A 23-year-old Bemidji man has died in an ATV crash in rural Itasca County. The Itasca County Sheriff's Office says Kyle Sagadal died after an ATV crash that was reported at 12 a.m. on July 21st. Emergency responders found Sagadal with life-threatening injuries and he was airlifted to North Memorial Hospital where he died. The Sheriff's Department says alcohol appears to be a factor but the investigation into the crash is continuing. Sagadal is a 2013 Bemidji High School graduate where he was a standout student and athlete. Sagadal graduated with honors and served as team captain for the Nordic skiing team and the cross-country team. He was a two-time state qualifier in Nordic skiing and also qualified for state in cross-country. Funeral services are scheduled for Friday, July 27th, at 11 a.m. at St. Philip's Catholic Church in Bemidji. To Lakeland PBS


I apologise for being late to the webinar, I had other obligations including another webinar. Webinars are proliferating in this time of pandemic, but I'm delighted to be here, and today I would like to discuss a topic which is much neglected in psychology that is the topic of narcissistic modification and its relationship to shame. My name is Sam Vaknin, I'm a professor of psychology in Southern Federal University and a professor of finance and psychology in the Outreach programme of CIAPS, Centre for International Advanced and Professional Studies. Why is this relevant? Why should we discuss such an obscure topic like narcissistic modification? And why should we mention shame? It's because the pandemic had rendered all of us, all of us, including the participants in this webinar, helpless, helpless, and many of us, an increasing number, hopeless. We feel insecure. We are in a state of total uncertainty. Not a single dimension or aspect or angle of our existence is certain. We have lost our moorings. We are no longer able to practice our habits and to go to familiar places, so we cannot mitigate this uncertainty and this of course brings on anxiety and then we cannot mitigate and ameliorate anxiety. All this put together leads to identity disturbance and identity diffusion because what is our identity? What is our identity? Our identity is our habits, the familiar faces around us, the familiar places we go to, the structure of our day, our rituals, our goals which we can accomplish because we are self-efficacious. If all of this is taken away from us simultaneously by external forces, some of them human, some of them not human, if we are at the same time under a life threat, literal life threat and if every wonder, every person in our lives and every place and even every object carries death with it, is a potential courier and messenger of death and extinction, this is a situation which I am hard pressed to recall in recent memory and so we tend to develop reactions to such situations and these are typically borderline reactions. The patient with borderline personality disorder, this is her daily life, this is how she experiences existence, this is her being, the way I have just described, we are all forced to become in a way, we are all forced to experience the borderline's existence and this leads to narcissistic modification. Before I go there, I would like to discuss Shane and more specifically Lydia Rangelovska's view of Shane. Lydia Rangelovska advanced the idea that some children are subjected to abuse in dysfunctional families, they are objectified, they are humanized, their boundaries are breached, they are parentified, their growth is stunted, et cetera, et cetera, so they have arrested development and these children develop intense feelings of shame and self-perception of inadequacy. They turn out to be codependence or narcissists owing to their genetic makeup and innate character. About a decade ago, Lydia Rangelovska suggested that children who turned out to be codependence as adults are resilient while the more fragile children become narcissists and those who fail to become narcissists according to growth time become borderlines. So there is a kind of spectrum of resiliency. How we face childhood trauma and childhood abuse is by developing these solutions as codependence if we are innately strong and resilient or as narcissists and borderlines if we decompensate, disintegrate and so on. We are seeing this entire range, this entire gamut and panoply of reactions to the pandemic today. There are three waves of mental illness which follow every external shock of the magnitude of this pandemic. The first wave is mood disorders, depression, et cetera. The second wave is personality disorders and the third wave is a wave of psychotic disorders. As Lydia Rangelovska observes, shame motivates normal people and those suffering with cluster B personality disorders differently. Normal people react to shame differently to narcissists and borderlines.  Owing to the disparate functionality and psychodynamics of the true and false selves the ways that shame affects behavior and manifests in both populations differ. As the number of people with personality disorders coupled with mood disorders increases following the pandemic we should pay attention to these issues because how these people express shame, how they experience guilt and so on is very very different to adult healthy so-called normal population. Additionally, according to Rangelovska pervasive constant shame fosters anxiety and even fear of phobias. This can have either an inhibitory effect or on the contrary a disinhibitoring function. It can motivate to action.  Narcissists compensate by developing a need to be... sorry, codependents compensate by developing a need to be needed. Narcissists develop a need to deny their neediness. The true self involves an accurate reality testing with minimal and marginal cognitive deficits as well as the capacity to empathize on all levels including and especially the emotional level. People whose true self is intact which is a majority of a population luckily for us people who are mature people whose true self is operational and functional they are capable of relating to other people deeply for example by loving them their sense of self-worth is stable and grounded in a true and tested assessment of who they are what the world is and what makes people tick. Empathy. Maintaining a distinction between what we really are and what we dream of becoming knowing our limits, our advantages, our faults our shortcomings, our limitations and having a sense of realistic accomplishments in our life all these are of paramount importance in the establishment and maintenance of our self-esteem sense of self-worth and self-confidence stable sense of self-worth. The problem with narcissists and borderlines is that the sense of self-worth is fluctuating, labile and needs to be regulated from the outside.  The solution is usually easy and at hand reverse the situation, apologize make amends, remedy things in contrast the false self leads to false assumptions to a contorted personal narrative to fantastic grandiose world view and inflated sense of being reality testing is totally impaired with a false self the false self is rarely grounded in real accomplishments in real marriage, the narcissist's feeling of entitlement is all pervasive, it's demanding, it's aggressive it easily deteriorates into an open verbal psychological and physical abuse of others reactance, defiance and finally antisocial behaviors when the patient with the false self feels shame it is because his grandiosity the fantastic narrative that underpins his false self is challenged usually but not necessarily publicly so shame and humiliation have to do in narcissism with self-perception shame and humiliation in healthy and normal people has to do with other people there is no easy solution to such a predicament, the situation cannot be reversed if the person has a false self in the case of narcissism psychological damage is done and done there is no way to undo it the patient urgently needs to reassert his grandiosity by devaluing or even destroying the frustrating threatening object the source of his misery another option is to reframe the situation by delusionally ignoring it or recasting it in new terms these are all dysfunctional coping strategies so while shame motivates normal people healthy people to conduct themselves pro-socially and realistically shame pushes the disordered patient in the exact opposite direction it pushes him towards antisocial and delusional reactions this is very important as the numbers of narcissists and psychopaths or people with narcissistic defenses people who had gone through trauma people who had suffered complex post-traumatic stress disorder like all of us in this pandemic tend to develop narcissistic and psychopathic reactions traits and behaviors it's temporary in most cases but it's going to be there we are going to encounter a tsunami of narcissism and psychopathy following this pandemic when it comes to empathy the normal person empathizes with others the disordered patient empathizes with himself but empathy and shame have little to do with the person with whom we empathize they may simply be the result of conditioning and socialization in other words when we hurt someone we don't experience perhaps his or her pain we experience our pain hurting somebody hurts us the action of pain is provoked in us by our own actions we have been taught a learned response to feel pain when we cause pain we attribute feelings, sensations and experiences to the object of our actions it is a psychological defense mechanism of projection unable to conceive of inflicting pain on ourselves we displace the source it is the others pain that we are feeling we keep telling ourselves, not our own but the narcissist doesn't have all these apparatus he doesn't have empathy he doesn't have an internal world, everything is imported from the outside and his self is not constellated he has a false self which is a piece of fiction a concoction additionally we have been taught to feel responsible for our fellow beings and to develop guilt and shame when we fail to do so so we also experience pain whenever another person claims to be anguished we feel guilty owing to his or her condition we feel somehow responsible, accountable even if we had nothing to do with the whole affair we feel ashamed that we haven't been able to end another person's agony and all this is missing in narcissism the foundation of shame and emotions such as remorse, regret assuming responsibility auto-plastic defences all this is missing, it's an emptied hollowed out human being and this kind of person experience something called modification let us consider modification in extreme post-traumatic disorders of the self and its orderly formation and the example I am going to use is narcissism narcissistic modification early childhood events of modification are crucial in teaching the baby to distinguish between the external and