we talk about what to do, right? In practice, so that this happens. In addition to presenting us, right? Keis is here. Keis is an important representative for the Podale Fund, supports, right? Detener and Facility is also believing in Podale, right? I think dialogue, presentations, recommendations between financiers, they are very important. It helps to build the trust processes, right? From the financiers, so that these actual resources come to us, right? And they are also part of this ecosystem, knowledge of our work, right? Of these important processes that we are conducting in our territories and that are making the resources that we are receiving, in fact, reach our territories in several ways, right? I think we have other processes to face in this challenge process, which is, in fact, a central issue that we have put a lot. It is how to make this resource reach respecting indigenous peoples, the traditional communities, kilomboleis, right? Without really being able to put the question of the rules as the general principle that we usually see as a limit of access, right? Of these resources arriving. But we are also important. Great, thank you so much for that, both Valeria and Trismara. Jenny, did you want to give a brief example as to why sometimes direct funding, bilateral direct funding can be a challenge? Thank you very much, then. I just wanted to illustrate perhaps where it is not even always a matter of trust or gatekeeping. Sometimes it is purely what we would call efficiency or effectiveness and value for money, which to fund any program for overseas development aid and taxpayer money, we have to respect, is say we had, for the sake of argument, 50 million that we could give to IP and LC organizations and support them. If we were to fund every single one of those organizations directly, that would then place reporting administrative requirements, which would mean it would really not be possible. We would never get the approval to have to work directly with every single one of those, let's say, 25, 50 organizations we could fund.  It would mean we could not fund, we could only fund a very, very small handful. Whereas let's say we work through an intermediary who could manage that, let's say, 50 million fund for us, that would mean we can work with a much larger number of organizations and that intermediary could absorb a lot of the risk, the accountability and the reporting commitments, which would mean that that intermediary could work in a way with those organizations, which really suits those organizations much better. You would be able to develop those reporting requirements in a way that actually suits you as an organization. Whereas if you're reporting to us, the requirements for administration reporting would be so high, it would mean that realistically it would not work on a practical level. So sometimes it's purely a matter of being able to work more effectively and through an intermediary, it would mean that we're able to support IPNLC organizations and the intermediary, if it's a trusted partner, which is really able, someone that we can ensure is working with IPNLC organizations very directly, it really just means that it's able to get that funding to IPLCs more directly, but in a way that removes a lot of that burden. So sometimes I would argue it's a very practical way of just meaning we can support IPNLC organizations in a way that otherwise our requirements mean we can't because of the risk, because of the reporting, and purely because the number of staff that we would require, unfortunately, it would just not be practically possible. So I would just also ask people to come back to let's how do we make practical solutions work. It's not always just about the trust side. Great. Thank you for adding that, Jenny. I appreciate that. I could see that we already have quite a lot of questions coming through. So I'm going to go through the final round of questions now. I mean, it's been a really interesting conversation and I could continue asking so many questions, but let's go to the final round. And Deborah, can I start with you again? I'd like all the speakers to actually very briefly, although slowly, so that our translators can do their job, talk about what do you think we need to achieve at COP28 based on the discussion that we have just had. Deborah? Yes. Thank you. I do want to have a few reactions also to the Jenny's and Casey's comment. We know that this is being this red flag for the bilateral cooperation. And I think that's what why Indigenous peoples of the community are responding with funds, right? So we're creating these bigger infrastructure funds that would also make the enabling conditions that we can reach more people and we can do it at scale. So I think the thing about Intermediary is the issue where Indigenous peoples and local communities are actually the decision makers of the processes. So we need to really think that in a very fine way. So the effective participation is the most important part of every system that we can put. So we can actually say that we are doing this direct funding to Indigenous peoples, even if through several mechanisms, right? So for us, as Clarify, we've been demonstrated progress. So we have 52 active projects, we have 23 in the pipeline. We're supporting a lot of things from advocacy, tenure, security, conservation, organizational capacity, but it's not enough. And you see a lot of the questions in the chat is about how we do get grants, how my organization can access to fund to the ground. So there is still a lot of demands that funding gap is huge as Casey mentioned at the very beginning. So I think that we've been demonstrating the re-iterate commitment to the goals of the pledges have demonstrated that there is a common understanding and that we are going to move forward. But now we need to ensure that Indigenous peoples, local community and after the send in are heard, understood and respect, and that we are actually in the center of the decision making process for all the initiatives that are coming. Thank you, Deborah. Casey, can I go to you next? And then we'll go to Jenny. And then just Valerian, I think you had a bit of a connection issue just now. We're just asking the final round of questions before we go to Q&A, asking what do we need to achieve at COP 28? Casey? Yeah, I think there's three things that we need to achieve at COP 28. One has been said loud and clear on this call that we need to let Indigenous peoples and local communities define what direct financing means for them, whether it be through an intermediary or not. I do understand the case of governments, it's much more complex. And I think Jenny is a shining example of someone who's really trying to think differently when it comes to funding Indigenous peoples and local communities. The second thing is we need to make sure that the just transition is just and that it respects the rights of Indigenous peoples and local communities. I think we're seeing the forced eviction of Indigenous peoples in particular places and the name of achieving the world's most pressing climate goals. And I don't think the eviction of peoples means to happen in order to do that. And then I think, finally, Indigenous peoples needed to be included very deeply and meaningfully in the loss and damage discussion. Great, thank you. And thanks for mentioning the loss and damage as well. It's a tricky issue, isn't it? Everybody seems interested in it, but then nobody seems to be really sure of what the parameters are. Jenny? I think it is critical to maintain the visibility and to maintain that dialogue. And I think we will certainly already be having that at COP. I'd also like to flag that the next donor annual report will