Hey guys, it's Nate, aka The Foot Accountant. Welcome back to the channel. It is one of the biggest Fridays of the year on FC24. It is Black Friday and Buckling. It's going to be one of the craziest days of content all year as well. I want to get you ready for it today on FC24. So if you're excited for it, drop a thumbs up. Subscribe if you're new. We are, of course, on a different location than normal. I will be streaming today from a different location as well. It is the holidays over here with Thanksgiving. Happy Thanksgiving to all of you guys who celebrate but that is why you're seeing me in a different place today. We'll be back to normal here very soon on the weekend. But let's get right into things with all the new content that dropped yesterday on Thursday. We had a brand new season with a lot of fodder packs, guys. This is what we needed, right? For those of us that are trying to craft SBCs, well, let's be honest, all of us are going to be trying to craft all the insane SBCs that get dropped during this whole Black Friday Thunderstruck promo scenario. Level 15, 83 times 20, level 20. Good packs. Level 25, good packs. Another 83 times 20. Guys, there are three 83 times 20 packs in this whole season. It's only 27 days long. If you're looking to craft SBCs like the Play of the Month in Bape, maybe the leaked Alan St. Maxman flashback, the leaked the young Thunderstruck or the the dog leash Thunderstruck icon card, the SBC, it's going to be coming out. It is great that EA have put a lot of fodder packs in the season because it's going to help with the SBC grind so much. I kind of I'm OK with it. There's no players in here and then it is all packs to be completely honest. Also, what I love about the season is there's a level 26 and an objective that is tied in with that, that if you get to all the way to the end of the season, there's actually still a little bit more to play for. You can go and get the level 26 badge, the Rainbow Snowflake.  I'm a fan of that. Also, the winter gifts in Park the Slay. It's the exact same thing in objectives. If you're wondering where the winter sweater home kit is. Guys, these are kits just like the icon kit from last season that is in the store that you will then you have to buy. I think it's 60 K to get the kits, then you can get some more XP, which will get you to some of those fodder packs quicker.  So Gigi is the EA for dropping some pretty dope kits. Like, look at that kid, bro. That is pretty dope. I might spend 60 K on that at some point. But I'm not too mad about the season. It's short. It is sweet. There's some decent consumables in here and then honestly, just a lot of packs. There's even if you want to take the option for a base hero pack at level 20, that that's there. You get a promo card player pick here at level 25 as well and at level level 20 and 25. So that's nice. I'm a fan of that EA giving us options inside that season. I am fine with it. Now, speaking of the store, we have to talk about this guys. EA tweeted yesterday. I don't know if any of you guys had this show up in your companion app on your screen inside the console. They gave back FC points and or coins. Let me double check and make sure that we're firing. Also, OK, we are. They gave back FC points. And I can't imagine like this is one of the first times in my ultimate team experience that EA has given back coins. Like I got this message when I loaded into the game because remember a couple of weeks ago when EA tweeted this out and they took all the untradable packs out of the store because they were showing us tradable, right? They have to fix this sort of thing. Whenever there's problems in the store, whenever EA make mistakes there, it is so crucial that they fix them because I think they can face like that's their highest probability of facing some like lawsuits and stuff that could cost them money. So they have to compensate that stuff accordingly and kind of show that they did that. So if you open any store packs that showed tradable that were actually untradable, you got your coins or points back. So a lot of people actually were getting coins and FC points back. I think I got 50k because I remember opening one of those consumable packs that got you like the gold non-rex because we were doing the crafting objective back at that time. So I actually do believe that I got some coins back yesterday, which was which was cool. So that was part of content yesterday. We had to mention it there along with the season because guys, there's so much going on in this game right now. EA is going to be making mistakes. Watch out for more compensation type scenarios in the store with SBCs because that sort of thing is going to happen at this time of the year. Now, some other content that dropped yesterday, the daily log and upgrade, they switched it. Thank you from 11 bronzes to just one. We love that today. We're going to be getting another daily log and upgrade. We'll be able to get that done again. This SBC yesterday, it's a great idea, but the execution is absolutely terrible. Solo to squad upgrade, right? It is exactly what it sounds like. You turn in one player to get a whole squad back. But EA is making us turn in 85 rated player to get a gold pack with 11 gold players. It's like, let me turn in an 83 or maybe even an 84. And I would take that. If you think about this from a straight coin value, technically, it's not terrible because 85s are 7K. You're getting 11 cards back that are technically all right now. 600, 700 coins with the potential of packing something. Like it's not horrendous, but it's not good. That's the thing, right? It is unlimited, repeatable, but all of our 84 and 85 rated fodders are going to be going into other SBCs anyway, like the 83 times 10, like the player SBCs. It just seems a lot to turn in for a little. Now, this is the SBC that everybody's excited about, and it is honestly the SBC that's going to cost you and me a lot of coins over the weekend and 83 times 10. That seems cheap, but it's actually not when in forms are 40,000 coins a piece. Now, the best part about this is you can rinse and repeat this. It's repeatable three times a day, and this is an SBC that people are going to be doing, myself included, to at least get a chance at packing something good. We're going to talk about what's in packs, but let's open one of these really quick. 83 times 10. It's a German center of defense, Kimmich. Come on, for the boys. It is not Kimmich. OK, what I'm seeing from double walkout, no way. I have not seen many double walkouts. I'm getting the juice. Who's the second one? I needed this fodder. It is Odegaard. Bang, 287 out of an 8310 is actually really good. A lot of people I see from these getting, oh, my gosh, I got three walkouts. We're cracked. A lot of people getting 83s, 84s, 85s. The best part about this, though, as I was trying to say, is that you can rinse it back in. Like, let's say I got a bad pack right there. All the 83s and 84s that I got, I can rinse that back in. The problem is getting an inform. Look at this tradable fodder club stock. Can't wait for those prices to go up. We'll be talking about that. But I like this SBC is very easy to rinse and repeat once you do it because you're getting a lot of 83s back that you can then put back into the SBC. So I'm a fan of that 83 times 10, and it's the informs, guys. If we look at informs on the market right now, they're like 42,000 coins. As I said, that's going to be honestly a part of the market that if you time it right this weekend is going to be crazy for making coins because, yes, you can pack informs a little bit easier right now with the team of the week. This is impacts and a best of, but there's still 40,000 coins a piece, man, because