Go to dailytechnewshow.com slash life and watch the show Churros, let's be what bring your own churros B. Y. Oh churros B. Y. B. Y. O. C. I had a gingerbread man yesterday And that made me happy because I like gingerbread. Oh, I do too.  Yes I said I had a sandwich would you say the same thing? Oh, yeah, but there's no man in sandwich There's a witch like I had a man witch All right, that's maybe the best almost time for the show moment I've ever experienced Anyway, it was a very delicious cookie Made by a man made by a man a ginger man I always feel bad eating them.  Yeah, that's why that's how I feel you want to do it like a saddam son Where do you start with the feet first? Screen now am I Dreaming or was that a real like children's story like the gingerbread man? Run run gingerbread man. Yeah, you're right. I totally forgot about that Run as fast as you can and I think that was sort of like Is it the fox or whatever that gets him because he was riding on its back, I don't know I don't remember enough about it only that like there was something really morbid about the whole yeah So the whole thing about fairy tales and nursery rhymes and like that is because I've watched those Shrek movies They're kind of twisted in with the way they did the movie where yes, John Lithgow's characters torturing the gingerbread man slowly Okay, Sarah, could you read the cold open today? I could but will I will you? Yes, I will Not that's we're supposed to yeah Well, I needed to check if she was capable first then once we determine that Physically capable and willing. Oh Sorry vine tube update boop boop boop. He wrote me back. He said I got pranked. He's somebody No Fake Sent him that image. Yeah. Well, no, he got he got an app through what's it called again, Tom test pilot That's pilot that is just a funny bologna app because you don't have to do that through the app store You can send something just loads and then it was like a John Cena thing and it was fake. All right. Well now We know yeah All right Ready Sarah Lane. I am three two Daily tech news show is powered by you to find out more head to daily tech news show dot-com slash support This is the Daily Tech news for Thursday December 6 2017 from DTNS headquarters in Los Angeles I'm Tom Merritt and from studio feline at the beach. I'm Sarah Lane. I am Scott Johnson from the coldest It's been this year so far.  That was this morning You were actually out of roof this morning. We're trying was by over We are going to dig into the idea of Bitcoin and how much power does it use and is that bad for us in a little bit? But let's start with a few tech things you should know HQ the trivia app announced on Twitter that its app will come to Android on Christmas Day December 25th The app has tens of thousands of players a day sometimes more despite being limited to iOS currently Number seems low. Doesn't it? Tens of thousands. I've seen hundreds of thousands anyway, I have to I think they're averaging that's But I know they must be over time research firm Magna reports it estimates 209 billion Dollars that's billion with a B spent on digital advertising in 2017 41% of the market passing up TV for the first time which revealed 178 billion in spending for 25% of the ad market TV ad spending grew slightly but digital grew much faster Yeah, really bad news for print. This is what that is But that's a milestone passing TV ads for the first time and Google is using machine learning in pivot tables on Google sheets To suggest pivot tables it can make for users who don't know what pivot tables are Based on the data in the spreadsheet No more having to go to your pivot table guru for this anymore and those who know know that that's a real thing It also has the ability to answer natural language questions So you could just write how much revenue does each product category generate and it should be able to give you an answer Great, this is huge for people who use spreadsheets. I'm just saying I'm sure it is but it's enough to I mean I needed a nap later anyway, so I want to thank you for that particular article All right, I mean I use spreadsheets every day and I'm still not sure what any of this means but Sheets have always been a mystery to me ask your local spreadsheet guru Now here are some more top stories Scott Microsoft has made its stylus friendly collaboration tool whiteboard Out and available for public preview the app allows real-time sharing of drawings photos and graphs on any Windows 10 system Any Windows 10 user can download whiteboard, but to save work to the cloud You're gonna need a Microsoft account and to collaborate with a group at least one member must be an office 365 Subscriber so there are two caveats there I'm actually pretty excited about this because I think whiteboard in its various incarnations It has been really cool And this is the first time where I feel like people get some actual practical on the ground use out of it All right Well, there's more good news this time coming from Amazon Amazon Prime videos Apple TV app is now rolling out to Canadians folks in the UK and the US and several other regions across Europe Prime subscribers can sign into their accounts watch Amazon Prime exclusive TV series and a collection of movies, of course The app can play Amazon's 4k video and also hooks into Apple TV Recommendations the app users can also tell Apple TV's Siri remote to search for Amazon content from inside the app as well That's a nice touch. I downloaded it first thing this morning. I took it for a spin. It plays videos Yeah, no, it was the only reason I regularly used my Roku Not that I don't like my Roku, but just because I didn't feel like switching back and forth everything else is pretty much being done on my Apple TV at this point. So All the mall in my house, I spent a lot of time air playing When I when I'm specifically needing something from them And then I forget I'm doing that and use my phone for something else to look up something And while something's playing and realize I'll know I've interrupted the playback and everyone in the room is like What's going on and so this will be a nice way to get that content not worry about it But it does feel like a hell froze over moment a little bit They seem like we were never gonna get this and that old feud who just fester and fester but Finally, yeah, I think Tim Cook originally announced. Hey, this is happening about six months ago So I guess they you know within the year they made good on there. They made it. Yeah with weeks to spare. I I Think this is going to be huge because of that part about Amazon hooking into the TV recommendations app I have found myself going from being skeptical saying I don't see why that apps any good To using it regularly because of the things I'm watching on Hulu for the most part But other things are showing up there as well And now that Amazon is going to show up there if I start using Apple TV to watch Amazon Which I do for for lots of shows Suddenly I'm going to be relying on that to tell me what to watch I'm going to forget what services I have and I have found myself forgetting that I was watching things on Netflix because Netflix isn't yet Plugged into that TV app. So that's another interesting aspect of this. Sure Yahoo holdings and Yahoo owner oath if you remember Verizon by Yahoo Then combine Yahoo with AOL and named the new combination oath So oath filed a complaint against Mozilla last week alleging an improper termination of an agreement between Mozilla and Yahoo Mozilla has now filed a cross complaint claiming oath Yahoo Had a breach of contract themselves Mozilla announced it would return to Google as its default search provider when it launched the Firefox quantum browser back last month mid-November and They get to do that apparently according to recode the Yahoo Mozilla deal includes terms That says if Yahoo is acquired by anybody which they have been then That company would be required to pay Mozilla annual payments of 375 million through 2019 Even if Mozilla decided to walk away from their deal which Mozilla would get the right to do because of a change of ownership So Mozilla is saying we didn't like the terms that Verizon was bringing to the table through oath We walked away. Contra says you have to pay us cut and dry So if you sue us, we're gonna sue you right back According to this recode article, this was something that Marissa Mayer as CEO of Yahoo had, you know brokered this deal back in 2014 and You know, it was the sort of deal where you kind of go like that would be a bummed deal for Yahoo If it got acquired by a company that Mozilla isn't, you know, real crazy about But that in 2014 Yahoo didn't think this was going to happen So it was it was terms of a deal that have now, you know come to fruition and nobody's happy Yeah, I guess I have a question about that dollar amount $375 million just to Direct your browser to them as the default search engine. I don't know why that seems like such a wildly Disgusting amount of money. It was a revenue guarantee So the way it was supposed to work was Yahoo would never be acquired by anybody who would how would that happen? And so we will guarantee to pay you three hundred seventy five million dollars in revenue share No matter what the idea being we'll probably end up paying you more than three seventy five but if somehow the deal is so bad that it goes below three seventy five we won't pay you less and Also had this other implication of I guess if you walk away the deal because of change of control You still get the three seventy five for nothing. Yeah, well, they took an oath. So Mozilla didn't take the oath They rejected the oath and Now Verizon would like them to keep the oath. Yeah, there you go Well, if you're looking for a new place to work Perhaps you'll be interested in a new study from Glassdoor Glassdoor released its 10th annual employees choice awards Which ranks best companies to work for for the following year So this is for 2018 and Facebook has topped the list. In fact, it stopped the list again It ranked number one in 2011 2012 2013 and this year 2017 Airbnb didn't make the list at all this year, but it had the number one spot in 2016 Google was 2015 Twitter was 2014 And the list is based on employees who provide feedback to Glassdoor on their job Work environment and company via an anonymous survey and you know, just so it's not like five people from facebook Say and this is the best and and and the results being kind of skewed Apparently Glassdoor will only release the survey results after 1000 unique people have have provided anonymous data And I always look at this survey With the idea that if you were going to say something on Glassdoor anonymously, it's probably more likely to be negative than positive That's usually the way as people who have a complaint are more motivated to go Air that grievance than people who are like, hey, I think things are good Uh, so I think it's a big achievement to win this list. Also They put out the list For the next year. So facebook is the company to work for in 2018 Count going forward 2011 2012 2013 2017 so they they're on a roll here, although they missed a few years in there Uh for another year and this year, it's not just the tech top tech company. They're the top company company, right? Yeah, these are you know, I mentioned tech companies and and their rankings, but yeah, this is like Best company, you know again, according to a sample size of employees, but Knowing a lot of people who work at facebook or have worked there in some capacity over the years Um besides, you know, the luxury buses of shuttling people around and the fact that you do work on a big campus Whether or not that's your thing Most people I know have had, you know, pretty pleasant things to say about comfort of working there Good cafeteria, uh, you know I feel like I should disclose that my sister-in-law my wife's sister works for facebook But