Hi, my name's Lisa Peterson, Extension Beef Quality Assurance Specialist of North Dakota State University's Extension Service. Today I'm going to talk with you about how you can implement good sound beef quality assurance practices and your background in operations. Background in the operations is very similar to the one that you're seeing here today. Today we are working with the set of calves that have been weaned for about a month. They've been on feed. They need to be revaccinated. They need to be boosted. And so the first thing that we need to do when handling cattle is remember to handle them nice and quiet. Feed yards often report that the toughest thing that they have is getting cattle out of the pen. And so we'll try to show today how to get this set of calves, this small set of calves, out of a pen quietly and easily. The first thing we have to remember when handling cattle are there are some rules or some good care and handling practices and behavior principles that we should follow. The first of these is that cattle want to see you. And cattle also want to go around you. And cattle will also want to be with and will follow other cattle. And so we should use these to help us better handle our cattle while remembering that cattle can only think of one thing at one time. In that regards they're very similar to humans. Some general handling practices is that if we move against cattle they'll typically walk away. However, if we move up towards the head of cattle they'll typically stop. So we'll try to move this set of cattle out of this holding pen into an alley as they prepare to be boosted or revaccinated. And we have this set of calves started to move. It's always said that you should count the calves out of the pen so that they don't turn back like this back here. We're getting ready to load these calves into a crowding tub and then move them through a single file alley facility into a shoot system. One of the things that we need to talk about with facilities is that they don't need to be expensive. They don't need to be fancy. They just need to be safe and work well for your operation. At this operation they have a crowding tub and then a rounded single file alley system that moves into a set of shoots. At this particular operation this works well for them. They have it so that handles very easily calves, like yearling type cattle, cows, and then older bulls. We'll try to move these calves into this tub system. One of the things that we need to talk about with both butt boxes and crowding tubs is a major mistake that occurs and the reason why cattle often don't work well in these situations is that these tubs and crowding tubs and butt boxes are often overcrowded. This tub the owner tells me works best to load about six head of calves in. He says that when members of this operation try to overload it, put 10-12 calves in. It gets so tight the cattle can't move and see the opening into the single file alley. So we'll try to put about six or eight calves into this tub and see how they work. The calf is up to move into this single file. That's typically about their eye or their ear so you need to walk clear wide and then walk back up against them to keep them moving forward. We now have our calf moved into our hydraulic chute. He is ready to be vaccinated, poor, or treated, whatever we would need to do with him. This brings an ideal time to talk about maintenance and pressure of hydraulic chutes. It is important that our hydraulic chutes maintain an ideal pressure. One that is not too high, one that is not too low for cattle in workers safety. Today's hydraulic chutes come from the manufacturer with ideal pressure set. While they maintain this ideal pressure better than the older models of hydraulic chutes, it is still important that we check these pressures occasionally prior to working animals. In review, we have talked about some beef quality assurance practices that can make cattle handling easier, more efficient, and safer on your operations. Producers should handle cattle quietly and easily using sound beef quality assurance practices. Those include four basic cattle behavior principles. First, cattle want to see you. Second, cattle want to go around you. Third, cattle want to be with and will go with other cattle. And finally, cattle, like humans, can only think of one thing at a time. Next, remember to assure worker and livestock safety. Be sure the pressure on your hydraulic chute is set at the ideal level identified by the chutes manufacturer. And the best way to become better at handling and working catalyst practice often. For more information on sound and safe cattle handling and cattle facility design, contact Lisa Peterson, the North Dakota State University Extension Beef Quality Assurance Specialist, or your local NDSU County Extension Agent. The North Dakota Beef Quality Assurance Program is jointly funded by the NDSU Extension Service and the North Dakota Beef Commission.


The current war in Ukraine has brought up many questions about the invading power Russia. In a world where countries are expected to be diplomatic in disputes, Russia has taken out its internal frustrations of population decline, low cultural morale, and weak geography on another country through brute force. This isn't even the first time they have subverted the US-led global order in this way, invading Georgia in 2008 and seizing Crimea in 2014. The US-led global order, as a rule with many exceptions, seems to function as a collection of many countries subject to American soft power. Russia truly fails to achieve this global level of soft power, always resulting to coercion to achieve its goals. But why does Russia fail in soft power, especially in comparison to the US and other nations? Welcome to today's episode of Max World Politics Report. Before we can answer this video's main question, the definition of soft power must be understood. Soft power refers to actions countries will take to influence others through diplomatic means, usually by appealing and attracting. Many countries in Eastern Europe became influenced by American soft power after the Cold War. Due to their desire for free market economies and democratic government, something the US could help them achieve. By joining NATO, the quintessential organization of American soft power, these countries also received military aid from the US. Soft power can also be achieved by appealing to cultural ties, such as the relationship between Turkey and its partners Azerbaijan and Albania. Though not the best example today, Turkey has put tons of investment into spreading its soft power across its neighborhood, so we may start to see the fruits of these efforts bloom in the next few decades. Russia, on the other hand, does not put this effort into soft power exports. While the US and Turkey are examples of countries that prefer soft power but often use brute force to achieve their goals, Russia is the reverse, prioritizing hard power over its partners rather than negotiating with them. In other words, Russia does a good job of telling its partners who is boss as it tries to hold the pieces of the former Soviet Union together. In this light, let's see a few of their organizations that attempt to do this. The Alma Ata Accords, signed on December 8th, 1991, signified the end of the Soviet Union and the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The organization's members aimed to continue working together in areas of trade, security and military coordination, though this last one is not as pronounced. 12 of the 15 former Soviet republics initially decided to participate, though the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania declined membership due to their view of Russia as an occupying force. Russia's military actions in Georgia and Ukraine have caused both countries to leave in 2008 and 2014 respectively. The CIS lays the framework for a few different alliance structures in the post-Soviet space, such as the CIS Free Trade Area and others which will be explained soon. Russia is very involved in the affairs of nations in the CIS, often intervening in local conflicts to keep its regional order intact. To this end, Russia has been involved in the Tajikistani Civil War, the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, and most recently, the 2022 unrest in Kazakhstan, never being afraid to use its military and allies' militaries to restore stability. However, Russia cannot seem to keep the CIS member states united under a single front. From its own invasions of former members Ukraine and Georgia, to constant fighting between Armenia and Azerbaijan, to recent border clashes between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, and numerous diplomatic rows with even its closest allies, Russia struggles greatly to hold on to the pieces that once made up its empire. But can Russia at least keep a smaller group of allies in line with its aspirations, without constant military intervention? Russia's main military alliance, and the true successor to the Warsaw Pact, is the Collective Security Treaty Organization. The alliance initially consisted of Russia, Belarus, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, coming into effect in 1994, initially as the Tashkent Treaty. Yet, an alliance of these diverse members could not really survive, due to the infighting between many of them. Georgia and Azerbaijan left in 1999 due to disputes with Russia and Armenia respectively, and Uzbekistan left in the same year, while joining and leaving again in 2006 and 2012. Thus the alliance is today left with six members, who for the most part have a much easier time conforming to Russian dominance. The CSTO, in a way, functions very similarly to NATO in the West, serving as a collective defense treaty for the six nations involved. Unlike NATO, where the dominant force of the United States shares at least some balance of power with significant regional powers like Turkey and France, the CSTO is a completely Russian-dominated alliance. Russia is geographically central to the alliance, its technology and military prowess far exceed those of its allies, and the relatively weak and landlocked nature of the lesser allies keeps them tied to Russia for economic and military support. The CSTO, in Russian-led coalitions, has been the driving force behind keeping the status quo in the post-Soviet space. Most recently, quelling rebellions against the governments in Kazakhstan in January. Russia is able to keep most of the countries in its line in other ways, too. The Eurasian Economic Union, the Russian equivalent of the EU, was founded in 2015, and today includes all CSTO members except Tajikistan. It serves as an integrated single market for the five nations, and attempts to work towards Eurasian integration in other manners, such as a single currency and freedom of movements for goods and services. Belarus's relation to Russia goes a step further and includes the freedom of movement for people, and with other common integration policies, the two nations form the Union State. In all of these unions, Russia is