We're going to have a little bit of a quick blitz of lightning talks. So my name is Fernando Perez, I'm one of the founders of the founding PIs of this institute, but I'm also a staff scientist up at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. And Jessica Hamrick, who's here with me, is a graduate student here at UC Berkeley. She's a member, she's a core developer in the project and a member of her steering council. Damiana Avila works at Continuum Analytics and is also a member of her steering council. Jorge, who will speak afterwards, works at Bloomberg. And finally we have Peter Parente from IBM, who will give the fifth talk. We're going to try to give you folks five very fast ten minute talks. We'll take only one question in between talks while we change speakers. But then at the end we'll have time for more discussion and questions. So, is it not on? So I want to introduce a little bit of kind of the context of the project, but I'll leave it to them to really try to showcase what it is that we're doing in the project. Jupiter is a project that tries to tackle kind of this problem. The fact that in data science and in scientific research, if we think very, very schematically, the process kind of involves at some point or another these separate stages, exploration of an idea. You have some code, you have some data, you're playing with it. At some point you need to collaborate with colleagues. You often have to run your ideas if it looks like they're working out on large scale resources, whether it's in the cloud or an HPC environment for those of us who are at places like the national labs. If you're successful, you end up communicating your work, whether that communication is in the form of a peer-reviewed publication as an academic or a blog post or report for your customers. You still have to communicate your results and hopefully you're doing that in a way that others can reproduce and work off of. And those of us in the academic environment teach students, but education actually happens in many, many contexts, not only in academia. And often this is a cycle where we try to repeat it, but where each stage is a separate problem. You toss back and forth scripts, you email figures back and forth, you write things by copying and pasting, you replicate a MATLAB prototype into C to run in the cloud. And the question that we've posed ourselves is, should this be considered a single problem? And can we treat this in a unified manner so that we build tools and environments that actually help all of this process be a single continuum where you can move back and forth fluidly? The project didn't start with such grand ambitions. In 2001, I was a grad student looking for any excuse to procrastinate on a particle physics dissertation. And I began writing basically a fancy interactive shell to run my code in Python and look at my data and plot my figures. Skipping very rapidly, in 2016 now, I Python has evolved into a project that we now call Jupiter, which still works for Python and I Python continues to exist. But it also works for Julia, it works for R, it works for many, many other languages right now. The architecture that we've built provides that same interactive exploratory experience, but across I think 66 programming languages and counting less we checked. And obviously none of this work is mine at this point. The credit entirely goes to the team. We'll have a sampling of a few of them. This picture was taken yesterday at the lab, so most of the people in this photo are in the room if you want to meet them, if you want to talk to them, if you want to ask them questions about most of the areas of the project they know more than I do at this point. I'm now decoration on the wall. And we also have a lot of other people who have contributed. We have a healthy open source community that contributes and we try to engage. We hope some of you will be the next contributors to the project. This could not happen without the support, financial support and funding and partnerships. We have received over the years a combination of funding from foundations. In particular right now it's important to acknowledge the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. They're the ones who paid for this place, but they're also the ones who are paying for a lot of our development and the Helmsley Trust. But we've also received funds from other foundations and from companies that in various ways collaborate with us, whether it's contributing people who, like some of the speakers you'll see later, actively participate in the project or contributing financially to the project. And I very quickly want to kind of show just two quick vignettes of what is it that motivates us to do this. So first of all, science. Science matters. A very long time ago in a galaxy far, far away, two black holes met each other. And when those two black holes met each other, Einstein exactly about 100 years ago predicted that when that happened, when two black holes merged into one another, the effects on space time would be such that space time itself would ripple and that we could measure that if we were smart enough. Now measuring a gravitational wave, measuring the ripples in space time that propagate, just like light propagates as the fluctuation of the electric and magnetic fields. But in this case, the fluctuations of the fabric of space time itself is extremely tricky. What you have to do is you have to measure something with the sensitivity of 21 orders of magnitude. To give you a sense of scale, that is roughly equivalent to trying to find a person, not on a photograph of Earth, not on the picture of the solar system, but one person in the Milky Way. That's roughly the scale of the problem you're looking at. So what scientists did is they built two things that are called Michelson interferometers. These are two L-shaped instruments that have tunnels that are four kilometers long each at 90 degree angles. One of them is in Hanford, Connecticut. The other one is in Louisiana. And because they have these arms that are at 90 degrees to each other and they shoot laser beams up and down these arms, if ripple goes through space time and space time itself stretches, these arms will stretch in unequal manners. And you can detect that in the interference pattern of the laser light that is bouncing back and forth between the mirrors at the ends of these things. Why do you have two of them? Because this level of sensitivity is so crazy that pretty much anything else is worse, has a much stronger signal than the thing you're looking for. Somebody walks nearby. Somebody drops a hammer, a truck drives by the highway 10 miles down, a wave that a little on Earthquake. So you put two of them so that at least you can say halfway across the country the same hammer didn't fall in exactly the same way. And they did. In September 14, 2015, before they even officially turned on this instrument for its new phase of data acquisition and it was technically an engineering phase, they detected a signal that was actually the ripple. This is the Hanford detector and this is the Louisiana detector.  And it's an amazing feat of science in the sense that in here the gray, the light gray shading is actually the numerical model of the solution on a supercomputer of the general relativity equations for that phenomenon. Down here, this is the spectrogram of the signal. This is in the time domain and this is the time frequency to composition of that signal. If you look on the walls, you'll see here pictures of a bunch of color maps. It turns out that this plot is not only scientifically interesting, but it ties to bids because all of the figures in this were made with open source tools and in particular all of these plots were made with a tool called Matloth Lib that is part of the scientific Python community. And the new color map that was developed here was actually done at bids by two of our fellows. And these are the prototypes of that color map. This is probably going to be one of the most sited images in the scientific literature in the next decade. And those were the sketches of the development of the color map, which is based on a very good perceptual model of human vision. A few days ago, one of the lead scientists in this project was presenting this work at LBL. It was probably the most fascinating and electrifying scientific talk I've ever seen. And the LIGO team actually published all of their work for you to play with, for you to replicate in the form of Jupyter Notebook. So you can go to their Open Science Center and execute as a Jupyter Notebook the exact analysis that shows this data. Should have plugged this in. Do we have audio? Never mind. So there's a notebook where this audio can actually be converted. Did you hear that? So that is the actual sound of two black holes converging into each other 1.3 billion light years away created in a Jupyter Notebook. Second, for education. Because we're not only scientists, we also are at a university and we care about education. Jess is going to talk a little bit more about education in the context of the university. So I'm going to bring up a little vignette of something new that was released just a few days ago by O'Reilly, a team of educators and technologists that O'Reilly released a new platform called O'Reilly Oriole, which is basically a way of presenting tutorial and computational material online for education. Peter Norvig, who's the head of research at Google and a very famous research in artificial intelligence, is famous for writing these amazingly interesting notebooks that describe computational problems and walk you through the analysis and the construction of the solution. You can download them. They generate the most traffic on our servers. But what happened, what became available last week is that O'Reilly developed a platform where the same content can actually be tied to a video that narrates, in synchronization with the code execution, online the original notebook together with a video of the author. So it's basically a way of delivering a lecture that is a live executable lecture with content and with a video that is automatically synchronized to the actual text. So there's a table of contents here. And basically as you move up and down, the video automatically synchronizes with the narrative. And you can execute the computation. So this is on the O'Reilly website. But each code fragment you click in here and you actually execute the result. And you can modify it. So you basically have the delivery of the lecture together with the text and the computation in a way that you can execute by just opening a web page. So these are two quick vignettes and examples of why it is that we're trying to build what we're building. And hopefully by having a quick look at a collage of other ideas and other uses that we're making, you'll see the kind of perspective that we're trying to bring to data science. Ask us questions. And we'll be here for a while. Thank you. And I'll pass it on to Jess now. The name is not an acronym. But it's inspired by open languages in data science. And it also helps that by misspelling the language of the planet, the search space and the domains and everything was available. So it's that also helped. So it took us a long time to find a good name. And eventually we converted them to there for that reason. And the PY, even though the architecture now applies to all programming languages, the PI, the PY is so far as to Python, which is the main language of the process, which is the one that we built. Is this loud enough? Do people hear me in the back? Great. OK, so hi, I'm Jess. As Bernando mentioned, I'm a grad student here at UC Berkeley in the psychology department in a lab called the Computational and Cognitive Science Lab. And what we do in this lab is we construct computational models of human behavior. And then we run online, well, not always online, but frequently online behavioral experiments. And then compare the results of those models to the results that we get from our experiments as hypotheses for why people act the way that they do. And so what I'm going to show you is just a few examples of how I specifically use the Jupiter ecosystem in my research and how it plays into these types of things that I need to do in terms of creating models, running simulations, doing the data analysis, and so