Hello aspirants, welcome to the hindi news analysis brought to you by Shankara's Academy. Today in this video we are going to cover some of the important articles taken from the hindi news edition dated 8th of September 2022. These are the articles I have taken for discussion. Pay attention to these discussions because a quiz question will be posted along with this video. It will be posted as a poll. Don't forget to attend it. Now let me take this first article for discussion. This one appeared in Thiruvananthapuram edition. The news article proudly announces that three Indian towns have got the status of UNESCO Learning City. So before seeing the news let us know about the status and its significance first. First of all know that this status is given under a UNESCO program called as the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities. Basically it is an international policy oriented network. It provides inspiration, the know-how and also the best practices. But for what it gives inspiration and best practices yes you are right to become a learning city. So this brings us to the question of what is a learning city? See a learning city promotes lifelong learning for all. According to UNESCO's definition a learning city is a city that has these key features. These are the building blocks of learning city. First it effectively mobilizes its resources in every sector and such resources help in promoting inclusive learning from basic education to higher education. Then it also revitalizes learning in families and communities. It facilitates learning for workplace and also learning in the workplace. Then it extends the use of modern learning technologies. Then there is enhanced quality and excellence in learning in these cities. And more importantly it fosters a culture of learning throughout life. So through this the city enhances individual empowerment and social inclusion along with economic development, cultural prosperity and also attaining sustainable development. So these are the objectives behind having a learning city. Now to achieve these objectives the network was initiated in 2012 by the UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning UIL. You should also note that the whole framework of this network is guided by a declaration called Beijing Declaration on Building Learning Cities of 2013. But we know that different cities may have different practices to learn. Now to share such ideas with other cities only this network is used. So it promotes policy dialogue along with peer learning among member cities. It also forges links and partnerships. It provides capacity development etc. So whatever is needed to learn from other city is provided through this network. And by doing this the network supports the achievement of all the 17 sustainable development goals. But you should remember there are two main goals that are directly linked to this network. One is Sustainable Development Goal 4. It is about ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities for all. And then we have goal number 11. It aims to make cities and human settlements inclusive safe resilient and sustainable. So these two SDGs are directly linked to this network. So how many members are there in this network? Currently it comprises of 294 member cities from 76 countries. So from this you can understand that the member is the city itself. But that city is represented by the mayor of that city or by the person who has been formally endorsed as a representative of that city by the government. Now to become a member membership applications have to be submitted to National Commission for UNESCO. Now what about India? Do we have any member cities in this network? So far there were no member cities but now three Indian cities have become part of this network. These are the cities of Varangal from Telangana, Nilambur and Trishur from Kerala. So these are the nation's first entrance in UNESCO global network of learning cities. Now due to certain specialties only these cities have been chosen. Let us see in brief what are these specialties. First if you take Varangal it has a rich cultural heritage. The city is a major tourism venue. It welcomes 3.2 million tourists every year and it also provides pre-training to the transgender communities that directly helps them to have employment opportunities. Additionally over 125,000 citizens belonging to various self-help groups have found to be addressing various issues concerning women, marginalized communities etc. So due to these specialties only Varangal has been chosen. Now come to Nilambur. So it is called as the land of Teek. Nilambur is also an ecotourism destination in Kerala. Mainly the city offers free health care facilities to all citizens. Then it also utilizes health volunteers to provide door-to-door treatment for bedded patients. Nilambur also aspires to become a woman-friendly city by ensuring equal opportunities in all sectors and by reducing harassment. So along with these these are the other good practices in the city. You can just go through it. Now next is Trishur. We know that it is the cultural capital of Kerala. Trishur is home to academic and research institutions also. It is also known for its jewellery industry especially gold industry. Now one of the good practices that is highlighted by the network is the presence of MSME Development Institute of India Regional Centre in Trishur. Now this institute offers institutional support in promoting decent work and entrepreneurship through upskilling. Other than this, Trishur Puran festival is also highlighted. Why? Because we know it is an annual event which celebrates artistic traditions, cultural, musical and folk art traditions and it also attracts large number of people from other regions and countries also. So due to these specialties Trishur has also been selected. So I hope you got an idea about what is UNESCO Learning City and what are the specialties of the three Indian cities that has been chosen in the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities which are these cities Varangalan Telangana, Nilambur in Kerala and Trishur in Kerala. So that's all about this discussion. Let us move on to the next one. So our next article discussion is going to be based on this front page article and this editorial article that appeared in yesterday's newspaper. See day before yesterday only we covered about various aspects of India-Bangladesh relations. We also discussed some of the issues in these relations but in this discussion we are not going to see that. Rather we are going to see about the outcomes of Bangladesh Prime Minister's visit to India. As you know the Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina met our Indian Prime Minister and this has resulted into positive outcomes and we have signed seven agreements as a result of this. So we will see two of the main agreements in today's discussion and before that this is the syllabus that you can link to this discussion. See basically the overall outcomes of the meeting seem to have further strengthened the ties between the two nations because both the countries have signed seven memorandum of understandings and these MOUs or agreements include the conclusion of the first water sharing agreement in 26 years and it also includes infrastructure projects particularly in the railway sector etc. I have given the seven MOUs here for your reference you can just go through it. Now among these seven the most important one is the water sharing agreement which has been signed with respect to Kushyara river. See Kushyara river is one of the trans bounty rivers of Bangladesh. It is actually a tributary of river Barak that flows in India. You can see river Barak in this map. This river Barak originates from the northern hills of Assam and India and then it flows further creating an approximate border between Nagaland and Manipur. The river flows westward from the Kachar district in India and then it enters Bangladesh. Actually at Amal Sheet this Barak river separates into two branches. The northwest charm of this river is called as the Surma river and the southwest charm is what is called as the Kushyara river. Okay so this is what the geography of Kushyara river it is a tributary of river Barak but as you know the common trans bounty rivers have a issue with regards to how the water availability is distributed across time and space that is sometimes the water will be more. So this might cause floods in the lower riparian regions. See whenever we talk about rivers we talk about the riparian regions especially the upper and lower riparian regions. See the starting point of the river will be called as the upper riparian region and the river where it flows to will be the place of lower riparian region. For example in case of Kushyara India is the upper riparian state whereas Bangladesh is the lower riparian state. Okay so when the water is more across the river it will definitely cause floods in the lower riparian regions but on the other hand during any dry season the availability of water will be very low. So during that time the available water might be utilized by the upper riparian states and when this happens the lower riparian states will receive only minimal amount of water. So that means here both the situations that is when there is more water and when there is less water who is affected here the lower riparian state gets affected. The same happens with Kushyara river also and to address this issue only now this treaty of Kushyara water sharing has been signed between India and Bangladesh and this has happened for the first time in 26 years that both the countries have signed the treaty to share the water and this treaty will benefit both southern Assam in India and also the Sillat region in Bangladesh but you should note that this plan did not appear out of nowhere actually it was finalized last month itself when the India Bangladesh Joint River Commission was held in New Delhi after 12 years. At that time itself it was agreed by both sides to expand cooperation to areas like addressing pollution in rivers also but I said that for the first time in 26 years both the countries have signed a treaty to share water why because as you know Indian Bangladesh have a Ganga water treaty that was signed in 1996 so after that treaty now only we are signing a treaty to share the water and this treaty of Kushyara is quite important for Bangladesh also especially for the bilateral relation of India Bangladesh because this is seen as a first step in terms of settling the highly controversial subject of water management for 54 trans boundary rivers between both the countries but if you ask me whether Bangladesh got what it asked for actually no because Bangladesh has been waiting for the Thista water agreement for a long time rather now the Kushyara agreement has been finalized and signed so this is regarding the water sharing agreement between Indian Bangladesh. Now the second important MOU we are going to discuss is the bilateral connectivity initiatives involving railway tracks and rolling stock between both the countries so here when we say rolling stock it refers to all the engines and carriages that are used on the railways or in other words rolling stock comprises all the vehicles that move along a railway like including the powered vehicles and unpowered vehicles such as locomotives, passenger carriages etc so both the countries have mentioned about the provisions of rolling stock in their MOUs along with that upgrading of the track between Hili and Birampur was also discussed see Hili is a region present in West Bengal along the international border between India and Bangladesh