undoubtedly the central force behind them, and member states must either fall in line or face consequences as Ukraine and Georgia certainly have or Moldova has to a degree. This brings up a major issue with Russian foreign policy, the line between their use of soft power or brute force is very vague, and their alliance structures serve as a veil of mutual cooperation over the truth of great coercion. Russia has strings attached to nearly all of its allies. If Armenia should not fall in line with Russian aspirations, they could easily allow Azerbaijan and Turkey to have their way with the country. If Belarus seeks a more independent foreign policy against Russian interests, they can simply annex the country into Russia proper. If Central Asia wishes to break free from Russian dominance, Russia can cut off supplies to these nations and let them fall into instability. It sounds shocking to hear, but it has happened to three countries already since the fall of the Soviet Union, not to mention all of the times the Soviet Union invaded an ally to keep its status quo. In Soviet times, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary were invaded to quell anti-Soviet rebellions, and the USSR planned an invasion of former ally Yugoslavia due to sharp tensions between leaders Stalin and Tito. This historical precedent lives on today. Russia's so-called allies cannot create a truly independent foreign policy without fear of backlash from Russia. The three nations that did so, Ukraine, Georgia, and Moldova, now have their foreign policy mangled by disputed territories and unresolved conflicts, hindering their western aspirations. My tone so far may sound as if Russia has an option to be diplomatic, and just chooses to be aggressive out of spite for its neighbors. However, Russia's geography and history have shaped it into a generally aggressive country with little practical use for diplomacy. And no, this is not condoning Russia's actions in Ukraine or in other countries, this is just explaining how Russia's history has made it into the country it is today. Russia's independent history began under the wrath of the Mongol invaders, who stayed in Russian lands a century longer than in other regions in Europe, forever changing their trajectory. This period of occupation and the realization that they need strong frontiers to protect themselves from future invasions played a role in making Russia the aggressive nation it is today. Their expansion into Siberia in the 16th and 17th century, crushing the nomadic peoples who once occupied them, gave the Russian heartland a huge advantage, which would no longer see invasions from the east. Russia's expansion westward into Eastern Europe in the 18th century further protected the heartland, making swift invasions from the European plain from countries like Poland much more difficult. Their most recent acquisitions in the 19th century were in the Caucasus and Central Asia, giving them a mountainous border on both frontiers. Russia's geography at this time was optimal for the most part, as with stable borders on all sides, they could become a stable and prosperous land power. None of this could be done with diplomacy, and Russia knew this. Yet, the collapse of the Soviet Union left Russia open on many sides, with long and flat borders in the areas closest to the heartland. Russia was at its most vulnerable, and the only way they could continue their global position is by holding on, in one way or another, to those lands that kept them powerful. Today, Russia finds it very difficult to use diplomacy for getting its neighbors to cooperate, and besides stability, Russia has very little to offer its former subjects. Most of the former republics in Eastern Europe have aspired, and in some cases succeeded to join the West as protection from Russia. Their time under Russian rule was not seen positively, and the somewhat more diplomatic nature of the West was much preferred. Yet, the big reason I would say why very few nations would want to become part of the Russian sphere today has to do mostly with demographics, and Russia's declining potential. The nation has been struggling with population decline and low birth rates for a few decades now, and the share of young people in the country to keep it running is at a record low. Russia needs to integrate the younger populations of Central Asia and its sphere to keep its machine running, as well as to protect its heartland. Without such force from Russia, the Central Asian nations would be better served compelling the growing Muslim populations of the Volga and Caucasus to break free from Russian rule. If Russia has any chance of surviving as a great power into the end of the 21st century, a proposition I see is very unlikely. It needs to integrate its neighbors into its sphere and create unity amongst its diverse people. As we have learned, countries with great insecurities in demography, geography, and economy like Russia will often have to establish themselves in the battlefield rather than the courtroom, as nations never easily give up sovereignty through diplomacy. Russia needs some of these countries to give up their sovereignty for its own survival, something it has learned throughout its history. Thank you for watching today's episode. If you like my work, please consider supporting me on Patreon to obtain access to exclusive maps and future updates. Tell me in the comments what you want to see next, and I will see you then.


Oh, but they're only animals. I don't think they even feel pain or anything, but animals are inferior to us Yeah, why do you buy it you eat animals you support it too with your money? I'm always asking people to oppose You know the slaughter of animals, but we thought maybe if I actually promote Gas chambers we'd see if we can get people to oppose it by a virtue of reverse psychology kind of thing so Got a petition here Which says our petition to stop vegans from shutting down gas chambers We're gonna see if we can get anyone to sign up or to look at the footage and go what do you mean? That's crazy. We should be opposing gas chambers not supporting them I'm gonna sign our petition. I know we're actually promoting the way we're killing him We're trying to support the gas chambers because we are the vegans are trying to shut it down Are you against are you against a meat industry?  Oh, but They're only animals. I don't think they even feel pain or anything they do But animals are inferior to us in the gas chamber. Yeah, but It's the circle of life It's natural Yeah, so anyway, we're trying to get a petition to keep the gas chambers operating But they operate in Australia all around Australia if you're eating bacon, they come out of gas chambers You already support it because our industry only exists because you pay for it. Yeah, if you don't like it You you you can I wouldn't want to get shot in the head either though A lot of people get murdered. They don't know but it's still murder, isn't it? It's not fair. It's not a good way All right, so one person opposed to gas chambers. I'm trying to promote them Hello Trying to get people to sign a petition to keep gas chambers open This is where most of the bacon comes from this is Australian footage You don't support the bacon industry No, she walked away too quick to us. She must not support the bacon industry then that's a win. I'd say Maybe she did at one stage, but now she definitely doesn't Hey, brother Yeah, this is to support gas chambers.  We're trying to keep them in keep them going Why do you buy bacon and that Don't eat pork because of the way it's Okay, what about chickens and all that we gas chamber chickens as well and yeah I know not for long now we they don't panic for long that's for sure, but thanks for supporting us anyway No worries buddy. Hey, buddy. Just take this This is a Social experiment to get people to think about the animals they Eat He comes straight up to sign it opposed to the gas chambers and I said no we're in support of it I was like do you eat pork?  We gas chamber them too Yeah, but they don't struggle like not for long but like it's like I didn't really want to support it. Did he? Funding the abuse of animals anyway, you know glad I gave him a pamphlet this guy Sign our petition. Yeah, we're from the humane slaughter of association We're trying to vegans are trying to get these gas chambers shut down, but we want to keep them open Yeah, but we're trying to get people to sign the petition so that the gas chambers keep operating like this Yeah, we're from the humane slaughter association Animals are for food Well, if the vegans are trying to get them shut them shut down because they're they think eating animals is cruel And they everyone should be vegan because they don't like animal abuse But if they shut us down then no one gets bacon and we farmers will lose their jobs We'll have to find another job painting or be an electrician or something You don't want to sign it.  Oh, we we gas chamber chickens as well in Australia We slaughter chickens really horrifically in Australia too, but we don't think chickens matter.  Do you care about animals? You should be vegan Reverse psychology worked well on her then hey, she's like I want to support that Okay, well you eat chickens, okay? It's not only the method that they're killed. It's the fact that they're exploited and murdered, okay? It's the fact that they're being used for human benefit. They don't need to be Many change a method. It's still wrong like, you know, that's the idea. It's not humane to rob someone's life from them Animals want to live they have an experience a conscious experience. It's an injustice to rob that from them for a sandwich Grave injustice humane slaughter is about as real as unicorns. It's just fabrication Okay, you're allowed to take photos We're from the humane slaughter association. We're trying to get people to help support our gas chambers here Yeah, though of pigs for bacon You don't eat pigs Well, this is where they come from the vegans are trying to shut us down We're trying to get people to sign a petition to keep these open Yeah, that's these They only suffer and for a little while They scream a bit, but it's the food chain Yeah, so you help support us most pigs here in Australia a gas chamber So if you buy a bacon and pork you're supporting our foundation anyway to gas chamber pigs But if you are against animals being abused and killed you can look at that as well The only person who has signed this Is Barry And that's just my imaginary friend though. I thought Barry and his gmail is a baza at gmail Sound like someone who would you know some a pharma type name Sorry to any vegan barries out there by the way but uh, yeah Hello, would you like to sign a petition to support the bacon industry? Oh really? Oh, we we slaughter the dairy cows too It's like same association. You don't want to support slaughterhouses, you know All right.  