And welcome to Global Connections. I'm your host, Carlos Juarez. And we've got a great conversation today. I'm going to be talking with a guest joining me, a colleague here at the University of the Americas Puebla in Mexico. It's Professor Sam Stone, who teaches law here at the university. He's a law professor in Mexico. And yet, as we'll hear a little bit more of his own background, he's recently relocated from the US. He's grown up in many ways like myself, bicultural, Mexican heritage, but educated and growing up in the US. But now in Mexico, helping train the next generation of young leaders, lawful lawyers, if you will. And so we're going to unravel a conversation that's going to help us understand more about some of the challenges, some of the issues, some of the puzzles, and maybe surprises of what it is like teaching in Mexico, teaching young university students, and also just some differences about the legal profession, the legal education itself. So on that, let me welcome you first, Sam. Thank you so much for joining me here on Global Connections. It's great to have you. Hi, fellas, thanks for having me. This is great to be with you guys here. And Sam, you know, for our listeners, maybe just give us a quick snapshot. You've been in Mexico now this past year, since the beginning of 2019, roughly. Tell us a little bit about what brought you here, where you came from. Yeah, so I've actually been back in Mexico now for three years. I've been here at the university since January. I was born in Chicago, Illinois. I grew up there for four years, and I lived in Mexico eight years as a kid, then in Ohio for nine years, then in DC, and then back here. So it's been a little bit of a race tour. But in many ways, by culture, by national, by lingual, and crossing borders, rather seamlessly, we live in a time of considerable mobility, this globalization of the world, and the deep global connections here. We try to connect people to the world, but also just show how the world, sometimes whether you leave it or not, it comes to you, right? Oh yeah, absolutely. I mean, my mom was born in Mexico City, educated there, my dad's from Green Bay, Wisconsin originally. So we're sort of all over the place. They met back in the 80s, and we're still connected today. So that's how that works. And tell me, some of your education background, you did your undergraduate studies. Where was this at? Yeah, I did everything in the States. I went to Baldwin Wallace University, which is a small liberal arts college in Berea, Ohio, Southwest of Cleveland. My bachelor's was in international relations and political science, double major, minor in history. Then I took a couple of years off, year and a half off, in between that and the JD. And then I went to the George Washington University in DC. From that law experience, after law school, you went on to do some while some work in the field as a young lawyer. And this was also in the DC area? Yeah, I was in DC for a few years after that. I clerked for three judges on DC Superior Court, which is Tennessee's local trial court, for two whole years, doing all criminal cases, which was pretty interesting. But also during and right after law school, I interned for, did some of our associate positions with big law firm in DC, Clair Gottlieb, and also with the U.S. Attorney's Office in the District of Columbia, and with another federal district. So really, a practical experience, obviously coming out of law school, getting your hands dirty, and understanding the criminal justice system from the inside. And as we continue after we talk a little first about maybe more of the legal profession and legal education, I'd like us to also maybe talk about some of the comparison and contrast of the criminal justice system. The United States, of course, itself facing a lot of challenges, criticism, need for reform, but Mexico, and one thing that is always interesting about the case of Mexico, on paper, and maybe in general structure, it has a political system quite similar to the U.S., a federal system with states, a separation of powers, free branches, but we'll continue to talk about that. The reality is often a little different. Mexico is a newer democracy, a fledgling democracy, still trying to consolidate the U.S., of course, although it has problems these days, a few steps back, but it is clearly one of the longest, continually established democracies, and that heritage, that history, obviously says something about the U.S. system. So we'll look to compare those, but maybe beginning with just your insights and a quick overview as well, you are now here teaching law as a law professor, and one of the things maybe to speak about is how is the education here in Mexico for lawyers fundamentally different, maybe the quick version that you can clarify is, in the U.S., you go to law school after you've done undergraduate studies, and here in Mexico, you begin it right as the beginning of an undergraduate degree, and you do it exclusively. It's also uncommon in a lot of other countries in Europe and maybe different areas of the world, but describe a little bit the general contrast, the differences of the legal education, as you know it now. Sure, yeah, I mean, I think actually in the States, we're probably, I don't know, we're the only country, but we're one of the only countries that does law as a degree after a bachelor's degree, or at least that is a long period of time, three whole years of additional study after a bachelor's degree. Yeah, and here again, the bachelor's degree for many in the U.S., there's no set specific one. It can vary, common might be political sciences at the degree, sometimes it could be philosophy or English, you could be a biology major and decide if they take you a little extra preparation, but frankly, it means that those getting into the U.S. law school really have a more, maybe a broader and more diverse educational background. Absolutely, for example, at GW, they're very focused on international law and also on patent law and IP law in general, and they're actually the best school in the country for that. So I actually went to law school with a lot of engineers, folks who have their bachelor's degree, sometimes master's degree in engineering, because they come to law school and they say, hey, I have all this technical and scientific knowledge about how patents work, and now I wanna learn the legal side and go into that and it's very operative in the States. And yeah, so you have a broad base of folks, right? People who are in the classics, for example, I'm a friend who studied Greek and Latin literature for four years and then he came to law school. So that's sort of how it works in the States. Here in Mexico, it's completely different, right?  The program is set up to be four or five years, depending on the university, right? Some students take longer because they go on exchange programs and then they don't count some of those courses, different reasons, but the programs are four or five years. It's typical, but it's entirely, you're basically a law student for that entire year. Yeah, right, so in Mexico, like in also a lot of countries, there is no sort of, most universities don't have a common core, right? If there isn't courses that you can take because you wanna take them. You have to take a predetermined set of courses right from the first semester all the way to the last semester. And so you're pretty much taking law courses all the way through. So you have four or five full years of only taking law courses. Many semesters also, instead of taking four or five courses like we do in the States, students will take six or seven. Sometimes they'll even take more courses in a semester. And so they end up with somewhere between like 50 and 60 courses, basically, law courses over the course of this period. So they graduate as lawyers and they can practice, right? When they finish in 22 or 23 or 24, coming out of their bachelor's degree year, they can practice as lawyers, right? They have to. Now, is there an exam process here? I mean, to actually get your certificate of your cellular, as they might call it. Like in the US, generally you would call it passing the bar. You'd be getting certified by the state. So it's only gonna go to law school. Then you gotta pass this big hurdle. Similar here, there's obviously a final sort of tail end. Yeah, but it's not at the same level.  