then I feel like i'm in danger of anything I say after that reflecting on her An opinion for which I do not know Right, uh, I would just give a quick shout out though to our friends over at blizzard entertainment They made number 28 on the list So uh, well done guys nice job one of the few video game companies on here Yeah, uh, it's funny that airbnb and twitter both pretty recently Uh at the at the top of these lists and now not on the list at all either one of them apple also I believe fell like 50 spots. It's in the 80s Yeah, I I believe that glass door Made this top 100 companies and it was like top 50 in the past So technically apple wouldn't have made the list either except that now it's there are more I think the craziest thing is that yahu is number 65 Yeah, well Yeah, oh It's still a better place to work than apple According to this ranking. So I don't know take that as you will Cantor world panels latest ranking of china's phone market shows some stability in the rankings Used to be from quarter to quarter You'd see a wholesale change in first place to fifth place new entrance popping up old entrance falling out But we're starting to see the same faces And for q3 the top five are huawei, xiaomi, apple, vivo and apo And the other indication that it's stabilizing is they now account for 91 of the market That's up from the top five accounting for 79 percent of the market at this time last year So it is consolidating huawei generally dominates the urban market Apo and vivo are focused on the rural retail market putting retail shops out in rural areas xiaomi still leads in online Though they've been staying in the top five by adding more retail presence as well So they're sort of straddling that world and apple's kind of locked up the luxury market If you're looking for that premium phone, it's an aspirational model. That's what apple is doing Interestingly samsung off this chart 2.2 percent. It's not that they're not in the market They just aren't doing a good job of selling in china I wonder why that would be like seems like samsung has got if if anyone's got the um the momentum the sort of I don't know what to call that, you know, they're kind of killing it everywhere else Why why they're struggling or not doing as well in china is uh strange to me I expect honestly of all these names I expected apple to be at the bottom just given the fact that it's Primarily, you know american centric and maybe european centric company and it didn't seem like Things would go well for them like it doesn't for microsoft in japan for gaming or You know some of these other companies just struggle in certain territories But seeing samsung way off the chart is is weird.  This is this could be entirely wrong I could see samsung Not being able to capture the luxury market for whatever reason and that and and they are a high-end phone But also not being able to capture the android market because Huawei Close to being as good of a phone as samsung, but at a cheaper price and a local company They could be caught in that mushy middle there where they they just kind of can't get any traction with any of these sectors Yeah Hey folks, if you want to get all the tech headlines each day in about five minutes Be sure to subscribe to daily tech headlines dot com It is a way like five minutes or less. You're up to speed every day Don't have to feel bad if you miss an episode of dTNS because you stay up to date You can get it as a podcast on the amazon echo as a flash briefing on the google home and in the anchor app Go subscribe. Enjoy. And that's a look at our top stories All right, so yesterday scott you tweeted out A link to eric holthouse's article Uh bitcoin could cost us our clean energy future. It's not Uh a bad article. It's on grist.org But it it sort of takes some things as facts that are in a bit of a dispute So going from these high estimates of the amount of power it causes to mine bitcoin He then makes the argument that this could be bad for the climate It could be bad for sustainable energy Because it's going to make the power grid unstable So I went and looked around to find some good articles that really dug into how these estimates are made How much do we know about bitcoin mining? And I I found the good one If you want the short version of today's show go read wyards nicole kobe We have a link in the show notes. She has an article called how much energy does bitcoin mining really use It's an excellent article If you're wondering, okay. Well, why does bitcoin use a bunch of power at all? The simplistic version Is that computers When they mine bitcoins have to solve difficult math problems So so you you work and work and work to solve this math problem part of the result of that math problem Is the creation of the blockchain that allows everybody to have the ledger of who transacted what and if you're the first computer to solve it Uh, then you get the coin The faster computers solve the problems The harder the problems get to solve in order to keep the pace of new coins on a regular pace of issue, right? That means more powerful computers are needed in order to mine coins But it never really like speeds up the process No, no the idea is to keep the process like there's a bitcoin every so often and that's it Uh, and so if bitcoins are worth a lot of money and they keep going up in value Which they have been then you spend more money to throw more computer power Which then speeds up the processing which then makes the math harder to slow down the processing and keep the pace all right So back when I first started toying around with bitcoin in 2010 you could mine it on a desktop computer Uh, you can't can't do that anymore. Uh, in fact, you pretty much Why can't I understand that it's gotten more difficult But why couldn't you just do it and it would take a really long time because you'll lose I mean, yes, you can mine. You'll never Mine a coin because someone with these higher dedicated machinery Will always yeah It's like elon musk is there with his boring company and his giant thing that's digging through miles of of mountain and you're there with The company called boring and not really actually boring And you're just kind of like whacking at it with a with an ice pick and it's taken forever Yeah, that's a good analogy. Uh, so you need this dedicated machinery You need these high-end server like machines.  They're educated guesses, which is why i'm not coming down on on poor, uh, not poor But on eric holthouse at gist. He's just using a set of estimates But these estimates are hard to pin down digiconomist Is is the one that a lot of people point to it Frequently uh are currently estimates that around 3.4 gigawatts Are used to mine bitcoin However, several cryptocurrency folks who are fans of cryptocurrency dispute the accuracy of the estimate A 2014 irish researcher, uh, carlo dweyer and his fellow researcher david malone Estimated between 100 megawatts and 10 gigawatts total being used for bitcoin back then malone now estimates It's half a gigawatt He he he's changed his estimate in 2015 researcher has makook pinned it at 120 megawatts A 2016 paper in the international symposium on computer architecture said the power used by these server farms They're called asic computers Uh and purpose built data centers of specialized mining equipment Is somewhere between 300 megawatts and 500 megawatts So the ranges that all have Justification for how they're estimated are between 100 megawatts and 3.4 gigawatts So it's either uh, it's actually cheaper. It's it's super it's super easy to mine or it's real expensive. So As the mining gets more efficient the coin gets more valuable miners throw more resources at it Raising the difficulty and the methodology that you change that you use to estimate that changes annual electric consumption in The world Is 2.3 terawatts If you estimate if you just look at okay, here's here's the number of coins being mined Here's how difficult it is to mine if you used standard cpu's if if you said yes, everybody's using a standard desktop computer to mine You'd calculate 450 terawatts as what's being used even though only 2.3 terawatts are world used worldwide So that's of course not happening uh because We don't see that much power being used So you have to estimate a range of hardware and that's where the guessing comes in How many people are using these high-end a6 servers if you estimate all of them are using these power efficient a6 servers That's when you get that really low estimate But the fact of the matter is nobody's actually that efficient. Some people are using less efficient machine Although digiconomist Uses a cost method as the price of the bitcoin rises They sort of estimate how much would it make sense to spend on your machinery in order to make a profit Yeah, I mean that's my question is like okay if I was in the position to Open up a server farm dedicated exclusively to bitcoin mining. I was going to take it really seriously What is my upfront cost? What is my like monthly management cost? You know against getting a bitcoin and whatever bitcoin's value is by the time i'm done problem with that method is that Some people may be acting irrationally and assuming like you know what we think it's going to just keep going up So spend it all for the most efficient machines you can get other people may not be that attentive and just like You know, we know we know we're running hot You know, we're not we're not perfectly efficient, but whatever just just keep using the machines We've got so you can't really get a good estimate that way although it is an educated guess So the the whole bitcoin thing in general can tend to have a little abstraction around it and people have a hard time Myself included Completely getting their heads around it and understanding it from top to bottom and how it works and all this diversity You've just described in hardware and power consumption adds to that abstraction I had an experience very much though on the ground with a friend of mine up the street. His name is zane and he Built a server to do nothing but mine bitcoin all day And he has an array of eight high powered video cards where he has configured it to use those gpus to do the number crunching and everything else and He told me his electric bill went up $300 a month because of this single Computer which doesn't actually calculate my head because I don't know how it's using the much power But the point is you also have in this mix of abstraction People with maybe some actual experiences I would be so cool if somebody listens to this show Who runs or maintains a server farm? Where this is happening all day and what you've been faced with from a power perspective Because I think it's interesting at some point though. You have to wonder if everybody started bitcoining Mining for bitcoins and we all had a little piece of hardware To do this That that has to have some effect now whether it ever Does anything the 2.3 terawatts that we currently use as a as a planet? I don't know But I find that I find that fascinating because it seems like it's going to be it seems like a really tricky number to find Yeah, and and this is the problem. Uh, it certainly uses a lot of energy. Is it a danger? It's almost impossible to say If you pick just a point in the middle of the range, it's not a danger. It's just electrical intensive And it's certainly not the only electricity intensive industry we have For instance, herald franken associate professor at netherlands open university Thinks that bitcoin probably uses between 0.8 and 4.4 kilowatt hours per year Uh, and and he's on the low end. Remember digiconomist thinks it's much larger than that But he says look compare that 4.4 kilowatt hours, let's let's use the high end of his estimate compare that to the 138 kilowatt hours per year used for gold mining and recycling Or the 11 kilowatt hours per year used for paper notes and mining