What do you think's harder? Do you like soy milk or oatley? oat milk Vegan cheese. Do you like any of those? Oh, there's other ways to get cows in green vegetables I don't have much in them. No broccoli doesn't? Yeah, I don't think dairy has a positive association with bone health. Anyway more The countries that consume more dairy have more osteoporosis, so No, that's true I mean, but do you think uh, like just you could get a cow you could get cows in from somewhere else though Like a supplement or something like this Because you think about the cow getting slaughtered I'd rather a supplement than a cow being slaughtered Form it for dairy because they exploit it for six years have the calves taken the bobby calves are all killed the male calves But you support it So you support the slaughter of the because without your money this these industries they don't exist, do they? Yeah, like you wouldn't subsidize some other horrible industry if they're abusing children or human beings But yeah, but just when when we buy I used to buy dairy for 25 years as well. Well, sorry Oh, sorry But I used to eat dairy for 26 years and meet but I didn't want to subsidize the industry anymore so Trying to get people to sign petitions to support gas chambers that's why we wait you support gas chambers Yeah, that's what it said.  Yeah, you support it too with your money. Thanks. Thanks for that I wouldn't pay for gas chambers.  Yeah, or live Well, I'm doing a social experiment to see if people will actually support gas chambers Seeing as they go in the store and they support horrible treatment of animals anyway egg industry Gas gas the hens when they don't produce eggs. So we're signing to support it? It was a social experiment. It's a social experiment Signing petitions does nothing. You know what you should do if you care about animals.  I eat vegan burgers, I uh rice pasta, vegan meatballs Vegan subway vegan anything vegan ice cream. What do you mean? I hardly ever eat just vegetables Vegan just means you're against animal abuse by the way in your actions It's a philosophy veganism is a philosophy against the cruelty and exploitation of animals Vegetarianism is animal abuse diet But if you care like as much as you did to sign a petition Just think every time you pay someone Every time you buy eggs To keep gassing in Yeah, but I was trying to get people to come up and say yeah, I want to sign to stop this Yeah, people said I want to stop it. I want to stop it and I said no no I signed it. I was very one person me see people come up and say no I want to end this how do I end this or say no, we're trying to we're trying to keep it open And then they go no, we don't want these open I'll say well you pay for it Because most people eat bacon and pork and But even if they don't they eat other animals fish suffer immensely when they're dragged out the ocean You know all animals are being exploited and murdered on mass But if you're against that you should be vegan stop funding it That's from a milk dairy cow that was slaughtered They're slaughtered at about six seven years old and they have their calves taken In order to get the milk they had to be pregnant They impregnate them forcibly And then they take their calves away because the calves will drink the milk and they kill the boys because they don't produce milk And the females will go on to be they're essentially like milk producing slaves So they keep getting pregnant produce milk pregnant produce milk calves taken away then they get slaughtered So stop it We think that animals are here to be eaten and so you know we think the gas chamber is the best method


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Everybody forced Jeff and Jake here. We've got twenty twenty three moments best baseball hobby eight bucks case number 34 random teams Let's go ahead and do our random and we'll get started 12 One two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven and twelve Jason T down to Taylor are and teams one two three four Five six seven eight nine ten eleven and twelve Padres down to Yankees They already made Barry retire once. Don't put him out there Jason T Padres Keith J. Marlins Joey a angels Richard D. Brewer's Phil B with the A's Cory T Dodgers Nam Q White Sox Cory T Pirates Royals William T Red Sox John W. Ray's Afichot with the Rangers William T Rockies Robert B. Phillies Jacob G. Orioles Sandy with the Guardians Cory T Braves Barton with the Giants Amanda Cardinals Noah H. Twins Jason H. Cubs Austin M. Tigers Jeremy R. Reds to you to what with the Mariners David SD backs John W. Metz Shane C. Nationals Don B. Blue J. Scott F. Astros Taylor R. with the Yankees So you control a control C all in copy F2 over here paste it already set it up like this So I type in results for and I paste the break title in there You set it to visible you change it to results rather than anything else That's the process football is almost full looks like Get in there. All right, here we go y'all got 30 seconds. Yeah, Jake is here. Good luck everybody. Let's get it Yeah, I am there That's right right here five four three two and One time is up Dude, he wasn't say nothing. He just be saying he's be saying guessing It's not our friend anymore. He just wants the he just wants to break credit. So I got down to Taylor Right, where's my notepad? Whoever wrote Devers Raphael. I think it was a Red Sox Peltray. Oh, yeah, I got you Rob. Make sense Nice, Rob was gonna say Scott Van Slyke. I think Which is a fun guest legends. Not just not in this. He's not Brandon in this I can't believe one that fortnight game the other day We die like eight times Clutched up. Okay. We're just going to reboot fans the entire game you clutched up We would know it was no we have just people that died very early every fight Like we would have everyone except one die and then they collect all our cards and just reboot And then the same process would happen like three times. So like one and we ended up winning. Yeah, hey Whatever it takes That was because I had like I Need like 45 medkits because I was so far in the storm dude. That's right. I was that same I Went through like five medkits Somehow I had them. We were dude. Yeah, we had a grapple and like in like dude I was and I was like in the storm and like it started moving. I was so far Do we I don't know if you guys are familiar with the new map. We started in classy courts and ended up in like Lactic gunner blue refractor is a CUNY to 150 for the braves like to the left of snooty. It was crazy That was so funny Red Zotto cam collier will count if the cuz nice Jason Mott. Yeah, we're talking about Jason Mott the other night. Oh, we're doing like an immaculate grid And yeah, I think you guessed Jason Mott for Pirates Pirates part of the thing masterpieces there was Harris who've got aqua lava rookie outman for the Dodgers number to 199 Fracture Bobby Miller Dodgers. He's right there, Paul Right there. All right, Sam rookie green auto to 99 Yuri Perez for Miami. That's sick. That's the first number to your I've seen That's dope. Miami Casey Schmidt, Ricky your factor Sam. What's the best? Ice cream flavor to microwave for like 10 seconds. I don't think you ever said your favorite ice cream flavor. I don't think you did I know you asked me. I Didn't say cookie dough cookie dough is talking real to real with a piece out of it of Yoshida There's just a little chip missing up here Sam not on it This is not good. We don't want this car to have ridges like ruffles So we'll send a box and wrapper to the Red Sox. It is a base into though.  I have a joke about eating base cars before been here so late at night so hungry.  I I had a piece of that a few months ago God, it's so it's pretty tough man. It's bad. It's like worse than like chalk. How's it say? That's probably what it would take him like him of Drew Jones Hopefully got in the cages off season. Hopefully SP for the D-backs. There we go. We like to see that Very happy with that Very happy with the team that I support wave Max Clark Tigers refractor rookie Gorman for the Cardinals. How's it brother? I am originally from Huntington, California. I got a scholarship to the University of Hawaii For five years on the island Isaac 250. Yes, blue auto tovara is the 150 Braves played ball there Spent five years on the island. So good times friend. Are you from there? She'll act of commie narrow choreo refractor Oh, yeah, that's a low high that red stocks Belcher was remorse. Let's go. Yeah. Oh, it's Wasn't he like Mike Pete Marlin's Mike Piazza for a while? Dude, they need to play J. I more minutes Didn't even play him more minutes. He's on KD locking him down right now Definitely gonna call for a foul on a second, but oh Katie wants him he wants him one-on-one the lines do Devon we're not watching that game purple ricketed 250 rather green Tigers guessing J. Moe has a touchdown as a terrible pass You can flip over Jake you got their own Got gold auto REL Castro to 50 for the twins rather watch Frans cook You mean get cooked. I mean you Pretty layups of the magic going to allow this game over under 50 Many diamond rookie shell act of a rutchman for the Orioles factor Langford Yeah Oh really down by nine wave Machado for the Padres or factor calling out Jake do we have more of those orange stickers base auto debacks Davis and de la Santos Fractal injury Vargas Let's go Lions. Good job Lions Leon's Shalak Turkey rutchman Orioles Gold Lava Yoshida for the Red Sox Seven of 75 jersey number. No bites in there. Oh, it looks good. Nice. It looks good. We good We just you gotta hope Jeff doesn't take a bite now He's thinking about every saw the one he's thinking about it has best in the name Aqualava trout to 199 for the Angels the big show Masterpieces auto out of 99 There he is.  I love it. I love it dude That's that's that's a brown Bring all the angels out to play Let's hit a super now. Corbin Carroll Colas rookie refractor.  It's almost 1300 Look at that bounty Real to real Crawford refractor trout Ethan solace base auto Padres Padres Julien rookie refractor Shalak the Collier Machado refractor Guys ready for immaculate basketball and diamond icons baseball on a Wednesday That day is gonna be crazy Can't wait to see some Holy cow fishing on that is a lot That is a lot of money factor Yuri Perez rookie Marlins mini diamond of Mervis rookie for the Cubs 299 Poca Gregor refractor auto Phillies and a Paraz over here factor. Oh, it was an end around He just too fast Reverse towards undershirt Game use undershirt wave of Arias for the Yankees refractor. So do you imagine it's like under the dirt you're like Let's go lions Auto for the Dodgers Dalton rushing I am seven nothing. Let's go George Valera mini diamond guardians shall act of Langford for the Rangers Fractured Jacob Wilson A's Think they got it dude. There's only 12 minutes to go in the first quarter. I think they got it a base auto for the Rays Brock Jones Fractured Joey Votto sifted the line Mervis mini diamond green the 99 of a caro nationals Mervis rookie refractor Real surreal Spencer Jones refractor Corbin Carroll D backs rookie a refractor autograph Mariners Lazaro Montes rookie refractor Just do auto recap on this you don't have to do numbers though. Okay. I pass And anybody take all the overs on Brandon.   