Great. So in this session, this is a joint session between the climate finance team and the adaptation technologies team, in which we are exploring technologies to help us mobilize more funds for adaptation and increase the role of the private sector. One of the objectives that we are looking towards achieving from this session is how can technologies support us to build better accountability and transparency of climate finance that will better enable adaptation action at the frontline. This is how we are going to run the agenda. It's workshop mode. We hope to hear a lot from the participants, but we'll have three Ignite speeches that will speak to technology approaches and Chris is going to speak to that. But please, after the Ignite speeches, we hope to go into breakout groups for 30 minutes where we will tap into your experience and wisdom to contribute to this session. And finally, we'll come back to the plenary group and report back, but also speak to the key messages that we want to put out to the world as a community of practice after this session. So over to you, Chris, to tell us more about the objectives and the next session. Chris. Good morning, everyone. And thank you. Can we have the last slide? So we still got there we are. So I'm Chris Henderson. I am the head of agriculture and practical action. A lot of our work is related to adaptation and farming that works for smallholder farmers. The two years ago, adaptation technology was picked up by the CBA as one of the means of implementation of climate action. And we've been exploring it and it's been really interesting and really successful. I think there's almost no debate that it's a given adaptation technology works. It's a given that we need more finance. These are givens, but the problem we end up with is that we have projects working probably and in those projects you've got an island of excellence, but it's in a sea of chaos. So the challenge for CBA 14 in the adaptation technology theme is how can we bring about systemic change? How can we move these islands of excellence into change at scale, adaptation at scale in countries which are being impacted by climate change so that it works for everybody and it works for community based adaptation. So that's the challenge of the adaptation technology theme. The challenge in this session is, so we have these givens. We know we need to address the adaptation financing gap that's known, it's been talked about for a long time. We know that technology is worth, but how can we sort of tap this now to identify the barriers to the uptake of adaptation technologies and promote investment and innovation through with our help as practitioners and find these solutions. So that is it. How can we mobilize funds for adaptation and increase the role of the private sector and bring about change at scale? So throughout this session, let us remember that and when we have our breakout groups and when we have our reporting back and when we have our discussion and think of our action points, we're thinking about this objective. So thank you. With that let's have a quick look at who's going to present in the next 15 minutes. That's the next slide. So we have three exciting presentations. We've got one which I think is really exciting, a fail forward experience, learning from failure. It's talked about so little there's a great experience from Vietnam that we can learn from about how maybe we can develop the business case for public money using technology and using that as a pull. The second one is turning more to what private investors might do. Small holder farmers are themselves private investors. Agriculture is a private sector. Maria's going to talk about that and then Matthew will pull it together looking at the potential of digital and mobile applications with examples for CBA and will challenge us about how innovative we can be in bringing forward solutions that work and finance and investment that works. I'm going to hand over to Nya and then Susan will complete facilitating this. Thank you. Nya. Thanks Chris. Good afternoon from Vietnam. So I am Nya and I'm currently leading strategic partnerships at Care International in Vietnam. So my pleasure today to share with you our fail forward experience with Aloe weather. What I am sharing might be helpful for those who are developing business cases or business model to scale adaptation technologies specifically climate information services. Next please. So Aloe weather is an initiative that aims to develop a fee for service model where poor farmers will pay for weather forecast and advisories through interactive SMS and voice messages. The forecast and advisories are supposed to be locally relevant, accessible and actionable and based on the success of a number of climate information service projects that care implemented in Vietnam we had very bold ambition that Aloe weather would do development differently. We would be able to expand our impact, our reach and support a lot of poor rural farmers. But the critical question is that whether it is viable to turn a strong development project into a business model. How about we taking it into account all factors to make it work? Next please. Next please. Yes and you know we had one year from August 2018 to September 2019 to explore tests and validate Aloe weather model. We aim to reach 4,000 farmers in one province first before expanding to other locations. But the pilot was not successful as we had anticipated and this is because first when we move away from paper base and traditional channels to disseminate climate information to SMS and voice messages the cost skyrocketed. Our initial promise was around 18 cents per message but the actual final cost was 95 cents per message. Second our customers who are mainly ethnic minority smallholder farmers are not willing to pay. They are only able to pay around 20 to 40 cents per message and this is less than half of the actual cost. And third even people's unwillingness to pay and the complexity of the business model would involve so many stakeholders we could not scale our work. Why we initially target 4,000 farmers only 1,700 people participated. Fourth as we transmitted the advisories in SMS format the content did not appear to be legible for end user because the SMS message lacks the tones that we often have in the Vietnamese language. And last but not least we didn't see the interest from any private sector to invest in the model. We actually had to pay quite high fee for a mobile network operator to transmit the advisory and they said that the project is too small scale it is not commercially viable to invest in. Next please. So yeah so this so the fundamental question is that what should be the best financing model to scale up climate information services or to support adaptation technologies and obviously from the the Vietnam context and and the context of Arab weather we see that the funding from NGO is not enough. We would need public funding to help to scale up this good work or a PPP a public private partnership model might be an option as the private company would need the support from the government to share the risk when they make investment in this area. In other context it could be yeah private funding alone there is no one-side fiscal solution for this and you need to work in advance how you define the best financing model for your program or project forward. Again what is the best financing model for climate information technology. I would like to open that question for for the discussion in the breakout group so thank you. Thank you Nya that was brilliant. I mean it is great isn't it moving the sort of theory into practice and discovering what needs to be done and clearly there is a case for strategic investment but it probably has to be from public funding. Let's move to the next Ignite presentation so Maria it's over to you. Thank you Chris welcome to everyone thank you for joining us it's good morning from Zimbabwe good evening good afternoon to everyone. I just want to start off by giving you a bit of a background and this will be facilitated by that rhetorical question how can you use the sun to turn a dry westland into a rich greenland. When I had a conversation with a group of farmers you're seeing there their answer was that it takes a lot of hard work passion for the land and of course leaning on the indigenous knowledge systems and the technologies which have been passed on from generation to generation to the current crop of farmers but that used to be okay in the past before the advent of the climate change and its impacts so the farmers used to rely also from a bit of help from the rain itself but due to the climate change now the areas you can see there in the left hand corner there that's a group of farmers Nomsa and a group of farmers and the community they used to be a westland but then we came in working with the communities and other strategic partners practical action then came in with solar irrigation solar power deregulation next slide please so we've had a bit of experience over the years on solar power deregulation and the question now is how can we use that solar powered irrigation to leverage private sector investment in climate change adaptation so that small order farmers and remote communities can benefit the lady are seeing there is Irene she's among the other group of farmers in the communities where we work these are areas which are dry natural and they are also very remote from city centers so from the geographic location and also the dryness and the hotness and the low rainfall the farmers now are facing major challenges to be productive can we move to the next slide please thank you so basing on the context of each area where we are going in practical action then works with the communities and strategic government and other local leaderships to try and develop technologies which respond to a particular need so at times we come in with standalone solar power deregulations which then transport water from open water sources into an overnight storage unit and then channeled to the areas of cropping then we also have solar farms which also work similarly and in Zimbabwe we are practical action with the partners has come up with one of the largest mini grids in the country a hundred kilowatt mini grid which is offering power to 30 groups of farmers and each group of farmers is comprised of about 30 to 40 individuals and then they are also powering schools clinics hospitals and residential areas so that that is some of the experience we have and it has helped to turn around the bleak areas of non-production and when you're looking at the farm if you look at Nomsa holding a horse by the she says that for us this is a source of livelihood this is life for us in the middle of almost a desert and if you look at Solomon and Edmore there they are also very proud to be part of this and very grateful that this intervention was brought into their area was now they are able to meet food security and also to have alternative sources of income can we move to the next slide please so like I said our practical action is over 20 years of experience in solar power deregulation and the experience has taught us that solar technology does have great potential to turn around areas which have no hope and to bring a lot of hope to the local communities especially those who are marginalized and who are off the national grid in terms of even receiving government you know programs because they are too far placed and also very remote and the technologies in terms of mobile services and social media is also very low so solar technology brings in a lot of potential from various angles for the farmers the farmers themselves they are indeed private sector as well but they lack the resources to invest and to scale up what they are able to do is using the technologies which will be there they are able to repair and maintain these technologies which practical action would have brought in but they don't have the capacity to invest into scaling up so that it goes on beyond the areas so what do we need to do to give investors confidence so that they can also bring in some money to flow towards these solar power deregulation schemes and what else can we do to strengthen the ability of these vulnerable people so that they can use these technologies to cope with hazards disasters and also to achieve food security can you please move to the next slide thank you so that is the question which we hope you'll be able to help us answer when we have the break out sessions what do we need to do to attract more and better private sector investment which is coordinated in a way that even the vulnerable and most marginalized communities can also benefit and also how can we excite and interest private sector to invest in the power of the sun thank you over to you chris thank you very much maria a real and challenging question if we want to move out of these islands of excellence and these projects which are supported perhaps by donor funds but actually make it systemic change we know this technology works but the system hasn't changed yet so that it's available for everybody matt can you give us the a perspective from digital and mobile technologies sure good morning everyone as a quick introduction my name is matt wilson and I lead the research activities for the GSMA's clean tech team um for those of you who aren't familiar with the GSMA we're a global industry organization that works on behalf of over 750 mobile operators and another 400 organizations in the technology sector and as an organization we're really passionate about helping the mobile industry advance the sustainable development goals and finding ways for digital technology to deliver transformational impacts for the people in communities that need it most and in our team's first report if we go to the next slide called digital dividends and natural resource management we looked at over 130 projects from low and middle income countries that are actively deploying digital technology and we found that transformational impact can be achieved when digital technology is used to do or to support three key activities the first being real-time monitoring and data collection the second being data management and analysis and then the third one which i think is most interesting to this group and conversation is engagement with local communities and by that we mean influencing positive behaviors providing communities with the tools they need to actively participate in natural resource management or access information and support um or delivering payments for ecosystem services um and the report also highlights the benefits of working together in partnership so we found that initiatives that are supported by technology organizations such as mobile operators are twice as likely to leverage emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence iot or connected devices and blockchain and a key takeaway for us is that while digital solutions can be cost-effective and effective tools for community engagement many challenges still need to be addressed and this includes community access to technology especially smartphones and community digital skills trust between stakeholders and any risks associated with sharing information for instance possible harm that can come from local community to local community members when they're reporting illegal activities and then also the need to build technical expertise within donor agencies governments non-profit organizations and community organizations so on the next side to give you a bit of flavor on how we're seeing the private sector and technology organizations engaging in this space i've included a bit of information on a few case studies from our report and i'll have to go through these quickly so i would encourage you to look at the report if you want to see more