be published at COP. If you haven't read the last one, please do look online. Land Portal actually hosts our webpage, so please do take a look. And at COP you will see the latest, I guess, figures, but also the latest narrative from donors on what we've been doing. And of course, I would encourage everybody to challenge, to critique us, but also to do that with the practical, constructive ideas of where you would like to see that moving forward now that we're halfway through the pledge. So yes, I think the critical things are visibility, ongoing constructive challenge and using that platform and those opportunities. Great. Josemara and Valeria, your thoughts on what to achieve at COP28 before we open up for Q&A? It's a little what we just passed, but it's part of the process and of this construction and improvement. It's a shame that we also fell and can't follow the dialogues from the other panelists, but let's go. What do we need to achieve with this discussion at COP? I think the messages here put in the back are important in this sense. The space will be something that puts us in the process and, on the other hand, our participation. We are always in the process of learning spaces, occupying these spaces on the most diverse levels. So I think it's part of this process of what we are consuming, but I would also like to say on the other hand, which is very important and with that I invite everyone who has the opportunity, in the case of Passar, here in Brazil, in the Brazilian Amazon, to know our experiences, to visit the initiatives that we are supporting. And so that they can actually know the reality of the Amazon on its diverse levels, processes, to know our people, our initiatives that have been so beautiful and that have a lot of your participation in these support processes and also to continue to believe in this process, by supporting us in the strengthening of these mechanisms. So I think it was the message more or less at the end that I'm already leaving there. Thank you. Complimenting, I think what we really want in this COP28 is that the promises of financing come out of the paper, that there is a commitment with the indigenous funds of a joint action, of a partnership action that acts as this immersion that Valeria mentioned, of understanding how we work, of not only having a low view or, sorry, from above to below, but to be here together with us, knowing our reality, knowing our results and the impacts that these funds are taking into the territories, which is important in this process of recognition and immersion in the dialogue, in the listening and in seeing with our own eyes how we are positively impacting all our territories. So what we really want in this COP is that in fact all of this comes out of talks and starts to be effective practices by the donors. Thank you so much. Now we're going to move on to the Q&A. We have about 10, 13 minutes. Take on a few of the questions already there. Again, if you have any questions, please use the Q&A box. And of course, if possible, please identify yourself, any organization that you belong to. Now the first question, I think, excuse me, Deborah, I think you might be the best person to answer, but very open for others to come in as well. The first question actually is asking, is there a global database that can show what type of funds that exist to date at various levels for the indigenous peoples and local community organizations? Deborah, would you have any idea? Thank you, Tina. I know there is a lot of partners doing the mapping on the funds, but I don't know if there is a database actually. Thanks, Deborah. Casey, would you have any idea or other speakers, also any idea if such a database exists? No, a database doesn't exist, but there are. The Shandia platform is an umbrella in which all indigenous-led funds are supposed to advocate for direct financing, as well as international funders for indigenous peoples is also creating its own coalition of funds globally, which I know Pudali is a part of. And maybe, Casey, since you're here, you could also pick up the next question, which actually relates to private philanthropic donors, is asking, how can private philanthropic donors access these global regional and national indigenous-led funds? I'm assuming it is to support them. How does the Christensen Fund do and what advice do you have for other philanthropic donors? And Jenny, if you have any advice as well, please feel free to come in. Yeah, so the Christensen Fund puts all of our international grantees, including indigenous-led funds, through a process called equivalency determination, which essentially makes them a U.S. charity for a number of years, and Pudali has gone through this process. And the beautiful thing about that process, while it's complicated, then all other private donors, philanthropic donors can access those organizations and those funds as if they were a U.S.-based charity. So that's the case of the Christensen Fund. Great. Thank you. Anyone wants to add anything? Or shall we move on to the next question? Okay. The next question is, which organizations are best able to help indigenous peoples with mentoring and assisting in organizational development, financial management, monitoring and reporting, project development, proposal development, and the development of advocacy and lobbying programs? So essentially, which organizations are able to help indigenous peoples with essentially a lot of, I guess, capacity building on running these programs? Deborah, Jenny, any thoughts? Maybe I will say that it will depend on each case. For example, as clarified, we are actually supporting the network, the collaborations, organizations with all these processes. But at the same time, we are also trying to make this exchange where people from the ground can tell donors what are some of the things that are hard for them to comply with and how we can actually change some of these aspects. For example, we've been working in Southeast Africa with the pastoralist communities. And there we have, for example, not required on everything report, but we're going to do a gathering. So we have an annual gathering with all the organizations came and they can say what they're learning from the process, what were the constraints and how we can move forward. So for example, if we have these exchanged, then we can create some flexibility because I think I have to be a balance between creating capacity on the organization, but reacting to what is needed with the urgent matter right now and moving funds for that actions on the ground. Great. Thanks so much, Deborah. I'm just wondering if Josemara and Valeria have, you know, have any practical examples as well in terms of organizations that can help indigenous populations with these issues and skills. Intercambio, right? We're here, Josemara, participating in the meeting of community funds that work in the Brazilian Amazon, exactly sharing experiences, sharing experiences from this, the construction of our processes, from this reflection. Because we have a process of construction that we are doing, respecting our process and our modes and above all, our general vision as indigenous peoples, right? So it's very difficult that some institution, let's say, that we recommend, I don't know, that are our partners who have been there for a long time, who know us, right? Because this is important to put as we bring contribution, but respecting the rights, the processes of self-determination of indigenous peoples. This is a central theme for us, right? So intercambio really has been very opportune for us to qualify and improve our processes and adaptation of these intercambio for our realities, right? So it's the path that we are taking in the process