Oh, that's offensive passionate parents if you ask me Dude, come on. Call offensive call OPI on that call OPI on that If that was a receiver that would have been passionate parents on the defense Any time in a 299 rocky or rookie guardians Fractured Montgomery that's that's OPI right there wave rookie rocky old guardians was a freshman Daniels nice You go with the grab Autograph Padres Daniel Montecino offense relax Alvarez Puguelo rookie refractor Like a half bag you just does whatever A Roman Anthony base auto for the Red Sox Rare rookie refractor Yanks playing the run. Well many diamond real to real Harper for the Phillies. Oh Hop a rookie refractor real to real of a gunna and Real to real lava auto not sorry not auto, but lava Soto 8 of 50 Padres Von Grissen rookie refractor to ATL Atlanta go lava Autograph Javier Osorio Tigers out of 75 Tiggers Raptors by is So awesome. I said, dude She'll active Max Clark Eaters, there's a lot of credit to you Dan Campbell Dan the man Wave of a tani angels refractor Nolana Renato. He's literally gone through the worst Stop macaron all the trial and tribulations Padres auto ready Beltray now Padres are hidden Colosser key refractor Fracture you injury Vargas an auto for Kansas City Caden Wallace Suzuki shell act of Rutschman gold lava rookie Lee over Piguetto for the Pirates number to 75 rookie refractor Henderson Orioles solace refractor All right spots coming in everywhere We still got one-on-one though. Thanks everybody for hanging out. I know there's a lot of places you can be But hang out with Jake Horace and Jeff Watching the game. That's where I would be. That's right. You really appreciate it. Thanks guys Should I like to stream if you are enjoying? Jake and I said we definitely get over a hundred likes. Oh, yeah, if not, he was everyone in the office lunch tomorrow Thanks, and I'm gonna be here tomorrow good together Jake Get it together Jake Say I won't be here tomorrow aqua lava to 199 Cabrera for the Tigers. That's correct, right? Or do you work more? Francisco Auto Guardians Many diamond cost us real to real red tons man Fracture Spencer Jones Real to real trout refractor drew Jones It is our last sealed case of one-on-one. We only have loose boxes left Many diamond out of the 25 Elijah Green nationals going at I saw number at auto 25 out of 25 You bet on the books and you lost near to where I'm my little pony mascot costume That's awesome. Many diamond rookie Moreno. We'll be here factor Peter Lonzo.  You have a mini horse. I'm pretty sure right? Yeah, that's cool Like a no, it's a cow. It's a cow. It's a Highland cow. That's what it is. Oh, I'm cow. Sorry Close enough for a for young for a young kid You could about that instead instead of you being in the cost Sorry about that Devon. I didn't mean for Tampa to disappoint you You have everything. Okay Everything you had to bring that to Lava Victor Medeiros to 50 on the Randy Johnson auto here for the Angels Fracture Yoshida Chris and McCaffrey Stanford Green Fracture rookie McLean Reds Wave Lindor Green Rookie to 99 Edward Julian twins refractor Riley Green Tigers rookie Green auto out of 99 Johnny Farmelo Seattle Go Mariners She'll act of solace Vicaro refractor Masterpieces of Yoshida Autograph Yankee Spencer Jones. There we go Factor Gunner-Henderson Hopefully he can pick it up this year. Another big lefty bet Real to real rushman for Baltimore refractor holiday for Baltimore Mini diamond common arrow to 299 rays base auto Mets Davis and Gutierrez Tampa Taj Proposed that you should make a shirt drop on it Make your own Wide, right? In a cunea and autograph for the Orioles Samuel Basayo. Oh, you're a factor costs Let's hope okay many time in a 299 Jackson holiday Orioles Morel rookie refractor Cubs Wave of rookie Mervis for the Cubs Almond or here factor Dodgers go find Roddy Gold Yeah Just bring Vinitiri out of retirement Caden Wallace Royals base auto. I still knock them down Volpe rookie refractor She'll act of Walker Rookie refractor Ruiz Masterpieces Max Clark resin schemes Trying to pull a super I'm trying Mini diamond rookie auto James Almond 25 and 25 Dodgers Dodgers awesome hit Dodgers Fractured the Paula Real to real Camp Collier Gold you're coming narrow out of 50 for Tampa Bay. All right, sorry Go raise Case auto Yankees Brando Maya John does it's been a very good case. It's been a really good case 80 refractor Yes, I find they sold out before you started sold out before personals ended today masterpieces Gunna Fracture of Tovar Spot green mini diamond Max Clark to 99 Tigers the auto rookie Piracy over Puguelo Fractured yellow tch wave of a rise for the Marlins a rookie refractor young Rangers Blue auto coming up here and it is for the Mets will be Faunas number 60 of 150 Really factor Marcello Meyer She'll act of Volpe refractor Celestin Mirages 2014 if you follow throwback on Devin auto for the raise you're coming arrow. Go raise. Let's go nice I'm big on him. I'll keep saying it Blue refractor rookie entity Volpe number to 150 Yankees Fractor of guanipa as well Real to real Michael Harris Braves refractor rookie Jordan Walker Cardinals And I letting Gibbs eat right now And refractor autograph for the Mariners again Gabriel Gonzales this time Fracture of Tony She'll act of your Jones refractor rookie gray rod. That's an auto recap here We go autos. You've got Gonzalez Cominero Peguero Maya Wallace Basayo Gutierrez Jones Victor Madero's Francesca Cain Wallace Eddie Beltre Javier Osorio Roman Anthony Kendall George Lazaro Montez Brock Jones Dalton rushing Poca Grega Ethan Salas Davis into Los Santos Castro Gold Gilarte Tavares blue Green Yuri Perez Cam Cali are green Johnny Farmello Faunas on the blue refractor many diamonds of Elijah green at 25 and outman as well the 25 We have no Tony masterpieces auto out of 99 for the angels. That was a really good case Thanks again everybody moving on now to one more baseball break


I haven't seen the whole thing But I definitely wanted to check it out because when it comes to someone knowing about the music industry And what's gonna set yourself apart? T-Pain Definitely knows all about that and it's cool to see T-Pain like on twitch streaming I've seen some of his Call of Duty clips and the dude is hilarious So it's dope we live in in a time where we can say some of the biggest artists from back in the day on Twitch just playing Call of Duty and and talking to the fans and stuff like that So I think that's pretty cool. So we're gonna check this out, man I think he's gonna have some interesting points and I think it's gonna be funny too.   He like yo, they start what's happening here?  I agree with his sentiments man Music has gotten so repetitive because people try to sound like what's hot instead of coming up with something That has some uniqueness to it That's why it's always cool when you're able to find an artist that's not like widely known But they have a different sound like it's always refreshing to find new music and new artists that sound different So I agree with you TV. I'm with you.  Lil Uzi Vert is already doing it. Lil Baby is already doing it. Lil Baby is already doing it It's literally two niggas with Bailey in their names. That's already doing out the music you want We have it we have it already. You don't have to do that music anymore, you know, we have the music already We have Lil Baby. We have Duh Baby. We have Lil Uzi Vert. We have Lil Yachty. We have Lil everybody Yo, T-Pain is turning up. Oh my god.  I ain't gonna lie to you It goes with the aesthetics of the the room. He's in the little studio room. He in it actually looks fresh I'm pretty sure it's hella expensive, but that actually looks pretty cool But I don't think I'll be buying it anytime soon.  Yo, what?  I need to do this now.  We got it You ain't never hear my voice. I'm not the same.   I don't even I don't even know where your song I ain't even read your name when you just said that right now. I What is that?  It's gone now T-Pain didn't realize the state music's in right now Oh, yeah, it's down bad now.   Oh What up brother? How you doing? Love you, bro. All right, but how did any bad record we've always had bad records?  I get that Under and that I'm not saying that this generation of music is worse than any other I'm not saying that. Oh my god.  I'm not chasing that anymore.  I Don't want to do that anymore. That's not my that's not my thing.   Oh, this person got Their first week is is planning on doing their first week and be bought This is why people they try to get hung up on the numbers or first week sales and stuff like that But in actuality if you got the label behind you they rocking with you They invested money into you best believe there's a good chance if the marketing is on point Those numbers can be inflated don't get it twisted numbers can be inflated Especially it just depends on who you know, you know I'm saying so yeah There they're sales their streams can be bought you can buy them.     You're not gonna be a better T pain. Just do something else That's it. I'm waiting.  I know you can pay for them views You can't play the game on me because I started the game Give me something else. That's gonna mean something Give me something that's gonna mean something And that's that's that's what it comes down to that's what's kind of missing in a lot of music today The meaning behind it. It's just you know a trend You know, there's not a lot of substance to some of the tracks that you listen to Because at some point you start to feel like them who is this artist? They sound like this artist But I'm not gonna lie to y'all when I first heard about Coil Array I actually I didn't like, you know, if you're not paying attention, you would think That she sounds like Playboy Cardi because Playboy Cardi has that same baby rapping voice So at one point I'm listening to one of the songs. I'm not realizing it's a you know a female rapping I'm thinking is Playboy Cardi come to find out. It's an artist called Coil Array I didn't know because they sounded the same. I had the same type of beats. I was just like, oh, what? Okay, so I get what he's saying there, you know saying you guys gotta separate yourself What's gonna separate you from the artists that are already out there? It's not about how many views you got. It's not about.  That's why You got paid to like it.  I don't like it if Somebody else like it Fantastic, it's for them. It's not for me.   Thank you for the goddamn five. I'm just trying to say And it's not about being happy or sad or bad.  I know I know what your motherfuckers be doing Oh, I got 2,500 views on my yeah, I know what you did to get that. I get it but Let's keep going. Thank you guys for coming through. Thank you guys. That was dope, man. I enjoyed that. I Enjoyed that man. Guess he was speaking a lot of truth, man He was definitely speaking a lot of truth when it comes to music nowadays It does sound the same same type of cadence same type of trap beats, you know it only Like works in a sense when it's something like unique and where there's something like okay That's a little bit different, you know, their style is a little bit different. Let's see what they're about You know I'm saying so that's why it's like yeah, I definitely agree with T pain If you're gonna put your music out there Always try to separate yourself from the next person It's cool to take inspiration from people because you don't want to start sounding like them because we already have those Artists out there. So why should we listen to you if you just sound like them? So I'm saying but comment down below. Let me know do you guys agree with T pain's rent Do you feel like a lot of these new artists are starting to sound the same or do you feel like T pain? Maybe tripping a little bit on this one. I would like to get your thoughts and opinions on that Appreciate all the love and support roll to 50k appreciate y'all kicking in with me. I'll see y'all on the next one. Peace


