A very good evening aspirants. I have a very good announcement for you. See as problems is nearing I know mock test is being integral part of your preparation. But still just to help you to achieve your goal Shankarai's academy is providing you free problems mock test. See the test will be conducted across 13 centres both online and offline mode and to take the test you just have to register with a link given in the description below. The test will be conducted on three different dates. First test will be on 15th of May 2022. Second test will be on 22nd and third test will be on 29th of May 2022. Use this opportunity wisely and with this positive note. Now let us get into the list of articles for today's discussion. Today's date is 28th of April 2022. So these are the list of news articles we have chosen today for the discussion. We have four different news articles. In this first news article discussion we will be discussing about how hydrogen will be an alternative for fossil fuels. Then in the second news article discussion we will be discussing about value addition tax or WAT. In this third news article discussion we will be discussing about bird flu. And finally we will end our discussion by seeing an important article regarding mehalids. So now without wasting much time let us get into the news article discussion. Today let us start our news article discussion with this editorial article. Look at this article. This editorial is with reference to India's green hydrogen policy which was released on February 17 2022. See this policy was aimed at boosting the domestic production of green hydrogen to 5 million tons by 2030. And this policy also aims in making India an export hub for the clean fuel. See the policy has also addressed several critical challenges such as open access, waiver of interstate transmission, charges, banking, time bound clearance etc. And it is expected to boost India's energy transition. Note that India is the world's third largest energy consuming country and India's energy demand is expected to increase in the coming years. So in this scenario hydrogen as a fuel holds significant advantage for India's energy independence. So this is the cracks of the news article given here. In this context we will learn about the advantages of hydrogen fuel and the challenges associated with it. Then we will also discuss about five-step strategy to harness the potential of hydrogen fuel in India. So this is how the discussion is going to be. And before that the syllabus relevant to this article is highlighted here for your reference. Just go through it. First we will see the significance of hydrogen fuel. See hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. It is lighter, energy dense and three times more efficient than burning petrol. We know that India's electricity is heavily coal dependent right? So hydrogen has the potential to replace fossil fuels and can address pollution. Hydrogen can also play a major role in the decarbonization of India's transport sector. We know that hydrogen fuel cells provides an inherently clean source of energy as the byproducts are simply heat and water. The advantages of fuel cell vehicles over battery electric vehicles or faster fueling at long driving range thereby making them ideal for long-haul transportation which is a major constraint with lithium ion batteries. So to sum up hydrogen is the most abundant element. It is lighter and energy dense and it is three times more efficient than burning petrol. Hydrogen have the potential to replace fossil fuels and can address pollution thereby it actually plays a major role in decarbonization of India's transport sector. Hydrogen fuel cells also help us a lot because they provide clean source of energy on one hand and on the other hand the byproduct of the process is simply heat and water which does not cause any harm to the environment. And finally the advantage of fuel cell vehicles is that they are faster fueling long driving range and they are ideal for long-haul transportation. These were the constraints with lithium ion batteries but hydrogen defeats all these challenges. Now we'll look into the challenges associated with hydrogen fuel. See India's hydrogen conception was around 7 mt in 2020 and according to the energy and research institute or DERI it is anticipated to increase to about 35 mt by 2050. See one of the efficient methods of producing hydrogen is using the electrolytic processes but this process consumes large amount of electricity. On the basis of this to produce 35 mt India would require a tentative capacity in the range of 192 gigawatt to 224 gigawatt of electrolyzers by 2050. But the irony is that global capacity of electrolyzers has just crossed 30 mehawatt in 2021. This means that India itself would require an electrolyzer capacity of 640 to 750 times the current global capacity by 2050. So it looks like a distinct dream for India right? Apart from the ever increasing electricity demand the high cost of hydrogen manufacturing and water scarcity could also pose a challenge. See production of 1 kilogram of hydrogen by electrolyzers requires around 9 litres of water. Therefore hydrogen project planning should be holistic and targeted in areas that are not water scarce. Now to address the challenges the author suggests a five-step strategy both on the demand side and supply side. Now we will first see the five-step strategy on the demand side. Firstly to create an initial demand adequate incentives should be given to industries such as refining and fertilizers and the industries should be mandated to produce certain quantities of hydrogen energy every year. Secondly industries which are manufacturing low emission hydrogen based products need to be incentivized by government policies. For example green steel and green cement manufacturing industries. Thirdly blending hydrogen with natural gas can act as a big booster shot which can be facilitated by framing blending mandates and promoting Hutch CNG or hydrogen CNG stations. Hutch CNG is nothing but a hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas it is cleaner and more economical. Further to promote fuel cell electric vehicles or FCEVs hydrogen fuel stations may be planned on dedicated corridors where long distance trucking is widespread. Lastly the concept of carbon tariffs need to be introduced in India on the lines of European countries. For those who are not aware to tell it in simple words a carbon tariff is a tax imposed on imported goods from countries that do not curb their emissions of greenhouse gases. Carbon taxes not only capture the cost of negative externalities but would also incentivize and encourage firms to switch to cleaner and greener means of production which would be beneficial to both the environment and the economy. Hence it would be advantageous if such a tax were introduced in India. Now we'll see the five-step strategy on the supply side. Firstly investment in R&D should be accelerated to bring the cost of hydrogen at par with fossils. Secondly sustainable alternative towards affordable transportation or SATAD scheme with a target to produce 15 mmT of compressed biogas could be leveraged by exploring biogas conversion into hydrogen. Thirdly to commercialize and scale up nascent technologies a viable gap funding or VGF scheme may be introduced for hydrogen-based projects. Viability gap funding or VGF is decided to provide capital support to PPP projects which would not otherwise be financially viable. See this fund has the effect of reducing the revenue required to recover cost and provide a financially attractive returns for the private sector. Further to secure affordable financing electrolyzers manufacturing and hydrogen projects need to be brought under priority sector lending or PSL so that the electrolyzer manufacturers will get easy credit at a low interest rate. Lastly thrust should be on reducing the cost of electrolyzers by implementing the production link incentive for PLI scheme. Know that the two dominant cost factors for green hydrogen or renewable energy tariffs and electrolyzer cost and India has the advantage of one of the lowest renewable tariffs. So reducing the cost of electrolyzers could help India become a global hub for electrolyzer manufacturing and green hydrogen. See hydrogen has the potential to completely transfer India's energy ecosystem by sifting its trajectory from an energy importer to a dominant exporter over the next few decades. With hydrogen India could lead the world in achieving Paris Agreement's goal to limit global warming to 2 degree Celsius compared to pre-industrial levels. Hydrogen could lay the foundation of a new India which would be energy independent a global climate leader and international energy power. Apart from this remember hydrogen fulfills three E's of India's energy road map that is energy security energy sustainability and energy access and according to the editorial article India should strive to seize one more E that is economic opportunity so that industries can be encouraged to its full potential. See hydrogen will certainly play a decisive role in India's net zero ambition by 2070 and in making India at my near bar in energy. So that's all about this editorial article in this editorial article we saw about significance of hydrogen fuel well then we saw some of the challenges associated with hydrogen fuel well and we saw five step strategy both on the demand side and supply side to address the challenges posed. So on the demand side firstly there must be an initial demand and for that adequate incentives should be given secondly industries which are manufacturing low emission hydrogen based products need to be incentivized by government policies. Thirdly blending hydrogen with natural gas should be encouraged and further to promote fuel cell electric vehicles hydrogen fuel stations may be planned on dedicated corridors where long distance trucking is widespread and finally the concept of carbon tariff needed to be introduced in India. So now looking at the supply side firstly investment in R&D should be accelerated secondly sustainable alternative towards affordable transportation scheme must be introduced. Thirdly to commercialize and scale up nascent technologies a viable gap funding scheme may be introduced further to secure affordable financing electrolyser manufacturing and hydrogen projects need to be brought under priority sector lending or PSL. Lastly thrust should be on reducing the cost of electrolyzers by implementing the PLI or production link incentive scheme. So with these insights now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Now for our next discussion let us take up this news article. See the news article talks about the response by opposition to the PM's remark on value added tax or WAT on petrol and diesel. The news is not important but WAT is important. So let us know what WAT is. Firstly know that WAT or value added tax was introduced in 2005 in India. It was introduced on the recommendation of the report of the indirect taxation enquiry committee 1978 which is also known as LKJA committee. So have this basic understanding it was introduced to eliminate the presence of double taxation and the cascading effect from the then existing sales tax structure. So it was brought to eliminate the double taxation and the cascading effect which was caused due to the sales tax structure. So if you are not aware about this term cascading effect a cascading effect is when there is tax levied on a product at every step of the sale. In the previous sales tax structure the tax is levied on a value which includes tax paid by the previous buyer. So the consumer ends up paying tax on already paid tax. This obviously leads to double taxation right. This was avoided by WAT. But if you remember GSD that is goods and services tax also was brought in with the aim of eliminating cascading effect of taxes and simplifying the indirect tax structure right. Then did GSD subsume WAT this might be your doubt. See GSD replaced WAT on most goods but on some goods WAT continues to be the tax levied on them. Very important point if at all there was a question in UPSC problems that WAT completely was eradicated it is a false statement it is still levied on certain goods. Now specifically talking about WAT WAT is an indirect tax. As you know indirect tax means that is imposed on someone but its burden can be shifted to someone else. So let us see how this happens in WAT. See WAT is levied on goods and services for value added at every point of production or distribution cycle. So for example take a two wheeler manufacturing of two wheeler consist of different