details about these projects but the first one to mention is a project in malaysia and the philippines supported by ericsson called connected main groves and the project is implemented in coastal communities that have traditionally struggled to grow mangrove trees that survived to maturity and the project uses low cost sensors to monitor a wider range of environmental conditions that affects the tree growth and feeds this information right back to community members on a digital dashboard that's accessed on any device that has internet connectivity and the project has seen survival rates increase from 30 percent to 80 percent they've seen biodiversity increase improved livelihoods and the community's really taken ownership of the data collection process on the next slide i highlight the rainforest foundations forest link project and this project trains local community members to monitor the forest using simple memo applications that capture and allow them to report really simply using sms um illegal activities or threats to the forest and those sms alerts are then sent to law enforcement authorities and local governments and NGOs to help inform their response to combat those illegal activities and the rainforest foundation has found that working directly with local communities in this way not only helps reduce monitoring costs and inefficiencies that also improves forest governance on the next slide there's a similar project run by the rainforest foundation in the US that's using blockchain technology to track verify and reward communities for protecting and um regenerating forests so similar to the last project i described community community members patrol a designated area using their traditional methods and investigate deforestation and illegal activities that are reported using the global forest watch system and the community actions are verified using satellite data and then rewards in the form of payments are dispersed into community accounts so on the next slide just to close and again i know that this is sort of a whirlwind tour of three projects but i think it helps helps you understand how technology is being used but to close when thinking about how technology can improve investors and users confidence in data collection and sharing which obviously supports payments these three case studies and the many others that we've explored provide us with three key lessons first is you have to get your incentives right so the right incentives foster conservation mindsets increase community ownership of these projects the second one is that added benefits an additional source of truth can be gained by pairing multiple technologies at once and then the final is that local participation in solution design is really critical so we believe that you need to build data collection and payment tools that leverage local knowledge and approaches and are designed with that end user in mind so just to close our views that and this is one that will be testing this year is if you create conservation mindsets among local communities if you create tools for them to participate effectively in climate action the opportunities for private sector partnerships and more equitable and transparent climate financing will follow so i'll close there and i'm looking forward to discussing this more in the breakout sessions thanks matt thank you very much i mean there's so many things you were saying in there that i think almost worthy of a session in themselves you know talks about how you use this technology to get rewards and financial benefits back to communities for relevant actions that was really exciting i'm the other one about local participation being critical and using these tools i mean i don't think we could agree more but this probably needs unpacking a lot more which means that we're on time now i can hand over to susan who will explain the breakout group some and how we might try and unpack this a little more thank you susan and lin is next slide please susan over to you thank you chris um my network just acted up a little i'm glad i got back just on time okay so um thank you to the ignite speeches that is launching us into the breakout group now we are not taking questions in plenary but i'd like to encourage the the speakers to respond to any questions of clarity in the chat in the chat room at any point like nia has just done so we are going to pray it out into different groups to speak to these questions and you probably already are familiar with these uh lin will will thank you to them we will be setting us up into the different groups you will find both a facilitator and rapporteur so just be comfortable to speak and share experiences on how we can develop technologies no how can development sorry how can technology developers be incentivized to help with community best adaptation and how and we improve the business case for public funds and business models for individuals communities and private sector investors um i think they the ignite speeches have emphasized um findings in the IPCC that these technologies work but we need to scale them up so we we would like you to share your experience and tap into your wisdom so that we can shape the how in um this regard and see what we were exploring um hopefully that's okay and Harrison thank you so much for just put our two questions into the chat so we'll come to those in just a minute um Charlotte i know that you're online and with us i am again apologies if i've got your name wrong please do correct me i'm Charlotte do would you like to maybe introduce yourself and tell us your interest in the in the topic sure um so my name is Charlotte Hicks i work with the unit world conservation monitoring centre um and based in Thailand i have construction outside my house so i apologize in advance for the noise um and i work a lot on ecosystem based adaptation nature based solutions i'm interested in how these can be used together with community based adaptation and and different types of digital technologies uh and whether that opens up new sources of resources or new market opportunities i guess interesting thank you so much and have you welcome have you able to such your um apologies if i pronounce your name incorrectly are you able to switch on your your alarm mute you it'd be lovely to see you um i can't i don't know how to meet you yeah be lovely to hear a little bit about you if you're able to share ianna are you able to introduce yourself hello hi how are you i'm sorry i lost the connection no problem yeah do keep the video off if you've got a poor connection i am tell us um where you're calling us from and um tell us a bit about your interest in the in the topic yeah so i am from the Philippines i am actually from the Philippine Red Cross um i work on a project related to the integration of disaster risk and reduction climate change adaptation in ecosystem based management and restoration so i'm very much interested in the topic on how we can look for other funding opportunities and how we can explore other funding opportunities for us to sustain our different strategies and interventions or measures on climate change disaster risk production measures and also um environment um yeah thank you very much thank you and abu i don't know if you're able to to connect on the audio harrison i know that you're our rapporteur so you're you're sort of taking notes but would you like to introduce yourselves and we'll tell us a little bit about your interest in the topic and do feel free to join the conversation as well um thanks very much Belinda so yeah i do have a passion about how digital technologies can assist with adaptation and working together with nature-based solutions so currently i think i've been working with maria and chris whom you might know from the main session but i'm based here in southern africa zimbabwe in particular and i'm really keen in learning you know about the different innovations that are happening around the world and uh if we can also incorporate that in the work we do thank you fantastic so we've got two questions um which harrison's kindly put into the chat um which i'd love to we we can cover both i mean they're obviously related or we can really focus on one could you tell me which you'd like to focus on so the first one the second one or both maybe put it in the chat if it's quicker so i guess that's harrison charlotte ian and abu if you're able to participate which of the two questions are you most interested in one two or both if you could answer in the chat okay i've just put my answer in the chat great question one and question two okay let's go for both let's let's so let's start with question one number one so i guess it's interesting to draw on the presentations that we've just heard but obviously bring in your own experience so let's start with how can technology developers be incentivized to help with with community-based adaptation what are your thoughts on this or what have you seen work what experience have you got that you can share and that's to anybody on the in the group i mean we currently work with various tech companies and technology developers um and some of them are provided you know they provide support as part of their corporate social responsibility or because they have a certain interest in this i'm thinking of some of the work that google earth engine does for example um but i'm also wondering if the question is partly what's the word i'm looking for here if it should be framed in a slightly different way in that what are we looking for are we looking for tech developers to continue to provide access to certain services um pro bono or are we looking for opportunities to make this more market-based so that you can find tech that meets your needs at an affordable price that it's replicable um that it's uh you go to a tech developer and you're able to get something that fits your needs at a at a cost effective price um yeah that's interesting i wonder if there's a third aspect to the question as well whether the third aspect it is that having a tech developer being involved actually opens up other fine funding opportunities as well so maybe maybe with for some of the really big companies and the big platforms they have their own grant making schemes for example um apply to us and show us a new way of using our platform or our data um i don't know it's it's a bit of an imbalance because you you have the really large-scale big applications um but then often what you might work best in a community is not necessarily some fancy new google earth application but rather something um much more tailored or much smaller or much cheaper to develop and most of when we do things involving technology that we're paying for out of our project budgets or that you know we're not going to the really big developers we're trying to work with local hey we might have lost charlotte i think charlotte that your second point was there that you work with local developers you try and work with local developers not just the big tech players well it is the local um innovators and technology developers so i guess we could be looking at both uh but obviously the the the different you know categories of technology developers might have um different issues affecting them um then maybe my contribution looking at the you know more local technology developers that are not so established or finest like uh google and others maybe governments might consider i'm so sorry my internet connection is being dreadful so harrison i know that you were sharing something but i missed it i'm so sorry i don't know if other people know no problem i don't know what impact my poor connections having on the dialogue i heard it as well um sorry everyone's having technology problems today which is very fitting um yeah i think also we probably should be doing more to support local tech developers like harrison said there's um uh there might be some opportunities there to um improve infrastructure or or to improve their access to to skills or to other to other aspects um i i think whenever we're doing these new um technology platforms or applications it would be great if they were all in country locally led um and it's not always easy um we do stuff that happens at a global scale um like uh un biodiversity labs for example um but i think the emphasis is getting more and more on how can you actually use these at a at a local scale and covid is being forcing us to experiment more with this but it is something that it kind of forced us to do it um we weren't using that much digital technology to try and connect with communities or or local stakeholders before um we're trying to do so now but it's been done in a very ad hoc way um and i i'm i don't know how useful the sort of proliferation of digital platforms has been for local communities in the last six months um how many of them really are getting to access them and use them um it's something that is very present in my world on my desktop a million a million different technologies and platforms and applications i i don't know how present it is for you know our our partners in different countries and this is something i'm curious about as well um we're all talking about how amazing it's been this transition to a remote virtual world but how is it actually working out for um for everyone else yeah absolutely i and i don't know if you have any thoughts or experience in response to that yeah i actually agree with both hers and in charlotte um we have a new technology innovations in this year in how are these technologies and these innovations can be used in remote areas for example um we have um here in the philippines um internet particularly the social in internet particularly social media is being used um to um in different um areas of the philippines in um rural communities as it serves as their um information to get the data on the weather system weather reports or disasters and other news others of course that's that's given in any country but however there are still communities where they cannot access or they don't have access to these kinds of technology so um how can we really um put this into um or provide this to different communities as well so i think that's um that's it and how even if we have this um available funding and local um technology uh developers um we still need to really um have the community community be educated in how to use these technologies because it's advanced really advanced to them yeah sort of reflecting back on on question one before we go and have a look at more question two so there's obviously issues when you know it's not straightforward as finding a technology developer and then then everybody plugs in and everything's a success but at the same time there's something about how do we even incentivize technology technology developers in the first place to help with community based adaptation what do if we were to think about maybe what the you know the incentives are that we've seen work what what are those incentives that help technology developers get involved whether that's local developers or the global players i mean going back to what i was saying before i unless you're looking for a um a sort of um development assistance type thing i think most technology developers are service providers so they get paid to develop tech um i i don't know how often people are working with technology developers who are um who are working in terms of who need to be incentivized i guess that's my question so the question is do they actually need to be incentivized yeah or do you do you just find one and pay pay him or her to do something um uh yeah maybe okay can i come in valenda please do okay um so i think i'm picking up from both um your points um and i guess what i'm understanding is that um whilst we appreciate that large companies already do provide tech as part of their um csr um not many