It's the sound of the zen. Yeah, Austin Powers, tell me that was not your favorite movie ever. Yo, what up? So today we got a badass high intensity Tabata workout for you to go through with the jump rope and with your body. Now if you enjoyed this video, make sure that you give it a like. You subscribe to the YouTube channel. Get questions, go ahead and comment below.  What's up chicken? My boy Toby back there and his other homie Henry. All right, zen dude nation. Let's get started off here guys. Today we're going to start with jump rope, regular bounce. Those of you know what I'm going to say who've watched these workouts before. His elbows are in, wrists are jutting out to the sides of the hips and look at him. He messes up and he just doesn't even care. He's like, whatever, I'm just going to keep going. Good guys, make this count. You don't need to get a long workout in. It's not about how long you're working out. It's about the intensity at which you are working out. So push yourself, okay? Up next guys, regular pushups, regular pushups. Good. Activating more of the triceps, keeping the elbows in so that you shave your, excuse me, save your rotator cuff. Don't shave your rotator cuff. Save your rotator cuff. Here we go, come on. Good, up next guys, jump rope running in place. Jump rope running in place. If you can't do running in place or any of the other tricks, that's totally cool. Just do regular bounce like I always mention, but just notice that running in place is not that much different than regular bounce. Brandon's only slightly picking his feet up and if he turned to the side, you would see that he's not really picking them up that high, which is important about doing this because doing jump rope successfully is about doing less and making those movements calculated and keeping a rhythm as opposed to big motions where you're whipping the rope around that will not help you spin the rope fast or for a long period of time. Tricep pushups guys, so Brandon's exaggerating the amount that he's putting his elbows in. He's having his elbows slide right along his torso and so he's pretty much only, well he's activating his chest but he's activating a large portion of justice tricep muscles in the process. All right guys, jump rope regular bounce again going back to the top, let's go.   Thank you guys, you just walked through the screen there. That was very nice of you. It's cool, you probably didn't see the camera, so whatever. Regular pushups guys, we got regular pushups next. Same thing, same thing, up, down, up, down. You should be able to get in a 20 second increment. Those of you who are advanced probably around 15, beginners anywhere from eight to 10 pushups. And up next guys, jump rope running in place last. Jump rope exercise of the day so let's make it count. Good guys, sprint, sprint. Notice again how Brandon messes up and gets right back on track, that's exactly what I want from you guys. And don't forget guys, we have a free seven day challenge where we're gonna be teaching everyone how to become better at jumping, not only how to become better at jumping, but how to do it more efficiently so you spend less time exercising, but you have more fun. So be sure to click that link below and get into the free seven day challenge. Try set pushups last thing guys, after you're done this circuit, you're gonna rest for one minute and repeat it an additional four times giving you a 30 minute workout from hell, trust me. It might not be that awesome when you're doing it, but when you're done you're gonna be like, thank you, Ken.


Ac efallai, fy ngyntydd y sectorfolio hynny erioedd frasio'r byw pwysigol Watch. Ar gyfer cyfrifiadau cyfan, beth efallai y cyfrifiadau cyfan yn eich amser dyna o'r cyfan sylwyd yn gweith drawn cyfarfodol oed, gyda'r cyfrifiadau cyfan amdana y cyfrifiadau cyfan yn eich amser yn eich amser yn eich amser yn eu cyfrifiadau cyfan. Mae hi angen yn y mae'r angen yn y cyfrifiadau cyfan y bunuid ar y cyfrifiadau cyfan. Fy na'u eu cyfrifiadau cyfan y cyfrifiadau gyfan yn eich amser, The Scottish Government provides support to companies through our enterprise agencies. For instance, Scottish Enterprise works with businesses to understand the business opportunities of low-carbon products and services and provides support with product service development where appropriate. The Scottish Government also supports the sustainable energy supply chain programme via the energy saving trust and resource efficient Scotland. That supports businesses across Scotland to help to build capacity and aid in maximising their share of spend from various Scottish and UK Government programmes. Stuart McMillan I thank the cabinet secretary for that reply. Two businesses in my constituency, one of whom the minister for business innovation and energy met a couple of weeks ago, have various products and services to improve energy efficiency in buildings across the country. What assistance is provided to businesses to help them to fully test their products, to get them to market, which could have a beneficial effect in terms of the environment, the economy and also job creation? A wide range of services, as I indicated, are available to companies through the enterprise agencies and, indeed, universities to support their innovation journey from initial concept development to market launch. The support range is from expert advisory services, support to raise investment, grant funding to develop new products and invest in R&D, including, for instance, SMART Scotland, which provides grants to small to medium enterprises based in Scotland. The grant helps the business to undertake technical feasibility studies and research and development projects that have a commercial end point. Information on the full range of services and contact information is provided on the Scottish Enterprise website. As the minister, what efforts the UK Government has made to seek the opinion of the Scottish Government regarding the each home counts review and the improved standards framework for installation of energy efficiency products, particularly in light of the hundreds of consumers in Scotland who continue to suffer financial hardship as a result of issues with the UK Government's previous green deal initiative? The Scottish Government has long held the view that the UK Government does not need to strengthen its consumer protection frameworks to ensure that customers are well protected. Therefore, we welcome the each home counts review when first announced with officials meeting with Dr Bonfield to share best practice and offer areas and example of where things needed to be improved. We recognise the recommendations from the reviews really just the start of the process and that further details will need to be developed, and we are carefully considering the reviews recommendations as part of the development of Scotland's energy efficiency programme. We will continue to liaise with the UK Government to better understand how it is building on the recommendations of the report and ensuring that proposals for improving consumer protection are fully implemented. Companies should be properly supported not only to make products that help tackle climate change but also to help transport them in a greener and more low-carbon way. Can I ask the cabinet secretary if new plans for low-emissions zones outlined in the programme for government will also include urban consolidation hubs for goods vehicles, given transport emissions have not fallen under the SMP Government? That is one of the things that we are consulting on. The member may be aware that on 9 September, I think that I am right in saying that was the date that we launched the consultation on low-emissions zones. That includes reference to precisely the issue that the member is raising. Low-emissions zones, of course, will be developed in conversation with local authorities. For many local authorities, that may look like an attractive option, but at this stage we are not mandating specific frameworks for low-emissions zones. That is something that will be developed over time, but I invite the member to look at that consultation and he or he may wish to advise others to input to that on that specific issue. The cabinet secretary will be aware of widespread concern in the north-east about the First Minister's decision to wind up the energy jobs task force after she attends her final meeting today. I wonder in that context if she can tell us what new initiatives the Scottish Government will take to support and encourage oil and gas service companies to provide their experience and knowledge of engineering, of construction, of commissioning and of maintenance to projects such as the Murray Offshore Wind project and other large projects that are designed to tackle climate change and which really need that expertise coming from the existing north-east industries? That is quite a broad question, but if the minister could answer her part. I think that I would struggle to bring that into my own portfolio remit, but I am aware from some of my previous portfolio responsibilities and fair work skills in training that some of the aspects that the member is raising there would be very germane to that. I think that if he wished to have a further conversation in a much more detailed way, then either my colleague Paul Wheelhouse or Keith Brown would be only too happy to oblige him. To ask the Scottish Government how its targets on climate change and sustainable development are supported through renewable energy projects such as the turbines in the Pentland Firth. While Scotland is a world leader in tackling climate change, we have made sustained progress against ambitious statutory targets and we are bringing forward new legislation to ensure that we maintain that leading position. We know that a variety of low-carbon generating capacity will be required by 2050 in order to achieve our binding climate change targets. Our support for innovative renewable energy projects such as the Maidgen tidal array in the Pentland Firth, which is the first large-scale array of its type in the world, is just one illustration of our commitment to building a modern, integrated low-carbon energy system. I thank the cabinet secretary for that answer. Can the cabinet secretary outline what support the Scottish Government is giving to sustainable and renewable initiatives in my constituency of Midlothian North and Musselborough?  