on, and a little bit about education too at the end. So I'm just going to give you a really quick outline of some of the topics I'm going to cover. It's going to be a bit of a whirlwind tour. The first example that I'm going to show you is how I use the notebook just to prototype my simulation code and my model code and work on that as I'm developing my model. The second I'm going to show is how I use the notebook for doing data analysis after I've run my model simulations, collected all my data online, and then I'm actually analyzing that. I'm going to show you an example of how I use a tool called MB Convert for my data analysis as well. So MB Convert allows you to convert notebooks into other formats such as HTML. It also allows you to run notebooks in place and so provides a method for automatically executing the analyses that you need to do. I'm also going to show you how I use IPython Parallel to do a little bit of parallelization. I don't do a lot of big data stuff, but I do use it a little bit. And then I'm going to show you also not just how I do my data analysis and stuff, but for other aspects of research, for example, there's a reading group that I have this semester, and I've been coding up some small demos of the models that we're talking about in our reading group in the notebook. And then also using the notebook to actually communicate some of the research and things that I've been doing. And then finally, looking at notebooks and interactive widgets as a tool for education, and in particular why I think the notebook format is really ideal for creating assignments and conveying knowledge, especially about data science to students. So that's the really broad overview. I'll now show you some more specific things. So the first thing I mentioned I was going to show you is just how I use the notebook for doing prototyping. So here, oh, that is not sized well, sorry about that. Let me see if I can resize this. So here I have a notebook for a project that I'm currently working on, which if any of you do stuff with Bayesian statistics or Bayesian modeling, I have a Bayesian model here that is trying to capture both people's responses to a task as well as their response times. And so I have defined here, not actually in the notebook, I have all my modeling code elsewhere that I work on in a separate file. But then actually in the notebook, I can run the model and take some samples that will take a while to run so we won't wait for it. But this graph here is what you see when you actually output it. And I can decide to change the parameters directly here in the notebook. I can run different versions of the same model and compare those. And this just gives me a really nice way to interactively play around with the different decisions that I might make in my modeling choices and instantly visualize the results. So that's kind of the method that I take when I'm working on creating these models and before I set up my simulations, once I've actually run the simulations and collected data online, I will also use the notebook to do the analysis. So this is for a different project in which we've been looking at how humans and robots can collaborate together. And I have all the analysis for this project in this notebook and I can run the cells, have a few analyses that are defined elsewhere in separate files. But then some of them, like some figures I have that I can run directly here in the notebook. And these are the same figures that go in the publication. And the notebook is like really an ideal place for creating these types of figures because it allows you to so rapidly iterate and make the smallest tweaks that you need to. You don't have to rerun your entire script, you just rerun the same cell. And furthermore, if you are doing your analysis, I do most of it in Python, but some more advanced statistical analyses, maybe it's more appropriate to use R, so you can use R directly in the notebook as well using the art and magic. And you get the results of that analysis there too. So that's one particular way in which I might do data analysis. I might take it even a step further and try to make it a little bit more reproducible. So whereas this is a big giant file with all of the analyses for the paper, for another paper I'm working on in which I have even more stuff, I have a whole directory full of notebooks. So here I have maybe, I don't know, 30 notebooks, something like that. Each one of these has a different analysis in it, creates a different type of plot or a different type of statistic. And I can run each of these individually or I can, as I mentioned, use, I don't know why this, my screen is weird. I can, here in this analysis folder, again all the same notebooks I was just showing you and I have a build system set up, this is called SCONS, it's similar to MAKE, but it's written in Python. And I have this set up to run and be convert in the backend and execute all of my notebooks in the order of the dependencies that I've defined. And I can completely reproduce my entire set of analyses using this build system in this way, using the Jupyter ecosystem. So beyond just running analyses in the notebook, some of the other tools that I use are, for example, IPython Parallel. So as I mentioned, I don't really do very heavy parallelization, I don't really do HPC stuff, but I do occasionally have some analyses that are too slow to run on a single core and I might want to run them on, for example, a 16 core machine that we might have in the lab. And so just very easily I can import from IPython Parallel, create a connection to the client, define just the dependencies that my analysis functions need to run, and I can call those functions and it will automatically parallelize it across cores. I won't go into the details of how exactly that works, but the point is that IPython Parallel is incredibly easy to use and it makes it really easy for me to scale up my analyses in this way without me having to put a lot of thought into it. I also mentioned that I use the notebook not just for doing analysis, but in other research contexts as well. So I have this reading group in my lab this semester in which we are going through a few different deep learning models and trying to understand the details of how those work. The most recent week we covered auto-encoders and so I put together a quick demo of an auto-encoder where the goal of an auto-encoder is basically it takes some input like these images and it needs to learn to be able to reconstruct those. And so down here I have a demo in which it doesn't quite fit in the screen, but here at the top it's getting noisy versions of the input, they're being corrupted. Down here at the bottom it's learning to reconstruct those things. And so this is an animation that's running live in the notebook and this is a really great way of being able to prototype these types of demos makes it for me at least easier to learn these types of things and to get a better sense of how these models actually work. Similarly, I just did my quals in January and as part of preparing for my qualifying exams, that involved reading about 100 papers and I wrote a blog post for each paper that I read and for some of them they were long or particularly interesting blog posts but it was way for me to synthesize and understand in detail the contents of the papers and for a few of them I actually again went through and created a demo of the thing that the paper was doing and so in this one it's just kind of a simple Bayesian model of perceptual illusion. I just wanted to get a sense of why it worked the way it did but then you can use MB Convert again to convert it to HTML and now I have a nice blog post directly from the notebook that I wrote with the demo in it. And then finally, I promised I would talk about education a little bit. So education is something in particular that's kind of very near and dear to my heart because I think this notebook format that allows you to have both written pros in line with math and with figures and code and interactivity is really really ideal for assignments because you can give students instructions of what they need to do, maybe some sample code and then actual coding exercise and you can have these coding exercises be interactive so we can give them this is an interactive widget I think you'll see a little bit more about these in some of the other talks but I can change these sliders and ask students to reason about as I change this parameter why is the model's behavior changing and ask them to give a response and actually interpret that in their own words. And so this type of document format is really ideal for these types of assignments in data science and in these sort of computational fields because it gives them the ability to actually explore these things and come to the intuitions on their own. So that's it for my tour of how I use the notebook in my research and I'll take a question while the next person sets up. The R magic allows you to specify input variables and output variables. So you can both take a pandas data frame from Python, pass it to R and it becomes an R data frame and then you can say I wanna take this R data frame out and turn it into a pandas data frame. So yeah, it's a really nice, because Python's sort of my preferred language that I'm most comfortable in but sometimes I really do wanna use R so it's really nice to be able to sort of seamlessly go between them like that. Okay, do you hear me well? Okay, nice. Well, my name is Damia Nabila. Right now I will be talking a little bit about the involvement of Continuum in the Jupyter ecosystem. I am working, I started working Continuum two years ago and it was a great experience there because I am working essentially in the thing I like most which is Jupyter or Jupyter. I am also a core contributor and well, I will talk a little bit about these things. This is my Twitter handle if you have some questions or you can reach me when we finish the talk. Essentially, Continuum is interested in provides to the data analyst with tools that enable to analyze the data and to process that data and to find interactive things and it does that thing just or not only just building open source technology but also participating in several open source projects and in this case I will talk about the involvement in the Jupyter ecosystem. We have the first very thing I want to highlight is the people because the people is really important for the most important thing, I believe. We have from the Continuum side and steering consumer, we have core developers of the projects, we have season it contributors and that is very interesting because we have a lot of projects and these projects hands have some interactions with the notebook in several ways. So these people is actively working in this project and making the interaction with the Jupyter ecosystem more deep and that's great and we also have occasional contributors to the project. So that's really great because it's not only funding, it's people time that's very interesting. One of the reasons I am working with Continuum. It's a little bit tiny but essentially I want to highlight some of the more important projects inside Continuum or that Continuum supports in some way. The Jupyter lab thing, it's an upcoming thing and you will see that soon on master and probably in a soon release, I hope. We have been discussing a lot of things about that but essentially currently in the notebook you have a text editor and you have a console as well. We started with the notebook view and then we added some other things and right now we propose and we are going to an evolved way to make all these things interact in a complex but also more simple user interface from the user perspective that lets you have a five browser and the notebook and an editor in an integrated way so you can process and develop your workflow in your analysis and that is really interesting. There is a team working on that lead by Chris Goldberg and continually supporting that effort. The other thing is the Anaconda Enterprise Notebook formerly known as Wakari Enterprise. This was our solution for bringing the users with the multi-user setup for the notebook that this project started two or three years ago when the notebook was just the notebook so we provided the people with first a project concept where several users can share that