the internal to establish ego boundaries to recognize his limitations to delay gratification and to select among options it is through pain, the pain of modification the pain of denial that we become we individuate and separate through opposition, through denial of course it is possible to be overtaken by multiple modifications internal and external, we call these traumas and we can be so overwhelmed that we will repress these traumas we will dissociate and repression and dissociation will have become indispensable as well as compensatory cognitive deficits omnipotent or omniscient grandiosity entitlement, invincibility, paranoid projection per secretary delusions, all these are forms of cognitive deficits which are intended to compensate for too many traumas for too much trauma in early childhood and we have these cognitive deficits and we couple them with dissociation and repression to slice off the trauma and to not be in touch with the trauma and with the emotions attended on the trauma so in a healthy baby, many traumas modifications help the baby to separate and to individuate when the traumas are when there are too many traumas, when they are too intense they overwhelm the child to develop dysfunctional responses such as dissociation and cognitive deficits Bergler and Maldonado remind us that pathological secondary narcissism is a reaction to the loss of infantile omnipotent delusions and of a good and meaningful object associated in the child's mind with ideals and this loss threatens continuity stability, coherence and well-being narcissistic modification is not the same as healthy modification developmental modification narcissistic modification is the intense fear associated with narcissistic injury and humiliation, the shocking reaction when individuals face the discrepancy between an endorsed or ideal view of the self and a drastically contrasting realization and this is actually Zygmunt Freud quoted by Roninstam in 2013 Rothstein added narcissistic modification is the fear of falling short of ideals with a loss of perfection and the accompanying humiliation and this fear extends to intimacy in interpersonal relationships as Fiskalini told us, it extends to unrealized or forbidden wishes and related defenses or as Kogut so aptly summarized it as usually does fear associated with rejection, isolation loss of contact with reality loss of admiration, equilibrium and important objects when you lose all this at once it creates narcissistic modification Kernberg augmented this list by adding fear of dependency and destroying the relationship with others, fear of retaliation of one's own aggression and destructiveness and of course fear of death in this sense all of humanity right now is undergoing narcissistic dysfunctional modification the kind of modification that leads to mental illness narcissistic modification is therefore a sudden sense sudden sense of defeat sudden sense of loss of control over internal or external objects or realities caused by an aggressive person or an aggressive virus or a compulsive trait or a compulsive behavior all these can produce modification modification produces disorientation produces terror, terror is distinct from anticipatory fear produces a damning up of narcissistic ego libido or what is called destudo motido Eidelberg pointed this out in 1957 and 1959 the entire personality in modification entire personality is overwhelmed by impotent ineluctability in the lack of alternatives inability to force objects to conform or to rely on the good will of objects modification reflects the activity of infantile strategies of coping with frustration with repression and one such strategy is grandiosity and there are attendant defense mechanisms for example splitting denial, magical thinking and modification happens when all these fail in other words, modification follows the stage of decompensation and in some ways it's a form of acting out only it's not acting out it's more like acting in in adulthood a self-inflicted self-inflicted internal modification usually founded on these distortions of reality compensates for an external modification and disguises it and vice versa an internal modification such as an auto-plastic defense it is all my fault I made it happen such an internal modification it was a grandiose illusion of control over an external modification while a post-secretary delusion an external modification replaces an internal modification I have evil and hateful thoughts towards people is an example of an internal modification so just to clarify when someone experiences an external modification when he is subjected totally, capriciously and arbitrarily to some threat affiliation to some life menace when someone faces this that is external modification but one way to compensate for this is to convert it into an internal modification I made it happen it's all my fault it's my choice the other way is when you have an internal modification via some internal process a compulsion an obsession, fear something internal it's modification but you compensate for it by blaming other people for what had happened this had happened to me because of the virus because of the government because of other people because of medical doctors because of a vaccine it's an example of externalizing an internal modification but the only true solution to a modification is the regaining of control and even then it is only partial as control had already been already clearly been lost at some point and this cataclysm can never be forgotten or forgiven or effectively dealt with the need to reframe narcissistic modification is because as an extreme and intolerably painful form of shame induced traumatic depressive anxiety it is, it threatens the integrity of the self it follows a sudden awareness of one's limitations and defects and mortality I'm referring you to Lansky 2000 in Libby 2006 when people are faced with their own helpless, hopeless unlovable, badness, worthlessness mortality, vulnerability weakness, shortcomings they are modified and modified people experience shock, exposure and this humiliation often converted to somatic symptoms it feels like annihilation like disintegration and imagine this is what all of humanity is going through right now we have never had in some ways such a laboratory experiment ever this is the greatest psychological test ever to have been conducted Harvich in 1989 described modification as a virtually intolerable experience of fear, pride or dread related to a sense of overwhelmed helplessness reminiscent of the overwhelmed helplessness of infancy annihilation anxiety fear of the disintegration of the self or of identity says Libby Libby postulates that narcissistic modification is a sudden loss of the psychic sense of self which occurs simultaneously with a perception that the tie to a self-object is threatened co-hooded in 1971 if the grandiosity of the narcissistic self has been insufficiently modified then the adult ego will tend to vacillate between an irrational overestimation of the self and feelings of inferiority and will react with narcissistic modification to the thwarting of ambitions object relations theories concurred beyonds, nameless dread Winnicott's original agonies of the collapse of childish consciousness as it evolves and matures into an adults these are all different names for modification this may have to do with a lack of evocative constancy the capacity to maintain positively toned images of self and others with which to dispel feelings of self-doubt Adler and Bouyer 1979 self-reflexivity the ability to oscillate easily among varying perspectives of the self Libby 2006 self-reflexivity crucially relies on the smooth operation of evocative constancy Bach 1978 Brucek 1982 Libby describes two strategies that narcissists use to restore a modicum of cohesiveness to the self the deflated narcissists debases the self and inflates or idealizes the object in order to re-acquire the object so what happens is the narcissists is modified by some external object for example he's humiliated or he's challenged or is undermined or is mocked and ridiculed and derided this causes modification so the deflated narcissists will debase himself and will idealize and put on a pedestal the object that had caused him the modification and he would do that in order to re-acquire this object it can include for example behaviors such as atonement, aggrandizement of the object self-punishment, self-flagellation they are designed to appease the object to hold on to self-objects Anna Freud presaged this with her concept of altruistic surrender, self-sacrificial and therefore self-disparaging altruism another strategy has to do with a different type of narcissists, the inflated narcissists the inflated narcissists are revenge seekers they seek to debase the object the object caused the modification humiliated them, mocked them, ridiculed them disrespected them, they want to debase the object they want to attack the other in order to aggrandize and re-stabilize the self there's always a winner, there's always a loser such narcissists fight fire with fire take an eye for an eye and write the scales of justice there are only winners and losers and they must be the winners shamers are also adept at short-circuiting the plunge into modification altogether preemptively expelling impending feelings of shame and defectiveness by humiliating the other whichever route is taken the individual cannot recover from modification until a tolerable familiar self-state is re-acquired either by re-establishing the other as an approving object or by destroying the other temporarily and permanently and so in this pandemic we have experienced two things we have experienced modification when everything was taken away from us our freedoms, familiar objects, familiar faces family, the comfort of health everything was taken away from us then some of it was given back to us and again taken away from us so there was the modification in the case of the pandemic was coupled with intermittent reinforcement it's the worst conceivable combination it drives people to temporary insanity they decompensate, they act out, they become defiant they are underlined, they are dysregulated emotionally dysregulated, they must become leper we see this pandemic secondary, mental health pandemic on us, mental illness is on its way and it will dwarf the virus dwarf the virus, right now 40% of adults in the United States report severe symptoms of major depressive episodes and anxiety disorders and that's only the beginning we haven't seen yet the signs of personality disorders treatment should focus on converting modification to shame which includes the capacity to tolerate it and to use shame as a signal both defensive styles require the inflated and the deflated require continued dependence on self-objects must be mounted again and again tolerating bearable shame and isolation and self-tolerance possible