EA refused to update some of the price ranges of informs like Gerud in this game, who's 30,000 coins, and everybody wants to do that 83 times 10. So I'll be careful trading with these. If you see some big dips in price and then around the content time when people can do that SBC again, they could spike back up, that's a movement that you could see, but they are up a lot. It is a crazy, crazy rise on informs this year because EA keep requiring them, but then they don't supply them into SBCs. That is the problem, but at least the content is good. I'm not going to complain about that for sure. Now also yesterday we had the first, I guess, well, it's not the first. We had another Black Friday challenge, like a flash SBC. I was expecting more of these yesterday, to be honest. It's going to be running out today. We're going to see more of these though, guys. We're going to see 100% more of these Black Friday challenges and these SBCs, I have to point out again, if you are on a low budget or maybe you just got this game and you're looking to make some coins in a low budget, look through what is making these SBCs go up. Actually solution trading is incredible with these. I just clicked on the Black Friday challenge one here inside of Footbin. I went into the completed challenges and you can see like the cheapest squad that is in here, it's bronzes, right? It's bronzes that keep filtering to the top. And these bronzes guys, since they're bronze rares and they're really rare, they actually, they're not cheap. Like if you go on the market, I doubt this 63 rated left back is 200 coins. When these refresh for the solutions, if you're on a low budget, watch these cards. Their prices will continue to go up and down because it's probably going to be the same solutions that filter into these. You can make big time coins on these types of SBCs and there's going to be a lot of them that drop today on this game. So be watching for that very, very closely. Now also, yes, that we have to talk about this. They put more cards into packs as expected. But guys, I'm going to be completely honest. It's less cards than I thought because the way that EA or the way that Foot Sheriff made it sound was that we were going to be getting like 60 or 70 cards in packs, which maybe it does end up to be that amount. But this Best of campaigns release is a little bit smaller than I thought it was going to be. Of course, there are a lot of cards that are in packs now. Like we have an Mbappe in packs and Mbappe SBC that is out. We have a Ronaldo special card layout. They put a nice team here, Rashford, Saka, Mendy's in packs, Holland, De Bruyne. It is a nice promo team of Best of release. And of course their prices are dropping. They will continue to drop 100% guys. Again, this is my basis in this thinking is that we still have a lot of packs open this weekend. Like Cancelo went from 280 to like 220,000 coins, but the majority of packs on this game are going to be open starting today. The majority of lightning rounds are going to be open starting today on this game. So I expect all the cards that are in this release to go down. I expect all the cards in the Best of team of the week to be going down today. Because again, like I said, today is when the lightning rounds are going to hit. Today is when a lot of the supply is going to hit on these sorts of cards. It's going to be a crazy day on the market. And we're going to continue to talk about it here in just a bit. But let's move on into today. We're going to talk a lot about fodder today as well guys. Don't worry. I know you have questions. I've got all my fodder. I even bought a little bit more because I think I'm going to do play the month in Baphe. But let's get into today. Black Friday, Thunderstruck promo. These are the cards that we believe are coming into packs. Now I got to say this for a second. EA on the loading screen, they showed a 93 rated card getting upgraded to a 95. Who's the 93 rated card here? Is Neymar going to be a 93? Is Vinny going to be a 93? I mean, who else in this promo team is going to be that? If they're giving either Neymar or Vinny a 93 based version today, that is disgusting. Like that means they're going to be upgrading these cards really, really good. And that's a huge upgrade. Like I hope that's not just for show EA. I hope that's an actual card. And if it's on the loading screen, then I think it is. One thing I do want to point out is that all the cards, it is now changed from what we heard before. All of these cards, since they are live, which is another crazy part about this, it's all about the next four games of their league domestic matches. For the women's and the men's cards, it's now the same. They get the same upgrade pattern, inform upgrade with first win, second win gets plus two play styles. And then if they win a third game in the next four, they get a second inform upgrade. For the icons, it is just win one and win three for an inform upgrade and for the play styles. And that's just, that's just crazy, man. Like I can't believe that EA are dropping another set of live cards and the players that are in this promo team guys. Again, these are big name players that'll have a lot of hype. Gabriel Jesus, Raphael Voran, Alfonso Davies, Bremer, Fran Pong, Fikir, Quadrado, Joe Gomez. There's Clostrum and there's so many cards in here that are kind of like Ultimate Team Legends, if you will. And so many cards that are going to be really, really good in game. And the fact that they're live too, is like, wow, there are a ton of great cards coming out of this game this weekend. And the one thing that I do want to mention is, EA did say, or I guess Foot Sheriff said this, in this very tweet right here, he said that there will be multiple mini releases. So we might not have all of these in packs today. So if you're waiting for like the Ultimate, like best time to rip your packs from the store, it might actually not be today on this game. Now, for the packs that are time gated, like you can open a 10 coin pack every day. Yo, what? That is a crazy pack design. What'd they do? I saw the hero pack was out.  Go on, EA. That's gonna get a lot of people to open packs too.  Spanish left back. Is that Gaia? I'll take an 82 rated. Those are like 1.2000 coins right now. Boom, I'll take 1.2K, man. Thank you. Another 83 times 10 that I can do with that 82 rated card. But yeah, just watch out for those sort of packs, but they're maybe the best time, right? We're gonna get the icons in packs today for Thunderstruck. We're gonna get the promo team. The best time to open all of your packs to wait until everything's in packs though might actually be tomorrow. That's one thing to kind of point out as well. And also, if you look at the loading screen, these cards are gonna be in packs today early guys. It's gonna start early. This promo with the content is gonna be happening, I think it's four hours before the content drop today. That's when we're gonna have the first pieces of content dropped in this game today is four hours before content. That's how it was last year. So whatever content time is for you, just think four hours before, we're gonna have the first set of cards in packs and then probably our first Flash SBC then as well, or at least another Flash SBC. And also some of the first packs in the store for lightning rounds and stuff like that. And speaking of the store today, guys, once again, it's gonna be madness. Like you think there's a lot of crazy packs that are in the store right now. This is just EA laying the groundwork, right? Putting out a deluxe 86 that's every day. Putting out this 450K pack and the 350K for the heroes. Like this is just EA laying the groundwork. There's gonna be insane lightning rounds today with like two for one packs. Like the replay jumbo rare players pack, lightning round. There's that massive pack that's gonna be like 300,000 coins as well that gives you like 90 players. That's gonna be out as well.  