Hello and welcome to the session. My name is Mansi and I am going to help you with the following question. The question here says Akash bought vegetables weighing 10 kg. Out of this 3 kg and 500 grams is onions, 2 kg 75 grams is tomatoes and the rest is potatoes. What is the weight of the potatoes? Let us start with the solution to this one. Now we see that Akash bought vegetables weighing kg, kg 500 grams 5 kg, 5 kg. Since we know that rest are potatoes 0.75, 2.075. We get this is 5, this is 7, this is 5 and this is 5. Now we see that 7.5. Here we put a 0, 0 this is 9, 4 we have the decimal here. 9 minus 5 is 4. Therefore this question is 5 kg. That is the weight of potatoes is 4.425 kg. I hope you understood the question and enjoyed the session. Have a good day.


Today's episode, we've got 400,000 coins to spend. If we win, we double that to 800,000 coins. Next episode, let's hop in. Today's double or nothing is gonna be extra amazing because for the 100K and 200K episodes, we got a lot of good budget players but most feared was not out yet and most feared has some of the best budget cards in this game. I'd be willing to bet that about half of this team will be most feared and there's a reason for that. And the very first guy that comes to mind, Caleb Farley, we've been using his gold corner in previous episodes. 79 overall, 87 speed, 87 excel and he's 3,000 coins. That Eric Stokes that we used to use was like 30K with the exact same stats. So yeah, most feared is so clutched. Don't forget that Caleb Farley is six foot two. I wonder if this guy knows, like do you think Caleb Farley knows that he's just a Madden God? Cause I feel like I don't really hear his name in the league that much but he's gotta know he's just a stud in Madden. Another most feared budget beast, Kishon Nixon. Apologies on that pronunciation. I've never actually heard of this guy but he's 87 speed, 86 excel. Most feared gifted us with two insane corners for like 3,000 coins each. That's gross. We've hardly spent anything and I have two crazy good corners. Also a most feared corner, also 2,400 coins. Michael Carter, 86 speed, 86 excel. It's so crazy how good these cards are. And if you want a guy that's a little higher overall you could pick up Greg Strowman team of the week for the Bears, 86 speed, 88 excel, 511. He's really good. He's actually so cheap and good that I'm gonna pick him up also. I'll probably end up moving one of these guys to a backup position that I can sub in for nickel defenses. So it's important that I have an extra secondary player anyway. And that's just so cheap. Like that's crazy. Honestly that you can make your corners pretty good for like 10,000 coins. Next up we're going safeties. And of course I'm getting my all time favorite card in this game. Last episode you saw we had Tyson Anderson gold. Well, Tyson Anderson has an 81 overall elite.  Probably not, but I'm hoping. Tyson Anderson, 85 speed, 88 excel, 62, 207. He's just so good man. He'll probably end up being my user. If I go nickel, we still gotta pick up a middle linebacker for those sets where I can't use a safety. And then at free safety the Unstoppable's promo has a really nice free safety and Jabril Pepper's pretty damn expensive. But I think safeties are so important. I want to make sure that my safeties are always studs. Great hip power, good speed, good acceleration. You know what? Now that I say it. Jabril is a good option. I don't want to take away from Jabril but looking at that price, I can't really justify that. We might have a Bengal safety duo. Daxton Hill, we were using gold Daxton Hill before. Take a look at the slightly upgraded most feared Daxton Hill, 85 speed, 86 excel. He's nasty. I can't believe I'm doing that. We are going to have so many coins to spend on my skill position zone. That's kind of what I'm going for here. I'll go Daxton Hill at free safety. At linebackers for 11,000 coins I can get Sion Taki Taki. Obviously he's not built for the pass rush. His power and finesse moves are horrible but his block shedding is good. So be good in the run game. He's just not getting to the quarterback. So we got to let my left and right end get to the quarterback. What a great linebacker card. He even has okay changing direction. He's six one with 84 speed. So if you really wanted to you could use a rim but I don't recommend it. Probably just use her safety. This is the first time in double or nothing that I've actually found this