In Midlothian North and Musselborough, the climate challenge fund has awarded a total of £176,000 to five different projects. Through our low-carbon infrastructure transition programme, we have provided early advice to a number of projects in the constituency area. However, commercial confidentiality prevents me from providing details at this point. It is the aim of the programme, however, to publish all information when available. Donald Cameron I refer to renewable energy in my register of interests. In relation to the Scottish Government's updated target to end the sale of petrol and diesel vehicles by 2032, can the cabinet secretary clarify if the Scottish Government has made any initial assessment of the energy capacity that is required to meet the target and what proportion of that will come from renewable energy sources? That work is currently on-going. We hope to be in a position to be able to give further advice in that area in the near future. However, I am looking at my colleague the transport minister to ascertain whether he wants me to say near future or not. There is a question that a number of people will want an answer to, and it is one in which we are doing a great deal of work. To ask the Scottish Government what representations it will make to the UK Government over the failure to award a contract for difference to the major entitled development in the Pentland Firth. The announcement about the result of the second allocation round was disappointing for the tidal industry. I am not sure that it came as a surprise. The way that the scheme is structured and designed does mean that innovative projects are always going to lose out in favour of bigger players and more mature technologies. That is why, as a Government, we are continuing to press the UK to commit to a fairer system in this area that offers early-stage technologies the chance to replicate the impressive cost reductions that we are currently seeing in offshore wind. To ask the Scottish Government what support it gives to initiatives that aim to make Glasgow more environmentally friendly. The Scottish Government recognises the importance of the environment and its contribution to the quality of life of our communities, as well as Scotland's international image and reputation. The Scottish Government supports delivery of local environmental quality through its establishment of policy frameworks, supporting tools and funding to local authorities and other organisations. Annie Wells I am pleased to see that an inquiry into air quality has been launched by the Environment Committee and the Scottish Government made a number of commitments last week as part of its climate change bill. However, three streets in the city were recently named as the most polluted in the country, with a number of schools breaching the 150-metre safes zone. In line with the comments from British Lung Foundation Scotland this week regarding the need for the Scottish Government to ensure that councils improve pollution monitoring, particularly outside schools and urban areas, in line with one of our own plans, what action will the minister take to ensure that greater transparency and the recording of data by local authorities? Well, local authorities are the responsible authorities in respect of air quality in their own areas. It is, of course, an issue that is of concern not just to Glasgow but to a number of other urban areas. I am aware of the streets that are in that list. I understand that a number of them, however, is likely to be mitigated as time goes by because of the construction of new motorway. There are a couple of streets left where there are some very particular problems. I am also conscious of the issue around schools about which there has been considerable publicity this week. There is a deal of work to be done there. Although, again, in terms of the actual measurements, we look for local authorities to consider how best they can get that information brought in. We are introducing an air quality fund to support local authorities with the delivery of air quality action plan transport-based mitigation. I hope that local authorities will have a look at the availability of that. Obviously, we will have to work with commercial and bus sectors in respect of their own vehicles. There are a great many things that can be done. I very much hope that Glasgow will be taking up on some of the available offers that there are. Thank you, Presiding Officer. An interesting question was raised by Annie Wells. I wonder what impact does the cabinet secretary expect that the doubling of the funding for active travel will have on Glasgow and other major cities, including my own constituency city of Stirling? The doubled funding is going to allow us to expand our programme of building segregated and, by that method, attractive cycle and walking routes in our major cities and create environmentally friendly places for people to enjoy. We are also supporting work on the creation of a long distance cycle and walking route, which I know will be of great interest to many. Increased funding will enable us to ensure that the encouragement and support people need to enjoy the new routes that are in place, such as a smarter choice, smarter places programme, cycle-friendly communities. Perhaps more importantly, cycle training. Some members may be aware that I got on a bicycle for the first time in more decades than I care to remember recently, and it did occur to me that, as well as training teenagers how to cycle safely, that perhaps returner cyclists need a bit of focus as well. The cabinet secretary will be well aware that air pollution in Glasgow and the rest of Scotland kills 2,500 people each year. Does the cabinet secretary share my view that the solution is clear? If a four-point plan, we need to support the creation of more low-emission zones, we need to ramp up investment in active travels that we just heard, introduce bus regulation and make 20-mile-an-hour default speed limit in cities. A plan that will tackle climate change, boost active lifestyles and help the economy, does the cabinet secretary agree? 20-mile per hour limits are a matter for local authorities to consider. I know that, for example, Edinburgh has already brought them in in a number of different areas. I cannot speak for every single city, but no doubt there is consideration being given to them. Yes, low-emission zones, as the member will be aware from the programme for government, are something to which the Government is very committed. We were already committed to introducing the first one by 2018, but what we want to do now is to raise that ambition to committing to low-emission zones in the four biggest cities by 2020 and where evidence supports them in other air quality management areas by 2023. The member will have heard me refer to the consultation on low-emission zones earlier, which will contain within it a discussion about a number of the sorts of things that he has already raised in his question and that will be important to consider. I am not sure that I want to add anything more to active travel than I did from my previous answer. To ask the Scottish Government how its newly announced innovation fund will impact on air pollution and climate change targets in west Scotland. One of the most important stages of innovation is demonstrating your technology or business model commercially. Of course, we have already had a question that referred to that in a different way. The new funding will be used to focus on innovative low-carbon energy projects building on the low-carbon infrastructure transition programme. One of the key application requirements for the phase 2 fund will be to demonstrate an anticipated carbon reduction against business, as usual, which in many cases is gas. In phase 1, the low-carbon infrastructure transition programme supported five innovative low-carbon capital projects in the west of Scotland. All new funding will be made available through open and fair funding and invitations announced against specific low-carbon criteria. I thank the cabinet secretary for that answer. As we know, the cost of air pollution is too high for our environment and for our health, with around 3,000 deaths per year attributed to air pollution. Does the minister not agree with me that cutting air passenger duty in the hope of increasing air travel will do nothing to meet the objectives of the Scottish Government to reduce emissions that pollute our air? The entire climate change plan, which is currently in development, will be finalised early in 2018 and fully takes into account the impact of air passenger duty and balances across all sectors. Scotland is one of the world's leaders on climate change. We have demonstrated our capacity to manage that across all sectors, and we will continue to do that. Ivan McKee Does the cabinet secretary agree with me that it is vital that Scotland continues to take a global lead on tackling climate change? Not only is this important for the environment, but by taking a lead on innovation, it will be hugely beneficial for our economy. Certainly, I agree on the first point. I have made reference to it in a couple of answers already that Scotland is already a global leader on climate change. It is important for the environment, but it is equally important that the economy works in concert with that. Innovation has long been one of Scotland's strengths, so it is incredibly important that we build on that historic strength and encourage innovation when there is a focus on commercial viability, because that is key to Scotland's continuing economic success. We have already got a strong record of achievement in low-carbon innovation, and the innovation fund that was announced in last week's programme for government means that we can look forward to further collaboration between the public sector, the private sector and academia to continue to maximise this advantage for Scotland's communities. Maurice Corry Can the cabinet secretary tell me how many electric vehicle charging points will be required to meet the government's target of phasing out new petrol and diesel cars by the year 2032, and how many will be put into place with the innovation fund? The work is being done at the moment with stakeholders to establish what that network will require to look like in order to achieve the ambition that we have set out. And when there is a finalised figure, no doubt that will be made public. Question 5, Willie Rennie. To ask the Scottish Government what assessment it has made of the amount of plastic nerddles on beaches in north-east Fife. Cabinet Secretary. Presiding Officer, do not smile. Nerddles are small plastic pellets about the size of a lentil that are produced by industry to then be used in the manufacture of plastic goods. And I dare say that Willie Rennie met with and attended the lobby by Greenpeace, that perhaps was where he, like me, discovered the