of consolidating our funds here in Brazil, in the Brazilian Amazon. Thank you. And we can also realize how much we have a greater autonomy in the construction and execution of these intercambio processes. We indigenous peoples, we are occupying the spaces, including technical spaces to do, right? So the partnerships, they need to adapt to this new context of the greater autonomy of indigenous peoples, right? And as it is also important that the donors know this and see this, right? That our partners, the great zongues and the intermediaries are not the only receptors, right? Today we are taking a much larger role than a few years ago. Great, thank you. We're going to have to close in about six minutes. So we'll take one more question. This one has actually two parts. So I'm going to ask all of our speakers to come in at some point. But the first part is actually Valeria and Josemara. It's directed towards you. And the first part is what capacity do you have that enable you to access and manage funds directly from the donors? And then the second part is for those who do not have that kind of capacity that Valeria and Josemara have, is it not necessary to support them first through so-called intermediaries, I guess, to build the capacity and then eventually enable them to move away from these intermediaries so that they can get direct funding? So for that second part, it would be great to hear, you know, brief thoughts from Deborah, Jenny and Casey. But first, Valeria and Josemara, what capacity do you have that allows you to access and manage funds directly? Fundo, ele é um instrumento criado pelos povos indígenas, pelas organizações indígenas, aonde hoje não tem instrumentos, as nossas organizações nos acessam, para que nós sejamos o caminho, para que nós possamos gerir recursos captados por eles. Isso já acontece no podale.  E da forma para que o podale faça chegar o recurso ao povo Xavante e a gente está organizando isso para a premiação do povo Xavante. É concreto as coisas que a gente está fazendo, ser esse instrumento qualificado e servir ao nosso povo, a nossas organizações, né? Então que eu trago um pouco para vocês, é concreto a experiência que a gente está construindo por aqui. Obrigada. Em relação a uma experiência também do fundo indígena do Rio Negro, nós temos essa base muito forte do movimento indígena, que é a FOIRME, a Pederação das Organizações Indígenas, que faz parte da rede da COYAB, também a nível Brasil. Então as nossas organizações nos fortalecem com essa capacidade, o que nós ainda estamos nos estruturando, nos consolidando. As nossas organizações nos dão oportunidades e nos abrem espaços para que a gente possa atuar de maneira mais direta com relação a esses financiamentos para essas iniciativas de dentro dos territórios, né? Então as nossas organizações são a nossa base de apoio. Great. Thank you so much for taking that on. Despite, like I said, a really difficult challenge of asking you to be brief in your answers. Deborah, do you want to take on the second part of the question? Thank you. I will say that there is a natural allies and partners to the indigenous people's local community and Afro-descendant in the ground. So maybe we can go and work directly with the people and then they can decide who is the natural ally or who is the person or the organization that they want to be the mentor and work with them to make their capacity. This is one important thing. And I think the other important thing is to really understand that the funds, the most of the funds goes directly to the communities, right? So and they decide on how they are going to actually spend these funds underground because sometimes for the capacity building side is a very limited funding. And then, for example, in our case, we were, we are the ones taking, for example, the responsibility of writing the reports and giving that. So we don't pass that to some of our partners and some of our brothers and sisters in the ground. So I think looking at these processes where, for example, from me to my partners, we can have a more flexible way of sharing knowledge and reporting and all that. But that actually I, as a fund, get the responsibility to write the report and do the other things that can be also a model that can be used. But I think the most important part is letting the people on the ground to make the decisions on where, how and which, which person or organisation they want to work with. Thank you, Debra. Jenny, and then maybe after, Casey, we'll perhaps close with you. Any reflections or just to touch on the final, the second half of that question? Thank you. I really echo a lot of Deborah's points just now. I think the most, some of the most exciting emerging models, such as the Teni Facility of those where IP and LC-led organisations can make their own proposals and make their own choices about how they would like to see the money spent and how they can be supported but where there is still technical support available from organisations to help manage that and in a way that the IP and LC-led organisations would like to have rather than that be imposed on them. And I think that really works from the points I made earlier from a bilateral organisation as well to mean that they are easily able to be funded because we're able to channel that funding through an organisation such as Teni Facility. So it's a model such as that that I think we need to scale out where it really works for the donors in terms of the reporting, the administration, absorbing the risks, but it can also really work from the other side also in terms of that really proactive and really empowering model where it's the IP and LC-led organisations who get to design how they would like to see the funds spent and they are the ones who are doing the implementation with technical support. So that's the kind of model I would really like to see scaled up. Great, thank you. Casey, final thoughts? No, I completely agree with Deborah and Jenny's points. I think it's about Indigenous people's right to self-determination. Each case is different. Let the communities decide who they want to work with and define direct finance. If the case is to work with Clarifier or Teni Facility and they think that's direct financing, that's absolutely their decision and a great model and in other cases going directly to communities or funds like Pudali is also a great example. Great, thank you. Unfortunately we have run out of time so we will have to close this webinar. I would really like to thank the audience for staying with us and do apologise that we're not able to take all the questions. And of course I would like to thank all of our speakers, particularly Josimara and Valeria who have joined us despite connectivity issues. We really appreciate you being able to stay for the whole hour as well. Can we give all of our speakers a virtual round of applause, please? Thank you so much for your insights and of course thank you to the audience as well for your participation. Now if you're interested in taking a deeper dive into Indigenous financing and issues at COP28, Teni Facility will be there and they are sharing a link where you can register for a couple of the hybrid events that they are organising. Of course thanks also to our hosts at the Fort Foundation, the Land Portal Foundation, the Teni Facility and the Thomson Royce Foundation. It's been a real pleasure for me to moderate this event and all the best with COP28 and I hope that you know all of what you hope for will come true and that we can you know next year at this time when we have this conversation it will be even more optimistic and positive than it has been. Thank you so much. Have a great day, afternoon, evening or night and goodbye.