coins There are other monetary instruments That use a lot of power to maintain themselves and us data centers consumed about 70 billion Kilowatt hours of electricity in 2014 Uh, so just running normal data centers that that power search engines and netflix streams and all of that Uses a lot of energy too Yeah, I mean I I bet there's all sorts of things we could start questioning ourselves about how much energy if you could quantify it does it take to Run netflix every day and have everybody consume that is that worth it? Is that more important than power consumption savings? Like you can get into a real i don't know if they'd call it a moral argument but you can talk a lot about priorities and um come up with a lot of A lot of perspectives on what should be You know what should consume what power and what shouldn't so I don't know why Why this should be any different other than it's kind of controversial and new and weird to people and You know that'll all that'll all come with time. Well, I think a lot of people rightly just say look, let's be careful Let's not oh get over exuberant on on the one hand Let's not get over exuberant about a market that might crash and end up be worth nothing Let's also not you know waste a bunch of power and get ourselves in a bad situation Either by just stabilizing the grid or affecting the climate or whatever For something that doesn't end up being worth anything so it's worth paying attention to I wouldn't panic about it It also I mean just the conversation we just had about wattage and what does it cost and well It depends on who you ask and you know what their machines look like and no wonder everyone on my facebook feed is like cryptocurrency Let's talk about it. What is it? Yeah? Yeah, there's a lot of fun. It's like the more you unpack it the more you're like Oh, there's a lot of levels to this. Yeah cryptocurrency. How does it work a new spinoff show on dtms? Hey, thanks to everybody who participates in our subreddit You can submit stories of vote on a daily tech news show dot reddit.com if you got a blog post about your cryptocurrency mining operation submit it there Also our facebook group facebook.com slash group slash daily tech news show. Let's check the mail bag Sarah Let's first email comes from daniel. He's chalky in our chat room And he says he's cold and miserable in the uk. Sorry to hear that Just wanted to add some context to the childish bickering between amazon and google It's worse than watching our british mp's members of parliament Daniel says this is double standards take apple right apple doesn't allow casting of apple music and video as far as i'm aware on Chromecast either they pulled all the nest products from the apple retail stores because they don't support home kit And don't sell chromecast either yet. They're still an official youtube app available for apple tv and ios Surely if it's good for one company, it's good for the other right? I don't see google selling amazon fire tv's in their store either google needs to pick up their toys and get back in the pram in the end it hurts consumers and leaves a bitter taste even more Than it hurts amazon i'm not going to go out and buy a new 4k streaming box Just so i can watch youtube especially not a chromecast ultra because i have to use a separate device It isn't practical for my less technical partner and doesn't integrate with my harmony remote setup Especially when google could just throw attention with roku et cetera at a moment's notice I mean chromecast works with my harmony, so i'm not sure what he means by that but the general principle is taken which is These these this is a spat and we lose But that that's who ends up losing you know if google's in a spat with amazon apple's been in the spat with google Apple's been in a spat with amazon they partially make up here, but not there nest products aren't on sale at apple stores or amazon Right now because they're all in a fight with google even though nest isn't google anymore It's part of alphabet which is the parent company google. It's just a mess and it just makes it inconvenient for us Yeah, so uh, I would remind people that nintendo had a fight with amazon that resulted in a lot of gnashing of teeth by fans I forgot about that games there, but could not get hardware there And now that's resolved why because it switches a giant seller and amazon like a little taste of that So this stuff tends to come around, but these are two monstrous companies having it out at our expense and it's a little annoying yeah All right, uh charles is the next person We have an email from who wrote in to say I decided to up my pledge From the nickel backers, uh, which is the production assistance to the quarterbackers the associate producers So a couple of nickel backers who had to drop are now covered. Thank you charles So if you had to drop your pledge recently, uh, because you hit some financial difficulties charles picked you up Uh, thank you charles. He says I don't make as much as I'd like But I have enough blessings in my life that I could share a few So thank you for the insight that this show has added to my personal and professional life Oh warm and fuzzy holiday email Yeah, thanks charles Uh, and also thanks to scott johnson with us every wednesday scott. What is going on in your life? Oh, you know Lots of things, but i'm only gonna tell you everything start from the beginning I'm gonna tell you about one and one only. Uh, no, here's what you should do if you, uh, Find me at all interesting when I come on here on wednesdays and you're thinking what's the scott guy all about? Well, you can find out at frockpants.com where everything I do is linked there all the shows I run other shows with tom in fact Uh, I do a morning show. I have video game shows. I have all kinds of stuff. There's art linked there Uh, so go check it out and uh, follow me on twitter if you are uh bored and want to hear me ramble It's at scott johnson on twitter If you want to be like charles, uh, you can back us on patreon. We've got perks for all levels There's a an exclusive rss fee that includes extra bonus content from before and after the show There's also a slack channel at upper levels. There's a weekly column from me. It's all available at patreon.com slash dts Our email address is feedback at daily tech news show dot com We're live monday through friday at 4 30 p.m eastern 21 30 utc at alphageek radio dot com and diamond club dot tv Thanks to everybody who joins us live, but of course you can listen and watch after the fact as well Our website is daily tech news show dot com back tomorrow with justin robber young talk to you then This show is part of the frog pants network get more at frogpants.com Diamond club hopes you have enjoyed this program I hit the wrong button there. Yeah, it sounded all right Why did melania trump just email me? Oh, I mean she didn't personally email me. She's like, hey, sarah. I've heard from you You've been chosen as one of our top supporters to receive a chance at the first batch of official 2018 republican national committee calendars Oh, very nice Uh, and then I wish the subject line was help Okay. All right. So i'm not getting political. I'm just saying that's political It's a little bit political, but it's real political. Okay.  Oh, I feel I it's weird. I have a 365 day I have a perpetual calendar that my grandma made Uh in the 70s and she was it was in hanging in her house above the dining room table for years and years Uh, and then when she passed away, I got it and I you know, I've used it And I keep wondering like do I need to keep updating this like do we even need a calendar? But every once in a while I find myself looking at it because it's there But if it wasn't there, yeah, I'm not sure I need it I mean the and there's you know, for a long time I really did, you know, if there was something that needed to happen The calendar was hanging in my kitchen wherever I lived was always in the kitchen You know and you write it down and then you're looking at it all the time At some point I got away from that and now it I can't imagine doing it that way again Because I'd be like that's just another place. I got to write something in I'm already doing it on You know, I all my other calendars my digital calendars, but Anyway, so no Melania, I will not Don't need a calendar. Thanks though. It's not about you. It's about the fact that I just don't want don't need a calendar. Thanks. Bye I I like I use a calendar, but I can't have any of the ones that are fancy, you know with the Pictures because I write over everything so I need Like a lot of white space to write Like if you had all those kittens, you'd just be defacing It's like, you know doctors appointments pay this bill There's white space It's on the side of my fridge real big No, I I do I it's I have I wear glasses for a reason. I'm I'm I'm glad you guys take amusement at physical decisions. All right, settle down Like a political by your eyes. All right, let's get political about the titles Yeah, what are we gonna call this show the matter with get it watts. Oh, I like this one already. Good work, friend What is that pivot table? Watts watts The matter with bitcoin Yeah, what's up. Oh got it. Yes. Very good. Uh sheets pivot pivot table sheets pivots pivot tables Tom has spies everywhere mozilla has altered the deal boring bitcoin More watts than answers with bitcoin Um, the real cost of bitcoin about 1.21 gigawatts 1.21 gigawatts Watts the buck bitcoin Get our start talking with scott about bitcoin again It plays videos. I like what's what's what's what's the matter with bitcoin? Yeah steam stop taking bitcoin because they're like, we don't know how to price things right now because it keeps going up So we're stopping that too volatile Maybe they should accept gold ooh Back to the golds digital gold standard steam steam returns to the gold standard You can only buy steam downloadable content with gold Yeah You know, I would expect some genius out there to figure a way to stop taking bitcoin two days later steam announces new cryptocurrency steam coins The steaming gets your steaming pile of coins right here Steaming pile Is that your steaming pile song? Yeah Based on another song So what's the matter with bitcoin? I'm guessing that's seems to be the unanimous favorite It's the banana favorite What's the matter with bitcoin? So can you can what can you do with bitcoin? Well, it it holds value. Can you eat it? Well, it holds value. Can you drink it? It holds value Same thing with a dollar bill What can you do with a dollar bill? I could burn it For warmth warm Yeah, and you can do the same with bitcoin by mining it keeps your whole house warm all those servers Unless you're using one of those efficient asic servers. They're rebooting uh war games. Sorry. Just saw this Yeah, they're rebooting the computer from war games When you like to play a game No, it's uh 80 this says here war games reboot teaser the 80s hacker movie gets upgraded as an edgy interactive series Series. Yeah, I don't know about that. Well, there was a war wasn't there war games too? Like it was really bad though. I don't remember. It was like a Not starting at your project or anything. No, no it was like a straight to video. Yeah, really released It was really bad. I just didn't make any sense The first one didn't sort of make sense either, but I don't think I've seen it since it was you know a new movie And I know at that age. I didn't really understand what I was watching anyway I know it was like about computers and it was dangerous I remember my cousin claims his elbow is in the movie war games because he worked He worked at the air force base where they shot parts of it. Oh, it's funny.  