processes right. In every process a value is added to finally arrive at that desired two wheeler right. So under WAT system every time when value is added tax is levied. So from raw materials to the final retail purchase that is sale to the consumer WAT is imposed. Here the amount of value addition is first identified at each stage and then tax is levied on the same. So here ultimately the end consumer has to pay the complete WAT while buying goods. What this means is buyers at earlier stages of production receive reimbursement of tax they have paid. This happens because the consumer bears the entire tax. So consumers are not only paying for the WAT of the entire product at hand but also for the entire process of production. As the consumers ultimately bear the taxes it is also known as a consumption tax. Hope you can understand what is happening here but here also you might get a confusion like there might be a double taxation or you might have a doubt like how it actually avoids tax getting effect. See after the first sale within the state at every subsequent point of sale the tax is payable only on the value addition. So the new value that is added to that good or service is only taxed here. There is no tax on already paid tax and all transactions take place through invoices showing tax separately. So the system is very transparent. Then how it avoids double taxation. See that tax payers will receive reddit for tax already paid on procurement stages thereby avoiding double taxation. Now know that each state has its own WAT loss for proper implementation and levying. So different states apply different WAT rates according to their implied loss. One of the major benefits of WAT is it ensures better compliance since the tax is levied at each stage. So that's all you have to know about WAT system very very important economic topic that you have to revise for your preliminary examination. Make note of all the points which I have mentioned with these learnt points now let us move on to the next news article discussion. For our next discussion let us take up this news article. The news article mentions that a first human case of a bird flu has been reported in China. Here we are talking about the bird flu strain H3N8. So first let us understand what is bird flu and we'll see few informations about H3N8. See bird flu is also known as AVN influenza or AI. It refers to the disease caused by infection with AVN influenza type A viruses. It is very contagious among birds. See these viruses they naturally spread among wild aquatic birds worldwide. Here wild aquatic birds include water birds or water fowl such as ducks, geese, swans, gulls, turns and shore birds. See among these dabbling ducks they are considered reservoirs of type A viruses but the ducks may not get sick. Here also know that influenza A virus have been detected and are known to circulate in seven different animal species or groups also. This includes domestic poultry, other bird species, swine, horses, dogs and bats. Now this avian influenza virus has multiple strains or types. These strains can be divided into two based on its ability to cause disease in poultry. They are highly pathogenic avian influenza which is also called as HPAI and low pathogenic avian influenza which is also called as LPAI. See in this LPAI is a natural infection of water fowl that may cause minimal impacts or no sign of disease in domestic poultry and wild birds. So LPAI is not a serious threat. On the other hand HPAI is a serious one as it causes severe disease in domestic poultry and therefore is associated with their high death rate. But know that HPAI is rarely found in water fowl. Other than these classification there are also sub types of avian influenza viruses based on the two proteins that the virus have on their surfaces. These two proteins are hemagglutinin which is denoted by capital H and neuraminidase which is denoted by capital N. Overall there are 16 recognized H types and 9 N types identified in birds. These are known to occur in a number of different combinations as well. Remember among these different sub types H5 and H7 are known to include highly pathogenic viruses and particularly H5N1 is a cause for current concern. H5N1 causes disease in chickens and some of the species of birds. So have this basic understanding. So far I hope you could understand what is this bird flu which is also known as avian influenza and I hope you can understand what this code H3N8 actually means.  Overall there are 16 recognized H types and 9 N types and they can occur in a number of different combinations. So one such combination is H5N1. This combination is really a very dangerous one and the news mentions another strain H3N8. So now let us know how this virus is transmitted. See virus is shed in the saliva, nozzle secretions and feces of infected birds. So when birds come in contact with these or the surfaces contaminated with virus they get affected. As simple as that this means open air markets where eggs and birds are sold in crowded and unsanitary conditions can spread the disease. Now let us see how the virus impacts the birds. See this infection affects multiple internal organs mainly the intestines and the respiratory track of the birds. Some of these viruses even kill certain domesticated bird species such as chickens, ducks and turkeys. For example H5N1 which we just saw has a mortality rate of 90 to 100 percentage. So now a question occurs here can humans get affected with AI virus? See actually AI viruses do not normally infect humans however occasionally human infections have occurred. For example H5N1 can be transmitted to humans. It happens only when humans come into close contact with infected birds that means people having job related or recreational exposure to birds can be affected. But if humans get it then it causes rapid deterioration and high fatality. H5N1 has caused the largest number of reported cases of severe disease and death in humans. The only relief here is so far the virus has not been shown to spread from person to person. Well is there any treatment available? See actually for humans treatment with flu antiviral drugs is suggested as soon as symptoms begin. It could include medicines such as osaltarmivir or tamiflu or xenamivir relenza. But remember there is no bird flu vaccine. So to conclude in rare cases it can affect humans and the news is one such rare case. It says that one human case of H3N8 virus has been detected. See as I already said AI circulates in different animal species. This H3N8 routinely circulates and can cause illness in horses and it is called equine influenza A virus. Equine means horse. As per the news the infection was caused due to the contact with chickens and crows. So it is advisable to steer clear of birds and poultry at this moment. So that's all you have to know about bird flu. In this news article discussion we saw in detail about bird flu we saw about its causes and we also saw some of the information about H3N8 virus strains. So these learn points now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Now for our final news article discussion let us take up this article. The news article mentions that a mehalith burial cluster has been excavated in Karnataka. First let us understand what is mehalith burial cluster then we'll see the news. See first of all understand this mehal means large, lithic means stone. Therefore mehalith means a built of large stone and a mehalith site means a site having large stone structures. See generally these mehaliths are huge undressed stones. These structures often throw light on building activities and way of living in the past. The one you see in this image is mehalith. In the past these mehaliths or big stone boulders were carefully arranged by people and mostly they were used to mark burial sites. So such mehalith is a grave or memorial stone. So mehaliths can be seen on the surface other mehalith burials or often underground. Sometimes archaeologists they find a circle of stone boulders or a single large stone standing on the ground. These are the only indications that there are burials beneath. Actually there are various mehalith types let me explain about them one by one. First is the stone circles. It refers to standing stones arranged in a circle or in the form of an eclipse or more rarely a setting of four stones laid on an arc of a circle. Like you can see in the image given here. Secondly dolmens. This is a type of mehalith which is a rectangular box like chamber. It is constructed with four slabs and fifth slab is used as a capstone. And third type is cyst burials. See cyst is shaped like a coffin. So it was used as encasements for dead bodies. Then comes the pit burials. It is a sepulchral mehalith that is it contains the mortal remains of one or more human beings. These are unlined excavations where the remains are buried with a variety of surface markers like kens or boulders circles etc. A cane is a human made pile of stones often in conical form like you can see in the image. And finally menhair. Menhair means single long stones placed upright. See know that often these burials have some common features in India. Generally the dead people are buried with distinctive pots tools and weapons of iron skeleton of horses, horse equipment and ornaments of stone and gold etc. Also know that the monolithic culture has no regional bounds. So it could be found in Europe, Africa and in Asia. Particularly in India it was abundant in our culture. According to NCRT the practice of placing mehaliths began about 3000 years ago. This practice was prevalent throughout the Decon, South India, in the northeast and in Kashmir. Some important mehalithic sites are Adichyanallur in Tamil Nadu and Brahmagiri in Karnataka. So make note of these points very important. Now coming to some of the important points mentioned in the news article. See the news mentions about a burial cluster excavated in Karnataka. It has been excavated at Budipadaga in Hanoor Taluk. It is near Kollegal in Chamarajanagar district. This site adjoins the Bilikiri Ranganadaswamy temple tiger reserve and Malay Mahadeshwara Hills wildlife sanctuary. There are three burial sites of different sizes at the cluster. They are in the form of crane circles or stone circle with bowlers. The largest mehalith at the site is 9 meters in diameter. One of the important features is this site is close to an ancient human habitation found in Budipadaga. This human habitation belonged to the iron age. Broken fragments of pottery and animal bones were found at this site. So Budipadaga site is a rare finding where both human habitation and burial clusters are in close proximity. Such a finding indicates continuity of a culture that existed since prehistoric times in the region. So these are all some of the important points that you have to make note of. So with these learnt points now let us move on to the next part of the news article discussion which is nothing but the preliminary practice questions. Now look at this first question. This question is about value added tax. You have to find which one of the following is not a feature of value added tax. Option A it is a multi-point destination based system of taxation. Option B it is a tax levied on value addition at each stage of transaction in the production distribution chain. Option C it is a tax on the final consumption of goods or services and must ultimately be borne by the consumer. Option D it is basically subject of the central government and the state governments or only a facilitator for its successful implementation. See we saw statement B and C during our discussion itself. Now coming to statement D it says VAT is a union subject. It is incorrect because VAT or sales tax is a state subject. VAT being a tax on sale or purchase of goods within a state is a state subject by virtue of entry 54 of state list of the 7th schedule of the constitution of India. Hence the central government has been playing the role of the facilitator for successful implementation of VAT and not the other way around. That means correct answer is option D. Option A is also correct here. It is a multi-point destination based system of taxation. So the correct answer for the question is option D. Now moving on to the second question. This question is about mehalids. Consider the following statements. Statement 1. Doll men and men hairs or mehalitic structures. Statement 2. All the mehalids or sepulchral in nature. Statement 3. Adichyanallur in Tamil Nadu and Pramagiri in Karnataka or important mehalitic sites of India. Which of the statements given above is or are correct. Option A 1 only, Option B 1 and 