and Birampur is an important city in Bangladesh that borders India and this city is 250 kilometers away from capital city of Bangladesh which is Dhaka but despite being far from the capital Birampur is still flourishing economically and culturally in Bangladesh and that is why connectivity to this region is important for India and on these lines there is also another connectivity project but this is regarding the sub-regional rail project in Bangladesh and this aims to convert the Tongi-Akawara line into dual gorge see this conversion of the railway line would create direct rail links inside Bangladesh especially between Chattogram and Rajshahi and Chattogram and Kulna here Chattogram is nothing but the official name of Chittagong why this is important because currently railway lines in the eastern region of Bangladesh are in meter gorge so now the upgradation to dual gorge will allow applying of high-speed broad gorge trains on this route and this will reduce the travel time significantly it is also said that this will enable the trains to transport 30 percentage more passengers and goods once this conversion takes place now on the similar lines upgradation of track and signalling systems and railway stations along Benapol Jasher line of Bangladesh is also agreed and most importantly the restoration link between India and Bangladesh has also been discussed this is between Burimari in Bangladesh and Changrabanda in India so just go through these names once again just to have an idea about where these places are so what these rail links aim to achieve these multiple rail track projects will create a smooth flow of goods and people within Bangladesh and also from India to Bangladesh so from these two MOUs we can say that both the countries are going to benefit a lot but along with that the editorial also cites about a few of the concerns of Dhaka that India must address so we know that in the recent times the ruling party leaders have made several comments on Bangladesh which is not welcome by all for example they have made comments on deporting Rohingya refugees they have commented on the Citizenship Amendment Act and also they have made references to annexing Bangladesh for Akhand Bharat so this has also created some cross-border tensions but beyond these issues now New Delhi and Dhaka have remained focused on their future cooperation and through these MOUs they want to build on their past partnership as it existed immediately after the independence of Bangladesh in December 1971 so what kind of cooperation existed in 1971 will be revitalized through these MOUs and that is why the author of the editorial has given the title to the editorial as political 1971 okay so beyond all the issues in the spirit of partnership both the countries have signed these MOUs I hope you got overall idea about what are the important agreements between India and Bangladesh as a result of the recent meetings now let us move on to the next discussion so now this discussion is going to be based on this news article as you can see here it says the union cabinet has approved a new scheme called PM Shree so in this discussion we will see what this scheme is about and also its major objectives see first of all know that here PM Shree stands for Pradhan Mantri School for Rising India Scheme so you can say that this scheme revolves around developing the schools mainly it aims to turn the existing government schools into model schools and these model schools will be used for the implementation of national educational policy 2022 okay and here when I say the existing schools it means the ones which are being managed by the central government state government or the unitary government or even by local bodies now under the scheme it has been envisaged to develop more than 14,500 schools across the country by strengthening the selected schools so what are the key objectives of the scheme first of all it will provide high quality education in an equitable inclusive and joyful school environment so that means for this it will take care of many factors like the diverse background of the children their multilingual needs it will take care of the different academic abilities of children and by knowing all these factors about the students it will make them active participants in their own learning process so this is the first objective and second the schools under the scheme will provide leadership to other schools in their respective region and this will be done by providing mentorship other than that the schools will be developed as green schools this means it will incorporate the green technologies or you can see it will be incorporating environment friendly aspects for example like it will be having solar panels and LED lights it will include nutrition gardens with natural farming there will be waste management and the environment will be plastic free there will be water conservation and harvesting also so by incorporating all these measures the schools will be developed as green schools other than that the focus will be on learning outcomes of every child in every grade so to know the learning outcomes assessment will be done at all levels and this assessment will include the students conceptual understanding and their application of knowledge to real life situations another objective of this scheme is to provide linkage with sector skill councils and local industry so that there will be better employment opportunities see here these sector skill councils are set up as autonomous industry led bodies it is set up by the national skill development corporation actually these skill councils are the major pillars of nsdc because they create occupational standards and qualification bodies and they also develop competency framework it conducts training programs conducts skill gap studies and it also assesses and certifies trainees on the curriculum which is aligned with national occupational standards developed by them so overall these sector skill councils they play vital role in bridging the gap between what the industry demands and what these skill requirements ought to be so by providing linkage with these councils the schools will know what is the current demand of the industry and based on that the required skill will be developed apart from all these the scheme also develops a school quality assessment framework this framework includes key performance indicators to measure the outcomes so if you want to measure the outcomes quality evaluation of these schools has to be done this will be done at regular intervals such evaluation will ensure that the desired standards are existing at all levels so in short once these schools are developed they will showcase all the components of national educational policy and it will also offer mentorship to other schools in their surrounding areas and these schools will deliver quality teaching for development of students which is their overall objective and also note that the scheme is a centrally sponsored scheme and when we say a scheme is a centrally sponsored scheme it means that the scheme is implemented by the state governments but it is largely funded by the central government for example for the normal category states the share will be 60s to 40 ratios but with respect to the northeastern states and union territories the center's contribution can go up to 90 percentage also so these are the few points that you have to know about PM Shree scheme Pradhan Mantri schools for rising India scheme okay with these points in mind now let us move on to the next discussion so the last discussion is going to be based on this snippet article as you can see it mentions that the chief minister of Delhi has asked the prime minister to find a solution to Satellite Gemini on link canal dispute so you can see that this canal dispute is gaining grounds because soon it will be making headlines and that is why today we are going to see about Satellite Gemini link canal we'll start with the background that is why such canal is proposed see in 1960 Indus Water Treaty was signed between India and Pakistan now this treaty fixed and delimited the rights and obligations of both the countries which was regarding the use of waters of this river system and this treaty covered some of the major tributaries of Indus River such as Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Biaz and Satellite rivers now this treaty gave the rights to use the water of the river Indus Jhelum and Chenab to the Pakistan and the rivers Ravi, Biaz and Satellite to India okay but in 1966 the separation of Haryana from Punjab happened so this raised the issue of allocating river water to Haryana so in order to allocate the right share of waters to Haryana and Punjab from the Satellite and its tributary Biaz a canal connecting the Satellite River and the Yamuna River was planned by the Central Government and this canal is what is called as the Satellite Yamuna link canal but note that Punjab consistently refused to share water with Haryana but finally in 1981 both the states reached an agreement to reallocate water so this is the background of how that canal was proposed now let us see what is the associated issues with this canal see as I said in 1981 there was an agreement between Punjab and Haryana to share the waters and as a part of implementing this agreement in 1982 the then Prime Minister of India launched the construction of this canal in Patiala district of Punjab now try to recall who was the Prime Minister at that time it was Indra Gandhi so what was planned was the canal was going to run for a stretch of 214 kilometers and in this 122 kilometers will be in Punjab and the remaining will be in Haryana which is about 92 kilometers so this was what planned in 1982 but following the launch of this construction plan agitations protests and assassinations were carried out in Punjab so it halted the construction process but then Central Government did not keep quiet it started negotiating with the political party of Punjab which was Akali Dal and then as a result of this negotiation in 1985 an accord was signed between the Central Government and this party note that this accord established a new tribunal to assess the water sharing between these states and this tribunal was presided over by the then Supreme Court judge V. Balakrishna Eradi so after this tribunal was constituted it recommended that the shares of both Punjab and Haryana should be increased that is their water shares should be increased for Punjab it should be increased to 5 million acre feet per year and for Haryana it should be increased to 3.83 million acre feet per year and this recommendation was accepted by the government so the construction started again but then again in 1990 the assassinations continued so the construction was stopped again so you can see that in 1982 the construction started then it was stopped later and then in 1985 an accord was signed as a result of this again the construction was started but then in 1990 it was stopped again so as a result of waiting for this canal construction finally Haryana government appealed to the supreme court and this happened in 1996 it asked for the supreme court to order the Punjab government to complete the work on this canal in their part but this issue was not immediately resolved by supreme court rather in 2002 and 2004 supreme court directed Punjab government to complete the work on its territory but what happened in 2004 was the Punjab Assembly approved an act called Punjab Termination of Agreements Act and this agreement cancelled the water sharing agreements with Haryana whatever they signed you know before it was cancelled by this act so the construction