You could get perfect grades all the way through and with honors and everything. If you don't pass that bar exam. You can't practice as a lawyer. Practice, right? Maybe you can get jobs consulting. Maybe you can get jobs in some sort of legal related things, but you can't actually be the person on the legal document that's going to the court and can't appear in front of the judges, right? In the courtroom. And that's pretty intense, right? I think most people are at least familiar with the bar exam and it's different in different states in the US. And you take it by state. So to be able to practice law in Washington, DC, in California, in Ohio. Right, you have to take it in each state. The only one you can weigh it into, pretty much very easily is DC. So if you're barred anywhere else in the country, then DC will take you there. But other states sometimes have agreements. So if you're barred in one state, like Wisconsin, Minnesota, one other. Yeah, they have to be there. Surely the Dakotas must be in sync. I mean, I don't remember. But there are some ways, but yes, you're barred state by state. So in Mexico, there are two big differences. One is that when you are admitted to practice after your bachelor's degree, it's national. So there's no restriction by state. Some states are starting to talk about having additional requirements, but it's national, even though Mexico is a federal country. And the second thing is that the process here, you have to get your degree. You have to, many universities do us, they call it social service, which is like a national sort of service. It's a mandatory service, that is sometimes it's done during the degree and often they might put it off towards the tail end. But that's kind of a practical internship or part of the program or the curriculum, if you will. But it's a way of giving back to as well, but also giving you practical professional experience. Absolutely. But once you've pretty much done all that, you've come through, you can get your set with that. You can get it, and that's sort of the document. The credential that gives you the legal right to exercise that profession. It's common in many others as an engineer, as many other practitioner-type degree programs. And I wonder maybe if you could say a few words about maybe the role of lawyers. I mean, in the US, of course, we have, imagine here as well, lawyers who go into many different practice, corporate law, public defenders, maybe people dealing with environmental issues, the music industry, entertainment lawyers, whatever it might be, people go on to exercise. And is it fair to say those coming out of law school, most of them continue to practice as lawyers? Because there may be some who, maybe become entrepreneurs or consultants, but a fair percentage go on to actually exercise as lawyers. In many areas. Yeah, I don't actually have a concrete percentage, but my impression both in the States and in Mexico is that most graduates of the law school go on to practice. There are people who go to law school or they're studying law because they want to go on to politics. That's pretty common both in the States, or they want to work in their family business maybe, and the business is not really legal, but they're going to do some legal work there. So there are folks who end up not practicing, but most I think want to practice and they will practice. And so yeah, there's a broad range of fields. I think in the U.S. there are some areas that are much more developed like IP, also for example, compliance, right? IP is intellectual property. Intellectual property, yeah, yeah, yeah. Intellectual property law, right? Which can be both patents, but also copyright. The other field in the States is pretty big, especially in DC, but everywhere. It's compliance is the idea of being a lawyer who here in house or through a firm, makes sure that companies are in compliance with all the rules and regulations. That's new here, right? It's a growing area. It's a growing area. And even the cons of the idea, and as I often find too, I've been myself teaching some years in Mexico, and one of the things as a political science professor, I've often had difficulty, I don't know when I throw this out to you, but there's the word that we have in the U.S. of accountability. It's not accounting, which is, you know, accounting pressure, but it's accountability that has more ethical, legal sort of, or even moral dimensions. That is, you have to be accountable for your actions. And what I'm getting at is, often that word, you can't translate it literally into Spanish. It's not cuentabedida, which is kind of accounting. And partly it's because maybe even the notion of there's more impunity here, there's maybe a less compliance. In fact, even why is there impunity? Why do people not pay taxes or whatever? Well, partly because it's got a weaker state in some ways and more difficulty enforcing, enforcing little laws. I wonder maybe continuing from that, you know, what would you describe? I mean, because on one hand, Mexico as a country where it has a higher percentage of the population, let's say in poverty or lower socioeconomic, maybe half easily. And what I'm getting at here is that the university students really are more so than in the U.S. They're really a small elite here, especially those studying law school or private institutions. So, I mean, in the U.S., we have a world now where today, compared to 50 or 100 years ago, a higher percentage of people going to university, which is a good thing in general. It's a challenge sometimes because there are some who may not be prepared or don't have even, you know, experience from parents who have gone to college so different challenges as first generation. Here in Mexico, we have a lot of other maybe challenges to social mobility is when I want to get in. I think in the U.S., there's a bit more of this openness. If you work hard, if you get right education, you have the ability to move into different social status. At least some people do, right? We like to think we do in the States. And I think we used to more in its upcoming classes. But here it just, it's almost not exist. That's right. There's less of that social mobility. There's more of a class structure. There's pretty much no, there's pretty little space to move up social and your socioeconomic level in Mexico. Classes are very marked, right? As you know, class, we don't talk about classes much over the states. We're not talking about courses. We're talking about social classes. Yeah, social economic classes, right? So in the States, they I think are pretty marked, but we don't see them, you don't see them as much on the street, right? And here in Mexico, you can pretty much by looking at people can often tell sort of where in the general socioeconomic level. So it's very ingrained in society. Number one, there is very little room, I think, to move up pretty much if you were born into a middle class, you're likely to stay there. Maybe you can get into an upper class. But if you're born in that 50% or so of the country, that is in some level of poverty, you're pretty much not going to get out, right? It's going to be very challenging. So yeah, especially at a university like this, it's a private university. It's expensive by Mexican standards. A lot of the students we have are sort of coming from an elite sort of level. And I guess that regardless of that, some of these problems you were talking about, the impunity and the corruption, the sort of the circle that creates, those kind of apply, I think, across the board. Unfortunately, it's permeated Mexican society at all levels and even though- Yeah, people opportunity. Yeah, that's the one area where there is equal opportunity. That's right. Let me hold you on that thought because we're going to take a very quick break right now for a short intermission and we'll come back to continue this conversation. I'm here talking today with Sam Stone, professor of law here at the University of the Americas, Puebla in Mexico. And we're going to return with more on the conversation. Join us here. Thank you. Aloha, I'm Catherine Norr and I'm the host of Much More on Medicine on Think Tech Hawaii. We talk about medical issues and I interview guests regarding medical matters. And I'm really excited about that upcoming guests. I hope you join us every other Wednesday at 3 p.m. Aloha and see you then. Aloha. I'm Marcia Joyner inviting you to join us on Wednesdays at 1 o'clock for Cannabis Chronicles, a 10,000 year odyssey where we take a look at cannabis as food, cannabis as medicine, cannabis and religion, cannabis and dear old Uncle Sam. So please join us to learn all about cannabis. Again, Wednesdays at 1 o'clock. Thank you. I'm your host, Carlos Juarez and we're talking today with Sam Stone, who is an American who, well, American of Mexican heritage, a Mexican American, but he's here in Mexico teaching law, law school and basically educating and training next generation of Mexican lawyers. And we're talking a little bit about some of the differences, some of the similarities because clearly the U.S. has its own system, both of legal education, the legal profession. Mexico curiously, it's a country that is really a contrast paradox. You have on one hand parts of it, very modern, very connected to the first world, very globalized, and you turn the corner and there's obviously underdevelopment, poverty, inequality and on a very serious level. It's a wealthy country with resources and knowledge and what not, manufacturing capacity, agriculture, but it's also very poor and that half the population doesn't seem to benefit from that. It's a very wealthy country where wealth is terribly distributed. A very unequal distribution of the wealth. Mexico's usually in terms of GDP and I know GDP instead of GDP per capita. It's not always the best indicator, right? But Mexico's GDP is usually within the top 15 or so economies of the world, right out of 100, 95, 96, 98, however we wanted to find them countries, right? So it's a big deal. It's in the G20, it's a key player as an emerging power of Florida. But the wealth is terribly distributed. You could even argue that NAFTA, for example, in free trade over the last 30 years has created a lot of wealth for Mexico and it just has not at all been distributed in any way that helps really pull people out of poverty in a real sense, right? And so that to some degree in my view at least plays into the