You'll see my elbow. That's so funny Where was it shot? Uh, it was someplace in or where was he anyway? I think he uh, well I think he was in Missouri at the time. He was in a bunch of different places I get it. The college campus or somewhere that they were Yeah Now he worked in a in a nuclear Facility like a nuclear weapons facility He wasn't one of the guys with the keys or anything See this is I don't even remember the movie No, I know you shouldn't play games when it comes to war the keys thing is just how nuclear weapons, you know how they Games the whole idea was that they would have computers decide when to launch the missiles instead of people And then the computer gets out of hand because which one time a computer said that missiles were being launched at the united states And if we had followed protocol, we would have launched in response. It turned out that computer was in error And because someone said I don't think this is right and didn't launch them. We didn't have nuclear holocaust And I believe that was the inspiration for the movie Yeah It's disturbing as that happens more than once in real life That didn't have a happy name like whopper for the computer Colossus That's a good one fate sealer judgment machine And it just turns out to be like a pocket calculator a graphing calculator. Yeah, yeah, well honestly Yeah, a pocket phone is more powerful than those computers that were running the nuclear system back then Back then they still run them now Did you see that whole uh whole thing? They they're actually keeping the old systems the ones that and not not the big floppies that are like five and a quarter But the super big ones that were like eight inch Floppies is because it's like well, there's no way to hack this because it's so old which is good Yeah, I need an 8088 processor Oh man, so you run out of experts that know how to maintain those systems Because nobody uses them anymore We need a guild the guild of the ancient computer sysadmin Oh man Can we wear robes and hoods and all that? Sure. Okay our guild. We can do whatever what However, it probably goes out of business when someone learns to make a compiler that automatically translates Wait a minute. Has someone started the guild of podcasting? I don't know Uncasting guild we should look into this Maybe we should start a guild. Let's do a guild. I could be I want to be in it. Yay. Yeah. I think we're the founding members right here. Yeah, I think this is it We are the forefathers Do we get to have an award show like all the other guilds do? Um, yes We don't make it public with a red carpet on e for four hours before the show starts It needs to be very dan brown very secrety and stuff. That's what I want. No, we're yeah We're gonna be dan brown. We're gonna be all about the the the secrecy But we are gonna have the awards and the red carpet. We just won't have the ceremony or tell people who won We'll have a ceremony, but it won't be as uh as uh Brash or as expensive because you know what no one wants to watch The the the people you know the acceptance speeches and the long waits. They just want to watch the good We'll just have the good parts Yep The fighting the back talking the stuff they do on stage Oh, I love uh award show season We're getting there Uh robes award shows. What else do we need for our guilds? We need we need uh harp music Harp music Yeah, harp enchanting like I don't feel like our guild is a harpy guild Like a gurgorian chant Like what we like when we enter the the mon we'll call it the monastery, but it's just an awesome Those are two different things harps and gurgorian chants, but we can we can have both Well, you would you wouldn't play you wouldn't play them at the same time. What would be ambient music other would be ceremonial music That's for the red carpet as people are going down the red carpet A harp is a very it really sets a mood, you know, it really does. Yeah, and that's it's it's great Good harpist wonderful, but uh Um, I think we need a lodge Not a black one, please. No, no, no. I don't want to be in there. Nope me either. No bob wet lodge. Yeah sweat lodge Yeah, hey, can you get us some cheap mountain real estate there in utah where we can build our lodge? Well, it's those cubes it used to be but yes All right. Well, that's what about all that's recently freed up land. Is any of that cheap? Yeah, well, wait, are you a fracker because we can get in easy if you're maybe Maybe our guild could engage in some fracking. Yeah, let's get some fracking if it gets us the land We'll look into that people not political at all. No Uh, and and not fracking for oil. I'm thinking more like Battlestar collect Well, wait a minute. We'll call it fracking uh for oil, which is someone's name We're uh, we're fracking all fracking great That's what we are We'll have uh, we'll have a hash browns in the Sausages for hors d'oeuvres Where did that come from? I don't know. Roger has very specific ideas about this guild. Yeah Harps, green chants sausage browns and sausage for our derbs at our fracking site So it turns out like the entire like the entire cafeteria is just basically a denny's Where did where did we have a cafeteria? We will you need a cafeteria.  We'll call him denny And we'll call him denny and it'll be denny's kitchen So, uh, and he can have moves over his hammy. Yeah You have to explain it to him It's starting to feel like a nightmare. Yeah, okay like the shining Fine we'll find the robes could be bath robes. Everyone can walk around the bath robes giant No, why no, we just it's not what we want get dressed. Please guild members Why are you saying that is if you're giving in on a point like, okay, fine You guys could have your but nobody's at once bathrooms No one wants that.  You're right.  I think we could end the show. Thanks everybody for watching. Bye Bye


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How are you? Good to see you. Good to see you. Good to see you too. We have of all 50 Seabrie's Salutes of Spirit of Young America Award winners. We're very honored to present you and your husband with this award, the Spirit of America Award. And we're very honored to be in a presence today. And the determination, dedication, leadership, and courage have been an inspiration to us all. I don't know. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. No, I'm not incorrect. I think I want to do that. Right? Yeah, something else, please. Oh. I think that one, we have another thing here. This is a postcard signed by the 11 representatives of the 50 winners. Oh. Thank you. You're welcome. I'll tell him. Okay. I give him 11 kisses. Thank you very much. Very much. And my husband, thank you.  I'm very, very proud of you. Very, very happy to have you here. Thank you. Thank you very much. Pardon me. I'm pregnant. He has five? He has five? He's all recovered. He's all recovered. He's going to be seven and six tomorrow. Isn't that great? What are you planning for? We're going to have two couples in for dinner. What are you going to do? Secret. A big birthday cake. Pardon me? A big birthday cake. A birthday cake? Sure, of course. What's the birthday cake? A birthday without a birthday cake. Pardon me? Is your husband feeling well enough to do a whole press conference? Talk to him. Have you seen him in a while? Well, you've seen him? We've seen him. He's not had an opportunity to talk to him in a while. Well, he has been cooperating, you know. I don't answer any questions. I don't know anything about a press conference. No, I'm just curious if in terms of his recovery and his recovery, whether or not it's gotten back to a point where he can resume the kind of contact with the press, even in photo opportunities, that sort of thing, that he hasn't been doing in the last few weeks. Didn't I see some photo opportunities the other day in the paper? We've seen both photographers. I'm not a photographer. It's not important here. Oh. Yeah. We heard you. That I was actually in the reporters? No. You wouldn't do this. You know that's not so. You're here. Who is holding him back then? Is it the doctors? Is it Mr. Reagan? Who might it be? Well, I don't know that anybody is holding him back. There was a recuperative period that he went through. Everybody has to go through. As a matter of fact, there are people here who got through the same thing. And they went back too soon and got into difficulty. He's had the feeling, though, that he could deliver the feeling from the reporters. Well, that's incorrect. Does he not want to talk to us? Oh, he's dying to talk to us. And he says, I'm just dying to talk. And the last thing was going to go to bed at nine. A few weeks ago, in fact, there had to be a period where the president withheld his comments on the Orion contract there. Still, certain things came out. One of those that you mentioned was the Senate intelligence committee before. That's now out. In terms of what you were saying before, is the way now clear for him to comment on? See, I'm really not. Honestly, not the person you should talk to about this. It's my understanding that the Senate committee or the Senate report isn't completely out. Is that info? The intelligence committee reports out. Of course, the other committee goes off. Yeah. And the Tower Commission will be out on the, what, 17th? 19th. 19th. 19th. That's all I know. I don't really know anything about what. Well, I'm just curious if he was waiting until, say, the Tower Commission or some specific point in time. Well, I think, yes, I think he would, as I said before, that he would rather that all of this get out before he makes any kind of comments. That he thinks that's the most responsible thing to do. Do you think, Joe, that the House now, in terms of being part of all the stories that we're getting in the scandal? Not what do you think, though. Intellectual. Well, then that's over the hump. Well, you don't know what to do in hand. No, you don't. Which is a good reason for him not to, you know, save him. Well, the peeps and valleys that you told us. The peeps and valleys, yes. The peeps and valleys of all of our lives. He's just waiting for everything to come out. He wishes everything would come out. Tell us a little bit about the approaches in 1976. Last month, of course, there were a lot of stories that came to that he might have lost a step that he might be slipping as he ages. How did you feel about those stories and how do you think they've been put behind him now? I felt they were ridiculous. And anybody who's been in some meetings with him lately would tell you the same thing. Mrs. Reagan, there's been a lot of staff changes. I just got out of the White House. How does he view those? Well, Mr. Casey was ill. Mr. Carlucci was there because of what happened. So you can't, I mean, I think they've said, people have said there have been a lot of staff changes and they've not taken into account that one man was sick, one man was let go. And Larry had this great offer. But still, I think there's sort of a gap. I know that there are gaps. No, it doesn't even have a gap because it's been filled in. Frank Carlucci is there. Gates is there. Somebody will be there. Larry's place has been filled. I mean, there are no gaps. What about Don Reagan? Are you expecting him to stay on? Come on. I don't know. I don't know. Has he shared all those notes with you or any of those notes that he takes? No. No. Thank you very much. Do you keep a diary? Do you keep a diary? Sometimes. Thank you. Thanks, please. Thank you. I should have left and had you all question them. Oh, you did? Of course, you were wondering why you were going to come. Goodbye. Thank you very, very much. Goodbye. We're going family tomorrow. Pardon me? No. No, no, my favorite. My favorite for the drug problem. No, tomorrow we celebrate the birthday. Because we won't see him. We wish him a happy birthday. Gee, I'm glad you miss him so. I think he has. I think two or three. Have you been looking at that house again? No, I've looked at it a couple of times. You don't like that one? No, I like it. I didn't buy it for us. And we made it. I'm so looking. Thank you again.