My newid yn gyrwyddoedd ac yn ystod, dyma'n bus carol yn fawr yn fawr. Nid yw beth sy'n fawr, gan ymlaen i chi arfer yn diweddol. Fawr yn fawr yn ei angen, yn gyrwch â ymddwnol cysnod ymddugau yn rhan fawr, gan Janifer Samarzy yn yng Ngorffydd Ardryg Fawr, ac mae'n amser ymddug fawr yn ei gweithio i leiri gael ar gweith agen nhw. Ond mae'r gweithio'r gwybl yn ei bod yn fwy o'n eu bod ni'n fwy o'r ddweud. Nid yw'r cyffredin yn ddod yw'r cyfan yw'r tyfn? Yn amlwg, Elan. Yn ffas yw, rydyn ni'n gweithio'r cyffredin, ydyn ni'n gweithio'r cyffredin yna bryd. Rwy'r cyffredin yw'r cyffredin wedi'u gymryd, mae'n gweithio'r cyffredin yn ymgyrchio'r cyffredin, mae'n gweithio'r cyffredin a'u cyffredin yw'r cyffredin. Felly, dyna'n gweithio fe ddod arfer y ddechrau arall, rydyn ni'n gweithio i gynnig i'r dym ni i ddylo phanol i ddim nhw'n gweithio i ddylch i gael y ddechrau oedd byddwn ni wedi eu gymryd y manchau'n gweithio. Rwy'n cael ei gydigion eu cynghwyl ac yn llunio mewn ddwech? Rydyn ni'n gweithio妹 yn dwech chi胡dd, Dwi felw hwnna'n gweld i ni yn gweld i mi oedd fynd o gwblwch. Fy fyddwch eu ddweud o gwblwch o ddweud o ddweud o ddweud o gael ran hynny sydd o bryd. Roedd gennym o'r ddweud o ddweud o gael a ffordddym yn gyfrnio i gael mwylo gyfer gweithio. Byddwn ni yn ddweud o gael ei ddweud o arlasiwyr iddyn nhw o'n c Balysau, market for their coffee because if you have a product and you like what we are seeing it, it's not good so we are happy that we have a ready market and we are doing well and Fair Trade is also helping farmers in the communities that are premiums which we get after selling our coffee which develops our properties. If we are going to get those premiums we have to call AGM we seek to get their farmers and make those premiums and see how we can use the premiums. It's lovely to hear you talk about that magic premium that not a lot of people know about.  Tell us a little bit about that and how you support Fair Trade personally. Well it's absolutely wonderful. Every time Jennifer you speak about why you've come into being a leader in the coffee farming and then through Fair Trade empowering others other leaders and women leaders particularly and looking after your family in the communities just so powerful. I mean I've always been committed to Fair Trade but I need to make it part of my daily life so wherever possible I will be buying fair trade goods especially Jennifer's coffee but also as a politician I would encourage all my towns in my community to become Fair Trade but as a minister I will make sure I want to make sure that Fair Trade is right at the top of our agenda our economic agenda it's not a side issue it's got to be right if you are a government which believes in social justice you need economic justice as well so it's every aspect of the government I would want to influence and indeed that's that's what we do so all of my colleagues in the Welsh Government. First Minister Mark Drakeford I've mentioned today that fact we have a woman finance minister we have a woman actually a minister Judy James in charge of tackling climate change I'm a minister of social justice is a very much a woman led government to commit ourselves to supporting fair trade and that has to be personal and political. It's some powerful stuff there minister it's an exciting time to be in Wales I think when you touch on the fact that we have a portfolio of climate change Jennifer how is climate change impacting you and the women farmers who work so hard to bring us on food every day? Sure actually as farmers especially women we are facing challenges we are on the forefront of the challenges because being a woman is very hard and you have to work hard so that you sustain the family but if you are working hard and on the other hand climate change is impacting you it's not good. Climate change has posed many many challenges because we experience unpredicted weather sometimes you might be hoping to receive rain in time but you have a normal drought which affects our crops, mania and coffee being the cash flow and some other foods like bananas and maize beans and doing that because we are experiencing pests which are attacking our crops mainly the coffee like meganfa the other year I purchased 400 kilograms of dry parchment but this previous year it was only 300 kilograms I lost 25 percent because of pests because of overflying so if a pest attacks a tree you must make sure you will be able to stamp that tree so that it comes out again as a new crop and not only again for some other families I'm missing their live deer ones because of mudsline some are missing the fatiguit of the soil make that we are a different top breaking isn't it it is and I mean this is why it was so important Jennifer you and other women I say came to the COP26 and you spoke about the impact of climate change we supported you coming speaking up because we also want to do everything we can to make Jennifer's coffee a success to get it in all the shops and all the cafes and restaurants but you are challenged as you said by climate change and we need to learn from that we need to learn and we need to support you the flooding the devastation to to families so my colleague Julie James minister for climate change very aware of this as we tackle our own the impact of climate our responsibilities for tackling climate change it's for you that we need to look to to I'll just understand and say oh you know what you know this sounds this is terrible we've seen the devastation but what is it that we can do to help you through through this challenge I mean seven percent of global carbon emissions is back in Africa and yet they are right on that front line they're receiving much more and fairness in the impact of climate change you introduced me to Tupi one of the farmers who are being identified as one of the most vulnerable on the mountain and because of that work that the co-operative had done you and your portfolio were able to fund a programme of decarbonisation and we have some solar lights to those farmers don't you Jennifer yes so most of the evening are quarantine we are still speaking to using kerosene because of we have no electricity yes government has given us electricity but farmers can't manage paying for that electricity so they will be connecting irrigated young people saying no it can't eat off then we kept on using candles as Ellen is saying mainly we use candles in our homes and kerosene is a threat to our human lives human health I mean and we had to sit and discuss how to overcome this challenge of kerosene then we had to make an assessment of how we can decarbonise this campsite and it came up of an idea of getting at least delayed solar to make sure that the first vulnerable families along the mountain can use and we identified 500 of them to be using those delayed solar and I'm happy that Ellen bought the idea to the Welsh government to reward for us and it disproportionately impacts women so they use the power thing so you know your work is a health benefit it's an economic benefit they have 10 to 20 percent more impact economically now because of the support that we do through Wales and Africa and of course the tree planting scheme well yes and I mean it's so good yesterday when you came into our Welsh parliament to meet all the politicians all the different political parties everybody wanting to learn that you could show us those solar lights that we have funded I will be asked questions in as a minister for social justice you know um with scarce public funding funding money that you have what are your priorities and I know as far as we have a lot of concerns about poverty and tackling inequalities in our own country but we have to look to what we can do what impact can we make um and what investment can we have in Africa because of that shocking you know seven percent I mean we are responsible for climate change we in the west and we got to back you and to have such an example which is you say improves health and well-being out dangers avert's danger but also in your in your lives in your family's lives but also something which will be productive which will actually help with the coffee growing we must publicise this we need to get the message over don't we absolutely and that's the purpose of Jennifer's coffee isn't it women farmers front and centre and established a social enterprise here in Wales with global outcomes and a market for your farmers what message do you have for women in business or veteran farmers around the world that look to you Jennifer to think what what message do you have the message I have from the field trade farmers who are the audience that is doing together to field trade family and by field trade for next to help the farmers in the gardens and your message minister yes fair trade is is so important it has to come up for a bunch of our priorities working with you and learning from you and you know this is where let's all be drinking our Jennifer's coffee but also all of the other fair trade products which of course will make a difference to you know the living your lives but also your children families and economies well happy international women's day happy fair trade fortnight still come out yeah