card on the auction house. I've been looking for this card for so long. Doesn't feel like there's a lot in circulation. He's not expensive but Troy Anderson six, four, 83 speed, 85 Excel, 78 change of direction. And he's a 77 overall, he's 4,000 coins. This guy was built to be a middle linebacker user man. 100%. Now once again, linebackers don't animate the way you want them to. They don't jump how they're supposed to. That's why people use their safeties but there are certain sets where you're forced to use a middle linebacker. They won't let you sub into safety. And that's exactly what Troy Anderson is for. I'm glad I finally found him. For my backup middle linebacker, I'm rocking this Divine Diablo again. I've used him before. He's just a really solid overall card. And to be honest, there's not a lot of depth at the middle linebacker position. The good middle linebackers are absurdly expensive. And there's a gigantic gap between them and all the mediocre ones. So it's gonna be a few episodes before I actually buy an absurd middle linebacker. And at right outside linebacker for 2,500 coins, dirt cheap, I can get Boye Mafe, 64, 81 speed, 84 Excel. Another guy that just gets a lot of good Madden cards. I actually had him on last year's double or nothing because he's just always getting good cards. Keep in mind, I have almost entirely finished the defense. I haven't even spent 50,000 coins yet. That's how insane that most fear drop was. At least for building a budget team. At left end for 12,900 coins, I'm getting Mike Dana. It's actually a very fast left end. He kind of looks like a linebacker. In fact, he kind of is a linebacker. He's 62, 260. This is more of a linebacker than a left end, but it gives him really, really good stats for Madden. And I've been kind of getting rolled out on a lot. The rollout is actually pretty strong this year.  That'll be Mike Dana. And then at right end, I'm taking Jonathan Bullard. He's kind of the opposite of Mike Dana. He's a lot bigger, strong, block shed tackle. Once again, this is a position where if I don't spend 80,000 coins at least, it doesn't feel worth it to me. There's a lot of what makes right and left ends really good as abilities. Like this Von Miller gets edge threat.  Even with my max budget, I couldn't buy just Von Miller. Cause he's like 600,000 coins. So yeah, I'm just going real budget on that. Same thing with D-Tackles, man. D-Tackles need inside stuff or one of those abilities to be very valuable. So there's no reason for me to get one right now. I'll take Hasan Ridgway, 83 strength, 86 tackle, 80 power moves. So he'll be, you know, whatever. For 2,900 coins, he can hang out there. There's no point in spending 20K to get an 83 overall, who's going to do the exact same thing. And at D-Tackle 2, I'll take 76 overall Cameron Young. Honest to God guys, no real reason. He's cheap, he's a 76 overall. And if you've noticed the strategy thus far, I just finished the entire defense for 70,000 coins. And quite frankly, this defense is better than any defense we built, thanks to most fear.  I'm excited. All right boys, here is the new look defense. And I said probably half these players be most feared. I think I was on the money. We've got one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine most feared, that's more than half. At our corners, we have Caleb Farley, six foot two with 87 speed. We got Michael Carter and Kisha Nixon, who have 87 and 86 speed respectively. Dagston Hill, stud budget free safety. And Tyson Anderson, one of my favorite cards in the game. Both bangles. So we got, we got some bangles safeties up here. Greg Strowman is my backup strong safety. This is a little weird. A lot of people would probably just run an actual strong safety here, but this dude with 6,000 coins, 86 speed, 88 Excel. It's a little short for a strong safety, but when Tyson Anderson comes in to linebacker, Strowman will guard the skies up top. We'll see how he plays. Xiong Taki Taki, amazing budget outside linebacker, same with Boye Mafe. Troy Anderson, 4,000 coins, 64, 83 speed, and then Divine Diablo and MLB2. 