YouTube. Okay, you're all set. The live stream is up and I'll set you as host. Okay, so just let me see here. Okay, now we are live. So David, we are start here. Oh Yeah, you're welcome to start. Yeah. Yeah. Okay, and do you start? Unfortunately, you're talking in the important so anything else that you can Call me and Okay, so it's Important to do two quick placements now that we're officially starting, which are the policies of the hyper ledger In anti-trust issues. So it's important to have Consciousness of our policy of anti-trust and also of our code of conduct Where we conduct when we conduct all our sessions and all our activities So made this this rescue I would like to invite everyone who is still not part of the chapter of Brazil, the hyper ledger That they sign up, do a part of the community, we have done A work, me and Marcos, we have done a work from this year to conduct this group, which is a super engaged group So who else is interested in participating, it will always be very welcome. On the second Friday of the ninth day, Marcos will be conducting Inclusive an event where I will be following him as well About what is the hyper ledger As it was last year that we can wait for next year. Okay, Marcos, before we move on to For Fernando, would you like to make some placement? Thank you for the presence, especially here from Fernando, which will pass on such an important theme for us Part of identification here, something that has been a challenge in both the social part and the technological part And show how hyper ledger technologies can help at this point. Okay, so once again I would like to thank everyone For now, for our presenter Fernando Marino Thank you Marcos, thank you Rana Teixeira, I would like to thank everyone who is here tonight For us to talk about digital decentralization identity, it is very stimulating, we are already here with 20 people in the room Who are being joined here on a Tuesday after 19 hours to talk about decentralization identity Very cool, and a special thanks to Marcos Sáez who made the invitation for this, for this participation Thank you very much for the opportunity to talk here, guys Well, I'm going to share my screen now with you, that good question about post-pandemic You are coming to my screen Okay, cool So let's go there, well, first of all I am Fernando Marino, I am the technical leader of the blockchain and cpqd solutions I don't know if you are just seeing a slide, the zoom is not even taking it Great Okay, so the technical leader of the blockchain and cpqd solutions I have been in cpqd since 2014 In 2016 I had my first contact with blockchain in cpqd It was the first time I played in GoKo, Hyperledger Fabric in version 0.6 I was a great learner, I would say And I always had the opportunity to work with new solutions, new Hyperledger tools From 2018 I started researching, studying applications for the Hyperledger frameworks Hyperledger, first Wind, after Wind Aeres and after Hyperledger Aeres and Ursa We will see more in the future how these three frameworks, these three projects of Hyperledger fit for us to develop digital identity solutions Digital identity, more specifically Agenda, well, let's start talking about digital identity We have to talk quickly about the concept of digital identity Then we will focus on the concept of digital identity of Soberana And within Soberana's digital identity some new things arise Some new words start to arise, for example, agents Which is a key part, it is fundamental for us to understand how this Soberana works Then I will quickly talk about some initiatives And then I will show how it works The macro-architecture of a solution based on digital identity Decentralized with Hyperledger Indy, Ares and Ursa Well, let's go, then, about digital identity There is no way to start talking about digital identity without questioning what is identity First of all, what is identity? Identity are our attributes What we identify with Like birth information, credit history, health registration Father's name, mother's name This type of information These information are considered the attributes of your identity They are our relationships From who is your friend, who is your brother, who is your son From the city I was born What is the relationship like business and private They are also our agents They are our applications that we use They are our devices, our cell phones Our wearables Our agents that represent us For example, our lawyers For those of us who we pass some search And can represent us Our parents, while we have no humanity We are the greatest of age And they represent us, for example, together with schools So our identity It is basically composed of attributes, relationships and agents In digital identity You are your data Because these data that you have in the digital world They compose this identity They compose your attribute They compose your relationships With whom you have connections And they also compose What are the agents that you have From your devices, applications, accounts That you have there How does it work in the physical world? In the physical world, when I want to identify I open my wallet, I take a credential For example, an RG, a CNH I present it to a verifier This verifier takes the CNH Identifies the signals, the symbols The role, it can identify That it is a valid identity, not a verified one It can look at a photo there It goes to comparison, it sees that the identity is mine And it can infer the data that is there Like the name, birth date and so on In the digital world, a little different Because who does this validation of the identity Is not a person, they are machines The digital identity works from one machine to another So they are servers that they can recover secrets Information that you have To identify and identify yourself in the digital world In the centralized identity That is the model that we have You do not actually have this identity It is very important to say this When we are talking about the other side It is talking about control In the centralized identity You do not have this identity Instead of you having this identity In the site, it is an application The service that you are using He who has this identity in his database There is a probability of fraud Invasion of privacy, database As we have seen Recurrently happen The identity is managed in signals This is a problem, because when you put A number of hundreds of thousands Of identities And when you think about the encampments There are millions of identities Recently, these signals end up Making reasons of desire for hackers And they end up investing in attacks It is important to highlight that these attacks are expensive You do an attack on top of a signal Digital identity is not a cheap thing It has a high cost This is done because it compensates Because after the city is sold They are sold on the internet Outside the dark web, etc The number of users of hundreds Are spread by hundreds of apps There is a problem of usability Because we have to do a management Of several users of hundreds With several records and data Replicated in several sites And consequently I think everyone here has a strong sign A different sign for each user But no We end up seeing the weak signs Being created, which are possible With these data and accounts That are used Centralized companies End up making a bad use Of this identity End up making processes And selling data Selling information generated From these processes Without the user's consent So here to show a little The history of the internet How the identity was developed on the internet To start the internet was born Without a native layer of identity There is no native layer of identity All the services were created For people on the internet That they had to create Their own identification signs So you have here For example Iconos Health services Each of these services with which The user relates He will have to create a register Make a registration And have to manage users For each of these services with which He wants to interact With the famous Identity Provider Which has evolved a lot Has improved a lot Because now this guy here Has only one identity With one strong identity For example Google or Facebook And using that access option With Google, access and Facebook He can access several of these services With a single register and a single user Has improved a lot Of the user's point of view Of the hundreds of users And records that I had to keep Updated and decorating the password Now I have one or two, at the maximum Three, however, here we had Signs with tens of thousands Or hundreds of thousands of data Of personal information records Now we are in the billions And when this goes It goes to the millions How it happened with Google Plus Which was a community that didn't have So many members like that With Google Plus, it was a data leak And Google finally broke That social network So it's serious And now we have a lot of Considered, the final evolution Of digital identity It's the sovereign identity It's the natural evolution And for the first time The user is in control of his identity Because his identity, his credentials His register are with him On his post, on his digital wallet And he defines with who And when he will share So it was the first identity That actually put the user In the center of his identity It was a great advance Ok, let's talk specifically About the principles of this sovereign identity The principle of this sovereign identity Is about existence It has to exist this identity It's a sovereign identity Why people say it's a sovereign? Why do you start with the user The only one for him He creates the decentralized identifier In his digital wallet And from there He establishes connections with other agents That we will talk about in a little bit And he starts to receive information And generate these information And inherit it in his digital wallet Ok, so then his existence begins Control, that consists of the user Control his identity With who he is sharing his data Who is accessing his data Who keeps this consent He controls or accesses his information Access to be able to access These information Transparency No one is accessing their information And processing these information without you knowing Persistence, this is very cool This part of persistence, why? Because today I have an identity I have a register here on the A site If this A site falls and falls I will lose it, I don't have this information At that time, I will believe in it Not here, ok? And it generated a verifiable credential It sent a digital certificate For me here Even if the faculty fails I will continue with this certificate And this certificate will continue to be valid And passive of use in this ecosystem There is still no more faculty Portability, which means That this identity is portable So the user has the power To use another application To use this identity with another service With another solution This is very cool Both from the user's point of view And from the institution's point of view Because this creates the possibility Of bringing your own identity What does this mean? Instead of you having to register To be able to access an e-commerce To be able to access an air passage You bring your identity With the requirements of that service That you want to consume And you don't need to register It's very good from the user's point of view Because every time you open a form For the user to fill It's a friction It's a lost purchase It's a non-made business It's a more satisfied user Interoperability, which means That you can use different systems Consentment, everything runs Around the user's consent No information is needed No processed information If there is no consent Minimization is very cool I don't need to identify I don't need to identify for anyone I go to a restaurant I take my table to a restaurant I make the signal For those who are waiting My colleague sits with me We have dinner The only identification I have Is when I pay