cycle of corruption and impunity which affects all society and it sort of is a challenge on the legal system. That's right. And the legal system to sort of mention about comparing it to the U.S. talking about how it is different from the U.S. So Mexico inherits a lot of its basic structure from the U.S., right? Federal system, three branches of government, separation of powers, right? Things that weren't necessarily inherent in systems of government before the U.S. or especially separation of powers and federalism. And so, yeah, Mexico basically looks at the U.S. Constitution, right? It becomes independent 35 years later, right? And says, hey, we like some of these ideas. So we're going to institute it. And so the basic structure looks very similar from the outside. It has a constitution, it has a Congress, yeah, three branches of government, right? Executive president, a legislature with two houses, the legislature that are pretty much the same thing, right? A chamber of deputies, the Senate, right? Supreme court, which is independent. There's a judiciary branch, the states, it's a federal constitution explicitly, the states retain some power, right? It's a lot quicker than it looks. Beyond that paper being, I mean, Mexico has a longer history of an authoritarian system and only in the last maybe 30, 35 years it's been becoming more democratic, making significant progress, but also a few steps back like always happens. And these days maybe they're growing in anxiety because people see change, but then they see injustice and equality. There are new rules and impressive, very progressive reforms of the legal constitution. But in reality, if you're a very poor person in Mexico, you don't have a system that is there working for you as well. You have wealth and money, you can find the right way. Yeah, it's difficult, I think, to live in Mexico if you are poor, right? Which is most people, not just because of the physical sort of material conditions, but because you're looking at, you know, all of this wealth around you that's not distributed. You're looking at all of this modernity to some degree. And then you go home and you're living in sort of these conditions that in some places, you know, could probably not be out of place in like Marx's descriptions of Manchester, England in the 19th century, right? I mean, that sort of that that. And so that also, like you're saying, plays into the legal system because the system is, in some ways, less adversarial than in the United States. There's more emphasis on reconciliation and sort of even in the criminal system, parties trying to sort of cut the victim and the perpetrator, the family of the victim trying to come together, right? And have a dialogue. But unfortunately, there's just such a high level of continuity, only about 2% of crimes in Mexico ever get resolved, 2%, right? And I mean, that sounds just by itself. It's like, wow, something's not worrying. I mean, the US system, not perfect, of course, at its own issues, but what would be a contrast, for example, what percentage of crimes get to their final conviction or go through the process? Yeah, I actually don't have the number of crimes. Certainly not two or three. It's very high, right? The vast majority of crimes are at least investigated in the United States. Whereas here, they never quite make it in. They often don't even get investigated, right? I mean, they might call the police, they might show up, they might take a few notes and then that's where that ends, right? In some cases, if you really want to pursue a case, you might have to provide additional personal funds to the police to make sure that they actually investigate. Yeah, and that is crazy. It is, and it helps to erode trust in the system, legitimacy, confidence, credibility, everything. And the US is imperfect, right? I mean, it has serious, serious problems. I worked in the criminal justice system for two years in DC. I was a law clerk to judges in DC, as I mentioned. And I am personally convinced that sort of this theory that the US criminal justice system is structurally, has racist issues, a structural level, is true. I mean, that's not to say that I think most people in the system are racist, not at all, on the contrary. And most people are trying to do, they do what they think is right, but it's built up in such a way that it's going to pull in all these people who are black and brown pretty much and far higher rates than whites. And that's going, you know, that is a real problem, right? If there was a book, Michelle Alexander's book, The New Jim Crow, that kind of puts this whole thing into perspective. And I think that's our biggest challenge in the States. But the general notion of how it works, I think is good. The problem is it's been structured in a way that has been not an official. I don't know if it's the term of an institutional racism, but they are a legacy of, obviously, decisions and rules made by a very, you know, narrow set of the, let's say, and the system is set up that way to some extent. It's not, you know, it's not like legal. I'm not saying, of course, there's legal segmentation. Yeah, right, right, right, right, right, right. That was the reality before the 60s, you know, civil rights reforms and all. And I wonder, you know, maybe just a quick thought of, after now you've been here some time of understanding a deeper knowledge, you come from the US, so you know that system well. But now as you're more familiar with the system here, are there anything that you can think of that like really surprised you or that's done interest very different and anything from maybe something that rather actually could have helped the US or that otherwise it's simply a different way of doing things here that, or even as you are educating your students here, they are pretty well to do upper middle class Mexicans, but they're also socialized where they have a knowledge and understanding of the US after all the US has this tremendous power. So people often see popular culture music, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, film, television, and they may assume certain things, you know, you have the right to remain silent, you're Miranda right, well, those are the US, that's not Mexico, and anything you could share like little differences or...  But one of the things I think that I like about here is that there is more of an emphasis on the legal system, on cooperation and on the nation. It's not automatically adversarial, right, in the US it's always adversarial, and that works in some ways, in many ways, but sometimes that can be... It may protect you if you're a contract to enforce it, but it creates almost this tension inherently, and even you can almost describe that, perhaps you can appreciate this, relations between usually the owners, managers, and the workers, it's a more tense and adversarial one. I know for example that in a lot of the European country, particularly Northern European, they have labor management relations that's almost inherently cordial, more cooperative, and they sit down to solve problems rather than wait until they're out talking to each other. So that aspect, I think that's more participatory, more idea of being more towards mediation, solving the problem, right? There's also, I think Mexico is much more in Mexicans in general, including our students here, and our colleagues and so on, just much more international than in the United States, at least in the world. Lawyers in the United States are not required to take international law at all, whether in law school, most of them, some law schools require it, but also there's a lot of sort of poo-pooing of international law. They just say, oh, it's not real law because it's not enforced in this sort of hard, traditional way to think of, like there's no police force, right? That's gonna show up and tell whatever country to do what it should be doing, and that leads a lot of American lawyers to kind of say, oh, well, then it doesn't matter, right? It's not real. Whereas in Mexico, that's not really the case. I think most people in law at least accept the notion that international law is part of Mexican law because it is under Mexico's system. They accept the notion of human rights, including social and economic rights as human rights. That's not really in question that much anymore in the Mexican legal system. And of course, in Mexico, it doesn't always get applied that well, but on paper, right? The Mexican constitution has been amended to include all of these social and economic rights but in the US, at least half of the country still doesn't see it as a right at all, right? And I think from that perspective, that's pretty interesting how that's developed so differently. Now, in the US, the rights that people do have are usually implemented in a much better way and you can actually exercise your human rights whereas here in Mexico, oftentimes you can't. So Mexico has this great system on paper and hopefully eventually we can implement it, right? But the US could learn, I think, take some of that from Mexico and say, hey, there's no reason why we can't see some of these things as rights, there's no reason why we can't integrate international law into our own law without ceding sovereignty, right? The argument is always, oh, the US is gonna lose sovereignty and it becomes more involved in these international institutions and that doesn't have to be the case at