2 only, Option C 2 only and Option D 1 and 3 only. See statement 1 is correct. Doll men and men hairs or mehalids. Statement 2 is incorrect. See sepulchral means a small room or monument that is cut in rock or built of stone in which a dead person is laid or buried. So it actually contains the mortal remains of one or more human beings. All the mehalids that is not contained dead persons have this basic idea. They may be placed to denote a burial site as a marker. But they themselves does not contain mortal remains. And this is not the case always. Doll men and men hairs or examples of this. Doll men is an open structure and men hairs is single large stone. So the correct answer here is option D 1 and 3 only. Third statement is also correct. We saw in the discussion itself right. So here statement 2 is alone incorrect. And the correct answer for the question is option D 1 and 3 only. Now let us move on to the third question. This question is about avian influenza. Which of the following statements is correct with reference to avian influenza? Option A they are classified into subtypes based on the virus proteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Option B they do not infect humans or animals. Option C naturally spreads and affects multiple internal organs of birds. And option D both A and C. See the correct answer for the question is option D both A and C. See option B is incorrect because avian influenza it actually affects humans and animals like swine, horse, dogs etc. So the correct answer for the question is option D both A and C. The main question for the day is displayed here on the screen. Just go through the question, collect the points relevant to the question, write an answer and post it in the comment section below. So with this we came to the end of the news article discussion. If you like today's discussion hit like, do comment and subscribe to Shankarai's Academy YouTube channel. Thank you.


Good afternoon and hello from Hong Kong, first of all thanks to the Australian National Data Service and the Council of Australian University Librarians for giving me the opportunity to speak to you all today, I do hope that you find it useful. Before I start, a bit about HKBU, you can see here our University Library, the Auschwitz Hong Kong Memorial Library, we were founded back in 1956, we are one of the eight publicly funded universities in Hong Kong, we're relatively small, we're certainly the smallest comprehensive university in Hong Kong, we've got about 10,000 students spread across seven faculties in schools and about 800 faculty and about half of those faculty are expected to engage in research as part of their official duties, now in common with tertiary education systems around the world, there's increasing pressure in Hong Kong for universities to demonstrate high levels of research performance, so research is highlighted in our strategic plan, so hence interest in initiatives like ORCID, so here's my outline for this afternoon, just I'm going to talk first about the origins of the ORCID project at HKBU and what the planning of that involved, I'll then explain in a bit of detail the create on demand workflow and why we chose this method without ORCID adoption and rejected the alternative which is a create on behalf or batch creation approach, then I'll talk about the rollout, talk about how we promoted ORCID to our faculty and the support that we offer and continue to offer them and I'll round off by talking about the current status of our ORCID rollout and our plans for moving forward, so about the origins of our project, it's actually ORCID or the ORCID initiative at HKBU, it's part of a package of other initiatives that we call the research visibility project and we can trace this back to, came out of a really informal conversation actually that we had with a couple of key faculty members and our graduate school back in December 2013, so we just sort of mentioned, the library mentioned ORCID in that conversation and to be frank we didn't know that much about it at the time but our colleagues from, our academic colleagues were very interested in it, there was initial, there was an initial sort of voluntary call to sign up, that didn't have too much impact, it was very informal, the vice president for research sort of just sent an email out and said sign up for ORCID but that didn't have much of an impact at the time but as a result of the interest you know shown by our vice president for research and development, the library put together a more robust proposal for this research visibility project and apart from ORCID this included data cleanup in major citation databases, scopus and web of science and also the further development of our institutional repository. Now I apologize, at this computer I didn't have, I don't have a webcam so I wasn't able to be alongside Paul there for the introduction but I did include a photo here, you can see me, there I am on the right hand side so this is our RVP team, Angela and myself, Angela is second from the left there, we are both information services librarians in the university library and our work on this project is in addition to our regular duties and this was a bit of a challenge for us because this project has been substantially different from our usual reference and instruction work, the other two people in this picture are our research assistants Simon and Maggie who are actually recruited for this project using funding allocated by our vice president for research and they work more or less full time on this project.  We did spend a really significant amount of time planning our rollout, once we got our research assistants in place and trained by July 2014 and our Orchid invites didn't go out until January of this year so there was essentially a full six months just preparing for the rollout of Orchid. I personally think this level of planning was necessary and appropriate at least for our institution, I've heard of others who've acted more quickly rolling out within one month after the decision had been made to adopt Orchid but I personally again have reservations over the effectiveness of rolling out Orchid so quickly. We were able to be much more methodical and this allowed us to change direction when it made sense and I'll highlight a particular instance of that which is the choice of workflow and I'll elaborate more on that later. So of course the first thing we needed when planning is some clear goals for the project so this is what we set out to do at the beginning. First to a pretty straightforward, we wanted all of our faculty to have an Orchid ID. We also wanted the university to have a record of what that ID was. The last part was for Orchids to be pre-populated and this is where we saw a real opportunity to add value as an institution to the Orchid creation process because it's not strictly speaking necessary to add past publication data to Orchid. Faculty usually want this information included but at the same time, if I'm sure you've had these conversations with your own faculty, many of them are sick and tired of being asked to input data into different systems again and again so doing this on their behalf using data already held by the university was a really major selling point for this project for us. So how exactly were we going to go about doing this? What infrastructure did we need for this? Admittedly our initial conception of the project, we weren't too clear on this in our initial proposal. It was only really after we began the detail planning it became obvious that we would need some sort of internal system to organize the myriad data that we would be collecting as part of the project. So we're very grateful to the system section within the university library. They were fantastic in providing their help and expertise in creating a database to manage these data about our researchers and their publications and we call this a very creative name, we call it the RVP database. So this is what it looks like, there are basically two main sources of data. One is our personnel office, this is where we get basic information about our researchers like names, position titles, etc. The other major source of data is our graduate school, that might be a bit confusing for those not familiar with the institution. At HKBU our graduate school is actually responsible for a lot of research stuff as well. So they're responsible for collecting publication data from the faculty and they've done this for many years but they don't really do much with it, it's really just for reporting purposes so it's to report back to the research, the government research funding body in Hong Kong. So apart from that not much else is done with the data. We did find that these data were often very messy or incomplete because some faculty or usually their research assistants or administrators were all doing that independently with not too much oversight. So one major task for our RVP team was to check and clean up all that data to ensure that it's complete and accurate. So at this stage our RVP database contains records for around 420 researchers and almost 5,000 publications so that took time to set up but again I think it was essential to this project providing the necessary added value. So on to that dilemma we faced in the beginning which was the first really big decision we had to make was how to approach the ORCID account creation. This is a really crucial question to get right early on because it's difficult to change your approach once you've chosen which way you're going and the decision needs to be made before you work with the ORCID team on setting up your systems integration with the ORCID system. So our original intent was to create accounts on behalf of the faculty because one of our guiding principles for this project is to reduce as far as possible demands on faculty time. So our natural first thought was to create ORCID accounts on behalf of the faculty. I'm sorry if this photo is confusing I was looking for a photo of someone giving an ORCID to someone. I don't think those are ORCIDs but that was the closest I could get. So we wanted to offer the gift of ORCID to faculty members. So what would that approach look like? This batch creation creating accounts on behalf of faculty. So in this model the request to create would be initiated by our system which is embedded in the IRVP database. So we would make that request to create to the ORCID system and the ORCID account would be created and the account number would be returned to our database. At that point the ORCID does not go live because the ORCID system at the same time will then ask the faculty with using the email address that we provide to them to verify the accounts. And if they do not claim that ORCID within 10 days it will become public but then the institution is left responsible for maintaining the ORCID record. And there are a lot of risks with this approach. The key one being the low verification or low response rate. So during our planning phase we spoke with colleagues at the University of Hong Kong who had done this already and they had used this approach. And despite their best efforts you know in reaching out to the faculty and explaining what was happening they reported a verification rate of just 30 percent. So you know the rate was very low. And this approach can easily result in problems with the duplicate ORCIDs because the system will not be able to tell if faculty have already created ORCID IDs using a different email account. Maybe they use their personal email account to create an ORCID. So you might be creating ORCIDs for people who already have ORCID IDs. And then you have to get into merging those accounts and it's very messy. And last but not least the approach is rather passive in my opinion and does not encourage engagement with the faculty. So for most organizations ORCID themselves do not recommend this approach. They do support it. For some organizations it might make sense but it's generally not recommended. And certainly that's been our experience talking to other universities and from our own experience. So based on those conversations that we had with Hong Kong U colleagues as well as advice received from ORCID we decided to take a different approach which is the create-on-demand workflow. So here's a similar sort of diagram but with the create-on-demand approach. So there's three players in the system, the RVP database, the researcher and the ORCID system. The difference here is that the creation process is initiated by the researcher through a link that they will receive from us. So we customize a link for them and the email is sent to researchers and