ultimately leading to a psychic separation and to self-reliance this is the way forward outside out of this mental illness crisis we need to humble ourselves we need to get rid of our grandiosity and narcissism and entitlement and defiance and antisocial behaviors and connect we aided and abetted by modern technologies we have been atomized and separated and we don't communicate and interact anymore except via digital means which are not good substitutes we need to restore that which had existed decades ago, centuries ago a sense of community, social networking and a spirit of the work of Sapolsky if we don't do this if we fail in acquiring humility, profound real humility not pseudo humility not pseudo modesty, false modesty, but real if we don't accept that we are limited beings with limited capacities an integral part of much bigger things if we don't truly assimilate this insight and render it an engine engine of renewal within social networks, communities we are doomed and we are doomed not only as individuals we are doomed as a species we have this perception that we are immune immune to extinction where did we get this notion? Species which have been far more successful than our species like the dinosaurs occupied every ecological niche they vanished they vanished when they were confronted with a natural threat we are confronted with a natural threat now I'm not saying this pandemic will kill the majority of humanity it will not of course but there are many ways to maim and disable humanity you can kill the physical body but you can also destroy the mind I'm worried about the effects of this pandemic on the minds much more than I'm worried about the bodies and we are not prepared, we are as unprepared to cope with the forthcoming pandemic of mental illness as we were unprepared to cope with the onslaught of this virus thank you


horse with a speed of light, a cloud of dust in the heart of Ohio Silver, the lone ranger. Whenever men gathered around the campfires in the early days of the western United States, stories were told of the masked ride of the planes, and these stories have come down to us through the generations. No one could match his strength and courage, his daring or resourcefulness. Nowhere in the pages of history can one find a greater champion of justice. Men with us now are those thrilling days when the West was young, from out of the past come the thundering hoofbeaks of the Great Horse Silver, the Lone Ranger rides again. Hello! The Lone Ranger and Tonto were riding toward the town of Reed's Ferry, when suddenly the masked man's great white stallion reared high. Steady, old fella, steady there. What's the trouble? There's Snake. What? You see him? Right, I'll get him. You hit him! That fixes him, old fella. Nice shooting, stranger. Get up here. Hello! Seeing you coming and seeing that mask you're wearing. Oh, fellow. I decided to be safer to pull up behind them trees till you got by. You thought I was an outlaw, huh? Sure, I knew it the second I seen you. Then why show yourself?  When I seen how neat you plugged that rattler, I figured maybe you was just the kind of fella I've been looking for. How's the engine? You pretty good with the shooting iron? He is? Why? How about the two of you like to make yourself some cash? Working for me? What kind of work?  I might be. Nice, heavy. Kind of careful, ain't you?  But you don't have to worry about me none. As long as you can shoot like you just showed me, I ain't going to ask no questions. But I am. I still want to know what you'd expect us to do. Well, maybe if you knew who I was, you wouldn't be so curious. All right. Who are you? My handle's Jorgen. Ever hear of me before? I have. There ain't many that haven't heard of me, I reckon. What do you hear? And you've set yourself up as top man in this part of the country. Uh-huh. Anything else? But that you ran into somebody who doesn't scare. Yeah? Who's that? Bart Fraser. For a stranger, you seem to know quite a lot. I made it my business to find out certain facts. I see. What do you have in mind? Hiring out to whichever one of us would pay your best wages? What do you think? I ain't interested in guessing. If that's what you were planning, maybe I'd better give you a tip. Yes? Don't make the mistake of joining up with the losing side. Bart's as good as licked right now. Won't be long till he'll have to clear out. And you'll take over his range, huh? Sure. What I started to say was that when Bart does have to clear out, it's going to be mighty hot for anybody that's sided with him. But he proves too much for you to handle? He won't. You've got a sizable crew. He did have, you mean. But he ain't no more. When Bart come down sick, they kind of lost their nerve. Bart's ill, you say? I thought you knew what was going on here. I heard the talk when we rode through here a month ago, but this must have happened since then. I did.  Reckon his boys figured there weren't no use in fighting for somebody that wasn't able to fight for himself. So they left him, huh? Some just up and quit. And some I hired away. Now what do you think? You still figured there's any chance of me losing? I do. Huh? How do you figure that? We'll let you find out for yourself. But I just... You see, Jorgen, you made two mistakes. Huh? In the first place, Tando and I are not outlaws. Your mask? For reasons of my own. And in the second place, we wouldn't fight for you because we're on Bart's side. Who are you? Help me, Ralph. You was just pumping me for information. Right. You'll be sorry for this, stranger. We'll take our chances. It don't pay to cross me. And I won't be long till you're finding it out. I said on your way. You ain't giving me orders. No. Maybe this'll convince you. Oh, shoot. I'm going. Get it back. Come on. Get up, boy. Get up, boy. Him. Him change mine heap fast. The worst part of it is that there's plenty of truth in what he told us. He's got better than an even chance to drive Bart out of the district. Me not know you on Pellar's side? On Bart's? Huh? To tell the truth, Kimosabe, this is the first I knew it myself. Oh. Come. We're paying a call. Come on, silver. Hurry, old man. Bart Fraser, although on the road to recovery, was too weak for anything but the easiest work. After his evening meal, he left the table and sank into his favorite chair with relief. Oh, gosh, honey. I'm just plum-tired out. You've been trying to do too much before you're well again, Bart. You should take it easier. Here. Let me put this pillow behind your back. There. Thank you. Well, I don't know who'll do the work around here if I don't. If it can't be done, it can't be, that's all. Just let it go. You know what that means? I know. I might just as well admit I'm beat. Don't think that way, Bart. The minute you do, then you are beat. Don't know what good thinking any other way would do me. Can't never tell. If I still had a crew, I'd show Joggin a few things. Dog gone at May the more I think of how them yellow pole cats quit just because I was alien. The matter I get was just the chance Joggin was waiting for. But what can he do? I've got a good idea. What? Go after that herd of shorthorns I bought. He knows they're purebreds, and he knows I paid out more to get him than I could afford. Now, Bart, you're just imagining things. He couldn't steal them. Why, he'd be jailed. Who said anything about stealing them? Of course, he couldn't take them for himself. But he could fix it so as I'd lose him, couldn't he? Oh. Why, just by scattering them through the hills. That's how. I'd be lucky to get half of them back, even with a full crew to hunt them out. I know it, and he knows it, and I'd be willing to bet plenty that's just what he's figuring on. But they're guarded. Who by? You said you hired a cowboy the other day. Oh, him. He's just a kid. If my crew hadn't quit, I'd never hired him. Don't know what use he'd be in a fight. Things do look bad. If I'd only had a son to back me up. Bart, please. Well, I can't help feeling that way, can I? I know that you've talked about it so much. You've made poor Betty feel she weren't wanted. I think that's why she went visiting this last time. Where'd she go? I told you. To Kate Bells at Riverdale. Do we should try to be nicer to her? She's done everything she knew how to please you. Why, she can ride and rope, and she can shoot better than most cowboys. And she learned just because she thought it would help to make up to you for her not being a boy. If the time yet, as though you didn't know she was alive. That ain't so. It is, Bart. You just don't realize it. You talk like I didn't have no use for my own daughter. Bart, I know you love her. It's just... Oh, I don't know how to explain it. Well... You get impatient with her.  Well, how could she help feeling bad? She tell you these things? Of course not. But her mother knows what her daughter's thinking. Well, if she was anxious to please me, why didn't she stay home till things got better? Instead of traipsing over to Kate's. If you didn't want her to go, you should have told her so. Hmm. When's she coming home? Been gone a week. I don't suppose she'll stay much longer. You heard from her yet? No, but she'll ride pretty soon. Well, I reckon I better turn you in. Got plenty to do tomorrow. Got the pump to fix and... Who's that? Can I hear somebody ride up? Good luck. Well, who could... Come in! You! Don't be alarmed. I'm not an outlaw. You're one of Jorgen's men. I'm not, but I've talked to Jorgen, and that's why I'm here. What do you want? Jorgen said your crew would quit you, that you were alone. I just about am. But what's it to you? Just about. Then you have got someone working for you. A kid that I'd heard on my short horns, if you call that help. I see. You ain't told me what you're after. I came to tell you not to give up yet. I know Jorgen wants to drive you out of the district, but don't leave. I never intended to. Good. But why are you saying that? Tonto and I'll do all we can to help you. Tonto. An Indian friend of mine. But who are you? Maybe you've heard of me, and maybe you haven't. You have? Well, this should answer your question. What is it? I'll see you again. Oh, wait. Well, I never. May, what was that he dropped on the table? A bullet. A bullet of silver. Huh? Look, it is silver. Silver! Silver! Silver! You hear that? He called his horse silver. May, can't you guess who that hombre was? Oh, the Lone Ranger. Leaving Bart's ranch house, the Lone Ranger and Tonto rode to the valley where Bart's herd of short horns were being grazed. They spoke to the young cowboy who was guarding the herd, and then made camp a short distance away. We're at a disadvantage, Tonto. There's nothing we can do until Jorgen makes his move. That's right. But I'm convinced this is a danger point. If Bart loses those short horns, he's beaten. I understand he not only sold most of his other cattle to get them, but mortgaged his property as well. Hmm. There's something that's been bothering me. What that? Did you notice anything strange about that cowboy we spoke to? Him just boy. There was something else. Mino Savi. Well, never mind. I may be wrong. The idea I had seems impossible and probably is. Anyhow, just now, we've got other things to worry about. One of us must keep an eye on Jorgen and we can't let him catch us unguarded. Me too, that. Will you? Good. And I'll divide my time between watching the herd and Bart's home. Just possible that Jorgen will strike there although I doubt it. If Jorgen's to be beaten, we can't miss a trick. The following day, Sheriff Miller rode from town to Bart's ranch. Bart was just leaving the house as the sheriff rained up. Whoa, whoa, boy, whoa. Afternoon, Bart. Well, howdy, Sheriff. What brings you out this way? Well, a couple of things, Bart. Where's your wife? Inside. Step in. Thanks. Here's the sheriff's, see ya, May.  