with a credit card My credit card is an identifier That I have with the Mastercard Or the Visa That allows me to pay We get used To use the password To register and register We get used to it Because it's not a natural way To minimize the identity The decentralized identity Preconises for that For you to have a minimum of friction You can act in the digital world In a more similar way With which you act in the real world And protection A lot of protection Here, it loses a little This incentive Because you distributed Decentralize your information Instead of being located in the silos That are reasons of desire Now they are spread to thousands Sometimes even millions of digital cards That only have one identity And the security technology Above this wallet Is as big as the one in the seal In terms of cryptography and security And the effort for the hacker To do that Of course, there are people who are exposed That eventually make sense They make an isolated attack But not in general Some characteristics Decentralized There is no central authority So it's very important It is based on blockchain technology Centered on the user Elevated security levels As I said And compatible with GDPR and LGPD It is important for different contexts As I said earlier The Big Iron Identity Low maintenance cost And considered the identity layer Of the internet that was not designed in its origin So this is the interesting part You leave it here You have a layer based on blockchain That you can use to identify An interesting case How does it work? It's the triangle of trust Why the triangle of trust? Because you have an emitter The verifier does not trust the person It has a relationship with the emitter It trusts the emitter And the emitter emits a credential For the person When it emits a credential for the person This credential is stored in the person's device In the digital wallet of this person That usually is in the mobile device On the cell phone But it needs to be on the cell phone? No, it can be in the cloud But in general it stays in the mobile device When it presents this credential to the verifier When it presents this credential to the verifier There is a concept here that we saw Quickly that the verifier is decentralized As if it were a switch of keys Like WhatsApp that happens between these pairs That the verifier can verify That this credential was actually Emitted to this person that he is Relating with what he is talking about And to verify Who emitted this credential And if the data and information Of this credential are ok He does not need to integrate with the emitter Instead of that He consults the blockchain network And in the blockchain network he will be able to Find the public key That is called the verifier Of the emitter and he will be able to verify All the items that are in this document All the data that is in this document That first they were actually emitted For this person For this third emitter And that besides that None of the data was corrupted Without any data being in the blockchain We will see that later There is no hash What goes in the blockchain What does not go in the blockchain Let's start from there, what does not go in the blockchain There will be no personal data But hash is a personal data And it is not in the blockchain Private decentralized identifiers Remember that identifier that the person created That the person created Not the emitter created That decentralized identifier I think some of you have already heard about DID Talk about DID since the beginning Of the year 2000 As if it were a link of the RL Which is generated through a new type Of typography called BLS Signature Can do Super short and precise And also With the chance Of not generating new hash Forgetting the name of this procedure So good compared to the SHAQ 112 And we were trying to find A use for DID Here it fell with a glove But there is no DID of private That the person created to identify Is only in the digital wallet Of this person Regists of consent Or emissions or validation of credentials They do not stay in the blockchain And what goes in the blockchain Public decentralized identifiers And it is the endpoints of our emitters What do we miss? Calm down, get there Of data and definitions of credentials This needs to be But not the data of the credentials, but its structure The schema of the data bank Of this credentials is in the blockchain Because we are talking about metadata So the verifiers They will need to assemble these credentials When they are presented For them, the credentials that were emitted And registration of the credentials But not the registration of the credentials You cannot get to the credentials This is very interesting It is just a mathematical proof That the credentials were revealed In a file That is synchronized in the blockchain A Teio file That is synchronized in the ledger This is very cool, because if the credentials Were exposed, it won For some reason, it was revealed Because you stopped being part of the company For example, you stopped being a police Something like that A proof of that And when you use this credentials In your name The verifier will be able to see that it was revealed And the validation will fail Here is a very cool part That are the current challenges The benefits that the digital identity Of sovereignty has The current challenges are the New York customer You have a great challenge Of self-care in the New York customer That also controls money laundering They are expensive, delayed processes The decentralized identity helps a lot Because you can, in a reliable and fast way Bring reliable information about you For the verifiers Limited control over data laundering As I said, my cat wants to participate In the live chat This is also useful for the patch We already talked about Limited control over data laundering Dependence of trust in third parties As certification authorities And central authorities For you to have this confidence About the verification of certifications High responsibility to protect the data Of the user And the only flaw Benefits, individuals have Personal data Verified by several different parts So you have Various parts verifying and confirming For example, I am Fernando I have cartons, I have universities I have health plans, doctors That are proving that I am Fernando And personally interact with me So you begin to put more trust Above this identity But you don't have confidential data And the ability To improve conformity, resilience And interoperability Because this is still a difficulty I took the data from one place and took it to another Now that we are talking about Paybank To be able to put the data From one to another Centralized identity puts this as a protocol About standardization For all this interoperability There is a lot of standardization Behind We are not talking about platform We are talking about protocol And having this identity With a protocol This protocol has the standardization About what is a verified credential These types of certifications And who is doing it Who does it, just a second One minute If there is an animal that is temperamental It is a cat And it has all the standardization Above it, for W3C It has a specific protocol For you to make authentication Decentralized identifiers That is, make a password authentication By Diff Decentralized identity foundation Together with ITF The KMS Is a process of Decentralized Management system That is for you to make decentralization Of keys that are made To make Decentralized management And the types of Decentralized identifiers That are also for W3C They are the same guys that are behind OpenID And of many other protocols Of the past digital identity Besides that, there is a very cool guy Who was born in Hyperledger And today has become a protocol A separate foundation That is Trust Over IP The TOIP Is about governance Of solutions based on Decentralized identity There are two verticals One is for you talking about Governance of applications And another is about technologies It is divided into four layers From the technological part Of The tools Of use in general With, for example, the Decentralized identifiers And the blockchain That is here in this layer That is the communication layer That I dedicated That is the whole protocol Of key changes To be able to establish a connection Between two devices A cryptographic connection Don't replace TLS Before I asked It runs on top of TLS On top of TLS, there is one more Cryptographic layer That is dedicated You send me data The protocol changes data Via verifiable credentials Respecting the triangle of trust Of our conversations The user, the user And the user's own port And the application Of Decentralized Identity We will talk a little bit about that Sooner or later We have four types of agent We have the agents of people That are usually represented by Mobile Edge Agent That is the layer For mobile devices Usually here that is the digital wallet Here that is the agent of the physical people Then we have the institutional agents That are the agents of the legal people Of the organizations Both organizations There are two types Both the institutional agent Emissor and the institutional agent Verifier And you can have the manager that is the verifier And the verifier that only makes verifications You have the Cloud Agent That is a very interesting agent That has several functions One of them is to make the mediation Between the mobile device And the institutional agent Why? Because the mobile device does not have A persistent endpoint In addition to not having a persistent endpoint It can turn off Stay covered It has a lot of problems It does not have high availability So for you to guarantee the messages Of this guy If you give it to this guy You have this intermediary And then you have the Hub Agent The Hub Agent has an evolution Of the Cloud Agent But in addition to making the message It also has a verification credential So the protocol is very cool for this to happen Because all the credentials and data That are stored in the Hub They are stored cryptographed And the cryptography occurs here In the mobile agent's layer To make things cryptographed This guy makes a key exchange With this guy who receives an access token That allows him to access the data Inside the Hub Agent He sends it here to the Hub Agent Access the credential that was Explored by the Mobile Agent Receives the data cryptographed Take the key that was exchanged here With the Mobile Agent and cryptographed Inside his wallet So it is very safe to guarantee privacy But if you pass this data cryptographed The data is leaked So, a little attention Some initiatives We have a lot of initiatives Rolling around in the world at this moment You have the European Group Of the Observatory Blockchain Creating A decentralized identity service You have the Catalan Government That is not there together Making its own decentralized identity Also You have India talking about Decentralized identity You have private initiatives Like Evernon A great partner of Hyperledger Those guys who helped develop a lot of things Daniel Hardman A great architect And Evernon He wrote a lot of things About Hyperledger India and Aeres Atrinski, who made a very cool platform For decentralized identity We will talk a little bit more about her She is a network for identity Since 2018 We have developed Prototypes, MVPs, Autosuberana Here in CPCD We have developed and concluded Five Autosuberana identity projects One of them, very famous Was the FINID We developed in LIFT A technology innovation laboratory From the central bank Which is the financial passport You create a digital wallet From the financial identity That you want to interact with You simply present the passport You automatically create a account And you interact with that bank So you have an affordable financial identity The RECONIDI That was an application made on the FINIDI To make consent records For access to open bank data That was also made in LIFT This one was LIFT 2019 This one