they're asked to actually initiate the creation process. So though there's a link in that email which I will be able to show you later in some later slides what exactly that looked like. The request to create comes from the researcher to the ORCID system. The ORCID account is then created and the account information is sent back to us along with an access token which allows us to add and upload publication information on the researcher's behalf and if the faculty doesn't change the default settings this permission is given via a so-called long-life token that lasts 20 years is my understanding so we can keep updating their record for that long. But that permission can be revoked by the researcher at any time. So once we have that permission we can upload the information to the ORCID record. There are lots of advantages to this approach. The key one being that the researcher has to be engaged in the process otherwise no account is going to be created. So without them actively verifying and saying yes I want this account nothing will be created for them. So this is a contrast to the create on behalf approach which can result in a large number of unverified ORCIDs that will never be used. The risk of duplicates is largely eliminated as well. If the faculty already has an ORCID ID they can simply sign in with their existing credentials and we will still get their ORCID ID and we will still ask them for permission to upload their publications to that ORCID ID. So I think by requiring faculty to take positive action this approach is more likely to result in faculty understanding and invest them more in the ORCID initiative. So that's just a quick overview of our setup. I'd like to talk now a little bit about how we got the word out about ORCID because faculty are always busy with their teaching, research, service activities and they'll probably not pay very much attention to new initiatives if they've not been made aware of the potential benefits. So before sending out the invitations we spent a lot of time and energy promoting ORCID and that was another benefit of the relatively lengthy gestation period that we had for this project. So one thing we did was attend a board meeting of every faculty in school at the university, not just myself but the university librarian also came along just to emphasize the senior management support for this project. We learned a lot from the questions that the faculty asked at these meetings. They made clear we're under pressure in terms of time, we don't have time for more administrative tasks. We also had an opportunity to maybe dispel some misconceptions about ORCID. A lot of people looked at ORCID, they sort of looked at a screenshot of an ORCID account and they said, well, I've already got a Google Scholar profile I already use academia.edu or research gate. I don't need another research profile system. So we hammered that message that ORCID is not another research profile system. It's becoming part of the global research infrastructure. It's being used by publishers and research funders to facilitate the scholarly communication workflows to get that message out. ORCID is not just a research profile system. Other forms of publicity, normal sorts of things, souvenirs, newsletters, information, sessions. Most of these efforts really emphasize the support of the senior university managers for this initiative. One thing I want to spend a bit of time on is the video tutorial that we created for this project because that'll give you a chance to see exactly how what this process looked like for faculty. So although the creative and demand workflow is relatively straightforward, we decided that the screencasts would be helpful and also serve to emphasize how quick the process would be and allow us to highlight the important points in the process. So this is the screenshot from the first part of the tutorial. So we emphasize there, register for your ORCID step-by-step in two minutes. It will literally only take you two minutes to set up your ORCID. We really emphasize that minimal time commitment. This is the email invitation that they would see, so that would let them know to expect something that looks like this, arriving in their inbox. Note there that it says create or connect to cater for those who already have an ORCID ID. We tried to ensure the email was not too wordy. That's a personal problem I tend to write far too much, but we did want to tie the ORCID initiative to things like the university's strategic plan. So we put the button up top, but below that there's quite a lot of additional information that we were trying to communicate. This shows the permission state. So once they click on that button, click on that link, they're taken to the ORCID system and it's clear from there, from the ORCID system that it's Hong Kong Baptist University that's asking for permissions for their ORCID account. And that option there, allow this permission until I revoke it, that's that long life token that I mentioned earlier. You can't see it too well in this screenshot. You can sort of see the first box there. In fact, this form will be prefilled with all of their information because the link, remember, was customized for them. So when they click on that link, they're taken to this form, but their name and their email address will already be filled in. And literally all they have to do is choose a password and agree to the terms and conditions and click, you know, create my ORCID account. So this is the final screen here. So the creation process takes 10 or 15 seconds. They're then given a link where they can go and view their freshly minted ORCID account to check the publications that have been uploaded. It includes only the last five years, but if they want to add more, they can ask us to. So I've given you the link there if you want to view that screencast yourself. It didn't take too long to create. We did do a voiceover for it, but in total it took me about two or three hours to put that together. And we got some good feedback on it. So I mentioned there that we would add on demand, you know, publications older than five years, you know, faculty can send us their entire CVs if they want to because our guiding principle for this project was to really save faculty time. So apart from the benefits of having an ORCID account itself, we really emphasized throughout all of our publicity efforts that this project is intended to reduce the administrative burden on faculty, not to increase it. So for those faculty that wanted to include past publications, we told them, just send us your list. Our team will add it to their ORCID using the existing infrastructure that we've set up with the RVP database. So our rollout began in January of this year and by the end of April, all of our faculty had received invitations to set up their ORCID accounts. So how did we do? Pretty well, if I do say so myself. So you can see here, the faculty uptake of ORCID at HKBU, just over 70% of our faculty have connected their ORCID accounts to our system. So it's a much higher rate than any other case that I'm aware of. So I mentioned before, Hong Kong U reported 30% uptake of their ORCID initiative. I've also read that Texas A&M reported 25%. Both of those institutions used the create-on-behave approach. And I should emphasize that these institutions were sort of disadvantaged by being early adopters. At that time, the create-on-demand workflow, I think I'm saying was not supported yet. So they were kind of stuck with that approach. But we found that the create-on-demand workflow was much more successful. I should also say that this result was only arrived at after three or more email reminders to every single faculty and in many cases, follow-up telephone calls and office visits. So we really put a lot of effort into at least getting a response from our faculty. We really did a hardcore press to get them to sign up for ORCID. And we're still working on those 27% that haven't responded yet. So we're still sending out emails, still calling people, it's summertime now, so some of those faculty will not be here. But we will keep trying until we get a response. And we do really mean that. You can see there the third category, refusals, like some faculty, maybe they were so tired of being pestered by us that they just said, no, stop talking to me about this. That's not true in every case. Many of the sort of 3% refusals were retiring professors. So they sort of came and they responded to us and said, well, look, I'm retiring this year. I don't think it's really worth your time to do this for me, which we were fine with, absolutely. A couple of faculty had privacy concerns. They didn't want their list of publications to be out there in the wild, which I was a little bit confused by because one of our goals is to make their research more visible so that they get more recognition and more citations and wonderful things like that. But there were a few like that. And some were simply not receptive to our message. So maybe in those particular individual cases, we didn't do a good enough job convincing them of the benefits of ORCID and what it could do for them. But I think everyone is gonna run into it. When you have a sizable group of people of academics, you're gonna get 10 or 20 out of 400 that refuse. And of course, this is voluntary. They're not being forced to sign up for ORCID if they really don't want one. We will mark that in the database and we will stop sending messages to them. After this relatively successful launch of our initiative, our thoughts are turning more towards ensuring that this is sustained going forward. So one thing we're particularly thinking about now during the summer is how to standardize, routinize some of the workflows that we've established. For example, how do we handle faculty that retire or leave the university? Do we need to remind them to revoke the permission or our permission to edit their accounts? How do we handle new arrivals? So we're working with personnel office on how are we notified of new arrivals? And even things, how are we notified of promotions? Cause we want to update people's position titles in their ORCID accounts as well. Another important workflow is receiving new publication information. So for our initial setup, we sort of in one big batch from the graduate school, we got the past five years of publications, but we want this system to be responsive. We don't want to just be updating publication information annually or every year we want it to be in real time as far as possible. So we're working with the graduate school and with our Office of Information Technology to enhance our internal systems so that we will receive new publication information as soon as faculty submit it to the graduate school. So we will be simultaneously notified and within a few days, hopefully, we will be able to upload that to their ORCID accounts. So then, faculty can really see that there's, oh, they're doing something with all of this information that I'm giving to them. And this is important. We're gonna keep talking to our faculty about ORCID. I really feel that having an ORCID is just the first step because no matter, despite all of our efforts in communication, they might not fully be aware of what the ORCID initiative is about. They may have one, but they might not necessarily know what to do with it and they won't really benefit from ORCID if they don't start using their account. So our outreach will continue. Right now, we're identifying services that take advantage of ORCID integrations, things like impact story and kudos that have built-in ORCID integrations. So for those research services, if you have an ORCID account, you can just plug that in and it will draw all the publications in. So for something like kudos, you can quickly import your list of publications using ORCID. And we wanna promote that to faculty to show them that this ORCID account that we really pushed you to sign up for, there are really many use cases for it. And of course, the normal things like keeping them aware of when publishers adopt ORCID. So when you submit your manuscript to this publisher, you should use your ORCID so that you're properly credited and affiliated with that output. And of course, we wanna keep talking to our faculty. We wanna hear their feedback as well, what we're doing right, where we can improve and how they're using ORCID. I've spoken to a few faculty who've started using it and that's very exciting from our point of view. So thank you very much. That's pretty much all I wanted to present. Thanks for listening and thanks again to Australia National Data Service and call for the invitation.