existence of those. They make their way into our seas and on to our shores by spillages occurring when they are handled or transported by business and we unfortunately don't collect data on the total number or weight of plastic nerddles on beaches in north-east Fife. One can imagine how difficult that would be given the size. Surveys are undertaken by volunteers. Willie Rennie. Ruby Bay beach in north-east Fife is polluted by hundreds of thousands of these plastic beads. But Fife is not alone. It is estimated that about three quarters of beaches in the UK are polluted, which pose a risk to wildlife and the environment. Now operation clean sweep works with industry to cut the spillage of nerddles, but not every company handling this plastic is participating. Will the minister consider legislation to ensure that every company does participate in future? I would never want to rule anything out, although I am not sure how practical it would be just as a superficial response. I am happy to discuss with the member if that is a route that he thinks would be helpful. He is absolutely right, however, to flag up the very serious nature, the extent of marine litter and particularly of plastics in our ocean, which is why we gave some considerable focus to that in the programme for government. Thank you very much. That concludes our section on environment, climate change and land reform. We now move on to questions on rural economy and connectivity. Question 1, Monica Lennon. Thank you, Presiding Officer. To ask the Scottish Government when the Minister for Transport and the Islands last met representatives of stagecoach and first group and what was discussed. Sorry, Cabinet Secretary, how is it useful? Not definitely, minister. I last met representatives of stagecoach on 7 August at the bus take holders group and representatives of first group on 11 September, just on Monday past, where a number of issues were discussed from bus to rail policy and much in between. Monica Lennon. I thank the minister for that answer. As the minister might be aware, at his previous meetings with first group and stagecoach, the ones of the 28th and 30th of March this year, they became part of the growing list of Scottish Government ministerial meetings, which under FOI we know have not been minited. Given the on-going issues around transparency at the heart of the Scottish Government and its such important issues relating to the forthcoming transport bill, it will likely have been discussed at those meetings. Can the minister provide further explanation as to the reasons why no minutes were taken and were minutes taken at your recent meetings? Lectured by a supporter of North Lanarkshire Labour about transparency is like being lectured by Donald Trump over responsible Twitter usage.  Of course, I would be more than happy to write to her, as I have said, that it is bus policy, where we have a shared agenda to see an increase in bus patronage as opposed to a decline. In terms of the meetings that she discussed, in terms of introductory meetings, they are just that. They are an opportunity for us to get to know each other, to understand, of course, the basic issues that are troubling the bus sector and what the Government can do to help to rectify some of that. So if she wants an explanation of each meeting, what was discussed, of course she can write to me and I'll be happy to provide. I'm sure that that would be substantiated by the first group and by stagecoach. I'm more than happy to do that. I'm sure that the minister meant to strike a slightly more humorous tone than it came across, but I would just encourage all members to be courteous to each other across the chamber. On a constructive note, can I ask the minister if he can explain how the Scottish Government is planning on providing local transport authorities with improved options to influence the provision of bus services in their area to better meet local users' needs? I thank the member for a constructive question. The constructive answer would be, of course, that we look forward to bringing forward a transport bill. A part of that will be a bus element. The consultation on that has been launched today, and we will consult on a number of issues, whether it is local franchising, municipally-owned bus companies, enhanced partnership, open data. All of that will give more powers to local authorities to be able to shape bus services that help their communities. On top of that, of course, we will continue our support for the BSoc grant, and our support for the national concessionary travel scheme, and we will look to extend that. All in all, we hope to drive up patronage on buses, which has been declining not for years, but I'm afraid for decades. Minister will no doubt be aware of the impact that peak-time congestion is having on communities using buses and coaches. Can I ask him if he has any plans to extend bus and coach priority to other parts of the trunk road network, given the perceived success of what is happening on the M90? Indeed, for his views on usage of the hard shoulder and motorways during peak-time congestion. I am more than happy to take constructive suggestions such as that and have a look at what we can do more on the trunk road network. What I would say is that when bus operators speak to me about congestion, it is usually at the local level. Glasses go in the west of Scotland, perhaps, where some of the worst congestion is that we see across the country. What more can be done in that regard is really up to local authorities, the bus operator, but having a conversation with Government about how we can help to assist that in low-emission zones might be part of that conversation. I am more than happy to take away some of the suggestions that have been made. If the member wishes to write to me with more detail, I will explore what more can be done on the trunk road network. We are doing some work on that with Transport Scotland, but if he has more specific suggestions, I will examine them and explore them, but I would highlight that at a local level. That is where we need to tackle congestion in order to, as I said, reverse the trajectory of the decline of bus patronage. I wonder whether, perhaps, in future discussions with the stagecoach, Hamza Yousaf might be willing to take up the issue of reduction in services in the far north of Scotland in Caithness, not only is that having an impact on travellers within the Caithness area, but it is disrupting connections with onward ferry journeys to and from my Orkney constituency. As a result, I think that it can only result in fewer people taking on the bus and using that as an option. It is an issue that was raised with me in my recent visit to Orkney. Of course, we were delighted at that time to announce the reduction of ferry fares to the mainland, but, of course, the point was made that, when people come and use that scrap, there is a strong nest route in particular ensuring that there are enough bus services to take them for the length of their journey thereafter. Of course, I am more than happy to raise that with stagecoach. I should say that, of course, there is a commercial entity, and therefore that decision is a commercial decision for the bus operator to make. If he would like to make that representation to stagecoach, I would advise him to do so, if he has not already done so, but I am more than happy to do it in my next meeting with stagecoach. Fulton MacGregor To ask the Scottish Government what steps it is taking to ensure that fibre broadband is installed in new housing developments. From 1 January this year, amendments to the building Scotland regulations 2004 set a new standard for in-building physical infrastructure for high-speed electronic communications networks, thus enabling easier installation of fibre at any time. I also understand that open reach now offers fibre to the premises connectivity to developments of 30 properties or more, as well as a tariff proposal for smaller housing developments. For homes delivered under the affordable housing supply programme, the Scottish Government issued guidance to local authorities and registered social landlords advising that homes should include ducting to help future proof access to internet and broadband services where possible. Finally, in new-build developments, where there is commercial demand for superfast broadband, we expect that that will be delivered commercially without the need for public funding. Fulton MacGregor I thank the cabinet secretary for that response. The vast majority of my constituency has now had fibre broadband installed, which is welcome. However, there are thousands of new houses planned for Coatbridge and Crescent, and already there are hundreds of households that do not have fast broadband and will not for many years to come. I welcome the response that I have already had, but will the cabinet secretary work with the housing minister to ensure that open reach and housing developers are working together to install fibre broadband as part of any new-build programs? Well, yes, we are working together with the private sector. We have good relations with the main players with whom we engage regularly. The building warrants requirement for new homes is a step forward. It is a good thing, but that does not affect existing homes. We have been able to extend access to broadband to 750,000 homes and premises as a result of our contracts with BT, but there is more work to be done. I can assure the member and other members who are interested in this that we are very much sharing the objectives of ensuring that such access is universally available. To ask the Scottish Government what changes it plans to the next BT contract for 100 per cent access to superfast broadband by 2021. Cabinet secretary, I should make clear that, contrary to the premise of the question, we are making no assumptions about who will win the contracts to deliver our 100 per cent commitment, the R100 contracts, neither BT nor anyone else. Indeed, we are seeking to ensure competition within the procurement process. I thank the cabinet secretary for that point on procurement. Too often, residents are told that their postcode has access to superfast broadband and are therefore included in the coverage statistics. However, in reality, they often do not. An example of that would be Keg, a village in my constituency of Aberdeenshire West, where the superfast fibre cable passes their houses on the very road that they sit on, but residents do not have access to the cable. Will the Scottish Government revise its definitions of fibre-enabled and have access to fibre in its new contract, to whoever it may go to, to ensure that it is a more accurate representation of accessibility to superfast broadband? The supplementary question was certainly well disguised by the original question, which is an entirely general nature. However, if the member cares to write to me about this specific instance, I will look into it. That said, however, I remind the member that the responsibility for regulation about the modes of introduction of access of