might be doing it you know in the community-based adaptation kind of initiatives so i guess maybe we could help those large tech companies see the potential social impact and value of digital technologies within within adaptation so that would you know help us draw some of that corporate social responsibility towards more community-based adaptation initiatives and then for for the local technology developers while looking at the situation in the in the country i guess for for the smaller guys in the market i guess the issue of uh it's you know being their livelihood is is actually the reality so a lot of tech developers out there are actually looking for opportunities some come knocking on the doors of you know ngo's and cso's and you know offering themselves but you know sometimes you know there's that lack of appreciation maybe in within ngo's in terms of you know uh how they can strike partnerships with these with these local um technology developers so you find that it's not really catered for in their budgets and very few instances where you actually see partnerships you know between the local tech developers and and ngo's and cso's um here in in in the south but yeah i guess yeah i guess this one i can say thank you really interesting thank you so should we look at question two which is how can we improve the business case for public funds and business models for individuals communities and private sector investors what thoughts do you have on that hi and shall i come back to you or anybody who wants to jump in on that how can we say the question number two how can we improve the business case for public funds and business models for individuals communities and private sector investors we're talking about the business case for investing in technology for adaptation yeah so it's about how do we use it's a slightly convoluted question isn't it so how can we improve the business case of public funds and business models for individuals communities and private sector investors yes to invest in technology so i guess yeah this this looks like a question that keeps recurring in most of the sessions and um yeah i i i do admit um we there isn't much you know evidence to show the the potential impact of some of these nature-based solutions and community-based adaptation technologies because you know if it were really clear you know how how improved capacity to monitor natural resources would you know translate or you know generate you know impact on people's lives the environment in the long run i guess if we could consolidate you know some of the little evidence that is there and you know build up on it and you know make it more extensive i guess probably people who have these skills and capacities would really see the value of channeling that into such solutions sorry i was just going to add to that um i mean the evidence base is really important and i think the situation is starting to change there are there are a lot more people working on collecting this evidence base um i mean i think last week there was a review that came out of over 400 different examples of different cases of of nature-based solutions showing how effective they were and so you're starting to see also organizations or countries trying to embed this sort of monitoring and evaluation into their existing M&E frameworks um so as Harrison says the evidence base is really important and it's getting better i think um i think maybe one of the missing pieces is how do you translate that evidence base into the types of questions that a public sector or private sector might be asking in order to make a decision about an investment um so how do you take the evidence base and for something that's often very locally specific um ecosystem specific text specific and how do you turn it into something that speaks to the specifications that they might be thinking about it reminds me there was a case in Germany where they were asking the same sort of theme way public sector agencies investing as much in ecosystem based solutions i think they made a rule that you um they had to consider them so when they were looking at a proposal for infrastructure for example they had to consider the gray option and the green option and they had to use the same sort of specifications for both um and yeah so i think maybe if you can present your your option um using the same sorts of of specifications that they would normally be considering to guide an investment then that might help as well do you think there's a role for technology in helping with that almost that translation and that framing of to match the specification can is there a role or what is the role of technology in that bit from taking that evidence and linking it directly to specification oh i don't know yeah i think i think there's a strong link um there um if you look at technologies like you know gis analytics technology i think the development world can benefit a lot from that in terms of generating the evidence base as well as presenting the evidence to investors and and and policymakers but i really don't know how how we can initially attract you know those kinds of skills into our development work or maybe those kinds of partnerships um because yeah i i do believe technology has a role to play in in strengthening that evidence base as well as communicating the evidence yeah really interesting i think there was some research going on for example on looking at particular ecosystems and how you would translate the thresholds in those ecosystems into engineering language into engineering specs um and and things like that um i mean really old example is economic valuation we've been doing that for a long time translating certain types of costs and benefits into monetary costs and benefits um and like Harrison said using gis spatializing things um so that you are showing the locations and potential impacts within a map against other spatial layers maybe that people are are using really interesting gosh it's yes there's a there's a lot to be talked about um with i am going to come back to you in just a moment sorry i realize that i've not come to you for a little while um we when we go back into the the plenary and we've been asked to provide just a really short report if you like um of a kind of like the two or three key three key things that that can be done in either one or both of those in response to one or both of those questions um who would like to do that you only needs only two minutes Charlotte would you like to do that or should we get Harrison because Harrison I've been taking notes are you still there one of us will have to um just give a feedback of one or two key highlights from our discussions yeah i see she's back welcome back Melinda sorry this never happened whether we get this woman I don't know what's happened um yeah exactly as you say Harrison so if one of you wouldn't mind um it's just two minutes just presenting back you know two or keep two three key insights in response to either one or both questions okay i'm just going to paste our notes in the chat box so you guys can review those and also maybe can help in in preparing for the feedback Harrison if nobody else is putting up their hand are you okay to do that um yeah I can do that that would be fine okay so maybe I can just um um uh do a test run of that and uh you guys can give me your feedback maybe before we go back if there isn't anybody else with an additional point so I guess I guess maybe the main thing that came out of the first question was that we need to appreciate the two different levels of technology developers who might have different needs um but I guess the direct response that was that um either governments or donors might need to chip in for instance in infrastructure that helps local and remote communities uh have better access to to the technologies um I guess that was the key point there um under the second question there's the obvious thing about evidence but I guess importantly how do we since you know things are beginning to change evidence is beginning to show up but we also need to consider how do we translate the evidence base into you know the particular questions that um public or private sector need answered so that they can make investment or policy decisions and maybe colleagues you can chip in if I miss something absolutely sure that looks great so and thank you so much for joining have you got any we've got to get chucked out for seconds any quick other thoughts or questions thank you so much for being part of the conversation I really appreciate it and sorry about the the connectivity issues thanks see you in the other room all right see you great okay we are really fortunate in the sense that in this session um there's only about less than 50 people so we are only six and so we can have a really interactive discussion um first of all I'm proposing we have a quick round of introductions we say who we are where we are what we do but we'll keep it to one minute each um and we've got these two questions uh we'll be I think we have time to look at them both so I'm as I've said I'm Chris Hennison the work of practical action and head of agriculture here I'm supporting projects across Africa Asia and Latin America so I've got my finger in too many pies but it's really exciting I can't say that um Clemens can you introduce yourself of course good morning everyone my name is Clemens I'm a session support you know for this conference based in London thanks Clemens good break out session everyone so she Clemens is helping me by taking notes of this session uh so we can concentrate on what we want to say uh next on my screen is Chikumboso hi good morning from Malawi long way to be specific my name is Chikumboso Clembe I work for the Irish Embassy here in Longway and I'm the resilience advisor uh and and I should say that uh my interest has been on working on uh working with small order farmers build resilience but also uh you know the environment in Malawi is that we have uh high poverty rates and we've been working with social cash transfer beneficiaries to ensure that they graduate and and that they are reliant self-reliant so uh that's my interest and and I'm very happy to join thank you so much super thank you uh we were in Malawi introducing adaptation technology as a concept two years ago in the Longway at the motel Crossroads Motel on the outside of Le Longway and it was a very exciting conference I tell you Ellie you're a great great screen hi everyone um my name is Ellie Blackwood I work um for the state government of Victoria in Australia um in the adaptation policy area there um it's fascinating listening in um and perhaps getting out of my little Victorian bubble and hearing such a broad international perspective on community based adaptation issues the work I do with the state government is um supporting um regional communities um you know and supporting more of a kind of place-based approach to um adaptation so um yeah that's what I do just as a clarification when you say regional communities are you talking Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea or yeah I'm talking about the um the regions regional Australia okay so between Australia it's adaptation within Australia which is very challenging those communities that very interesting Eliza yeah so um good afternoon it's afternoon here in the Philippines I'm Eliza from Philippine Red Cross I was working as Neil and I am but I also doing some volunteer works um advocating in protection and conservation actually we were working right now uh in um in one area uh in terms of protection and conservation of the Mount Sombrano that's one of the um ecotourism area uh here in the Philippines and last but not least uh Miwa is that right what's going on we we are we are sorry we are yes now that not a problem thank you very much and um it's uh morning good morning everyone so we are Mundia from the embass of Ireland in Zambia the program manager overseeing our activities with our partners around climate change nutrition and markets my interest really is around the link between nutrition status and the climate effects and adaptation at the community level so we have several partners that we're supporting to try to mitigate some of those uh impact on nutrition thank you super so um obviously the government of Ireland are quite active here I know they were strong supporters they are strong supporters of CBA which is super and I know they are active in southern Africa so maybe we'll bring some of those examples as well as Philippines and Australia um how can technology developers be incentivized to help with uh CBA I think that that question follows directly on from what Matt was saying well it seems GSMA are incentivized they're looking for business opportunities but what about uh the uh um solar powered irrigation uh you know companies and suppliers and so on when we work to them just to keep the ball rolling here when we work with them in practical action there was and they were really only interested in in farmers that can pay for the solar panels and the water tanks and so on so they ended up being in the high potential areas good rainfall good farms uh they usually had bank accounts and they were usually men so there we were you know the the technology developers were working with the people who can pay for the technology whereas we knew this technology works so well for remote rural communities where majority of the farmers are struggling to be farmers in the first place uh they maybe are mainly women because the men are not there and uh I don't know don't throw that out do you have views or experiences you'd like to share or alternative ones I threw that as as an example but you might have others if you can keep your video and keep it on don't worry about keeping it on and just because that way if your video is on in order to speak you just do that you don't need to look for the hand up button yeah okay Miwa yes uh let me kick start um just to give some examples I think when when you look at uh some of these technologies for example the the solar irrigation the initial capital outline is is quite huge and so for a private company to come in and just pushing their capital there um might be a bit limiting but I'm thinking of our government if you look at at our government there's so much money that is spent on some of the things that that are really not producing better results I'm thinking for example in Zambia we have a huge government program on uh maize subsidy which runs year in year out and and you know if part of that resources it is um tied to uh some of these technologies uh with the farmers I'm sure over a period of time some results will start coming out so maybe we need to do as much as the donors are funding some of these projects um on on technology I think we need to link in the government resources and lobby and push them in um I don't know how we can do it but you influence them to start including some of this technology there's some of the subsidized activity Miwa I I suggest these farm input subsidy programs FISP you know yes and fertilizer subsidies I mean they've been happening for years and years and years but maybe they buy votes I don't know exactly it is a political economy to read but also if that political economy can be used by the for example by us donors to try to show the government that actually you are likely to get more votes if you include for example solar solar irrigation irrigation system in a community and people will be happy and they will have more yields um so so we say well we package it and try to to influence the government for example for a long time uh in Zambia the FISI has been focusing only on maize which is not very nutritious per se oh thank you Miwa are you okay Miya Miya's froze let's pick up someone can someone else come come in uh it's Claude you're a chicken butto