of this canal came to a halt and there was no return from this situation and after many years finally in 2016 the supreme court again intervened and it said that the act was constitutionally invalid that is the act which cancelled the agreement right that act of Punjab was constitutionally invalid this was what held by the supreme court then after that in 2020 supreme court again directed the chief ministers of both the states to negotiate and to address the canal issue at highest political level and this negotiation was to be mediated by the center and we know that in 2020 we had the pandemic so the issue still continues and that is why now the chief minister of Delhi has asked the prime minister to look into this issue so I have given an overview of why the canal was proposed and then what are the issues with this canal like any other water sharing agreement this canal was also opposed by one of the parties okay now before concluding let me give you some facts about river Yamuna and river satellite also as you know river Yamuna is the second largest tributary of Ganges by discharge and it is the longest tributary of Ganga in India it originates from the Yamuna 3 glacier this glacier is in the southwestern slopes of Bandair Poonch peaks in Uttarakhand this river has a total length of about 1300 kilometers and it merges with Ganges also this happens in Alhabad which is now called as Prayagraj and if you know the major tributaries of Yamuna they are the rivers Tones, Giri, Hindon, Chambal, Banas, Sindh, Betwa and Cain now let me tell you about Satelledge this is the longest tributary of Indus river okay now this river rises in the China's western Tibet in the Kailash mountain range and this river has a length of about 1500 kilometers and Satelledge meets the Bias river at Harikain Punjab okay so in this discussion we saw about the Satelledge-Yamuna-Lincolnal issue what happened there and why the issue still continues and finally we also saw a few facts about Yamuna and Satelledge with these informations in mind we are moving on to the last session of the day which is the practice questions discussion session so this is the first question it is a pair-based question on one side Indian cities are given and on the other side they know UNESCO world status is given let me read out the pairs Hyderabad and Srinagar cultural world heritage sites Jaipur and Ahmedabad UNESCO creative sites Varangal and Neelambur UNESCO learning sites now if you take the first pair Hyderabad and Srinagar it has been paired with cultural world heritage sites see in India we have about 40 world heritage sites including the cultural ones natural ones and the mixed ones and among these three cities have been given cultural world heritage status one is the historic city of Ahmedabad and the other one is Jaipur city in Rajasthan Ahmedabad got the status in 2017 and Jaipur got its status in 2019 and also remember in 2021 Dholavira which is a Harappan city in Gujarat it got the world heritage status in 2021 so you can see that only there are three cities that have got the world heritage status as a whole other than this we can find monuments in the cities that have got the recognition but here the whole city has got the recognition so this pair is incorrect because Hyderabad and Srinagar did not get this status now come to second pair Jaipur and Ahmedabad now we have to be careful here because just now we saw Jaipur and Ahmedabad they have the cultural world heritage sites status but on the other hand Jaipur also has got the creative cities status okay so don't get confused here whereas Ahmedabad is only a world heritage site and not a creative city under UNESCO here I have given other creative cities of India you can just go through it and from this you can find that the Hyderabad and Srinagar which we saw in the first pair they are creative cities of UNESCO not world heritage sites now come to the third pair Varangal and Nilambur UNESCO learning sites in this video we have discussed about these two and they are UNESCO learning sites along with this Trisha is also a learning city of UNESCO so third pair is correct first pair is incorrect second pair is incorrect third pair is correct so the correct answer is option C3 only because the question asks us to choose the correct pairs now take up this next question today we discussed about two important reverse in two discussions in one discussion we saw about satellite Yamuna and in the other discussion we saw about Kushyara river now this question is about the tributaries of river Yamuna let me read out the reverse given Chambal, Sindh, Gomti, Betwa, Ghagra, Kain see look at this representation in this map you can find both Yamuna and Ganga we know that Yamuna is a tributary of Ganga okay and here Yamuna flows parallel to Ganga and then it meets Ganga in Alhabath or Prayagraj and after that it flows as Ganga only and you can easily find that Chambal, Sindh, Betwa and Kain are tributaries of Yamuna whereas Gomti and Ghagra are tributaries of Ganga river so the correct answer to this question is option C1, 2, 4 and 6 only okay so regarding reverse it is better to you know just by heart all these tributaries because these kinds of questions and problems fetches you marks easily now with this I also have this main question for you interested aspirants can write answer to this question and post it in the comment section now before concluding don't forget to attend the poll question that will be posted along with this video now I would also like to remind you about the pre-storming test series batch 1 enrolled to this batch because it starts on 12th of September this month from Monday onwards and the first test in the pre-storming batch 1 starts on 19 September this batch 1 includes 66 tests which involves GS tests, CSAT and also mock tests all the tests will be conducted in offline mode which will be followed by a live discussion session along with this for the students who have missed the offline test there is also the option of taking the online test after two days okay so don't miss this opportunity this will be of great help to you in clearing the problems 2023 so with this information we have come to the end of this in the news analysis if you like this video don't forget to like comment and share and also subscribe to Shankara IS Academy's YouTube channel for receiving regular updates regarding current affairs thank you


Here, the authors characterize a SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine candidate that contains four-length spike protein stabilised in its pre-fusion confirmation and show immunogenicity in baboons and protection in mice with matrix M adjuvant vaccine. This article was authored by Jinghui Chen, Nita Patel, Robert Horped, and others.


team and our players and staff, hats off to them. It's a resilient group and we were out here all week and we're able to get that win. It was a really, really great effort by our players and staff and really our whole football staff. I want to thank them and I'm not gonna sit here and name every single person, but there's a lot that went into this trip and very grateful because everybody out there, we spent a great week at the University of Washington. Can't thank them enough either unless they're playing in North Carolina. I'll be rooting on the Huskies, the University of Washington. So can't thank Coach DeBoer and his staff enough either. So with that, I'll open up questions. Are you at Coach, the NFL security situation? What did they say about that? Yeah, all they told us was a drone and I've probably read too many CIA fiction thrillers, maybe too many Brad Thor books or something. So I'm looking up and they're telling me to get out of the sideline and there's a drone.  And are the player of the defense on that last drive, Brady's second, third down? Yeah, Zo too, right? So Zo got one early in the drive and it felt like a heavyweight fight. He led, that's a good football team and I've got the utmost respect for Pete Carroll and his staff and we knew it was gonna be a tough environment, it's one of the better environments in all of sports. Coming up here to Seattle on the road, it's just loud and they've got a reputation and they were on brand today. And so for the most part, the lead is never perfect. We talk about progress, there's a lot of things we can clean up, there's a lot of things I can do better, but very happy to get a win. And luckily the run game, you stayed with it and it busted open there in a little bit. Yeah, and they're different depending on the game plan. Thought we'd have a little more access there for some of the other guys and so there's some things we wanna do early and we're never gonna, we stayed with it and it was cool to watch those guys finish the game. We needed a first and hats off to the offense and CP for finishing it up. Where do you feel like progress is a broader unit from last season? Well, it's all of us. I mean, I got to talk to us all the time. It's not just me just speaking words. I mean, even though he's 31, I mean he's continuing to evolve and he works to improve. And it's fun coaching.  You got different matchups up front and it's a different scheme than we've seen the first two weeks. Excuse me, first two weeks. So we'll continue to evolve. I mean, that's the whole thing is how do we get better? You got to be critical and objective and I'll do that on the plane. I mean, we got a big game next week at home. Cleveland, they got a couple days jump on us. So we got to turn the page quick and get ready for a big game at home. Yeah, absolutely. That's what it's about, Josh. You're right. I mean, we said it last week, no moral victories but you got to be objective and understand there was progress being made and it was good to get a win and break through. So now the challenge is, can we sustain that? Can we improve with the big game coming up at home? Yeah, I thought, like all our players, never perfect but it made some big plays for us. It's like, you know, trying to be too cute before the half, I won't do that again. It's twice, you know, you don't tend to do that. Trying to be greedy and, you know, it was kind of a, it made some really big time throws staring down, writing in pressure, chose it to Drake on it, he's hot. Situational, like I said, never perfect. Same thing with AJ Terrell, right? He's got it, man. Marcus, those, so it happens and we'll continue to evaluate that and been around this long enough. We know you got to play 60 minutes and maybe sometimes more but there was no flinch on the sideline and that's what's awesome.  That's a tough team. It's a tough place to play and we got a lot of respect. They wanted to run the ball today. So do we. Yeah, it's how you break it down. There's so many different looks to be multiple. I know the personnel, you know, whether you're trying to break it down as three, three or two, five of what it really is. Even guys like Lamman and Bernie, you know, they played a little more today, which was good for them. We needed to continue to develop depth in these young guys and it takes everybody to win. What do you see out of Troy? Troy Anderson has played like a ton more snaps. Sure, we're bringing them along and through some different packages. Again, let go through the tape and we'll talk about it as a staff and go put a plan in for Cleveland. See what we need to do to try and win that game. What's for Kerry, but for this offensive line to get into the second level, what did you see from that group? Well, we pride ourselves, it takes all 11. And when you got to defend, especially you got to defend Marcus in certain areas and he's legitimately, you got to count for him. And so that can change your number count, but we pride ourselves on everybody's out there that's blocking part of the run game. We don't have receivers that take plays off. That's not our mindset.  