was LIFT 2020 This was very cool Because it is a very cheap digital signature Then you will have The PRODID Digital identity of the Rural Product Rural Product It has to have several certificates To prove that it is creating a place Without being a place of destruction Without being a place of Environmental reserve There is no slave market All this is physical The guys spend a lot of time Proving that they are certified That they can sell their commodities And the digital identity facilitates this process Along with the verifiers Which are the figurative Organs and taxis And even the supermarket And why not the consumer The GOVEDI That was a POC that we did With the Ministry of Economy That we did with the Ministry of Economy Internally That simulated the digital identity Of the citizen Of the time That is the simple recipe Of the medical and the patient These projects were done With several partners Cf3, CwConnect To test the focus That we validate the concept of digital identity In these areas of government Financial sector The agronegócio And the medical Test the utility Of the value and identity This is very interesting We are talking about emerging technologies Aeres That we talked about She won the 0.6 version That was a great update And was active last month So the project ended up being active Since 2018 We were using some components That were still incubated And they were only active when they matured In terms of technology, code and community That happened with Indy and Aeres Sovrim is very cool The analogy that I make with Sovrim You have the Bitcoin network You have Retire for smart contracts And you have a network For self sovereign identity So in a public network Permissioned What does that mean? That our validators They are Permissioned You have to trust yourself To be the new validator And all the technical requirements To be the new validator Sovrim is the new validator The only one active today in Brazil Is the CPD node And you But it is public Because anyone can synchronize the ledger You can access the ledger And you can check the ledger That's why it's public Permissioned And it's very cool Because you can create A network that uses Indy's protocol Ok Now, ok The perfect match To make a self sovereign identity solution You will need a blockchain One of the blockchain That has Implementation Of cryptography And the necessary functions To make the definition of a credential That each one is in the scheme You have to enable To register A public decentralized identifier Of an emissor Indy Indy's protocol That is active Has all the features To make a self sovereign identity But it is important That it doesn't have For smart contracts Only focused For self sovereign identity Aeres Even more than a biotech A very powerful component To create your agent Because before you had to take your agent And take some SDKs That left you a level of cryptography To make a credential To establish a connection To make a key exchange And make all this messages Obedece this self sovereign identity protocol Aeres betrayed all this concept And gives you some functions ready To create a connection invitation To be able to make a credential To verify a credential To request the proof of a credential To give you these functions ready And allow you to be more focused In the business layer And the Ursa The Ursa is a very cool project From Hyperledger That a cryptographic library Is implemented the functions Of cryptography like CL Signature That is a signature pattern That you make For the ZeranoledgementProof That you make a proof of zero The BLS Signature That you make your decentralized identifiers So all these implementations Are inside the Ursa And Aeres is already using the Ursa She is using the Ursa to do this So when you have the Ursa Aeres and Indy You can focus more on the business layer The logic layer Transactions So here is a conceptual model That is a decentralized identity You have three layers The first one is a very technological layer It is technology I refer to cryptography Consensus Blockchain That is the protocol layer Where they are The second layer is the agents You will have the agent, verifier The emitter, the folder The emitter, the verifier, the folder There is no digital folder It is an archive That you can store Secure information That is cryptographed Inside your device But it is an archive that you open and close And you keep the information there And the files inside That with a wallet There are keys and credentials And finally You have the application layer With the logic layer Where you make the transactions Or what you are trying to propose An education area, a college Here you put your verification policies What do you want to verify What is mandatory, what is facultative You submit transactions, execute You have your data storage Renewed to the processing of this information You have information results Emission policies What is the error? What is the verification policy? What is the emitter policy? This is the interesting part Note that in the most technological layer You have the Indie and the URSA The Indie implements all the Red Blockchain protocol The consensus, the full consensus That is a variant of the Byzantine consensus The URSA implements the cryptographic functions And the Aeres That is our abstraction layer That is our library That allows us to So there is not much technology But focus more on the business And above all All this You have governance frameworks For example, the trust over IP That came out of an RFC 289 From the Rappledger Aeres group Ok That's it I had to introduce to you A quick presentation It is very extensive We have a workgroup Within the chapter Brazil That we are going to activate this year And this meeting And this group I invite all of you to participate In this meeting On the wiki of the Rappledger I invite you to participate And we will discuss more Because I know it is a very extensive topic There are many things The idea was to make you curious So you can learn more And participate more in this community Ok, thank you Very good I want to say so much detail What I see We have all this rain The rain The incubator The hyperledger With so many options for us And the CPCD using several of them In this process We ask here For those who have any questions Some question for Fernando Please write here on the channel We will start A practical question In relation to LGPD Some of the largest companies In the world They live to donate Systems and products For users In exchange they end up Using the information Of these users And of course Because of this the laws LGPD and DPR And Autosoberana Can bring advantages Or even disadvantages In this process Great, great question Marcos Very good There is a very strong connection In LGPD and DPR With Autosoberana's identity First of all In my opinion Autosoberana's identity is a little above LGPD When you implement that Interoperability You have it beyond LGPD Because to begin Autosoberana's identity It does not have the obstacles That you can find in LGPD It is for everyone the same So it is a very elegant way That you can leave Your company with LGPD However You as a verifier You as an emitter That ends up having access to your personal data So you can make a verification By controlling everything carefully That the security of the information That the good practices of LGPD Bring with these data Amazinate them correctly In a anonymized way Preferably in a separate base Of the other data That you have from the company Or from other cadastres So if you do not have an ID While a verifier or an emitter You will deal with these data But from the user's perspective He must have control He must have a feeling That he can have his existence While a person who has personal data You can understand In a very clear and objective way Very good I will start with the first question Here Of André Fernandes That put here in the group About the FNAID Was something that the financial system Is already experimenting Well, FNAID He came out of the lift as a POC But a lot has already evolved in FNAID André, I can not say All the things we are doing here Unfortunately with FNAID But we have talked a lot With the financial sector Demonstrated a lot Making some tests, validations Of FNAID Inside this sector That has been very promising But it is already evolving For a MVP But we are starting to validate The values he intends To bring to the system Very cool Guilherme asks me Now Fernando, do you think that a massive adoption Should start From the public sector Or private or PPP And then I add to my question If suddenly in a massive adoption You could have several edges Interoperating with each other Together with the question This is a very good part Very gratifying Because of the protocol Of the standards that are being defined With W3C And ETF Interoperability is a more viable thing So you can do this Interoperability Because at the moment you are using The same cryptographic functions The same standards for you to do this You can have a network of networks For example, a sovereign That will have the public transactions Or a government network And then you can have other smaller Networks here For example, the bank network With its customers What he needs to do To make digital signatures With that specific bank And then another network is in the other You can do this encoding Even with the Indie itself In my opinion, the PPP Is the best way Because you make a digital identity That only uses for public services It ends up not being so useful To the eyes of the common man Of the average man That the guy who also needs To authenticate in e-commerce But when you put the public sector You put a very valuable layer of trust In this network And then the private services That are passing through your identity He begins to look at this With a better perspective When he trusts more in that And this adoption of this protocol Is a simple way to achieve this Perfect Marco Jardim asks Is there any kind of cost To make us verifiers, emissaries Etc Cool, it depends A lot on the truth that you will have If you will adopt a platform To do this, you will have a service In general, there are some costs That you can find on the blockchain The blockchain network For example, let's talk about an example Of a network that is already running for more than a year In the centralized city To make a registration of a credential You pay a few dollars I think up to 50 dollars To make a definition of a credential But a definition of a credential With it, you can generate millions of credentials You have to pay nothing more for that And verify millions of credentials Of course, there is a cost of operation Generally You have a cost to do operation Of your verifier or your emissary The verifier is usually much smaller The emissary is a little bigger because of the transactions That he has to do on the blockchain network And also the responsibility that this guy has Because when he is submitting If you submit a credential that people do not trust It does not have value Because this will only start to have value When you have confidence involved in it Cool, cool Glambert is starting to study Altisloberana And he asks the question What is the difference between IDD and digital certification And what are the problems of the digital certification That the IDD treats Cool Great question, Glambert Very cool, let's go Digital certification brought great advances In the identification part But it also has some problems We have chronic problems For example Digital certification It has few verified attributes There is no, for example, my profession There is no, for example, my relationship With whom I am married There is no other information like my address The address is corrected In fact For example, my health portfolio Is not in my digital certificate And worse When these information are in your digital certificate And you use your digital certificate Everyone will know that Your digital certificate is yours The data is in the public They are