There's gonna be lightning rounds running almost all the time on this game today. It's gonna be madness. And EA is gonna get to sell so many packs because like you look at what is in packs right now and it's like, how do you not want to open packs? So Gigi's the EA. We'll be opening our SBC packs, not spending FC points here, but opening our SBC packs or our SBC packs and trying to pack at least something. Now let's talk about other contents coming today. Speaking of objectives and maybe even how it's gonna impact the market, SBCs and objectives. We have a lot of SBCs coming. We've already had a couple of them dropped like the Mbappe but Alan St. Maxim and I think is gonna be our flashback today guys. That's the biggest name flashback. Again, two years ago we had Benzema. Last year we had Messi. It just seems right that St. Max would be today. So watch your French links. Watch some of your Saudi League links as well. I don't know what the SBC price is gonna be. Usually they drop, I mean, I think Benzema was super, super cheap. If St. Max is super crazy cheap, that would be a card with so much hype in this game. People would go absolutely bananas for it. So watch out, like I talked about Benzema in a video earlier this week. Like the informed Benzema has already risen up in price since he's not in packs. And if you still have this card, keep a close eye on it because if St. Maxman is really good, he could go up further. If St. Maxman is not that good, he could drop a little bit. But watch your Saudi linking cards in general. Guys, we might have multiple player SBCs today. Like a De Jong Thunderstruck is leaked. De Pi and Kuti Romero have all been leaked this Thunderstruck SBCs. We could have one of those today as well. Don't put it past EA to drop just one SBC today for a player. It could be multiple, especially in a Flash SBC. That's happened before. So watch out for that. That's gonna be an SBC that would have so much hype. A French winger.  I don't think his base card has a Playstyle Plus if I can check really quick for Alan St. Maxman. The technical dribbler would be perfect. Oh, he's got Trickster Plus. He's got Trickster Plus. He's got Technical Dribbler and Quickstep and Flare. I don't know if they would change his Playstyle Plus at all, but that's gonna be a big SBC, man. There's gonna be so much hype for him. And if he gets an SBC today, it's well priced. It's gonna make a lot of left wings or right wings. Whatever position that he is, he can only play on the left with this card. But whatever position he is and can play, it's gonna hurt the market a lot in those areas, which is why I'm not a huge fan of investing in Neymar, at least right now. I know the market's up a little bit in some areas. We'll talk about that. I don't think we missed out. But a couple more SBCs that could be coming. This is big. Thal Gleesh is getting a Thunderstruck Icon SBC. That's, again, a live Icon SBC. I think Balak is leaked as well. And then they leaked a Flashback Oscar. So another Flashback SBC coming. I don't think, again, that all of these SBCs are coming. But I could see two player SBCs. Think about it. All the cards that have been leaked, like there's gonna be so many cards in packs today, so many icons, so many players. And then also the SBCs that are coming. It's gonna be an absolute madness on this game for sure in terms of the content, which is why I still like fodder. And we're gonna talk about that here right now. I think we are gonna get an objective player today as well. I would not be surprised.  So definitely watch out for that. Now let's talk about market, right? Some of the panic actually stopped yesterday. Like Nate, what is going on with some of these players because they're actually going up? Vinny has been our example this entire time, right? Vinny's going out of packs today. And I think this has some people going and buying his card. He's 600,000 coins. He was 540, he was 530, I mean, 560 even on Wednesday. And now we're headed into Friday, he's 600K. What is going on here? Guys, think about it, right? We've been saying it. We haven't seen the true panic yet because this game has not unlocked full potential for Black Friday. Today is the day that everybody's going to be opening up packs. We're getting a Vinny, we're getting a Neymar special card today. If we get a left-wing Allen St. Maximon, that looks absolutely crazy. People are going to compare that St. Maximon. Like the St. Maximon concept card that I just showed you guys has 95 pace, 94 dribbling. Compare that to Vinny, which also St. Max's concept has 84 shooting and 82 passing. That's like on the level of Vinny. St. Maximon could really make a card like this even move as well, you know what I'm saying? And so we are really going to see the full movement of the market today on this game. I know that prices are back up a little bit, but I'm not worried because with all that is happening this weekend, I do believe there's going to be a lot more to shake up the market, some more pace selling as people see all the SBCs that they want to do, all the packs that they want to open, and honestly, a lot of supply. It's going to hit the market as well for gold cards. That's why we're saying be very, very careful with golds. I'm not a huge fan. The only golds that I would maybe be a fan of would be a card like somebody who is going out of packs that's like fodder, especially for the people that are joining the game. A lot of people are getting on this game for the first time this weekend because the game is like 50% off on like Amazon and all these websites, right? Like, Varan is 10K and he's been 10K, but this is a starter center back that a lot of people would go to. I wouldn't be surprised if during, you know, the next week, Rafael Varan goes up like five to seven, maybe even 10,000 coins as people get on the game and start building teams. But again, this is a card that's going to get, probably hurt a lot this weekend as people buy other players for a team, put other center backs in their team, do other SBCs and stuff like that. So that's why I'm still saying, if you're wanting to buy a player for your team, especially if it's in packs, if it's a gold, we're going to wait. Even if it's an out of packs card, I do believe there's going to be some more panic on the market today and throughout the weekend. So I'm thinking still that we're going to be looking through like a Saturday to Sunday buy time scenario for any of the cards that you really wanted to invest in. Of course, we'll still watch in the pro live cards. Like some of these, of course, have games coming up soon like Mane's pretty low, Delialli pretty low still. I'm very interested in investing in the live cards like these and RTTKs. But I think we can still get some lower prices during the weekend. And then we have to talk about fodder. Guys, well fodder, right? 83s, they're 2,000 coins. 