Welcome to combat of Wing Chun, where we train, test, and do that. Is Wing Chun dead? Does Wing Chun suck? I know, I know. You're asking why is a Wing Chun guy trying to say that Wing Chun doesn't work. Okay, well, before we go on, I know I'm going to get a lot of bad comments, but both sides, okay? Wing Chun, people who love Wing Chun and people who hate Wing Chun. So before you start making any kind of comments, just hear me out for a second, all right? So my purpose of this video is not to bash anything, not to bash any Wing Chun, not to bash any other martial arts. I appreciate all martial arts and we can learn from every martial art. Every martial art has weaknesses and strengths, okay? Wing Chun is just like them. So my purpose is for you to analyze, hopefully from this video, you will see and start to analyze your training and ask yourself, how can you make it better? How can you improve your training? How can you make it more effective? So that's the purpose of this. So I'm not here to say that something's better, we're better than other people or other people are better than us, or I'm better or it doesn't matter. Just forget about that, okay? Just try to be open-minded and to think, how can I or how can you improve and better your training and your martial arts? So let's talk about some weaknesses of Wing Chun. And this is not actually just for Wing Chun, it's a lot of other martial arts that have these weaknesses too. So the first one is lack ground defense. So we're not talking about ground fighting, which is what you're trying to submit and trying to get positions and stuff like that, and staying on the ground and fighting. We're not talking about ground fighting, we're talking about ground defense, which means if you get on the ground, if you get tackled or you trip or you fall and you're on the ground, now what do you do? How do you get back up? How do you prevent somebody from kicking you in the face? How do you prevent someone from mounting you? If you do get mounted, how do you get out? Okay, so that's ground defense on the street because you don't want to stay on the ground when you're in the street fight. Now I know, I know, like if you're doing, if your goal is just to do Wing Chun and do Chi Sao and get good and all that hand stuff, that's great. But you go on the street, pretty much every kid these days is taking MMA and they know how to do a takedown. That's one of the first things they learn. All right, so if you can't even handle a takedown and you end up on the ground and you don't know what to do, how do you don't have ground defense? How can you fight? Okay, so what is your goal? If your goal is to be good at fighting self defense, then why not have ground defense training? Right? But if your goal is just to learn Wing Chun and just to do the hand stuff and fine, just do that. Okay? I'm just saying because we're combative Wing Chun, we want to learn in this school how to fight combatively using Wing Chun techniques. So one weakness is lacking ground defense. So what do we do about that? I'll let you decide what you think and what your suggestions are about this weakness in Wing Chun. The second weakness that I've seen in Wing Chun training is the lack of footwork. Now there is footwork in Wing Chun, but there's not enough emphasis on it. There's not enough training on how to use it for evasion, how to use it for flanking the opponent, how to use it for getting the better position. There's just not enough training. I'm not saying there's none and some schools have really good training, but I've seen that most schools don't have enough of it. Why is footwork important? Well, if you're going to fight somebody, most people, boxers, kick boxers, one of the emphasis is footwork. Because without footwork, you're not going to be able to deliver stretch of power and you're not going to be able to evade and there's a lot of things you won't be able to do.  Lack of emphasis on footwork. There is footwork in Wing Chun, don't get me wrong, but there's not enough training, not enough drills to improve the footwork. So that is one of the weaknesses I see. So tell me what you think about it, tell me what you think the solution would be and let's move on. Here's the third weakness that I've seen in Wing Chun is training methods. Now I've trained lots of different kinds of martial arts in different schools. I've trained Wing Chun, Tai Chi, Jigendo, Mantis, Kung Fu, Chinese traditional Kung Fu, Brazilian Jiu Jitsu and I've trained military combatants with people from the military, people who are from US special forces, people from SWAT team, people from army, police officers. I've trained in the same school as them and sometimes I've trained with them for 14 days straight. So I have an experience with what it means to know real-alities of self-defense techniques. So what's missing in a lot of Wing Chun is that a lot of the techniques are not really applicable in self-defense situations. And also a lot of the techniques that Wing Chun people are using are only working against other Wing Chun people in their class. So something's missing, isn't it? How come when a lot of Wing Chun people start fighting other people from other styles, a lot of the stuff doesn't work? So something's missing. What is that? Is it that they don't have enough experience with sparring with people from other styles other than from their own class? Do they don't have enough testing to see if their stuff works under pressure, under reality situations? So those are some things that I've seen. So tell me what you think about that. Tell me what you think some of these solutions could be from this weakness. All right, I know what you're thinking. We're talking about some weaknesses, but what are some strengths, right? So I need to be fair. Let me talk about some strengths of Wing Chun. Now, in a lot of Wing Chun schools, you will learn tactile sensitivity, which is really awesome because once you get to touch and feel the energy with your arms, then you don't need to see with your eyes. You can feel what's happening by closing your eyes. A lot of people are really good at this. They can blindfold themselves and do Chi-Sao. And they can fight even without looking. So that is one of the strengths of Wing Chun that I haven't seen matched by any other martial arts. The next one is very economical. It has the economy of motion. You're using very small movements to save energy, and you want to go from point A to point B in the shortest time possible, which is a really, really good concept in Wing Chun. So you save time, and you fight faster and more effectively efficiently than the other person. So that's a really good strength in Wing Chun. The third really good strength is forward intent. The Wing Chun, a lot of the techniques work really well when you just go in there, there's a situation, you just go and charge in, and you use that forward energy to overwhelm your attacker. Very useful skill to have to overcome your fear and to attack the attack.  So this training, the forward intent and forward pressure will help you win a lot of fights just by itself. And it's a really good philosophy to have in life too, is to attack your problems and attack whatever is attacking you. It's one philosophy that really works. So these are three strengths that I've seen in Wing Chun. So what do you think about them, and how can you improve on them? So I'm sure with you some weaknesses and some strengths in Wing Chun, and some of these you may find in other martial arts. Like I said, this video is not to disrespect any school or disrespect anybody's training methods. These are things just I personally seen are evident in a lot of Wing Chun training. So I hope that this helps you. And the reason that we do this is our model here, one of the models here at the Battle of Wing Chun is train, test, and adapt. You need to practice first, train the technique, then test it out to see if it works, then adapt, change it, make, if it doesn't work, then change it. If it works, keep going with it. So don't get stuck into one frame of mind and get stuck in your life. A lot of the things that you learn in martial arts you can apply to life. So one of the worst things you can do to yourself is to make yourself stuck.  They stuck because they don't change. You don't test. And when you do test and they fail, you don't adapt. You don't change. You're not trying to analyze and see what's working and what's not. So that's one of the keys to success. You need to test and adapt, okay? And get good at whatever you train, right? You need to get good at what you do, too. Okay, so that is one of our main philosophies at Battle of Wing Chun, train, test, and adapt. So I hope that this video helps you out, helps you open your mind a little bit, start thinking about your own training, about things that you can improve, and start analyzing them without any other people's opinions. Just figure this out on your own. You don't need to listen to me. You don't need to listen to anybody else. Just sit down and think about yourself and analyze it yourself, okay? So tell me what you think about this. Tell me what your comments are, what you think can improve your own training or Wing Chun and channel. So I hope you liked this video. Make sure you subscribe to this channel and we'll see you soon.