Hello everyone and welcome to the session on MAC protocol. Myself, Mr. Mettigarh SM, I am working as assistant professor in computer science and engineering department at Walton Institute of Technology, SolarPore. Now let us see the learning outcomes of MAC protocol. At the end of session, the students will be able to identify different types of protocols and applications of each protocol. The students will be able to identify different types of protocols and implementation of each protocol by using client server concept. The agenda of this MAC protocol, about MAC protocol, channel allocation problem, the channel allocation problem can contain two different parts that are static channel allocation in local area network and metropolitan area network. Third main point is multiple access protocol. The MAC is a sub layer of data link layer and it is a one of the sub layer or one of the part of vice reference model. The MAC is responsible for transmission of data packets to and from the network interface card and to and from the other remotely shared network. The main basic function of MAC is to provide the address mechanism and channel access so that each node available on the network can communicate with each other and nodes available on the same network are different network. Next one, channel allocation problem. In the channel allocation problem, the users would have to allocate the different channels before going to transmit the data from one station to another station. Based on that only they have given two types of channel allocation problem, static channel allocation in LANs and MANs. In the static channel allocation, previously this concept they are using in telephone trunk for transmitting the data from one station to another station. If there are n number of users or that means the bandwidth is equally divided and distributed to n number of stations. By using that divided bandwidth, each user can transfer the data from one station to another station. The good example for this one is FDM, FDM is Frequency Division Multiplexing. It can be used for allocating the where the bandwidth is equally divided among different number of users. When the number of senders are large, then the user may face a traffic problem. It means here we have allotted only 10 number of users for transmitting the data. It means if the user want to transmit a 20 number of users, it means then that time the user may face a problem of traffic. Then that time the user should have to store the data in a buffer. The buffer can be used for temporary storing the data. When there is only a small and constant number of users, each of which has a heavy load for traffic, FDM is a simple and efficient allocation mechanism used to transmitting the data. Second one is dynamic channel allocation in LANs and MANs. In a dynamic channel allocation, here we won't fix any fixed number of users to each and every channels. Based on that only they have given different key assumptions. That first one is station model. Station model, the station model may be a computers or any communicating devices. Here there are we have to check out the station model and then how we have to transfer the data from one device to another device. Second one is single channel assumption. Here the only one single channel can be used for communicating. All the stations can be used single channel for transmitting the data from one station to another station. Collision assumption, if they are used more than two stations are simultaneously transmitting the data from one station to another station, it means the collision may occurs. To avoid that collision we have to go to the next point that is time. In this we have to use two types of times continuous time and shorted time. In the continuous time we won't use any digital clocks for transmitting the data. If the user have the data then suddenly they can transmit the data in a slotted time. They have to make the slots for transmitting the frames from one station to another station. Where the time is divided into discrete slots. Based on that only they have given two types. First one is a carrier sense, second one is no carrier sense. Before transmitting the data from one station to another station the station how to sense to the next station. If the next station is busy the current station how to wait. If it is free then he can to transfer the data. If it is not sensed then the data or frames may be collapsed or collision may occurs. No carrier sense. Here without sensing to the next station the current station can directly send the frames. The frames may collide. How to avoid that collision? It is there in next topic. This is the topic for think and write. The think and write phase can contains one question that is the least the difference between static and dynamic channel allocation. Now pass the video and think about the question and then answer the question. Answer for think and write is static channel allocation and dynamic channel allocation. First point in static channel allocation is it can form static and then compile time. It can be dynamic channel allocation performed at run time or dynamic time. It can be assigned to stack, it can be assigned to heap. The static channel allocation must be known at compile time. Dynamic channel allocation must be may be unknown at compile time. Static channel allocation first in last out. Dynamic channel allocation no particular order for assignment. The static channel allocation it is best if required size of memory known in advance. The dynamic channel allocation it is best if we do not have idea about how much memory requires. These are the difference between the above question. Now can go to the next topic that is Aloha. In the 1990 the name of this scientist Abraham and his colleagues they have find the new and elizant method that new and elizant method we can call it as Aloha. It can be used for solving the channel allocation problem. There are two versions of Aloha are there, pure Aloha and slotted Aloha. The basic difference with respect to timing is in pure Aloha does not requires global time synchronization in a slotted Aloha we want global time synchronization. The system is working as follows if the user how to transmit the data then they can transmit whenever they want to transmit the data then after transmitting the user should how to wait whether the data can go or it can the collision can occurs. If the collision can occurs obviously the data can be collided or it can be destroyed using feedback mechanism to know about the status of frame retransmit the destroyed frames. This is about the pure Aloha. In the pure Aloha there are three stations are transmitting the frames, station one, station two and station three. In the green color can identify the collision part, the ending end of the first frame and then starting end of the second frame can be collided. In the third phase then ending end of the second part and then starting end of the third part can be collided. Here in a pure Aloha there are four stations are there all four stations are simultaneously transmitting the frames, the frames can be collided. Station one the transmitting two frames first frame it is not collided, second frame can be collided with the station of the first second station first frame and then you have to allow the slots also. Then in that particular slots the station may collides pure Aloha the main advantage of pure Aloha is low channel utilization. This is expected due to features that all are transmit whenever they want. The throughput of Aloha system is maximized by having a uniform frame size rather than by allowing variable ends. Slotted Aloha before transmitting the data the user can slots the timing. In that particular slots only they can transmit the data here the pure they can avoid the collision. There is a limit for best channel utilization using slotted Aloha to reduce the chance of collision the station should be able to detect what other stations are doing. In LAN network this is possible therefore they can achieve better utilization than slotted Aloha. Then carrier sense protocol can be used for different purpose these are the references I use to prepare the PPT. Thank you.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we discuss the following question which says evaluate integral e to the power x upon square root of 5 minus 4 e to the power x minus e to the power 2x dx. Before we move on to the solution let's recall one formula according to which we have integral of dx upon square root of a square minus x square is equal to sine inverse x upon a plus c where the c is the constant of integration. This is the key idea that we use in this question. Now we move on to the solution. We take let i be equal to the given integral that is integral e to the power x upon square root of 5 minus 4 into e to the power x minus e to the power 2x dx. We put e to the power x as t. Now differentiating both sides with respect to x we get e to the power x dx is equal to dt. Therefore i is equal to integral dt upon square root of 5 minus 4 t minus t square. Now further we get this is equal to integral dt upon square root of, now to make this expression in the square root a complete square we add 4 and subtract 4. So we get this is further equal to integral dt upon square root of 9 minus t plus 2 whole square. Further we get integral dt upon square root of 3 square minus t plus 2 whole square. By using this formula to evaluate the integral we get this is equal to sine inverse t plus 2 upon 3 plus c. That is a given integral i is equal to sine inverse of t plus 2 upon 3 plus c. Now putting the value of t as e to the power x we get i is equal to sine inverse of e to the power x plus 2 this whole upon 3 plus c. Thus integral e to the power x upon square root of 5 minus 4 into e to the power x minus e to the power 2x dx is equal to sine inverse of e to the power x plus 2 this whole upon 3 plus c. So this is the required solution. This completes the session hope you have understood the solution of this question.


