it's about that time we got there it's it's just a california beer that's all hey welcome back to our stupid reactions you idiots um corbin and guys it's finally happening uh sadly not probably the way a lot of you want unless you're on patreon then you know that you're happy yeah you're very happy right now um so i know a lot of people have been asking for this and i'm hoping i'm able to put it on the channel we're still waiting on amazon's permission in case you didn't know they blocked all of our patata locks and family man's as well as other channels as you know jabby has reacted to family man even this as well it's all blocked so it's not just us it's everyone right now um so what i might do and you guys can tell me if you like it or not is i might take clips of just the highlight reactions with no video or audio from the episode and just put them up so you can see our highlight reactions and if and when we get permission to actually upload i'm trying to do as well as much as i can for you but you know we don't want it to get blocked or or copyright strike because you know the channel could get taken down then and that is bad that's the update uh but we are very excited in fact we actually tried to start mazhi per i think back at the beginning of the pandemic yeah and then we hit some technical difficulty we got through like 10 minutes and i just talked to reiki doesn't actually remember that we anything of that 10 minutes so that's it's all fine uh um so the first 10 minutes i vaguely remember some stuff that happened but after that it'll be a completely yeah i i do now okay when we got back into it i'm like wait a minute oh yeah this is the thing we started and stopped so i remember what it was now but and it was only 10 minutes i couldn't find the original video footage so i'm sorry about that but if you'd like to see the full unedited version it's always on patreon um it will always be there hopefully amazon will give us permission soon but we are very excited about this we love tripathy as you guys know amazon puts out great content we just wish they would let us react to it and the first episode is called jahandu correct sure sounds good to me jahandu all right jahandu let's just get into it you ready yep three two one sounds like a good friday night if you know what i'm saying don't do drugs kids was that out of check that looks like him did we miss him last time we hadn't watched but thought luck by it when we first saw the first 10 minutes oh and he shot the groom oh right in the eye y'all know i'm a sucker for violence i like the music i wonder if abrashik casted this one as well yeah it was my thought that shot he ran over the finger oh shit oh shit oh shit the actor playing him is doing a great job yeah he is yeah i don't remember any of this so i don't i think we're past where we yeah where we got to a total meathead basically yeah he's doing a great job yeah he takes the law seriously he has such a brand presence about him he's so good you're absolutely you're absolutely correct in that comparison for he has such a brand out feel about him he's intense in this already love the weight of his presence in this so far oh i think the actor i like is gonna die the lawyer or the beef guy i think beef guy i don't think he'll die yet because i think he's gonna join the the gang who died who wasn't oh brilliant sequence of chaos oh yeah fantastic scene two in a row the one with tripathy and then and then that one i would leave lawyer guy he's probably just gonna hold onto them until the case is over he's even carrying himself like brando in this like in the godfather oh no yeah i i thought so uh stop it obviously i don't think there's any news clippings at the end so i don't i could be wrong so you guys could let us out but man what a fantastic first episode i'm already i'm already hooked like like if like we didn't have to like record these i could binge watch just tonight and watch the entire season just based off of that first day 100% because oh man that was good because obviously the beginning obviously gets you we had seen the first about 10 minutes i guess of the of this of the series but for some reason that even seemed better this it's very possible we could have watched it on like a different language than it was supposed to be watched like we've done before as well because it feels like the meathead guy from what i because i think we saw like one or two scenes from him at the first 10 minutes last time a few months ago right um he seemed much better this time but obviously it was the exact same and i don't know i don't know why that is um i i don't have i don't have a deep enough recollection to make a comparative thing of the last time to this one at all but those two scenes with uh the one where they were at the dinner table with uh tripathy and in the next scene where they were doing the intimidation to the lawyer and his family and that entire fight scene that ensued was just freaking brilliant everybody i have a everybody in this cast it's just like put our luck but obviously it's already set itself up to be a very different show much more violent and gory than any show we've seen so far maybe sacred games would be the closest right yeah yeah and i think it will not surprise me if abhishek helmed the casting on this because uniformly across the board everybody is really really good everybody uh and tripathy as we've mentioned one we've we already knew that man was probably one of the best actors in india period and we already knew that just from seeing the right just a few films of him so we've seen we could tell he's one of the best but he brought a different weight to this performance already and it yes it's just starting he it's very it's not a brando impersonation of the godfather by any stretch but he's carrying that same weight that brando carries himself with in in all of his which is might be the highest compliment you could give any actor because a lot of people consider brando the greatest actor of all time um yeah it's a it's a it's a gravitational pull that's twofold that brando had in everything he did peccino has it the nero has it and they're why they're referred to as like the heavyweights and it's this twofold gravitational pull of a deep groundedness that they carry that is just weighty that also draws you into them that's different than everybody else on screen everybody else on screen can be very good very believable very grounded but there's this gravity of them being in the scene and you being drawn to them and he i absolutely agree with you he's got that he's in the obviously and i think we thought even this before but this might even heighten it i don't even know how much it could heighten it but we we already thought he was noah's irfan all those all those uh monos level actor we already yeah at least i did i already considered him in that echelon of the best actors we've seen in yeah uh yeah and he's just it's his you know if you want to see acting as good as it gets just watch him this was to my memory of the series that we've seen this for me was the best first episode of any of the series that we've watched in terms of me just being drawn in and ready to just jump into the next episode of media well sacred games put that lock was it on family guy family man yeah yeah for sure um because the others it it we thought they were good for sure i think put that lock we definitely thought was was a quality uh first episode as well but yeah this one it brought a different weight to it it did i'm gonna i'm gonna make a comparison here because most tv series and we've mentioned this most tv series uh you give it a lot of grace it's first season and it's first two episodes because you get the you understand they're just getting the feel for the show and it translates the crew and everybody the chemistry of everybody working together you're just getting a feel for everything and it translates through the camera and there's very few shows that hit the ground in season one episode one and let you know we know who we are and we're going somewhere the the show that immediately comes to mind is Breaking Bad yeah they uh they absolutely knew and obviously they start every they know what they're doing and this this obviously a very different show i get the idea that this show already knows who it wants to be yeah and everybody from the obviously trip with the obviously and the meathead i think he's uh he's he's already he's lovable uh kind of uh but he's also it because that that