What's up everybody, Jason here for jasperyscasebreak.com. We just sold out another Super Bowl Square promo break, which is a brand new release from yesterday 2021 Panini Immaculate football. This is a case break six boxes Pikachu number two so Here are the customer names there. Those are the customers that bought in straight up Here's the customer names from the random number lock for Chicago, New England TV Kansas City Philly and Denver That was a pretty pricey one right there. And then we have the Jaguars Jets Cowboys Packers R&B. Here is the case. Alright guys, let's hit a monster.  We want to see better So I'm hoping this case kind of gets people excited to get into Pikachu number three four So all right, we have 55 out of 75 Luke Keekley Carolina going to Tim. We have a Chris Godwin. I think he's a free agent this year too, isn't he? Although he's out for the year this past year, but I think he's a free agent It's going to Tampa Bay, which is part of the random number block and it's 11 slot one Going to Shawn Matic Whoa three out of four laundry tag Derek Carr for the Radis Is Derek Carr a raider next year? I say no or Last year next year's is last year Three out of four for the Raiders that is going to William More Chris Godwin. Look at that 47 out of 99 one two three four five color patch man Tampa Bay probably gives you the most color and that's another one for the R&B spots seven this time Which is Eric Carlson. We have a 41 out of 99 Jamin Davis for the Washington football team Washington football team going to Nicholas and We have a double relic and autograph Jalen waddle three out of 25 for the Miami Dolphins and Jeremy with the Dolphins Nice three color patch at the bottom. All right. We have a Philip Rivers 40 out of 75 chargers It's going out young Whoa, my bow mouth Sanders Nike swoosh insignias That is a three out of five and that is a player worn game use material For my eagles fly eagles fly for the random number block spot three That is going to Robert Briggs Nice, that's pretty sweet. Well, Nike swoosh a booby miles We have Chris Johnson CJ 2k remember CJ 2k man. I think it was a beast Even when he went to Arizona he produced to 83 out of 99 for the Tennessee times going to Eric We have a George Kittle 19 out of 35 J with the 49ers two-color patch and autograph We wow What is this? Oh Honestly thought it was a sheriff there for a second, but it's Jake plumber two out of 25 Almost Almost has that crazy signature like pain manning to Broncos that is going to the RMB Which is to David Callender? Yes, there you go And we have an RPA two-color patch and autograph Three out of 99 Kyle hits when a Brody And Brody, I'm definitely your lucky charm for Kyle pits. All right, there you go. All right guys so far so far a couple good boxes Heat up even more So be halfway through the case now We have weapon X be Dawkins for the Eagles 14 out of 75 For that's going to Michael Golder We have a jumbo patch 10 out of 25 Damien Harris That is for the Patriots and that's part of the R&B zero Patriots R&B zero that is Gregory Michael Vic 10 out of 99 another one for the Falcons and Brody All-time great signatures Michael Vic You have a Mack Daddy Jones five out of 49 three-color patch in the middle triple relic Five spot five is going to Steven That's probably gonna sell pretty well. We have a terrace Marshall, Jr seven out of 88 little single color and That is going to the Carolina Panthers and Then we got a CJ Henderson for the Jacksonville Jaguar. That's 95 out of 99 Jaguars R&B Joseph with that one First hit there halfway through the case guys still plenty of hits hiding out here This one has a thick one.  I Want to see it yet One out of ten that is Khalil Mack for the Bears the Burr's Chicago Bears R&B That is spot one and Shawn Matic and it is a one of one Wow That is crazy Javante Williams for the Denver Broncos look up. Geez look how thick this is guys and it is gonna go to Shawn Matic in the one spot Very nice, I gotta go get a bigger bigger one of those so we'll put that here to the side Then we have a Jalen Darden eye black patch autograph two colors Then we have a Dan the man Marino 20 out of 49 for the Miami Dolphins going to Jeremy It's going to Jeremy and we got a Patrick Sartain 72 out of 99 for the Denver Broncos for the R&B spot to go to David Premium patch rookie autographs card number 20 Elijah Moore That's gonna go to the Jets Jets Jets Jets, that's part of the R&B Over here spot zero Jose. Not yet, man. I know we've had looks like this case is meant Well, not not too similar to what we had in the first one, but Some similar players I should say But we still have two boxes left man Got play to the whistle Good luck All right, we have a Joe mixing 17 out of 25 Cincinnati bangers when it Bennett we have a Jacob Harris 30 out of 49 for the LA Rams That is Patrick Davis We have a Amari Cooper patch autograph 49 out of 49 for the Dallas Cowboys For the R&B Timothy was spot nine And last spot mojo and first spot mojo only one that bought into that R&B straight up And that is from 2021 whoa One of one Reebok tag and Nike swoosh past and present Delvin Cook and Adrian Peterson and there's your Vikings Look at that. No Vikings until one of one though Another wow. This is like the first two Cowboys. I've seen two semi-pho Hoco patch autographs to 99 Everybody's gonna have the request now David. There you go And that is gonna go to 27 spot 7 Jose and And then we got a Kenneth Murray 19 out of 25 That's for the chargers and I can't believe it after all this time Well, this is an update I guess this is an update real girls would say how come they don't have a minute charges uniform But this is a 2020 update All right, one last boss guys. Well, hey Fit some one-on-ones today in the second case Let's keep it going guys. I'd love to do another mac of it after this guys I'm gonna I'm gonna quickly run a number block Some teams again that are remaining and let's get another one Let's do it guys Tell you guys this stuff contains some heat And this cage case so far has been a little bit better than yesterday's So if you guys are interested guys either grab team straight up that are still remaining or Like I said when I post up the random number blocks grab spots and go straight up so we can sell them out We have Joe mixing for the bangles That is gonna go to Bennett Little chargers towel josh palm up Palmer. Sorry Five out of 15. Yeah, let's see what we got. Let's end it off Something nice We have a little bow Jackson little piece of the jersey 16 out of 25 That's Raiders William Little Kenny gain well Kenneth gain well for the Eagles little color a single color patch eye black autograph 89 out of 99 For the Eagles spot nine going to Okay, two more Wow, look at that Frank Gore all-time greats 54 out of 99 For the San Francisco 49ers Jay gregs very nice And yes, the last one is a redemption could be Zach Wilson could be Justin Fields Either or who knows Or somebody else We hit a just we hit a Zach Wilson in the last case so So rpa. So that's a true rpa rookie patch autographs car number 103 Justin Fields, there you go And that's gonna go to the random number block spot zero Gregory So that's a true rpa Justin Fields R&Bs didn't be bad today. Look at that Chicago R&B with the Patriots not too bad.  Kyle Pitts rpa Kittle Jaylin waddle Derek Hart three out of four tag and of course the big jumbo pigskin Denver Broncos, Javonte Williams 101. So all in all guys, I think this case was definitely much better Let's definitely Get number three going. I think we can top this case So if you guys can buy your team straight up, that'd be the easiest way to go But if not, I'm gonna random number block figure team number three right now before I start the next break And let's try to get that going guys. So we are down to nine left. Still some teams guys that aren't too too pricey I know everything's about a couple hundred dollars now, but Like I said, 250 for the Broncos available there. You have a $300 Eagles team there But I think everybody else of course is going to be like three four hundred dollars like the Packers and we have the Jets Chiefs So if we can rmb this up, I think this might be the best way to go about it So get your spots right now before I round a number block it and if not get your spots to number three so Now what I'm going to do guys is the customers that bought in straight up Will uh have an opportunity To get into the promo so only the customers that bought in straight up Only the customers that bought in straight up Uh, what is part of the promo David? And remember this is a one Super Bowl square promo break.  I'm hoping that just sells out straight up Stopped plenty of time, but yes, I will if I need to all right cool. Appreciate it guys. Jasper's case breaks.com


Hello, from UC Berkeley where we are incredibly excited to share in the news that for the second consecutive year, a member of our vaunted faculty has been awarded the Nobel Prize. Professor David Card, who was recognized by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for his contributions to labor economics, has been awarded the 2021 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. They'll be sharing that award with Joshua Angrest and Guido Inbens, who, coincidentally, was also a member of our faculty from 2002 to 2006. I'm Roque Montez, Director of Communications with UC Berkeley, and I'm joined today by Chancellor Carol Christ, Rocker Ray, Shakar Zareev, and of course our honored guest, David Card. I'd like now to turn it over to Chancellor Chris for introductions. Thank you, Roque. Today I'm so delighted to be sharing our wonderful news that Berkeley Professor David Card has been awarded to the 2021 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel for his contributions to labor economics. This is the sixth Nobel Prize that has been awarded to UC Berkeley's acclaimed Department of Economics. I will shortly turn over the podium as or to Rocker Ray, Chair of the Division of Social Sciences and our College of Letters and Science. Professor Ray will introduce the Chair of the Department of Economics, Shakar Kareev. The science of economics and the work of Professor Card has shaped our understanding of the most critical issues of our time, wages, immigration, the value of higher education, and gender and race disparities in labor markets. In the words of members of the Nobel Committee, Professor Card's work has improved our understanding of labor markets and completely reshaped empirical work in the economic