you're on meal chicken butto okay can I be here now yes you can be heard now and then we'll come back to Miwa it's just connection picks up okay okay so uh just to pick up from what Miya has just said for me um I'll look at this from several perspectives um technology developers uh and you rightly given an example of solar irrigation solar irrigation as Miya indicated is not cheap so uh I know that there's a challenge because like in the case of Malawi for example you have a majority of the population which is very poor they cannot manage to buy a solar pump but on the other side of the problem is that you have most of the smallholder farmers most of the people most of the rural people uh most of the comedians who cannot afford meals so uh obviously they are first choice of things to I mean the choice of what they want in life is going to be full now to bring in a business sense to the situation where most of the producers is going to be produced is going to be for consumption is a little bit challenging but we we need to build that kind of thinking amongst the communities that even though the primary objective of these technologies in the first place is to provide them with food but in the long run what is what is going to make sense is that this is going to be a business so for me my suggestion is that the first thing is that uh we have to build amongst the communities the sense that when you are for example you have a solar irrigation scheme like what precoaction is is is promoting the long term should be that whatever we get out of this should be marketed as a business so agriculture as a business that's the first thing so that way then then uh uh smallholder communities can then have the appetite to to uptake these technologies and and even other people take them as as technologies that they can use and and and they can demand for them and then pay for them in the very long line so that's the first point the second side of the story or the story is that we know that we we need these technologies like in Malawi we need these technologies like 20 years ago because of the perennial hunger that we've been facing so government incentives are very very important we've had that kind of situation in Malawi uh over the past two years where there's no duty on solar products so farmers can buy or developers can then produce can can easily disseminate these technologies because government is not paying it is not charging them any tax on any of this so that that is a very crucial component I think because once you have removed tax then there will be a lot of interest from the from the developers themselves to to to bring these technologies now we might like in Malawi at the moment we cannot say that we are there where we have a lot of these technologies adopted by different members of the community but at least we see that there is a good direction that is taking place at the moment because there's no duty being paid on on any of the solar products so I think that is very important lastly uh the most important thing is that we need to organize our communities our farmers our small order farmers they should be in cooperatives that way that's when they can actually benefit more they can run this thing as a business and they can appreciate the value the operating cost and everything uh from whatever technology that is being brought to them uh if I summarize what you're saying is we need to recognize the business side of this innovation exactly you need to find smart subsidies perhaps like tax um regime or and maybe actually maybe support to co-ops so that you've got irrigation maybe there needs to be innovative business models so that uh community rural communities can access this expensive technology I'd like to open it up to Elisa um and then Ellie maybe one of the things I was just giving Ellie something to think about with Australia you see there's a very well developed financial sector I wonder whether there's some clever business models that enable technologies to that are expensive to get in the hands of people in rural areas who maybe haven't got the resources other people have but first come to it Elisa just to see Elisa first oh it's frozen so Ellie first then Elisa and if your bandwidth is not good take off the video it's only nice to see if we can if the bandwidths rather hear you then not have you at all okay Ellie yeah to increase the awareness and acceptance of the community in terms of the technology so that um it it would link to the indigenous knowledge the technology would be linked up into the indigenous knowledge and the technology and from here we we have to we have to create a model that shows sustainability for our for us to get for business models and public funds because if if for example the uh the funding uh agency would see that this community can able to to sustain this technology and would I think it's more sellable to to the funder um that's interesting the concept of linking the technology to indigenous knowledge I suppose means that there is um confidence that the uh that there is sustainability that's your point and therefore the funder says okay this is worth the risk thank nice point uh Elisa Ellie hello um so I will preface this by saying that finance is not really my area expertise but it is an interesting um a really interesting space in in particular I suppose speaking from perhaps you know a more developed context and the role that you know that that finance can play and the different players that are you know that are that are in the space um when finance comes into it I think um a lot of the discussions that that we have are really about the um recognition of the economic impacts of climate change into Victoria and having some quite clear quantifiable like quantified data about what that looks like and as a result um the kind of cost avoidance aspect and the kind of the the risk that climate change now plays to um business and the finance industry in particular um come into play as well which means that we now have kind of partnerships with um you know say the insurance sector who have an awareness that if they don't take adaptation um on board then um you know the cost to that sector itself you know will be significant and so working working with partners such as them um yeah it's it's definitely a um uh more about the kind of the risk mitigation in the finance side of the side of things is the the discussions that we tend to have as opposed to some of these really specific project type initiatives around you know solar powered irrigation that um I heard some of the other people in the group discussing um in terms of technology the kinds of things that I am quite interested in to supporting the adaptation within the regional communities is very much about um a lot more of the kind of communication type technology infrastructure and particularly in connecting regional and rural victoria with some of our more urban um areas and in particular in in kind of the communicating the messages that we have and the importance about getting the messages of climate risk and adaptation out to our most vulnerable communities which are those typically based in more rural and regional areas and definitely harder to connect in with but um that's so much about communication systems are set up you know online with quite advanced you know bandwidth type technologies um that perhaps aren't as as accessible to um regional remote communities and and that's definitely where I'm seeing the need for investment in technologies to support this work but so that is probably more about public in funds to provide public goods yeah communication and messaging I think this is we've got about eight minutes left I want to go around again everybody I think we've discussed really well about like the investment side of things number two is about how can we improve the business case for public funds that's what you were talking about earlier I think the the business models for private funds is probably a little bit about uh the suggestions that were coming from um uh chicken but so uh with the sort of specific examples um although I still think we are focusing a lot on public funds so even like support for cooperatives uh removing the tax is a little bit of incentives using public funds I think we need to explore a little bit more about smallholder farmers own investments you know ways of mitigating risk for them maybe having models that have a contribution of public and private finance but there is a private finance angle where smallholder farmers are themselves investing but I did like the idea from Elisa about thinking these technologies to indigenous knowledge and that would be a way that you know the the people in them in more than marginal communities with little money and time are using their own resources so quick round and quick fire around one minute each say so we all get a chance to say in particular focus on business models private investment or message we might want to put back in plenary okay chicken you you had your hands up chicken booted first then we'll go around me we were we are next then the other you are the two of us okay thanks um please uh you you've mentioned quite a very relevant point that I forgot to talk about earlier okay we have a movement in Malawi I mean we have what would be clean village savings and loans groups in communities so the way these have been operating we've seen they generate quite a lot of of money not necessarily a lot huge amounts of money but they are relevant amounts so for me I think if you can empower these village savings and loans groups they develop very good constitution their savings is is is quite nice the investments within the communities very nice say they've they've generated at the end of the year say one thousand dollars just a hypothetical example then a private financier should match match the the amount that they've raised if if that can happen it means uh you have a station where I mean this will be energized to to to to run whatever they've been running whether it's a business a casual business or anything with a lot of vigor and and and then they can generate money they have they have an appreciation of what and that's a great point chicken boot so and we must record that and I think it links up and resonates with what Muya was saying about cooperatives actually Muya a minute from you what would you think is the sort of highlight point that we should be thinking about action on or some mentioning in plenary yeah sure um I'll give you a practical example of a business model that we're using in Zambia there's an NGO that is promoting that model but linking private companies to smallholder farmers so what they do for example on the plowing side on the tractor they will identify one smallholder farmer who is progressive in an area then they link him to a company that sells tractors so you get that tractor on a loan with a with a guarantee from from that NGO and then he that's progressive farmer in that area he will use that tractor to plow the fields for the other farmers around him and check them and then that's the money that he gets to pay back the loan that's a practical business model that is a it's a business model where you've got your finance model incorporated in that model and it is using a technology it does worry me plowing more land in an area which is susceptible to drought because sometimes yeah no no I'm giving an example that so if we translate it into some other technology or equipment for example a farmer a progressive farmer could be given an access to facilities on solar system and then he can use the water coming out of there to charge the neighbors and the neighbors growing crops and so so that can be thought through and replicated in a much more adaptable technologies and thank you one thing by the way I had said this technology of the zoom breakout rooms is very rude it just cuts you off when times are so I'm going to go to Elisa so that we have a chance to hear back from Elisa key points actually the key points only is to integrate the indigenous knowledge and technology to create a greater solution in cba it is a very important to remind us of that Elisa and I think there are practicalities linked to confidence and sustainability um Ellie so sorry that I had to take a work call it's um five p.m in Australia and this is still wrapping up in the workday um apologies if I'm missing the brief of the question but I think it was just a final point to wrap up on um obviously yeah so obviously kind of working for government here the um most of the issues I deal with is you know we obviously have quite um you know a reliance on the kind of public funding for adaptation and a really big question is about how we can further incentivize um other sources of financing investment to support the extremely costly um you know issue that is um adaptation um what I continually come up against is how you actually kind of can create a viable business case for investing in adaptation when um a most of the cost is the financial gain is around about is more about cost avoidance as opposed to necessarily kind of income generation so much easier for my kind of counterparts in the mitigation side of things to kind of make the kind of investment case um so yeah that's that's really the part that I'm currently interested in recognizing adaptation is costly so there are a lot of the issues that are around risk avoidance I think the important point to take back to plenary so I think you all have done I've got that one from Ellie I've got about the indigenous knowledge uh linked to confidence and sustainability and we can use that to develop these business models from um both Miwa and Chikaboo so I can tell you both work for uh is it Irish but they very much talk about innovative I think business models and financing models I really love the points that you know there's all this FISP money this farm input subsidy programs money which actually means that there are public funds that could be used and they could be directed better towards adaptation and enabling the uptake of adaptation technology perhaps by reducing risk so I'm quite happy with what I'm going to say back I picked up those three key points does anybody think I missed anything we've managed time really well I'm expecting us to be kicked out um I don't understand why I've not been because according to my oh there it comes we've been told to leave ah welcome everyone to the breakout session um while we are waiting for the others maybe we can just be reminded of the conversation um you know the conversation mapping questions but it doesn't mean that if you have any other new uh information or any experiences which can also assist in answering those questions they won't be welcome so um the conversation mapping is that what do we need to do in order to bring more investor confidence for them to invest into you know community best adaptation technologies and also what kind of business models or business cases can we build which can enable this facility or this uh these interventions to be more accessible for the most marginalized and most vulnerable communities so basically those are the conversation mapping questions which we have and if anybody has any you know anything to share you can use um you can raise up your hands or you can indicate in the chat box and then we can get the the conversation going thank you Matt I'm not sure if you have anything more to add to that because I think we should be starting if there are any other people joining they'll be joining us yeah no nothing to add from my end I think that's that's a great introduction okay thank you and then just to make it more interactive and more personal we're just appealing to any of you who are able to join this session with your videos running so that we get to also see the facial expressions and get to know each