character type is also not easy to play because it could come off exactly disingenuous um like your yeah like you're doing a shtick almost kind of thing right and so so far he hasn't done that and so that's fantastic uh the the trip with his son uh in that one scene that we saw trip with his father i don't know who that actor is but he brings just a weight already so i wouldn't be surprised if he's some legend that we have yet to discover right um let's i'm trying to yes and abhishek did cast this he did that's it's his fingerprints all over it he just it feels it feels as good as the casting he did for papalo we're just everybody on camera is good also the um abhishek his performance was also very different uh which which is great um that that man is is a very good actor obviously we know he's a very good casting director uh but you know we we thought he was fantastic and um in in pata lock uh in coming from stree was basically the only other thing that i think we had seen him in uh yeah yeah he's given a very different performance everybody in the yeah i loved it i thought it was yeah and and cast it for the casting again is going back to breaking bad and better called saul it's one of the it's one of the hallmarks of those two shows that every single character in every single episode is well cast yeah well i'm excited i'm very excited my wife is making fun going on what i was gonna say what's going on my wife is just making fun of me she's sitting right next to me so anyways on to episode two hello patreon um and thank you for your support if you'd like to see the full episode yes patreon if you if because if if this is on the channel and amazon has not given us permission and you saw the little cut up um just reactions of us going ah blah blah blah get all like stuff stuff let me know what you thought about that if you like that if you don't like that i won't do it and i can just give you a season review or something but give me give me your opinions of if if if you didn't like that tell me what what i should do because that's all i can think of to do right now i wish i could give you the audio in the video i do but on to the next episode


Hi and welcome to the session. I am Asher and I am going to help you with the following question that says, how would you rewrite Euclid's first costumate so that it would be easier to understand. Let us now begin with the solution and first let us learn what does Euclid's first costumate say. It says if a straight line, volume on two straight lines makes the interior angles on the same side of it, take it together, less than two right angles, then the two straight lines, if produced indefinitely, meet on that side on which the sum of angles is less than two right angles. Diagrammatically it can be represented as follows. If we have two straight lines L and M such that a straight line P falls on them, then if the sum of angles one and two is less than two right angles, then if we produce the two lines indefinitely, then they will meet on that side on which the sum of angles is less than two right angles. That is, they will meet somewhere at the point, oh, this is what the Euclid's first costumate say. Now let us rewrite it so the Euclid's first costumate can be rewritten as a line is parallel to L, a line through a point P which is parallel to the line L. There is only one such line. We can draw only one line passing through the point P such that it is parallel to the line L. So this is how we can write Euclid's first costumate so that it is easier to understand. You can formulate it in some other ways also. So please discuss with your friends in the class for its validity. Have a good day.


Russians threw a whole tank regiment to escape from a crinky area. The Russians engaged the 17th Tank Regiment to evacuate the damaged Russian vehicles from the crinky area. The fact that a whole tank regiment ordered and evacuation mission indicates huge Russian losses. Forbes writes that in mid-2023, the Kremlin organized a new field army around the 70th Mechanized Division by combining three mechanized regiments, the 24th, 26th and 28th, with an artillery brigade and the 17th Tank Regiment. A couple of months later, in September, the new 18th Combined Arms Army deployed to the front line on the left bank of the Nipro River in southern Ukraine's Kursan region. It was just in time to meet the Ukrainian 35th Marine Brigade as it motored across the Nipro and secured a bridgehead in Krynki on the Russian-controlled left bank. Now, the 17th Tank Regiment is responsible for the evacuation of dozens of vehicles lost by the Russians during unsuccessful attempts to knock out Ukrainian Marines from Krynki. The 17th Tank Regiment of the 70th Motorized Rifle Division has been trying for two weeks to evacuate damaged and inoperable armored vehicles from the active combat zone in the Krynki area, the Ukrainian Center for Defense Strategies noted. This evacuation effort involves both regular repair and evacuation units and the second tank battalion of the regiment. While dedicating armored recovery vehicles with their cranes and winches, might be the best means of towing disabled vehicles. A tank can tow and defend itself if necessary. But a whole tank regiment with potentially tens of T-90 tanks apparently is dedicated to the recovery task speaks to the intensity of Russian losses around Krynki. The article reads, In three months of unsuccessful counter-attacks through the Ukrainian drone and artillery destruction zones as well as through the mines that drones drop at night, The 18th Combined Arms Army and other formations in the Kursan region lost at least 163 military vehicles. Ukrainian forces lost only 33 vehicles, mostly on the NEPRO's right bank.


Hello everyone, in this session we will be learning about the lungs and the heart ok. In this session, I will be also showing the 3D models of lungs and the heart. So, stay tuned till the end of this particular session. So, lungs I will be covering in these headings. I will cover the external features of the lung, then side determination of the lung, and various relations of the lung, and structures at the high limb of the lung. And lastly, we will cover about the bronchopulmonary segments and its applied anatomy. And in heart, I will cover the exterior of the heart, interior of the heart, the coronary circulation as well as the applied anatomy of the heart ok. So, in all we will be covering the lungs and the heart. So, let us begin with the external features of the lung. For that, let us directly go to the 3D model which we have. So, here we can see the specimen of the right lung. So, what are the external features in the right lung? Here we can see the upper part, this is the apex of the lung. The lower broad part is referred to as the base of the lung. And it has borders and surfaces. This anterior border, this is the sharp anterior border. And this part is the broad posterior border. And there are 2 surfaces. This surface is the costal surface. And this surface is the medial surface ok. Medial surface further subdivided into a medial senile surface and a vertebral surface ok. And with this basic idea, we should be able to determine the side of the lung. How to determine that this lung is of right side and not of the left side? So, for determining the side of the lung, we will have to justify in 3 dimensions. Just like we determine side for the bones by saying 3 dimensions. Similarly, for organs also we will have to say. So, for superior and inferior, the point which we can say is the apex of the lung is on the superior aspect. For medial and lateral, we can say the hilum of the lung is on the medial aspect ok. This region of the lung that is the hilum of the lung, this should be on the medial aspect. And anterior and posterior, this is the most important critical point for side determination of the lung. The anterior part is the, this border as we can see, this is the sharp anterior border ok. And the border which is on the posterior aspect, this is the broad posterior border ok. And never say that this lung has 3 lobes, that is why this is of the right side ok. Because there may be variations in the lobes of the lung. So, that is why that point should be avoided ok. Always justify side by justifying 3 dimensions. So, this is the lung of the right side, anterior border, posterior border as well as there is an inferior border here. Inferior border separates the coastal surface as well as the medial surface from the base of the lung ok. This region is