available in the certificate authority Because when it was created back there This concept of privacy was not so well elaborated They were worried They were worried to create a token Who had that token In fact, that person The digital certificate So it has this limitation Both from the point of view of privacy From the point of view of flexibility You create customized certificates It is very expensive to do this I even tried in the past to create a certificate Which is a standard for that But it didn't work, it didn't go forward In addition, the digital certificate Is centralized To be able to do validation The verification of that certificate You need to consult an authorized certificate While here you have a decentralized blockchain You don't consult anyone You have an authentication Through a central organ Instead of that You consult the blockchain This is the great gain That decentralized identity Is much cheaper For you to have an idea That in Brazil we have less than 3 million Of physical people with digital certificates It worked well for legal people Not so much for physical people It didn't work Juliano makes a question Juliano, I'll leave your question to the end He asks how to interact more With this community initiative Because we here From the Hyperledger group We will also talk How to interact in the hyperledger community Brazil Moving on to Luiz Maciel He asks Why there are several identities Like Finadi and Regconadi Why there is not only one Identity developed for you Cool We are testing A very new concept Luiz, think about it Blockchain was a new thing Blockchain started with Bitcoin In 2014 There was the first smart contract implementation In 2016 the Hyperledger entered And in 2018 They started the first versions That you can do the pocs On top of the hyperledger identity We have a lot of brilliant minds Discussing The hyperledger community is privileged In this aspect We are discussing about it In the Hyperledger groups But we also need to verify The value of this identity And some singular transactions Where we are in the MVP We are taking specific things I'm testing this In an agro business For the pecuarista I'm testing this for electronic prescription I'm testing this in the financial sector For the portability of the financial sector We are in this variation It is predicted in the reports we have Read and we have had access There is a very interesting owner That he says that in the beginning This is exactly it, experimentation Digital cards for specific purposes And then an evolution for a unique passport Where you will have a unique identity But one important thing Identity is unique, but not the credentials I have a physical credential I have a ticket to the cinema A ticket to the theater I have a credential here for the company And the set of this identity Symbolizes me Identifies me as a unique person Fernando, this next one is difficult Mateus from the University of Bahia The Federal University of Bahia He gives you the parabens Considering the scenario Totally decentralized And the triangle theorem of Zoco It is impossible to guarantee everything at the same time So how to make this challenge This is a product This is a product No, this is Let's see if I can answer it How do you guarantee everything at the same time There is some You can't guarantee everything at the same time What can you do It is a very interesting thing The following When an emissor, let's say I am now an emissor I register myself as an emissor of a credential I am DETRAN I register myself as an emissor of a credential I have a cop, for example And he synchronizes this ledger In his car A small ledger For more than a billion of credentials The idea is that she gets very small He synchronizes this in his car I am going to my city of Natal I am going to Garça There is no connection When this cop stops me He will ask me to present this credential I am as a credential in my device He also has no connection When I present it to him He has the ledger synchronized Even though I have Just received the credential And he was already in an area That does not have synchronization His ledger does not have a synchronization There is no problem Because he already has information of this emissor And I can use this credential Even in these circumstances And prove that I am me That the credential was DETRAN And that everything is right with her And everything is fine Everything is fine What can happen is The DETRAN in this region Revoke my credential In fact, he will not be able to take the credential But you have several ways to mitigate this India is ready to mitigate this Very good We are getting close to our time I am going to ask two more questions So we can finish He is here Marco Jardim Marco Jardim asks This identity is decentralized Because eventually I have to pay A central entity to have the possibility To emit this identity In this network How this is so decentralized Show, ball show Then it is all decentralized That this business model As long as you pay for a credential To be issued If you will pay If the business model will be the verifier Eventually you will have to pay Because it is decentralized In this world You can't forget the emitters The emitters also have their business model Maybe they emit the credential For free There is a premium version Of this credential Depends a lot on the business model Of the seller The last question Coming directly from the YouTube live Leonardo Oliveira I have heard a lot about the Sovereign network It is a platform It is necessary to be on this network There are others like IBM and Microsoft A company can have A bank to build their own network Yes, you are here Using the Rappader Indie Sovereign is a Rappader Indie You can or not use Sovereign You can have a private and permissioned Indie You can have a consortium In Indie Or you can have public permissioned Indie In the case of Sovereign This is the definition of the solution As you are doing But it is very important The interoperability You allow your identity to be used You also accept identities Of other ecosystems Very good Here we analyze How a question became relevant How to develop in this community How to be part, create your network Learn I like to develop I am already asking What kind of programming language do you use If you use what you did In the U.S. How to develop In this community Today There are two communities that I recommend For you to access While developers of identity solutions The first one is the Rappader Eris A group that is very strong A group that is big The British Columbia The first application In production using the Rappader Indie For legal persons In the British Columbia In Canada And the Rappader Indie Where you have sensational presentations Of the main heads That define the protocols Of decentralized identity Last week there was a spectacular From Drummond Ridge Of the identity of the Alto Soberana There, Volta 1000 against Fiwindra These kinds of people are all there And it is a very accessible group It has Slack, the Rappader Eris channel And there you can Put questions Of how you add the library In your project There is a component, speaking in language Of programming, which is very cool Because I am his fan That is Eris Cloud Edge Python Known as Acapai And that entered with active status Within the community In a short time Can be used as a service As an institutional agent For example, I want to make an agent Acapai, that you can do A mission very quickly You just develop your application And integrate into a PayRest It is developed in Python And you can develop, inject The Python code inside your business Or you can develop your business With this Acapai I think Fernando Yeah, the connection of Fernando Fernando, you want to continue Talking about how to interact With the community Yeah, I put some messages In our chat So there are the links Fernando has returned, Fernando You want to finish your message Just these groups Inviting people to access In Slack, enter In the middle list There is a lot of nice trade Of these challenges and doubts And participate, people My invitation is for you to participate In this group Perfect, I was commenting that I left The links in the chat Come in contact with us There is our link of the IPL of Brazil In LinkedIn too On Monday When I and Marcos Let's talk about The scenario of the Hyperledia Together with a special guest So don't miss it, sign up On the Meetup And all are welcome Fernando, thank you very much It's always good to hear from people Who are very involved Even the meat involved In this kind of technology And I hope to contact you Thank you all, Fernando Just thank you for everything That we learned a lot With you For me it was a great lesson So very good I also thank Karen Otone Of the Hyperledia That organized this David, we really appreciate everything You've done so far for us Our support and everything Thank you From Hyperledia Fernando, once again thank you Thank you It was a pleasure Thank you Dave See you on Monday See you


Today, we're building the nicest PC you have ever seen. So if you've ever seen my videos before, then you know I'm a better storyteller than a PC builder. But today, we're combining both of those skills to make something amazing. Like the title says, we're building a PC for an offline TV member. In case you don't know, offline TV is a group of content creators that came together in 2017 that now live together and create content together. It was one of, if not the first group of well-established content creators that came together to make something that was bigger than their individual brands. And while the numbers may not say that, the culture and precedent that they have created for entertainment online has set the standard for a lot of people getting into gaming and streaming today. Okay, so which member are we building this for? Well, a lot of times I'm up late and I'm actually editing videos, so I'll have a stream set to the side of me. I play a lot of League, and specifically I play AD Carry, but no one really streams AD Carry at 4am in the morning. Well, no one except Yvonne. The first time I clicked on her stream, I thought, oh, we both play AD Carry. And then the more I watched, I realized, oh, we don't play AD Carry the same. Last year, Yvonne ranked in the top 0.05% of players for League of Legends. I ranked 2, and that's all I'm going to say about that. Anyways, it was during one of her streams when I heard her say that she actually plays and streams off of an older pre-built PC. This is someone who streams to thousands of people. How are you using a pre-built PC? Well, since she is the highest ranked player in her house, our goal now is to try and give her the nicest PC. Oh, I love this storm. Okay, so obviously this video is sponsored by Micro Center, but just so you don't think I'm some massive sellout, there is a huge fact that you need to understand. We have all the parts pre-picked out for this build, and it is actually cheaper for me to drive down from Las Vegas to this Micro Center in California, pick up the parts, and go back than to get them at any other retailer, whether it's online or in-store. So, if you're in the market to either upgrade or build a new PC from scratch and you're not buying from Micro Center, you either hate money or have no idea what you're doing. And just as a heads up, Micro Center stores are still remaining open during the current COVID-19 crisis as an essential business to provide technology so that people can work and learn from home. They've implemented new operating procedures during this crisis just so you know that all of the customers that go to their stores are safe. With that said, let's go. Oh, I want it. It's so pretty. Okay, let's find John. Where's John? Last time I was here, John gave me free stuff. I want John. John? John! Last time I was here it was just after Black Friday and everything was gone. But it's all back, which means you can come down and buy it. You should come down and buy it. John, John, John. Where did John go? Excuse me. Is John working right now? Okay, perfect. Thank you. We just had to yoink him off break. No, dude, you're good. How are you? Good. Sorry, let me fix my tie. Sorry.  