all, I think. And so that's a model from Mexico that the US could look at. Yeah, I find it fascinating and as I think about it now, in the US, most lawyers at law school, they really aren't learning about international law because it's not central to what they're doing all year. And yet, as you know, I'm in the area more of international relations and foreign policy and obviously international law is central to that, understanding human rights violations, sovereignty issues of states and territorial claims, but that's a very narrow area that's just, for some. And nevertheless, like you were saying here, Mexican lawyer that I would think too, I mean, lawyers in other parts of the world have to be more connected to what's happening in legal issues, doing business across borders. And for Mexico, the United States is such an important, all important player, the main economic partner. And again, even if you never leave Mexico to the youth, go to the US, the US is here and breathing on you and then investing and pushing trade wars, whatever it might be, and maybe more specifically, people here educated young leaders need an understanding of the American system, the legal system, the political system that helps inform them to understand how to do business, how to, and also how to make sense of the way the US thinks. A hundred percent. I think if you're gonna be a professional person in Mexico, almost regardless of what area you're in, you need to understand how the US works. And a working knowledge of English to be able to communicate effectively. There's a final thought I had as we had a great chance to contrast some of these things, but one thing I know that I often hear this from Mexicans looking towards the US, the United States has this obsession with suing everybody and going to court over everything. And if my tire got broken, then the city has to pay for that. And of course, it takes on different levels, but in general, there is a sense in the US that that's what lawyers do. They just find ways to collect money from somebody with deep pockets. Today, it might be the pharmacy industry or the tobacco in the past, or again, making sure that you're holding accountable public officials or private companies. And this is, I guess, my thought on this. I was just talking with students about this yesterday. This is one thing I do like about the US legal system. I like that it is relatively easy to bring a lawsuit. Why? Because the more barriers you put up to bring the lawsuit in the first place, the less you're actually gonna be able to hold people accountable, which should be held accountable, right? I mean, asbestos, seatbelts, right? Those are things in the US that were only achieved, eliminating asbestos from construction and putting seatbelts in cars because of lawsuits. It wasn't something that states with a better, right? Or the government didn't mandate it. For many years, those things were not mandated by government. Companies simply said, hey, we're going to start doing this because otherwise we'll get sued and we'll lose. Right? My God, it's a coffee case, right? Someone's got coffee in their land. But if you actually go and look at it, that was actually a real case, right? The coffee was much hotter than it should have been. The person was actually injured. And the point is, having worked for judges, I can tell you that if a lawsuit comes in that it's completely frivolous, the judge will toss it. I mean, the other side will make a motion. It'll be tossed. It'll be done, right? So while sometimes you do see these cases, right? To make the news or, you know, oh, someone sues because they put their cat in the microwave and they should have known better, you know, they're suing the microwave company anyway. That stuff does happen. But to me, that's a price that's sort of, I'm willing to pay to make sure that people can bring their lawsuits in the first place and hold people accountable about government and industry when they need to. Well, Sam, you know, we've just scratched the surface of this. I want to say, you know, we'll keep our conversation going, have opportunities to continue the dialogue. But this has been very fascinating just to get a snapshot of your own insights, experience coming to teach law here in Mexico, train the next generation and help them understand the U.S. as well because you've got insights into that and it's necessary for them here. Well, we're gonna have to close on that. It's been a great conversation. I can look forward to continuing it as we'll open some other areas to push towards. And my host, I'm sorry, my guest here, I'm your host, Carlos Guadiz. Glad that you could join us here and get a little insight into understanding this important relationship Mexico and the U.S. in areas of education and understanding the future lawyers who are gonna always be around. You need a lawyer like it or not. They're gonna have to help us sift through everything. So we're gonna close on that. Thank you for joining us and we'll look forward to seeing you here on our next episode of Global Connections.


In this presentation, we will calculate regular pay and overtime pay and enter that information into this portion of our payroll register. First let's take a look at what we have so far in our payroll register. We're only dealing with two employees here. Those two employees then their filing status, married or single, number of allowances and then we'll get into the regular hours. One has hours, the other is a salaried employee and then we got the regular rate. So note that this information would typically come from and if we were just to populate the payroll register for the first time or have a new employee, this information would come from the W-4. So remember that the employee would fill out the W-4, W-4 would give us the address, the name, social security number, number of allowances, which is what we will need here and so we'll populate that information using the W-4.


U1SNRNP is a key regulator of mRNA biogenesis through its roles in splicing and transcription and three-end processing. Here the authors show a tumor suppressor-like function of U1SNRNP using in vitro cell migration, invasion assays and transcriptome profiling. This article was authored by JungMinuto, Christopher C. Ventus, Chowdi, and others.


So this is going to be a demonstration of the thoracic wall anterior thoracic wall which we have removed from this cadaver here So first let's quickly identify the parts of the skeleton here. This is the Maribriam sternum. This is the body of the sternum This is the Zephoid process So therefore, this is the Maribriam sternum joint or the sternum angle of Louie. This is the Zephoid sternum joint These are the ribs This is the first rib on either side second third fourth and so on and so forth and the last rib is the Seventh rib. So therefore the ribs form what is known as the sternum costum joint The lateral portion of the rib is bony. The medial portion of the rib is cartilaginous So therefore, this is a costocondral articulation. After the seventh rib, the eighth ninth and the tenth ribs They articulate directly with the seventh ribs in what is known as the intercondral or the chondrochondral articulation Let's take a quick look at the Maribriam sternum. This is the jugular notch of the Maribriam sternum This is in the root of the neck These two are the articulation for the medial end of the clavicle This is articulation with the first rib and we can see the first rib has got several other structures attached to it Namely the subclavius muscle and the scalyness anterior muscle Incidentally, this side first rib has got an exostosis and we can feel exostosis on the inner surface also The first rib forms a synchondrosis with the Maribriam sternum There is no movement at this joint with the first rib This is the second rib and we have mentioned that the secondary particulates with the sternum angle of louis How do we count the intercostal spaces the intercostal spaces are below the corresponding rib? So therefore, if this is the first rib, this is the first space second rib This is the second space and so on and so forth This is the costal margin And this is the z-fight process this angle that we see here This is referred to as the subcostal angle This is referred to as the Maribriam sternum angle or the sternum angle of louis So these are some important landmarks that we can see from the first To the seventh ribs. These are known as two ribs Eight ninth and tenth ribs which articulate with the seventh rib They are known as false ribs because they don't articulate with the sternum And the 11th and 12th ribs which you cannot see are called floating ribs because they articulate only with the vertical column They don't have any anterior articulation. So this is the classification of the ribs Now let's focus on the muscles that we see here These are the intercostal muscles The intercostal muscles are in three layers Outermost is the external intercostal muscle And if you take a close look you'll see that the direction of fibers are as if the hands and the pocket That means they're going downwards obliquely and inferiorly Then we have the next layer of muscle and for that I'm going to remove a few fibers of the external Show the next layer of fibers and we can see some of the fibers of the next layer This is the internal The internal direction of fibers are exactly Opposite to the external as if