Howdy, Sheriff. Nothing for you to worry about, ma'am. Here's a letter for you. Postmaster mentioned it, and as long as I was coming to see Bart anyhow, I thought it might as well bring it along. Oh, that was kind of ya. Will you excuse me while I read it? Sure. You was coming to see me anyhow, you said? Yes, Bart. Jorgen was into my office. He told me something I thought I better ask you about. Yeah? He said you'd hired a couple of crooks to work for ya. That, that did it. Mm-hmm. Said one of them was masked, and the other was a red skin. Nothing in it, is there? Jorgen hired him. Huh? But they ain't crooks. Then what did he... You'd never guess who the masked fella was in a million years. No. The low-ranger. Oh, you're local. Nope. I seen one of the several bullets that fella shoots. Heard what he called his horse, too. I didn't see who was with him, but if you say it was a red skin, then it just fits in with what he told me. Well, I'll be dog-gone. So you can just go back and tell Jorgen he's up again more than you figured out. Bart, I'll do that. And just between the two of us. Yes. If you ever get anything on, Jorgen, so as I can jail the coyote, just you let me know. It'll be a pleasure. I'll do that same. Well, good day. Good day. Good day, ma'am. Good day. So who's the letter from? Tame from Betty, is it? Well, honey, who's alien?  Bart, this letter is from Kate Bell. Yes. She wants to know if Betty can visit her. She wants to know if... You know, that's silly. You've read it wrong. Betty is visiting her. Read it yourself, Bart. That's just what she says. But I don't say that. Bart, it means Betty ain't there. It means she never has been there. But me, I... Bart, what's become of her? The curtain falls on the first act of our Lone Ranger story. Before the next exciting scenes, please permit us to pause for just a few moments. Now to continue our story. At Jorgans Ranch, his man had assembled in the bunkhouse to receive their orders. I wonder what he's been on his time. Finally, Jorgans himself entered. What's up? That's what I came to tell you. I want you all to listen close. Because this is important. Are we listening? First off, I reckon you all know why I hired you. There's going to be a fight? I don't think so. But I've got a job for you. And it's just possible there might be. Well, in case there is, don't forget you're all drawn fighting wages. Sure. What's the job? Well, you're going to drive them purebred cows of Frazier's into the hills. That sounds easy. Maybe it is, and maybe it ain't. Anyhow, I want a good job done. Don't just scatter them and let it go at that. Keep after them till they spread so many different ways they can never be found. Well, ain't you going along? I am. I can't be with you all at once. How about the law? Any risk there? There ain't. That's why I chose to do it. The sheriff's already been to Bart's place once, and he ain't likely to ride that way again. Bart himself ain't likely to be on hand. The only witness there'll be is that young cowboy he hired. Don't worry. We'll handle the kid. Well, there's just one way to handle him. How's that? See that he can never talk. What? Drill him? Just sell. Oh, now look, boss. Well, if we just scattered the herd, then the law'd never be able to prove any more in the stampede that happened by itself. But if there's a killin' atop it, then it'll point straight to you. What of it? Well... Let the law suspicion I'm behind it. Let anybody that wants to suspicion the same. But as long as it can't be proved on me, suspicions don't scare me enough. Well, if you don't care, I reckon we don't. How about it, fellas? All right with me. And there's nothing more needs to be said. Saddle up. We start in ridin' right now. An hour later, when the masked man rode into camp, he found Toto waiting for him. Oh, oh, that's over. Well, what is it, Toto? What brought you back here? Jordan Pellar's ride. Yes? And stampede herd. When? Keep soon. They're on the way now? Uh-huh. Now, though, this is worse than I'd expected. What matter? Remember talking about the young cowboy Bart Hyatt? Uh-huh. That cowboy is Betty Fraser. Oh. We talked to her, I was puzzled. Then I didn't know why. Now I know it was because, in spite of her disguise, she didn't handle herself as a man would. And that heaps strange. Not so strange when you know the facts, Kimosabe. Bart was always disappointed because he had a daughter instead of a son. But he knowing this taught herself all the accomplishments a boy would have mastered. She can shoot, and ride, and rope. Mmm. When her father's crew quit him, she told her parents she was leaving to visit a friend. Instead, she disguised herself and returned. Her heap brave. She's taking this way to prove to Bart that she can help him as much as a son would have done. Ah. This means that she's still a man. How you know this? Betty told her parents she was visiting a girl named Kate Bell. Today, a letter was received which proved she'd never gone there. Then it came to me what was strange about that cowboy. What we do? You're riding to town. At once. Yes, Count. Get the sheriff on a posse. Bring them as quickly as you can. How to do it? And in the meantime, I'll do what I can to help save the herd. Get going. Get him up, Count.  Come on, silver. Come on, silver. Come on, silver. Come on, silver. Come on, silver. Jorg and his men reached the herd before the Lone Ranger, Anne. There they are. Just waiting for it. When we get through, there'll be Coleman short horns out of the hills for 10 years to come. Keep your eyes peeled for that cowboy. Anybody see him? I'll be second. The other guy, too. Where? Look over to your right. There he is. They're seeing us, too. He's high tailing for them rocks. He's hitting for cover. There they are. for cover and they look at him get off his horse and he's got his rifle with him to bother with the herds you get him that's the first thing to be done hey that will come so close I got here at whiz by that's some shooting but John we've got a hunt for cover ourselves horse we're just giving them for the good targets to shoot right now find covered fireback get that on break unaware that it was a girl not a man who was firing accurately Jorgans men sought cover and returned her fire first I left her unharmed they could only be a matter of moments before one of their bullets found this mark suddenly a great white horse broke from cover one side of the valley and raced on the rocks where Betty Fraser was hidden there's that mask man bring him down firing up to your guns riding like the wind the great horse silver race within gunshot of the desperate outlaws but his blinding speed made him a phantom figure a difficult target and always the lone ranger urged him on on the mask man I talked to before keep on the cover come to help me I did Betty but I don't waste time denying who you are just listen to what I have to say wait you can't remain here there's too many of them and our ammunition is limited until they finish us off first so they'll not have witnesses you yes we won't take your horse we'll ride double on silver I double then we'd never get away we don't want to I don't understand I've said a friend of mine for the law but it'll be an hour before can reach here in the meantime we've got to keep Jorgan after us but we'll ride just fast enough to stay out of gun shot but slowly enough so they'll think they still have a chance to catch us can't be done here don't argue just get in that set with you tell you follow it all right silver come on come on Jorgans all the lone ranger and Betty right away as if to escape and making a break for the head of the valley get your horses after them they've got to be killer we're done for come on Jorgans men were certain that in time the white stallion bearing a double burden must weaken in fact the great horse slowed its pace several times as all in distress going down again this time we'll catch up sure get up to get up again and take close enough for shooting yet don't fire like tell you just keep moving get up there get up there what's the matter they're picking up speed I thought they was gone is for sure stop they can't always stay ahead use your whips don't let down from time to time Betty turn in the saddle to watch the pursuit we're ending this race just ahead you mean we're giving up look behind us again but this time look past those fellows look come on till the come on I saw them five minutes ago there's a paint horse in the lead fellows it's a law that's why you're sick back to the valley right they've got to hold their attention until the law can close in and pulling up by those trees get behind cover and start firing oh oh there's a little bit of a little bit oh down will you fire over their heads keep firing but don't give them a chance to see what's happening until it's too late jargon panically urged his man to advance on foot come on close in on them we wait they'll be gone again not me we've picked them off me need it the pools have been doped look back up what's that the law we've got a crew out of here we can't there ain't no place to go the mask falls ahead of us the laws behind we're cut off what do we do fight it out man thank you and I'm gonna yell a coyote you blasted quitters why don't you fight that's we ain't gonna change I don't fall it out with you find anybody to back me I've waited a long time for something to happen that give me reason to arrest you jargon but oregano won't have to wait no longer I would have come this is what I've been waiting for too round up the rest of the skunks deputy sure here comes the mask man and that cowboy of mine hi there oh oh there's no way no one will ask you fellas we almost caught you you never had a chance jargon we could about distance you at any time we kept you following because we knew what was on its way that's a lie yeah well jargon any time you plan to race the lone ranger just let me know the lone ranger that's where I heard of a horse called silver before and we never guessed it and we was tricked in fine style hey young fella yeah you done your share I reckon you got a bonus coming and a job with me as long as you like how's that thanks pa huh meet your daughter buddy take off that hat there well I'll be hog tied jargon you'll hang as high as a kite it was a girl you was trying to kill I never knew how could I listen I reckon you'd hang anyhow but this will just make it more certain oh and I'll listen to get going wait I don't there's a rope waiting for you to stretch it and talk won't save you now he's the one who did it he hired pa yeah uh are you still sorry I'm not a boy Betty I've said a lot of foolish things in the past and I reckon I'll say a heap more before I cash in but that won't be one of them and let me tell you something young yes don't never forget to thank your lucky stars the mask man was around oh I couldn't and as long as you live don't try a stunt like this again or you have just heard as a copyrighted feature of the lone ranger Incorporated