Dear students, in this module we are going to discuss the property as type of crime. So crimes which are committed for property refer to the criminal offences that involve the theft or the destruction of someone else's property. Particularly speaking, you cannot harm someone's property, whether it is valuable or invaluable. Valuable in a sense that the property can be someone's land or someone's objects, like someone's mobile phone or someone's car or someone's house, all these things come in the form of property. But generally, when we typically define the property, we also have to see how that property is legally defined. So in any justice system, the legal repercussions are due to that legal definition. So examples of property crime include burglary, theft and arson. You cannot trespass on any property without its owner's permission. If you do this, then potentially it is considered a criminal or violent act. So burglary is such a theft that is done by trespassing on someone's property. Similarly, theft, car theft, mobile phone theft, mobile snatching, all these things come in the form of property crime. Pakistan has the high rate of property crime. Unfortunately, with some estimates suggesting that there are over 100,000 reported cases of theft each year. In recent past, you must have seen in the news that street crimes have grown a lot, in which there is vehicle theft, mobile snatching, or other precious objects are snatched from people. The ornaments that are stolen are stolen. So all these things come in the form of property crimes. Although the mechanisms of social control, particularly the informal mechanisms of social control are very strong, and we saw that in the past, the mechanisms of social control have been of great help to us to control the deviancy. But unfortunately, in recent past, because our resources have become very limited, there is a lot of poverty, inflation, and a lot of inflation. So due to this, the property crimes have also started to increase exponentially. Factors that contribute to the prevalence of property crime in Pakistan can include poverty, lack of security, and corruption in law enforcement. The corruption in law enforcement itself becomes a major factor in which people are forced to do property crimes or are motivated. If law enforcement agencies start dealing with this act strictly, and start dealing with the board strictly, in which the justice system is not a class-based justice system, rather it is an equality-based justice system, so property crimes can be minimized or reduced based on this. So in a nutshell, these property crimes in Pakistan are prevalent for majorly for the reasons that law enforcement is not active and not effective, and in addition to that, due to poverty and inflation.


Hello, everyone. I am Sanjay Gupta. I welcome you on Sanjay Gupta Tech School. So today we have day two of this C and C++ coding bootcamp. And I hope you have already gone through a day one session. So I just explained you a little bit basics about C programming. So today we will be understanding about programming languages and I will be talking about different language translators. Right? So this is the agenda for today that we are going to discuss. So before moving forward, I just want to welcome everybody, those who are joined, like those who have joined session live. So I just welcome them and those who will be watching the recording. So I just want to thank them as well. So as you can see this slide, so it tells about me. So if you have joined this bootcamp for the first time or you are watching this video for the first time on this channel and if you want to know about your instructor, so I'm just running Sanjay Gupta Tech School across the globe virtually and walked in various organizations having 16 plus years of experience and right now helping people to ramp the career in Salesforce ecosystem. So basically this C and C++ bootcamp is having two purposes. So it basically focuses on BTEC students and it also focuses on non-technical folks, those who want to make the career in Salesforce or IT industry. So they need to know basics of programming so these are basically two purposes I am doing this bootcamp. So if you know any BTEC student who is struggling with programming, so just refer this bootcamp to that student so that they can start learning programming step by step on daily basis. So be consistent because consistency is the key and do regular practice so soon like by the end of this week, you will be having a proper practice sheet that you can practice and join this telegram group where I will be sharing all the updates related to this bootcamp and if you have any doubt while practicing, you can discuss here, right? So just follow Sanjay Gupta Tech School on YouTube, LinkedIn, Instagram and Telegram and all the important links are available in the video description. So moving forward, let's talk about programming languages. So as a beginner, if you are starting your BTEC journey or you are from non-technical background, so you should know what programming languages are and how many types of programming languages are available, right? So basically, programming languages used to implement computer program which are known as software. So if you want to create any software, so it can be standalone standalone application, it can be mobile application, it can be web application, website or cloud application. So whatever you want to implement, so you need programming language for that. And nowadays, what is happening like we have some tools which are basically related to point and click. So on those tools, you don't need to do much programming and like lots of things are already programmed and you just need to drag and drop, but still you need to apply a logic. So if you know the programming logic, so it will be easy for you to understand the like you it will be easy for you to implement the solutions for any programming language, right? So if you don't know any programming language, so it will be better like you start with proper steps. So I would recommend first go with C programming then C++ and then you can pick Java, Python, Apex, whatever in whatever direction you want to go. But at least C and C++ everybody should learn in their professional journey if you want to make your career in IT industry. So here you can see we have two types of programming languages. So one is low level and another one is high level. So in low level, basically two types are available in which we have machine and assembly language and in high level, we have procedural and non procedural programming languages, right? So in procedural, we need to write all the codes and in non procedural, like you need to implement some code and few things are already implemented. So you can leverage the pre implemented things as well. Right? So this is about programming languages which are available. And like nowadays, you might have heard about cloud AI. So these are like latest technologies, but in the back end, they use different, different programming languages to build the software. Right? So core programming knowledge everybody should have. Now, if you are using any programming language to implement any application or any software, so basically we have some translators as well. So you need to know about these also. So a translator is a system software which converts instructions written in a particular language into machine readable form. So in any language, you write instructions in your readable form, but we need to convert that into machine readable form, right? So here you can see we have three types of translators available. So in these three types, first we have assembler, then we have compiler and third we have interpreter, right? So these three translators are available. So assembler basically converts assembly instructions into machine. So we generally don't use assembly language to implement any software. So it is basically used in the back end, but we prefer some languages. Those will be converted with the help of compiler or interpreter, right? So we need to understand the differences between compiler and interpreter, like what compiler is and what interpreter is. So I hope you can see two columns on left hand side, you can see few points related to compiler are mentioned. And on right hand side, few points related to interpreter are mentioned. So we need to know the difference between these two. So most of the languages prefer compiler. So compilers characteristic is it translates source code into object code at one go, right? So whatever source code you write, if you want to convert that into machine readable form, so whole code will be translated together. And whenever there are errors, so it will be showing all the errors all together, right? So it provides a permanent saved object file. Object file means it is in a form of binary. Then here debugging is slow because all the errors you will be having all together. So you just need to resolve them one by one. And execution is fast because every time when we execute the program, so translation is not required. It is already done all together. So that's why most of the programming languages use compiler to translate high level instructions into into low level instruction that is machine language, right? Now on right hand side, you can see we have interpreter. So interpreter basically translates source code into object line wise, right? So what happens in interpreter? If you try to execute your code and in your first line, if you see any error, so what will happen at that point, your execution will stop and you will be seeing the error, right? If you fix that error, then only remaining line of code will be translated. So this way we go with interpreter. So here you can see second point says it does not provide a permanent saved object file and debugging is fast because immediately you will be having the errors for the code that you will be implementing and execution is basically slow because every time whenever we execute the program, so translation is required. And why so because of second point, because whatever translation we are doing, that is not saved permanently. So every time whenever you want to run your code, you first need to translate and then it will be executed, right? So yeah, someone is saying my voice is low. So I'm just keeping my closer to me. So I think it would be better now. Okay, so I hope this way with this comparison, you are able to understand the difference between compiler and interpreter, right? And most of the programming languages use compiler. And if we talk about C and C++, so both uses compiler to translate the code into machine language. Right, so moving forward. Yep. So I just explained these two concepts like programming languages, types of programming languages, then we need to know the language translator. Now, before before moving forward, what I need to do like in yesterday's session, I just explained one example from this practice work, right? Now we have a few more examples. So let's let's implement these examples together. So if you are on laptop and if you want to practice these with me, so you can just implement these. And if you have the solution, so you can just share them in the chat so that everybody can see. So this, this is the first example, calculate area and parameter of rectangle, which we discussed yesterday. And if I show you the solution, so this was the solution that we implemented yesterday. And if you have any doubt like from last session, yesterday's session, if you have any doubt, so you can ask those questions in the chat, I will be answering those. So we created this code where we implemented simple logic to calculate area and parameter, right? Now, what we need to do, we will be implementing the second example, that is to calculate simple interest, right? So can you tell me if we want to calculate simple interest or what values we need to receive from the user? Like what what values you will be fetching from the user so that you can calculate simple interest? So can you can you mention in the chat like for simple interest calculation, what type of values we need? So by the time you are typing your response in the chat, I'm going to remove these statements