superfast broadband rests entirely with the UK Government under schedule 5 of the Scotland Act. Therefore, the power to regulate what must be done rests entirely in that place, which is sad because it has not taken the outside-in approach to ensure that rural areas get access to broadband as quickly as urban areas. That has not happened because the UK Government has not chosen to use the regulatory powers that it possesses and could have used, like other countries, for precisely that purpose. To ask the Scottish Government, in light of it being Scottish food and drink fortnight, what advice it has on supporting the food and drink industry and what action it recommends that the public takes as part of the fortnight? Scotland's food and drink sector is one of our great success stories. Food and drink fortnight aims to encourage producers and suppliers to promote Scottish produce and pride in our farmers, fishermen, crofters, distillers and others who make our great food and drink. This year, the key message is to change one thing, whereby everybody, whatever their connection to the industry, is encouraged to change one thing about their relationship with Scottish food and drink, to make a positive contribution to the industry. I thank the cabinet secretary for his response, but what he confirmed is that the growth of our food and drink sector in constituencies such as mine has been supported in recent years through grants from the EU. Last week, I visited Katie Rogers, artist and dairy in Stirlingshire, who received funding in June for new equipment to help expand our business. Should we leave the EU, can he advise if the UK Government is guaranteed to provide financial support for innovative food and drink businesses such as this in the future? Cabinet secretary, you know that I have committed to eating more of Scotland's fantastic dairy produce as part of the fortnight. I hope that the minister will agree with me that that should not be much of a hardship for me. That is one excellent thing that Mr Crawford has adopted. Having had a look at Katie Rogers' website, I would recommend everybody to visit the website and visit the premises, which I believe are around or near Balfron and consist of high-quality yoghurt products. That is the advertorial part of the answer. To answer the substantive question, the UK Government has confirmed that contracts entered into at the point of UK exit will be guaranteed. However, that is only 18 months away. What happens after that? We do not know in respect of this particular form of grant finance, which is so important, especially to small businesses such as Mr Crawford's constituents one. Therefore, my advice to Mr Gove is to get on with the day job, get on with the work of sorting out how we are going to continue to help our food and drink industry grow with the grants and the financial assistance that we have come to expect to be available under the EU. To ask the Scottish Government if it will provide an update on whether it plans to legislate for the mandatory installation of CCTV in abattoirs to monitor animal welfare. The Scottish Government has already recommended the installation of CCTV as best practice in the monitoring of animals at the time of killing. I am advised that an estimated 95 per cent of animals are slaughtered in plants where CCTV has already been installed voluntarily. As announced in the programme for government, the Scottish Government will consult in 2017-18 on the introduction of compulsory video recording of slaughter abattoirs in Scotland to aid enforcement of welfare requirements by abattoir management and food standards Scotland. Current advice concluded that CCTV does not by itself prevent welfare failures or secure welfare compliance. We will continue to monitor animal welfare at time of slaughter through the presence of Food Standards Scotland, veterinary and inspection staff in all approved slaughterhouses. I was very pleased to see the commitment to consult on mandatory installation of CCTV in the programme for government. While we may disagree on other issues from time to time, I am sure that Mr Ewing and I would not want it to be said that he was falling behind the aforementioned Mr Gove on progress on the issue. He says understandably that CCTV does not in itself ensure compliance with welfare standards and should not be a substitute for good management. However, can he tell us that the consultation will very clearly set out how mandatory installation of CCTV could form a part of good management of those facilities and that the consultation will be on the question of how, not whether, it should be done? I think that we do share the same approach of having the highest animal welfare standards. The answer that I gave reflects the fact that the expert committee, the Farm Animal Welfare Committee, who provides independent scientific advice to all GB Administrations that have provided advice that CCTV cannot act as a substitute for direct oversight by management or veterinarians and further this group of experts, as I think Patrick Harvie does know, that by itself CCTV does not prevent welfare failures or secure welfare compliance. That expert committee did not recommend that CCTV be made a legal requirement. Instead, they recommended that CCTV is promoted by assurance scheme operators. I am very pleased to see that Quality Meet Scotland has updated its process of assurance scheme standards to add a new animal welfare section to apply to slotters. That might be of interest to the many members who have raised the important issue in the chamber. As far as the consultation is concerned, I think that it is right that the consultation set out matters factually, in detail, comprehensively and give those who are interested, particularly those who have a particular interest in the industry and also animal welfare, all of the facts and set out those dispassionately and in a neutral fashion. That is the right way to do that. In having consultations, we do not prejudge the outcome. We want to see the responses to those consultations before we decide what to do. To ask the Scottish Government how it is supporting the rural economy in that well-known island of Skye, Lochaber and Badenough. I am very familiar with the island of Skye. I am sure that all members are, Presiding Officer. In area 1, it is not aware of this fact. Anyhow, the Scottish Government is committed to supporting sustainable economic growth across Skye, Lochaber and Badenough with the range of actions through our enterprise agencies and directivities, such as supporting the GFG Alliance's purchase of the former Rio Tinto Alcan aluminium smelting plant in Fort William. It is early days yet—I have stressed that, Presiding Officer—but this predicted investment will add £1 billion to the local economy over the next decade. The cabinet secretary will agree with me that broadband will be transformational in the rural economy. I warmly welcome the commitment in the programme for government to put rural Scotland at the front of the queue in the R100 roll-out. Is the Scottish Government committed to working with community broadband groups, for example, Lochail Net and Badenough broadband, in that process? We are committed to working in that way. The community-led broadband networks have had a positive impact. Some of them are supported by community broadband Scotland. Indeed, Lochail Net is an excellent example of having connected, I believe, 390 premises and benefitted from 91,500 of the CPS funding. The other thing that I would say is that we want to and are committed in our manifesto to providing access through our R100 programme to every home and business premise in Scotland by the end of this parliamentary term. Peter Chapman Thank you, Presiding Officer. I remind the chamber of my register of interests. Given that LFAS is such an important part of supporting the remote areas that Kate Forbes speaks about, what are the Scottish Government plans to do with the savings from LFA—LFAS—parashoot payments option? Right. I am not sure that there will be any savings from LFAS. Perhaps what Mr Chapman is meaning is that, because the current intention is that LFAS payments according to EU rules are to be paid for the forthcoming year at 80 per cent of the previous entitlement, what happens to the remaining 20 per cent? That was something that we considered very carefully and quite rightly so. It is simply contrary to EU rules that we could have devised a backdoor route to making up for that 20 per cent loss directly to the LFAS recipients. That would have been a clear contravention and would simply have resulted in disallowance on quite a major scale. I would also say—I presume that Mr Chapman knows this—that the European Parliament has urged the commission to reconsider the introduction of the 80 per cent LFAS this year and is urging that that be next year. I believe that the commission is considering that. As soon as we get any further up information about that, we will report back to Parliament. Were that to be the case, I would have to find £13 million from my portfolio to make up that payment. I would certainly want to do my damdust if that is not an unparliamentary term to do just that. Rhoda Grant The cabinet secretary will be aware that both Rolch Aber and Skye have enjoyed besieged tourist seasons this year, but that has brought its own problems with the lack of infrastructure to cope with them. The single-track roads and Skye are leading to iconic attractions that are at gridlock, as is the 882 running through Fort William. Can I ask what the cabinet secretary is going to do to improve that essential infrastructure to allow tourists to enjoy the sites and locals to go about their business? Kate Forbes has made me aware of the important issue through her assiduous work on the summer meeting with the local groups. I am pleased to hear that Rhoda Grant shares those interests. Plainly, in some ways, in Scotland, we are now a victim of our success. We have become so popular in tourism thanks to the leadership of Visit Scotland, assisted from time to time by the occasional Minister for Tourism, that things have gone extremely well. Now, of course, the pressures are the pressures coming from that success. Do not forget that the value of that money coming into the economy is great and extending the shoulder season is really helping with things like the NC500 to provide a step change in the contribution that tourism is making to the highland economy. Overall, that is a great thing, but I know that a lot of effort has been made locally by local businesses and people in Skye. Kate Forbes is involved in that, as well as by the Highland Council. I have discussed that informally with Margaret Davidson to tackle those problems of success, particularly at some of the sites that are extremely busy, as Rhoda Grant recently points out at the end of the single track road. A lot of work has been done behind the scenes to see what, in practice, can be done between the public and private sector working together. However, I am delighted that tourism is doing so well in Scotland.