the base of the lung. So, this oval border this is the inferior border of the lung ok. So, 3 borders and 3 surfaces we can remember anterior, posterior and inferior border. Surfaces are coastal surface, medial surface and the base also referred to as the diaphragmatic surface ok. Because this region is related with the diaphragm and this region here this is related with the ribs as well as the intercostal muscles right. And for the medial surface we will see the relations in a different image. Before that first let us look at the left lung as well. So, here we can see the specimen of the left lung. So, again try to justify the side of this left lung. So, we can say that it has got a sharp anterior border here. The apex is pointed towards the upper aspect and this is the high lung facing on the medial aspect ok. That is why this is the lung of the left side ok. And it also has similar borders and surfaces as that of the right lung. To understand the various relations of the medial surface let us look at different image. So, here we can see this is the right sided medial stenum which is seen the right lung has been removed. Imagine as if the right lung is removed the right lung was here right. So, imagine as if it is removed this is the anterior border of the lung. So, this will be in this region ok. Imagine you have just removed the right lung and we are giving the medial surface of the right lung ok. And similar cadaveric image is shown on the right side. So, what all structures we can see in this region. So, automatically that will form the relations of the medial surface of the right lung ok. And we should be able to like approximately show the locations of those structures in the specimen of the lung ok. So, what all structures we can extrapolate from this image. This we can see this is the heart right. So, which part of the heart is this this region is the right atrium of the heart ok. So, the right atrium of the heart is related in this region ok. And as we know in the right atrium there is opening of the superior vena cava as well as the inferior vena cava. So, SVC, IVC. So, small parts of IVC and SVC are related here. And there is a vein draining into the superior vena cava that is the azygus vein ok. So, azygus vein is related along the medial surface. And apart from that we can see trachea and esophagus ok. So, these two tubes are also related in this region trachea and esophagus. So, anterior aspect there will be trachea posterior aspect esophagus ok. And we can see certain nerves which are related here this is the phrenic nerve here. So, on the anterior aspect there is phrenic nerve and on the posterior aspect near the esophagus there is vagus nerve ok. So, two nerves which we can remember is the phrenic nerve and vagus nerve ok. So, phrenic nerve on the anterior aspect vagus nerve on the posterior aspect. So, all these structures we should be able to show approximately in the dissected specimen of the lung. So, in this region there will be right atrium then in the upper part superior vena cava inferior vena cava ok trachea esophagus phrenic nerve vagus nerve. So, at least these structures we should be able to locate on the specimen of the lung ok. Similarly, let us look at the left lung. So, now imagine as if we are moving the left sided medial stenum. So, the left lung was in this region we have removed the left lung this anterior border of the lung. So, it will be located here. So, imagine you have we have just deflected the left lung from this region. So, whatever structures are seen here will be related on the medial stenal surface of the left lung ok. So, which part of the heart will be this we are moving the medial stenum from the left side this is the left ventricle right. So, left ventricle we can see the impression of the left ventricle here and from the left ventricle we know the ascending aorta rises right which continues as the arch of aorta and continues as the descending thoracic aorta ok. So, so this ascending aorta arch and the descending aorta. So, all these are related here we can see here ascending arch and then the descending aorta ok. And trachea and esophagus they both are also related here and also the nerves which we saw in the right lung, phrenic now vagus now those will also be related here and apart from that left recurrent laryngeal nerve is also related ok. So, for the heart we should remember that left ventricle is related with the left lung right atrium is related with the right lung ok. So, similar things we should be able to show in the dissected specimen of the lung we can see the left sided medial stenal surface we can see a clear cut depression here U shaped inverted U shaped depression this is the arch of aorta and the descending thoracic aorta ok impression for arch and the descending thoracic aorta and esophagus trachea left ventricle is the region of the left ventricle ok. And when we see the anterior border of the left lung it will show a projection in the lower aspect that projection is referred to as the lingula of the left lung ok. It is characteristic only for the left lung because of the presence of the heart there is an extension from the left side of the lung that is the lingula of the lung ok. So, this was all about the structures in the medial stenal relations of the lung. Now, let us understand these two terms root of the lung and hilum of the lung. So, what is the difference between these two terms root is the structures which enter or leave the lung ok and hilum is the site on the lung in which these structures enter or exit ok. I will just clarify it with these descriptions root includes the structures and hilum is the site of entry and exit ok. So, in this image various structures are shown here. So, this is the these structures are the root of the lung ok and in this image only the site on the lung is seen where these structures are entering or exiting. So, this is the hilum of the lung ok. So, this difference one should know and we should also know that which structures are related in the hilum of the right lung and left lung. So, let us see the arrangement of structures of the root of the lung which enters into the hilum. So, for the right sided hilum anterior to posterior in general we can remember as vein artery and bronchus ok in both sides. This is the right sided hilum we are seeing and this is the left sided hilum again we can remember as vein artery and bronchus VAB we can remember from anterior to posterior. So, here is the superior pulmonary vein in the artery and on the posterior aspect there is bronchus. In the right lung there is epaterial as well as high arterial bronchus. In the left lung there is only one single left principal bronchus ok and when we trace the lower aspect of the hilum there is a vein inferior pulmonary vein ok. Inferior pulmonary vein it is just adjacent to a structure called as pulmonary ligament. It is the site where the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura meet and it extends downwards that is the pulmonary ligament ok. It provides a blind space for this inferior pulmonary vein to expand during increased venous return ok. So, to determine the structures in the hilum of the lung from the anterior most aspect the first structure that we encounter is the superior pulmonary vein and the structure which we see on the inferior most aspect is also a vein inferior pulmonary vein ok and the posterior most structure is the bronchus that is how we can easily identify. Let us try to identify in one of the hilum. Let us try to identify the structures in this hilum of the left lung. So, here we can see the anterior most structure which we can see this is the left superior pulmonary vein and the inferior most structure here this is also the left inferior pulmonary vein ok. So, two veins we can see here then the middle part here this is the artery this is the left pulmonary artery and the posterior most structure here we can see this is the left main bronchus ok and then if it is a right lung. So, it will have a bronchus above the pulmonary artery as well ok. So, that is why it is called as epartirial bronchus and high partirial bronchus ok. So, that is how we should be able to identify the various structures in the hilum of the lung and in books bronchial arteries may be written in the hilum. So, but you would not be able to spot it out because bronchial arteries are the arteries with supply the wall of the bronchus ok. So, those will be very thin. So, that cannot be identified as a big structure ok. So, by