from here so that we can implement new code. And this code title is to calculate simple interest, right? So if if you can type in the chat, I don't see any response yet. Okay, yeah, this one is saying PRT, yeah, this is correct, principle rate and time. So what we need to do here, I'm going to declare three variables PR and T, right? And one more variable where I will be storing the simple interest. So in yesterday's session, I told you, like, this is data type float as a data type, and PRTSI, these are variables. In variables, we will be able to store some values, right? So Abraham also mentioned correct response. So that is good. Now, what we need to do from user, we need to receive principle rate and time. So here I will be writing a printf statement, which will say enter principle, rate and time. Yeah, principle amount we can say and rate of interest and time we need to receive. So here we need to have scanf. So right now, how many values we need to receive, we need to receive three values PRT principle rate and time. So what you you will be doing, you will be writing percent F three times, you will be writing percent F three times then ampersand P, then ampersand R and ampersand T, right? So I hope you understood why in scanf I wrote percent F three times, because we are expecting three inputs from user. First will go into P second will go into R and third will go into T, right? So this way principle rate and time values will be available with us. Now what we need to do, we just need to we just need to implement the logic here. So can anyone tell me what what should be the logic to calculate simple interest? If you can write that in the chat, so I can see savior Mansuri already mentioned PRT, but I think it is not correct. So if you have Google, so you can just Google it out. And let me know the calculation. So yeah, savior this time it is correct, principle into rate into time upon 100. So if you want to calculate simple interest, so what you can do open parenthesis then P into R into T. So this way you can apply the formula and then you can write divided by 100. So this is the complete formula which is for calculating simple interest, right? So the calculated simple interest will be stored in this si variable. Now, what we need to do if you want to display the result for the user, so you will be using printf, then have a backslash n. And then you can write simple interest equals to percent f and then I right. So this way, this code is correctly implemented. And it is divided into four sections. So first we created all the variables, then we received some input from the user, then we applied some calculation, and then we displayed the result of the calculation on the output screen, right? So this way your result will be available on the UI. Now if I click on run, so here you can see it is asking for amount principle amount rate and time, right? So I just need to provide these values so that we can do some calculation. So for principle amount, I'm entering 10,000. For rate of interest, I'm entering 10, like 10%. And time I'm entering as three, three years. Now you can see the result. So if you have 10,000 principle amount for 10% rate of interest for three years, so simple interest will be 3000. So if it is rupees, so it will be in a rupee format, if it is in other currency, so it will be according to that, right? So I hope with this example, you are able to understand how I calculated simple interest, right? So if you're a beginner, so I think now you can relate like how we just need to implement the solution. So first we need to decide the input values, then we need to write the calculation and then we need to show the results. Okay, so moving forward, next we have one more problem that is we need to read marks of three subjects. And then we need to calculate total of those three subjects, like total marks, and then we need to show the percentage, right? So this another example that I'm going to implement for you, right? And this example, I'm just copying and I'm going to paste it in the chat. Okay, I'm not able to paste it because limit is 200 characters and this code is having more than 200 characters. So I think it is available here in this session. So recording will be available anytime if you want to watch it. So you can. Now I'm just removing this inner part of the main. And now we need to calculate total marks and percentage, right? So this is our requirement. So in this requirement, you can see we need to read marks of three subjects. So here, we need to create some variables. So I'm creating integer variables, marks one, marks two and marks three, then I'm creating total and percentage. So this way I'm creating the variables of where I will be storing all the values. Okay, so total five variables I declared. And whatever we are learning here in C programming, so if you go for C++, Java, Python, Apex, so most of the concepts are same, like there also you need to create some variables, then you need to receive some input, then you need to apply some calculation, then you need to show some results. So approach is different, but overall we need to do these kind of things only, right? So now here, these variables are created. Now, I'm going to write printf statement. So inside printf, what I need to do, I need to write enter marks of three subjects, right? So this way, printf is written and this is the message like enter marks of three subjects. Then again, you will be using scanf. And you need to apply a portion D three times, because you are going to receive marks of three subjects here, right? Now you need to store them into three different variables m1, m2, and m3. So this way, I'm going to create these variables. So first subject marks will be stored in m1 variable, second subject, subject marks will be stored in m2, and third subject marks will be stored in m3. Okay. So this way, second segment is completed. So first we created the variables, then we received some input values. Now we need to apply the calculation. So we need to calculate two things, we need to calculate total, and we need to calculate percentage. So if you want to calculate total, that is pretty straightforward. You can just add all these values m1, m2, m3. So if we add all three all together, so total will be calculated. Now after that, total calculation, what we need to do, we need to calculate percentage. So I'm calculating percentage. So P e r equals to now, in my case, like, maximum marks for each subject is 100. So I'm taking a consideration max maximum marks for each subject as 100. So this is my consideration, right? So if I want to calculate percentage of what I will do, I will divide it by 300 and multiply it by 100. So total upon 300 into 100. So this way, percentage will be calculated. In your case, if you want to take different maximum marks for each subject, so you can take total accordingly. So here I am using 300. Because we have three subjects and maximum for maximum marks for each subject is 100. So that's why total is 300 as per the requirement. So this way, we applied this calculation and percentages calculated here. Now, what we need to do, we just need to display total as well as percentage, right? So what I'm going to do, I'm going to use print f, then total marks equals to percent D and total. And in this case, instead of integer, you could have used float as well, right? Because marks can be in point form decimal point form. So if they are in decimal point, so total, you need to calculate and percentage also you need to calculate. So that will also be in decimal point values. So I took int but going forward, if you want to use float, you can do that as well. Then I'm going to use one more printf so that I can show percentage. So this way, I will be able to display total marks and percentage to the user, right? And in yesterday's session, I showed you how we can combine these two printfs together. So today, also, I will be showing you but I want to execute this for the first time so that we can check whether logic is correct or not. And then I will be converting these two printfs into one, right? So I'm just clicking on run so that it starts its execution. So I'm entering 50 as first subjects mark, then 75 as second and 100 as third. Okay, so here, we need to understand one catch. So total marks is two to five, but percentage is zero. Now why why it happened, right? This is important to know. So total is two to five. And here we have 300. So both are in diesel. Now if you divide two to five with 300, so result will be zero, like result will be some zero point something, right? But both are in diesel. So that's why that zero will be multiplied with 100 and everything becomes becomes 100 zero, right? So what we need to do here, we need to specify 300.0 so that it will become a decimal value. When you have a decimal value in a calculation, so other value will be converted into decimal automatically. And the result will mean decimal that will be multiplied with 100. And then the like the value which is before decimal point, that will go with this PR variable. Right? So this is the resolution that you need to take here. And going forward, what you can do if you know, like there can be possibility like decimal point values will be there. So instead of int, you can prefer float. Okay, now if I execute it again, so I'm entering 50, I'm entering 75, I'm entering 100. So this time you can see total marks is displayed, and percentage is also displayed 75. So I entered 50, 75 and 100. So if you average it out, so it will be 75%. Right? So this way, like I hope you understood something new today. And now I'm going to show you how we can combine these two printf into one printf. So I will be writing it here. So printf, then double quotes, then backslash and for new line. So this way, you can combine both the statements into a single print of statement. Right? So here you can see, first, we have backslash and which will be shifting the output into new line, then total marks equals to will display as is, then this percent d will be replaced with a total value and total value is available in this variable. So this variable will be displaying its value at this position, percent d. Next, we have backslash and so again line will change automatically. And this percent will be percentage will be available in the new line. And this percent d will be replaced with this PR. Right? So this way, I hope you understood how we can combine two printf statements together. Okay. Now if I run this code, you will see the same results. So if I enter 50, if I enter 75, if I enter 100, so you can see total marks is two to five and percent is 75. And in the same way, the result is appearing through single printf as well. Right? So these kind of statement we use in Java apex as well. But there we don't use backslash and or percent d. You can directly write the code and logical part is same. Right? You need to focus on particular data type and accordingly you will be implementing the logic. So those who are like BTEC student watching this live or watching the recording. So I think for you, don't focus on Java apex kind of word, just focus on this solution and implement it in your system. And you can see I am using the online browser. So online gdb.com is providing this. But on Google, if you search for any online C compiler, so you will be able to use and in the beginning of the session, I explained to you about compiler. So you can see C is basically using the compiler. Right? So this is the compiler that we are using here as of now. Okay. So I hope with this explanation, you are able to understand this third requirement as well like how we can implement the solution. Now, fourth one is a little bit tricky. So here basically what we need to do, we need to read the basic salary of an employee. And we need to print a gross salary where DA is 20% of basic salary and HRA is 10% of basic salary. So what what we'll be doing, we'll be reading basic salary and basis on that basic salary, we need to calculate gross salary, right? And if we combine basic salary, DA and HRA, then you will be having gross salary. Now you might be thinking what is DA? So DA is dearness allowance. So whenever inflation rises, so basis on that this dearness allowance is also increased in our salary as a component. And HRA means house rent allowance.  