sciences, challenging conventional wisdom. This last part, challenging conventional wisdom, is part of Berkeley's DNA. It's what happens in our classrooms and laboratories. It's what leads to inspiration, discovery and new knowledge. It's what sets Berkeley apart and what makes this place the most exciting place to work and study. And it is what leads to the kind of recognition that we're celebrating today. Professor Card's Nobel Prize is the 26th awarded to UC Berkeley faculty members. As Chancellor, I couldn't be more proud of Professor Card and his colleagues in the Department of Economics. And you may know what's coming next. Yes, Professor Card, in addition to your Nobel Prize, and indeed because of it, I'm pleased to award you a highly coveted parking space near your office, a rare honor bestowed on UC Berkeley's Nobel Prize winners. I've been told that like many Berkeley faculty members, you actually ride your bike to work. So let me see how we might go about creating a special place for you to park it in. I'm now delighted to introduce Professor Rocco Ray, Dean of the Division of Social Sciences and UC Berkeley's College of Letters and Science. Thank you, Carol. It's a source of great joy and pride to the to the Division of the Social Sciences at Berkeley, that David Card has won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences this year. For the economics community at UC Berkeley, this is a wonderful acknowledgement of the contributions made by the faculty at this great public university. The inequality has polarized the country, not just economically but socially. It's fitting that Berkeley, an institution known globally for being at the cutting edge of progressive social and economic research should yet again be at the forefront. His work has addressed the four most important economic issues of our times, the minimum wage, skills and wages, immigration and school quality. His work in the 1990s on immigration and the effects of the minimum wage on employment ran counter to the then common sense understanding of these issues. And his revolutionary thinking was buttressed by his use of natural experiments and his deep belief in the power of economics as an empirical science. Dave is not just a great scholar, but a great mentor and institution builder. Let me now turn the podium over to Shahar Kariv, the chair of the economics department with a final word of congratulations to David Card for this momentous award. Thank you, and congratulations Dave. So Dave has built a field of labor economics and Berkeley and has his fingerprints on all other fields of the department. I can say that above all he's just a delightful colleague is intellectually honest is tough minded but flexible when he needs to be and is ready to give advice on others work as to accept it on his own. Dave loves his work it shows and it's contagious and his independent thinking always leads him to the fundamental issues, no matter what the subject is really. I can also tell you that Dave is our teaching ninja. He is he has an outstanding engaging and inspiring teacher and has a remarkable record of advising and mentoring that is legendary not only at Berkeley but in the entire profession. After our PhD students awarded him our best advisor award in 2000 2002 2003 2004 2009 and 2010 I don't I think I'm not missing any year Dave I'm sorry if I do. They decided to adapt and no repeat rule to allow some other faculty a chance to win the award, but it is now common knowledge in the department that Dave is essentially permanently recognized for this award. What I always find even more remarkable is that Dave has set himself up as a mentor to the large and diverse pool of Berkeley undergraduate students, of whom many headed to graduate school in economics mostly through Dave's inspiration. David we really feel privileged and honored to be your colleagues and friends. Congratulations. The floor is yours as always. Well, thank you Carol and Raqqa and Shahar for this very kind introduction. I don't have too much to say I I feel like my career has been greatly benefited from so many people, my teachers, my students, my colleagues, the support of my wife. So, so many people have helped me along the way that I am not entirely sure that I should be the one person that singled out for for an award. I want to say that there is a couple of people that that were extremely important in my, in my background. One was Orly Aschenfelter who was my advisor, one of my first co authors I continue to work with them we just finished a paper last week. Orly was really instrumental in in setting up back in the 1980s, or even into the 70s. Kind of a revolutionary change in the way economists do research and I've really benefited from the inspiration that he provided. The other person I really have to mention is Alan Kruger who was my co author on many papers, including the minimum wage paper that is cited and by the Nobel Committee and also work that we did on school quality and on racial inequality and other topics. And I'm sure that if Alan was still with us that he would have been sharing the surprise of me. So it's, I think I just have to bring that up. I can also say that being at Berkeley has been. I spent the first half of my career Princeton, but moving to Berkeley has been a great source of rejuvenation for me. We have an amazing set of graduate students and undergraduate students and great faculty. And there's a continuing flow of new ideas and new people and people that are enthusiastic and really want to learn and to try and push the frontiers in many different directions and I've really benefited from that, and hopefully been able to help a few of them move a little bit further along and push the field and that whatever direction it's going to go in the future. Thank you Professor card. And before I turn it open it up for questions I'm going to turn it over to my colleague Kara Mankey who's got some housekeeping rules. Kara. Thank you. My name is Kara Mankey I'm a science writer UC Berkeley. Congratulations again to Professor card and welcome to all the reporters who are joining us on the zoom call and everyone who is streaming on YouTube and Facebook. So I asked that all the reporters please keep yourselves on mute. If you have questions, please submit them to me via the chat, and I will call on you to unmute yourself and ask the question that you have for David card. I will also be dropping in a link to Google drive folder that we will be updating throughout the day with additional photos and video for you. So to get us started. I have the first question from our Berkeley's own will cane. David you work with so many graduate students, what will you tell them about this award. And what does it mean for young academics to have their mentors and instructors recognized in this way. I'm not exactly sure I haven't given that any thought really. I guess it's, I think that people doing research. These days in economics is much more like a many of the scientific fields and that people are part of a big team. And oftentimes there's almost a lab like environment. And so people can benefit by being part of the team and for having a victory for the team so I guess I would say that think of this as a victory for the team. That's wonderful. We're also wondering if you could maybe explain a little bit about your research and some of the impacts that it's had. Well, I think that probably the thing that the Nobel committee was thinking of was the idea of trying to learn about society and economic forces in society and the way people interact and so on. From observing disruptive or unusual events and trying to infer from those events, something about the way that our models are informed. And so one example of that is this particular study that they mentioned that Alan Kruger and I did looking at the effect of a minimum wage increase. And it's actually incredibly simple methodology. Essentially, there was a, we were living in New Jersey and in the early 1990s, the New Jersey legislature decided that they were going to raise their minimum wage. At the time, nearby state Pennsylvania just literally a couple of miles away from Princeton had no such plans and so it sort of set up what we thought of as a quasi or natural experiment situation. There'll be a set of employers on one side of a state border that have to raise their wage and a set of employers on another side that don't otherwise business conditions, people are kind of the same. And so we developed that idea and did a kind of a collection of data from before the minimum wage went up and after and reached our conclusions and I think at the time the conclusions were somewhat controversial. Quite a few economists were quite skeptical of our results. I believe Alan's favorite phrase that we were accused many times at that time you may recall there was a kind of a scandal about a research program called cold fusion. And we were accused of doing cold fusion economics many times. But anyway, the thing that I think has really influenced the field is more the idea of looking for these pivotal events, or things that have happened that could potentially inform our theorizing and understanding of the world. Another example of a project that I did around the same time in 1980. Fidel Castro released a whole bunch of people from Cuba and over 150,000 of them eventually ended up moving to the United States, many of them staying in Miami and so I studied what happened in the Miami labor market, compared to other markets that had been fairly similar to the families in the period before this mario boat lift. Again the same exact idea of a simple analysis of a disruptive intervention or experiment. These days people call those things natural experiments. And I think the Nobel committee, especially pulled that out. And they they also in their award for Joshua Angus mentioned exactly the same kind of an approach in a project he did with Alan Kruger. And that's probably what I'm best known for is that pushing that kind of idea to try and learn about the world. I have done and I, many of my students have done actual randomized experiments as well and of course, that's often the gold standard for evidence and something that should be thought of and tried and these days many, many economists are doing such experiments. Several years ago, a team of development economists, one Nobel Prize for that line of research which is closely related to the stuff that I do mostly. Professor card a lighter question. I read somewhere that you thought that today's news wasn't actually a joke. Can you tell us a little bit more about that. Yeah, I have, I have an old friend. I met in ninth grade English class. When the teacher threw a book at him and hit me by accident. And he, he's the kind of guy who would pull the stunt. And he messaged on the answering machine that it was somebody from Sweden calling it two o'clock in the morning. So I thought, for sure, that was him. His name is Tim. But then the phone number actually was the Swedish phone number so you know if you punch it in your cell phone says that number's in Sweden so then I thought well maybe it isn't. Fantastic, fantastic. What are your plans for the rest of the day, Professor. Absolutely that is. I received a very large number of emails from friends and students and colleagues and people I've met and well wishers all over the world and I've been trying to answer them as best I can. That looks like that'll be a lot of a lot of the day.  