the hands are crossed over to the opposite chest Internal is for two parts One portion which is in relation to the bony portion of the ribs that is known as the intercostious part And there's another portion which is in relation to the cartilaginous part of the ribs Which is where my instrument has gone in that is known as the intercontral part So that brings me to the action of the external intercostal and the internal intercostal The external intercostal is responsible for elevation of the ribs during forced respiration The internal intercostal the interosseous part is responsible for depression of the ribs during forced respiration While the intercontral part is responsible for again elevation of the ribs during forced respiration The principle behind this is that when the direction of fibers are at right angles to the direction of the long axis of the rib then it produces depression and when the direction of fibers are almost parallel to the direction of the long axis of the rib like in the intercontral part then they are responsible for elevation of the ribs. The external intercostal if you continue further medially as we can see them here medially the external intercostal disappears and it is replaced by this membrane here we can see the membrane of this space we can see the membrane in this space I have lifted it up with my instrument and we can see the membrane in this space also. So, the medial portion of the external intercostal is replaced by the external intercostal membrane closer to the sternum the internal intercostal also does the same thing on the posterior aspect which we cannot see here as it goes posterior towards the vertical column it disappears and it is replaced by the internal intercostal membrane and deep to the internal intercostal we have a very thin muscle layer which is known as the innermost intercostal subcostal and transversal thoracis I shall show part of it when I turn the chest wall. Let me tell you quickly now movement of the ribs in respiration the upper ribs up to the seventh ribs they are responsible for what is known as pump handle movement of the chest wall where by virtue of their movement they increase the anterior posterior diameter of the chest the lower ribs the eighth ninth and tenth ribs they are responsible for what is known as bucket handle movement of the chest whereby they increase the transverse diameter of the chest wall and of course not visible here is the diaphragm which when it moves down and up it changes the vertical diameter of the chest wall before I turn this chest wall here I would like to show you this neurovascular structure here which I have lifted up this is one neurovascular structure you can see it is running in relation to the lower border of the rib above and this is another neurovascular structure which is also running in relation to the lower border of the rib above whenever we need to do any intratheuristic procedure like for example pleuro synthesis we should insert the needle closer to the upper border of the rib below and further away from the lower border of the rib above the reason being the neurovascular structures are running close to the lower border of the rib above so therefore in pleuro synthesis we usually use the fifth intercostal space in the mid axillary line for the pleural tap in case of pleural effusion likewise if we want to anesthetize an intercostal space we must remember that the main neurovascular bundle the vein artery nerve runs in relation to the lower border of the rib above and the collateral branch runs in relation to the upper border of the rib below therefore we have to anesthetize two sets of neurovascular bundles to completely anesthetize one intercostal space so these are some of the search paper procedures and clinical applications of the chest wall thank you very much for watching Dr. Sanjay Sanyal signing out if you have any questions or comments please put them in the comment section below have a nice day


of 2,200 units. The beginning inventory product B is 2,700 units. The desired inventory is 3,200. Okay, so we're going to try to focus in on product A, so we need to figure out what we need to purchase. Now, when we think about what we need to purchase, we have to start off that conversation out with how much do we think we're going to sell? How much do we think we're going to sell of product A throughout the year? So projected sales of product A, because that's what we're focusing on here, is 20,200 units. 20,200. So that's how much we need. 20,200 units. Now, if that was it, if we were starting from nowhere, that's how much we would have to basically purchase or produce if we wanted to sell that much. But this is not our first year for one, which means that we have beginning inventory already. So we don't have to have the whole 20,200 because we already have some in beginning inventory. And it's also true that we want to basically a cushion at the end. So we want a desired ending inventory. And so we want something at the end. And what will that desired ending inventory be? Now, they're going to give us the beginning number. That's what we'll typically know. And then we're going to basically calculate off that what the desired ending is. And they tell us that here, the desired ending inventory of product A is 30% higher than its beginning inventory. So I'm going to do that in a separate calculation. We're going to say the beginning inventory is 2200, 2200. And we want it to be 30% higher because it's going to be a 30% higher for the ending inventory. So that would be 0.3, 30%. Or if we go to the home tab, I'm going to add some decimals. That would be 30%. Or if we hit the percent sign, 30% same thing. That means that we want an increase of 2200 times 30%. And that will give us the increase of 660. That's the amount of the increase. So what's the ending balance going to be then? We want it to be this 2200 plus the increase, the 30% increase of 660. And once again, we could do that quicker. We could do that quicker. We could say, okay, the beginning inventory is 2200, 2200 times not 30%, but 100 plus 30%. 1.3, 1.3. And if we go to the home tab, numbers, and we add decimals, it's 1.30, 1.3, is the same as if we make it a percent, the 130%. And we do that with one calculation. Then we're going to just say, okay, I want this 2200 times the original 100 plus the 30, 130%. And that will bring us to the 2860. So if we were starting at a point of zero, we don't have any inventory, we would need to produce the projected sales in units, 2200. And we would have to produce enough to have our desired ending inventory, which in this case happens to be the beginning inventory. I'm just going to recalculate it here. 2200 times 1.3, 130% enter. So there's that. Okay. And then that's what we would have if we didn't have something in there already, but we already have a beginning balance. We already have a beginning balance and we're going to subtract that out. So if we didn't have any beginning balance, we would have to have the 2200 plus this much for a cushion at the end, but there's already something in there in the beginning. So we're going to say minus the 2200 that's in there at the beginning. So if we sum that up, then we're going to say what we need to produce then is going to be this 2200 plus what we want at the end minus what's already in there. And that will be the 2860. If we did that in a calculator, all we're doing there would be, of course, taking the 2200 plus the 2860 minus 2200 giving us the 2860.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we will discuss a question which says that find the approximate solution of the following system of equations and the equations are y is equal to x minus 2 whole square and x minus 2 whole square plus y square is equal to 4. Now let us start with the solution of the given question. Now we have given the system of equations. Let this be equation number 1 and this be equation number 2. Now we want to find its solution. Let us draw the graph of the two equations. Let us take the first equation. Now the first equation is of the form y is equal to x square which is equation of a parabola that is an upward parabola. Now let us draw its graph. So this is the graph of the first equation that is y is equal to x minus 2 whole square which is an upward parabola with vertex 2 0. Now the second equation is of the form x minus h whole square plus y minus k whole square is equal to r square that is equation of circle with center k and radius. So we can write the given equation as x minus 2 whole square plus y minus 0 whole square is equal to 2 square. This is the equation of circle with center k that is 2 0 and radius that is 2. So let us draw its graph which will be a circle with center 2 0 and radius 2 0. This is the circle with center. This is the graph of second equation. Now in this graph you can see that the two curves intersect each other at two points that is point A and point B. Now here we can see that for point A x coordinate is approximately 0.7 and y coordinate is approximately 1.5. So point A has coordinates 0.7, 1.5 similarly point B has coordinates 3.3, 1.5. Now these two points give the solution of the given system of equations. The approximate solutions of the given system of equations are the order pair 0.7, 1.5 and the order pair 3.3, 1.5. So this is the solution of the given question. That is all for this session. Hope you all have enjoyed the session.