space and the concept of themes and then we added also some terminal and editor then the project evolved, the Jupyter thing evolves and now the Jupyter thing have those tools but at that time it doesn't or it didn't so that was our solution. Right now we have some more evolution over this product essentially adding searching capabilities and some social capabilities related with tax, ratings and so on and we are currently also evolving this in something else trying to catch up the evolution of the Jupyter ecosystem at all. This is an interesting model. We can talk more if you are interested. The other interesting thing we have been working on in the last month was essentially some extensions and the extensions and server extensions that enable the Jupyter notebook from the Jupyter user interface interact with the Konda and the Anaconda ecosystem. I guess people know about Konda but essentially Konda is a pack manager somehow and you can easily use that pack manager to install packages but also to create environments with defined packages and that is really interesting. So we first developed NBKonda kernels which is essentially an extension that brings a contact kernel spec manager which essentially is reading all your conduct environments and it's on the fly creating kernel spec for those environments so you start just one server and then you can change the kernel to the environment you are interested on. So that's an interesting thing. Maybe I can show a little bit about this. For example, let me see. Here you can start a notebook with the kernel pointing to the specific environment and execute the Python and use all the packages that are in that specific environment and isolated environment and that is interesting. Then we have NBKonda which essentially brings this capability to install, update and so on packages inside the notebook. I don't think we can show too much because of the time and because I lost the mouse but essentially here we add another view in the file free which essentially allows you to know which environments that you have and allow you to interact with the specific packages in those environments. That is really interesting. Then we have NBKonda Cloud which essentially lets you update your notebook to Anaconda Cloud. Okay. I will go a little bit faster and then NB present which is essentially this thing you are seeing right now is essentially a notebook. This is a notebook view but you can create. This is funny because I started with this light show thing inside NB Convert that is baked by the NB Convert Reveal.js then I want to have a live slide show so I developed Rise and then another great guy which is here his name is Nick Goldweb took that idea and evolved that idea into a better presentation tool which is essentially this one NB present and it allows you to create slides on the fly. This is executable code. This is an Excel like you have a cell in your notebook but you can show that in a slide show way and this is a great work from Nick. Well I think you probably know about the Anaconda distribution which essentially gives you a lot of packages probably more than 300 and the notebook and on the Jupyter ecosystem is the first citizen in that distribution and then a lot of other projects where we have a deep integration between the tools in those projects for example Bokeh and how that project is executed or used inside a notebook. I don't have time for more I think thank you very much and this is the link for continuing if you have some questions about that. Thank you. So can you hear me? I hope you understand my Americanized French. I'd like to thank Fernando for having me here and Kevin Koy for this amazing space and every time we've been here we had an amazing time at the Sage days and Jupyter at the dev meetings working with you guys. So my name is Sylvain Corley. I'm a quant researcher at Bloomberg and also an adjunct faculty member at Columbia University and NYU where I teach a course on mathematical finance and in this context I use a notebook a lot but the first reasons why I started using and contributing to Jupyter is my job at Bloomberg and as you probably know Google and Facebook are not the only companies to do data science. Bloomberg has been an important data provider in financial data since the 80s and we've been providing analytics and tools to do analysis to our clients for a long time and naturally as quant at Bloomberg the notebook became a very appealing tool as soon as we became aware of it. So we have increasingly been contributing to it and now there are two people at Bloomberg working or contributing to Jupyter a significant proportion of the time so myself and Jason Groud and so I personally must be contributing to the Jupyter interactive widgets and to the threat lights and other infrastructural components of the platform. So Jesse presented some examples with interactive widgets but I wanted to get a bit more into depth on this subject. I should probably zoom in while the key map has changed, Audrey. Anyways, I should probably. So in addition to... So in addition to providing the ability to interleave products, code cells and rich content the notebook also offers the possibility to create simple grids using the Jupyter interactive widgets. So in this example here I created a float slider which is a simple slider that you may interactively slide or modify in the notebook or from your code interact with also from the code. You can also read the current value that was changed as you move the slider and interactive widgets also implement the sort of observer pattern that allow you to register callbacks to changes in widget attributes so that you may build more complex applications and we've custom using whichever numerical functions that you want. So for example, in this case in addition to the slider I create another widget that is a float text and I link the slider value with the text value and as I move the slider the text widget is also going to update. Or what you can also do is in addition to simply linking values you can also add a transformation to the values so that in this case for example I just compute the square of the input of the value input via the slider and display it into another text. So the widgets also are based on an MVC architecture where you may display over views of the same widget. And the way it works is that you have a single object that is being synchronized between the Python float slider object that I instantiated here and a JavaScript counterpart to that model which can be displayed multiple times and every time you display it you will have a different view of that model created in the notebook. So in addition to the slider and the text IpyWidgets also provides a number of other interactive widgets such as drop-downs, button selection sliders, toggle buttons, color pickers, et cetera, et cetera. So it's a pretty rich set of widgets but it's not enough because it doesn't yet provide any ability to visualize data. And in the example that Jessie gave earlier she was linking a slider with a plot that came from Matlothil. So IpyWidgets is not only a set of widgets it's also a framework upon which you can build other interactive GUI components. And at Bloomberg we started a project called BQplot which is open source and available in GitHub which is a complete plotting library entirely based on the IpyWidgets or the JupyterWidgets infrastructure. So it's a plotting system that implements the abstractions of the grammar of graphics as interactive Jupyter widgets and it provides two APIs, one that is meant for high-level procedures with relevant default for common shot types so that you can just call plot or hist and get what you expect from the plotting library and also lower-level description of data visualization for more complex interactive visualizations and dashboards. So let me give you some examples here. For example, in this case I just call using an API very similar to Matlab or Matlothil spy plot. I call plt.plot with x and y and also provide some options regarding the access and the grid lines and I get what you would naturally expect that is an inline plot in the notebook with a toolbar to perform panning and zooming or also a button to save the figure and as a PNG image. But, and we also implement similar things for other shot types such as histogram, scatter plot and many others. But more interestingly, every single item in these charts, in these charts actually are Jupyter widgets that can be used independently of BQ plot or shared in between different figures. For example, if you want to use the same range for two different figures for the x-axis, you may do this by just sharing the same access and scale objects. So in this example here, what I'm doing is describing in a more atomic fashion a visualization where I create a number of scales, scales being objects that transfer that, describe a mapping between data and a visual quantity such as color, pixel or even size of markers in the scatter. And then I create access that are representations of those mappings and finally I describe the different elements that I want to put on this figure that is my canvas and eventually display the figure where I have like a number of elements such as a scatter, lines, et cetera, et cetera that are over, you know, overlaid. So every single component of the figure is a widget and when I update the corresponding data in the same way as you could update the data for a slider, you see the widget update live. So, and the same thing holds for any attribute of any component of the widget. For example, in this case of the scatter, where, sorry, in this case of a scatter, I may decide that the X scale minimum is going to be four and then while it was determined with the data earlier, now it's four and if I switch back to none, it's going to be again determined with the data, the same holds for any attribute such as the access labels, et cetera. So you may wire BQ plot widgets with other widgets because it's native to API widgets and here I have a slider deciding for the rotation attribute of a scatter plot. And so, and we have other more complicated capabilities in BQ plot such as heat maps where you can do also tooltips with having other figures and other elements of BQ plot in it such as this example where I display all the countries of the world in a heat map where the colors encode the current GDP per capita and where when I hover on a cell, I would see the historical GDP for the corresponding country with the name of the country and I built that in about 15 lines of code here and you don't even need to know any JavaScript to do this. So you can also use BQ plot figures as input widgets. For example, in this example, I created an interaction, a selection widget that is an interval selector where the height of the pointer determines the width and the center and the X position of the pointer determines the position of the center of the interval. So with this sort of interaction, you can very quickly select very different sections of your chart and wire the selection or the selected item to other widgets or to other computation that is completely ad hoc that you may have written in Python. So it's a really powerful tool if you want to storm through the data with BQ plot or you can also, here I read the number, the selected items in the lines or you can on the fly change the interaction and in this occasion, in this example, I decide that I created a hand-drawn interaction where I can very simply change the data on the fly and if you want to see what would be the result of your analysis with, by cheating when you just modify a point or by seeing what it would be if it was even worse than what you see, you can do this really quickly just using BQ plot. So, and actually one thing that's really frustrating with classical widget interactions is that with a pointer you can only do one thing at a time. You can click at only one point on the screen. So you have at most X and Y, so a two dimensional control, but video games or gamers know that you have other types of interactions that you can have with a computer and it happens that the browser has an API for gamepads and so which we exposed in IPI widgets as a controller widget. So in this example here, I instantiate a controller, I'm being prompted with a message asking me to connect my gamepad and press a button and right