mistake do not try to identify a big structure as a bronchial artery ok this point you should remember. Now, let us cover the bronchopulmonary segments in the lung it is the most important topic in the lung it is most frequently asked as a short note. So, everyone should be clear with this topic. So, here we can see multiple bronchopulmonary segments let us try to understand it. So, water bronchopulmonary segment it is all characteristic features are important it is a subdivision of the lobe of the lung. It is pyramidal in shape with its apex directed towards the hilum and base is towards the surface of the lung ok. It is a wedge shaped structure like this apex towards the hilum, base towards the outer surface of the lung ok. It is surrounded by a connective tissue it is aerated by a segmental or a tertiary bronchus this is very important. As we know there is a trachea which divides into the right main bronchus and the left main bronchus right. The right bronchus divides into a lobar bronchus in the right lung there are 3 lobes right. So, there will be 3 lobar bronchus and each lobar bronchus when it further divides. So, that division is referred to as segmental bronchus for each of the bronchopulmonary segments. So, it is aerated by a segmental or a tertiary bronchus never write terminal bronchus in place of the tertiary bronchus because these are 2 different things. So, this the word tertiary is very important tertiary or you can simply say that it is a segmental bronchus ok. Each segment has its own artery it is a branch of the pulmonary artery and it has an own lymphatic drainage ok, but veins are intersegmental ok. Veins carry oxygenated blood in lungs. So, that is why it is shown in red color. So, veins are actually intersegmental ok. The blue colored which is shown here it is actually the branch of the pulmonary artery ok. So, in bronchopulmonary segment veins are intersegmental. So, these are well defined anatomical functional and surgical units of the lung. So, it can be surgically resected ok. Now, let us try to label the bronchopulmonary segments of each lung. So, each lung has got 10 bronchopulmonary segments ok. So, this is segment 1 apical then posterior anterior segment 2, 3 then medial lateral then 6 is apical basal then 8, 9, 10. Number 7 is not seen here that is on the medial aspect ok.  So, this is the bronchopulmonary segments of the right lung and this is the bronchopulmonary segments of the left lung. In this instead of medial and lateral there is superior lingular and inferior lingular ok that is one difference as compared to that of the right lung ok. So, it looks very difficult to remember the names. So, let us try to simplify how to remember these bronchopulmonary segments. You can easily remember by remember by this mnemonic apam and amap ok where a refers to the apical. So, these numbers also correspond to the names of the lobes ok. So, this is the apical then posterior anterior then 4 is lateral 5 is medial then apical basal medial basal anterior basal this is the apical. This is the apical basal medial basal is on the medial aspect this is anterior basal lateral basal and posterior basal ok. And for the left lung just replace 4 and 5 by superior lingular and inferior lingular ok. So, lateral and medial if you can just replace it by superior lingular and inferior lingular other segments are same for the left lung ok. This is that is how easily we can remember and just try to draw the diagram according to the lobes ok. In the right lung there are 3 lobes right. So, this is one oblique fissure then there is a horizontal fissure 4 and 5 are in the medial lobe. In the left this region 4 and 5 is replaced by superior lingular and inferior lingular ok. And in the blood anatomy of the broncopulmonary segments aspiration pneumonia in supine position it is more common due to prolonged bed read in patients and segment 6 is the most vulnerable the apical basal segment. So, abscess formation occurs most more frequently here and because of the broncopulmonary segment certain diseases can get localized to one particular segment for example bronchiactasis it gets localized to one segment and if a disease is localized then segmental resection of the lung can be done ok. For example if disease is only in segment 3 so only this part of the lung can be resected out because it is a surgical unit of the lung. So, that is the applied anatomy of broncopulmonary segments ok. Now let us start with the heart. So, here we can see the specimen of the heart. Let us have a brief overview with the images and then I will show you the 3D models of the heart as well. So, here we can see the exterior of the heart viewed from the anterior aspect and this image shows the exterior of the heart viewed from the posterior aspect. Details about the borders and surfaces will cover in the 3D model and in this image we can see the interior of the heart. So, interior of various chambers are shown here. This is the interior of the right atrium. This image shows the interior of the right ventricle. This image shows the interior of the left ventricle and this image shows the interior of the left atrium ok. So, all four chambers interior will be covering and while studying the interior few basic rules we have to remember. So, these are the rules which we need to remember while describing the interior of the heart. Each chamber shows rough part and smooth part ok. The right atrium shows rough anterior part and smooth posterior part. Both ventricles show rough inflowing part and smooth outflowing part and left atrium it is entirely smooth except the region of the left oracle ok. So, whenever we are describing a particular chamber we should remember that it will have some rough part and some smooth part ok. That is how we can begin the description of that particular chamber. So, this is the basic rule we can remember. So, with this basic idea let us look at the 3D models of the heart. So, here we can see the actual dissected specimen of the heart. So, while describing the heart in general we can say that it has four chambers the two atrium and the two ventricles and between the atrium and the ventricle there is atrio-ventricular groove. In between the ventricles there is interventricular groove on the anterior aspect as well as the posterior aspect and there is also an interatrial groove ok. And let us learn about the borders and surfaces of the heart. So, the surface which is seen on the anterior aspect this is the sternocostal surface in relation with the sternum as well as the coastal cartilages right. So, this is the sternocostal surface in the part of the heart which is seen flat here which is resting on the diaphragm. This surface is the diaphragmatic surface of the heart and the surface which is on the left side that is referred to as the left surface of the heart ok. And the apex in the base if we see this pointed part this is the apex of the heart directed towards the left and diagonally opposite the apex this region formed by both the atrium this is the base of the heart ok. Base of the heart is formed mainly by the left atrium ok. It is formed by both the atrium, but majority is formed by the left atrium ok. So, apex, base and surfaces we have covered. Now, let us cover the borders of the heart extending from the superior vena keva to the inferior vena keva. There is the right border of the heart it separates the sternocostal surface from the base of the heart ok. And extending from the inferior vena keva up to the apex of the heart this border here this is the inferior border of the heart. It separates the sternocostal surface from the diaphragmatic surface and extending from the apex of the heart to the left oracle there is left border of the heart. So the left border of the heart separates sternocostal surface from the left surface and there is also an upper border of the heart which is actually obscured by this great vessels pulmonary trunk and aorta. So these three borders at least we can remember the right border separating sternocostal surface from the base of the heart inferior border separating sternocostal surface from the diaphragmatic surface and left border separating sternocostal surface from the left surface. So each border is separating sternocostal surface from one other surface. In general you can remember this. So this was about the external features of the heart and also we can see the coronary arteries here. This is the right coronary artery. This is a branch from the left coronary artery, the anterior