Hey guys, it's Parker Domen, the Longhorn Engineer, and I have been working on the Dot Matrix Display for Reset Vector, and here it is. The resolution is 16 rows by 96 columns, and it's run by an FPGA that is serially addressed by the propeller. So what the propeller does is it just sends all the bits for the frame. So one frame is all the pixels here. So it sends the entire frame to a register bank on the FPGA, and then when the propeller latches low, it basically says we have shifted in all the data, and it will automatically just do the matrixing. So the FPGA takes care of all the matrixing that's involved in this display, and so the propeller doesn't really have to do anything besides shift all that data. So it makes it so that the propeller doesn't have to do any work in terms of driving this display. So what I'm going to do is I have a little demo code. So I'll type stuff into the serial monitor on the serial, sorry, the parallax serial terminal. So I can type in 12 characters, hit enter, and those will pop up here. Right now it's only supporting the single line text, which means it uses this entire display display 12 characters. I'm working on a double line so that it will display two lines of characters. But of course, the characters would be smaller. So if we type in, let's see, reset, and semicolons are the spaces messed up there. And so we can type something else random in like, let's five, six, hello world.


SpaceX's Florida Starship Tower is nearly complete, China's space station is lacking collaboration, two satellites past each other six metres apart and much more is coming up in Monday's tomorrow's Space News. Another vehicle is saying goodbye at Starbase as Ship 22's aft section has been cut off and rolled away. As you may have seen by now, younger sibling S24 has returned to the production site for the final preparations before the orbital flight test. The ship was actually placed in the rocket garden, which is traditionally the final resting place of redundant ships and boosters, however it seems as if S24 was left here because of the lack of space in the main production site courtyard. Crews have still been working on S24 with the crane attachment points on the nose cone being removed. Presumably, SpaceX will send a couple people and a few starbrick tiles up on a cherry picker to patch up the gaps. Ship 25 and Booster 7 are the only two vehicles currently at the launch site and one of them could be receiving this Raptor 2 engine. If this is for the Super Heavy Booster, that would be especially interesting considering its next goal is to conduct a static fire of all 33 engines. The Starship launch site at the Kennedy Space Centre has been getting the equipment that allows it to be a landing site as well, the chopsticks. Following the carriage, the chopstick arms were rolled out to launch Complex 39A from SpaceX's Roberts Road production site. The design has been refined from the Boca Chica orbital pad version as the arms are shorter and more compact. In the sunlight, the chopsticks were installed onto the carriage which was being propped up adjacent to the tower before the entire assembly was lifted by SpaceX's massive Libre crane. Now, don't expect these to be used in a landing environment anytime soon. SpaceX is yet to launch a full stacked orbit, let alone water land a Super Heavy Booster. The art of catching the biggest first stage ever manufactured from the upper atmosphere must be perfected at the test site first before the risk can be taken to try and land at the most historic launch pad in human history. The chopsticks serve a secondary purpose though, which is as a crane to lift vehicles from the ground onto the launch mount and it's been proven at Starbase that a chopstick lift is much faster than a traditional crane lift. China's Tiangong space station is the newest permanently inhabited place in space, being only the second station to hold that title following the ISS. So far, all missions to Tiangong have been from China, however the Tiangacore module where all of the crewed and cargo missions to the station dock is compliant with the international docking system standard which is used by all of the modern crew spacecraft you'd be familiar with such as SpaceX's Dragon 2, Boeing's Starliner and Sierra Space's Dream Chaser. So theoretically, international collaboration would be feasible, right? Well not anymore for the European Space Agency, at least. The Director General of ESA, Yosif Ashbaha has said that ESA is too occupied with keeping their ISS commitments to find the financial and political will to also engage with Tiangong. This is a turning direction for ESA as previously they've been working with China to potentially send European astronauts alongside Chinese Tyconauts to the orbiting laboratory. For example, six years ago in 2017, Samantha Christopheretti of Italy and Matthias Marra of Germany both visited China for sea survival training and language learning. If you remove the politics from the equation, I think having the ability to visit more stations in space would be awesome as it expands the ability to perform more science. However, removing politics is never going to happen and it seems like the political differences between the West and China is going to make potential collaboration a lot more difficult. But it's also important to consider that Tiangong isn't the only new station coming online over the next few years. Gateway is the NASA-led lunar space station project for the Artemis missions. There's also the Axiom station, which is going to begin its life as an addition to the ISS. And then there's the Blue Origin-led orbital reef project. So it's not like we're going to enter a space station shortage any time soon. It'd be a lot easier for ESA to collaborate on these future commercial ventures, so maybe that's something they'll be working towards. I'm interested to hear your perspective on this story, so make sure to leave your thoughts and comments down below. Space debris is a big problem, which is ironic, because a lot of the debris flying around Earth at thousands of miles an hour are teeny tiny bolts and flicks of paint from old decommissioned spacecraft and satellites.  Two examples are a spent Soviet Cosmos 3M upper stage, which launched in 1986 and a Parastata relay satellite, which was also launched by a Cosmos 3M in 1998. According to Leogabs, these two objects passed each other, travelling in perpendicular directions at a distance of six metres. The margin of error, however, is tens of metres, so do keep that in mind. What you're looking at right now is a visualisation by Jonathan McDowell of the actual size and distance of the satellites to scale. Both of these objects have continued on their near polar orbits, which could have been a massive issue if they had collided. A polar orbit covers all of the possible inclination, so having thousands of little pieces of debris spreading out through this area would be a massive headache for anyone wanting to launch anything to 950 to 1050 kilometres, which is already one of the worst regions for space debris. The past point was 986 kilometres over Antarctica, which being at the bottom of the planet is the hotspot for where polar orbits cross paths. A very bad coincidence of two derelict large objects in the same place at the same time could be a catastrophic pain to work around as one collision can create thousands of pieces of debris, which can all themselves cause more collisions, creating more debris, and I think you get the point. This near miss that is very much too close for comfort is yet another reminder that we need to be acting on the space debris problem, as our planet is surrounded by now useless junk launched over the last few decades. There are many projects currently being developed, but this is a massive problem that will take a long time to solve. It's also a message to the aerospace companies launching vehicles that they need to be safely deorbitating their rocket stage in the near future, and they need to be deorbitating their rocket stages once their purpose has been fulfilled. This week has been another relatively quiet one compared to some of the cadence we had last year, and we're starting it off in Wallops, Virginia, with Rocket Lab's maiden flight out of the United States. At 2300 universal time on Monday, the 24th of January, all nine Rutherford engines on the first stage of Electron ignited, producing 216 kN of thrust, costing the 18.5m to a rocket into space. After the first stage had depleted all of its fuel, it fell away and ended its life in the Atlantic Ocean, as this was not a recoverable electron flight.  Following the final push from the kick stage, the three payloads were deployed into their 550km, 40.5 degree low Earth orbit. Rocket Lab will sure be happy with this fantastic start to the year, and hopefully they'll be able to stick the helicopter recovery on their test return flights out of here. Next up, we're heading to Japan, as it's 0149 UTC on Thursday, Mitsubishi were launching IGS Radar 7, a radar reconnaissance satellite for the Japanese government, from launch area Y1 at the Tanegashima Space Center. This mission was performed with a H2A rocket in the 202 configuration, meaning it had two large solid rocket roosters strapped onto the side. Due to this mission being from the Japanese intelligence agency, not a lot is known, but it has been confirmed that the payload was successfully deployed into a sun-synchronous orbit. It's time for more styling satellites, with 56 being launched as the Group 5-2 mission. This flight also commenced on Thursday at 0932 Universal, from Slick 40 at the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. The second flight of Group 5, this new batch of small styling V2 testbeds were delivered to an initial 212 x 338 kilometer 43-degree orbit, paving the way for the full deployment of the Falcon Scale V2 constellation, which is beginning in February. As you may know, Starlink V2 is designed for launching on Starship as the satellites are physically much larger than their V1.5 counterparts. However, as you might have noticed, Starship isn't launching to orbit regularly yet, so smaller versions were developed for launching on Falcon 9. The payload of this mission also helped the Falcon 9 claim a new record, with all of the satellites and the dispenser adding up to a total mass of 17.4 metric tons, the most payload ever carried to orbit by a Falcon 9. The booster supporting this mission, B1067, concluded its ninth flight by softly landing on the drone ship, just read the instructions, which is positioned at about 660 kilometers downrange in the Atlantic Ocean. The fairings were also recovered by support ship Bob. Editing Ryan Hears, of course, SpaceX was added to change up their entire schedule just as I'd finished recording. Anyways, tomorrow Tuesday the 31st, Starlink Group 2 No. 6 will be lifting off from Vandenberg, Group 5 3 will be lifting off from the Kennedy Space Center the following day, on Wednesday, Amazonas Nexus could be launching on Sunday from Cape Canaveral, but we definitely know that a Proton-M with Electro-L No. 4 will be lifting off on Sunday for Kazakhstan's first launch of the year. A big thank you to all of the people who helped to keep the lights on at Station 204, the citizens of tomorrow. The financial support from all of you is incredible, and in return you get some great perks, such as seeing space news scripts as they're being written, or joining in with our post-life show Hangouts. If you think the live shows go off the rails, then these are on another level. To get access to all of that and more, head to join.tmro.tv or the join button below and become a citizen for less than one US dollar a month. Of course, financial support is not required. Just watching our content and sharing it with your family and friends goes a long way in making us a lot more appealing to the almighty algorithm. So, let's see what else you can watch. Tomorrow we'll be releasing another space weather update from Dr. Tamotha Scove. On Friday, me, Jared and Dutton will be back with another live show, and I'll be back next Monday with a lot more news. Hopefully we'll see you then, but for now, thank you for watching and goodbye.