In today's Cobb highlight, we introduce the FK8 Civic Type-R short and tall weighted Cobb shift knobs. The Civic Type-R is notorious for having one of the best functioning and most satisfying manual transmissions available on a modern car, but that doesn't mean it can't get even better. Both versions of the weighted Cobb knob for the FK8 will improve your shifting experience in a handful of ways. Starting with a noticeable increase in heft. Thanks to the custom machine stainless steel core, the short weighted Cobb knob tips the scales at 264 grams, which is a bump of 85 grams over the factory knob. That's more than a 40% increase, and the tall weighted Cobb knob adds even more mass at 332 grams. That's not far from double the original weight. With either option, you'll feel an instant improvement in those bolt action style shifts when driving at the limit, but they also make casual shifts in traffic even more effortless. Yet, as fun as shifting your own gears can be, sometimes it can feel like playing a game of hot potato. Luckily, the steel core of the Cobb knob lives inside of a perfectly machined house of Delrin. Delrin is smooth to the touch, but most importantly, has mild reactions to extreme temperatures. So whether it's a hot summer day or a freezing winter morning, you don't have to torture yourself every time you drive your car. The other more obvious difference is the shape of the weighted Cobb knobs. If you love the spherical design of the factory shift knob, then the short weighted Cobb knob offers the same comfortable feel with all the functional upgrades that I just mentioned. But if extra size is what you crave, the tall weighted Cobb knob adds height with an extended taper design that's ideal for larger hands, or simply for a different feel compared to stock. Lastly, what fun are modifications if they don't add style? The Cobb knob comes in the choice of white or black Delrin, and a pair of red and black anodized aluminum trim rings with the Cobb logo etched on the side are included with either knob choice. The trim rings use a provided O-ring to sit securely on the bottom, while allowing you to easily swap them in a matter of seconds to suit your mood. The excellent manual transmission is one of the most fun parts of owning a type of. So upgrading the shift knob is one of the easiest, cheapest and most enjoyable mods that you can make at any point in the car's life.


I'm not entirely sure what time it is right now, but the sun's about to come up I left this morning at The last time I looked at the clock it was like 4 30 I left 15 minutes after that so quarter to five four 45 and I'm driving to town to pick up Pick up some packages and stuff as I do every month or two Today since I left in the dark this is gonna be the biggest test of the new batteries I put in the boat Definitely the biggest test I've done so far so right now. I'm getting zero energy out of the solar panel. I Won't get anything until You know the Sun gets above the horizon and I've been driving for maybe an hour and a half just on batteries and We've been pretty close to halfway to town So yeah, I'm basically driving halfway there just on batteries Even when the Sun pops up. I'm still not gonna be getting that much energy for a while so most of the trip to town is gonna be just on the batteries and I Have two 24 volt 100 amp hour lithium-iron phosphate batteries are made by Red Odo Red Odo and I've been super impressed with these things. They've been they've been really really good and You know, I've been driving for an hour and a half just on batteries Zero problems, and I just checked the voltage It's at 26.5 volts Which is good. I still have lots of energy in them. I'm not driving full speed But I'm driving. I'm probably driving 75% of my top speed And yeah, everything's going great. Oh, I should also mention a few people have asked me about lithium-iron phosphate battery recommendations and So I guess I could highly recommend the batteries that I have in here the red Odo ones So the other day I signed up for their affiliate program, which means I can get you Like a coupon or something. I don't know. I'll put a link down here in the description For anyone who's any of the people who've been asking me or anyone who's just interested in lithium-iron phosphate Batteries that are pretty awesome. Man, it's incredible how much energy these things have in them So like 50 pounds each like I have a total of a hundred pounds of batteries in the boat And I could drive for hours on it. So crazy Anyway, yeah, I'll put a link down here. I think I think I got a link for a coupon or something whatever it is I'll put it down here So yeah, now I'm just Just driving This morning with a totally clear sky. It's still pretty clear now. There's a bit of clouds coming up over there, but Oh, I can still see a star I don't know if you can see it, but the stars this morning were amazing Yeah, I could see like everything I would have got it on camera, but man cameras just can't do stars justice You know, I've seen Starry nights in magazines before and it's just not the same as being there So if you're shooting stars and satellites and stuff, it was a really clear night All right, I guess I guess I'm just gonna keep driving.  It's because this is a cargo boat, right? so this is like the cargo area up here in the front and My chair is way back there and my nice comfy chair. Oh man. Those chairs are awesome but When there's no cargo in the boat like right now what I got like an empty wheelbarrow and my my anchor and a paddle Like there's basically no weight in the front of the boat, you know the boat Tips up so the front is a lot higher than the back because all the weights in the back We're the motor and the batteries and the solar panel this whole roof is toward the back of the boat So like all the weights in the back of the boat right now So my boat's kind of going like this. That's an exaggeration But like the front is up and the back is down so I'm kind of plowing through the water So if I stand up here at the front of the boat, it levels me out a little more and I can Run a little more efficient go a bit faster But to actually get the boat level down I have to put about a ton of weight up on the front here So I'm I'm halfway to town right now I pretty much exactly Checking my charge controller here The batteries have been holding steady at 26 and a half volts like the whole time I don't know what they were like right when I started but The first time I checked it. It was 26 and a half volts and it's been holding steady on that the whole time Right now the Sun just came up So I'm gonna have to check When I get back home since I don't have a watch or anything What what the exact time of sunrise is because I left at about 445 and Halfway to town is sunrise I see how the first sliver of the Sun Just as I grabbed the camera So yeah, just popping up now. I should start getting some energy from the solar panels now and It's not gonna be up. It's not gonna be much at first, but I'll slowly get more energy as I go and I've been running my motor at about half speed. Oh Well, no not half speed half power and the way boats work if you if you run your Motor at like half power. You're still going like 75% speed roughly But I think I'll be able to speed up a little As I start getting some Sun. I can also tilt the solar panels up aim toward the Sun Hopefully the Sun doesn't go behind those clouds over there Either way, I'm pretty sure I could make it the rest of the way at this speed on these batteries No problem. I Could probably drive all the way there and back Crazy how much energy these things have I'm so impressed. You know what I've what I've been sitting here thinking about is Like these batteries are so good. It makes me want to build something That I've had designed in my head for a while. I just Haven't done it partly. I mean there are a lot of reasons, but one of the big reasons is just the power source that this thing would need and The thing is is basically an Iron Man suit, you know Like a like an exoskeleton without you know the flying and all the magical blasts and all that stuff Just like a suit I can put on and like triple my strength, you know When I first designed this thing Like I don't know 30 years ago or whatever Just the battery limitations kind of made it like wow I mean that would be cool But I wouldn't be able to run it very very long or it have to have it plugged in or something But with with how good these lithium iron phosphate batteries are Like I could I could put a couple lithium batteries in And run that thing at a at a useful Like for a useful amount of time, you know Like make it would it would be super useful to have a suit I could put on Walk out into the jungle and pick up an Amount of wood that I could not normally carry and carry that back to the boat That would be super useful or even like, you know moving rocks and stuff like that that would be great and Yeah, I'm starting to think I might want to I might want to build that because it would be it would be a super fun thing to build But also super useful if I can if I can do a good job making one All right, what's this thing? Oh, it says I'm getting 0.1 amps from the solar panels now So I mean that's almost nothing but I'm starting to get some energy from the Sun So that means for the last two hours. I've been going solely on these ridoto batteries and Super impressed man 26 and a half volts still all right Shopping paddle Keep driving. Oh Yes, dear bit because it puts the Sun a little bit more to the side Hit these solar panels About 10 minutes from where I'm going and And what a beautiful trip this is bit So good I Didn't speed up to full speed Because I'm getting a bunch of signs on the solar panels now Peek at the batteries Not even warm the beauty. That's great And I presume the one under there is the same let him charge and They might even be able to get it back up to full charge before