away I would see the state of the different access and buttons of my gamepad displayed and I can easily wire this to whichever data analysis I may have done. So, now you know as data scientists you get to play with gamepad. And so just for the fun of it, since I really have to hurry, so there is another visualization library in the notebook called Py2JS that uses WebGL to perform 3D graphics in the notebook. So it works really well, super fluid. And for example, we can use it if you want to visualize terrain elevation data. So here I use GDAL to download some terrain elevation data for the Grand Canyon and display it in Py2JS. So there you go. Unfortunately, the camera is not very well positioned. So rather than trying to iterate by changing the position of the camera manually in the code, what I can do is just control the camera position with the gamepad. So here in like 10 lines of code, I wired it to my gamepad that I can, which I can plug. Sorry, is it here? Yeah, there you go. And now we almost have Flight Simulator in the Jupyter Notebook that is pretty awesome. And what I find amazing here is that this entire example for the Toy Flight Simulator that we wrote here takes about 20 lines of code. So you can do really non-trivial things using interactive widgets in the notebook using BQplot, Tratlets, and Py2JS. Thank you. So I'll take one question. So the question was, is this notebook available somewhere? Yes, it is. It's on a binder. So you can play it live without having to install anything on the internet. Yeah, I'll send you the link. Evening. I'll give the disclaimer right up front. I have nothing. His cool was that. So I'm sorry. I have no gamepad. I'm Peter Prenti. I work at IBM in the Emerging Technology Group. I'm gonna talk a little bit about how, some of the things we've been working on in the Jupyter community. We've been longtime Jupyter users.  We did a bunch of Watson engagements, analyzing output of Watson experiments that the machine actually played jeopardy. But more recently, we've gotten involved in the community trying to give back because IBM, we think Jupyter is important to us and to the broader community. So I'm gonna call this 10 new reasons to use Jupyter. This is the first time you're seeing Jupyter. I guess it'll be 10 reasons to try Jupyter.  And that's actually the first one I'm gonna talk about is why IBM thinks this is important. It's really about time to value is the way we like to approach it with customers and the customers talking to us. We think, and our customers are finding interactive computing helps reduce the accidental complexity in their data science workflow. And a lot of the things I'm gonna show you are in that vein. I can sit in a consistent environment, use notebooks, use my language of choice, mix languages, not have to worry about swivel chairing between tools and get to deployment, dissemination, delivering the data product via the dashboard, a notebook itself, a slideshow, some insight, right? Jupyter, we think IBM thinks our team thinks is a nice platform that's headed in that direction to help our customers get there faster and realize that future. So some of the things we're directly involved with and this is by no means the complete ecosystem of things going on around Jupyter. One of them, number two here is Docker Saks. It's actually a project under Jupyter.  Does everyone know what Docker is? Can I see a show of hands? Good amount, if you don't afterwards talk to someone to put their hand up for me.  There's a bunch of different flavors that we have out there. We're looking for new contributions. We're really trying to decrease the barred entry to getting these things running. One of the kernels that IBM's working on, IBM is a big investment in Spark for big data analytics. Right here at Berkeley was where Spark was born. Apache Tori is its new name. It's actually an Apache project. It's a Jupyter kernel that combines Scala, Python, R, works with the Jupyter notebook. There's actually Scala code being written right there. And they're actually working right now on sharing data frames, data structures across those three languages. So you can mix all three, single notebook, work in Tori, and use Spark. There's actually a Docker stacks image, I should say, with that pre-configured. So if you're into Spark using Spark at all, check it out. It's got all three of those languages pre-installed with the kernel working in the notebook. Another thing we found when using Jupyter was the proliferation of notebooks. Working with the team, you start doing ad hoc analysis left and right, and sooner or later it's like, where did I do that? Where was that code that I'd like to copy paste? So we built a little extension. It's out in the Jupyter incubator. It links for all these at the end of the talk, by the way. It does full text search across your notebooks. So you can actually search across all your notebooks. It will show you the name of the notebook. It'll search inside the notebook too. And there's more capabilities I'll show in a minute where you can actually reuse the code in that one notebook in another, either importing it or actually inserting a snippet and so on. Another big request from our people we worked with in our engagements is, it's great I did all this work in a notebook, but now I want to stand up a standalone or create a dashboard, let's say, a layout where users that don't really care about the code that was used to arrive at the insights or do the analysis, they don't want to see that. They want to hide it and get something like this where there's plots, there's interactive widgets, the iPy widgets or BQ plot or whatever, lay those out in a dashboard layout and now be able to share that notebook with other users so they can view the dashboard and just interact with the widgets without having to scroll through all the code. We have an extension out in the incubator that enables this to, actually I'll come back to this one in a minute because it does a little bit more than that, but just think of it as a dashboard layout. To go along with that, the topic of the night is lots of interactive plotting of widgets and things. We actually are exploring another area of can we work with other ecosystems of widgets? Has anyone heard of web components or Polymer? A few people, not as many as I expected, right? So it's a rising HTML standard, let's say. We're kind of betting on, we're emerging tech, we're supposed to push the envelope that there will be an ecosystem of these web components that we want to be able to put into Jupyter Notebook and actually have them in line. And you can see here, this is actually HTML, so it's sort of language agnostic in a sense. This will work in R, Scala, and Python today. You write these declarative tags and you can pull in Polymer components like this WebGL globe and actually bind it to data. So you can bind it to a data frame, you can bind it to really anything. You've got to match the spec of the widget, obviously. But this is a core component of if you're gonna start thinking about dashboards from Notebooks, well, you need interactivity, you need these types of capabilities, otherwise you just got static images and plots and whatnot. So dashboards within Notebooks, within Jupyter, interactive widgets within Notebooks, within Jupyter. Another part of that puzzle is, well, a lot of the time, the ultimate deliverable is a standalone web app. It's great to be able to ship someone a Notebook and say, okay, you run Jupyter, install all this stuff, you could reproduce what I did. But for a lot of users, that's too high of a bar for entry. It's great for us data scientists, not for the general public. So can we take this a step further? Can I take my Notebook? Can I do the layout? Here's a very simple one. Can I then deploy it, which is what we're working on, to a standalone web server and have it run as a standalone web application. So that's what this is demoing here. In a moment, I think it shows a more complex one, I hope, because Hello World's nice, but you like to see really fun things. I think it's demoing. If we make a change to the Notebook, you can think about the workflow. Someone comes back and says, well, I want to look at it this way, okay, change a little bit of code, redeploy. It's running as a standalone web app again, right? And I think, yeah. Here's a much more complex example. It pulls in a WebGL globe. It pulls in some D3 visualization. We can also deploy full web applications, right? We're really pushing the envelope on what we can do there. Not only, another customer request we get often is not, I want to publish a web application, which is fine for certain use cases where applications have a short shelf life. People are going to interact with it, say, oh yeah, I understand what the data's telling me now, and then it kind of gets thrown away. But if you're really trying to put a full-on dashboard or web app in the production, a lot of the companies have dedicated software dev teams to do that. But what they're finding is the work in Notebooks, a Notebook will be handed off to software dev teams and say, go reimplement this, build REST APIs, build web APIs from this. So we're also trying to enable, this is the worst demo ever, right? It's using a web JSON API through my web browser, so you should just sync blocks as you go. But we're trying to enable the ability to annotate Notebooks, as I'm doing here. A little comments syntax that works with our Scala Python, we've tried a bunch of different languages, to say these cells are a web API, right? And then someone could code a web application and call this, right? So Notebook defined web APIs microservices, right? Code reuse, again, is one of the big problems we find, we're collaborating, again, playing on this idea of annotations in the Notebook. Can we turn Notebooks into reusable code modules? Can I import a Notebook as a Python module? This one only works in Python today. And actually invoke functions in that Notebook, right? So I could start sharing the Notebooks without having to think about it. First, I gotta turn into a .py file and put in a package and commit it to Git and have my team pull from there. We can actually just ship around Notebooks and invoke functions that are defined in them. That's sort of what this is showing, my very slow typing here, but in a moment, hopefully this will show something popping up with high-py widgets right in line, where that code is not from a Python module, but is from another Notebook. Just skip ahead so you don't have to wait. Oh, that's terrible when I skip ahead. Let's not do that, we'll go on to the next one. Anyway, IBM clearly, you know, great, we're contributing to open source. We do have some hosted solutions in IBM Cloud that are pulling in Jupyter and beginning to embed Jupyter. One of them is called the IBM Data Scientist Workbench, very novel naming, right? It's a combination of Jupyter, Zeppelin, Open, Refine, RStudio, all hosted together and kind of working together. It's used in IBM's big data university endeavor, a lot of data science training and classes online. Another, this screenshot is IBM Bluemix, which is sort of a cloud pass, a platform as a service, where they're starting to surface a Notebook user experience. It is Jupyter with Spark behind it.  If you could put your data in the cloud, you could pay IBM, you know, whatever the rate is here to get everything hosted for you, right? That was 10, but I got one bonus, which is, like I said at the beginning, we're a tiny piece of the Jupyter ecosystem, right? I'm talking about things I have direct knowledge of because I'm involved in them, but people are doing amazing things with Jupyter. We very recently published a survey, this was last week, a colleague of mine wrote this off with input from other people about the Jupyter project ecosystem. All the wonderful things are going on, both in the core dev team, at companies, in academia, in industry, and so on. So check it out. I think there's something like 60 some odd links in this at the end, the different things to look at around Jupyter. It was pretty cool, it was fun to write. And they're all the links. But you don't have to copy all those down because this presentation is a notebook, is a gist. So somehow I will make sure it gets there so you can just go through it and look at all of this at the end. Thank you.