70,000 coins for that defense. And now we can, we can ball out. Let's go. So offense, truly one of the craziest budget cards that they dropped was a Devon Duvernay. Sick, I guess, 88 speed, 80 jump, 85 catch. That's a 83 overall wide receiver. I don't really know why Devon Duvernay ended up getting one of the craziest budget cards, but beggars can't be choosers. I will take that card in a week. It's only 12,000 coins, too. Absurdly fast, Devon Duvernay. And look who's finally on the auction house as well. Taekwond Thornton. I've been looking for him for forever, too. Absurdly fast 6-2 wide receiver. There were times where he was like 40K. There were times where he just didn't exist on the auction house, but right now he's an easy 7,000 coins. So we'll grab Taekwond Thornton as well. And now let's get one superstar wide receiver. Dude, this Nico Collins is so, so good. This is a really expensive card. He's 6-4 with 86 speed, and then the reason he's in 86 is he actually hasn't seen for the rest of his stats. This is one of my favorite wide receivers in the game. I've used this Nico Collins a lot. Is he worth 67,000 coins? Wow, that just got bought too. What do I gotta pay now? Now it's really not worth it. If you see the Nico Collins though, you got the bread for it, pick them up. I'll give you that knowledge there, but I can't buy him now. Oh, that is a really good price. Wait, let me buy this. Let me buy this before I say anything. My Nico Collins alternative is 85 overall Megatron. 85 Megatron is a nasty card, too. In fact, you could probably argue that he's better than Nico Collins. He's faster, he's taller, he's less expensive. I probably should have looked at this first anyway, but it all worked out. 85 Megatron, that's gonna be our wide receiver one. Stud, absolutely stud. Staying on that same train of thought, the legends, 86 overall sweetness, 86 speed, 88 agility, 85 change of direction, 84 brick tackle. I really wanna use this. I have been cooked by Walter Payton so many times. So we've got wide receivers, we got a half back, we need offensive line, we need a quarterback and a tight end, and we've got 225,000 coins to do it. Big Albert, oh, this is a nasty budget tight end. He's actually the fastest tight end you can get under 50,000 coins. Good route running, he's 6'5", but he doesn't block very well. This is a guy you throw the ball to, and I'm more than happy to do that. Imagine being the substitute teacher when Albert O was in algebra one in high school. Trying to call his name. Albert Akiwaki Bagwaki. I just heard him say it himself. It's Okwebanum. Albert Okwebanum. Yeah, I'm going with Albert O. Boys, I think it's a legends day. We're about to drop. Oh my God. Ah! Ah! 100,000 coins out of the budget. That's a quarter of our entire budget. Just went on the quarterback. And honestly, that makes sense. That's kind of what real NFL teams do. This War and Moon was one of the first really good quarterbacks to drop. He's obviously not one of the best in the game anymore, but dude, this card is sick. Not to mention he can do everything. He's fast.  And he gets Gunslinger. We can actually use a Gunslinger QB on the third episode. That's awesome. He also gets protected. What?   I didn't even know that. Protected gives you stronger pass blocking for all of your offensive linemen. It lets you go budget on your offensive line so much better. You guys probably saw that if you watch Wheel of Mutt.  If you're watching this video, you watch Wheel of Mutt. I like Run and Gun. I'm gonna rock that. War and Moon. Oh, I'm so happy we went budget defense. Now we just gotta pick up an offensive line, pick up a kicker and a punter potentially. At left tackle, I'm picking up 82 Charles Cross. To be honest with you guys, I don't have any great reasons for specific old linemen. I don't notice a statistical difference. Like I'm gonna pick up Isaac Saemalo. He's got 74 pass block finesse and 85 pass block power.  I've never noticed a difference. Center, I'll pick up 83 Corey Linsley. At right guard, I'm gonna rock Trace Smith, 82 overall. And at right tackle, I'll take 83 Evan Neal. By the way, this Evan Neal is actually insanely good. 90 strength. 