You know what? I heard and I was like, you know what? I don't even care. Okay, no, it's fine. It's fine. No, it's fine. Okay, so things are easier this time. I have a pre-picked list. Okay, what's in the list? If it's expensive, do you mind? Only if it's for me. We have to go. Right off the top of the head, 9900K, Okay, EVJ 2080 Super, the black, 16 gigs of RAM. I need to look at the rest on my phone. I love that I'm not paying for this. I don't get to keep it. I just get to play with it. Well, you can keep it, but we'll just keep it a secret. Super secret room. You're not supposed to, the camera's off the place. I'm supposed to know about this place. It's okay, the camera's definitely off. It's 100% off.  So we're going with the 3990X, right? Actually, we're here for an i9. Literally securing the bag. There she is. Okay. So yeah, can we get that 9900K? Like you said, we were going to, if you, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. So if you could just pick up that 9900K that you said you were going to get it out. Just curious why we didn't get it on about two. So we have very special plans. So we're actually going to be putting an SSD cover on this. And that's specifically why we went for the two and a half inch, because there's art that's going to be plastered on the front with RGB. So that's the plan. I like it. But the people watching this video aren't going to hear that yet, because they're not going to see it. Got to keep the audience retention up. Click away from this video, see what happens. So what goes next? Uh, next. Going to make our way to the next cell over here to get the motherboard. It's so pretty. Yeah. And it's so expensive. No, it's not. It's cheap and affordable, but. So graphics card? Graphics card next. Perfect. I'm not sure if they told you this, but I'm actually getting paid in three of these white RTX 2080TIs. Yeah, I'll get that out. Okay, perfect. Oh, right, right, right. No, I meant three of the Titans. My fault. My fault. That makes sense. We're getting the, let's see. Where is it? The 20 black? This 20Ti, where are we going? Perfect. Okay. Yeah. This is what we're looking for. My baby. What comes next? Do we get the RAM? The power supply. Okay, you see, if my mom made me push the cart when I was younger to get PC parts, I wouldn't have complained as much. We got this guy right here. Okay, so. But there's RGB. Why didn't you tell me they had an RGB option, John? Do you hate me, John? I'll just. Do you, do you want me to leave? I'll just resign. I'm sorry. Oh, here's, ah man, do it. It's compatible with Orsink? It is. I'm sorry. And then lastly, RAM? RAM. RAM. Okay, RAM. Try it and see it is. All right. So do we want to go with $3,600 or $3,200? Let's go with $3,600. Mine as well. Don't know if I have $3,600. This is the $3,200. Photoshop. We'll Photoshop it on there. It's fine. All right, cool. Perfect. I think almost every part has RGB. What are they going to make RGB CPUs? Well, last thing we need, I think, is case. And then we're done. Yeah. Yes. Okay, let's go. Oh man, there she is. These ones are big. I'm so excited for this. Probably the reason I like this so much is because we have plans for the art that's going to be put front, potentially back. There's a lot going on. So I'm really excited for this. That's why I wanted the two and a half inch because we want to get kind of their name and their branding and that SSD. So I'm excited for it. All right, where do we go? Next. Your credit card and your car keys. Perfect. Thank you so much. So you might be thinking, wait, how come you're not building the PC or where's the cooler? Where's the build?  And I mean that, which means we are not even close to done. There are a hell of a lot more modifications in art that we have to go through. So keep watching. Okay, so we just got back from the drive all the way from Micro Center so we got back from the drive and we have everything here. This place is a mess. I need to clean up, but we have all of the PC parts on the couch right now. We are going to get organized and we have all of the modifications for this build from V1 Tech. I didn't talk about them enough, but all of the modifications, the custom RGB backplate, the custom cables, the beautiful everything you're going to see on this computer was made possible by V1 Tech. Check out their website V1Tech.com. I'm having it on the screen right now. They have a ton of stuff for sale. If you use my discount code Yee, you will get a good percentage off of whatever you choose to purchase. Please check them out. We have the front panel casing. We have this. I'm not going to show you everything right now. So in case you don't know, we are actually running late. I, in case you don't know by now, am a live streamer on Twitch. What I mean by that is this build is going to be done in front of a live audience. If you don't know about my streams or if you've never been to them before, we do a lot of goofing around. Why did you do it so hard? The person that stole my anti-depressants. I hope you're happy. We also do a lot of PC tech related stuff. It's a bunch of everything. If you're looking for a fun time, click the link in the description. Give me a follow. Come check it out when I go live. All kinds of stuff happens on there. On top of that, if you have any questions or concerns or anything about your PC, or stuff like that, that's also a place where you can get some answers. Anyways, so we are going to go ahead and clean up this ginormous mess and we're going to get started with the stream and this build. Graphics card cable, am I flying? Okay, so the stream went great. I finished off the build and off camera. I installed windows, the drivers, and gave that CPU cooler the finishing touch it needs to bring it all together. But you don't get to see that yet. You get to be surprised with Yvonne. We are about to head over to the OTV house and see what she thinks of the finished PC. All right, you ready to see this thing? Yeah. It is special. No one's ruined the surprise yet, have they? Nope. Okay, perfect. Okay, so here's what I want to see. Can we first take a look at your computer? Oh, sure. Because I want to actually know the comparison of what we're going to before and after. Then I can give you a little breakdown. No, not the Delphi belt. Oh my gosh, no. High seven. Okay, so you at least had an 8700K. It could have been worse. All right, here. I will let you do the honors. Let's see. I put it here somewhere. Here right here. After you. So something that I tried to keep in mind with the artist is you told me that you had one little bit. You said that you had your interest in not only Sailor Moon, but as well as a little bit of Star Guardian Ziya and your color scheme. So we worked actually with the same artist that helped create the offline TV season three poster. So we got Sierra stay involved. So we try to incorporate all of that into one polished finish look. How do we do this tonight? This will be a little bit difficult. There we go. Hold on, please. There we go. All right. This is the finished product. We saved. Oh, but we saved the best part for you, though. You got to do the peel. What do you think? You haven't even seen the best part. What do you think? So, this is so nice. So when I was talking to Sierra stay, what we were trying to do is we wanted to get something that kind of pulled together your passion for Sailor Moon as well as kind of create the epicness of what it looks like when you're going into game. And then here on the graphics card in the front, we have more of when you hit in the peepo sleep. And if you pay close attention here at the tip of the graphics card and at the top tip of there, you actually see a little reference to the Star Guardian feathers. So that's the little wink design that we have in there. We want to take up too much, but we got the Sailor Moon art at the top. This is so pretty. Do you want to see it turned on? Yeah. All right. Let's plug it in. I forgot the power cable. So we're yonking the one from her PC. Hopefully she didn't save any work or hopefully she did save a work. That is so creepy. Oh my god. This is so good. Right up at the top. Go for it. My god. Do you see the rainbow? Let's see. That one should take a second to work and then when it registers, come on. I know you need to turn it on first. Then it should get there. This is so cool. And the best part is with the remote, actually, you can change it to whatever color you want. Oh the, this one up? Yeah. So if you want to change the colors, you choose whatever you want. There's different modes. There's different speeds. There's different brightness. Do you mind if I'd get your keyboard real quick? Because there's something I want you to see there. If I press enter and it logs in, there's no password on it. It'll show you something. Oh, did it actually, did it do it? There we go. Yeah, that's what I wanted. That's what I wanted you to see. Oh my god. Wait, how did you do that? A lot of time. A lot of faces. But it's like, yeah. So basically the entire breakdown is, so we have SSD covers here. This is where Windows 10, all your programs are going to be stored. You have one terabyte of space. If you ever need an upgrade or anything in the future, it's pretty simple. I can DM you how to do it or have someone do it for you. Graphics card backplate. Inside you have a GeForce RTX 2080 graphics card. I have no idea what you're working with before. I actually am interested to check, but there should never be a frame drop ever again in any game that you'll be playing, at least for the next three years. Inside the under the cooler, which is that, that's what that is. I know it just looks like Sailor Moon. It is a Intel i9-9900K. So it's got eight cores, 16 threads. So no matter what you choose to stream off of, there should never be a frame drop ever again. Of course you have the custom cables, purple and white. I thought to kind of tied the whole purple and white thing together. 32 gigabytes of RAM, so that should be good for at least three Chrome tabs. That is... Anything else? You know, I dropped to 40 frames now when I played a stream leak. I noticed. So that shouldn't happen ever again. Anything else in here? I mean, this is a 360 millimeter AIO. So I know you probably don't know anything about overclocking, but if you ever chose to push this or ask anyone to do it for you or if you need help doing it, it should never get hot. Nothing in here should ever reach anywhere near the heat. You've got, I think a total of seven fans in here, but it should stay pretty moderately quiet. Oh my God. Assuming you mostly play leak anyways. So, yeah. That's the entire build. That's very occasional. And there's plenty of room to upgrade. If you ever need more space, you have one, two, three, four. Both of those are unused for different terabyte spaces. So, best part is, if you ever do want to change that, you can. So any GIF, any GIF, as long as you size it correctly, really? It can go on there. If you ever want to, what was it? Get rid of that Dell pre-built. I would just hopefully encourage you to do it. I mean, that is the time. Like do I want that or do I want this? I'm pretty sure I want this. Thank you so much. This was fun. This was a fun project. It took a lot of time, but I'm really excited about it. Like actually finally seeing it. Anyways, that is the end of the video. I know it was long, but thank you guys so much for watching. I hope you enjoyed seeing this build and this PC. Huge thank you to Yvonne for letting me take on this project. She just started a YouTube channel. I'll have it linked below. Please go subscribe and check her out. But anyways, I hope you guys found this video creative, entertaining, or informative, in any way, shape, or form. Buy stuff from Micro Center. And as always, I hope you have a great day.