Hi everyone, Joe for Jaspy's CaseBreaks.com coming at you with 2020 Panini Mosaic Football Blaster Edition This is our we flew through all four of the cases that we got folks. So thank you very much This is our last case for the time being we'll try to get some more We do have Mosaic no huddle on the site ladies and gentlemen if you want to get that going and a break credit promo going on We're gonna have Sean help us out on the top camera right there He's gonna get a head start on popping these open while I do the bangles randomizer right here in PYT Pick your team number four. No veteran commons ship You got to buy at least two teams to get entries as most of you know by now. So thanks everyone for picking your teams Let's sort your names by your first names if you bought at least two teams will get one entry So Adam bought two. He's got one Andrew bought two. He's got one So does Chris and Danny EA got four. So that's two entries right there Jesse with two That's an entry Joe Howard with two. That's an entry John Gotti with two. That's an entry Matthew Shearer with four. That's two entries Sean Maddock with six. That's three entries and Serenity with two that's an entry right there We just kind of spot-check this list make sure everyone's Adam Andrew Chris Danny EA Jesse Joe John Matthew Sean and Serenity the no huddle additions are pick your teams as well if you want to get into that And no fillers or anything like that either We just fill that straight up and give away break credit details are in the break schedule name on top after 11 we'll get the bangles one two three four seven and 11th and final time congrats to Matthew Shearer ding ding There you go Matthew Shearer after 11 times. I should be doing the bell to celebrate there. You are Matthew Right there. You got the little rooftop next to your name that lets you know that you Won the bangles in some sort of give away filler type break Let's print And then check out all the breaks on Jasper's case breaks.com. There are plenty we can do tonight One of my my prime time shift is done at nine o'clock Pacific folks And then Sean right here will be taken over to do the late-night shift. So put him to work boys and girls Put him to work All right, here's the final prayer right here. Thanks everyone for getting into the action on the first of the month First of the month it's the first of the month already Sean. Isn't that crazy? September has flown by pretty quickly. In these crazy COVID times We want the funk Not that bad I think it's a reality show. It's not not nuts. Not like loving the time of cholera Melon Gordon got a got a touch on maybe they seem to be celebrating Wow you guys touch down to he just snatched a ball out of a jet's corners hands Do we ever do new release breaks at midnight? No never You 90% of the time we don't even get the product until the day of the release anyway No, yeah, and they don't they frown upon that They don't allow it NFL debut Justin Herbert people do it, but I feel like we're Feel like they're a little more under the radar. It's just too big time Danny. Just too big time NFL debut Justin Herbert Want to Chris P and the bolts? He's underground where we just do illegal breaks Jasper's underground base Justin Herbert Got like cases of flawless like chain to beds and stuff Liam Neeson Very specifics out of skills Justin Herbert another one for Chris P family show lays down He's got like he's got like Giannis era and tea basketball like sitting there It's not we're all going at all Wow Yeah, but de cons we're too we're too big league to go under it So it's and really most of the time it's just we don't even if we were tempted to we couldn't we don't even get products until the day of Some shops Can get it the debut some shops sometimes get the day before if there's no rhyme or reason to it Sometimes we get stuff the night before We just sit on it till the next day. I don't really know what the punishment could be Oh Joe Burrow NFL debut green like there's no like No, like breaking police, right? Oh No, nothing I didn't get a shoebox Yeah, just a two-row shoebox, thank you NFL debut Joe Burrow green for Matthew Shearer and the Cincinnati Bengals, I think maybe Actually, don't know what what would happen if we broke stuff early. I think a it's frowned upon and Then you know, maybe maybe your distributors aren't as nice to you There's no like breaking police, you know, I mean like well, yeah, I would assume I assume it would be the distributors that would be mad not the company I think they would like restrict your a lot Distributors Here's to a Sean Maddock with the Dolphins, right? Anybody ever Pinpoint what oh Oh, I see so if we if we got a case from distributor a b c and we broke stuff from distributor c They wouldn't know if it was a case from distributor c or a Yeah, maybe maybe all just maybe they'll just all get mad Yeah, they'd cancel our accounts and Save no more no more allotments Our phone calls return slower Guess that's the risk Because then it just ruins the whole idea of a new release. I guess that's the problem NFL debut green Otherwise release dates would just be a free-for-all That's another Justin Herbert green Herbert this time NFL debut green Herbert for Christopher P There's teammate Derwin James hurt again What's wrong with that guy? No, he's not because he's hurt again for the second year in a row Like two years ago Right now no the best of you said this before to be the best ability is availability quote Sean Jaspy But he's not available so he's not able You'd be tempted if you owned a shop and got stuff for well, I'm sure shop owners Will open up if you know personal breaks of stuff or personal boxes of stuff for themselves I'm sure that happens. I mean no one knows right? You just wait until the next day to Put it on eBay or whatever if you wanted to there's JK Dobbins for Joe Yeah, but I mean I've seen people post stuff Pretty early too, and I don't know what kind of trouble they get into that's a little bit harder Tom Brady buccaneers. Yeah NFL debut Clyde Edwards E. Lair That's where the chiefs. That's gonna go to Jesse and the chiefs Terrible, they don't want that to happen. We need Creole seat sweeping log Wow, and then it just takes all that soot and dust and dirt and cleans it right out I Don't need a chimney sweep anymore I don't know I don't need to your fireplace. I don't need a chimney sweep anymore Why are all these tapes named after all all these years Frog tape just depends on what cute animal you like Sean jasper. Come on I don't know why someone hasn't done that Duck tape duct tape Jordan love green Patrick Mahomes silver Patrick folks not Pat Patrick Mahomes goes to Jesse and the chiefs Jordan love goes to Matthew and the Packers Carry on my way word Carry on Johnson That's a better batch NFL debut green Henry rugs the third Speedster will to win Aaron Rodgers Sony Michelle For someone has It's been some lean years for the raiders why has someone actually done that It's like I mean I would imagine years later. They would say it not like on draft night My dad told me not to go to the target Worked out you want to serve bowls.  These are very short printed.  He's a little behind on the vid, but we will try to keep that Justin Herbert train going Let's keep trains going for everybody Jalen Hertz rookie green NFL debut Clyde Edwards E. Lair Chiefs that'll be for Jesse Are there even any in Oh just in general I feel like yes, are they numbered like one of one No, oh, yes, PN two Stupid podries lose already. Why are they tied at six? Let's go dance. I guess they don't want to go down. You don't want to lose Yes, PN. Dos right here. So instead of the e-60 Ja, Marant It's baseball commercial Women's college volleyball Oh That would have that would have damaged the printer Not have been terrible. All right Brett Rippin throw Catch out of this bounce out of the sense John Taylor going to the Colts. That'll be for John G Nice got the Jets on the Jets. Who are you on in this game, Sean? We are at odds The old donkeys dirty donkeys Dirty dirty donkeys that's one thing we can agree on Sean our hatred of the Denver Broncos you can get together on that Third most hated who's first most hated chiefs Oh, not not the little old Raiders the lovable Raiders and Silver and black We are so lovable we're weird We've got cuddly shanks cute spikes on our shoulders Got pink knives Pink butterfly knives that are really fun Yeah, yeah, I don't know John Samson I Thought that would be done today, but but no the select box sells out of break Nobody wants to do it. Everyone's in the football mood. I guess Right and a chance at a box you can win a box in the pick your team break to if you win teams You'd be in the entry for that Rex we might not even be able to forward triple threads if that bowman chrome pick your team number nine doesn't move tonight We don't fill those baseball breaks tonight. We're not gonna be able to forward triple threats for next week That would not be good No, what that doesn't I mean that's even that's that's that's that's less less products for next week Entire case Maybe people had to pay rent today, I guess It's the first of them Yeah Definitely Donald going deep Is that a clean play no, it's an interception At some point you gotta Have to let him play right he was stride for stride. I think he looked back to Yeah, he looked back so he was playing the ball not the man They're hand checking each other Right both of our house holding his jersey might be even might even be I Remembered to pay rent. Don't forget to pay rent folks. It's the first of them No, you can I mean it takes a long time to get It's true Dirty dirty I don't know I think they're I don't know No, it's second and five No, it's yeah, it's deep. Yeah, defensive I know I wasn't paying attention There's a got game green that looks a little different but it's just a light green in the background it looks cool though That'll go to the Steelers A beard off You would never be able to leave There's a green. It's like it's like it's like braces Graces locking up And the other beard begins Clyde Edwards-y lair green rookie green for the chiefs and we'll go to Jesse I don't remember Ricky Schroeder. I remember Duke Johnson jr. Scripts Autograph going to Sean Maddock and the Texans autographs are few and far between blaster boxes, but here's one. I'll go for the touchdown I know why people do this Always good you're that close Fourth and four I'm maybe maybe it feels fourth and two I don't know the the numbers suggest that in a position like that just forget it always go for it have the extra down You would you would you would you would run it and then run it on third down it changes everything now And you're running it on third down To a tag of oil a tag of Viola NBA debut NBA NFL debut going to Sean Maddock So used to mosaic basketball Johnson Taylor silver for the Colts John G Yeah, just saw me have a stroke at their Lynn Badham jr. Green That beard's not worthy Arthur says all right nice. Thank you Sean for popping all that open appreciated box one box two Box three and the fourth and final box right here Kid reporter kid reporter kid reporter All right. Good luck. Who had the best beard ever in the MLB? I don't know a lot of good mustaches in baseball who had a good beard. Who was playing with a beard? Did are a dicky sport of beard Long CDH Archie Archie Bradley has a good beard I feel like old Dodgers reliever and punk rocker Scott Radinsky had like a good Good beard. Oh, Brian Wilson, right Brian Wilson had a good beard. That's it That's that's probably the best beard in base in baseball. It's a good beard Jake Arietta had a good one. I'm not sure Arthur. We were trying to figure out how that was passing her clearance as well It just seemed very just seemed very odd The players were We're running side-by-side and then the the corner actually turned his head and What played the ball and they were both kind of tugging at each other so It looked like it was it just kind of offset, but I guess not I guess it was passing her clearance on the defense By rule the ball will be placed the spot of the foul First down Jets which they turned into a field goal. You should have turned into a touchdown They were gifted they were gifted that pass interference. They should have went for the touchdown Be aggressive Adam Gase. Come on, man. It doesn't believe in his offense That way you can run it on third down Get even closer and they can run her pass it fourth down that close to the end zone in a game like this and I guess you don't trust the defense to not give up a big play. There's a Justin Herbert Antonio Gibson for Kurt and the Washington football team Justin Herbert going to the Colts Colts going to the Charters. I need to eat some food starving Christopher Need a Snickers distracted by this game too But yet I'm gonna apologize for him says Choi Not an Adam Gase apologists, but let me apologize for him Just got to go for it show your team some confidence Show some belief in your team Another autograph looks like Clyde Simmons Old Eagle I guess I'm not familiar with Clyde Simmons, but the boss man was here He might have a good Clyde Simmons story John Gotti with the Philadelphia fly Eagles fly Leonard Fournette Jags edition and Zach Erts green and there you go boys and girls Big thanks to Sean for helping out with the break shortens up the break considerably. Thank you Here are some of the highlights right here Jordy Nelson a Joe Burrell a lot of Justin Herbert's in the mix right there too and some good stuff that we sleeved up here as well Rookie color was excellent and there you go ladies gentlemen. I'm Joe for jazzy's case breaks calm That was pick your team number four twenty twenty a mosaic football blaster edition We don't have any more blasters tonight But what we do have is a no huddle additions and we're giving away break credit in that no huddle as well check it out Jasper's case breaks calm. We'll see you next time. Bye. Bye


I saw her in a car with a whole group of guys, and I was like, hey, what you're doing? You don't want to do that. It could turn out badly, and let's go back into this second party. And so she was like, no, come on, come with me, come with me. And the only thing I could think in my head was if I let her go and something happens to her, I will not be able to live with myself. One of the guys asked if I wanted to change the CD. And I said, sure. So we get in, and I pick the CD, and he plays the music, and he turns up louder. And then he violently throws me onto the ground, and he violently rapes me on the ground. While he was raping me, I was screaming, and so I heard a door open, and I'm thinking that I'm gonna be saved and helped. And as I look back, I see a guy and he looks me in my eyes, and he just simply like, he just closes the door back. He didn't care, or he didn't want to get involved, but I felt like that I didn't matter enough for him to step in and save me from what was happening. I really just didn't want to wake up. Like, I just wanted to just die. I didn't want to kill myself, because, but I didn't want to wake up. I would actually get mad at God and say, why did you wake me up? Because I just felt like I wasn't worth anything. I felt like I didn't matter. I felt like no one could, no one cared. No one wanted to help me or support me. Or it was either that or I was a really good actress, and people thought I was okay, but I wasn't okay. We get so mission-minded where we feel like the mission, the mission, the mission, but it's people that are doing the mission. And if the people aren't okay, and if they're hurting, then the mission isn't being done to its fullest capacity. And it's important to get from behind your desk and to not just feel like I just have to send this email, feel like it's important to go to the person and say, hey, just wanted to tell you that X, Y, and Z, or whatever it is that you need to tell someone, you should get up away from your desk sometimes and go talk to them and find out about their life.  I really feel like it's so important for everyone to look out for everyone and not just say, oh, that's just the first-church job, or that's just the flight chief's job. No, it's everyone's job.