90 strength out of 83 overall. Diabolical. This is actually a nasty card for this prize. I just got done talking about how it doesn't really matter, but a general rule of thumb is if there's two cards of a similar overall, but one is from a more recent promo, always take the one from the more recent promo, even if they're the same overall. That's the offensive line finish. I still got 25,000 coins. There's a few backup positions I wanna handle. First is tight end. I always use two tight ends. We've got Alberto, who's his backup. I think I'm gonna go with the Duke. I'm gonna go Vernon Davis. Love Vernon Davis. He's a small tight end, more like a wide receiver, but that's exactly what I want. So we'll take him for dirt cheap with good stats. I wanna pick up a kicker. Probably not gonna pick up a punter. I can't tell you the last time I punted. I actually really like Daniel Carlson. I'll go with Daniel Carlson for 9,100 coins. And the final player I'm gonna pick up is Debo Samuel. I just want a fourth wide receiver, just in case somebody gets really fatigued from kick return or something like that. All right, hey, so defense is looking good. I've got 670 coins left, so I'm not buying anything. Let's fill this lineup in. And that's the full lineup. We're in 81 overall. Offense is carrying. This offense is so beautiful. That's 330,000 coins on offense. Plush special teams. And then defense was 70K, so a full budget defense, but I still love my defense. Defense is gonna be great. And then offensively, we have Warren Moon with protected and gunslinger to carry. We got Walter Payton, Megatron, Tyquan Thornton, Devin Duvernay, Alberto and Vernon Davis as our backup tight end. Then a great offensive line. I cannot wait to use this team. Michael Vick, Jalen Ramsey, Charles Woodson. I like it. That top three is a gigantic upgrade from our last top three. I'll definitely say that. Falcons versus Eagles in Lions Stadium. To all NFC match. If he looks like this is man coverage, I'm looking for that 88 speed. Oh, damn. Duvernay was wide open, but that blitz got home quick. All right, let's see if he lets up the exact same thing. He's gonna let up the exact same thing. Oh, just kidding. He's shaded outside. Duvernay. Oh my God. That was a catch. That was a bad ball. So he's shading outside now. So hopefully we can throw inside. How is everything covered?  The outside routes were jumped and the inside routes were jumped.  That's not a good start. Tyson Anderson. Hot up the middle. No, he runs it with Walter Payton. Or Bo Jackson. Sorry, I keep doing that. Michael Vick. Oh my God. He just missed. Madden 24, ladies and gentlemen.  I'm just gonna go underneath here because I really don't know where to go.  I gotta do something completely different. Let's rethink this. Let's try an eye formation stretch run against this Mike Blitz. I've seen this Blitz so many times. I just don't always know how to beat it. I take this left side. Honestly, I kind of liked that. That's a first down. Not bad. I like that. Looks like I got some blocks. Oh my God. First guy misses. Dude, if I run that better, I might be a touchdown. I just didn't expect that first guy to whiff so bad. Why is he jumping that? Because if he's jumping it, then the slant should be there. It's like they're somehow covering both in and outside. There he is. Yes. What is going on? What is this game?  Why are we dropping textbook passes? Oh my God. This is crazy. All right, whatever. It karmaed out. That was just karma. I'm looking at you. Now he's really not open.  Let's keep it together, boys. I have this bottle that Tyson Anderson. Yup. Excellent defense. Second and 13. He's gonna know huddle. So now I send the blitz. When they know huddle, they're frustrated. Tyson Anderson right up the middle. Invicts facing.  He dropped another one. Oh, extra man. Oh my God. Go. I thought it was so sus. When I took corner, Greg Strowman and put him at backup, strong, save the, that man just clamped single coverage on a corner route and housed it. 6,000 coins, by the way.  Weird game. Weird game, but we have the lead. I don't think he really has anything here. Why are you gonna test the goat? Why are you gonna test my goat of corn? He's 0 for 6 with an interception, but it's really not his fault. Doesn't even really matter if I get steam here or not. I should just be uncontested. That was his first completed pass, ladies and gentlemen. He's just full torqued, fried white. Whoa, whoa, whoa. That's a cover three. Why is there nobody over there? First in goal from the one.  Left side. Oh, that is a dangerous pass. That is actually such a dangerous pass. Get home. This is a monkey game. Actually, we're idiots. Let's start throwing this ball, man. Start slanging that thing. Nobody is on Walter Baton. Good angle, good joke. No way, no way that's house. No, he doesn't have the wheels for it. I love how Walter Baton carries the football. Let's go. I wonder if I can throw the wheel since he's kinda, yeah, he's just out of position. Like he moved him over like he was supposed to, but even then you're just kind of far out. Oh, what a great route from Devon Duvernay to pick that up. That's huge. Patience, patience. Walter. More, more and more. I call it Walter Moon. It's Walter White, baby. That's Heisenberg. That little, that little sidestep deke out of Warren Moon too. Ooh, nice drive, boys. Need more of that. Rotate to, no, why did I rotate? Rotate's not even the right word there, but. Mine. What?  