82s, 1.2K. It seems crazy for me to say this, but I think it's going to happen. If you can get 83s on bid for like 1.8 to 1.7K at all, like during the lightning round today, maybe it's before the content drop, you can get on bids for 83s. 83s are going to be so in demand because of the 83x10 and being able to do it three times per freaking day with everything that's in packs, I think I will get on bids for these cards. I mean, try to get them even at like 1.9. Like they could even go higher throughout the weekend. The supply is going to hold them in check from rising a lot, but they probably will go up. Same thing with 84s, same thing with 85s as we continue to get more and more SBCs. And on the high tier yesterday, I mentioned that I bought a couple of fodder cards. I actually went on some bids at the content drop yesterday and picked up a couple of 90 rated at like 52K because there was a little bit of supply yesterday and they had a little bit of a dip. They went down to like 54 and you can get them on bids. If you can get 90s any time this weekend for like 52K, I would buy them because I think they're going to go higher. People are going to do the Mbappe SBC and maybe the dog leash SBC as that comes out, any of these are their icon SBCs that could have 88 and 89 rated squads. So watch out for that, get those on bid because those seem to be moving the most right now. Like 89s and above and in forms seem to be moving the most on the market. But I'm still holding all my fodder guys. I'm still holding everything. And to be completely honest as well, I'm lazy listing it and take a look at this. I lazy listed it a couple of times yesterday as I was not checking the game like at all. I sold a Bernardo Silver for 35,000 coins and a Trippier for 11K. Like as I'm lazy listing all this fodder and all the stuff that I have here, I probably should list these Malans a little bit higher. But like I'm just listing at random prices. And I've gotten a couple of lazy sales. I cleared some other ones that I had already gotten as well, lazy list your cards. Cause today is the day when people are going to start doing SBCs as they open a lot of packs too. So make sure you are listing your stuff up constantly, constantly all the time. But I think it's the low tier that's going to be in the best amount of demand. Of course, depending on what other SBCs we get today, I actually think that the icon pack, but pretty sure that the icon pack is refreshing today as well. And that SBC of course, is going to have Hype Max 89 icon upgrade is an 83 and an 86. So I'd watch out for your 87s, your 88s could move a bit for that. And then your 82s and 83s in team of the weeks are going to move a little bit for that SBC as well. And then talking about the rest of the market, the rest of the market's going to be an amazing place to trade. Now one thing I want to point out is the new Thunderstruck card since they come out early, a trend that has happened in the past couple of years. Last year there was a Hyunmin Sun Road to the World Cup card. Since these cards come out early, there was an incredible opportunity with this card where it was really low heading into the content drop. And then it actually rebounded after the content drop when everybody thought it was going to go down. It actually went up because it was very rare. It was a card that people wanted to try out. They opened their packs and he didn't get supplied that much because the big top tier cards aren't going to get supplied a ton today. That's just how it goes. So watch for maybe on the really rare cards that are in the team today, a low point at content and then maybe rising a bit if they drop a lot from where they started out since the cards are coming out early today. So I'd watch for that. But if you're just looking around the market today and you want to make coins on some flips, watch out of packs promo cards, right? Maybe triple threat, maybe FC Pro Live. Anything that is not in packs right now that you think maybe it's just a French card that you think would go up a little bit because it links to the Allen St. Maximon or it's just a very popular card in general that is out of packs. Like there will be some of these cards that have really good fluctuations. Icons will have good fluctuations today if you're looking to just trade with a couple of cards. Make sure you make it a rare card for sure. And make sure you just know what's in packs, right? Like, oh my goodness, Ferland Menendez 830. Well, yeah, he's in packs. Rashford's 1.1, yeah, he's in packs. So watch out for those cards and then watch out for the promo team today too. These cards will be good to trade with. Guys, I have to say, like I don't expect a promo pack weight to be insane but I expect a lower tier of this team since there's a lot of cards. I expect them to be somewhat cheap like Joe Gomez, Quadrado, Anzu Fati, like that Anzu Fati card with 95 pace, that's gonna make some waves if he's in the game today. That's just gonna be a card that people would maybe sell something they have in their team to try and go and get the fact that it's live, Premier League team and upgrading. Like, that's a card that so many people are gonna wanna give their hands on. Overall today, guys, there is so much excitement for what is gonna be going on in packs and the rest of content. There's gonna be great opportunities to flip cards. It's all gonna come down to timing. So just watch the timing of rare cards and just kinda think about what people are gonna be buying because there's still this week in League today, people are gonna be playing that. Of course, you're going for the wins this weekend to get the EVO slot opened up in the objective section as well. And again, like I said, there's a lot of people that are coming onto the game for the first time. So watch the lower tier too. Watch your lower tier of cards from maybe the recent provost or just big name players that have out of packs promo cards that you think are very popular that could move today on the market in this weekend.  But honestly, guys, today for me is gonna be a day where it's SBCs, it's packs, it's craft. We'll watch the market, we'll watch the new cards. It's gonna be just absolute madness of content today. So if you're excited for it, drop a thumbs up on the video. Subscribe if you're new. Comment down below if you have any questions and I'll see you guys on a stream, Black Friday stream today. It's been Nate for the Count and see you guys there. Peace out.


Salamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh. Welcome to Ehqam SOS, the show that discusses Islamic duties and practices by His Eminence, the Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Sadik Shirazi, may Allah prolong his life. I'm your host, Mohsin Shah, and joining me is Sheikh Ali Ma'ash. Salamu alaikum sheikhna. Wa alaikum as-salam warahmatullahi. Sheikhna, we were discussing the criteria of Libas of the Masalli, so the clothes that one wears when praying. Can one actually pray with clothes that are made from dead animal skin or dead animal fur? Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Raheem wa sallallahu ala Muhammadin wa ala alayhi al-taibin al-taahireen. We've mentioned two criteria in the beginning of the previous episode, which was to do with the tahara and the purity of the clothes, which was the first criteria that we have to make sure that the clothes of the Masalli, of the one who was to pray before Allah was to be purified. The clothes must be pure and tahr. And the second one, to be permissible, not to be usurped. And we spoke about the Masalli with this regard. Now we move to the Masalli you mentioned, and that is not made of maite or dead animal corpse. Yes, we were not allowed to use or wear the clothes which were made from the skin of the dead animals, even if it was, let's say, the sheep or the cow skin which died as a result of natural death or was killed not in the way of the Sharia and Halal way. Also, the Sayyid says that it is as per obligatory precaution, that we also avoid wearing the maite and the dead corpse of the animals which have cold blood as well. So let's say the snakes skin, for example, or crocodile skin or even fish, let's say, well skin, which they die natural death, for example, or being killed. Now we cannot wear them in the Salah. So in this case, we