Kara have any questions come in. You're, you're on mute. Sorry about that. No, we haven't had any questions come in I think. Oh, I just had a question come in. Andres, Sakala, would you like to unmute yourself and ask your question. Yeah, sure. Thanks. First, congratulations. And second, the question is how do you think the research at it and the methods you used are relevant for today's situation in the US and in the world. Research builds slowly and our understanding of the, you know, of the labor market or any economic phenomenon is always evolving. And so at any one point in time, a particular piece of research may have some influence. But a lot of times it takes many, many years and a lot of rethinking of how that evidence actually either confirmed or contradicted existing wisdom, for instance, in the minimum wage study. I think the main thing that's really come out of that, contrary to what everyone thinks. Is not, you know, that we should raise the minimum wage necessarily, but it's rather a focus on a different way of thinking about how wages are set. Alan and I, in our subsequent to that project in our book we, we spent quite a bit of time discussing the idea that employers have some discretion in setting wages, not necessarily a lot in some cases quite a bit in some cases not much. But that idea is now really taken off and it almost 30 years later it's taken for that to happen.  So I think the oftentimes we can't see precisely what the ramifications will be of a finding. Students get a little discouraged if their results are they seem to be pretty interesting and no one really cares and I always tell them well you never really know for sure. Sometimes a result will take some time to be fully appreciated. Van Gogh never sold any paper paintings in his life so you know he's, you want to take that as a, as a, as a possible, you know, way to think about your own work. David, give a question from Andrew questioner Andrew Kessner from market watch Andrew would you like to unmute yourself and ask your question. Hi Professor Andrew Kessner market watch congratulations to you. A follow up on that other question but more specific to this political moment right now on Capitol Hill. What do you think lawmakers, policy researchers advocates everyone should keep in mind about your research in these ongoing debates on things like, you know raising the minimum wage either at the federal level or state level, immigration issues, and so on. And even if it's not conclusions then approaches to to the issues. Yeah. Um, well I think in the in the area of the minimum wage there's been just an enormous amount of research in the last 25 years, following the work that that I did with Alan Krueger. Not just in the United States but in other countries. And I think I'm re evaluating that evidence and thinking about it carefully and evaluating the whole thing from a more scientific you not from an ideological point of view I think is helpful. It could be useful but I'm not particularly optimistic that views on topics like the minimum wage or immigration. The simple kinds of things that economists bring to the table and the kinds of knowledge that we can bring are not necessarily the whole story. It's fundamentally if minimum wages go up even if there's no employment effect. It's still the case that employers have lower profits, and so employers may say well we need our profits. So, you know, there's fundamental trade off between workers wages and employers profits and that isn't really something an economist can. We can say what the trade off is but we can't really say which way you should come down in that trade off. I have a question for you. So, in economics like many field is is a constantly evolving. How do you see the field of economics evolving in the years ahead and where should today students and early career faculty try to push the field. The field is becoming much more empirical. When I was a graduate student, I would say, seven eighths of the course work and the concentration was on theoretical ideas and methodologies and these days. Most of the active research is is an applied side and that's been made possible by things like the availability of massive, sometimes, virtually the entire universe of data for a given topic like you can now get access to the tax records for all the workers in many countries and allows you to follow workers as they move between jobs and allows you to address questions that were really inconceivable. 20 years ago even. And so definitely there's going to be more empirical work related to that is this one can see very easily. If one looks at what people are doing the rise in large team projects that often involve many, many researchers over many, many hours with the teams of undergraduates and graduates as assistants and then assistant professors and maybe some full professors, much as you would see in a large science lab where there's a long stream of effort required to get a project going and then it requires many, many bodies. So that's, that's happening in economics and it means that people have to carefully think about what team they want to join, to develop experience in many different aspects of the field, maybe move between teams, much more the kind of careers I think that you see in the natural sciences. Kind of a related question from a different colleague of mine. Why did your colleagues in the 1990s find your work questionable and how has the field kind of evolved to, to understand it a little bit better. Well, economics, historically is it was an introspective field so someone would develop a set of hypotheses from introspection about the way that things worked and it's oftentimes when people are developing introspective models of the world. They get mistaken between what they, you know, what could be true and what they wish was true or what they think should be true. So it often inadvertently starts their theorizing starts to pick up kind of a one could think of it as an ideological bias which comes about from the set of particular simplifications they want to make for their theory versus another theory and anyway the reigning theory of the way labor markets worked in up until fairly recently. And to some extent even today says that given employer has no no discretion in what ways they set each individual worker essentially faces a market wage. And the employer simply says all I want to hire that person I'll pay them this wage that's what they required in the market I want to hire that person. Okay, now in the other fields of economics for instance the field of economics that studies pricing of gasoline or pricing of groceries. They no longer think like that. They haven't thought like that for 30 years but the labor economists being kind of a conservative bent to small C conservative bent wanted to stick with kind of what you might think of as 1920s thinking in a way. And so our results really make a lot of sense are my findings in the minimum wage for instance. And to some extent also on immigration make much more sense in this world where employers have a lot of discretion and what wage they set. They don't make much sense in this old fashioned view and so the reluctance of people to give up on that old fashioned view really said that. So, an old friend of mine said my first co author was a person named john about is now that chief economist at the Census Bureau, and john once said at the end of a seminar well once again the theory has tested the data and found the data wanting. So they were, they were thinking about it along those lines. Professor card was this ever a prize that you imagine you'd receive analogy have it. What do you do for an encore. No, I would. I don't think. I don't normally the Nobel Prize in the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics is awarded for methodological innovations, at least in the past. And so someone like me who really doesn't do a pure methodological research but does. The standard research would not normally be someone that would be even any presumption that that kind of work would be something that the field would recognize with a Nobel Prize. I suppose I've got quite a few papers that are overdue I have a table I've been working on the last couple of nights and I'll be working on that table probably as soon as I get some sleep. Thank you. Karen any other questions. I know other questions at the moment. Okay, having said that then why don't we, for the next couple of minutes, at least, Professor card if there are any sort of closing statements or comments that you'd like to make that would be fantastic. Leave the floor to you. I said at the beginning I'd like to again reiterate that, you know, my, my, to the extent that my career has been successful it's really building on the on the contributions of so many people, starting with my wife who's been tolerant of long hours and many successes and many forgotten events on my part. All of my teachers and all of my, and also also all of my colleagues and co authors who've, and graduate students who've really been a source of inspiration and to me so I, I guess I would end without thanking them all for all the great help that they provided me over the years. Okay, thank you. Well, on behalf of a Chancellor Carol Chris, Dean of social sciences rocker Ray chair of department of economics, so car, my colleague Kara Menke, and of course our honoree David card, I am okay Montez, and I thank you all for being with us this morning and once again, David card congratulations to you. Thanks for being with us. Thank you.