So really, really good effort by our team. Like I said, it wasn't perfect. We know we got things to clean up. The timing of the stop it because you kind of had going away. You talking about the drone? Yeah. It is what it is. You can control things you want to. Nobody can control that. I appreciate people looking out for the, everybody's in that stadium. I mean, as we all know, there's some bizarre things that can happen around the world. I'd rather be safe. So that didn't frustrate me. You watched Kobe a little bit. What was your sense of how he played and I love talking about it today? Kobe, yeah. I thought he played pretty solid D-Led. I had to watch the film, but thought it was a pretty productive day on the offense. We punted once. Obviously, you know, we're greedy. We were three for four in the red zone. We only had seven. Is that right? You know, in fact, check me. Got us four for seven on third down. Not a lot of third downs. That means it was probably a pretty efficient day. Anything else? Have you ever been involved in something like that with a drone, just like something? Not with a drone, but I can remember. Is there anything that stopped you about that? I think this game got slowed down when something caught on fire a couple of years ago in Tennessee in the pregame. I think it slowed the game down for a second, but not a drone, not I can think of. And how pleased have you been with Drake? Very, very, yeah, just as I've been pleased with a lot of those young guys, Tyler, Bernie, all those guys contribute. Frank Darby, you know, Frank's done a good job and you know, with the plan and happy to see him out there and contributing Felipe a little bit. And I've got so many guys, young guys that are stepping up. Thank you. What was the unit talking about when y'all had the chance to go out and close it out and what happened on your stack there, get free? Yeah, we definitely had to go out there and close it out and we just had to respond. We talked to each other last night on the team and how we got to play complimentary football and we had the offensive back when they made that mistake because they put some points up for us when we were struggling. So came through at the end and got a nice stack on third down and we got a nice pick by Richie Grant on fourth down. So defense came through and helped the team get a win today, but it took a team effort. And the mentality to stay after it, to get the stops in the second half of the season and how tough it's happened now was 300 yards a half. Yeah, it definitely was a tough mentality to be able to stay, keep head down, keep working. We talked about it and just making something happy. Everything not gonna go our way, but we gotta be able to outlast and keep going. And that's what we did today and I'm happy to be able to come out with a win. And what about, how did you approach the different alignments and so forth when y'all were trying to do some different things up front to, you know, slow slow down the run? Yeah, we definitely tried to find the answer for it. They got going early hot with Penny and we knew that they was gonna come down, trying to run downhill. We tried to make some adjustments and we made some, but they still got a little too much on the ground today. We gotta be better definitely across the board against the run. But at the end of the day, we got the win and that's what counts. And how gratified is it to get one after two, you know, close calls here and start the season? Man, super, super gratifying, super tough losses that we took the first two games to be able to win a tough one on the road in the hectic environment. And that just, you know, that's gonna propel us in the right direction, you know? And just so that we can overcome and not have that dark cloud of a, when something goes wrong, like, oh, here we go again. We was able to overcome and get a stop. And the NFL security issue, how y'all try to, you know, stay ready and, you know, what they say to you all when y'all, they told us to clear the field and so forth. Oh, wouldn't I have, I was, I was, I didn't really know what happened. Was that the long stoppage in them? Yeah, of course. Okay, yeah, I didn't, I didn't really know what happened. I remember asking my coach because we was making adjustments and I'm like, we ain't playing for minutes. I really don't know what happened. What happened? Yeah, a drone flew over the stadium and NFL security said they got a clear field there.  What does it mean for your team, I'm ready to that, being a veteran for the young guys to be able to pull this game out at the end after you've lost a couple of hostlies, particularly for the young players.  It's just, it's awesome. Anything else? All right, thank you. Thanks, man. How big, two close ones, how big of a win was this for you all? Oh, huge, huge. You know, to start a win too is always tough. You kind of dig yourself in a little bit of a hole, but it says a lot about our guys. Their ability to bounce back and that was a huge win for us. And the run game, it looked like y'all stayed with it and it finally started, you know, started to break some runs there and took control of the game a little bit with it. Was that the plan there? Yeah, and that's sometimes how it's got to be, right? You know, Seattle did a great job early on of kind of boxing us in and we made some plays in the passing game. Once you're able to do that, it loosens it up and our guys up front did a great job which is kind of pushing that line of scrimmage and we found some ways to break runs and really break the game open for us. It looked like early, you all, you know, eight passes went to cow pits in the first half and I don't know if they took them away or what, but that helped to open the run game and that they, you know, y'all were going down fill and so forth. Yeah, yeah, absolutely. And, you know, that's kind of the intent, right? Is to be able to be multiple. You know, our guys did a great job of making plays in the pass game early to be able to open that up in the run game and guys made plays. And from there, you know, that's tough when we run in RPOs, but, you know, what happened and you try to pull it or you try to take it? Yeah, that's on me. You know, that situation just being smarter with the football. Selfishly, I was trying to go close it myself. You know, I thought I could got around the corner there, but it's all part of this learning process. We've got a young back and this is my third game again for a couple of years and, you know, those are, those are processes. Those are things that will continue to grow on and things will work out. You know, Drake's touchdown pass, was that a hot read? It looked like they were running pretty quick. Yeah. And again, Drake, just his ability, his natural ability to feel zones, you know, he felt it right away. Once that guy vacated it, that he could look quick. And it's always, like I said before, it's always nice to throw a four or five yard pass for a touchdown. And he made some incredible moves after that, but hats off to the kid. He's got, he's got a good feel. What does it say about the mental focus of the team, Mark? Is that you guys were able to overcome drone delays and fumble and be able to come through the win moving forward from a psychological standpoint of the team? I think a lot of credit is due to our guys for sure. You know, it was kind of a weird deal with the drone, but then, you know, then a couple of plays later, we fumble and our defense comes out and makes a play.  You know, sometimes offense is going to stumble, defense has got to be able to pick it up. And they did at the end. You know, as for us as an offense, we're going to have to go make plays sometimes. And that's just the way it is. And in order for our team to be good and to win these games, you got to be able to have those moments. And our guys on defense did a great job of pulling it out at the end. Do you feel a sense of relief from getting your first win? I don't know, I'm not necessarily relief. I think the expectation for us, especially these first couple of weeks, you know, we're to win games. So it feels good, but I'm not necessarily like a relief. I think our expectation as a team is to be playing in games like this to continue to win and put some of these together. Thank you guys. Have a good one.


I'm John Furrier with siliconangle.com and siliconangle.tv and I'm here with my co-host Dave Vellante. We are live inside Oracle Open World in San Francisco, California, where the streets are closed, people are partying, tons of schmoozing, 45,000 people shutting down all the streets. Larry Ellison gave a keynote last night. Oracle is the big bad gorilla on the block here in the tech industry and everyone's here. So we're excited to cover it and the top news here is that Oracle is going heavily into the hardware business and increasing their performance. They own Java. They're having Java one going on in San Francisco as well. So every single tech geek, every enterprise guy is in town, Dave, and we're covering it wall-to-wall in a blanket. Siliconangle.com is where all the news is breaking. We'll be covering the news. We'll be covering specific topics that we see as trending items within our dashboard that we're monitoring. And we're going to have great guests at one o'clock. We've got Ray Wang with news coming in. We've got tons of executives coming in and we're going to talk tech, virtualization, cloud, mobile. Oracle owns the enterprise. They're in the top accounts. They're probably the one company, Dave, that's being attacked by everybody. Everyone wants their market share. Highly competitive. Larry Ellison is an industry legend who's known for sailing yachts. He's bringing the America's Cup to San Francisco. And last night, got a World Series ring from the San Francisco Giants on stage. So what an event here in San Francisco. We're going to bring it all there. We've got all the news covered here, John. As you said, keep it right here on siliconangle.tv, siliconangle.com, wikibond.org. If you've got some questions, check out those resources. If we don't have the answer, send us a note, ask a question, send us a tweet, and we'll try to get it for you in the community. So, Dave, for the folks out there watching, we're just getting some love from Justin.tv and this is the Cube. The Cube is Siliconangle.tv's flagship telecast where we go out to the events out in the industry, the top and most important events, and we cover it like a blanket every day, multiple days, eight hours a day, bringing it live. I want to thank Justin.tv for great support and a great system. We know they're doing a lot of gaming. We like to bring perspective and opinion, unfiltered, independent analysis of events, and we're the only ones doing it, going two of these events and going deep, going live with our commentary. So thanks for watching. This is the Cube. Again, our flagship telecast where we extract the signal from the noise and share that with our followers, our friends, and you guys. So thanks so much. So John, in these spotlights, we like to go deep and share with practitioners our knowledge and our community's knowledge and bring in subject matter experts and we're going to talk about data protection. It's a very important topic. You know, data protection is like insurance, right? I mean, nobody wants to spend a lot for it but you have to do it. And in the Oracle world, it's probably more important because it's your critical data. So what we have