Okay. All right. So the recording has started. Welcome back to the second hour for our class, BC 111 on faith. And thank you for staying connected here. Let's pick up a question from Paul. The question is from Galatians 3, 23. The faith mentioned that is there a difference between of all those believers believed and the faith mentioned in the New Testament. So the answer to that question is no, it is the same faith in God in the Old Testament and in the New Testament. And very interestingly, as we study the New Testament, the New Testament points to an Old Testament figure, Abraham, as the father of faith. And then Romans 4 tells us, follow the faith of Abraham. So that's very interesting because we are in the New Testament, but it's pointing to Abraham says, you know, he's the father of faith and follow the steps of his faith. So we can conclude therefore that faith in the Bible, whether it's in the Old Testament or New Testament is the same. And in fact, we will see that the very principles we are talking about faith in the New were actually given to the people in the Old and we will be referencing Old Testament scriptures as well. So it's it, you know, the answer to your question is it's the same. All right. Okay, all right. So, yeah, so we will talk a little bit about we have a whole chapter on faith and patience. So we will, we will discuss that, you know, how faith and patience work together. It's in all these are important questions that each of you are asking. And, you know, we will talk about these things as we progress. Okay. So I'm going to go back to our lecture notes so that we could progress on that. And we will take up questions again towards the after I just move forward a bit. Right. So what we've done so far is we've looked at Hebrews 11 and we've tried to understand from this verse of scripture what faith is. And I would encourage you to come back. I just read the notes. I read the PDF given you some here.  Further down in Hebrews chapter 11, the next point I want us to understand about faith is that faith connects us to God. Yeah. So God is spirit. We are also spirit beings, but we are living in a natural body. You know, we spend so much of our time engaging with natural things. You know, we're living in this world. We are thinking, we're analyzing, we use our mind and we go about our day to day activities. So so much of our time is used up in the natural things of life. You know, but then faith enables us to connect with God who is spirit. Right. And that's why Hebrews 11-1, Hebrews 11-6, sorry. It says, without faith, it's impossible to please him. For he who comes to God must believe that he is.  So we come to God believing that he is. So faith, my faith is involved in my connection with God and faith connects me to God. And when we are connected to God, we are taken outside of this natural realm. That means we are no longer confined to what we can do with our own strength and own abilities, but now we are connected to God and together with God we can do much more than, you know, what we are, our own strength or our own abilities. Right. So the second important thing for us to understand is faith connects us to God. We come to God believing that he is and that when I believe that he is, I'm connected with God. It pleases him. And the same verse is telling us that faith is required to please God without faith. It's impossible to please him. He verse 11 verse 6. Or if you want to turn it around, you could say, faith pleases God. When I have faith in God, I am pleasing God. Right. Faith is required to please God. Now, the next thing I want to emphasize as we just introduced this subject of faith is that faith is in the person of Jesus Christ. Faith isn't the person. So faith is not some mental gymnastics.  Faith is not, you know, a psychological game. Faith isn't the person. The Bible says looking to Jesus. That means faith is focused on the person looking to Jesus. He is the author and finisher of our faith. The author means the originator, the source, the beginner. He's the author. My faith, our faith starts with him. It's because of him. It is in him. And he is the finisher, meaning he's the perfect. He's the complete of our faith. So remember Bible faith, Bible faith. We're talking about Bible faith. Bible faith isn't the person of Jesus. Bible faith is not, you know, a set of, you know, make-believe things. No, it's in the person. And faith works because of whom we have faith in. We have faith in God. Like Mark 11, 22, Jesus said, have faith in God. Our faith is in God, in the person. And faith works. Faith produces. Faith is powerful. Faith is effective because of the one in whom we have faith. It's in Jesus Christ, right? So keep that in mind because the world, the world has its copy, right?  And, you know, it's just, they think it's more of a mental game, a psychological game, but that's not Bible faith. Bible faith is not a psychological game. Bible faith is in the person. And Bible faith works because God works. God answers. God responds to faith. Next, we must understand that faith is based on relationship, right? So we look at Abraham. You know, Abraham was called the father of faith, but very interestingly in James 2 and verse 23, Abraham is also called the friend of God. Abraham believed God, or Abraham had faith in God. And God gave him righteousness and he was called a friend of God. Faith is based on relationship. Now, because we have a relationship with God, because this relationship with God is growing, we cannot faith in him. So Bible faith is not a set of rules. It's not some mechanical thing.  No, it's based on relationship. We are in a covenant relationship with Almighty God. And out of that, because of that relationship, I can have faith. Because of that relationship with God was a covenant keeping God. I can believe, I can have confidence, even in things I'm not seeing, even things that I'm hoping for. Because of that relationship, right? So that's very important. Faith is based on our covenant relationship with God and who God is. It's not some mechanical thing, right? Next important thing to understand is that faith is of the heart. This is important, right? Romans 10 verse 10 says, with the heart one believes. How do you believe? You believe with the heart. So the heart is just another word, especially the New Testament is used to refer to the spirit of man. So we as beings, we are spirit, soul and body. Each of us spirit, soul and body. Right? So with the heart, one believes. It means we believe with the heart. So sometimes what we believe may not be fully understood by our mind, our logic. So faith is of the heart. The mind, our soul, our mind may not fully understand it, sometimes our mind cannot explain it because faith is of the heart, it's not of the mind. Now, it is good with our mind that we think, we ask questions, we understand certain things, all that is good. But faith is of the heart, but the heart one believes. So many times what you believe in your heart is bigger than what you can understand with your mind. And so we are not confined to what we can understand with our mind because we are living by what we believe in our heart. That's why 2 Corinthians 5 and verse 7 says, we walk by faith, not by sight. My mind operates by sight, my mind can operate by what I see, hear, feel, touch and taste and all of that. But we walk how we live, as we live by what we believe in our heart, what the faith that we have. So faith is of the heart and many times it's much bigger than what our mind can understand. You know, think about the time, and you know, we will see many examples of this. Think about the time that Jesus told Peter, Peter was in the boat, there was a storm, he saw Jesus coming and walking on the water and Peter says, Lord, if it is you, bid me come walking on the water. Tell me to come to you. And Jesus gives him just one word, he says, come. And Peter steps out of the boat and he walks on the water to go to Jesus. Now try to imagine at that moment as Peter is stepping out of the boat and putting his feet on the water. His mind is saying, Peter, you cannot walk on the water.  And his mind will be saying, Peter, what are you doing? But he has heard the word. The word said, come. And he's stepping out. So his faith is in the person, Jesus. His faith is in the word Jesus has given him. Although his mind cannot fully figure this out, his mind is not going to be able to do any kind of calculation to give him a reason as to why he can walk on the water. Mind cannot do it. But he steps out and he walks on the water. That's just, yeah, so that is an illustration for us here that many times faith is of the heart. And it takes us beyond what our minds can understand. I'm not saying don't use your mind. God gave us our mind. We have to use it. We think with our mind and, you know, we live in this natural world with our mind. That's fine. But faith supersedes that. Next, we see in many places in scripture and I've listed some of these verses here that God calls us to live by faith. So God is saying, I want you to live by faith. So don't live just by your mind. We have to use our mind. I'm not, you know, we have to use our mind where to make a lot of decisions and various things we do and God wants us to use our mind. He gave it to us. But he says, I want you to live by faith.  So even when you make decisions, you're making them based on your faith in God, not based on fear, not based on doubt, not based on unbelief, but based on faith, right?  