interventricular artery and the artery which is seen here that is the left coronary artery that is a branch of left coronary called as the left circumplex artery, details of branches we will see and on the posterior aspect near the posterior interventricular groove that is posterior interventricular artery. Let's see the interior of the heart as well. In this specimen we can see the structures of the interior of the heart. So here we can see this chamber of the heart is the right atrium. This chamber is the right ventricle. This cut part here this is the left ventricle and this chamber here this is the left atrium. Okay. Let's see this region. This is the interior of the right atrium. So what all structures are seen in the interior of the right atrium? It shows rough anterior part and smooth posterior part. So if we just reflect this, we can see some roughness here. So if we just reflect it in its anatomical position, this is actually the rough anterior part. Okay. Rough anterior part is formed by this crista terminalis and musculi pectinate. Okay. Transposed muscle ridges which we can see this is the musculi pectinate and this is the crista terminalis. And behind which there is smooth posterior part. Smooth posterior part shows an oval depression that is called as the fossa ovalis and there is a margin covering it that is referred to as the limbus fossa ovalis. Okay. And there is an opening of a vein inside the right atrium that is the opening of coronary sinus and the two major veins also open here the superior vena keva and the interior vena keva. Okay. And the largest opening seen here is the right atrio ventricular orifice. So all these are the openings in the interior of the right atrium and the location of the conducting system of the heart the SA node is located near the upper part of the crista terminalis near the superior vena keva. And AV node is located in a region which is called as triangle of cox. It is formed by the septal cusp of the tricuspid wall then opening of the coronary sinus and there is an elevated sub-endocardial ridge here. So these three structures from the boundaries of the triangle of cox and the AV node is located there. Okay. So this was about the interior of the right atrium. Let's see the interior of the right ventricle. Right ventricle shows rough inflowing part and smooth outflowing part. Okay. This is the rough inflowing part and both this part are separated by an elevated crest which is called as supra ventricular crest. Okay. And the rough inflowing part is described as trabeculae carnae. Trabeculae carnae includes ridges, bridges and papillary muscles. Okay. Bridges are fixed elevations on the surface of the ventricle. Bridges are fixed at two ends and three in between and pillars are the papillary muscles. Okay. This tall structures which we can see this is the papillary muscles. Okay. Papillary muscles at the apex here there is cordate end in a which go towards the cusps. And here we can see this one example of a bridge. This is referred to as the septomarginal trabeculae which carries the right branch of the AV bundle. Okay. And supra ventricular crest that we discussed that is the example of a ridge and smooth outflowing part this region is referred to as the infundibulum of the right ventricle. Okay. In left ventricle also similar things are there. One difference that we can see is of the papillary muscle. In right ventricle there are three papillary muscles anterior posterior and septal. In left ventricle there is only two papillary muscles. Okay. In left ventricle also there is rough inflowing part, smooth outflowing part. Rough inflowing part is also called as trabeculae carnae. Okay. Similar to that of the right ventricle. And the outflowing part here I told you it is infundibulum of the right ventricle. On the left ventricle it is called as vestibule of the left ventricle. Okay. And let us see the interior of the left atrium. You can see it is entirely smooth except in this region we can see some roughness. So that roughness is caused by this ridge, this part that is the left oracle. Okay. So this is the left atrium. So this was all about the interior of the chambers of the heart. Now let us continue with the coronary arteries. This image also we can see the coronary arteries. This is the right coronary artery arising from the aorta here. And this is the left coronary artery. It is soon dividing into anterior intraventricular artery and left circumflex artery. Okay. This is the left circumflex artery. Here we can see the major branches of the right coronary artery and left coronary artery. On the right coronary artery there is right marginal artery. Here we can see this blood vessel. This one. Right marginal artery. Then posterior intraventricular artery on the posterior aspect and S.A. nodal artery. Okay. These are the main branches of the right coronary artery. The left coronary artery we can see this branch. This is the left anterior descending artery also called as anterior intraventricular artery. Then a branch which goes behind along the intraventricular groove on the left side that is circumflex artery. And diagonal artery it is corresponding to the marginal artery of the right side. Okay. Here we can see right marginal artery. Similar artery seen on the left side it is labeled as diagonal artery. Okay. So these are the vessels which supply the heart. Origin of these vessels are important. Right coronary artery arises from the anterior aortic sinus. Left coronary artery arises from the left posterior aortic sinus. Okay. Right posterior aortic sinus is also referred to as non-coronary sinus. It produces a bulge in the interior of the right atrium. That bulge is referred to as torus aorticus. Okay. In this image we can see both the atrium are removed and we can see the walls of the heart. This is the pulmonary wall, aortic wall, tricuspid wall and bicuspid wall, the mitral wall. Okay. And also we can see the origin of the coronary arteries. This is the right coronary artery, anterior aortic sinus is here and left posterior aortic sinus is here. This is the left coronary artery. We can see it dividing into left anterior descending and this is the left circumflex artery. Okay. And this is the non-coronary sinus. Let us see the venous drainage of the heart. So venous drainage the largest vein which drains the heart is this coronary sinus. Okay. SVC and IVC are also veins, large veins here but they do not drain the heart, they drain the body. Okay. So when we speak about veins draining the heart, the largest vein draining the heart is this coronary sinus and there are many other vessels which open into the coronary sinus and coronary sinus ultimately opens into the right atrium. Okay. And anterior cardiac veins they directly open into the right atrium. Okay. They do not go into the coronary sinus. Okay. So which other veins are opening into the coronary sinus? Here we can see the right marginal vein, then left marginal vein, then middle cardiac vein is on the posterior aspect dotted thing which we can see this is on the posterior aspect and on the anterior aspect here this is great cardiac vein. Okay. So great cardiac vein on the anterior aspect, middle cardiac vein on the posterior aspect. There is also small cardiac vein here. Small cardiac vein, then marginal veins are there, right left, then there is an oblique vein called as oblique vein of marshal. Also there is one more vein which is not shown in this image, there is posterior vein of the left ventricle. Okay. So almost all veins they open into the coronary sinus and coronary sinus ultimately opens into the right atrium. Right. And only this anterior cardiac veins they directly open into the right atrium. Okay. Now let us cover the applied anatomy of the heart. So angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, we should know the difference between these two. Angina pectoris means there is an atherometous plague in the interior of the vessel and there is ischemia because of this. Okay. And whereas myocardial infarction means the vessel is completely blocked. So the heart attack which is commonly referred, also referred to as myocardial infarction which the vessel is completely blocked. Okay. And in angina pectoris, the vessel is partially obstructed. So this is one difference we should know between angina and myocardial infarction. So angina pectoris, it then occurs on exertion. Okay. Whenever there is increased exertion or the person walks for too far. So, so that causes difficulty and myocardial infarction