here is we prepared some graphics that Mark's going to show you and we're just going to talk through some of this stuff. So maybe John, we can start by taking a look at the market angle. And as we talked about at VMworld, there's an explosion of data. Joe Tucci was on stage this morning talking about just an enormous amount of data. IDC says 1.2 zettabytes shipped last year. That's a trillion billion or a billion trillion, however you want to look at it. And they say that's going to grow 44x by the end of the decade. And the other trend we see is virtualization, right? You saw that virtualization obviously was a big theme at VMworld. Well, it's happening in Oracle shops as well. Even though Oracle, you know, not necessarily supportive of virtualization products like VMware or Hyper-V pushing its own, but the dominant platform within Oracle shops is VMware. And I would say that 90% of the shops out there that I talked to are doing some kind of or will be doing some kind of VMware. So that pressures the backup space. Now Oracle DBAs basically have three choices that are Oracle supported, right? And that means that Oracle is going to, support them fully and embrace them. And there are really three things, user managed, which is really old school, Oracle Recovery Manager, otherwise known as RMAN and backup parlance and Oracle Import Export. I want to talk about each of those and talk about the trade-offs and the pluses and minuses and just give a brief overview before we dig into it with the subject matter experts. But the one big theme here, John, is, as you know, disk is replacing tape as the primary backup. And the real reason is speed of recovery and reliability, right? Disk is way, way faster, all right? And of course, deduplication makes the economics of disk much, much better. So the first one I'm going to talk about, John, is user managed backup. And this is the old tried and true. They're basically what they are is scripts that are written by the DBA or somebody else within the organization. And you, the scripts put the database into and out of backup mode and do handle all the tasks associated with backup. So it's a very manual, very script-oriented. It's a long history in Oracle shops, which is why a lot of people like it. It's managed by the DBA so they can control it. And it's seen as cheap. A lot of shops are concerned that you got to go out and buy a license for an agent if you're doing our man. Now, a lot of that has changed and I'll talk about that. The problem with user managed backups is they're very error-prone. Because they're scripts and because there's a lot of manual intervention, you've got to really pay attention to what you're doing. It's complicated for the DBA. And the recovery in particular, you know backup is one thing, recovery is everything. And the recovery here is manual. And as a result of all this, you can't do incremental backup. So you're backing up the whole database. It's the entire database every single time. So it's a bandwidth suck. And if you're virtualizing, that makes it that much worse. So the second option we're going to talk about is our man. And our man is by far the preferred approach. Oracle is fully supporting it. And when you talk to practitioners about best practice, it's really our man is what it's all about. Our man is an Oracle API. We talked a lot at VMworld a couple of weeks ago about VMware APIs. Well, this is Oracle's backup API. So it directly communicates with the database. It's like a fast pipeline between the data and the database, the backup device, the backup system and the backup process. So it's much, much simpler than so-called user manage because you got end-to-end visibility on that backup. What that does is it allows you to do incremental backup so you can just back up the changes. So you're backing up a lot less data. Obviously you got to do a full backup the first time through, but you're talking about much, much smaller data sets every night. So that means your backup windows are a lot less pressured. And so restorations are much, much simpler. You can just pick and choose what you want. And it integrates with all the major backup software whether it's Symantec, EMC, Commvault, all the major packages integrate with our man. Some of the drawbacks is it's new to a lot of shops. People, new changes, scary to people. And it's perceived as expensive because there used to be some license costs involved with licensing the agent, although most of those issues are resolved because people are now licensing or charging on a capacity basis. So there's really no extra charge. And the last one I'm going to talk about before we talk about some user imperatives is import-export backup. I should put that in quotes. What really this is is a snapshot in time. It's really not a backup. It's simple, easy peasy. It's a snapshot in time. And the other nice thing about it is it's database version independent. So an import-export backup on one version of a database will work on a new or older version of a database. It really doesn't matter. The problem is you got to qui-est the database. You can only recover at a point in time. It's not really a backup. It's an archive. So it's easy, but it's not what's recommended. So John, we've put together some eight customer imperatives and I'll run through them quickly and then we'll dig into the spotlight here. And the first one is backup often. Vote often, we'll backup often. And then test that backup that could be recovered. A lot of customers don't adequately test recovery. And there's a golden rule in Oracle Backup and really in any backup and recovery, it's really separate the backup data and all the metadata and all the files that you need to recover from the disks that contain the actual data files. So if you have a problem, you really want to separate the media, the RAID devices, the volumes, and the file systems. Even though they're reliable, they break sometimes. And if you lose the data and the backup data, you're basically in huge trouble. Hey, that's all great and all, but I mean, that's like kind of common sense. Why isn't it imperative that it should be doing it anyway? What's different now? Well, because Oracle, a lot of customers don't do that, believe it or not. And if you don't do that in Oracle, you're talking about mission critical data, right? So that's why it's so important. What's the problem? What's the key problem in your opinion? The key problem is that if you put the backup data and the corporate data on the same device and somehow it gets corrupted or somehow you lose that media, you're out, you're down, you're fired. That's really the problem. The data's lost. The data's lost. It's gone. It's corrupted forever. So Oracle's in all these top zillion accounts, 20 top banks, and they don't do backup? Well, they do them, but it's complicated. And there are some new people to, Oracle, it's a spectrum, it's like anything. You've got people that are very experienced at doing backups and people that aren't. And the ones that aren't might make mistakes because this stuff is complicated. The other thing is virtualization, right? Virtualization, we talked about this a lot, stresses backup. So you've got to simplify the process. That's why, really, our man is the preferred approach. You got to look at that as the best practice. And do the math on disk-based recovery. Ideally, you could leave at least 24 hours of your redo logs on disk because you don't want to have to get that stuff from tape. If you got to do a recovery of a redo log, you want to do it from disk, you don't want to do it from tape. What are the key virtualization trends that are driving backup? Obviously, virtualization, great technology. Disk is replacing tape, SSDs and flashes placing the disk. What's the main tech going on that drive this? As it relates to backup, the biggest issue with virtualization is, as we know, servers traditionally have been underutilized, right? That 10%, 15%. Well, backup is one application that is not underutilized. When you're doing a backup, you're a 90% utilization of that service. So when you virtualize, you consolidate, you have now less physical assets. As a result, you're more constrained and your backup window gets more pressured. So you have to be smart about the way you architect it. So, great question. So that's really, John, the quick snapshot. And we're now going to dig deep into some of these issues. We're going to talk about specifically what is the direction of backup, what practitioners are doing.


been a bit quicker than suddenly the UK Government itself in getting itself in order and putting messages in. It is maybe a bit different here in Scotland where the First Minister got in on things quite quickly. It is probably too early. The system is gearing up. There will be a committee structure. There are two new ministers to develop and so on. We are just repeating some simple messages about us to as many people as we can, and that will get into the process as we go forward. I myself, obviously, am on the First Minister's advisory council on a personal basis on all of this. I guess that will be a forum to think about some of this, but it is not to that point yet. We immediately got involved with discussions with the Scottish Government. Fergus Ewing, as the fisheries minister, was straight out of the stall with us immediately after the vote, and that is really, really useful. He is sequentially seeing every sub-association, so he understands the sectoral differences as well. As much as that is information gathering, that is going very well. I am perceiving that the UK Government is still setting up its infrastructure, whereas we have made the requests, and we have had rather meaningless exchanges of what we will all do as best we can. There has not been much substance overall, and we are very much looking forward to that. There may come a day when we ask the Scottish Government for assistance in this matter, if we feel that it is not going well, but it is very early days. The infrastructure is simply not there yet. We have had initially pretty good engagement with the Scottish Government. As I said earlier, it moved quickly to give the necessary assurances to current and 2016 joiner EU students. We are working with them on what assurances can be given to people applying for a 2017 entry, and it was very useful to get a statement, a confidence-building statement, jointly out with Ms Somerville on research. We are working closely with our partner organisation, the University of the UK, which has had discussions with the relevant portfolio ministers, but, as others have said, clearly the negotiating position of the UK Government is still very much being formed. Does anyone else want to? Can I just have a very last intervention, convener? One thing that slightly worries us is that, in the terms of reference of the group, for instance, that David is part of, the thrust is, how do we best stay as close as possible to the EU? There is at least one sector that would wish, under whatever circumstances, to have a very careful look at how we defend our position outside the EU. That is rather starkly stating it, but there is one area where it is in Scotland's strongest interests to not have the closest relationship in that respect. That is just an area of worry that we wish to flag up and, of course, we will be talking to you about that. We will certainly be able to hear that particular position today through the committee. I think that we will finish up now. Thank you very much for all the time. Thank you very much to all our witnesses for coming along. I very much appreciate your time today, and we will now go into private session.