Hey guys, it's Nate, AKA The Foot Accountant. Welcome back to the channel. Is Footies slowing down? I want to take a talk, ooh. Hey guys, it's Nate, AKA The Foot Accountant. Welcome back to the channel. I want to talk about today if Footies is slowing down because our content yesterday on Monday was quite slow, right? I was kind of expecting a bigger day with SBCs, maybe a player pick vote, maybe a close call SBC. And we've literally had nothing. We had a 92 plus player pick. I guess it's not nothing, but we had a 92 plus player pick that honestly is a bit overpriced and it's a gamble SBC that a lot of people are going to go and do at this stage of the game. And even myself, I did it because, you know, we have coins to do it at this stage of the game and it's fun to try. But in all reality, it's not that great a value. And that was our only content yesterday besides a PAX Apply SBC. So just very, I guess, confused. I know EA put a lot of content out over the past couple of days and maybe that's why they're slowing things down. But is this maybe just pushing us towards the end of footies and are they going to keep it kind of slow this week? I'm really not too sure. I'm really, I guess I'm really curious to see how today goes on Tuesday to see if that is kind of the path they keep going or if they kind of fix it up and drop some other insane content later on this week. But again, that 92 plus player pick is what we have to talk about because that was the big content from yesterday, 154,000 coins to do this SBC. And to be honest, a lot of people that I saw opening these did not get 154K worth of value back. But there was also some people, I'd say like maybe a 30, 70% like a percentage of people that got something good, 30%, 70% that it was not worth it, right? At 150K, especially right now with everything being so cheap, you have to pack a really nice card to make it quote unquote worth your value to get a player back from that SBC that is more than the SBC's price. So 155K I think is a little bit overpriced and 88 squad was too much, 76% downvoted for a very good reason. Now I actually did it and I packed Pugba. And one of the most interesting things from that SBC was actually yesterday with Charleston, I don't know if you saw this, he's not number one on Footbin anymore, but this with Charleston card was number one on Footbin like all day right after the content drop, he went straight to number one. From what I saw, it looked like his card, this with Charleston Summer Stars item for some reason was like super duper packable. So many people were packing this with Charleston card yesterday because of how many people were searching him. And the ones that we opened, there were so many with Charleston's popping up in the player pick. So it's very interesting to see that this price really hasn't dropped that much. You'd think that if he was getting packed a ton people would sell him off, but he really didn't drop that much at all. So that was interesting to see. Saw a lot of people packing Pugba like I did. Some people got 99 Messys, we packed a 98 Messy. So there definitely was potential to pack some cool stuff from that SBC. But most people, again it was just hard to get your value back from that SBC unless you really were just going for the gamble. A lot of people didn't make their money back but it was a fun one, right? It's a fun gamble SBC at this time of the year. Gigi's a guest for EA to dropping that. But that's our first Monday that we did not get a league specific player pick, right? Cause we've gone all through the leagues and that makes us wonder what's gonna happen today? What's gonna happen today on Tuesday because usually Tuesday is our week in league plus requirement day. Of course we've already had this silver week in league plus that was released last week, 14 days left on this one and the league one week in league plus is gone. So what I'm really curious to see is, is there gonna be another week in league plus the drops today on Tuesday that overlaps with the silver week in league or are they just gonna keep the silver week in league by itself and maybe for these last two weeks, they say, hey, you know what, we'll let you use or we're not gonna try to coerce anybody into using anything else than just their best teams ever. Because right now there's only one footchamps that shows but obviously with that week in league plus objective being out. It looks like there's probably two weeks. My guess would be two weeks. Maybe three weeks of footchampions left but three weeks max, probably two weeks is what feels about right of week in league left. So get your final week in league games in if you're really grinding for it, if you really wanna get them. Done and dusted or enjoy your final team in footchampions, enjoy it as much as you can. There's probably only a couple of weeks left of that but again, that's just kind of what I'm really curious again about today is since the content seems to be winding down, right? We didn't have a close call SBC yesterday. I was really kind of expecting Marcial to drop. I was really expecting to see that yesterday on Monday because that is when we had Sasoko. That is when we had that SBC dropping last week. Usually we have a player SBC on Mondays. Usually we have a player pick vote as well. We had neither of those yesterday. It was very, very quiet, which was very, very peculiar. Now I guess you could also think of it in this way. There's so many players out to grind right now and maybe EA is just kind of giving people a break and saying, hey, go do player picks because when there's no content and people have coins at this stage of the game with the cards or impacts, people are just gonna go and do player picks, which I did but maybe they're just thinking, hey, we're gonna give them one day to kind of work on stuff. We've got Renato out, we've got Conte, we've got the Messi, so many player SBCs that are alive right now at the moment. And that may be kind of what their, I guess their prerogative is and why they didn't drop content yesterday. But I'll be really curious to see if Tuesday, if they step it up again with more footies player SBCs, is there anything expiring heading into Tuesdays? My question, the 88 plus player pick is going away. That was repeatable. So last chance to do an 88 plus player pick. If you had any interest in that, I don't know if that's gonna be re-released. I feel like it wouldn't be, but that's just my personal opinion on that. When I doubt that'll be re-released, we still have the 87 times 10 that will be out another day, 14 hours. A lot of this stuff expires on Wednesday, which is kind of interesting. A lot of this stuff is going away on Wednesday. So yeah, I'm really curious to see what Tuesday brings for this market. Now, of course, with that 88 rated squad being what people were doing yesterday inside of that 88 plus, or sorry, the 92 plus player pick, you even saw 84, 85 and 86 rated fodder just go up a lot in price for that short time period after 6 p.m. when people are going out and doing that SBC. Because again, people have a lot of high rated Tots cards in their club from all the stuff that is in packs right now. And that's why you saw 84s go from 327 points on the index all the way to 424 now back down. But I think 84s are like 9K a card. Yeah, 9.5K for 84s, 11K for 85s, 12K for 86s. So that's why this SBC is a little bit expensive, right? 