cannot use them in the Salah itself and be it a cold blood or hot blood animal in any way. Now in regards to the Masalli, again, for using the Halal meat animal which has non-living parts, let's say the hair, the fur, the wool. So let's say if you find a dead sheep or camel or cow or even the feathers of, let's say, the chicken and so forth, and you wanted to take them these parts of the animal which have non-living as they say, you know, the fur, the wool. You can actually take them off from that animal and you make out of them clothings, garments, trousers and everything and you can wear them in the Salah because we have been using these clothes. We've been buying, for example, t-shirts, shirts, suits made in, for example, China, which is a non-Muslim country. So these parts of the animals which are made from and the animals were killed not in the way of Halal way, for example. We can actually use them. That's fine. There's no problem with it because they don't actually represent a living part of the animal, like the skin, for example. So we can actually use the wool, the fur, the feathers, for example, and such like to make clothes even if the animal was dead corpse, for example. What about animals which they meet is haram for us to eat. For example, a tiger or a lion or a bear. Are we allowed to use those sort of fur and skin for Salah? Again, with regard to the Haramite animals such as the cat, the tigers you mentioned, lion and such like, any parts of their body, even the head, the standard, if that was on your body, the Salah would be bottle and void. So you have to make sure you don't wear any kind of the skin or the fur or the wool of haram animals on your body in any how. You have to remove them, especially those who have cats at home, for example, to make sure that when they carry the cat, they remove all the heads attached to their body and clothes before they actually start praying. That's the important issue here. And again, let's bring this issue up as well with regard to the doubts of the ones who have the doubts that whether this garment or clothes or shirt or suit is it made from a Haramite animal, for example, or Halal myth animal? And unsure about it, you know, the hair, the wool and so forth. Can I actually use it? Because as I mentioned that the basis and the Qaeda was that you know, everything is Halal until you show it's Haram or everything is Tahir until you're sure that and certainly it's Nages. In this case, it's permissible for you for the one to wear these jackets, for example leather jackets that you don't know if it's made from animal Haram animal or industrial skin, for example, leather and so forth, you're allowed to wear them whether it's made in Muslim or Muslim countries. That's fine. As far as you don't know, you have doubts about the origination of these skins, you know, is it even from a Muslim or Muslim country? So that's fine. What is the rule in regards to gold or silver and also silk for a man to wear during Salah? With regard to the gold, let's come to the gold first. For the men, it is not allowed for them, number one, to wear the gold in anyhow, in their hands as an ornament, jewelry, or to wear the gold in the means of clothing, you know, the threads to get the gold made from the gold. Or the buttons are golden button, for example. So that's by itself is forbidden, not allowed. And on top of that, it becomes Haram and void. If you wear them in the Salah, it will make the Salah invalid and battle. So there's two issues here with regard to the gold. But there's no objection for the sisters and for the ladies to wear gold in the prayer, as I mentioned previously, that it is mustahab for the women to wear the jewelry, the necklace and so forth in the Salah, the beauty in the Salah. That's fine. That's mustahab even. So that's with regard to the gold issue that is Haram on the men to wear it, be it to wear it outside the Salah or inside the Salah. With regard to the silk, now the silk, for the men again, it's Haram. We're not allowed to wear silk, be it outside the Salah or inside the Salah. Inside the Salah, it will make the Salah void and battle. And with regard to wearing the silk for women, again, they're allowed to wear it in the Salah as they are allowed to wear it outside the Salah. The condition is different and the terms are different from men and women with this regard. What if the silk garment isn't 100% silk? In the West, we have, especially when it comes to ties and things like that and the handkerchiefs, they'll have silk but it'll be 30% silk, 50% silk. Is this considered to be the same as silk and has the same ahkam rule or is it different? Well, if it's something like the handkerchief, the handkerchiefs and something that doesn't really represent the Libas al-Musalli as I've mentioned as a full garment, in this case, it doesn't invalidize the Salah. The Salah will be accepted as far as just a small piece of, let's say, handkerchief or anything like that doesn't represent the Libas al-Musalli, the pros of the Musalli and be it a full silk, that's fine, pure silk, that's fine. So what doesn't represent, so can we get away with the handkerchief, what about a scarf, is that okay? Or does that represent the Libas? That could represent the Libas. I mean, you have to see if something can cover actually the body as a cover for the body, then that becomes the Salah invalid. So what about if I have a bandage or some sort of cast made from silk, is that okay to pray in or does it have to be removed? No, that's fine, that's not counted as wearing that bandage or that plus and so forth. So you can have actually a bandage with silk, which is to do with covering the wounds on the skin, even if it was made from the pure silk, that's fine. And Shaykhna, what happens if I have prayed Salah and I was wearing pure silk? What would happen if I didn't know that this was made from pure silk? What would happen if I knew I was wearing pure silk, I can't pray in this and then I forgot that I was wearing it and I prayed and then I remember after my prayer, oh this was silk, I'm not allowed to pray with this.  What the Sayyid says, the Sayyid differentiates between the Qasr and the Muqassr, the Qasr is somebody who never knew about it. He completely never knew about that this was silk and he prayed with it. The Muqassr is the one who, he knows that there's something called silk around and he should ask, he didn't ask, he didn't search, he just went and prayed. So he knows that he should have been asked somebody or the Aalim or whoever else to ask about the Masjid. He didn't ask, then he says that it's as precautioned, the Salah is void. But if it was just being unaware, Jahil, ignorant about it, in overall, he never knew about it, then in this case, the fatwa is that there's no requirement to repeat the Salah, it's correct. Although it's ahwad or it's precaution, it's better than to repeat the Salah, it's better. But otherwise, as a fatwa, the Salah is accepted and is valid. Shaikhana, what about if I have what we call Jannah Masjid on Mas'Allah, and sometimes we have nice luxurious ones made of quite nice materials, if that is made from silk or has silk in it, is that okay? Well, because these things are not part of libasil musalli, you know, you're not going to wear them, you're going to pray on them, or you're going to cover yourselves as a blanket, for example. So to pray on a Jannah Masjid or the praying mats made of out of silk, there's no objection for that, that's fine, you can actually pray on them. And the Salah is valid. As-Salaamu Alaykum Shaikhana, thank you very much and thank you to all the viewers who have joined us on the first season of Ahkam SOS, I hope it was very informative for you, and inshallah we'll be back in Ramadan, for a Ramadan special of Ahkam SOS discussing Ahkam in regards to fasting and in regards to the holy month of Ramadan. If you have any questions in regards to this special month and in regards to fasting, please contact us on the contact details provided and inshallah that Shaikhana will be able to address them and give you your answers and to then, As-Salaamu Alaykum Wa Rahmatullahi Wa Barakatuhu