Now we've talked about temperature. Temperature is a measure of how fast the atoms and molecules inside something are jiggling about, moving at random. Now I would like to talk about heat. This is a bit of a tricky thing to talk about because in normal English we use heat in many different ways. You can say someone is hot, you can heat something up, you can put on a heat pack. It's often used as a synonym for temperature. But in physics it has a precise definition which is it's the amount of energy you need to add or subtract from something to change its temperature. Okay, so what does that mean? Why do you need to put energy in or take it out of a system to change its temperature? Well, let's think of the gas. This is a simulation we saw before. A gas that's hot has all its atoms moving at random. And that means that all these atoms have kinetic energy. If you want to make the gas hotter, you'll have to put some energy in and that energy will make the atoms move faster. The energy is conserved, you don't get energy from nothing. If you want the atoms to have more energy, you need to put it in somehow. For a monatomic gas like this one where you've just got single atoms, that's all there is to it. You just need to increase the kinetic energy of the particles. If you have a solid however, it's a bit more complicated. Here we've also, if you want to make it hotter, we also have to make the atoms go faster, but that's not enough. Let's say for example you freeze this at some particular moment. There's no motions, but there's still energy here because some of the springs are compressed, some of them are bent, some are stretched. So even if you manage to freeze everything here, the springs would still start moving again when you released it. The springs here of course are the chemical bonds. So in something like this, the energy inside it is two forms. It's partially the kinetic energy of the atoms jiggling around, and partially it's the energy stored in all those chemical bonds that act like springs. Sometimes they're stretched, sometimes they're compressed, and you know if you have a compressed spring it can do work and they're being that energy is stored in it. It turns out that on average the energy in the bonds, the springs, and the kinetic energy of the things moving around is about the same. If you had all the energy in the springs, that wouldn't last long. The springs are pushing things around to stop atoms moving. If you had atoms moving but no energy in the springs, that motion will cause the springs to get compressed and uncompressed, and so before along you'll end up with about the same energy in each. This is called the principle of super equipartition, and it's fundamental in larger areas of thermodynamics.


Hello! Good evening or good morning for those of you who are on the other side of the globe. Good morning, good afternoon, good evening, wherever you may be. Thank you for joining me for another live lesson with myself. I am Sherri, teacher Sherri and you are at Learn English Live. When I'm trying to explain something to everyone, I can't wait to get started with our lesson, but let's begin by having everyone share with me who you are and where you are from. And I will pull up the chat here and start greeting everyone for today. So let's see. Layla, of course, is beginning her morning with us. Dwee, hello. Good to see you. I think I saw someone here really early. Hmm. Dilvan, Dilvan, you were here. You were here almost 30 minutes early. Thanks for coming. And of course we have Dwee and Layla. Sadam, thank you for returning. I believe you were here last week at my lesson. So Pakistan at 6 a.m. Thank you for joining us. Zaman, hello. Zaman, great to see you and Brian. Hello. Hello. Thank you, Layla, for letting me know that you can hear me and see me. And Diego, Ecuador. Yes, I, it is totally on my list to visit. Gertrudis, welcome. Thanks for joining. Gertrudis, I think I saw you join my Instagram page. Thank you so much for doing that. Rania, hello, Rania. It's good to see you. I remember, I think we were in Rania. Let me know, were you in the chat, the Zoom meeting? I think I may have met you. Let me know. Jonathan, of course. Great to see you, Jonathan. And, oh, Dwee, I am actually, I'm actually doing a guest lecture at a school this evening later at a school in Indonesia. So I'm excited about that. Faizer, hello. And please let me know if I am not saying your name correctly. I want to pronounce your name correctly if possible. Natalie, good evening to you. Anna, it's great to see you. Hello, everyone. So it's a great day, right? Every day is a great day to be alive. Faizer. Oh, Bangladesh. Welcome. Thanks for joining us today. Yes, I remember, Rania. I'm a person I do fairly well with names. I do try to remember people. I just, it's something that I do, try to remember people, but of course, with all the people that I meet online, it's hard to sometimes connect names because I often don't have never seen you before. But with Rania, I have. It was nice to see you. Claudio. Hello, Claudio. Welcome to Learn English Live. So I want to start off with giving myself a little bit of a plug. What that means is I am going to encourage you to visit my social media. And I would greatly appreciate if you would find me on Instagram where I am Learn English with Sherry. If you look below here on YouTube, all of my social media is listed there. I am also on TikTok now and having fun with teaching some lessons there. And I have my Instagram page and of course my YouTube page, Learn English with Sherry. Thank you for subscribing, following, all of those things. And I try to put out new content all the time to help you in your English journey. So, ah, Phaser, you teach prefixes to your students. Great. Alu. Great to see you, Alu. How are things in your country today? Tika. Hello, Tika. Thank you so much for being a subscriber. Anna, Tika. Thank you so much for being a subscriber. Jonathan and Grutrudis. Thank you so much. Dwi. Thank you. I really appreciate it. That is how you can show support for Robin and myself and everyone else who is a part of the channel. You can be a channel subscriber and that allows us to just continue to provide this content to you.  I am a speech therapist and online ESL teacher. I am from the United States. I live in the Midwest and I teach both in a school to young children and I also teach online, of course, as well. So, let's go ahead and get started. We are going to have our lesson here this evening or this morning or afternoon on prefixes. And I think that one thing that I found when I was a college student, I took a course on word etymology, which basically means breaking down words, finding the root words, looking at the prefixes and suffixes. And by taking this course, I learned so many new words and I also learned what to do when I encountered a word that I wasn't familiar with. You can often figure out the general meaning of a word by looking at the root word, the prefix, and the suffix. So, let's take a look at our lesson this evening. There aren't as many slides as usual, so if you have any questions, please feel free to ask them. Also, make sure that you answer in the chat. So, here we go. Learning prefixes is a great way to help you build your vocabulary. So, when there are a group of letters that have a special meaning that appears at the beginning of a word, we call that group of letters a prefix. So, here is the definition of prefix. When we have a group of letters that have a special meaning that appear at the beginning of a word. And if we break apart the word pre, pre means beginning or before. Pre, prefix, the definition of prefix. So, Phaser, I actually teach young students and I work with adults as well, but yes, my students at my school are three, four, five, six, and seven years of age. So, I have spent a lot of my career teaching young children how to learn how to talk and how to communicate. Okay, so let's look at a list of the most frequently used prefixes in the English language. These account for 97% of words that have prefixes in printed English. So, 97% of prefixed words in printed English are made up of these next few. We're going to go over these, talk about what they mean, and then we will have new prefixes that we will learn towards the end of the lesson and you will have activities to do during this lesson where you will interact. So, our first prefix we will look at this evening, this morning, this afternoon is dis, dis. And the meaning of dis is opposite, opposite. Disappear is our example word that uses the prefix dis.  And so the opposite of appear is to disappear. Hello, Alicia. Great to see you again. Thanks to you. Thank you for returning. So, I'm going to disappear. Not really. So, one interesting thing in the United States, if someone were to say, I am going to dis them. Dis is a term that means you're going to do something that makes them look bad. You're going to say something that makes them embarrassed or look bad. Dis, it is a slang word. So, Jozo, Jozo, nice to meet you. And is it Jozo or Yoso? Let me know. I am using a Logitech streaming video camera. Okay, so our next prefixes that we will look at in an M, in an M. The meaning of these are not, not. We have the example words of injustice, injustice. So, if you are done an injustice, that means that you were treated in a manner that was not just Lee, not fair, injustice. Impossible, impossible. You remove the M, it's not possible. Impossible. There is a very famous old song that is called Dream the Impossible Dream. I'm not going to sing, but that is a popular song. Okay, so let's move on and ask any questions if you have any questions in the chat as we go through the lesson. Ill and err. Ill and err. Both of these also mean not, not. We have examples of illegal, illegal, which means not legal. In my state of Illinois, it is illegal to drive a vehicle and to talk on a phone, holding a phone up to your ear. It is illegal to drive and talk on a phone in Illinois. So, illegal. We have also err, irregular, irregular, not regular, not regular. If you have, okay, so my sister sells clothing online. She goes to secondhand stores and she will buy the clothing and then she will sell it online. She looks for name brands that are sometimes at thrift stores because they are found to be irregular in their quality, irregular, meaning there might be a button missing or the sleeves are different lengths, something like that. So, yes, we not opposite of being legal, it's not legal. Illegal or irregular. Okay, so let's continue. We have ri, ri. The meaning of this prefix is again, again. So we have our example word of renew, renew. Sometimes people who have been married for many years will renew their wedding vows, renew their wedding vows. Okay, Phaser, my contact information is down below. Please reach out to me there and Gertrude, what are parts of the sentence I can add prefixes. So prefixes are added to words. They are added to words and there are a wide variety of words that prefixes may be added to and these words can be placed at pretty much any place in the sentence. So great, thanks guys. Giving examples, fantastic, good work and you're going to give examples pretty soon. We'll do that. So we have refund and reload, repaid, rewrite, all wonderful things, great. I like the word rejuvenate, rejuvenate.  