Thank you to all those of you who took the time to meet with me and our ministers to make sure that we were connected to the concerns and issues in your local communities there is no better way to do it than here at UBCM so thank you Mary thank you to UBCM and thanks to all of you who are such active and passionate members of this great representative organization. Last year when I was here I announced our intention to replace the George Massey Tunnel to find a long-term solution that works for you but I knew when I told you that that we could not jump in we had to talk to communities we had to listen and find out what people wanted people said the tunnel must be replaced and it must be replaced on the same route so we listened and we're doing it and today I'm pleased to announce that starting in 2017 we will be breaking the worst bottleneck in the lower mainland by building a new bridge to replace the George Massey Tunnel. If we work together we can grasp a singular opportunity we can be the generation that our kids and grandkids look at and say you did it let's be that generation that they look to the ones who transformed our province the ones who didn't let change pass us by the ones who sought and took it and made our province better let's be that generation of British Columbians thank you.


A few days ago, I did a video talking about the leaked Zoom call meeting between some of the executives at Disney and while I put the video up and then, you know, the comments come in, there was one comment that came in that it bothered me. Now, there's a lot of comments that come in that are just way off and just, I just delete them. But this one, because I get comments like this often, I'm going to let you, sir, be the person that's going to take the brunt of what needed to be said to all the other people that had similar questions. Now, typically, I will let it go and there come a time where you ought to let it go and there comes a time where you just go ahead and you give them what they're looking for. Today, I'm going to give this gentleman what he's looking for. Now, I want to put the comment up because there's wrong on so many different levels.  Is that ever appropriate? I mean, because we're Christians, right? And we are supposed to be above board, right? We're supposed to be above all that. We should never, ever, ever get down in the mud with the rest of the filth, right, with the rest of the pigs. We should never do that, right? No, that's not true. There are times where, first of all, let's just be clear. There are fools on the planet, would you all agree? There are absolutely fools on the planet.   Same way of saying, I mean, different ways of saying the same thing. And so what allows us to call someone a fool, first of all, the person cannot be a brother. And so we'll find out that this commenter is not a brother. And I want him prayerfully to see the air of his ways, the stupidity, the ignorance.  So you'll see that this applies. And so I want to put this guy's comment up, and then I want to take it apart, and then let's go. This is me. Now remember, guys, I try to be, and I said before, that I'm going to be a little bit nicer. And I am. This is the G-rated version of what I could say. Matter of fact, this is the better version of what I would have said 20, 30 years ago. Now, I don't cuss anymore, okay? If I did, this would be a totally different response. But here's the comment. And I don't even mind you saying the person's name on here. The name is Matthew Drennan. I don't know if Matthew is a subscriber, if he's a regular watcher. I don't know. Maybe the thumbnail that said Disney with the rainbows caught his eye. Maybe that's what it was with all the hubbub about it. Maybe anything have to do with LGBTQ, YouTube sends that to his home page, his home channel, whatever. Maybe that's what it is. I hope he is a viewer. I hope he is. If he is, I want him to do one of two things. Matthew, I want you to do one of two things, either at the end of this follow suit what I tell you to do, or never come back. Never come back to this channel, all right? So you'll see what my instructions for you in the end. But let's read his comment. After making the statement about what I said about Disney and so forth, look what he says. I'm going to read the whole thing and then give a response. He says, nothing irks me more than to see a black person who is anti-LGBTQ. Dude, you're black. If anybody should be accepting and welcoming to a persecuted minority of people, it's you.  Get it? Also, why are you a Christian? Read your history. Your ancestors were kidnapped and brought to this continent as beasts of burden. They were forced to worship as Christians. They were tortured, murdered, raped, forced to work as slaves and had their children stolen from them so they could also be sold as livestock. They were stripped of their culture and replaced it with Christianity so they could be easily controlled. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to just go through his whole thing, just point by point. I'm going to do my best.  I really do. And I want to do it in a fun way. The one thing about being in prison is it shows you, it teaches you. We've played the dozens growing up. And so the little mama jokes, your mama and your daddy jokes, those were easy. Those were fun. And we didn't take offense. So I'm okay. I think I can hold my own going back and forth like this, but I found out a way to kind of do it, play the dozens so to speak. Some of you, some of you younger folks, as we call it, as we call it, talk about your mama, your mama jokes, playing the dozens. I found a way to do that kind of in a, in a Christian sense, kind of skirting the line a little bit because sometimes in prison, they want to test you, right? And so, but you also learn when to pull back. Most cases, nine times out of 10, I'm going to let you say what you're going to say and then keep it moving, right? This begs a response, not just for, for the benefit of me, because I could care less. I don't even know this guy, but for the benefit of other people. So let's go back to this. And I want to kind of go through this point by point. So Matthew Drennan, I pray that you are watching.  One, one of those things is what specifically God desired me to be.  Okay. Satan desires someone else to be LGBTQ. Huge difference, my friend. You don't get that. Now it says, though, let me, let me put the quote back up because I want to make sure that you all see where I'm, where I'm tracking. He says, after that, you're black. Really? I am so thankful that you needed to remind me of that. I'm black. Didn't know that. Let me tell you what you are. Let's go back to it. What you are, my friend, because I clicked on your name and saw what you had post and saw little portions of you.  Now I don't need you, sir, to remind me what I am. I've been black for a long time. Hadn't been a hindrance for me. Hadn't necessarily been a help for me, but it hadn't been a hindrance for me. It's just who I am. This is the color that God decided to make me.  Now, because of what you're clinging on to, I can tell that you are a liberal persuasion. You lean left. Matter of fact, you probably lay on the left side. You are a person who has cozyed up to the LGBTQ community. So it makes you liberal.  Are you following Matthew?  All right.  Even a hint of Hebrew Israelite, but can I, can I give you something that our brother Malcolm said about you some time ago? White's who are trying to solve the problem, but you never see them going under the label of liberals.  He's the most deceitful. He's like a fox. And a fox is almost, is always more dangerous in the forest than the wolf. You can see the wolf coming.  