So it's a pleasure for me to pass the baton to Joshua Vangio. You heard me make one brief mention of the Havado program and artificial intelligence. Joshua is one of the triumvirate of leaders who relaunched deep learning that was quite popular as a neural network idea in the 80s and 90s. And Joshua Yanlequin and Jeff Hinton relaunched it in the 2000s and it's become basically a monster, which is taking over everything that we do. So we're going to hear more about the applications of deep learning, specifically in the context of neuroscience. So Joshua is going to talk to us, Joshua is from the University of Montreal, I should have said. Joshua is going to talk to us about bridging the gaps between brains, cognition, cognition and deep learning. Joshua. Thank you. I'm not going to tell you much about applications of deep learning, but more about the connections between deep learning and neuroscience and cognition. At least some of them, they only have half an hour. Just to get off the ground about deep learning is an endeavor that's part of research in AI and machine learning. The central goal of AI is to put knowledge into computers, but what has prevented that from happening much earlier is that a lot of the knowledge we have, that we would like computers to have, isn't knowledge that we can communicate directly because it's not consciously accessible. And so computers have to learn from data in order to succeed and deep learning has been an approach to learning for computers that has been immensely successful, mostly in the area of perception but to some extent also in everything having to do with language, like machine translation, playing games, driving cars, translating like in this example from images to texts, all kinds of things. Let me step back a little bit about how the, I think, one really important thread in neural network research has started in the 80s called connectionism. So connectionism, I've tried to summarize it in one sentence. It's a pretty long sentence which should be broken down into pieces. So what it's about, and it's also something of course that is still at the heart of what deep learning is today, iteratively training distributed representations. So this notion of distributed representation is the idea that we represent information through a pattern of activation, which of course is natural for the brain, through a composition of neural-inspired simple operations and then that part is really important towards a justifiable training objective. So there's this notion that the learner is optimizing something that's well-defined and makes sense. So that training objective forces the learner to capture the relevant statistical structure of the data. So I have another talk, which I'm not going to give, which goes through a list of what I found to be ideas from your science and cognition that have influenced machine learning and especially deep learning over the years. So of course neurons networks, plasticity in learning, these representations that I mentioned, a lot about the architecture of neural nets, especially these convolutional nets, is inspired by the visual cortex. The idea of depth, in other words to have multiple levels of representation, also is inspired by what we know about the cortex. The kind of non-linearities inspired by the brain, particularly the rectified linear units, which are now used in the last five, six years, have dominated the field, were inspired by neuroscience. Spikes, well it looks like we don't use spikes in deep learning but actually there are different things like dropout where you inject binary noise into the system and also systems that are quantifying activations of neural nets that have been developed which have some resemblance to spikes. Correct learning is something that's more on the cognitive side about training from not independent examples but through a sequence of examples that are gradually more difficult and sort of like a teacher would do with a child. Cultural evolution and distributed training, how multiple agents can learn together and help each other, notions from psychology of affordances, options in reinforcement learning, notions of exploration, this is all in reinforcement learning and notions of controllable factors so the relationship between representations and what an agent can do in the world, what it can control, the notion of attention which has really become a central tool in deep learning in the last few years, the notions of lateral connections which come up in what's called softmax and clustering and notions of attractors, notions of associative memories which i probably will mention at the end so there's more and more research in connecting not just a standard neural net which you can think of as like cortex but also things that act more like memory to these neural nets and then of course notions that connect to classical AI, sort of system two types of computation that involve reasoning, planning and consciousness. All of these things are happening in deep learning and of course have time to brain sciences so there's an underlying assumption behind a lot of those connections and also that has motivated me for the last few decades which is that there would be a few simple principles that explain both human intelligence and animal intelligence and that we could use to build intelligent machines right so and it's not clear that of course this hypothesis is true maybe the brain is just a huge bag of tricks and so it is a hypothesis but if it's true then the consequences both for our ability to understand the brain in the big picture of the brain as well as to build intelligent machines it could be immense. Let me skip these things and go back to the connection between brains and deep learning so I feel like if we're trying to understand the brain of course there are many aspects to it but one aspect which really would explain a lot about the brain is how it learns because you could you could imagine that the learning mechanisms themselves are fairly simple in the sense that it could be described by maybe a few equations but the consequences of these learning mechanisms could be huge in terms of the function that the brain could do and so when you think in this way you start thinking about not what particular neurons are doing but of course how they learn what it is that this learning is optimizing if it is optimizing something one kind of architecture structure in the circuits makes it easier or more difficult to learn different kinds of things and so on so these kinds of high-level explanations are the kinds of questions that deep learning researchers are thinking about and I think that it could be useful for neuroscience to start thinking with these views. If you consider the two extremes of low-level computation that is typically what's studied by neuroscientists on one hand and the other hand high-level questions about computation in the brain that cognitive scientists are studying what's interesting with the neural network research is that it can span both of these levels right so and as I said there's inspiration coming from both of those sides and of course that could go the other way as well now I'm gonna now focus on some work that we've been doing thus on the side of the brain implementation of neural