may occur suddenly. Okay. So suddenly something may come and block the blood vessel and it may lead to myocardial infarction. Then so if this occurs myocardial infarction, so there are corrective measures which are include which are called as coronary bypass surgery or angioplasty. bypass surgery means for example, there is a block here, a vessel is bypassed from the main trunk. Okay. The main trunk is ascending out from there itself, a vessel may be bypassed to the part of the heart distilled to the block. Okay. That is referred to as bypass and angioplasty means for example, there is a block here. So a stent will be passed here, this block will be removed and the stent will be placed here permanently like this. Okay. And the blood will be able to flow through the stent that is referred to as angioplasty. Okay. So we should know the difference between bypass surgery and angioplasty. Okay. Then valvular stenosis, so there are multiple valves right, tricuspid, bicuspid then the semilunar valves. So those valves may get stenosed like mitral stenosis or tricuspid stenosis and their respective symptoms may be according to that. Okay. So let us summarize what we have covered in this particular session. We covered the external features of the lung, then how to determine the side of the lung by three dimensions. Then I covered various relations of the lung, then hyalum of the lung, the various structures forming that difference between the hyalum and the root of the lung, then we covered the bronchopulmonary segments with it supplied anatomy. And in heart we learnt about the exterior, interior, the artery supplying it, the veins draining the heart and lastly the applied anatomy. Okay. So for PDF handout of this particular session you all can WhatsApp me at this number and please do watch other sessions of this YouTube channel. Okay. Thank you. Thank you.


and welcome to the Creative Life, a collaborative production between the American Creativity Association, Austin Global and Big Tech, Hawaii. I'm your host, Darlene Boyd, and co-hosting with me is Kelly Oto, CEO and founder of Unitist International and an Educational Consultant. Kelly and our guest, Kamiko Maher, Executive Director of Japanese American Memorial Code Images, and Judge Len Yabunno, all are descendants of camp internees. We anticipate this being a two-part show with part one focusing on camp pilgrimages and their importance in keeping the history of Japanese internment alive. You're all descendants and could we just start out by you telling me what your relationship was to the descendant? My father and my grandfather and grandmother and their children were interned. My grandfather was considered a community leader so he was actually parted away to jail separated from the rest of the family. But my grandparents and my father and his siblings were interned. Thank you. And Kamiko? Well actually Kelly, I didn't know that about your grandfather. My great grandfather was also taken by the FBI but he was not a community leader, he was just a farmer. But my grandparents and my mom uncle aunt, they were all incarcerated in Topaz, Utah. And Glenn? Both sets of grandparents as well as both my mother and father and their siblings were incarcerated. My mom's family was in Kila, Arizona, and my dad's family was taken to Jerome, Arkansas. So today we've decided to talk about the pilgrimages and certainly it's not something that I suspect many of our viewers may or may not be familiar with that whole process. And in our dialogue and preparation for the show certainly growing up my parents had mentioned and talked about the camps as did people in the neighborhood. But never with the intimacy that I've learned from each of you. Of course I was on the east coast and it was quite California internment camps seemed so far away. Since then I've crossed paths with some folks around here that may not be descendants but they've talked about living across the street, for example, from Santa Anita and looking at people at the fence, children their age. So I think we have a lot to share today and I appreciate that you've chosen to talk today in part one about pilgrimages. So Kamiko, since that's your specialty, start us off. Why pilgrimages and why do you feel that's a priority for us today? Yeah, I've been lucky enough to be able to attend pilgrimages. There were 10 sites in the continental United States and that is where I've attended pilgrimages to most of them. I've been able to visit all of them. But I didn't know what pilgrimage was until probably seven, eight years ago when I was invited to go to my first one. I had no idea what it even was. But I said sure. So I ended up attending the Mididoka pilgrimage which is in Idaho and that was life-changing for me because I grew up in Missouri so I didn't grow up around any other Asian Americans, let alone Japanese Americans. And when I was just surrounded in a community full of people who looked like me, had similar stories of me, looked like my grandma, grandpa, there was just a different feeling like my body almost could just relax a little bit. It sounds a little hippie-dippy but I just felt safe in a safe space. And so I decided that I wanted to attend all of these and the camp that Glenn's family was in Jerome, I actually ended up doing a pilgrimage in 2018, the first one that I put on myself to the two camps that were in Arkansas. And I don't have a direct connection to those camps but I saw that there wasn't any regular event there and I wanted to, I wanted people from those two camps to be able to experience what I experienced at Mididoka. And so then Glenn, I think you came on the 2019 one on the second one and that's how Glenn and I met. What can a participant expect to experience if they should sign up for a tour, a pilgrimage? I slipped in there saying tour because it's not a tour, pilgrimage, there's history involved, there's faith involved. So what can one expect? I'll leave that to Glenn. Glenn, you were an actual pilgrim, you tell us what you experienced. Sure. I think the main benefit and what you'll experience is meeting so many other people. There were a number of former internees that were still with us and able to attend the pilgrimages. Most of them were younger children when they were in the camps. As far as Jerome and Moore, there's not a lot left of the camps themselves but it does give you an idea of the environment where my parents were, what it was like out there and there is a museum. And at the museum I was fortunate enough to find newsletters where my father was listed as the camp optometrist. There was a yearbook where my aunt was attending high school there so I think it's the connections that you make. You get information about the history of the area and the history of that particular camp but you make the connections with those that were there and their family members and I think that's invaluable. It seems to me that it would be certainly invaluable. How much in your life growing up, any one of you can answer this of course or perhaps all of you would want to share. How much did your parents or family share about this? Was it something that they they chose not to? And if so, what was what do you think their reasons are perhaps you would only be speculating at this point? Kelly, what do you think? My family was in Pila River, Arizona and I remember as a child my dad took us, me and my sister to see the camp and there was just barbed wire left and just some holes on the ground and cement and wire sticking up and maybe remnants of wood barracks but it was very rioted cement but because we were so young he was actually an older, he was in his 20s when he was interned so he was old enough to understand what was happening. He pointed to a hole on the ground he said that's where we used to play poker because you're talking to two young little girls not understanding what this is really all about but it was impactful because you start to realize parents, grandparents didn't speak about internment because in in our culture I think we talked very much about being stoic, being strong, you persevere, you work hard. I remember my grandmother always told me just work hard, study hard and you will succeed and so you didn't talk about the internment camp and that is really unfortunate because now at my stage in age I look back and I think what a terrible injustice I would do that right in this day and age but they did and you see those photos of folks being rounded up behind barbed wires and some of the photos of