He comes at you with his mouth shaped in such a way that even though you see his teeth, you think he's smiling and taking for a friend. So that's what you are.  Wait a second, bro, I got a job. You assume all these negative things about me. Why?  That's what you are. How do I know? Because you think low of me. You think low of not just me of other blacks. Why do I say that? Because you just assume that because I'm black, I'm in a certain predicament. I want to finish reading what you're saying so I can finish just, you know, because it's actually, I'm beyond switching Matthew Drennan. This is actually feeling pretty good. This is actually therapeutic for me. So, but you make the statement, you say, if anybody should be accepting and welcoming to a persecuted minority of people, it's you. Now you highlighted anybody and you highlighted you. Well, a couple of things. One, who said I'm persecuted? Who said I'm persecuted?   No, brother, that ain't the case.  Ah, that's what it is. That's what liberal white folks meant when they talk about white privilege.   Now, and I'm not political at all. I'm not a Republican and I'm not a Democrat. I could care less about either of the two parties, okay? But what I am is a Christian. And we're going to get on that in a second. Because that's what really kind of moved me a little bit more. I normally probably would have just banned you, just blocked you. I'm going to leave you unblocked because I hope you come back and comment. I really do.  I really do. As a matter of fact, I don't know what I should have did. I'm not all that savvy when it comes to tech and so I guess I should have tagged you, whatever it is. So I'm going to do that. I'm going to do that. But I want you to see some other things. Let's go back to your comment, my friend. You says that if anybody, anybody should be accepting and welcome to a persecuted minority of people, it's you. Again, I'm not persecuted. And I know you want to tell me how bad I got it so that you tell me how bad I got it so that you can turn around and tell me how good you could make it for me. Well, no, I'm sorry. But second, let me say this. If I were persecuted, if I were persecuted, I'm supposed to accept any old piece of trash and filth that comes my way just because I should be happy and willing to accept the LGBTQ community. I accept them as people and I don't say anything derogative or anything like that. But what I do say is this, I'm a child of the king and I follow him and say what he says. And he has told me that that particular movement is an abomination. It is an offense to him. Now, let me put this in context. Y'all just listen to what I'm about to say because a lot of folks say this the wrong way. They say it as a curse word, as profanity. They say it really kind of as a pejorative, as a negative thing. But let me just say this about me and the LGBTQ community. I'll be damned if I ever accept the LGBTQ community. Here's what I mean. Cory going off. No, I would literally have to be damned.   It's not. And I'm supposed to accept it. Why? Because they're persecuted. I'm persecuted. So we all should just get along. No, no, no. No, I am not getting in a raft with someone who is going the opposite direction. Won't do that. Can't do it. I'm going to follow God rather than following you, sir. Let's continue. You stated, also, why are you a Christian? Now, let me just say this. I probably would have left it alone, but that's what got me going. The other part, whatever, this guy is off. But you said, why am I a Christian? Let's finish reading what you said. You said, also, why are you a Christian? Read your history. Wait a second, Matthew.  Are you also implying that other Christians don't read? Would you have stated this if there were a white Christian? I'm just curious. Let's keep reading. Let's keep reading. Read your history. Your ancestors were kidnapped and brought to this continent as beasts of burden. They were forced, capital letters, to worship as Christians. They were tortured, murdered, raped, forced to work as slaves and had their children stolen from them so they could also be sold as livestock. They restricted their culture and replaced it with Christianity so they could be easily controlled. Now, this is what set me off. First of all, I was not forced to be a Christian, but by the grace of God I am one. Now, let's just go through some history. Are you listening? Matthew Drennan? I wouldn't dox you. But if I were the doxin' person, I might want to dox you. I'm sorry. But let me tell you something, Matthew. First of all, I'm grateful that I'm a Christian and I'm grateful that God, not for slavery, but for setting us free. Now, so you can go ahead and read your history. Just in case you didn't know, Matthew. Africans did not get on a cruise ship, sail over here, get off on some excursion, and then were taken captive. No, they came over here as slaves. Who enslaved them? Other blacks. Now, who else bought and sold slaves? Other Africans? People from other races, other ethnicities, other religions? Because you're not saying this about Islam, are you? Do you know how many slaves that Muslims bought? Do you know where the largest portion of the slave trade went? Was it over here? And so, maybe you ought to go about reading your history. Matthew, so Matthew, you say that we were forced to worship as Christians. You do realize, Matthew, that initially, initially, we weren't allowed to be Christians. The slaveholders did not want the slaves to become Christian. Why? Because they did not want to see them as brothers. Now, do you know the reason why? Read your history, Matthew Drennan, of left-leaning city wherever you're from. Read your history. Why did blacks, first of all, become free? What caused that? Where would blacks be had it not been for Christians who wanted to see all men free?  It wasn't Muslims, it wasn't Buddhists. We're Christians, abolitionists. People like William Wilberforce. Those are the people who do it. Matthew, you need to understand something. Everywhere you go on this planet, you've got two places you can go. You can go to a place that is a Christian stronghold or a non-Christian stronghold. And when I say Christian stronghold, I don't mean that everyone there is Christian, but they are at least friendly to the concepts of the Judeo-Christian style, the model, the Jesus Christ is Messiah. Find those places. You know what you're going to find, Matthew Drennan? You're going to find that, one, people are economically free and prospering. Two, they're not as impoverished. Three, women are treated much better. Also, you and your love in an affinity for the LGBTQ community, go to a non-Christian country and see how the LGBTQ community is doing there. That's what you ought to do, Matthew Drennan. See, you make these assumptions as though you know something. I want to put your passage back up. I want everyone to look at it some more. Now, I know you think you mean well. I know you do. I know you think you mean well, but it's only because you don't know any better. So let me just give you two things I want you to do. Two things I want you to do. Matthew number one, and I'm coming to a close, Matthew. One, I want you to go find your daddy.   Now, I don't know, maybe he wasn't around or maybe he wasn't a good father. I don't know, but I know who is a good father. That's point two. Find the closest floor. Get on your knees and repent. Ask the Lord to forgive you. Ask him to forgive you and then place your trust. Your soul's livelihood is at stake. Place your trust in what he's done on the cross for blacks, white, Hispanic, straight, gay for everybody. Do that, Matthew, and we'll be good. Amen.