Hi, my name is Mary Mahler and today I am going to be giving a presentation on aggregatable distributed key generation. This is a joint work with Covey, Philip, Sarah, Gillard and Alan. And the idea is that we want to be able to generate keys in a way which is non-interactive and in a way where we are able to communicate as little information as possible over peer-to-peer channels. Our main contributions are fourfold. First, we have a new construction of a DKG. Second, we have a new construction of a fully structure preserving the UF, otherwise known as a unique signature scheme. And this signature scheme has been designed to work well with DKG. We have also presented some new DKG definitions. I don't know how many of you are familiar with the literature on DKG definitions, but generally speaking, you... they are a hard thing to define because you have to talk about how key generation might work, despite the fact that you don't necessarily know what scheme the key is going to be used in. And we also look into the proving techniques which are being used in DKGs, and we find a way that we are able to show that our DKG is secure, despite the fact that we only have one round of communication and that the output of our DKG is not completely random. So being able to use our new proving techniques in order to get security even in this setting means that we are able to come up with a more efficient construction. For those of you who don't know, a distributed key generation algorithm is a means to generate a public key in a way where nobody knows the secret key, so in a way it's a trusted setup. But still such that if you want to do some kind of operation such as encryption or signing, then as long as enough people are participating, then there is enough secret shared information between them that they are able to generate something which will verify with respect to the shared public key. So classic places where they used all the time is for threshold encryption and for threshold signatures. With threshold encryption, you want to decrypt something in a database, you maybe don't trust just one person to decrypt because maybe that one person could be corrupted and maybe the information is very important. So here you would say that we need at least two out of three people in order to be able to decrypt the information. It also comes up in, in verifiable elections all the time. Another situation where distributed key generation algorithms are used is in threshold signatures. So here we want to authorize an action of the action that you might want to authorize might, for example, be that we want to have some kind of key which is storing lots of crypto funds. In this situation, we maybe don't want that to trust our secret key just with one party because because that one party might then go and steal all the money, but maybe we're okay to trust a group of people say, but equally, we still want it to be the case that if we're not able to communicate with everybody whom we've interested shares of the secret key with we can still participate this is why T might be less than N. So there are alternative situation alternative ways in which you can generate threshold signatures largely just by having you need to have seven out of 10 signatures in order to sign would be a classic a situation where this really doesn't work is with randomness beacons. The reason here being that if we want to have a good source of randomness, then we really need there to be a fixed output, which is not known to any party in advance but any party can compute if enough parties can compute if enough of them can collaborate. So if you don't know the public key in advance, then, as in you don't know who's going to participate, then this would cause you a problem because the output would be different depending on what the public key. So, situations where we might want to randomness beacons is in consensus protocols, certainly this has come up in DFINITY, this has come up in Ethereum 2.0, this has been part of the League of Entropy, who produced the randomness beacons that we can ground have been studying for a long time. And it can solve problems in consensus protocols where you might have a rushing adversary that might play last, and by playing last, although they're able to not fully able to influence what the output of the hashes, maybe they can hash something 10, 20 times until they get the outcome which is most favorable to them, and then submit their output. And this is something which can have really bad effects on a consensus protocol where you might, for example, be electing the leader for the next round. If you have an rushing adversary that can affect the randomness, maybe they always make sure that one of their corrupted nodes is the leader in the next round, so they can prevent progress from happening. And that's just a good situation. The way in which one way, I should say, there are other ways, but one very effective way for building a random beacon is to have a unique threshold signature. So this is a signature where T out of N parties must compute the signature, but also such that you always have the same signature output on any given message. The classic algorithm that you would use for a unique threshold signature is BLS. In this work, we're not going to be able to cover BLS signatures, we need the output of ADKG to be a group element rather than a field element, so BLS will just not work. What we do provide is an alternative signature which will work with ADKG and also satisfies the uniqueness property, it's also has many of the same properties as BLS. We've got short signatures, we have that the signatures can be aggregated together fairly easily. In essence, it looks very similar to BLS. However, our secret key is a group element and therefore will work with ADKG. I've been talking about DKGs a lot as a means to have a shared secret which can then be used as part of a public key. Many of you might be thinking this sounds very similar to secret sharing, it is. In fact, every DKG that I know of is essentially a secret sharing scheme that's just with many participants such that you don't have a single trusted dealer. You have many trusted dealers and when you put them all together, you get an NBC such that no single person needs to be trusted. A classic secret sharing scheme that you would base your DKG on would be the Feldman VSS. We're not using the Feldman VSS, we are using the Scrape VSS and this was really the scheme that inspired our final result. The advantage about our scheme over many of the other schemes in the literature is that we have new complaints reports. And the DFINITY would refer to this property as being a non-interactive DKG. We're able to just have every participant generate the stuff which they want to be able to use in order to have, want to be able to use in the protocol, to encrypt all of the information which should be secret under the relevant secret keys and send that out, and then they are done. Nothing else happens. We are also able to do this fairly, well, very efficiently. The reason for that is going to be because we can aggregate our transcripts, which I will talk more about later. But because we can aggregate, rather than having to do lots of very heavy broadcast rounds, we're instead able to do lots of very lightweight gossip rounds and only broadcast the final results at the end, which essentially means we're able to have a non-interactive DKG, which rather than having your information sent over your peer-to-peer channels being n squared is instead n log squared n. So this will make a huge difference practically, we believe, if it gets implemented. And certainly theoretically you can already see that there is a breakthrough here. We have implemented the actual algorithms of our DKG, not the gossip protocol, but the dealing, the verification and we have that the transcript size is linear in the number of parties. The process of verification is linear, the dealing is linear, everything is linear. We think we could even improve these numbers further if we were to use schnaw signatures rather than BLS signatures, but the BLS signatures made our security proof a little bit easier. So it was a bit cheeky there and decided to go with the easy proof rather than the fastest scheme, which possibly, possibly implementers won't thank me for. The downsides of our scheme, I've mentioned this already, the secrets of that we're generating our group elements. Therefore, if we want to use anything that looks like alkymal encryption, we're only going to be able to. The reason we've done this is because we are going to be using something that looks a lot like alkymal encryption and alkymal encryption cannot encrypt filled elements efficiently. This does not affect our ability to apply our results to random beacons, it's still just as applicable to random beacons because we do have that unique threshold signature that will work with our scheme. We call our unique threshold signature a BUF, that's because it's a verifiable unique function, and in order to get the randomness at the end you're going to have to hash it. Our proof size is two group elements, BLS is one group element where price is big. Verifier computation is three pairings. So this is only a little bit more expensive than BLS, but I should also add a caveat being that when we want to derive our unique value at the end, we're also going to have to compute three more pairings. So the starting point for our BUF I would say was trying to have a BLS signature, but we're going to have that the output is in the target group, rather than in a source group. Our signature doesn't include any target group elements I should, I want to say very clearly now, but our unique element is going to be that target group elements. What we're going to do is we prove that we have the element will be well formed when you put the proofs together in the way that we have prescribed in the paper. I mentioned earlier that our DKG has no complaints around and that this is a really, really big benefit. I want to elaborate on that. So in a party with a complaint, in a DKG with a complaints round, which is how most classic DKGs in the literature work. You're going to have at least two rounds. And the first round, every party is going to generate a contribution to the public and secret keys. Then every party is going to broadcast their contribution to the public key, and such that all parties agree on what these contributions are going to be. And then here's where the fun starts, because there wasn't necessarily an efficient way to encrypt the secret key contributions over public channels. Instead, what they do is it's in the name of private channels. But the problem with this is if you send something over a private channel, then there's no way to prove that you didn't send it. You did send it, but the thing that you sent was wrong. Well, that you could prove, but if you didn't send anything at all, then say party two party one did not send anything to party two. There's no way that party two can convince party three of this beyond reasonable doubt. What we have to do is we have to engage in a complaints round party two is going to broadcast a complaint, but party three isn't going to initially believe them. Instead, what will happen is they're going to set broadcast a complaint, and then party one has a fixed amount of time in order to publish the secret key that was supposed to be sent to party two. And if they don't send it within that time, then party one gets eliminated. And there's all sorts of ways in which this becomes difficult to manage. And in order to make sure that it works, you're going to need a very long delay between your rounds. There's also a larger tap surface as quite a lot of things that can go wrong with this sort of communication structure. And another possibly less vital flaw, but still still causes a problem is that if you have a party that momentarily goes offline. If you receive their share from party one, even though it was sent, then that party can no longer participate in the protocol. They're essentially a dead party who will not be useful. The way we avoid this is we just encrypt everything over a public channel such that we can prove that the encryptions are correct. The party sends a bad encryption of the secret shares and everybody will know because it went past verification. And this, and when I say that everybody will know. I mean that everybody, everybody will know including parties who don't participate in the digital. So it's externally verifiable when we're encrypting every single message sent from every party to every party. The consequence of this is that we would get something that is quadratic sized so we'd end up needing to send n squared messages. In order to avoid having to send n squared messages, which is, is a lot. What we do is we use the fact that our DKG is aggregatable. So we have an encryption of all of the secrets which are sent from party one to all of the other parties. One, two and three and four and five. We can combine all of these transcripts into a single transcript. That is the same size as any, any of the individual five transcripts before we essentially compressing down that information encrypting every secret. That means that there are large messages. I said that previously. As I say, aggregated messages are the same size as a single message. So we're able to make sure that things increasingly get smaller. As we're spreading the bigger transcripts over the over the network. So this is broadcasted all of the transcripts this wouldn't help us really that what we're going to do is we're going to gradually send the transcripts and aggregate then send the transcript again and aggregate and aggregation supports this. It is okay to aggregate two, three, four, five, six times as many times as you need. It doesn't matter which order in which you aggregate the transcripts. So for example if you end up with a transcript which is the third and the fourth party which are pushed together. Then if you want to aggregate that with something with the first and the third party, even though the third party has already contributed, you can still compress those together and it won't cause any trouble at all. So this doesn't work for you. If you're in a situation where you can't use our aggregatable structure in order to then gossip the communication in order to make sure that everything is really small. Our techniques for proving our DKG is secure are also applicable to the Pedestrian DKG for certain applications, not every application, but it will work for BLS and it will work for Algamal. And we proved this in the paper. This proof for BLS was a gap in the literature before, despite the fact that people are actually using this scheme in practice. So we thought that was fairly important to provide. You will still need to do the complaints around, but at least if the complaints around goes well and you figured out a good way to do it, then it will be the case that the scheme itself is secure. Okay, best paper award went to the attack on this, by the way, is that with Schnor threshold signatures, you need to be fairly careful there are some fairly old results in the literature which have been broken to the point where you can break it in seconds if you have a concurrent adversary, probably less than that if your implementation isn't in Python. So the work just at the end of my talk is we have shown that some newer schemes in the literature, namely for us, is concurrently secure under the one more discrete logarithm assumption. This paper uses proven techniques which are very similar to the work to the techniques in this paper. In that paper there are also random oracles in play which are programmable. So it's not exactly the same, but I would say that it is inspired. But to conclude, ADKG is publicly verifiable it is aggregatable and it does not have complaints arounds. We can use gossip communication to reduce, we can use gossip to reduce communication, and we can build random beacons using ADKG and WF. These techniques are highly applicable to other schemes. Thank you very much.