kids with smiles on there it's, Timiko you mentioned the fact that these were actually not doctored photos but right you're supposed to smile and take propaganda propaganda. Can you speak a little bit more about that as well? Well actually so I if you could bring up the photo number one this is a picture of this is not a propaganda photo which is why everybody's frowning but that is my grandmother she's holding my aunt and she's my mom is holding her hand and then my uncle is to her side so I think if you were to see the government photos they're typically a little bit more smiley and they're doing something they like children might be playing in a sandbox or the men might be you know golfing or doing something that seems like oh this was fine it was like a resort whereas some of the I'm very lucky to be able to have actual family photos because cameras were not originally allowed into the camp but to see kind of the real faces the faces that I know these are the faces that I see and so it really and also just looking at how young my grandmother was I think she was only in her mid 20s and had three children and was put you know in a horse stall in the beginning it it just strikes a different tone than some of the more smiley photographs you know Ansel Adams took photographs Dorothea Lange took photographs I mean there were very famous photographers that photographed the camps and even some of their photos were impounded because they didn't look happy enough or I think they were not supposed to shoot barbed wire in the in their images and Dorothea Lange did sometimes and they did not you know release those photos you can see them now but you you weren't able to see them then so they were trying to make it look like it was not that big of a deal for folks that everybody was having a good time where were the camps located approximately and how many of them were and how many people were in church there were correct me if I'm wrong chemical 10 camps they were located in Minidoka, Idaho, Jerome and Roar, Arkansas, Fila, Arizona, Topaz, Utah, Park Mountain, Wyoming. I know there was one in Tule Lake in California there was one in Manzanar in California and I know I missed something there Kimiko but there were approximately a Poston in Arizona and Amachi in Colorado thank you Poston so there were two in Arizona that Amachi in Colorado approximately 122,000 plus were interned primarily West Coast Japanese Americans in those variety of camps some closed earlier than others Jerome and Roar were two of them and those who remain who were not released early for various reasons front pretty much went to Hila where my grandparents on my mother's side were interned throughout the entire my dad ended up in Hila and never knew my mom's parents or my mom at that time they met afterwards Kimiko what can you tell us about the or perhaps you also learn about the process how people taken away how much notice were they given I'm sure it was shocking pleasant and not pleasant and probably very frightening and families I read have been were not connected together so someone might lose part not their children may not be with them so tell us a little bit about that Kimiko well I think for the most part people were given about a week's notice they knew that something was happening but what the government did is they separated the different areas along the West Coast into zones that they would announce like in the newspaper a week before or they would put up signs you know to all persons of Japanese ancestry they would nail signs up around town to say you know if you live and they would give the streets and you know between the this area you have to report to this place by and it's usually was a week and and that's kind of where Darlene when you mentioned the only what we could carry that that they were told they were given the list of things that they should bring and things that they should not bring and obviously any kind of radios photo you know cameras things like that were not allowed weapons obviously and animals so you know there's a lot of heartbreaking stories of people who had to leave their pets behind or some of them killed their pets you know rather than I I know I don't want to I don't want to be too much of a downer but you know there there is a lot of trauma with that not just with like material losses but also family pets and and one of the other things that that happened that that um with darts so with with Kelly's grandfather my great grandfather being taken by the FBI that usually happened um way before the families had to go they would be picked up no notice my mom's cousins remember that you know these FBI men came and they kind of went through the house they looked for weapons apparently they found a gun in the house and my mom's cousin was like we didn't have a gun so I don't know where that came from um and then he you know they were taken and the so the heads of the households for a lot of people were taken and I think that just made it a lot easier for the the families to be more compliant because you have you might have a mother with small children and the head of the household is gone and they don't know where they where he is so there's a lot of things that were kind of put into place beforehand to make it easier for for people to be compliant take us back to to the the concept of pilgrimage is what can what can one expect to experience if one decides to take a pilgrimage and once again how typically how many people will be at a particular pilgrimage with the ferry or how many can be accommodated it's totally dependent on the site so each one of the sites has their own group that puts on the pilgrimage and so they each have their own personality dependent on the group that is doing it and pilgrimages uh can be different so like the largest one would be in manzanar that pilgrimage is an afternoon um and there can be thousands of people there whereas uh the pilgrimage that I did that glenn came on I think I had a little over 100 people there and it was three and a half days so it's just it really just depends on the the people that are putting on the pilgrimage I I happen to like the ones that are over multiple days because I feel like people get to know each other they have breakfast together they see each other in the hallway or in the elevator or they even go sightseeing together and I just feel like that is a benefit about having the multi-day so those are the ones that I I like and those are the ones that I I put on but there are different varieties for sure when you mentioned the multi-days then the pilgrims would stay in a hotel yeah come together for meals at the campsite typically we don't do that much at the site itself and and as glenn had said before there's really nothing left of the two camps that are in arkansas some of the other camps are national park service sites so they have a little bit more infrastructure but I feel like the and glenn maybe you can speak to this but I I feel like the power of the site is just physically being there you don't have to even really be able to see things or tour things I I feel like there's you know a sense of the ancestors being there of the people who have passed there with you and and so it's just a very emotional moment I think or especially not just if your family was in that specific camp but especially if it is you know I know when I was able to visit the site where my family was at I it's out in the middle of nowhere in the desert in Utah and I just burst into tears didn't know where it came from it just bubbled up and I just kept thinking of my grandparents being there and just burst into tears but also I think the power of pilgrimage is not just a place which is super important it's also the community and being able to share stories since most of us didn't grow up with any really detailed stories about camp life that's almost how we learn is just by sharing other stories of funny things you know where they used to a hole they used to play poker in or the fence that the kids used to crawl through and put soda pop for the locals to swap out you know all of those types of things you know you don't hear they're not in books you only get them from from sharing the stories with each other are there sufficient numbers of survivors that are committed to share the story that participate in the program so that can the attendees encounter a conversation with anyone that is a survivor is that arranged yes I mean we definitely try to get elders to to come but as was mentioned