networks and particularly the question of is the brain doing something similar to back prop so back prop is the workhorse of the success of deep learning and what it is is just a mechanism to do credit assignment for a large network of neurons interconnected and complicated ways in arbitrary ways to figure out how each of them can change a little bit so that some overall objective is improved gradually and for many decades the dominant thinking was well there's no way that the brain could do something like back prop for all kinds of reasons and now in the last few years we see a flurry of papers that suggests implementations in the brain that at least are much more plausible than would have been possible to estimate gradients in a style that's similar to back prop but not be exactly the same so one question with back prop is you know if we want to implement something like back prop in the brain is how are we going to encode the error signals that are normally propagated in these deep artificial networks and one major obstacle to coming up with a logically plausible analog to back prop is that we would like the computation performed to compute those gradients to backpocket those gradients to also be done by neurons right we we we don't want like a separate kind of computation that is not biologically plausible for the the the back prop or for the estimation of the gradient so there's a hypothesis which has been proposed already in the late 80s which our work is is writing on and about how these error gradients could be represented in the brain and the hypothesis is that the error gradients are represented by temporal derivatives of activations so one way to think about it is the level of firing rates of neurons encodes the you know computation that is being performed but then those neurons receive feedback from potentially various sources that steer them towards slightly better configurations and so there's there's going to be a change in the activity and that small change would be encoding error gradients and so we don't know that's true of course but this is this is an interesting hypothesis to explore both in theory and and eventually as we're starting to do through experiments on animals so now I'm going to tell you about a particular algorithm that exploits this hypothesis which we introduced last year called equilibrium propagation and it's analogous to propagation through two phases of computation which I think we can eventually merge into one but but for now think of that as two phases it's similar to what I mentioned before so there's a forward phase in back propagation in which the network takes inputs and produces predictions or something or you know expected rewards or whatever it is that we care about and in equilibrium propagation this is going to be implemented by a relaxation phase a free phase where the the network which now has dynamics and you know feedback connections and feedforward connections and natural connections is is is being influenced by the input and and and converging dynamically to some configuration so this is the equivalent of the forward pass and then there's going to be a backward pass and this is this is the place where it's not obvious how you know brains could implement the equivalent of the of the backward pass that we find in back propagation so the idea in equilibrium propagation is that the outputs that are producing predictions are going to be receiving signals when they make mistakes and those signals will push them will nudge them towards better values in the sense of lower value of the prediction error but because of feedback connections these these nudges will propagate to all of the network again through the same dynamics and then the network will converge to a slightly different state so so we've actually made this story formal and we can prove that if you're able to do these two phases and you know they converge and then you look at what's called the sufficient statistics so things like Hebbian pre times post firing right products and you you take the difference of them so something fairly similar to a lot of previously proposed learning rules you can actually estimate the true gradient of the prediction error now there is a there are several issues left with this approach one of them is we I mean for for a realistic biological implementation would like the the computation of the prediction to happen very quickly like you know if something you we already know that in about 100 millisecond your visual cortex can you know detect objects and so it's almost a single feedforward pass is sufficient to do a lot of things so how do we make sure that the feedback connections are not making the convergence to a correct answer not not too slow right so because they will interfere if you want with the feedforward connection so so we have a scheme that we started working on with Walter Sand and Joao Sacramento in which we use lateral connections to cancel to that are trained to cancel feedback connections right so you have pyramidal cells you have feedback connections arriving from downstream layers onto the apical dendrites and now you're going to have lateral connections that learn to cancel that feedback so when the downstream neurons are behaving in a way that's predictable by the the current layer the current area the lateral connections can predict the feedback that will come from the downstream layer and so the the feedback is cancelled and so the the the feedback connections don't interfere with the feedforward and you have essentially immediate convergence however when the downstream neurons are receiving feedback that you know contradicts what they have been doing that is not predictable by by this current layer then there will be a mismatch between the the feedback and the prediction to cancel that feedback from the lateral connections and that difference will exactly correspond to the equivalent of the you know what backprop wants to compute so the error that the neuron is trying to correct corresponding to the gradient of the whatever prediction error or reward with respect to that neuron so this is I'm only sketching the ideas here and and this can be combined with the ideas I told you before to make the the dynamics converge faster there are also other works that are interesting in which again the structure of the pyramidal cell with the apical dendrites on one hand and the basal dendrite on the other hand actually play an important role to decouple the the the the feedforward computation if you want from the error computation there are other issues that we are working on so one one problem with the theory that we have right now is that it requires the network to have symmetric weights in other words it for a neuron a to b if there's a a weight in the feedforward direction there should be the same weight in the feedback direction which is not biologically plausible and so we've we've developed a version of the theory with weaker conditions that don't require symmetric weights and would still lead to convergence so that's that's one thing we're working on and we have an archive paper on we're also working with Joel Ziblerberg, Blake Richards, and Tim Larry Krap on actual experiments on mice to try to test some of these ideas and it's going to take a while before we can test the full generality of of these theories but we are starting small yeah so so some of the questions that can potentially be tested so for example one of the hypotheses that would be could be tested eventually is that simply there is something like gradient descent that neurons in the middle of a big chain of computation will change their synapses so that at the next trial say their their behavior corresponds to causally