150K because an 88 rated squad, you still are gonna be paying a decent amount for those players who are even still up a little bit after the like Ronaldo's SBC, R9, 4.26 mil, that's up because he was 3.8 mil, I believe. Yeah, 3.8 mil, a content drop exploded a little bit with the rising fodder prices with that 92 plus pick. So some of your higher tier, middle tier fodder is actually up a little bit. And again, without preview packs as well, the only supply that we have are these random pack supply SBCs that they're putting out. And with non-rares and rares being super expensive, not a lot of people are actually wanting to go and do those because it's not really cost efficient to try to go do like a gold players pack SBC for the, what was it, La Liga challenge? Yeah, La Liga touch challenge they released yesterday unless this requires silvers and I didn't look. 80 rated squad, like no shot, I'm doing this right now when 81 rated and 80 rated cards are at least 2.5, 3K a piece because of how fodder is and how there's low tier SBC requirements right now in this game. That's kind of the biggest thing and that's what our biggest question is were they taking yesterday off of content because they're trying to like wind the promo down or is it just kind of like a one-off slow day and then they're gonna pick it back up the day on Tuesday because for getting yesterday, content's been really solid. Content has been really solid over the weekend. Of course, you know the big player SBCs that we had the upgrade packs are good. The 91 plus times five was kind of dope, right? Even the 92 plus player pick today is a big SBC that a lot of people wanna go out and do. The Nani and Jynniak showdowns really nice. So the Linn guard was a dope SBC. So I'm curious to see if any of that continues today on Tuesday and I think that'll kind of give us I guess a little bit of a pulse of where EA could be headed with the content later on this week. Now some people have asked about objectives. I think objectives are done and dusted unless they do like a really quick one or they do a milestones one. If we don't get an objective this week that would kind of tell me that I think they're maybe gonna do something related to FIFA 21 objectives. I mean, there's really not too much of a correlation there in general, but you know, with the promo ending the season eight has got 17 days left in it. So I guess they could still put it in the objective side here. But I mean, maybe a transfer card would be involved because sometimes at the end of a promo like footage is ending, right? You have an objective card that is in part of the footies promo that is released that kind of still goes beyond and is still available beyond the end of the promo. So I guess we still could get a footies objective. Sometimes we have a secondary objective card but with Fati being out, I'm not really sure. I'm just really confused why we don't have one of those close call, right? It was really expecting more she all. And one of the things that's very interesting as well as not just Pogba was being packed a lot from that 92 plus Pogba, the Rashford Tots card. And there was another Manchester United item that were getting packed a decent amount. You know, I didn't see any Bruno Fernandez Tots cards. Juan Masaka we got from one of those. So, you know, it seemed like they were kind of maybe juicing the GGMU cards a little bit out of that 92 plus player pick. I really still feel like more she all is going to get his SBC. And I feel like he's got to be the next close call item to get one. We've had a Lingard SBC recently, right? If they're juicing some of the GGMU cards, you know, maybe you Manu fans are going to hit the jackpot with a more she'll SBC soon. I feel like that has to be coming, right? So that's why I keep talking about that. But I think the close call SBC is what we expect soon, right? Because we've only had one of those and we need to have some more. That's my opinion completely on that one. We have no new pack code tonight. So if there's anything else that has dropped, we'll tweet it out, of course. Make sure to follow over on Twitter, links down below, check out all the links, right? They prepared for you with 22. Lot of stuff coming on that. So yeah, man, that's kind of the video for today, bros. It just, I'm curious as to whether yesterday on Monday was a slow day of content because they're trying to wind this promo down or are they actually just kind of, you know, pausing for one day and it was just whatever their schedule is, they're going to start picking it back up again today, tomorrow. But usually the second week when it's a two week promo is a bit quieter, especially if they're trying to lead into something else. Again, the thing that we talked about in yesterday's video too, the only one thing that I could think might be coming after footies would be the preseason promo. So maybe we'll start to hear some information about that. Maybe a loading screen later on this week, but other than that, I mean, what comes after footies is probably going to be irrelevant unless it involves FIFA 22 objective rewards or FIFA 22 packs or some sort of rewards for FIFA 22 related. In my opinion, I think it's just not going to be super duper high. So that's kind of the video for today, boys. If you did enjoy, smash the thumbs up on a comment down below if you have any questions and subscribe if you're new. It's been Nathan Foot account and I will catch you guys later. Peace out.