As we said in the very beginning, God has called us to live by faith and faith will touch every aspect of our lives. We're called to live by faith and we walk by faith, right? And in Galatians 22 or chapter 2 verse 20, Paul, he says, you know, I live by faith. I live by faith in the Son of God. I live by faith in the Son of God. So that's how he lives. I'm living by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me. Now, a few other things in this introduction chapter. We all are familiar with this, how faith is conceived. It's as faith comes by hearing and Romans 10 17. Faith comes by hearing and hearing the Word of God, by the Word of God, right? So how is faith generated in our hearts? It's through the Word of God. Faith is based on what God has said, right? It is based on who God is and what he has spoken to us, right? So faith is based on that. We rest upon this word. God has made a promise. God has spoken. God has given his word to me. So faith comes by hearing and hearing by the Word of God, hearing by the Word of God. So God's Word is the basis for our faith. Hearing the Word of God is the basis for our faith. And we will see this in many examples as we go along, that the Word of God is what births faith. Now, I just want to mention here one, we have the written scriptures. You know, God has given us his written word. So all our faith is founded on that, on the written scriptures. And then there are times when God speaks to our spirit. So there are personal words in God speaks to our spirit. It's not necessarily chaptered words. It could be something very specific that God speaks and says, he says, you go and do this. I want you to step out and do this. He gives you a very direct word, but it comes through a dream. It may come as an inner witness in your spirit. It may be a prophetic word. It may come through the gifts of the spirit or some other way. God may speak a specific word. Now, even that word generates faith, right? So there is the written word of God, which is uppermost. But then there may be personal directive words God gives to us, which, you know, when we are sure that we've heard from God and it's aligned to the written word, that word acted upon also will produce in our lives and we must learn to go with that. And one example is this. In Acts 27 was just 2325. And this was a time when Paul was on his journey to Rome by ship and they went into bad weather conditions. What happened? An angel of God came and he said, Paul, don't be afraid. God has granted that you will come before Caesar and those with you will also come there. They will be brought safe. And so Paul says, you know, I believe God, it will be just as it was told me. That means this is a specific word brought to Paul. God is an angel to bring that word to him. And he says, I believe God. Now, that word brought faith in his heart. And sure enough, both Paul and all the people with him and the ship were saved. Okay. So let me pause here and see if there are any questions, anything that anybody wants to ask. Any questions? Elisha has a question. Can we have faith to receive from God outside of Jesus Christ? Can we have faith? Can we have faith to receive from God outside of Jesus Christ? Elisha, would you like to explain that question a little bit so I can understand it better before I answer. Pastor, I think my question was even answered in your explanation of faith that is birth in Christ. So I am okay. I get the question. I get the answer to the question. Thank you very much. Okay. So you're saying we learned from Hebrews 12 that Jesus is the author and finisher of faith. So faith starts and ends, culminates in Jesus. So Bible faith is in the person of Jesus Christ. And yeah, you cannot sort outside of Jesus. Okay. Okay. Yeah. Good. Any other questions so far? I know I've gone over several introductory points about faith. Any questions on that? Okay. So Joash has a question. By the specific word which is spoken to us which causes faith. Right. So Joash, so there are two dimensions to this. Right. The first is the written scriptures. Right. So there are promises in the written scriptures which are for all of us. You know, the Bible says that God is no respecter of persons. Right. Romans 2 verse 11 also in Acts 10, 34, he says, you know, God is no respecter of persons. He has no partiality. Right. And we know that all the promises of God are yes and amen. Right. For all of us, not just for some, all of us, all the promise 2 Corinthians 1 verse 20, all the promises of God are yes and amen. So that is the first thing. All of us equally can believe the scriptures at every promise. You can take it. It's for you. God spoke to you. It's for you. Everything Jesus did on the cross is for all of us. So all of us can believe the written scriptures and receive. So that's the first basis. The word of God, faith comes by hearing, hearing by the word of God. So that's the first thing. We go with the written scriptures, the Bible. Secondly is a specific word, personal word. So each one of us are going through, you know, different situations in life. Some may be students, some may be working, some may be doing different things. Okay. So in our personal situation, God will speak a specific word. Now that specific word can come through a quickening of the scripture. It can come through an inner witness of the Holy Spirit. It can come through a dream or a vision. God gives you. It can come through a prophetic word. Right. So many different ways. And we just looked at an example where God sent an angel to speak to the apostle Paul and bring a message. So that's a personal word that God gives to you and you step out on it. And God, you know, does wonderful things in response to that. Okay. So both are important. One is the Bible, the scripture, and one is the personal word that God speaks to us. And maybe as we go along in this course, I'll just share some stories and experiences. But, you know, I want us to learn the Bible, not listen to stories. So we'll spend most of our time, you know, in scripture, but now and then I'll share some stories. Okay. So next question was from our days. Sometimes faith is saying to speak to a person. I'm speaking them sometimes and confused about my faith. So how can grow my faith? Okay. How can I grow on my faith? Okay. Sure. So we will, but we have a chapter, actually two chapters coming up. One is on, you know, how to nurture your faith and now the chapter on how to develop strong faith. Right. So we will be addressing those things in detail. But very quickly, just to give you a preview, you know, one is you develop strong faith by the word of God, meditating on the word of God. Second, you develop your faith by speaking the word of God. Another way to develop your faith is by exercising your faith. You know, faith is like a muscle. So just if we look at our own physical body, when you exercise your muscle, it causes the muscle to become stronger. Right. So faith is like that. You exercise, you use it and it'll strengthen your faith. So those are some things that then it's also good to be around people of faith, to be among the people who believe God that will encourage our faith. Right. So that also helps. So these are some things and we will study more later on. Okay. Devya, how can we make sure that the specific word God spoke is from God or from within ourselves? Yeah. So that's a very big question. Right. So every personal word, you know, a specific word that comes, we have to test it. Right. The Bible tells us to test all things. First, the Salonians five, I think it's verse 21, it says test all things, hold fast to what is good. So first, the Salonians five, yeah, verse 21, test all things. So we have to test those words, whether the prophecies and dreams or visions or inner witness, we have to test it. And the one important thing is, let me just mention very quickly here, one is we test it with the word of God. So make sure that whatever we feel in our inner witness or the prophecy is not contradicting the written scriptures. Second, it's important to have two or more witnesses. Right. So we read about this in Second Corinthians 13, verse one and two, that there's got to be two or more witnesses. So if God, if you feel in your inner witness that God is leading me to do this, we say God, confirm that one more way. So he may confirm it through something you read in the Bible that quickens your heart. He may confirm it to you by a dream or a vision or by an open door, you know, so there's a confirmation coming. So the mouth of two or three witnesses, every word is established. So you ask God for two or three witnesses. Okay. So that will help confirm that word, especially when it's a specific word. Elisha, is that okay? David, you have a question? No, no, I'm saying thank you. Okay. Okay. Two more questions. Let's see now. Elisha has a question. How does the exercise of faith relate to this? Okay. How does the exercise of faith relate with the sovereignty of God? Very good question. I think the next chapter, a chapter that's coming up, I think maybe some second chapter deals with it. Right. We're going to talk about faith in God and the sovereignty of God, because that's a big idea. Okay. So we will pick that up in an entire chapter. I think it's the very next chapter, chapter two. We're going to talk about that. Okay. Faith in God and sovereignty of God. Okay. Elisha, so we'll be there soon. Isaac, what's the difference, if any, between belief and faith? Like they say, believe in God, have faith in God. Okay. So, so Isaac, like what we said, faith and believing God in the Bible, it comes from the same word, comes from the same Greek word. Faith is a noun, believe is a verb, but the root word is the same. So really, they mean the same thing. They mean the same thing. Except that, you know, believe is verb, faith is noun, but they come from the same Greek word. So what we can say is believing is the act of having faith, because believing is a verb, so believing is action. Believing is the act of having faith. It's the same thing. Faith is a noun. Faith is in the person. When you have faith in the person, you are believing. Believing is the act of having faith. So the answer to your question, Isaac, is they are the same thing. There is no difference. Just that believing is a verb. Faith is a noun. Okay. All right. Let's finish one more question. Elisha, what should be the measure of faith to receive from God? Just a sign, so I must see it on a greater measure. Elisha, when Jesus said, if you have faith like a mustard seed, you can move the mountain, he is showing us a power of faith. He's saying, this is a powerful faith, is that a mustard seed size of faith can affect so much change in the natural world. You can even move a mountain. That means that's how powerful faith is. Now there is, we don't have a way to measure faith in the sense that, you know, we can't take it out and put it into a measuring cup and say, you know, there's so many ounces of faith or so many liters of faith, we can't measure it. So like I had answered a little earlier, what we can say is the only way we know we have the faith that is required is when we see the job done. And now faith produces, we know we have the faith that's needed. If our faith is not producing, then we need to say, God, how do I perfect my faith? How do I bring my faith to that place of maturity? And very often, very often, our faith grows, it comes to that place of maturity. So that's why there's the time element that our faith is getting stronger and it comes to the place like we read in James 22, it comes to the place where it is able to produce. So we can't measure our faith, but we can tell whether our faith is producing, whether by the outcome it is not producing, then we just say, God, I'm going to just develop my faith to let produce this. I hope that answers your question. So the answer is, we need faith that we produce and we just need to grow. Please forgive me if I don't pronounce your name correctly, but Malongo lino, I hope I