A fiery horse with a speed of light, a cloud of dust and a hearty hail, silver, the lone ranger. Music With his faithful Indian companion, Tato, the masked rider of the planes led the fight for law and order in the early western United States. The stories of his strength and courage, his daring and resourcefulness have come down to us through the generations, and nowhere in the pages of history can one find a greater champion of justice. Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear. From out of the past come the thundering hoofbeats of the great horse, Silver, the lone ranger rides again. Come on, Silver, faster, boy, faster. I will, Silver, fly! The fluid blackness of a moonless night formed an ideal background for the group of horsemen that rained up sharply on the hill overlooking the border town of Santos. It was a motley and ill-assorted crew. Turk, Cheeto, Gus, Doc, and the two Chandler boys, Bill and Johnny, six outlaws with but one thing in common.  When years gone by, many an outlaw, an honest man, too, had heard the soft monotonous whistle a few seconds before death had struck from the muzzle of one of the Whistler's guns. It served the same purpose as the dry and toneless rustle of a rattlesnake. Well, there it is, you ombres. Town of Santos, ready and waiting for us. What's the matter with you? Speak up. One day we'll speak up. I've got nothing to say, Doc, that you haven't all heard before. I just think we'll be taking too big a chance if we try to crack that bank in Santos. We're doing all right running horses across the border. Why should we try something that's right?  I figured you'd want to be in on it. Especially if you knew the name of the sheriff in this counten. What do you mean? The sheriff of Santos is an ombre named Martin Todd. Todd? He was sneaking a lawman who shot down your old man in El Paso five years ago. Is that right, Bill? That was his name. Martin Todd. Thought you and your kid brother promised your pa you'd cut this critter down first chance you get. We did. And he's rotting the law down there in Santos. Still got any objections to blowing that safe? All I want is to get within gun range of that Todd critter. Let's go. Kind of figured you'd change your mind. All right, this is a payout. A circle of town right in the south. Turk, you and Cheeto and Bill spring the back door of the bank. Gus has a blast in powder. He'll blow the safe. You three help him. See, Doc, you and Johnny cover the front of the place. You're ready to help the boys when they come out. I'll keep a look out across the street in front of the feed store. As long as you don't hear them from me, everything's all right.  See. All right, let's ride. Where is this bank they're talking about? Right side of the street. We better leave the horses here. Yeah, come on. Café right across the street next to the feed store. Too dark to see. Wonder if the whistler's over there. Sure he is. He's got a spotter, don't worry. Dark inside the bank, too. Can't see Bill or Turk or Cheeto. What are we supposed to do now? Whistler. That means... Somebody's coming. We've got to warn the boys. Guess there must be somebody coming down the street. It wouldn't be whistling unless there is. They went to save. It's too late now. Break the glass in that window. Warn the boys. Yeah. Hey, what's going on over there? Bill, Turk, see you. Come on. An explosion was in the bank. Now who's supposed to be blowing the safe? Sheriff's in the café. I'll get him. Hey, Sheriff, bank robbery. Come on, Bill. Where's the whistler? Don't worry about that. It's every man for himself. Come on. There he is, Sheriff. In front of the bank. Let him have it, men. Put him down. The street's blocked. We've got to shoot our way through. Come on. Where's Bill? Where's my brother? Haven't seen him since the explosion. What's the matter, kid? You hit him? No, Doc. Come on. I'll make it some way. It was less than an hour later that Dan Reed urged his horse along a trail south of Santos. Earlier that day, he'd ridden to a nearby county seat to pick up mail. Now, although it was almost midnight, he was hurrying back to camp with the Lone Ranger and Tonto were waiting for him. Come on, Victor.  Hey, wait! Rain down! Wait a minute! This is where you get off and I get on. A gun? I hate to do it, kid, but I need transportation. I need a bat. Come on. Wait a minute. I don't know who you are. Naturally, with that gun, you can steal my horse if you want to. You're wasting time. Now get off of there. I can see there's something wrong with your right arm. Well, you can hardly hold that gun straight. An accident. I'll have it fixed. If you try to ride Victor that way, you won't get very far. If you want to get to a doctor, I'll take you. We can ride double. Might not be such a bad idea at that. Make better time. Sure we would. You might not like the place I'm going. The kind of friends I've got. What difference does that make? You're hurting. You have to get home. I'll help you. Here. Put your foot in a stirrup and give me your left hand. Well, I'll... I saw a kid like you before.  Don't forget it. But give me your hand. Now, which way do we head? Straight west, in the Mesquite Valley. Hold tight. Come on, Victor. That's it. The cabin right over there with a light in it. Oh, oh, Victor, hold on. Johnny. Cheeto. Where's Bill and Doc? Inside. Who's this kid? A friend of mine. Are you worth? My horse was shot. I'm all right. Just a scratch. Bill, is he... Doc is with him. You better hurry. I'll be right back, kid. Wait for me. Sure. Well, it's me, Johnny. This is the wind-up, Johnny. That lawman, Martin Todd, beat me to the showdown. Just like it did with Pa. Back and out faster. No, Bill, it's not... Let me finish. Not much time. Johnny, promise me something, will you? Anything, Bill. For my sake and for Pa. Get that badge toward her, Martin Todd. Promise me you'll put a slug through that sneak and... I promise. I'll get Todd if it's the last thing I ever do. Thanks, Johnny. Bill. That's Sorrow, Johnny. He's gone. Hey. Parsi, the trail is coming up on both sides. Quick. Got that light. We're getting out of here. How can we leave Bill here without... Don't hurt me. Soul bones move. I'm not going to leave. I'm staying with my brother. That's what you think. Cheetah, put out the light. See? Now, listen to me earlier. The law is closing in. There's only four of us left. Our best chance is to ride through them. We make it. We'll meet in Cedar Breaks, outside the ridge. If you keep waiting outside, you'll come with Johnny. What? Who's that? Well, I had to get here someway. Wei laid this kid on the trail. All right. I don't know who he is, but he goes with us. Remember, don't any of it try to run out on me. You all know enough to hang us all. Don't worry about Bill, Johnny. The law can't hurt a dead man.  All right, Cheetah, lead off. See? Hey, Shorty. Yeah? You didn't ask for this kid, but I guess by now you've got it figured out. Our only chance of getting out of here alive is to ride through those lawmen. I understand. Come on. That goes dark, Cheetah, and the whistle. Follow them, head south. No. Going back the way we came. Keep your head down and hang on. Come on, Victor. Golly. He's been shot. Faster, Victor, faster. He could have been about dead, Otto. He could have been back over an hour ago. Ah. Maybe him wait till moon rise. Find trail better. No, I don't think that. Listen. Not Victor. Dad. All right. Can he pass? Oh, Victor, hold on. Hold on. Dan, what's the matter? Who's that you're holding in the saddle? An outlaw. I don't know whether he's dead or alive. But I do know there's a sheriff's posse right behind him. Posse? You see, it happened this way. Never mind. You can explain later. The important thing to do now is lose that posse. Otto. Ah. Help Dan with this wounded man. Here's silver.  Steady, Victor. Ah. And what you do, Kim, I'm sorry. You've got to lead the posse away from here. Come on, silver. Come on, silver. Aided by the speed and stamina of his great horse, Silver, the Lone Ranger was able to elude the lawman's posse and return to the camp, where Dan was helping Toddled address the bullet wounds of Johnny Chandler. And later, feeling better now? What, uh, masked? Who are you? Who's the red skin? He's the man who dressed your wounds and brought you through a bad fever. Ah. You get well plenty fast now. Wearing a mask must be all hoots. Where's the kid I was riding with last night? I'm right here. It wasn't last night. It was three nights ago. You've been very sick, Johnny. I didn't know my name. People sometimes do a lot of talking under the influence of a high fever. Oh. I guess you know a lot about me. About Bill and Doc and the Whistler. Well, what you've said and what Dan has told me, I have a pretty good idea. Lucky thing I fell in with our hoots like you three, instead of lawman. Yes, it is. You'll have your strength back in a couple of days. Uh, we anywhere near the town is Santos. Just a few miles away. Good. I got a job to do down there. Kill Sheriff Todd? Keep a promise you made to your brother? How did you... I forgot. I must have talked about that, too. Johnny, have you ever considered the fact that two wrongs don't make a right?  