other more if you have the bandwidth to do that but if you can't we still appreciate your presence so that we can then just continue so I'm not sure if there's anyone who's able to you know get the conversation going uh based on the ignite sessions they might have also given you some ideas as people were as presenters were sharing some of their experiences how do you think all those experiences all those technologies can can be better improved in terms of attracting um private sector funding or even getting public sector money more organized and more coordinated is there anybody who wants to give it a go okay we have uh before we go sorry can we just give ourselves a round of introductions apologies for that I'll give each one a minute if you want to switch on your video introduce yourself say what you do and just share a bit just within a minute of your interest that will be okay maybe Matt can get us going sure and apologies advance my my little one's waking up now so apologies for any noise that you might hear in the background but um yeah I've already introduced myself on on the last session but uh like I said I'm I lead the research activities for GSMA's clean tech team so we're a new team that's looking at how digital technology can support climate action um and we work really closely with our members so lots of mobile operators and other tech companies to explore how they can leverage their not just funds but also their internal expertise about developing technology to have a positive impact so it's really interesting space and we're about to launch a new project in Kenya which will explore how we can provide funds to community forest associations that are managing forest so this is a really interesting conversation for me so really delighted to be part of this and to learn from the experts it is thank you so much Matt for that can I ask Kathleen to introduce yourself thank you welcome all right uh hi everyone morning I work with the national environment trust fund which is a government agency uh as the name suggests we have a trust fund where other governments multilateral bilateral corporate administration individuals um NGOs whether it can give money to the government of Kenya for environmental activities and climate change activities so just listening to Matt I think we may have a possibility of collaborating and I'm really happy and I'm glad to be part of this discussion I am a resource mobilization officer in the organization and so mine is to bring resources both technical and financial yeah thank you that's an interesting role you play and I am positive we're going to be learning a bit from your experiences in the environmental area thank you so much can I please ask Coringo sorry if I pronounce it wrong to introduce yes uh yeah I'm happy that background has worked so it's a beautiful background but is a Abu Dhabi so my name is Obed Coringo I work with care international and my role is civil society advocacy coordinator I coordinate the southern voices on adaptation convention of practice which southern voices I mean southern CSOs from Africa and Asia that are working climate change advocacy my trust in this topic is I'm doing my second master's actually in environmental policy and my thesis topic has just been approved and is on efficacy of ICT in the realization of climate resilience in Kenya so I'm looking for I'm I have a special interest in this and maybe I'm happy that Matt has said that they went to implement a project in Kenya so I'm I'm keen maybe to tapping into the maybe the lessons and maybe literature from what you've already done thank you oh thank you so much it's interesting I think I will be reaching out to you as well because I in Zipabwe I'm also involved in policy we're also involved in policies practice action and currently we are leading on chairing on the implementation you know coming up with an implementation matrix for the new agriculture policy for the past years we didn't have an agriculture policy we were operating on on a draft so thank you so I'll be contacting you thank you Lamel it's good to have you back again I noticed you were in the ad obsession and I was also you're facilitated as well thank you for coming back can you just please introduce yourself to the rest of the team yeah yeah I'll be in this group again hello I'm from Nepal I'm working with cleaning of the Nepal and my work is basically focused on climate change advocacy thank you and I'm here to I'm happy to listen more this session yeah thank you so much for that but I would encourage everyone to share from their different perspectives in terms of how really can we influence coordinated financing from the private sector and how can we even attract them because I know even when you're doing advocacy work you there's also need for you to get some funding so that you can be able to roll it out you know the policies so I would really appreciate if people are able to share their experiences to to help the community of practice to see how we can better improve yeah yes Kathleen anything to say I'm now being a school teacher picking on it's okay I was hoping that we'd first have some form of discussion because I would speak for net fund as I mentioned we're a government agency and our role is to mobilize resources so we get this we are also trying to get it from the private sector and it's been there's been success stories and others and what we do the best example I could give you is one of the things that Nefendez is promoting nature-based solutions so their adoption and uptake across the country and we go through by identifying them and then supporting them to develop or scale up the initiatives through product development and also business development services so once we get these enterprises we try to help them through business incubation services for them to operate like small enterprises and then from there it's easier to leverage on private sector funding because private sector funding what have come to realize is one there for profit their core business is profit and then secondly people and planets if they are very cautious so if they're able to make money from these adaptive solutions they would be more willing to miss them so the best way to do is some of these investors we've approached them is for them to take equity in these enterprises that we've supported so net fund acts as a bridge between the community group and then the private sector depending on the kind of scale that they might have we have one story he's called he's a young man called Magiro he is producing electricity from hydro so he's generating is in mini hydro um interesting fact about him is he didn't go through he's not well on it so he was just a school dropout and then Barry's creative and I don't know how that works but one of those amazing stories so from no background in engineering whatever he was able to generate electricity from his because he comes from a rural area where there are a lot of waterfalls so he took advantage of that from studying how a bicycle works so he used a dynamo and generated power so when net fund identified him we supported him to patent his innovation register make it a business and through interactions with various development partners and private sector were able to link him with the belgian private company that were also interested in hydro and from there he's been now able to scale up his initiative and currently reaches over 500 people they're in a partnership so I think one key thing for leveraging private sector financing first is that they have to get their interest or rather you have to meet their interest for them to be interested and it it also helps and maybe this is subjective but it helps that when you have the government in part of the partnership because with the government they're able to subsidize some of the costs so there might be some other incentives for the private sector to adapt or to take or be interested in this kind of technologies wow that's a very interesting story and very insightful I will share some link to the story for the rest of that that will be most appreciated thank you Kathleen oh but you have anything love money yeah um I think Kathleen already touched on most of what I wanted to say especially in terms of establishing incubation centers for these technologies apart from net fund I think I'm sure Kathleen you know the climate innovation center in Kenya which also does more or less the same supporting business startups and of course ensure that they have a business case and and linking them also with the various I mean institutions which are able to ensure that of course the technologies I work and are able to address the climate change I mean issues or that that while at the same time of course ensuring that of course they they generate funds oh but if I can just stop you there sorry how do you go about identifying these incubation centers do you go out into the communities and find out what activities are happening for you to be able to identify which kind of idea to incubate and work on how do you do it uh what what I have seen the climate innovation center do is to call for applications on on various topics and people who have maybe are able to apply and showcase so they provide a platform for them to showcase their technologies and they choose the best based on the proposal that they provide and also uh I mean what they're able to offer and and how promising they are I'm sure Kathleen is also uh she'll be able to respond to that all they do that I don't do that but I'm sure Kathleen they're doing that directly so maybe if you have anything to respond to that please go ahead okay thank you um yeah we do almost what's like in a CST there is we call out we roll out a call for application but because um we also target the bottom of the pyramid kind of group in the society because of course they are the most marginalized what we go beyond that and we have a comprehensive what we call scouting strategies so we go to the various countries um just for your information Kenya's device has a devolved kind of government system so we have the national government and anti-government so we send out scouts to all counties for them to go to the communities and identify the kind of initiatives that exist okay we have innovation and the socioeconomic impact and environmental impact as well so and the commercial viability because some are just um um good ideas but might not be very commercially viable so for such uh we call we um have grants uh that we give them to scale up the initiatives if they are not going to really be business okay thank you thank you for sharing that sorry orbit i i disturbed you in the middle of uh sharing apologies oh it's good to hear from the hottest mouth so you have to forgive me i have to go off video for a while i'm being told my bandwidth is low at the moment but please continue thank you go ahead orbit yeah another one or one other uh challenges i think of that maybe the private sector is facing in terms of investing in climate adaptation technologies uh is is the issue of the risks that are associated with climate change and and and and some of these uncertain really make it difficult for them to invest in in in climate adaptation so um the issue of insurance also comes in handy where if maybe as an incentive if if the maybe the government is should it provides such insurance services and and and and assures them that in case of anything maybe they'll be able to handle the risks that come with it i think this can also make it easier for the private sector to invest okay no thanks uh for sharing uh if we can hear something from laman you're quiet sorry Maria okay go ahead it's okay just to add to what Coringa's mentioned about the risking the other thing that i think is important even for the small um businesses and the community based um is for them to be the risk and that's why i think um government funding or government support is important because um we could come into the risk um some of these uh enterprises so that by the time an investor comes we've minimized the risk so at least at net fund although with limited resources i must insist that we have limited resources um we give them some form of seed capital for them to start uh the risking some of um or setting up some of these structures to minimize their what do you call it um the chances of them not surviving so we try to increase that and um lastly um in terms of besides insurance that's Coringa's mentioned which i think is important is also we need um to champion for policies that can incentivize the private sector to invest in this because even as a nation we might need um large-scale private sector investors so if the government uh us can have good uh or favorable uh fiscal mainly fiscal policy yes then we would be able to attract this uh for example in Kenya we have a zero tax on solar uh equipment vat it's okay so such kind of approaches i think it's incentivizing that would attract private funding thank you wow thank you Kathleen so from your discussion there it appears that government also has an important role to play in terms of making such technologies even attractive for them as well in order for them to help uh yeah work better with the communities yeah that's interesting Lamel you've been quiet uh this time around interesting to listen no i have nothing particular uh but yeah in previously she mentioned the role of the government and what i'm trying to say is the enabling environment should be provided uh to uh to promote the private private sector investment uh like in Nepal it's not particularly the adaptation issue but in uh in the case of promoting the electric vehicle uh government of Nepal has such policies uh government in Nepal imposed more than 250 percent percent taxes to import the diesel and petrol vehicle while it provides the private it gives the opportunity to private sector to import the electric vehicle with the fee of any taxes so private sector uh automatically interested to bring the electric vehicles in the case of diesel and petrol fuel vehicle which have almost 250 to 260 percent of import tax so these types of policy can help but in case of adaptation issues we are still struggling to convince the insurance private uh insurance to uh have the crop insurance so i'm listening some more i'm interested to listen if there are any cases of insurance that can learn how they convince and how they uh implement the the crop insurance that can cover the climate yeah okay let's hear from Albert and Kathleen if they have some experiences on crop insurance and how do you do it that's the question i'm getting from Lamane um at net fund no we don't provide insurance but what we try to do is um for the initiatives that are in agribusiness we also advise them to take this so we work with um various private insurers because the government is currently unless they've started another initiative and working through the ministry of agriculture probably not but i agree with him that it's a really important aspect uh when it comes to promoting um and securing the livelihoods of especially the small farmers or well marginalized so um is currently probably not but i think it's one of the things that need to be pursued unless there's something i don't have a practical example uh the the kind of examples i've had they are actually project based pilots which really i may not want to discuss further but it has been promoted as one of the key aspects or solutions to managing the risk that i associated with the with adaptation investing in adaptation okay thank you for that uh i just wanted to ask you Kathleen or even maybe Albert you said um you bring out people then showcase their innovations or whatever ideas they have but if you're looking at the um the kind of you know communities we deal with uh geographically they are hundreds you know even