before the ones who are like my mother was two in camp she's 83 now so and she's considered a young one we had a we had a gentleman come to our Arkansas pilgrimage last year who was almost 102 and that was a real treat and a treasure and and that's why I think it's really important that folks go on these pilgrimages now because there is not going to be five more years of having survivors there you know I don't want to be morbid but you have to consider that you know these stories will be lost if you are if you aren't able to go and ask questions of the survivors and the ones who come they are definitely willing to talk and share their stories and and they're treated like rock stars you know people just fawn over them and it's it's wonderful to be able to see the elders get that kind of attention from young people that just want to you know go up and take pictures with them and talk and ask questions that you know that feels good for me and you use the word treasure and I know you have a photo of two little darling treasures perhaps we could call that photo I think that's the number two so that's my mom and my aunt and their faces look exactly the same they make that same frowny face but this is one of my favorite photos because it's you know I don't know it's not posed it they're very serious they're they're frowning my aunt's diapers falling down you know like it's just kind of like feels like a real photo and I I like that one and I'm very lucky that both of them are still around so it is one of my favorite photos of you and I'm curious darling how Glenn why did you choose to go on a pilgrimage and what was the impact that it had on you well I chose I specifically chose the one Kimiko had in 2019 because it was going back to Jerome and Roar for my dad and his family work so I wanted to see what it was like to be in that particular area because imagine coming from Southern well Central California is where they were Central California to Arkansas to live and literally you know you were put in trains and trained out there with basically all all you had was a couple suitcases and so you know it was important to you know just see the area and then to speak to some people who were there to see what camp life was like so you know that's why I particularly chose the Jerome Roar but I think it's important for any pilgrimage because you have a chance to meet the internees you have a chance based on some of the educational opportunities to learn something about the history of the incarceration you know learning from the mistakes so to speak fortunately at that one we also had an exhibit from the Japanese American National Museum of artwork and candy work that some of their survivors have done chairs birds pictures cardings to see you know what was done in camp during by some people during the incarceration so it gave you a full sense of the history of that particular time I believe you have another photo before we need to close here for this session part one but you oh there it is so that's that's my extended family my great grandmother is the one that's grabbing my bratty mother who's trying to run out of the photo and she actually had 19 children no twins yeah only about nine of them live to adulthood but all of them were in that camp so they were all in topaz together and that's a lot of the brothers and their wives at the time and then some of the younger brothers were in high school in camp so they range from my grandpa was the oldest in his mid 20s and then they had high school aged brothers there too so yeah I know I that's a whole other half hour about my great grandma my great grandma 19 children um but yeah that that's just a it's another again family photo to see that they they you know a lot of families were allowed to stay together um there were certain reasons why families did get split and also just if you if you didn't live near your family if you went to Central California or you went to Southern California or Washington you would be in a completely different camp than your parents like if you were an adult child that you know moved up to Sacramento from LA you would not be in the same camp as your as your family so that probably was really rough I have a the next question I have for all of you is and um it's one that I have for all of you and I think I know the answer to this if if one is not of Asian descent is it beneficial for one to attend I think so absolutely I believe it's very important because it's an important part of history plus it gives you interpersonal perspectives and understanding of the climate back then during the Second World War and I think no matter what race it's it would be beneficial to attend one of these pilgrims I don't want to necessarily get hung up on the 19 children but one family alone with 19 children wow so our plans for part two for our viewers to understand there's quite a lot to be said and related to Hawaii and Nico has mentioned that that she'll be helping us with those vignettes and so that is that is our plan for part two so we look forward to bringing this team back together and in the meantime I'm very grateful there's a lot to be found and to read about internment camps for those of you who are watching this and have not even thought about them and it's it's very moving and it's very revealing and it's also wanting to think that perhaps we being those of us that are are not of Asian descent pass them off sometimes because life seemed like it was going on in a normal pace as you said they tend high school in some cases and other solutions some folks met in the camp and married but life wasn't so great either when they came back and we'll talk a little bit about that for next time so in the meantime you've been watching the creative life on think tech Hawaii today we have been discussing the importance of keeping history alive related to Japanese and and pilgrimages we invite you to join us again in a few weeks for part two in the meantime thank you for joining us and aloha


This is TFNN, The Tiger, Financial News Network, News Update. Everyone, Basel Chapman here and this is the Tiger Financial News Network, 10 AM market update on this Wednesday, the 20th of April, it has about 191 points of 35,100. Finally broke that pattern. Remember we were talking about it? I say there's a really important pattern. Let me just see if I can get that I had it already and then I forgot to put it on. Yep, this particular pattern right here, where you rally right up and then you stall and you make lower highs or much lower lows, then you find a base and you find that base and it turns into a potential cup formation as it breaks that trend line and goes one to one to the upside. Well, we've got something like that now the day is young, we're not even 32 minutes into the market session of the day. We're looking at the Dow now making 34,970 is key support in the short term. This is really nice action we're looking at. The S&P as I mentioned yesterday is a similar pattern but not nearly as strong and it's really struggling. It's up 70 cents and 44.62. Now the theory has always been for me that we especially when we used to have I think it was three generals in the Dow, general general foods, general electric and general motors. And I used to always say the generals can't lead without the soldiers. I think we're finding with the Ukraine that in fact the soldiers can lead as well. But now you've got the Dow as a leader and you're not getting those soldiers. So this is a very different thing we have to analyze in a different way. Leadership here is very selective. You can see that the queues being smashed by Netflix is 100 points or something like that. Slide, waterfall cascade actually is not a slide. The queues are down three and a half or 342. What's really interesting is the IWM which is the Russell 2000 small caps is trying to find some support here. It become a little bit of a leader while maybe the Nasdaq needs a little more time to come and digest these huge losses that many have had. I don't know. We'll see the IWM is up a little bit. But most importantly we're looking at gold taking a bit of a breather that is down seven. As I said, it's in a range. It's not breaking down. It's just taking a breather. That's important. Same thing with Crudall. Crudall is unchanged today at about 102. Same thing. But the TLT, we're going to talk about that when I get back with my target, this is the moment that the TLT has to rally and yields need to come down at least for the short term. One.