That's a big word. So rejuvenate, I didn't put that in the lesson. It is spelled R-E-J-U-V, rejuvenate. All right, let's move on. Our next word, our next prefix, excuse me, is un, un, you and un. Again, this prefix means not. There are several prefixes that mean not. Unkind, unkind. This is, I always am telling my children, do not be unkind, do not be unkind, be kind. Okay, so phaser return, is it a prefix used word? Turn, yes, yes, that is correct. Return and return can be used as a prefix rejuvenated. I'm going to type this in the chat so you can see how that is, rejuvenated. Okay, Sunil, welcome Sunil. Uncapacity, I don't believe we would use uncapacity. Capacity means that you, it has enough volume or space. Uncapacity, that would be a bit unusual to use that. Unknown, unknown would be a better way to use that word. Do we unknown? The planet Mars is the great unknown. Unreal, unfold, uncool. I like that. What about unlike? Yes, unlike. It is unlike Layla to miss a lesson on learning English live. Unable, yes, that's great gratuitous. Just put that word together. There is not a space unlike Diego. Yes, hey Diego, great to see you. All right, let's keep moving and Natalie, Natalie, I like Unreal. Great, okay, so now we're going to move into our practice exercises and remember it's okay to make mistakes. That is how we learn. I make mistakes every day, sometimes multiple times a day. So that is okay. Hey Moon, great to see you. Welcome. Welcome to the lesson. So let's start our practice exercises. Here we go. Yes, hey for Anna, unstable, great word using the prefix un, meaning not stable, not stable. Okay, so we are going to move into the exercises. We're going to talk about what the prefixes and then when they add to the words, what it means, and then we're going to write sentences. Unleash, great. So there is a movie that when I hear the word unleash, I always think of a movie that is about the Roman and Greek gods. It is an action movie and they said unleash the Kraken. Unleash, so that is a saying that align you here in a movie. So Ram, nice to meet you. Good morning Ram. Thanks for coming to the lesson. Underprivileged, yes, underprivileged. That is a great word and yes, unhappy. Okay, so let's talk about pre, if pre means before, then what does preheat mean? So we have the prefix pre means before. What does preheat mean? Preheat. So go ahead and type in the chat box. What does preheat mean? See him blue. Hello. Hello, good morning. Nice to see you. What does preheat mean? Let's just take a look here. I've got my dog Bitsy is on my lap this evening. Maybe she'll show her face later. So preheat. What does preheat mean? If pre means before, what does preheat? Okay. Anna, we have to eat it. Heat it before eating. Okay, precook. I make preheat my food. Okay, let's let's figure it out here. So we have preheat. Does it mean A to heat again? B to heat before doing something. A or B? Answer that in the chat, please. A or B? Okay, I'm seeing I to heat before for REITs. Great to see you here. Thank you for joining me this evening. Gratruta such I preheat the oven.  I'll wait for the next one and let's see who else we have here. B, B, A, Zaman. Nice to see you here.  I'm sorry. I can't see it in English. B, B, A, Raham says I think B. Okay. And B, okay. Zaman, B, okay. So let's see. We're going to use preheat in a sentence. The answer, my friends, is B to heat before doing something. Preheat. So my sentence example for you is, well, actually, I'm going to wait on that. I apologize. So if you could add your sentence in the chat, we have several people for REITs. Yes, you are correct. Reheat would be letter A. Reheat would be letter A. So let's give some sentences using the word preheat. If we know that the answer was B in the chat. B, before you make lasagna, you have to preheat the oven. Yes. Yes, Gratruta. You're correct. Fazer, I have a live on Learn English Live every Tuesday at the same time. I also have my own YouTube channel, which is Learn English with Sherry. I have quite a few videos there and I do occasionally go live there. So the answer, Radha, great to see you. Thanks for joining. The answer was B to preheat. I would eat pizza but I need to okay, yes, we add the word I need to preheat before I put the pizza in the oven. I will preheat the food before eating. So Anna, you would say I will reheat the food. If the food got cold, it was hot when it came out of the oven. It got cold and then you were going to eat it so you have to reheat it. Pre means to do something before heating. So I have to reheat leftovers before I eat it. Yes. So here is my example sentence. So Zaman, it would be reheat, reheat. I need to pre or I had to preheat the oven before baking the cookies. So when you bake cookies, the oven needs to be a certain temperature. The recipe says preheat the oven to 350 degrees.  You turn them on. Thank you, Fraser. And you're heating the oven up to 350 degrees. Then you need to preheat your ears before listening to this lesson. That's that's very, yeah. I hope the lesson isn't too challenging for you but I think that's a great sentence. So I need to preheat the oven before baking the cookies. So let's talk about the prefix re. We were all wanting to well not all but many students were wanting to use re when we were talking about heat. Re means to do again. So if re means to do again then what does replay mean? What does replay mean? What do we think? Let's take a look. A, play again or B, leave a second time. Leave a second time. B or A, play again. Replay. Answer in the chat. What do you think the answer to this is? A or B? Yes. I'm seeing some answers come in now. I have to wait and then all of a sudden they come in. Boom, boom, boom, boom, boom. Yes, great. I'm seeing several answers here. Ram, excellent. A for Anna, yes. The instructions ask us to preheat before adding the flour. That's a great example. A, the answer is A, play again. Excellent work everyone. Nice job. So now let's create a sentence. Natalie, good great work. Let's compose a sentence or write a sentence with the word replay in it. Type your sentence in the chat. Sahablu, yes that's great. Don't forget. Don't forget if you have not subscribed to my channel I hit 100 subscribers this week. Thanks to the students. Thank you so much if you have already done so. If not the link is down below. Please hit that link, subscribe, click the bell so you can get notifications. You also can do that here at Learn English Live. So hey teacher Javier, great to see you. I'm doing well. Thank you. Okay, so that Gertrude is yes. Riso is a good way of using re. Can we use replay in a sentence? I replay my playlist for the entire day. Fantastic. A for Anna, great. Replay, mm-hmm. Please replay the voice note. Yes, I was listening to a voice note. Someone was giving me some a couple of words in another language that I don't speak and I was trying to learn how to say it so I listened to the voice note several times. Okay, perfect. Please reconsider our offer and order. Now remember when we use a prefix there is no space between the prefix and the rest of the word. It's all together. Natalie, yes, let's replay that football game. Reconsider our offer. Oh, Jonathan, oh my heart. You got me. I'm going to replay the Van Halen concert that reminded me. Okay, you usually replay, reply or replay Leila. I think it was a typo. Yes, you usually replay the lesson twice. Replay a good song, Rania. Yes, I have several songs that I love. I could not get tired of and I can just replay them. Replay the video. Yes, in-party, no space. Replay. Good. Yes, I also like to replay movies that I really enjoy. The referee decided to replay the game. Hmm, that would be an interesting situation. Gertrude, great sentence. So let's move on to anti. The prefix anti means against. So if this is the case, what does anti-social mean? Thank you, Gertrude. I always replay your live streams later. So here we go. Is it A, to prefer others' company, or B, one who likes social media, or C, not wanting the company of others? Raha, I replayed the new song several times. You need to make that a past tense. I replayed the song, the new song several times. So anti-social, does this mean A, to prefer others' company, B, one who likes social media, or C, not wanting the company of others? Okay, so Fareed. Yes, C, C, C. Oh, Alyssa Marie. You are here in the house. Fantastic. Yes, C. Natalie. Alameen. Great to see you. Rosangelo. Fantastic. Nice to meet you. It's great to see new names. Thank you so much for coming. C, yes, the answer is C, not wanting the company of others. So now let's take a look at writing a sentence in the chat using the word anti-social. So I'll give you a moment here. To do that. Yes, Salaam. Let's write a sentence, please, using the word anti-social. Don't be shy. Writing a sentence is the best way to make sure you understand the concept. A for Anna. So I wonder if with all of the social distancing that is necessary due to the pandemic, if this is creating people to be more anti-social. Yes, Gertrude, I have three teenagers. My 14 year old daughter, she likes to be in her room. She, okay, she is anti-social. That's why she doesn't like talking with others. Add is to that sentence, anti-Christ. That is, yes, that is the use of a word. Some teenagers are anti, I'm a little bit anti- social. Rania says, don't talk to him. He is an anti-social person. We would need to use the article and their realm. Anti-social people cannot remain happy in the world. Salaam. It can be rather challenging for people who are anti-social to remain happy. Riham, Zaman, today's live streams. Okay. Thank you, Javier. Make sure that you say today's live streams are very useful because live streams, if you're using plural, but since it's one live stream, you would say today's live stream is very social. Today's live stream is very social. Okay. This boy is anti-social. He doesn't want to talk to his friends. Yes. Great sentences, guys. Okay. So anti-social behavior, yes. Anti-social behavior is often used to describe criminals, people who engage in illegal activities. Ah, Kertrudis, I can imagine that you're not an