thousands of kilometers away from big cities and um the social you know mobile you know the social media kind of connections it's not even there for them to get a signal on a very simple non-smartphone it's difficult how then do you get those involved because even if you put out a call or for people to you know showcase what they are doing they are so out there in the remote areas they they are not even aware of such interventions or such innovations how then do we get that kind of vulnerable community to be involved to to get a bit of the action how do we do that how can we do that um i'll start um then if um we appreciate that as well and uh what you've done is uh we do we have deliberate measures on reaching these people um so Nerfand works um through partnerships as well so we work with various CBOs uh because they have um some of them have um have been exposed or would know such things so say we are going to a remote area part of Kenya for example the north and part of Kenya we identify through the county government and also the um what do you call it the major kind of uh NGOs in the area who work with communities and then we get them um through the community secondly we work through um the overall body of NGOs in the country uh we we work with them we also work with the reestablished partnership with we have a council for persons living with disabilities in the country and also that's one of the group that is largely marginalized so we work through the council to get uh applications or um uh shown interest from that which again i must mention that um for to enable or to promote inclusivity we translate our application materials to say braille uh where necessarily and then we have a translator in-house for those who have impaired hearing um challenges um for them to share and um again through our scouting program so we send now a number of scouts to various parts of the country so for example we sent two um to the northern region who then move from place to place so say for our old months they're going from this place this place and learning from this human and these scouts also uh i're expected to help these people make um their application so because some we understand are not literate enough but they're able to speak so they tell me what it is and then you translate that into the written application for it to be evaluated yeah so we try to put in such kind of measures um and um uh we have like a comprehensive okay don't to call it comprehensive but we hope that it's comprehensive awareness strategy because again that is good yeah that is good oh you you actually have a very well thought out plan for trying to include everyone which is which is really amazing thank you for sharing that yeah i want to agree with the with the with cutlin that uh i mean partnering with local institutions really plays a key role in ensuring that of course we reach those at them at the grassroots who may be having these technologies so partnering with the local local governments in Kenya which is the county government and local institutions that have local presence uh the cbo's and and civil society organizations and i maybe want to mention that the the media also plays a key role and we have uh local radio stations that speak local language also play a key role and also want to mention that there has been an influx of now these technologies in Kenya Kenya is one of the countries where we mobile access or is is very very high even the local has have mobile phones and a number of institutions that are actually even even even the kenya meteorological department department disseminating climate information even through tech and we even that are even disseminating information about maybe crops or what to plant when through mobile phones and this this has really worked uh i've seen it work hence my my interest in seeing how how whether how if how how effective this is has been in addressing climate i mean issues oh that's interesting uh thank you orbit for sharing that in Zimbabwe the like the areas where i shared uh some of our experiences uh the the local farmers many of them don't even have a you know just a simple phone and if they need to get network if you notice in some of the pictures it's a rocky mountainous area they have to there is a certain rock where they climb onto so that they can get some reception so yeah we really need to get the private sector more involved to kind of posters and all that what what has contributed to that is because now in kenya we have the pesa or the mobile transfer system where i do not really need to have cash for me to transfer and this has really contributed a lot in ensuring that people have access to mobile phones okay now that's thank you so much for sharing i can see we're getting a reminder that we have about 40 seconds i don't know if laman if you have anything to say uh matt well just to add i've been i've been taking lots of notes and it's been a really interesting conversation yeah i love that it definitely sounds because that's my box um but but yeah i think just to say it's really great to hear that mobile innovation has has helped unlock opportunities especially for reaching the most vulnerable but completely agree there's this remaining challenge that for a lot of people it's still hard to connect to a mobile service and to receive information and support and also i think one thing um so um yeah i would love to have a quick round of intro from all of you um so um so could you have a quick introduction about yeah one minute introduction about yourself where you are from and what you are working on so again my name is nga and i'm currently with k-international in vietnam so i work across the realms of climate change adaptation working with private sector and also business development so um yeah very happy to to to facilitate the group work today and if you have a enough bandwidth um yeah i would love to um see you to see your face if possible um if not uh no problem um and now i would hand over to annie who would support um as to report back our um discussion result um after the session thank you it's very early here in the uk so i'm gonna keep my video off for everyone's benefit uh i work for practical action and i also work on um a multi sectorial group called the syric flood resilience alliance where we work to build flood resilience uh in developed and developing countries around the globe through community programs research and knowledge sharing and i will be taking notes from this um conversation today so looking forward to hearing everyone's thoughts and ideas thanks annie um no i made me go first with tear my former college to introduce herself it is a surprise for me to um to meet her here so here hello everyone uh i'm sorry my my video doesn't work with with zoom i have these issues um yes and uh i um i'm joining from berlin where i work for the international climate initiative and the adaptation unit and where i'm responsible for the topic uh cba and eba and yes i used to work with uh and uh care with nam uh on how to actually scale up community based climate initiatives into national policy and i'm really really glad and also for me it comes as a complete surprise to meeting her here yes thank you thank you sit here yeah now maybe nila good afternoon from nyemma uh i'm nila shui uh from nyemma i work for care international care international and also i am a programmer and currently we are implementing a climate learning pilot project in northern shan state of nyemma so maybe i can contribute some information some information to you thanks thanks nila um we have also rosanna so could you introduce yourselves hi everyone uh my name is rosanna mclean uh i work for c4 eco solutions in cape town south africa and we work on climate change adaptation and mitigation projects all over the world thank you rosanna so um am i missing anyone no right okay so i think that um yeah we um yeah because of the the the topic is about how adaptation technologies can help us mobilize funds for community based adaptation and we have a two given questions the first one is how can technology developers be instant device to help with cba and the second question is how can we improve the business cases for public funds and business models for individuals communities and private sector investors um given the limited time that we have um i would love to hear from you whether we want to delve deeper into one question or um you want to cover both questions shall we start with the question when okay okay so um yeah maybe we can go one by one so um yeah based on the um the three ignite presentation um could you yeah do you have any reflection or you can share your practical experience um on the ground or your thinking um around how can technology developers um as incentivize to support um community based adaptation um so yeah ana will have to capture our ideas and and and we share back but then yeah this is an open question um so please okay so i can i can go first um yeah you you just have a um um seen from my presentation on aloe weather and in vietnam case um we see a very limited um involvement and and and and also um limited incentives from the government for private sectors or technology developers to invest in community based adaptation um the current the current investments are more central around renewable technology renewable energies or yeah for example solar energy but we haven't seen much um space and and and active um actors working on community based adaptation um in the in the climate information service um space we are seeing a number of um of technology developers some private firm um but then they have also experienced a lot of painful painful experience um in in in providing technology to support um cba for example one of the largest um mobile network operator in vietnam um vietnam they also provided climate information services but then um they had to run a loss after a long years and they had to close that business line um and in that sand back to my previous um back to my presentation um the financing model for for for technology to scale up technology and support community based adaptation really um need to take into account um what type of the viable financing model because at most um at the moment we are mainly depending on donor money um it's just not sustainable um and and how can we really incentivize um private sector or technology developer to invest in this area I yes I would like to contribute my thinking uh firstly uh we need to uh we need to build the awareness raising on the benefit of the technology for for the farmers and also for the users and also the private sector because uh we also need to build the awareness raising to invest private sector uh private sector uh private sector to see the uh long-term benefit from the uh from the uh reducing the uh climate risk so and also we need to uh we need to advocate the government to government to uh to work with the private sector for for some uh some policy to be to favor to the uh private sector to invest that kind of technologies so we need to do at the community level as well as private sector and also a policy maker level yeah great thanks Rosana so you you mean that we need different um different level of intervention that can really transform people's awareness um around using technology but at the same time um your incentive buying private sector um also working with the government um to create a more um enabling environment more incentive um for them yes yes and also the community members need to aware of the benefit of this technologies and also they they are educated to to willing to pay a small amount of their contributions for using this technologies for the long-term testing level although they are very poor but a small very small amount to contribute to using this technology yes um I look forward to hear from others do you think that um yeah it would be viable or it would be feasible um to incentivize um technology developer to step in this space I would also like to contribute Teya here um actually to add on what uh Shuei said I think you have to really think about how to using money wisely and also um how to using the available money wisely and in order to actually uh leverage more so I would really think we have to think more about and your your case actually proves it now in cooperation efforts between NGOs and communities uh private sector and public sector because I think in for the private sector to step in um I think some conditions have to be met and the only one who can do that I think is the state at the moment so public public funding would really play a huge role in terms of leverage in terms of kind of um buffering the risk of investing and in helping to actually cover the transaction costs because for the private sector to stay in the business of financing adaptation it really has to be profitable yeah and we have to get to this point while at the same time reducing the vulnerability um of those most affected so there I see really a need for concerted efforts where we define what are the strong points and the role that uh everyone can play ranging from the private sector digital developers to the public money which would be mostly guarantee guaranteeing um the the the investment buffering risk and the communities and also NGOs actually providing um the information on how these products or how the business model would have to be set up in order to really contribute to reducing the vulnerability yeah totally agree with you and that is what we have learned from our failures with our awareness because that we really underestimate the the willingness to pay from customer but also the willingness to invest from private sector um why we have the luxury why we're still having the luxury of getting donors money I think it is really I totally agree with tier that we need to use the money wisely in how we can really incentivize a partnership modality or to stimulate um public funding in this space because I think if you are from business or from private sector when you step in you're doing something you need to put the first question is that what whether I can get profit but then you're even investing in community-based adaptation and technologies for benefiting the most vulnerable people um private sector don't see um this is a a viable area to invest so totally agree so any other ideas on on this question before we move on to the second one or do you want to have a any further reflection or idea to contribute okay I don't hear from anyone so I assume that you would love to move on to the second question um how can we improve the business cases for public funds and business models for individuals communities and private sector investors um how can we improve business case maybe I can share first for example from from from our low weather we um we actually underestimated the cost that we need to um to spend to um to um to deliver the services for smallholder farmers um when we um when we were still funded by donor money we thought that it would be easy but when we take it seriously from yeah as a business model we we think that yeah the ways of working the evidence was not clear enough um and and and we did not have a rigorous market research to inform the development of the business model um and in this case I think if we want to be a very strong business case for for public funds um and and and business models um for um to support adaptation technology I think um we need to invest both in strengthening the business model from different angles for example a care vietnam when we pilot uh when when we piloted our weather our people are not prepared to to run a business model because our pupils were still in a mindset that they run a normal development project and in that sense people lack skills and capacities to make it a viable business cases at the same time our internal corporate