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Hello and welcome to this session. This is Professor Farhad in which we would look at a CPA simulations that deals with governmental and not for profit accounting. And specifically, the topic is budgetary accounts. This topic is covered on the FAR CPA section. If you are studying for your CPA exam, you should be taking a CPA prep course like Becker CPA, Roger, Wiley, Glyme or some other course. That's perfectly fine. You should have those. So how do I help you? How do Farhadlectures.com helps your CPA preparation? Well, your CPA courses don't cover the material in depth the way I do because it's just a review course. And sometimes, not sometimes, I would say oftentimes the CPA course moves a little bit fast. So what I would do is I can help you keep up that speed with your CPA course, check out Farhadlectures.com where I have plenty of resources for your CPA preparation, whether you're studying for FAR or the regulation or BEC. If you like my lectures, please like them and share them. I always like to connect with my followers, please connect with me on LinkedIn, YouTube and Instagram. Once again, Farhadlectures.com will have additional resources for your CPA preparation as well as your accounting and finance courses. I strongly suggest you check it out. It doesn't cost you anything to check it out. Let's take a look at this example that deals with budgetary accounts when it comes to governmental accounting. Now governmental accounting has its own language and I do have a full CPA course. I would say, I'm not going to say this, but I would say it's the best governmental accounting course on the web. Again, you should not say the best for yourself, but you can judge yourself. Check it out. Let's take a look at this example to see how this budgetary accounts work. Chester County engaged in the following transaction and summary form during its fiscal year. All amount are in millions. You need not to be concerned with the category of funds balances for which reserves for encompasses are classified in the bansheets. We don't have to worry about those reserve encompasses just to make our life easier for now. The commission approved a budget for the current fiscal year. It included total revenue of 860 million and total appropriation of 850 million. Simply put, they approved the budget. They estimate to get revenues of 860 million and they think they're appropriating. They think they will spend 850 million. Simply put, they should have a 10 million surplus if everything goes well as expected. Let's set up the budgetary accounts. We debit estimated revenue, credit fund balance. For the revenue, this is budgetary. These are budgetary accounts. Estimated revenue is a budgetary account and fund balance is a budgetary fund balance. That's the budgetary fund balance. Now, we also debit fund balance and credit appropriation. Now obviously, you should know that we can combine those two entries together by debiting estimated revenue, credited appropriation and credited a fund balance of 10 million. Basically, those two entries are modified here. This is the budgetary initial entry. Now, remember, just remember, in few minutes when we do the closing, I'm going to be closing exactly. I'm going to exit out. I'm going to be closing exactly this entry. Regardless of what happened, whether we had more revenues, less revenues, more expenditure, less expenditure, it doesn't really matter. I will be closing this entry specifically. If you want to make a note of it, make a note of it. I will remind you shortly. Now, we ordered. Ordered. Notice we just ordered or signed a contract. Just basically we ordered office supply for 20 million. That's all what we did. Means we started the process. Here's what we do when we start the process. We debit encumbrances of 20 million. We credit reserve for encumbrances for 20 million. This should be indented because this is the debit and this is the credit, but it's not, but that's fine. Basically, what does that mean? It means now what we said is we're going to put away from our appropriation. We're going to reserve the 20 million. Remember, we have appropriation, 850 million. What we did is we said, look, of that amount, 20 million is reserved for supply, for office supplies. They need a lot of office supplies, this Chester County. This is all what we did. All what they did is de-ordered. Basically, both of these are equity accounts in a sense they're equity and you're going to see later they're going to be removed later on. This is to record the order of supplies. Then we incurred the following cost paying in cash. Those we actually incurred and we paid in cash. Salaries, repairs, rent, utilities, and other operating expenses. How do we process those transactions? Simply put, expenditure is 610 debit salaries, debit repair expenditure, debit rent expenditure, debit utilities expenditure, debit operating expenditure, and credit cash. Simply put, we debit expenditure not expenses and hopefully you know the difference. If you don't know the difference, this is why farhat-lectures.com exists is to help you understand the difference. So we debit expenditure and we credit cash. Now, we ordered equipment costing of 10 million dollars. Remember, those are ordered. We did not receive anything yet. We didn't do anything. Same thing, debit encumbrances, credit reserved for reserve for encumbrances. Now, we received the equipment and we were billed 10 million. We thought it's going to cost us nine. Ha! It cost us 10 million, which is one million more than anticipated. What do we do? Now, the first thing you need to do when you receive the equipment, the first thing you do, you have to reverse the original entry. So this is the original entry. You have to reserve the original entry and hopefully you know how to reverse thing, basically the opposite. You debit reserve for encumbrances, credit encumbrances for exactly the same amount. Now, what we did is we receive and we have to pay. Now, we have an expenditure of 10 million, equipment expenditure, not equipment, equipment expenditure. We're dealing with governmental accounting and we credit accounts payable 10 million. So this is the entry. Now, to record the expenditure for the purchase. Now, we're going to be receiving the previously ordered supplies that was built for the amount originally estimated. Now, how much did we order supplies? If you remember, we ordered 20 million worth of supplies. Now, we receive them and to make our life easy, it was exactly 20 million, not like the equipment. First, we reverse the encumbrance. Debit reverse for encumbrances, credit encumbrances for 20 million. Again, debit expenditure, specifically supplies expenditure, credit accounts payable. It happens to be for the same amount. Now, the county earned and collected revenues of 865 million. We debit cash because we earned and collected and we credit revenues, 865 million. And this is basically what happened. Now, the best thing if you want, because I'm going to do the closing entries next, what you should have done is kept track of T account for everything, if you'd like to, because hopefully you can follow up with the closing entries. Now, let's do the closing entries. Remember, the first thing we do in the closing entries is to close the original budgetary entry, which is what? Which is debit appropriation, debit fund balance, credit estimated revenue. Do you guys remember when I asked that entry? That was the opposite of this. And let me show it to you just to kind of make sure we are all on the same page. So this is, if you're doing this on the CPA exam, you got a problem like this, whatever you did originally, which is this entry here, the original budgetary entry, at the end, you would reverse it exactly the same and you will earn points for that because it's supposed to be reversed for exactly the same amount. Now, that's not what actually happened, but you reverse the entry because you thought that you're going to have 860 of revenue, you got 865, the expenditure you thought 850, we're going to see that it's more than 850. So then now we have to close our revenues. We debit revenues, 865, credit fund balance, 865. So simply put, this is basically closing revenues. You debit revenues, credit equity, which is the fund balance, 865. Then you have to close all the expenditures. So you debit fund balances for the total and here are my expenditure, salaries, repairs, rent, utilities, supplies, equipment, other expenditure. Those are all my expenditure. Think about it. What end up happening? What end up happening is the county earned revenues of 865 and incurred expenses specifically of 865. Therefore, they did not have any increase. They did not have any increase in the fund balance. Initially they thought, if you remember, initially they thought they're going to be positive 10 million, but at the end they had more expenditure than they expected. Therefore, it's 865 versus 865. As always, I'm going to ask you to like this recording, share it, put it in playlist, and always I'm going to invite you to visit my website farhatlectures.com for additional resources for your CPA exam. Your CPA exam is an investment in your career. Investment means it's not an expense and as an accountant, you should know the difference between investment and an expense. Investment will pay dividend, will pay you down the road. So what should you do? Invest time and if need be, some money. My fee is nominal. My fee is not that much relative to any CPA course, relative to any type of one-on-one tutoring. Look, check it out. You won't lose anything. Meanwhile, I suggest you study hard. You stay safe and good luck.