anti-social person. And Natalie, okay. Well, maybe you just hadn't met the right people, Natalie. You hadn't, you had not found your tribe yet. There is a saying that says, you will find your tribe, which means that you will find your people. You will find people that you relate to who you feel accepted by. Okay. So Riham says, I am anti-social during this time. So let's talk about co, the prefix co, co means together. So if co means together, then what does the word cosine mean? Cosine. Now this is not necessarily the math term that I'm talking about because there is a term in math that's called cosine, but this is different. Ah, so a lot of anti, yes, there are a lot of anti-social people around the world for each to sign together. So let's see. We have a, complete gestures together or b, sign a document with another person. Cosine. What does it mean? A, complete gestures together or b, sign a document with another person. Let's go ahead and answer that in the chat. And I am going to take a quick drink of my caffeine. B, to sign together. Layla. Yes. Seeing B. Layla, you are correct. It's B, to sign together. Gratuitous. All right. So yes, the answer is B. It's great to see so many students here this evening. Thanks for coming. We appreciate it at Learn English Live. I am also on TikTok. So if you are, if your country allows TikTok, I do have a TikTok as well that is also in the information below. So Layla, you did get it correct when you said B. So hello, Michelle. Great to see you. Great to see you, Michelle. Yes, the answer is B. Thank you for being a channel supporter, Michelle. Okay. So I did not put a slide to write a sentence. So we are going to move on to the next one. So let's talk about un. If un means not, what does unacceptable mean? What does unacceptable mean? Unacceptable. If un means not, what does unacceptable mean? So let's look at our choices. Students, we have A, necessary. B, not satisfactory or allowable. C, not attainable. Radha. And answer in the chat. Remember what our word is. It's unacceptable, unacceptable and un means not. So what does unacceptable mean? Both of the representatives co-signed the contract at the end of the meeting. Yes, that is a correct sentence for co-sign. The husband had his wife co-sign the loan for the vehicle. So the word we're working on now is unacceptable. And we've got A, necessary, B, not satisfactory or allowable or C, not attainable. The answer is B. Not satisfactory or allowable. Not satisfactory or allowable. So let's write a sentence using the word unacceptable and it means it's not allowable, not allowable. So let's go ahead and write a sentence using the word unacceptable. So my sentence would be I find it unacceptable when people are unkind to one another. I find it unacceptable when people are unkind to one another. The answer was B. Okay, Leila. Yes, I understand. Unacceptable. I find it unacceptable when people are unkind. Yes, perfect sentence, Rosangelo. Perfect. It is unacceptable to be racist. Okay, so Dwi, I find your concept unacceptable. His behavior is unacceptable. Yes, I've said that about my children before. Your behavior is unacceptable. Oh, Rania, just kidding. Okay. Yes, Zaman, that is great. His apologies were unacceptable. Alyssa Marie, yes. It is unacceptable to not wear, to not wear a face mask. Unacceptable. All right, so let's continue. We have if dis means the opposite of, if dis means the opposite of, then what does disrespect mean? Good. Okay, so, let's talk about your sentence. Nowadays, it is unacceptable for people to sit close to each other. Saddam, your letter of an increasing salary is unacceptable too. Okay, so let's fix that. Your letter requesting a salary increase is unacceptable to the owner of the company. Unacceptable circumstances. C-I-R-C-U-M-S-T-A-N circumstances. Look that up. Look it up in the dictionary. Raham, I know Robin says that. He tells people all the time, look it up in the dictionary. And I always just want to tell people how things are spelled, but truly the best way to learn how to spell something is to look it up in the dictionary. So what does disrespect mean? Not respect, opposite from respect, rude, aloo, great choice of that word, your words. So we have A, reword or B, lack of respect. Okay, so Layla, you can in the homework. I'm going to put closed homework tomorrow, students. So come back and check out tomorrow when the live stream has been made available by YouTube for the replay. I will post homework and you can use any of these words in a sentence to get extra practice. I will look at your homework and help you. So lack of respect, B, disrespect means lack of respect. Fantastic, everyone. So now let's use a sentence, please, using the word disrespect, disrespect. And if you want, you can even add a suffix and say disrespectful. So I often will tell my children, don't be disrespectful. Sometimes they will use a tone of voice that is not appropriate. And I will say, don't be disrespectful to me. So let's come up with a sentence for the word disrespect. And we are getting close to the end. I wasn't sure. Disrespect. I'm waiting for your sentences. Oh, and since I have to use a mascot in my lessons, here is, this is Bitsy. She is my oldest. And she is my best dog. She's not quite as excited to be on camera as Chica, my puppy. But she's a great dog, excellent dog. So I wouldn't be disrespectful, disrespectful, Michelle. Robbers disrespect the laws, correct? Most of the kids nowadays have disrespect for the elderly. Sometimes students are disrespectful to teachers. I hope I'm not disrespecting my elders. It is disrespectful to use your phone when your teacher explains, I don't like disrespectful behavior. So students, let's talk about Natalie's sentence. Yes, your disrespect is unacceptable. He disrespects his father showing disrespect to elders isn't a good, isn't good manners. Yes. Ah, aloo. I hope your son learns to be respectful, or maybe that's just an example sentence. So Rania, it's not respect, it's disrespectful to saying when everyone's asleep, right? I disrespect his breaking of the rules. Yes. So Michelle, this is not Chica. This is actually Bitsy. Bitsy is my oldest. Bitsy, can you say hello? Say hello? No? Bitsy. She was itsy bitsy when she was a baby. And now she's an old woman. And so I am very respectful of her. So disrespect can be used, yes, as a noun. I don't want to disrespect the church. If you were to say disrespectful, then you would use that to describe. So disrespectful behavior would be an adjective. Layla, what about my sentence? I missed that. He disrespects his father. Yes, I did read that and that is correct. That is a correct sentence, Layla. So let's see here. If you say I disrespect my father, that the disrespect would be a verb. And that disrespectful, Michelle, there's so many people I'm missing some of them. So for each verb, yes, and my dogs are going to start to bark now. So I apologize for that. Disrespect verb. You can say his disrespect is unacceptable. In that case, it's not a verb. Okay, so we have made it to the end and learn English with Sherry on Learn English Live. I did mention earlier, if you have not done so, please subscribe on YouTube. And also, I have my Instagram and TikTok. And of course, if you have not subscribed to Learn English Live, Robin has his live streams on Sundays. It's Sunday morning for North America, South America, and it would be Sunday evening for those who are on the other side of the world. So thank you so much everyone for coming. I really appreciated it. And I hope you found this lesson to be helpful. I used a suffix in that word helpful. And what about mine, Sahu blue? Let's see here. There's so many showing disrespect to the elders that is used correctly. Yes. And Rania, what does disrespect mean from your opinion? Okay, that is an interesting concept. Because you're welcome, Alyssa. Thanks for coming. Disrespect can, there are things that are considered disrespectful in certain cultures that are appropriate in other cultures. So for example, in some cultures, it's disrespectful to not make eye contact when you speak to someone. But in other cultures, it's disrespectful to make eye contact with someone who might be your elder or your superior. You're not supposed to make eye contact with them. So that would be an example. There are so many different ways to answer that. Thank you so much live streams every Tuesday here at Learn English Live. I also have my channel Learn English with Sherry. I tend to do more videos that I post there, but I will do some live streams on Learn English with Sherry. So I post those on Robin's WhatsApp group, if you'd like to join the WhatsApp group, that link is below as well. Practicing English can be frustrating and challenging. The best way to improve your speaking skills is to speak, even if it's not speaking to someone else. So you can listen to the live stream. You can repeat back what I'm saying, record yourself speaking, listen to yourself and compare it to something that you see on TV, someone you watch on YouTube. You can do it. Be patient. You can do it. And remember, be kind to one another. Thank you so much, everyone. Have a fantastic rest of your week. And don't forget to check out my different channels, social media, so I can continue to help you in your journey to becoming a fluent English speaker. Goodbye.


Hello welcome back to my YouTube channel this is Daniel here I'm today at Ben Gurion Airport in a really cool spotting space that I'd be meaning to come out and check for some time. If you're into airplane spotting I'm here on a Friday which is of course the weekend in Israel and there's about 30 40 people lots of families here binoculars everything coming to spot planes. We found this place using spottersguide.net I'll put a link in the video description if you're into airplane spotting you want to come out here. There is one rule you're not allowed to use scanners but you are able of course to check the airport and departure times from the airport. In the background is runway 26 so we can see departures coming in today over the westernly approach which is typically the approach into Ben Gurion sometimes when the wind changes this way they come in over the West Bank but today we're coming in from this direction and compared to the really quiet times of Corona there's a lot of flight movements today we just saw a ATR operated by Izair Lan from Ramon Airport in Elat. We saw an Emirates which only recently started serving Ben Gurion so if you're into plane spotting there's a really interesting mixture of wide body and prop aircraft to see here definitely worth coming out and no hassle so far from airport security it's very coordinated controlled and that's a really good place to spot.