leading to a better prediction so I think it is actually possible to test these hypotheses by collecting statistics about the spiking behavior of of neurons which are believed to be changing in the context of a surprise where say the animal doesn't doesn't expect what is being observed another related hypothesis and now it's connected to this notion that the errors are encoded in intemporal derivatives that if we look not at the next trial but just like in the say tens or hundreds of milliseconds right after a surprise that in a neuron that we know is changing because of the surprise we should see its activity move its average activity move in the direction of what would correspond to a better prediction right so not just so the first thing at the next trial is because synapses have changed whereas the second thing is because even before synapses change the activity has changed because of feedback connections that are driving the activity of the neuron towards a better value so so these are two different kinds of hypotheses and the second one really gets closer to these ideas about how error would be encoded in the brain we could also test these ideas that I mentioned about a role of lateral connections to actually cancel the feedback connections I'm not sure exactly how you know experimentally that could be done but I imagine this would still be something feasible if we can if we can measure what's going on on the on the path from the apical dendrite to the soma okay let me now switch to a related problem up to now the kind of implementation of backprop in the brain that I've told you about really has to do with something like static computation something that happens within like a 100 millisecond or 200 milliseconds but the way we're using backprop in deep learning allows us to train systems that have dynamics that you know enroll over much longer durations and and so these recurrent networks as we call them can learn to manage to to to predict or to produce sequences like for speech recognition or machine translation or whatever and and these are trained with backprop as well but it's a form of backprop we call backprop through time which which requires a form of computation it seems totally implausible like basically it requires storing all of the of the steps of computation of the network over time and then replaying them backwards in detail with with gradients being propagated and that sounds completely ludicrous for a brain so what are the options it's not clear yet you know humans and animals obviously learn not just you know when there's an instantaneous feedback or like prediction error but also over longer durations so one idea that we're exploring is to use an associative memory in order to to do the job so so the idea is this so let's say that you're driving your car and you hear a pop sound and you notice it but you just continue driving and then maybe an hour later you stop and you take some gas and then you see that you have a flat so so then you realize that oh the pop sound it was probably you know something that punctured my tire and I should have stopped and changed the tire okay so so what has happened there is that your your associative memory is is recalling an event that happened say an hour ago and bringing back your mental state as it was or part of it an hour ago and and now you're basically able to change synapses so that the the sort of behavior and interpretation and decisions that you made an hour ago would have been different after that change so so we implemented something like this in in simulated experiments where we use a simple associative memory at the level of the hidden representations of a recurrent net so the recurrent net in the forward phase just you know goes over time like this but at every moment in time when you get some kind of error it's allowed to recall a few events in the past through the associative memory which is just matching current state with past states and and then for those states that are being recalled you're allowed to do back prop into those states and and the way you do that is that the associative memory you can think of as like containing a prediction of the future given the past and we can which is implemented by by a piece of network and we can back prop through that piece of network on the spot and then back prop into how that that that state of the world in the past event led to actions or interpretations or whatever so so this is this is an interesting path that connects both neuroscience with memory and and and cognitive science of course and it uses a form of attention mechanism that's similar to what we've been exploring in the past so in terms of back prop just to summarize it's really the workhorse of amazing successes of deep learning in recent years and it'd be interesting to see if brains are using something analogous not exactly the same thing but that approximates the computation of gradients in an efficient way because if you look at the typical ideas that are believed by many neuroscientists that you can estimate those gradients by some sort of perturbation method these do not scale to the the size of the brain just that the amount of noise that comes up from these estimations do not scale so so we need a mechanism of efficient credit assignment and and we need to discover how the brain does that so i told you about equilibrium propagation which is an approach in which the same circuit can be used both for making predictions and for estimating gradients and how using an associative memory could potentially avoid this need for back propagation through time which which is absolutely not biologically plausible so i would just want to mention a last bit of research that we're doing that i call the conscious as prior so that connects more to cognition but also to attention and the idea is that there are things in the world that can be predicted or explained using what is currently in your you know that you're thinking about in in your attentive consciousness and and and these these pieces of information are tiny compared to what is going on in you know who you hold right it's like a very very low dimensional object which can be used to predict what's going to happen the next for example uh involving very few variables so for example you know i hold my glasses i can drop them and i can you know mentally predict that i'm going to be able to catch them and i can make that prediction with almost you know perfect certainty and and that prediction only involves very few variables like my glasses and where my hands are and the fact that i'm standing up um so compared to the full state that my you know brain is is registering about the world right now so this ability to uh describe um elements of the world using very few dimensions or very few variables implies something about the representations that the brain is building that uh the representation is not like uh like pixels where if i just pick a few pixels and try to predict a few of them given a few others it's not going to work but but with the right abstract representations i can do it i you know if i represent things in terms of like the positions of these objects and and other abstract quantities like this i can uh make very powerful predictions so it's it's uh i call this a consciousness prior because the idea is that the constraint that we we have to be able to make these kinds of low dimensional predictions uh imposes something on the representations that are being learned uh so that they have this sort of abstract um nature that we would like to force onto these types of networks so um i i realized that we're um a bit over time but i wanted you just to to get a sense of uh this this direction of research