system are not fit for purpose because we need to go yeah we need to go through different processes and policy why um as a business model we need to be more agile more nimble more flexible for example so yeah just to say some idea and I would love to hear from you I think um we all need to kind of as you said analyze better what the conditions for business model in a specific context are to function well um and as you said one one thing I always grapple with is um about for example if we talk about business model of a existing private sector firm um how how to to get a profit margin that will actually incentivize to first start even though we talked about it that with leverage money we could actually buffer the first phase but in on the long run there would have to be a profit margin and usually when working with communities um local communities the profit margin is very small so you have to think about the only way to buffer that from a business angle is to actually scale it out really widely so you have small amounts but these amounts if you have many of them of course they they they add up so this is always something that I think hinders the business model which which is the relatively small scale coupled with small profit margins the other way of thinking business model of course is thinking how community members themselves can get involved to actually set up a business model that actually um contributes to to to adaptation and I think there we also have to to put a lot of work in to actually explore that because there the profit margins would not have to be so high so actually would be whether we could kind of combine these these two levels like micro enterprises on the community level with the involvement of existing private sector firms yeah makes sense and I think that it is important and and also related to the profit margin that you mentioned here I think um yeah we um when we look at for example at our field forward experience with other weather we also need to demonstrate better our value position for farmers because still by the end of the day they do not see the the the values of money that they invest into the advisory services and and and when when they get it for free from donor funded development project they are excited but then when they are requested to pay money to receive the same thing um yeah from yeah but yeah they have to pay and then they said oh the benefit that they get is not go to the money that they invest and in that same combined you're compounded by the by this um by their status of poverty and and and and and and uh remorse needs and and yeah many other easing the business model is completely unworkable yes so so something that we need to take into account between local people or farmers or anyone who are super excited with your project as a donor funded development project but then if you are doing the same thing for them and requesting them to pay it will be totally different and even even when they express that they are willing to pay when when we do the research or when we ask them it is still a big gap between what they mean by willingness to pay and then when they actually put the money out of their pocket so i will continue from the uh tia tia discussion tia discussion uh she's saying the business model before business models is developed uh we need to do research which uh which is really a need from the community site so based on based on the research uh we need to develop the business model and then we need to pilot it so from the we need to start with the piloting piloting because uh when we implement end up piloting we will be knowing something and you or something some evidence so it will be useful for the uh when we go for a long time we can use the evidence and also learning from the pilot we can integrate uh the best practice or good things or challenges we can address in for a long time long-term model yeah i agree with you nila um we um um are the even white cat idea on how we can strengthen the um the um the business cases i think we need to advocate donors as well to implement business model yeah because each donor will interest this kind of model uh they can contribute they are they are many to developing this kind of a model it can be uh can it can be the you know uh supporting for the long term can move to the long term investment from the private sector as well because firstly uh the donor need to invest some of the uh many to really see the benefit of the this model and then the private sector and also the farmers or the community members really understand in the benefit of this model they will continue but initially i think we also need to advocate with the donors to invest this kind of uh this kind of uh business model um nila uh if i understand you correctly in terms of donors investing in the business model do you mean that the donor win uh in or we need to take a kind of like more market-based approach or donor win prioritize um kind of like more viable business model in adaptation technology rather than um investing in kind of like old traditional projects am i right uh yes yes this kind of business model and as well as the you know um market for poor approach we can use okay that makes sense yeah that makes sense um and agree with you on on on the sustainability of um of the project when we um follow more market-based approach um because many beautiful um development project turn out to be very unsustainable when um yeah when when the when the project comes to an end and and totally on agree on that we just have one more minute before we need to get back to the plenary so any final thoughts from you i was also thinking one way which would really be great if if governments took that need for adaptation financing seriously and would actually put up a program to pilot and generate good practices or lessons learned on how to actually generate more funding for local adaptation action all the points we talked about you know in a big program they were also unable that there is the learning that the other projects don't start doing the same uh arrows this would also be interesting to see to really have a government left but obviously with multi stakeholder the program to actually tackle this issue as something that that is vital and needs like really mainstream actions and not only pilots um generating valuable information that most likely gets lost because it's not um uh defunded and and and other projects start doing the same so it would really be like a multi-year project in different countries to work on that and program sorry and to tackle the issue yeah yeah okay and I think that this is very important and given the the power that that the donors have I think yeah really should invest in in in in the business model capture the learnings and and implement and pilot in different reasons so that we can have a more kind of like ground truth and ground truth right experience and lessons and make sure that we also learn the lesson and take it forward and in that sense we are really grateful for your contribution and participation in this group I just look briefly at the um notes from our group um as compared to other groups I think that um yeah our discussion uh is quite rich um yeah and and thank you and um yeah now I'm waiting to get back to the to the to the plenary okay yeah so please leave the breakout woman and and and get back to the um to the main um to the main session thank you tti I went follow up with you separately yeah I'm really happy too and then everyone please yes yes yeah okay um yeah let's see um yeah I went I went um yeah we get in touch with you I will hear more of your thoughts I believe most of you are more experienced than me so most of my thoughts might be a bit ambitious but I'm really keen to hear and learn from from your experiences in the field and and how you think these two questions or rather what are your thoughts on these two questions so I think technology experts can be incentivized by um uh offering opportunities for them to to be able to test and improve um some of these uh new technologies and and to um uh monitor the the growth or the the scaling of these um uh technologies and especially if they see the need or rather there because I believe most technology experts um rely on numbers so this is a great opportunity to scale up uh an application or a tool um that is useful to most numbers so I I believe if we can find ways to um emphasize on the usefulness of some of these tools that might be a good incentive I'm not sure um I look forward to hearing um from you guys about that so the business can be improved by I believe just the same um on the same building on the same software they need to be shown the relevance of this tool to the community more and maybe um to uh um more education and awareness to be created to the business um I mean to the technology experts and also I believe if um uh it's more there's more of a collaborative effort like if the the national governments and the local governments are brought on board uh on a public partnership um uh model like someone mentioned earlier then this can be useful in in in making the the case more robust and and in convincing um the technology experts to come on board thank you is Monisha still there yes I'm here I'm here okay okay oh all right all right please oh no it's fine Tastvik um I was thinking Monisha can take over but you can also continue while she so I'm not exactly I'm not exactly at uh I mean uh technology person or I I really worked uh for a small time with uh with a with a project which which wanted to uh see uh how to leverage the uh I mean the solar solar irrigation market in Bangladesh so back then I it was a nine months project and back then what I what I found that what we looked into that uh it was a that was a that was a uh I mean a successful business case but without without constant I mean before considering it a successful business case we must look how it was funded so it was all funded by grants or subsidized money from government later on when we wanted to do I mean wanted to do a research on same I mean same kind of stuff but for a different uh product which was solar I mean which was a solar battery for auto rickshaws we we we hopped into a private sector which which were producing I mean solar batteries for rickshaws but they couldn't really provide them provide the batteries to the market in the cheap rate because they they they didn't really get a grant from any funding sources they they got they got a loan and they had to sell it in a actual market price so that was not a physical uh process for I mean physical business model for the people who are going to buy from the field so uh what I feel like the the solar project I worked in I I made a recommendation that if you are going to uh produce products in your own country only then a person with low income can really buy if you're importing products from outside of your country that's not going to happen because then the subsidies uh I mean gets involved involved the grant funding gets involved and if these two things don't work I mean don't come in these two instruments don't come in then the the the ultimate buyer cannot really buy with that I mean with a higher price of the technological products so this is this is this is just an experience that I've just shared and yeah so please if you if you have any idea or if you have any uh insights to put lights on it can I put something yeah yeah please go ahead okay for for me I think uh when uh uh uh project sector they want to invest in technologies relevant to the climates and education thing or any technology that is developed for ruler people it should be uh uh part of the ruler people perception as well because while piloting people should also be part of piloting and developing some type of of innovation technology so that what they feel should be unveiled in the technologies it should be also also consider the gender aspects uh uh in the technologies whether it is gender friendly or not as mentioned by uh uh speak certainly we also need to consider the economic aspects it should be cheaper at the same time uh the technology should be simple that should be if there is any problem then that technology can be locally do some maintenance the pure maintenance of uh it can be procured locally as well so we also need to think from the simplicity and and which are friendly for the technologies besides the financing is also key aspects while developing and and designing developing technologies for the ruler people uh and gender aspects should be also considered on that thank you thank you um sorry i'm not sure i'm getting this correctly but is it um are we looking at the ownership in general or the incentivization of the technology experts like the companies please someone if someone has a we have two questions understanding of the we have two questions that were shared the first one is how can technology developers be incentivized to help with cba let me post it in the chat box that is the first question and the second question is how can we improve the business case for public funds and business models for individuals communities and private sector investors and here you go again in the chat box that's the second question okay thank you so any other okay somebody has yes yeah for the question number one it's very clear that certainly uh while doing some innovation it requires some initial level of investment some community level trials some piloting so in that case some development agencies the funding agency particularly government can invest to pilot those innovations in the local communities they can also provide funds in the developing and piloting both sides so that the pilot the the developers can easily invest on that areas okay um thank you Tasfiq and Takur for your insights may I add something here Kennedy yes please um there are a couple of points that I'd like to make firstly I think it's very essential that when we talk about getting private sector we need to we we need to be mindful of their interest of their business interest and those that revolves around profits and how do we show them that there is profits to be made for them to invest in climate-based adaptation initiatives is to show them that investing in rural areas in these areas that there is a market for them that there is a profit element that can be made out of those investments I think so the proponents of of climate climate-based adaptation should also speak the private sector's language and be able to show them that there is profits to be made by perhaps expanding the markets or by perhaps tweaking their existing products to come up with new innovative products to suit the needs of the rural communities and and that goes along the line of what former what I think Takurji mentioned about the products being human-centric in design that people be kept at the heart of the design so that's the first the second point that I would like to make the first point being the profit element and I very much agree with Takurji that I think there is this the additionality element should be considered private sector will not want to if they had seen profits in those in investing in those market segments they would have done it anyways so if they're not doing it then they perceive that as a high risk so I think the initial investments should be made by public funds or donor funds to offset some of that initial risks to absorb that initial risks and as rightly pointed out by Takurji the initial investments in trials and pilots should be absorbed by public funding that's the other point that I would like to make and yet another I think the last one being that in terms of this being you know affordable for communities one other key factor is that when we when we deal with adaptations like that this is a systems issue this is not a standalone issue that only