So in the boat here, I just picked up six more of those ridoto batteries Only two of these are for me. The other four are for a neighbor and Ridoto did Originally send me one of these for free You know to show on my YouTube channel and since then I I bought three more and Between my neighbors. I think they've bought eight Something like that So I think I think they've made a good Profit off the one they gave to me already Anyway, the reason I got two more is because the price went down on And yeah, if anyone if anyone's interested in lithium-iron phosphate batteries and totally recommend those like I said, I have a link I Think I have a link to a coupon that I'll put down here whatever whatever have I'll put the link down here Oh and when I got back in the boat I Checked the charge controller and no energy was going into the battery, which means it was full So the battery charge just in that was at three hours that I was in town so Yeah, you know, I thought I was given these batteries of workout by by coming to town halfway in the dark but They're handling it like it's a piece of cake Probably because it's a beautiful day and it's real sunny. So I've got lots of solar power But man, just those those batteries are really awesome And to be honest, I'm not actually entirely sure what I'm gonna do with my two new batteries I got them because they were on sale I know I can use them for something So I'll have to think of something good I did consider putting two more batteries in this boat, but I don't think it needs it Like this is the farthest trip I do and I don't need the batteries for it. I did half of it in the dark Anyway I don't know I'll have to come up with something cool to do with them. Oh giant robots Now what am I gonna do with a pair of these awesome batteries man? Who I don't know yet. I also got some Lego some 3d printer juice You know 3d printer juice Radio control thing and some other radio control parts and a game of go and then this


All right. Good morning, cyber traders. Welcome back on this lovely Tuesday. Has everybody doing cyber traders? Good morning. Good to see you all. Good to see everybody on YouTube Yesterday was Monday and you know, we don't know coming back from weekend. It's not always the craziest days But we did have a couple of good stocks that did make some good moves. We had this AMC. We had the BCDA We had the Ruby that thing was unbelievable. We had a couple of good stocks. It was quite shocking So we'll talk about we'll talk a little about it, but let me just get right to the point.  It's at 41 today tomorrow. I'll sell it. Okay. Go do you doing in a day and whatever and you came up next morning like? Now it's like 40. Okay Why is it going down? Well, if you were a day trader You probably would see the writing on the wall because it kept dumping it and then you wake up the next day Like, okay tomorrow is definitely it because it's closing at 30. Well, guess what? You just woke up at $6. Okay So who said trading is not dangerous? All right So that's why you can't put all your eggs in one basket and that's why you gotta be very careful You have to understand how to play the game people say day trading is more risky No swing trading is more risky because you know what people thought there's a great company great stock You know what didn't work too well by the way If my mind is correct, I don't know what this company does I'm gonna find out but from the sound of it Apartment investments. Is that's is that right everybody? Is that is that basically looking at apartment investment and management? Is that what this company does? Because if that's what I think that this company is I Don't know where we were not shortening it earlier because see what's going on with everything that's going on here in New York City They said New York City Real estate is at the lowest since 9-11. Okay, and now These politicians are having this conversation because we're so in debt and oh they're moving like crazy Everyone's out of here and not even that but the banks the people that this is the financial capital world the banks now What they're doing here is they're talking about they have to raise taxes on the wealthy because they don't have any more You know, they need the money, you know, because we're in so in debt with COVID everything else I could tell you this a lot of people. It's the 750,000 people just moved out of Manhattan already So you can imagine it's only gonna get worse, you know So somebody's getting something's gonna have to give plus with technology working from home. It's just awesome You know, some people don't realize it, but you might take a pay cut But you actually make more money working from home, you know, I'm like because I have to pay for travel Food launch everything. It's just better, you know, and I think that's that's probably the bad thing That's gonna come out what's going on with COVID not just, you know, obviously the virus everything But it really made us learn how to change the way we think there's gonna be some big changes going on Anyway, couple news columns looks like peel off some of the business created to public companies There's a lot of stocks out there already estimate that's what trust is one one tick pony Rented rent the state inflation. I would stay far far away from that, you know far away from that But you know what I was just in Manhattan just about a week ago and they're building the west side I mean, they're still building his great apartment complex. So I mean, I guess they're already have the money already there But but anyway, let's get back to trading anyway You got to remember and I say this all the time Catastrophes unfortunately make opportunities. Okay. I remember Hurricane Sandy and some of you if you don't live here in New York You probably heard about because it closed down in New York City for a very long time. There was this one area around here It's called Long Beach. They were on the 15 feet of water and everyone's like, I'm not going back there ridiculous You could have bought a piece of property for $50,000 today. It's worth about a half a million. Okay? It's just that's what ends up happening You know, you got to look at it as traders obviously people in real estate real estate real estate Let's just say location location location. Well in trading, you know what I'm time to keep an eye on this IV I'm seeing a little bit of a bounce. So that one is definitely on our watch list But there are a couple of stocks I want to talk about yesterday. We're bringing up some of the stocks that we traded The BCDA was just an animal yesterday. Look at the long-term chart stock went from $3 to $7 yesterday And she was just an awesome awesome stock. A lot of us did really well on let me bring a chart right here You can see a little bit longer on that chart that one did well AMC. I traded that yesterday I don't know what happened. It would talk about, you know, a hostile takeover and the stock got hammered It went from 410 all the way to three bucks What was nice about this trade and you guys remember this it was like a 400,000 iceberg order at $3. I lost money on this trade But I bought it back and then I lost money again. I sold it I had the stock all the way when it did that little shake right around 350 Then I got around like 340 then I bought it back at 320 and then I bought it And then I said, you know what I just kept doubling down, you know and and tripling down I says, you know, it's gonna bounce eventually you saw it happening and then sure enough I did really well on the bounce I ended up paying more for it was a fun stock to trade I did really well with the AMC. So that one did really well Ruby was also I mean this thing was just ridiculous this thing just ran from like $7 all the way to 14 The only bad thing about it. It was you know, it was like a level 4 a category 4 stock It was really really volatile big spread pretty dangerous and you could see exactly what happened from 14 All the way back down to 8 so we saw these stocks get halted and was just it was just all over the place We're gonna do some shopping right now and check out a couple of more stocks a couple of good ones I want to keep on our watch list. I want to start off with the a list before we go to the B list So I'm gonna keep an eye on the stock. Listen, I'm a I'm a fan of bottom fishing. Okay? Bottom fishing basically means when stock at hammered like this go from 40 down to $6 These are things that I kind of look at someone to keep a close eye on something like this You might get these people averaged down whatever it is doesn't mean it's a long-term effect I want to keep a close eye on that and everybody remembers this one. This one was like off the charge, right? This name was ridiculous this stock ran from like $20 all the way to about a hundred and sixty in one day One day come believe it But it was a short squeeze It was a short squeeze and you could see it went right back down the 40 bucks But anyway, she started creep up a little bit there. She is a category five stock So you got to be advanced you got to be a little bit of an advanced trade You could see it's already trading with like an 80 cent spray. Okay, so and everyone's got to your size of a hundred So unless you want any advanced traders here at Cybertrain University, you might want to stay away from it But I'm gonna keep an eye on this one. This looks like a fun one We have B er you is another one that's moving pretty nicely that this has been fun for a while for a couple of days So you can see we're from three to four then we're from five to seven and then it went us up to up to 12 If you look over the course of the day though, she seems like she's just kind of gapping up Go check your journals remember where this is one of the biggest things we teach you at Cybertrain University You have to learn and write good journals down And because you're gonna trade these stocks again and you want to remember did you make money? Did you lose money was the stock too volatile? Did they do some nasty shakes? Did they do some holes, you know all these things being a trader is the same thing like I talk about being a doctor You know one of the doctors that you know what they always say I'm always we do own practicing medicine What does that really mean because they're always practicing? Okay, even the guy's been there for 20 years any doctors out there. You know what I mean Oh these practicing medicine because you learn every day traders were always practicing We're always learning something new and the only you learn is from your mistakes All right, so that one what we're gonna keep an eye on that one, too And also this one's gapped up pretty nicely this OCX got a nice spread You could trade a lot of shares and I've really seen too much algorithms going on level three right here But and she is kind of a little bit all over the place Let me just change his charts you say so you can see a little bit