pronounced it correctly. What is your question, please? Yes, Pastor, I just wanted to know something. I have a minister friend of mine who usually just puts up programs and he believes that by faith this program is going to run. I mean, a sudden program like he can say on Sunday that we are having a conference on Wednesday and you know, you have to run up and down and make sure that things run. And I wanted to know is this faith, is it because sometimes I feel like I'm contradicting with the decision that he has made because I think that things should be done a certain way that they are not done. So I just wanted you to clarify on that maybe it would be of help, yes, in this kind of situation because if someone is being something that is right and I have a certain mind that is not right, it wouldn't be good for me. Thank you. Yeah, fine. Yes, Malongo, I understand your question, right? So there are times when God may tell us to do something instantly, but other times we need to prepare ourselves. We need to take the time to do it well. So let me talk about the second part first. You know, in 1 Corinthians 12 and verse 28, there is a gift or there's a function in the body of Christ. It talks about two, one is the ministry of helps and the other one is the ministry of administrations, right? So in that same verse, 1 Corinthians 12, 28, where it talks about the apostle, the prophet, the gifts of workings, miracles, healings, tongues, interpretation of tongues. It also talks about helps and administrations or government. The word there, the Greek word really there is talking about a person who is steering a ship. So can you imagine when somebody steers a ship, they don't just wake up one morning and say, okay, come on guys, we're all going to, you know, someplace. No, it's something that's planned. There's a lot of detail that goes into making a journey by ship. You need to know where you're going. You may need to, you know, put enough supplies on the ship. So to last the journey, the journey is going to be 30 days. You need enough supply in the ship. And, you know, you need all the people, you need the manpower, a lot of things. And a person who organizes that word there, 1 Corinthians 12, 28 administrations. So administration is a gift in the body of Christ. That means the ability to plan, organize, and, you know, all of that is in the body of, it's a God appointed, you know, Paul says in verse 28, God has appointed and then he says administrations. So this is just one example. And like we can see many examples in the Bible starting from Genesis till the end that God is a God of order.  Now think about God. He planned before the foundation of the world that Jesus would be the Lamb of God.  He could have sent Jesus the day after Adam sinned. No, but he planned and he executed this plan over a period of 4,000 years. So there's something we need to learn from God. They got plans and he plans way ahead of time. And he takes his time to execute the plan. So to answer your question, that's how we should be working. We should follow God's example, which is you plan to organize and you execute it well, do it well. So that's how we should be running our ministries or doing our ministry. Now there are times and this would be exceptions when God wants us to do something now. Example, Acts chapter 8, Philip is in Samaria and the Holy Spirit says Philip, go down to Gaza. I will tell you what to do. Go down to Gaza. So he goes there. Next thing, Holy Spirit says Philip, join the chariot. So Philip has no time to discuss, no time to plan. He just has to get into the chariot. So God does those things, those kinds of things, but those are exceptions, I would say, but we have to respond immediately. When God says join the chariot, you have to join the chariot. At that moment, now if Philip was saying God, give me three days to fast and pray the chariot would have been gone. If he would come there, there is no chariot. He had to join the chariot immediately. There's no time to do anything else. So there are times when God requires us to act immediately, do it now. But the norm is plan. God shows you things ahead of time. And we must learn to plan by the Spirit. And the Apostle Paul writes about this in 2 Corinthians chapter 1. He says, the things that I plan, do I plan according to the flesh or according to the Spirit? 2 Corinthians chapter 1. And let me give you the exact words. It's in verse 17. Paul is planning his ministry. And he says, what I'm planning, I'm planning by the Spirit. So the Holy Spirit shows you things ahead of time. And then you plan for that. 2 Corinthians chapter 1, verse 17. I hope that answers your question, Malongo. Thank you. Yes. All right. Now, Sravan Chinno. Passing a plan of faith for certain situations to happen. Is there any work that we need for action to complete the situation? Okay. So your question, Sravan Chinno, is you're using your faith for something. And your question is, do I just keep believing or do I need to do something? In most cases, we have to do something. Only if there is something, only if it's like, okay, I can't do anything beyond just believing, okay, then you just believe. But in most cases, God wants us to take action. There are certain things you can do to align or to get ready for that, whatever you're believing. So my answer to your question is, if there are things you can do, then start out doing those things in line with what God has shown you. Prepare yourself. If there's absolutely nothing you can do, then fine. Just believe. So it varies from situation to situation. All right. So let's just go back to our notes and we will try to cover some more ground before we close today. I'll go back to the notes and share the PDF. So a few more things here is faith in the Word of God is faith in God. Why? Because God is the one who spoke the Word. So when you and I believe the Bible, when you and I believe the promises in the Bible, we're actually having faith in God because we're believing God who spoke the Word. And a beautiful example is that of the Sancturian who came to Jesus and he said, Lord, just speak the Word. My servant will be healed. He said, just speak the Word. Why? Because I believe in you. Therefore, I believe in the power of your Word. I believe that when you speak, it will happen. So the Sancturian was expressing his faith in the person of Jesus when he said, just speak the Word. Because he believed in the authority in the person and the authority he carried. And he said, if you speak the Word, it will happen. Right? So remember, faith in the Word is faith in God himself. And I mentioned this earlier that faith is like a muscle. It grows as it is exercised. So Romans 12 verse 3 says that God has dealt to each one a measure of faith. God has given to all of us a measure of faith. So each one of us is believers. There's a starting measure of faith in our hearts. We can't say there is no faith. No, he's put that faith. But now we have to grow that. And how do we grow it when we exercise that faith? Paul writes to the Thessalonians. He writes in 2nd Thessalonians 1-3 and he says, your faith grows exceedingly. Look at that. Your faith grows exceedingly. So that they had the measure of faith. But now the faith was growing. It was getting bigger. It was getting stronger. And so we are going to learn how to grow our faith, how to develop our faith in God. And just to put it in simple terms, faith grows as we feed it, nurture it, and exercise it. So what must we do?  We will explain these things as we go along. Now we must understand that for our faith to grow in our hearts, it needs the right environment. It needs the right environment. And in addition to faith, there are other things that influence our faith. For example, we see in Galatians 5 or 6, Paul says very clearly, faith works through love. Faith works through love. So I can't say I have faith in God and then hate all the people around me. Faith will not be able to produce in that kind of an environment. I've got to be walking in love towards people because faith works through love. And we also see in 2 Peter 1, 5 through 8, Peter says add to your faith. Add to your faith. That means you've got faith, but surround it with all of these things. Surround it with virtue, which is character or the virtues of God. Surround it with knowledge, self-control, endurance, godliness, holiness, brotherly kindness, and love. So faith needs a conducive environment to grow in, an environment where there is virtue, knowledge, self-control, perseverance, godliness, kind, brotherly kindness, and love. So in our heart, when we surround the faith we're talking about with these virtues, with these things, our faith is going to be fruitful. It's going to produce. So keep that in mind. Although this whole course is about faith and we're going to talk about faith, just keep this in mind that love and other factors influence the development of our faith. And we also see that a good conscience is required. We read about that in 1 Timothy 1, 19. That means my heart must be clear before God. I shouldn't have a conscience that condemns me. So I'm going to stop here. I will pick up from this statement next week that faith causes the power of God to be released. I'll pick it up from there and we will pause here for today. I hope today was an introduction to faith that all of you are following with me. You understood and I hope it increases your desire to learn more about faith and your eager to grow in faith and learn how to use it in your work with God in your life and journey. So we're going to just take a moment to pray and we will close in prayer. I'm just randomly picking people that I can see on the screen I'm not sure how to pronounce this name. Zerli Toli What's WOTS? Did I pronounce your name correctly? Okay would you like to pray and dismiss us please? Sure. Over God we come before your presence in the mighty name of Jesus. Father we thank you so much for this time so that we can get together and learn about faith. I thank you Holy Spirit for staring our hearts to have more faith in you and to do your will Lord. Holy Spirit enable us so that we will not be the hearers only but we will be the doers of your work. Help us to apply the teachings practically in our lives Lord. Holy Spirit help us guide us leaders Lord and Lord as we dismiss I pray that your Holy Spirit continue to guide us and give us your shalom, your peace, your rest, your joy Lord in Jesus mighty name. Amen. Amen. Amen. All right thank you everyone. Thank you for being on the class today. Have a good praying. See you again next week. God bless you. Thank you. Okay thank you sir. Thank you sir for his Lord. Thank you. Thank you. God bless you. Thank you sir. God bless you. God bless each one. Thank you.