So in this requirement, DA is 20% of basic salary and HRA is 10% of basic salary. So these two we need to calculate. So can anyone tell me like how many inputs we need to receive for this calculation for this program from the user? I am repeating again, how many inputs we need to receive from the user for this fourth problem? So we have four entities basic salary, gross salary, DA, HRA. So what we need to read as an input from the user. So you just need to mention in the chat, like, will it be basic salary, gross salary, DA, HRA, or like two combination of two combination of three combination of four. So whatever is coming in your mind, just post it in the chat so that I can see how logical you are able to or think. So I'm just waiting for your response. Like if you if you can share your thoughts, so it will be great. Otherwise, I will be explaining to you. Okay, so in my opinion, we just need to read one thing that is basic salary. Right. If we yeah, so count is right. If we have basic salary, then we can calculate DA through that basic salary, we can calculate HRA through that basic salary. And if we combine basic salary, DA and HRA, so it will be all together your gross salary. Right. So we need to receive one input here. So now I'm going to do it for you. So I'm going to implement the solution. So title will be calculate gross salary, we need to calculate gross salary. So here I'm using float as a data type because in salary, we will be having decimal point values. So float basic salary, DA, HRA and gross salary. But if we if we focus on the input, so we'll be receiving only one value that is enter basic salary. So scan f one time percent of you will be using and then that basic salary will go into BS variable. Right. So this way, single input we need to receive. Now we need to do some calculations. So first we'll be calculating DA. So how much DA is it is 20% of basic salary. So what I can do 20% of basic salary. So basic salary into 20. So I can enclose it in single, sorry, parenthesis, and then divide it by 100. So if you multiply basic salary with 20 and divide it by 100. So your 20% amount will be stored in DA basis on that calculation. Okay, now we need to calculate HRA. So HRA will be like basic salary into 10 and then upon 100. Right. So this way your HRA will be calculated. So Molek basically, we don't need to read all four values. We just need to read only basic salary. Then here you can see on the screen, I just calculated DA and HRA basis on the basic salary. And now after this calculation, what we need to do, we need to calculate the gross salary. Right. And I already told you the formula for gross salary. So for gross salary, what we need to do, we just need to add basic salary with DA with HRA. So if you combine all four all three entities together, so you will be having gross as gross salary calculated.  Now after this, what you can do, you just need to show gross salary to the user. So you can type gross salary equals to then percent F then comma and here you can say we need to display gross salary. Right. So this way you can see the results are available here.  So first we created four variables, basic salary, DA, HRA and gross salary, then we received basic salary as an input from the user. Then we do, we did some calculation for DA and HRA. And here now you can see we have done calculation for gross salary.  And you can see after that we are displaying the gross salary as a result. So this way you can just implement the solution for the logic that is available for you. And this logical part is same for all the programming language wherever you go. And that is important. Reading and printing may change as per the syntax, but this logical part is same for everywhere. If you write this code in Apex, so it will be same. If you write it in Java, it will be same. Right. So that's why as a beginner, if you are starting your BTEC journey for any branch, whether it is CS, IT, electronics, electrical, any branch, no matter, if you want to like learn programming, so your first step should be C. And if you're non tech folks, so if you want to make your career in IT industry and you have an aspiration to become a developer, so C programming is the best way to understand logic building. So you can see how quickly we implemented this solution. Now if I run it, so what I need to enter basic salary. So let's say basic salary is 10,000. So 20% of 10,000 is like it is 2000. And 10% of 10,000 is 1000. So as per my calculation, total or gross salary should be 13,000. Yeah, so here you can see gross salary is equals to 13,000. Because we entered basic salary as 10,000, then due to this calculation, we are getting this result automatically. Right. So what you need to do, you just need to understand how we can implement the logic and programming. So I think step by step, if you do practice, so you will be able to understand all the basic core concepts of these, like programming. So if you have any doubt now, you can ask.  So that I did. And if you have any kind of question related to this C and C++ bootcamp or anything that you want to discuss. So like this platform is open for that. And if you understood whatever I demonstrated and want to practice, so you can just leave the session and you can do some practice. And tomorrow I will be explaining you some more theoretical concepts, along with some C programs. Right so session tracker is already available with you. So if you go with this session tracker, so here everything is mentioned. So in tomorrow's session, we'll be discussing about compilation process. And I will be explaining few more examples to you. Right and then you can see next week, three more sessions will be there and we'll be discussing few more programs. So I keep on updating this session tracker frequently. So just take take a look on that and all the recording links and live sessions links will be available here. And this exercise sheet is pending with me. So by the end of this week, I will be preparing it and we'll share a link here only so that you will be able to access. Right so this this way, day by day, we will be picking few topics, few programs and we'll be understanding the core concepts of C programming first and then we'll be focusing on the C++ right so just a request like if you if you see anyone struggling understanding programming, so you all know my teaching style is very easy. And like I am explaining topics slowly explaining each and everything in detail. So just just share this information with all those BTEC students. Those those have started their journey already are in first year or if they are going to start their BTEC journey. So they will be able to understand these things properly live and free of cost. So these sessions will be available in recorded form later as well. So still if you reach out to someone, that will be great. So like I know like you you are passed out from different different colleges and maybe from different engineering colleges as well if you are from non CSIT BTEC branch. So just share this information with your college like Sanjay Gupta Tech School is arranging CNC++ bootcamp or Salesforce bootcamp for free of cost life for students as well so that more students can join these bootcamps and they can they can learn programming live and discuss their doubts and challenges and Salesforce live bootcamp is no one running in the entire ecosystem. So that I am doing only so Salesforce is also connecting with students right so if you see anyone who wants to learn Salesforce live and wants to do practice and they are in their college journey right now as a student. So they can also learn like they are they already know CNC++ so they can brush up their skills from the CNC++ sessions and they can follow the Salesforce session tracker so that they can start learning admin and development from there. Okay so going forward savior I will be explaining things in English and in the Hindi as well. So just remind me whenever you want an explanation explanation in Hindi right because I will be focusing on English much but if you see anything that you want to understand in Hindi so just let me know in the chat I will be explaining that in Hindi as well because I just want to make these sessions in English because my channel people watch from across the globe so few people those are on different geographical location and right now they are not able to join so they watch the recording as well so that's why I keep on talking in English only so that I can cover a wide audience but still for this bootcamp only if you need explanation in Hindi so basis on your request like you can say like please explain this particular part in Hindi as well so I can do that for sure. Right but primary communication language will be English secondary as per your request can become in the as well and one more request like please do some reviews and feedback on the channel so that I can see like how well I'm doing for you and help me to reach a hundred K subscribers so this is my dream like half of year already gone and six months are remaining and I made a resolution like by the end of this year I will reach to hundred K subscribers but you can see right now it is hitting 60 K this month I need 40 K more so if you if you if you support me and share this channel link with folks those are connected in your WhatsApp group Telegram group and spread the world with those folks so I would be hitting that hundred K subscribers milestone by the end of this year right so this is my dream let's see whether I will be able to achieve this this year but if not this year then for sure in the first half of the next year surely I will reach to hundred K subscriber benchmark or milestone okay so this is a humble request if you want to show some gratitude so you can just share the link with as many folks as you can so share with your colleges as well from where you graduated so if you're watching this recording so this is request from you and I'm doing my effort like whatever 60 K I got that is due to all efforts right and now with 60 K I can have 40 K more so that will be from your support only so I'm doing my all hard work consistently but I need your gratitude and supports as well so yeah any any WhatsApp no I don't want to share my WhatsApp group I am saying like if you have any WhatsApp group where student community is connected or Telegram group where student community is connected and they want to learn Salesforce or C or C++ and other things like cyber security DevOps data science those I will be like starting from next next month or so so please share this link with them okay with this note I take your leave and will be correcting tomorrow same time we'll a few more topics and we'll be explaining them to you thank you so much for joining today's sessions and spending some time thank you everyone bye take care


This is a video on calculating measures of central tendency and spread. The highway mileage for a sample of eight different models of a car company can be found below. Find the mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and the range. So the easiest way to do this is just to take our eight data values here and to type them into Google Sheets. When you get the Google Sheets, you're under the one variable stats tab. You want to clear out column A, so just click column A and click the delete button. It clears it out for you. And then this is a small data set, so just type in your eight data values. You can do whatever order you would please. It's not really that big of a deal. The mean is 28.38. The median is 29. We'll find the mean just by looking at the data value in a moment. The standard deviation is 5.83, and then the range is actually going to be 16. So let's jot all of this information down. So we've got a mean of 28.38. The sample standard deviation, also known as S, is going to be 5.83. The median would be 29. The range we said was 16. So the only thing left to find would be our mode, our mode, the number that occurs the most often, which in this case is 35. It occurs twice, so the mode is 35. So that's how you find all of that information using Google Sheets.