Hello again, everyone. The theme of this KubeCon Cloud Native Con is architect your future. When I learned about the theme of the conference, I immediately decided this was going to be my topic because I've personally experienced and witnessed how this community has helped shape the professional journeys of so many people. One of the wonderful things about KubeCon Cloud Native Con is this is a conference where we celebrate not only the technology, but also the power of the community. And this community has been instrumental in launching numerous carriers, helping people level up their skills, and helping them get technical leadership roles through their impactful contributions. In my role as a co-chair for this conference, I have the incredible opportunity to meet so many contributors, get to know them, and be inspired by their personal journey. And I'd love for you to experience that too. So today, I've asked a few of our contributors to share a little bit about their personal journey, how they contribute to the community, and one pro tip that we can all benefit from. So now we'll dim the lights and play the video. Hi, my name is Divay Dalhazi. I'm a developer, advocate, and KCD organizer. I got into the Cloud Native community just last year when Chris, the city of CNCF, Shady, KCNE, Boucher, the open source community Africa conference, I studied root certification exam, and I was drawn into the world of Cloud Native, and since then, I've never looked back. Though I have a background in electrical engineering and back-end development, I do not contribute code to the Cloud Native community. I contribute documentation, I write technical articles, and also I speak at conferences. I really enjoy my work in the Cloud Native community because right from high school, I've been involved in public speaking, and I loved it. And also, before going into code, I had newsletters and I was writing something that I loved doing. The Cloud Native community have given me the opportunity to do what I love doing, right, and also go technically. Pro tip to anyone getting involved in the Cloud Native community is to reach out and ask specific questions. People in the Cloud Native community are very approachable and I can measure a lot of people that have reached out to that helps me. So this is my pro tip, reach out, ask specific questions, and yeah, you will go. Hi, I'm Kasper, TNTF ambassador, community leader of Cloud Native Nordics, co-chair for KubeCon, Cloud NativeCon 2024, and I'm super excited to be part of that awesome team of co-chairs. So we were adopting Kubernetes back in 2016 and Lunar, and we needed someone to share our experiences with. So I created this local meetup group in Ohus, the city that I live in. It's a city of around 300,000 people and it really took off. We found a lot of great like-minded people that were on the same journey that we were on. So that was super great to share our experiences with them. Since then, we've had over 50 meetups within this Cloud Native Ohus group and it's just been amazing to be part of. This has since also evolved to a larger meetup alliance across the Nordic countries, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Iceland called Cloud Native Nordics. We really tried to help each other across the Nordic countries. My contributions has mainly been no-code contributions. I've done a few PRs here and there like docs and stuff like that, but I run and organize meetups in Denmark primarily and help facilitate the different groups around the Nordic countries as the CNCF ambassador and part of this meetup alliance, Cloud Native Nordics. We are currently putting the final touches on the first ever Kubernetes community days here in Denmark. It will take place on November 14th, so just right after KubeCon. I'm super stoked to be part of this amazing event and this amazing group of organizers. So what is my pro tip? There's so many ways to contribute to this awesome ecosystem. My advice would be find the one thing that fits you and go full speed in that direction and stick to it. Hi, my name is Nikita Ravanath. I'm a Kubernetes maintainer and I'm a member of the CNCF Technical Oversight Committee. I got started in the community as an intern and over the years have gradually grown up the contributor ladder. Just looking at the impact of the code I write and the people I mentor and how life-changing all of this can be, that's what keeps me going on in the community. My one pro tip for y'all would be to help the maintainers help you. Go attend the maintainer track sessions, do your research and ask very specific questions and I guarantee you that you'll have a smoother experience in getting started. Hi, I'm William Ritso, lead architect consultant at SUSE. Beside organizing KCD events and CNCF meetups in the Netherlands and doing my day-to-day job, I do enjoy writing code and documentation. I've recently attended the Zero to Merge Court where I've got an absolute buzz where my first PR got merged. At the same time, I've joined the CNCF Tag Environmental Sustainability where I wrote and donated tooling code. One pro tip I have for aspiring contributors is don't be afraid to make your first step. It doesn't matter how good or bad you think you are, I guarantee you your offer to help will be welcome and you will receive valuable feedback that will motivate you to go further and further with your contributions. And who knows? Maybe one day you will see contributors for your own project. Ciao. Hi, my name is Kailen Edwards. I am a member of Kubernetes SIG Security and an infrastructure security engineer at Shopify. How did I get started with this community? In 2022, I attended my first KubeCon in Spain. It was lovely and while I was there, I attended a SIG security update. I was immediately taken aback by the passion and kindness displayed on the stage. And from that moment, I knew I wanted to get involved in Kubernetes. I set myself the goal to become a Kubernetes org member within a year by the next KubeCon actually. And I was able to do that and in doing so, I was awarded one of the contributor awards for SIG Security, which felt amazing. And I've been with them ever since. What is it that I do in the community?  Primarily, I work with SIG Security. I'm also a CNCF ambassador. What I've been doing lately is a lot of this kind of stuff, outreach, talks at KubeCon, community days, any kind of security conferences internally at my company as well. And I work with SIG Security docs. I really like making sure that Kubernetes security information is discoverable and well-documented for any users out there. Why do I enjoy doing this? I enjoy doing this for a whole bunch of reasons. The biggest one being that I found my people when I started contributing to open source. Everyone is so kind and smart and I just have the best time working with them. On top of that, it's been a really great opportunity for me to grow my own skills, working with tools and technologies outside of the ones that I'm exposed to every day at work. What is one pro tip encouragement that I would like to offer? Go to the meetings, turn your camera on, introduce yourself, pick up little tiny issues, contribute any way that you can, review PRs, whatever you can do to show up and keep showing up and let the community know that you're there is going to make a massive difference. It's really important that you remember just because you might not have as much context or knowledge as some of the long-time contributors, your opinion is super valuable and often fresh eyes are exactly what we're looking for. Thank you so much. Devine, Casper, Nikita, William and Kailin. I also want to thank Priyanka Sagu and Dimms for sharing their insights on this topic with me. By the way, did you all notice that we dropped a hint about the new co-chair who will come on board studying KubeCon Paris? Yeah, you did. If you did not notice, that's okay too. We'll keep the suspense a little bit longer. Just one more day to go and tomorrow we'll invite them on stage. All right, so coming back to the video, I'm super inspired every single time I watch it. What personally stands out to me is while these contributors come from very different backgrounds, there is one common thread that unites them all. Each of these contributors have experienced personal growth and development through their involvement in the community and they continue to give back to the very community that has nurtured them. So now let's look at why you should consider contributing to community projects if not already. I like to call it the joys of contribution. First is learning from the best. Great projects attract great people. By contributing to these projects, we have the chance to learn from the best and the brightest minds in our industry. Their expertise will inspire us to push our boundaries and enhance our skills. I personally believe that peers and mentors play a significant role in developing our craft. And like Kailin mentioned in the video, you will find your people here. Next is about solving problems together. Open source projects bring together people from all around the globe. Working with individuals from different backgrounds and perspectives enhance our communication skills, collaboration skills and our ability to understand and appreciate multiple opinions. And sometimes it teaches us how to convince others that our approach is the right one while also respecting their opinion. And other times it's about that humility and empathy and understanding and appreciating why a different approach is the right choice. And all of this collaboration and the conflict resolution and navigation creates better overall outcomes for that project and our community. And the next is establishing our reputation. Contributing to open source projects is a very visible way to showcase your skills and demonstrate your impact. It's a fantastic way to establish your reputation and pivot your career in exciting new directions. And last but not the least, let's be honest, sometimes our day jobs can become monotonous. Contributing to open source can be a refreshing break allowing us to work on projects that truly excite us and reignite our passion for technology. I often get asked how to choose an area of contribution. And here's my straightforward way of thinking about it. Consider areas related to your current work. This greatly reduces the learning curve and allows you to leverage your existing knowledge and context. It's a great way to deepen our expertise while being able to have a meaningful impact right away. If that's not an option, look for projects that align with your personal interests and prior experience. And like William mentioned in the video, when you work on projects that you're truly passionate about, your motivation and dedication will shine through leading to a more fulfilling contribution. And if you're still discovering your area of interest, that's okay too. Casper provided us with a very useful reminder. Remember, open source projects are not about code contributions alone. You can contribute through documentation, design, organizing events. So draw on your expertise and find a way to just get involved. And I promise you that before you realize it, you would have found what interests you and you will also meet so many contributors who will help you navigate the path to your next contribution. After getting involved, how does one grow their influence in the community? Building influence in the community may seem like a daunting task initially, but it is a natural progression that will happen over time. And here are some tips to accelerate that progress. First is consistency. Kalin talked about this. Keep showing up and consistently do good work. By actively participating and contributing regularly, you establish yourself as a reliable and a valuable member of the community. Help other contributors, your willingness to help them and your dedication to contribute will not go unnoticed. And this one is important. Embrace new opportunities. Opportunities often come knocking when we least expect them. So always be open to exploring an opportunity and be ready to seize that opportunity if it interests you. Whether it's a chance to review a PR, whether it's an opportunity to lead a CAP or speak at a conference, embrace these moments and let them propel your career forward. Before I end, I do wanna thank James for putting together the VDL, featuring our contributors. You will see his magical touches throughout KubeCon manifesting in the various videos that he helped put together entirely voluntarily. Thank you so much, James. And I'll end by my presentation by saying, please remember that there are so many ways to architect your future right here within this community. Embrace the opportunities, contribute passionately and watch your career soar to new heights. Thank you for your time.