better But she's kind of gapped up. She's starting to make a little bit of lower lows I want to see how she trades going into the open now We got the B list don't discourage the B list because sometimes we always see it pop up I'm seeing the stock PR VL. It's about 85% right away without even looking at it and look at the chart I could assume it's a buyout. So I'm gonna scratch this boy out I always like to show you that because some people like oh look the stock is up so much Why is it up usually it's a buyout makes resistance levels? Okay, because we don't teach resistance Okay, we teach you buyers and sellers Resistances are made from sellers if you don't know how to find a seller then you don't know how to trade resistance Okay, just please keep that in mind and people keep looking at that. They're like, oh, what's the resistance? The resistance means nothing to me. What I'm looking for is the sellers Okay, always remember that then you could say oh then that's a resistance. You're doing it backwards BTW and another one kind of flat not really moving too much But she's up 23 percent 3.5 million shares already trading pre-market not seeing too many iceberg orders on the right So that's why I threw it on a b-list. But like I said, we always see these things They might jump out of nowhere and just go and become you know from a b-list or a c-list to an a-list AV XL another stock trending down down 15% 2.4 million shares traded Not really any big iceberg orders out there Decent spread are probably given a category two or three as of right now Penny stock though Mmm Pied me throw it on the c-list. I'll be honest with you throw on a c-list All right, that's basically looking at a couple of things out there Neil says nvax is supposed to have the next vaccine available after Johnson and Johnson and Vax It's not really going anywhere. I knew nvax was a fun stock that we traded Neil But you could see it. I don't know rumors really not out there I think everyone came out with that was coming out with their vaccine I know they're talking a lot about it right now MRNA Listen buy-in rumor sell on news. Okay, that really comes down to it until these companies actually report earnings Then, you know, then we'll go from there, but we know they had the vaccine MRNA was a phenomenal run-up Even in november was 70 dollars. Look at the thing right a hundred bucks So, you know, it's a gamble, you know people like look at it where okay, which one's got the better or the more popular one Do we saw what happened fyser? You know, so anyway people are starting to take it I would be a little concerned because we don't know what the with the not only the long-term effect is But I don't know if you guys ever took the flu shot. You might see some side effects coming in now Now it's because we fast-tracked it, you know, we'll see how it works out So we got to keep it. We have to see what's going on with that. I know. Yes was another one And you know, listen good example stock was All the way up to 35 dollars. Boom. The thing just tanked All right guys listen the market's going to be open up for 15 minutes I want you guys get ready so you can fill up your coffees at the rest room So we get ready to go if you're watching this on youtube facebook live Or you're watching this recording remember just look on the bottom click us like us You could always do a trial for nine dollars and join the trading room for a week and see what it's all about And see if it's for you So you can get you could sit there and join us and enjoy it for a whole day all day long And then also don't forget cyber traders today traders talk Josh is going to be doing at 11 o'clock. So Tuesdays always our most popular event here at the cyber group Everyone should be done by then and they'll see you back here at 2 30. Good. Look everyone. Happy trading and be safe


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Γεια σας! Ευχαριστώ για την παρακολουθή σας! My name is Giorgio Cetidis, I am a PhD candidate at the University of Ioannina and in this talk I will present graphical tools for visualizing the results of network meta-analysis of multi-component interventions. The outline of this presentation is the following. Firstly, I will make a brief overview of network meta-analysis and I will present the objectives of this work. Secondly, I will introduce the viscom arc parkas and present the motivational example which will be used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed visualization tools. Then I will guide you through them and I will close by presenting the conclusions of this work. Network meta-analysis is an established statistical method for synthesizing evidence from studies that compare multiple interventions. Networks usually include interventions that consist of multiple and possible iterative components such as the characteristics of the intervention, the mode of delivery if it is delivered face-to-face or remotely, individually or in groups, the type of provider, the location etc. These interventions are referred in the literature as multi-component or complex. When they are present, the interest usually lies on the identification of the best component. The network meta-analysis identifies the best interventions in terms of efficacy and as a result we can identify the most efficacious combination of components. In practice, we may observe components that appear in the most efficacious interventions but also in the least efficacious interventions. In such cases, it is hard to conclude about the efficacy of the other line components. Also, in practice it is likely to have a sparse network with many nodes and few head-to-head studies. In such networks, nodes are usually formed by studies involving these nodes and not by indirect evidence. Therefore, it is quite likely to have network meta-analysis estimates that are mainly driven by the study estimates and torsos that are confounded by the study characteristics. These issues may challenge the transitivity assumption. To identify the most promising components, the component meta-analysis is commonly used. However, component meta-analysis assumes transitivity for the component's effects in multi-component interventions. This is a strong assumption and sometimes is hard to defend. It is even harder when the network is sparse and this is because the summary estimates of meta-analysis are mainly informed by direct evidence and are prone to confounding. The objective of this work was to develop novel ways of identifying the most promising components and exploring their behavior. This was done by associating the presence or the absence of components with efficacy or effectiveness. The implementation of the proposed tools can be performed through the R-Packets viscom. Viscom is a friendly user R-Packets offering a powerful toolkit on exploring the behavior of the components in a network meta-analysis of multi-component interventions. It was recently published on C-RAN and it is also available on GitHub. The input that is required in order to use the packets is a network meta-analysis model as obtained from the R-Packets net method. Viscom can be used only in connected networks than the group multi-component interventions. Also, the reference groups will be defined in the network meta-analysis model as it is required from the majority of the functions. The packets by default uses the random effects network meta-analysis model and the network meta-analysis delta effect estimates. In total, eight functions are included in the package, which is the COM desk for component descriptions analysis, the COM graph for the components network graph, LOCOS for the living one-component combination outscout plot, the WATER COM for the waterfall plot, the HEAT COM for the components heat plot, the SPEC for the specific component combination violent plot, the DENSE COM for the components density plot, and the RANKY PLOT for the components ranky plot. To demonstrate the uses of the packets functions, we will use as an example a network that evaluates self-mask interventions on reducing the body mass index. Interventions are masked, as this result will be submitted soon to a medical journal and cannot be revealed beforehand. The network includes in total 135 studies, 56 nodes and 11 components. As you can see from the network plot, most comparisons involve node A, which is a control group and it will be used as a reference in the network analysis model. Also, in the network there are many nodes, many comparisons, but few heat-to-heat studies. Therefore, the assumptions of network network meta-analysis and component network meta-analysis will be challenged due to the sparsity of the network. Exploring the geometry of the network is essential, especially when you are dealing with large networks with complex structures. Component descriptive analysis can assist in achieving this goal. Through them, facts and conducts we can perform a descriptive analysis regarding the frequency of the components and identify the most frequent component combinations. The only input that it is required from the function is a network meta-analysis model, which is denoted by the argument model. The rest arguments refer to the operator symbol between components. If the heat matrix could be plotted, the hugus for the percentages is then the fraction values and the number of digits. As an output, the function returns three objects, the cross-tables, the frequency table and the heat matrix. The first object is a cross-table, which describes the number of studies where the corresponding component combination was observed. The second object is a table that displays the component's frequency and provides information concerning the number of studies in which the underlying component is included in all arms, in at least one arm and not included in any arm. The third object is the heat matrix, which is a color visualization of the cross-table. Diagonal elements refer to components and in parenthesis the proportion of the study arms that include the underlying component is presented. Of diagonal elements, refer to the combination of components and in parenthesis the proportion of the study arms with both components out of those study arms that include the component in the row is presented. For example, the element that corresponds to column E and row A indicates that 42 study arms include these components, but also that component E was always included in the interventions that include component H. To identify more easily the most frequent combinations, the table is colored based on the relative frequencies. The more it turns the color, the larger the percentage in the parenthesis. Therefore, dark red colors indicate large percentages. From the figure we can see that the most dark red colors were observed in the column E. This indicates that the component E was almost always part of the intervention. By stating the argument percentage equal to false, the