Two wrongs don't make a... That's kid stuff. It's the truth. Your brother was an outlaw, so was your father. There's always a bullet at the end of an outlaw trail. Hey, what kind of talk is this?  I promised Bill I'd gun that Todd critter. And I will. Just as soon as I can walk out of here and meet him.  There's good stuff in you. You could only lose that warped idea about revenge. I'm killing Todd the minute I see him. Nobody's gonna stop me. Maybe. I have an idea if you could only see the other side, you might. What's that? Oh, nothing. Otto says that by tomorrow you'll be strong enough to take a little walk. Why don't you walk over by the bluff? You can rest there. Sure, why not? Sooner I get my strength back, the sooner I meet that law I'm a Todd. The curtain falls on the first act of our Lone Ranger story. Before the next exciting scenes, please permit us to pause for just a few moments. Now to continue our story. The following morning, Dan Reed accompanied Johnny Chandler on a short walk to the bluff overlooking the town of Santos. That's the place he was telling you about. Right near the bluff. Sure. Hey, why don't you walk over there with me? I can't. Todd Lone, I've got some work to do. See you later. All right. Yeah, that Dan's a funny kid. He serves the engine of the mass critter. I'm gonna think of it. I can't figure any of them out. Well, I guess they're just... Hello there. Girl, what are you doing here?  Isn't it lovely? Oh, yeah. Yeah, I guess so. But I'm glad to have company, someone to talk to. Do you live around here? I'm making camp with some friends of mine about half a mile down the slope. Won't you sit down? Well, yeah, I guess so. Oh, I'm sorry. This rock is highly big enough for two people to sit on, isn't it? Well, there's a bigger one right over there. Come on. No, I guess I'd better not. What's the matter? You're not afraid to sit alongside of me, are you? Of course not. Well, then come on. I can't. You see, I can't walk. Can't walk? I had an accident a few years ago. My legs won't move and... If you can't walk at all, how did you... Well, my dad brings me up here in a buckboard almost every day. Then he comes back to take me home. Gee. Sure sorry. The only thing to be sorry about is that I'm not sitting on that big rock so you'd have a seat too. Oh. I'm not very strong. I've been sick lately. But I'll bet I could carry you that far. Would you? Here we go. Thank you. This is much better, don't you think so? Yeah. What's your name? Laura. Laura Todd. Todd. You any kind... My father's a sheriff in Santos. Do you know him? No. No, I don't. Oh, you'd like dad. All men do. Except outlawed. I suppose so. This accident of yours. You mind telling me when and how it happened? Of course not. It was five years ago in El Paso, Texas. Dad was a sheriff down there too. One day some outlaws held up the bank and broad daylight. Mother and I were right across the street sitting in a buggy. When dad and his deputies discovered the holdup, there was a lot of shooting. Bullets were flying everywhere. What happened? Well, mother was killed. And one of the outlaws' bullets lodged in my back. Ever since then I... You haven't been able to walk. Gee, that's awful. Oh, it's not so bad. Since we moved to Santos, dad brings me up here almost every day. And I have lots of friends that I meet here. Tell me one more thing, Laura. Oh, what is it? Did your father tell you who those outlaws were on that bank job in El Paso? Were any of them killed? Well, just one. I think dad said his name was Chandler. It was a gang. The leader was a man who always whistles. Whistler? Yeah, I see. See what? Something a friend of mine has been trying to tell me for the past two days. Well, don't be so solemn about it. That reminds me.  It's Johnny. Johnny what? Why... Johnny Jones. Johnny Jones. I like it. Why, here's dad. I didn't expect to see him. Oh, oh there, oh there. You came to fetch you home a little early, Laura. I've got some... Dad, I want you to meet a friend of mine. This is Johnny Jones. Well, glad to know you, son. Yeah, I... I... Thanks. Your face looks kind of familiar. Have I ever seen you before? I don't think so. You must be mistaken, then. Just a minute, Laura. Let me, Mr. Todd. I'll carry her. Thank you, Johnny. Well, I've always figured that Laura had a lot of different friends. She meets up here in the bluff. But you were the first one I've ever seen. You'd be surprised, dad. Well, if they're all as nice as this young fella, I've gotten objections. Come on, get up there. Bye, Johnny. Bye.  Can you sign up, Montana? Uh, young fella, come now. Good. Well, Johnny, did you have a good walk? Yeah. Sure learned a lot of things. Is that so? Met a girl out there on the bluff. Laura Todd, sheriff's daughter. Yes, I know. Did you meet the sheriff, too? Yeah. And I didn't. I thought you'd change your mind. I've had everything figured wrong. All wrong. How can I... There's a friend of yours over there, Johnny. Been waiting for you. Hello, Johnny. Doc, where'd you come from? The Indian and Dan Reed found me yesterday morning hiding out east of here. Doc, I don't understand. You've shaved. You got on a clean shirt and a new suit. That was their idea, too. Maybe I can explain, Johnny. Dr. Barrett has decided to settle down here in Santos. The town needs a doctor. I've done some investigating, Dr. Barrett. I've discovered that not so many years ago you were one of the leading surgeons in the east. That was before I... I mean, liquor, it's called... It was before you met the whistler. Now you're through with him forever. I hope so. The best way to regain your surgical skill is on a job where you can't afford to fail. I don't understand. Then... There's a girl in Santos, daughter of the sheriff.  She can't walk. Laura. She needs your skill. Would you look at her? I'll do everything I can. I'm sure you will. Dan. Yeah? Take Johnny and the doctor to the sheriff's house. Talk to Laura first. Explain it to her. Then you can talk to the sheriff. Please, Dad. Let's do it. All right. And may heaven bless you, doctor. You too, Johnny, for making this possible. I... There's something you and Laura ought to know, sheriff. About me, I mean. I'm sure it can wait till later. Let's help Laura now. What do you need, doctor? Every lamp in the house. Bring them into the kitchen. I'll need all the light I can get. Right away. Come on, Johnny. Aren't you going to help? Sure. Sure I am. Down, Johnny. I know how you feel, but there's nothing else we can do. It's up to the doctor now. Doc will do it. I know he will. He's got to. He's got to. What's that? Sounds like somebody whistling. Yeah. Maybe it is. I'll go see. Wait. Why should you go? Because nothing. Nothing's going to interfere with what Doc's doing. You wait here, sheriff. I'll take care of it. Johnny. Cheeto. I thought I heard the... You did, Johnny. I'm right here. What do you want? So you and Doc are going to double-cross me, huh? No, we're not. Cheetos had you covered. He saw you came for those owl hoots up by the bluff. Saw you talking to the girl, getting chummy with a sheriff. Gonna tell everything you know, is that it? Well, I'm gonna plug you and then go and then take care of that saw boons. Put up your hands. No. No, you can't disturb Doc now. He's busy. Yeah, not too busy for a bullet. You can gun me if you want to, but please, please stay out of that house.  I don't care what you do to me, but... Start walking. When you get out there about 10 feet, I'm gonna give you the same thing I gave your brother. Bill, you mean you... Sure, I gunned him. I could eat stuffed lawman's bullets when they missed I didn't.  Oh! What the... Don't worry, Johnny, I just shot he's gunned away. Hello, get Cheetos guns. No, you don't. Get him. What's this? What's going on out here? Keep them covered, Johnny. Turn them over to the sheriff. Sure. Adios. Come on, Toto Dan. Johnny, what's the meaning of this? It's the Whistler Sheriff, the Whistler and Cheeto. Yes, you're right. But how did you... And there's something else I might as well tell you right now. Doc and me are the other two outlaws you're looking for. Get it. It's all right. I'm sure it is. Thank heaven. And she's coming out of the courtroom now. And I'm sure she'll be... What is this? Doctor, I'm already in your debt. But will you do something else for me? Of course. Here. Hold a gun on these varmints while Johnny and I go in and see Laura. Sure. Come on, Johnny. Johnny. It's all right, Laura. You'll be able to walk. A doctor just told us. I know. He told me. Isn't it wonderful? Where have you two been? Just outside. Nothing important. Sheriff, you don't seem to understand what I've been trying to tell you. Laura might as well hear it now as any other time. My name's not Jones. It's Chandler. I'm one of the Whistler's gang. So is Doc. Hmm? Is that all you've got to say?  I knew all that this afternoon. That boy, Dan Reed, brought me a note explaining everything. I didn't shoot your pa on El Paso, Johnny. It was an outlaw's bullet that downed him. But I... I'm still an outlaw. A wanted outlaw. Not that I know of. And I'm the sheriff who sent it. Well, I... This note you got. Who sent it to you? I don't know. It just said from a friend of Laura's. That was good enough for me. I know who it was, Dad. Who? The Lone Ranger. Or you have just heard as a copyrighted feature of the Lone Ranger Incorporated.