the donors can donors and the communities or governments can resolve and that's why we're talking about key partnerships bringing on board private sector and with private sector I think we need to expand our views to go beyond technology providers to also include perhaps the financial sector providers whether it is community-based banks and financial institutions or larger financial institutions to help them develop the right kind of financial products and services that cater to the community-based adaptation initiatives that's what I would say thank you and over to you thank you Monisha great great talk Monisha um perhaps someone else would like to add something anybody Sui Sabitri um yeah why are they okay Sui yes I don't have technology things but I want to add on that Takurji's point so like yes it's definitely that we need to do that like make you know more familiar with the communities level because like in our country that the most important issue that we are facing was the language issues because not every ethnic city that understand the majority language and the major language and they cannot get the information through the even from the television TV channels and the radio because they don't understand the language and I think that like we also need to how to say that like make a user-friendly version and also the translation of their respected language could be an SS like even though like how much we invest in those like technology if they cannot assess it it will be a useless one so I think that like we should be more like you make when we are using the technology it should be more like you know user-friendly version and also that like we have to make sure that the community they could assess the the informations yes thank you thank you Sui Sabitri would you like to share anything okay um yes so just to recap on what Monisha said just to make sure I have the right information so is it like a situation where you may need to have all the actors involved at the outset that is the the government agencies the local agencies the donors and the local communities themselves whereby you will now make use of the uh and also the private sector where you may use of the donor funds and the government funds to sort of create awareness and education about the the project itself for the business case and then have an exit strategy where the technology developers will come in after the donor funding is running out with the notion of a market whereby a market will be created for the local communities to continue to use this technology is that um the I think that's what I got from from your talk please perhaps I wasn't too clear what I meant was actually to to get on board I think it's very important that we get on board the the private sector actors right from the onset so it's not like the donor funding would create a market and show them that there is a market but it's about getting them to invest and the donor funding would co-invest with them to test that there is indeed a market okay so that is that is what I meant so it's very important that we engage the private sector because otherwise there won't be ownership of that um of that cause um from their side and it's important that as much as there is ownership from the community I think there is there should be ownership from the private sector as the solutions provider um in addition to that what I would I also like to say is uh perhaps this is uh very out of the box and um something that hasn't been thought of we talk a lot about you know communities not having access to technologies like mobile technologies there are two elements to it the one is the hardware element the other one is the software element of it when we talk about the hard hardware element it is true that a lot of places do not have internet connectivity or the farmers or the communities are not in a position to afford those devices so why can't we design um products I mean projects um why can't the projects already consider giving a very basic mobile phone to these communities so that they can use it as a tool for information and and alongside give the software of it soft by software uh it's more about um the skills of using these technologies so that's also an important factor that should go into the project design so if we can um right now as the COVID situation has shown that you know digital there's so much uh that can be leveraged there's so much that can be done using digital technologies and it's all about it's all about the digital divide right now and a simple tool like a mobile phone and it doesn't have to be a smartphone even a simple feature phone can bridge that gap that is currently existing um so it may be very contextual I understand that in terms of connectivity internet connectivity in terms of a lot of other factors but where possible I think we should not ignore those as solutions that that we that exist and perhaps this also ties into building the market element that I the point that I made earlier that if you give people a smartphone in their hand perhaps it actually makes the you know the private sector solution the technology solution more viable and there's so many things that a little device can do whether it is making payments um you know mobile payments or getting access to information or anything for that matter and that can be a win-win solution not just for communities but also for the private sector to attract them to invest in community-based adaptation over to your Kennedy um thank you Monisha for very great facilitation and information sharing I'm not sure how long does the session need to be again please remind is it 30 minutes and I didn't time it but I think we should be near to closing of this session so if there are any final thoughts from anybody I think that would be good to have okay yes um I'm happy with the information myself I've learned so much from you and everybody else thank you guys um yeah in case anyone has anything to say as we finalize please flow is open it seems um nobody has anything to say so um maybe I'll just recap one more time just to make sure because I'll be presenting it and you can correct me in case I've missed out on anything but I'll still check through your notes again just to while going through the presentation so we agreed that uh the first we need to show the private sector about profits that uh uh uh and the market available market in the local communities for them to want to invest and we also need um human-centric designs um the focus on on on the human aspect in in the local communities and we need to um uh promote or lobby for initial investment by public or donor funding so we essentially need to uh bring together all actors both um governmental and governmental uh private and uh individual community private sector and individual communities from the outset and encourage um uh investment by by all all actors um and we also need to oh it's time to it's time to leave and yeah so we need to bring them together and uh show the need and and and probably um we could also introduce offering of mobile uh basic mobile phones and um education to to enable the community members use or understand um these mobile applications more and and uh thereby there'll be more market for the for the private sector afterwards um and gender gender sorry yeah go ahead please we just have a few seconds left yeah I just finished actually please point out in case you think I missed anything sure so see you in the plenary so welcome back everybody we needed another hour or so oh it was so interactive and exciting yes yes we we we were yeah finding the conversation quite um insightful and cracking up brains to find answers I am hoping that we have everybody back in the room can you confirm Lynn yes we have everything correct okay excellent okay now is the time to hear back from those exciting conversations um and we are going to give each reporter or the journalist or the communicator for your room uh two minutes to to share with us the inside um and I want to start with group one sorry I I don't remember who is in group one but okay that was us if I'm not mistaken Belinda and Harrison okay thank you so I guess um on the first question we started by acknowledging that there are two levels of technology developers there's the large companies like Google and they are the small local startup tech developers in developing countries so whilst you know some large companies already provide some kind of support through their corporate social responsibility government still needs to step in especially to support local technology developers but also importantly in critical investments such as um ICT infrastructure that will help most of the remote communities to be able to access these technologies because whilst developers can develop the technologies remote communities cannot access the technologies because you know they are off the grid um out of the network zone so government needs to step in with those kinds of um investments and then also looking at the large companies that already do some kind of grants or social responsibilities we need to help them see the social impact and value of digital solutions within uh adaptation and then under the second question uh I guess the key issue that has been recurring is the need to strengthen the evidence based the evidence based on nbs in adaptation but we then also realize that there's also a need to be able to translate that evidence into specific questions that um policymakers and investors need to be answered for them to make decisions for example translating ecosystems data into engineering specs or the conventional example of economic valuations that can facilitate you know payment for ecosystem services and we also acknowledge that technology also has a role to play in strengthening this evidence based looking at the role of gis and and other kinds of technology so there's still need for those kinds of partnerships as we implement in nature based solutions um yeah thanks that's it Susan I think it's group two next which is me you happy with that um yes by the way thank you for Harrison for that those interesting notes that I was making them no group one um three points I think really strong points came out one is that there is money with we was pointed out you know the amount of money that's spent on farm input subsidy programs in southern Africa I mean there are resources and I think one of the things that was talked about was actually incentivizing you know innovative redirecting some of those resources through innovative business models ones which maybe build capacity at the same time as make those resources accessible and sort of like using adaptation technology a second one I think linked to that was recognizing the very strong cost the high cost of so many of these adaptation technologies whether it be like solar power irrigation or it is as was mentioned by the last group um these sort of digital solutions some of them are a bit expensive and so the issue seems to be all around the financial risk avoidance so it's using public money to find innovative ways to reduce financial risk um but then we came up with a very interesting idea and I think it's very relevant to us is this use of indigenous knowledge if technologies can be linked also to how people use indigenous knowledge it increases the buy-in and the relevance of those technologies to communities and community-based adaptation and it will lead to more confidence and sustainability in the both the technology and using it in the long term thank you great thank you shall shall we now listen to the third group and Robert do you please be happy to speak to it sure thank you Susan if I miss out on something please do please do add so for the first question we first well acknowledge that it's a difficult question and difficult to answer but what we thought about is that there is a need for stronger business models because and there is a need for co-production of these business models for the private sector so working with a private sector even at the design stage one big topic that came out is that the public or private partnerships could be an entry point and there was a talk that over the next 10 to 20 years there still will be need for subsidizing these technologies from public funds so the current climate finance should be tailored to the forefront to show that these technologies work and then over time it would be possible to stop this subsidization there is also a need for a conducive policy environment so for instance the government innovation in the way the taxes is done so that these technology developers have some text incentives and one interesting thought was that young people and youth are crucial because of their technology skills so there is a need to strengthen the capacity of local universities to develop these skills so that there is no need you know when we talk about technology a lot of it is now in apps and big data and similar so there is no need to pay for expensive consultants from abroad where you know there is a there these skills can be developed locally then for the second question similar to the previous group to the first group there was a lot of a lot talk was about a need for a stronger evidence and then a need to communicate that evidence better so because that was already discussed I wouldn't go into into details with that thank you so thank you so much yeah we we kind of tied away from the government response uh in in in facilitating this shall we have group four and I'm really glad that we're doing well with time yes okay so question one and when we look at when we consider incentives they can be conceptualized in a fairly broad sense we can not have a look at policy financial governance but the question is essentially what we're talking about is developing an enabling environment but I think the the what we settled on was that the incentives really must be financial based because I think when we think about developers they are going to be sort of driven by profit and so they are going to increase the returns that can be around subsidized investments I could be risk it could be tax holidays but then we said we discussed who should actually be providing these incentives is it just the national government and there was a sense in the group that it does very much fault the national government to create this enabling environment to provide these incentives but then we posed the question in terms of what the can the what incentives can the communities offer themselves which we didn't we didn't actually answer but I think it's an interesting question and the communities are often not consulted in the development of the solution rather you know that there is often sort of top down in position so I think there needs to be greater inclusion of the communities in the development tech solutions before we'd start looking at incentives I think that's a that's a sort of pre-step that needs to be taken place in terms of how we can improve the business case and there was a the general discussion was that we need to build investor confidence and the the government can under right or it can top slice some of the risk for private investments to make private investors a bit braver and but there's also over time there's the need to build in country private sector which can be difficult and I think that's going to move at more of a glacial pace and also in terms of when we think about tech developers we need to consider these not just the European and American hubs but also in Africa and they need to be supported to grow and perhaps there's a bit of a sensitization exercise or whereby uni grads could take our university students could take modules and climate change so that it's on there so it's going to be you know something that they're going to be considering in terms of creating a better business case there needs