heat matrix displays fraction of numbers instead of percentages. Another tool for exploring the network geometry is the component's network graph, which visualizes the frequency of component's combinations and identifies the most frequent. It can be constructed by using the function from graph, which by default plots the five most common combinations. The nodes here represent the individual components found in the network, while the edges represent the combination of components. Each edge's color represents one of the unique combinations of components found in the network. Also, the thickness is proportional to the number of arms in which the corresponding combination was observed. In this example, the component's network graph indicates that the most frequent component is the component A, followed by the combination between E and C. Note also that components A and D were not combined with any other component, as expected, since they refer to control groups. The two control groups can be excluded through the argument EXEL. Also, the component's network graph is adjusted to display the six most frequent component combinations by stating accordingly the argument must F. The leaving one component combination outscatter plot can be used to explore whether the inclusion or exclusion of a set of components has a positive or negative impact on the outcome. Also, it can be used to evaluate visually the activity assumption and it can be constructed by using the function Locos. The function by default uses the relative effect to estimates and visualizes the set of interventions that differ by one component. Dots close to the line of equality signify no impact on the outcome. Dots above this line indicate that the enemy effect estimates are larger when the component is not included in the intervention. Therefore, for beneficial outcomes in which small values are considered as bad values, dots above the line indicate that the inclusion of a component hampers the intervention effect, while dots below this line signify a component that decreases efficacy. The opposite holds for harmful outcomes. Another feature of the scatter plot is that we can visually evaluate the activity assumption. Additivity implies that the inclusion or exclusion of a component has the same impact on interventions that differ by one specific component. This is expressed in the scatter plot by a line parallel to the line of equality. By properly setting the argument combination, we can define the component of interest. For example, by setting the argument combination equal to C, we can visualize the set of interventions that differ by the component C. Here, most dots are below the line of equality, indicating that the inclusion of component C hampers the intervention effect. Also, we do not observe any line parallel to the line of equality, indicating that the additivity assumption in the CNA model may not hold. The histogram in the axis describes the distribution of the dots. The color of the histogram can be changed through the argument histogram color. Also, by setting the argument histogram equal to false, histograms are not displayed. The function can be easily extended to component combinations through the argument combination. If, for example, we are interested in the combination between components B and C, we can visualize the set of interventions that differ by these components by setting the argument combination equal to B plus C. It should be noted that the spacing among the components does not affect the results of this comb. If, for example, we delete the space after the separator symbol, the results will be the same. Lastly, we can use z values instead of relative effects. By setting the argument z value equal to true, an alternative to the live one component combination out scatter plot is a waterfall plot which evaluates also whether the inclusion of a set of components has a positive or negative impact on the outcome. The waterfall plot can be constructed through the function watercomb. The function by default uses relative effect estimates and visualizes the set of interventions that differ by one component. By setting the argument combination equal to C, we visualize all the set of interventions that differ by the component C. In this example, which is considered as a harmful outcome, bars above zero indicate that the inclusion of components C in hamper's efficacy while below zero that increases efficacy. From the plot, we see that most bars are above zero, indicating that the inclusion of components C may reduce the intervention efficacy. The function can be easily extended to components combinations through the argument combination. If, for example, we are interested in the combination between components B and C, we can visualize the set of interventions that differ by these components by setting the argument combination equal to B plus C. Lastly, we can use z values instead of relative effects by setting the argument z value equal to true. Components he plot visualizes the efficacy of the two-by-two component combinations and it can be constructed through the function hit-com. Each element summarizes the enemy estimate where the corresponding component combination was observed. As a summary measure, the media nor the mean can be used. The number of nodes that include the corresponding component combination is also provided in the parentheses of itself. Letter x is used to highlight any combination of components, but are not observed in the network. To identify more easily the most promising components, each element was colored according to the magnitude of its effect. Green color is used to reflect an effect estimate on the desired direction, while red color is used to reflect an effect estimate on the opposite direction. The outcome scenario, harmful or beneficial, is obtained from the network analysis model. The ascertainty around the estimates is also reflected by the size of the gray boxes. The smaller the box, the more confident we are about to find. By setting the argument media equal to false, the mean is used as a summary measure instead of the media. Also, by setting the argument z value equal to true, z values are used instead of relative effects. Lastly, the number of nodes that is displayed in the parentheses of each element can be excluded by setting the argument 3 equal to false. Similar to the component's heat plot, is a specific component combination violin plot, which also visualizes the efficacy of the components. It produces violins based on the interventions and includes the component combination of interest, and also it can be extended to the number of components. The violin plots can be easily constructed by using the function spec. The function by default visualizes the distribution of the relative effects for each component. Through the function combination, we can define the combination of interest. If, for example, we are interested in the components b, e, and the combination between them, by setting the argument appropriately, we obtain three violins. One for the interventions that include component b, one for the component e, and one for the interventions that include both components. Note also that the size of the dots, in the case where relative effects are used, is by default proportional to the precision of the estimate. Function can be easily adjusted to component's numbers by setting the argument component's numbers equal to true. The violins now are constructed based on the number of components that are included in the interventions. Therefore, we can explore if the number of components affect the intervention's efficacy. The number of components can be also grouped by using the argument group. Here, we have grouped the violins based on the interventions that include one component, one to three components, four to five components, and six or more components. The violins can be easily adjusted to display z-values instead of relative effects by setting the argument z-value equals true. Another way to visualize the efficacy of the components is by using density plots. Component's density plots can be easily constructed through the function density. The function requires to define the component of interest. Let us assume that component B is the component of interest. By setting the argument combination equals to B, the function produces two density plots. One, based on the interventions that include component B, and the other, based on the interventions that do not include component B. The function can be easily extended to component's combination by setting properly the argument combination. Here, we have constructed a density plot for the combination between components C, B, and I. The argument combination includes more than one element. The number of densities is equal with the length of the argument. And each density is based on the intervention that includes the relative component combination. For example, here the argument combination includes three elements. Therefore, three densities will be displayed based on the interventions that include components E and B, component E, and component C. Also, by setting the argument by only equal to true, the densities are visualized through the violins. Lastly, we can use z values instead of relative effects. By setting the argument z value equal to true. In the case where multiple outcomes are included in our analysis, we can identify the best component by using the component's ranking plot. We can easily construct it through the function ranking plot. Here, we have constructed the ranking plot based on three different outcomes. The high density lipoprotein cholesterol, the waist size, and the body mass index. The function requires as input a list that contains analysis models. In the ranking plot, each sector summarizes the pitch scores from the interventions that include the corresponding components. The calculation of the pitch scores is based on the outcome nature, beneficial or harmful, which is defined in the network analysis model. Also, to identify more easily the best components, the sectors are colored according to the ranking. Dark green color is used to reflect percentages close to 100, while dark red colors are used for percentages close to 0. As a summary measure, the median is used by default, but it can also be adjusted to use the mean instead. To conclude, these comps should be used when multi-component interventions are present in the network. The highlight of the package is that it offers a friendly user toolkit in order to explore the geometry of the network and the component's behavior. Also, it can provide viable insight on identifying the most promising components and it should be used in order to strengthen the network meta-analysis and component network meta-analysis. So, that's it. Thank you for your attention. I'm happy to answer any questions or comments and of course any ideas or suggestions are model welcome. Bye-bye.