I was on that, it yoinked me back.  Josh Allen, Miles Garrett, Michael Vick. Wait, what? It took my brain a second to probably, why do you have two quarterbacks in the top three? Is it gonna be seven in and out quarterbacks? I respect it. All right, boys. Let's see, let's see what he's all about here. So Josh Allen is in right now. It is not Michael Vick. We've got the Anderson Duos over here. It's a counter run to Fred Taylor. It's actually a really good stuff there from Diablo, but they still got the first. You know, I like that. I like to see a run game team. You don't see it too often.  And he still ran it. I jumped the count and that lineman still got on me. Play action. And I think he just threw across the line. Illegal forward pass. What, he just tried to cook up was nasty though.  Fourth and 13, obvious passing down. I'm gonna drop everybody into coverage. We're sending only two. I don't think we're gonna need the pressure. Cause I think he's gonna throw a bad ball. Yes, sir. That's exactly what I wanted. Let's go, Tyson. Tyson Anderson comes down with it. Textbook defense. 70,000 coins on the defense, by the way. Oh, and he's in zone. Devon Duvernay, welcome to 15 yards. Maybe one, two throw. They gotta stop doing that. 20 yards, Devon Duvernay. Come on, let's stat pad. Let's get some fantasy points, boys. Albert O on the left side. Great catch, big stiff arm. What do we got here? Oh my God. Dude, I think I could, wait a minute. Wait a minute. Wait a minute. He powered me, almost powered in. To the one. All right. All right, boys. Let's catch this dub. Turnover points on the board. Let's make it two. Let's make it a two-point conversion here. Does he expect three straight inside zones? What psychopath would run it three straight times? Eight to zero. Play action once again. There's a corner out open. Oh no. See, I like Troy Anderson, but Troy Anderson has no shot at making that play because he doesn't have lurker artists or anything, so he can't jump. It's gonna go play action. Actually, this is the play through I picked on last time. Don't shoot. What? Probably just threw the same pass on the same play, except we did not get the interception that time. Oh, it's a run. It's a counter. Get up there. Let's go.  Oh my God. Not even the goat Tyson Anderson could get that. Oh, no. He's really gonna go for it, but Troy Anderson. Second and nine. This looks like a run. Oh, that's play action for sure. Right side, right side, right side. Hut up and done again. Close, close, close, close, close. 84, I'm on you. I'm on you 84.  Intercept it.  He's just slinging that thing.  That's prime, James Winston. What are you doing? This guy's a bum. You know what? I'm kind of glad to have a game like this coming off a loss, bro. Was he trying to dive in my quarterback? Bum's central. It's just sprinting all around the field, just diving on the floor.  No way. Warren Moon's a savage. Absolute savage. Warren Moon, Warren Moon. Go all the way. Don't fumble.  Let's bring the clock down a little bit here.  I wish it was that easy last game. Just come on. Can we get it together, man? Taekwon, hit you out. Ooh, what a catch. Taekwon Thorin, the touchdown and the two-point. Little play action here. I'm not on it. Shit, Richard Nixon. Let's go, buddy. Oh, I did not see that. Oh, is that a holding? Wait, what? There's a flag? There can't be a holding. This is competitive. I got an illegal contact. What? Yes, Richard Nixon. Good defense. That wasn't even Richard Nixon. That was, was that my boy, Strowman? Or was that Caleb? That's Caleb Farley, isn't it? Buddy gets an interception today. First in 10, this game is over. Yeah, I just get an intentional grounding. Wait, that's weird. How is that intentional grounding? I have a receiver over there. Big post on the middle. Ooh. Yeah, that was, he took a lick. Megatron took a big hit for that one. And a bad ball there under pressure. The only route that even has a chance here is Megatron. Let's give him a chance. Guys, I ran the data. I did the next-gen analytics. Next-gen analytics said I needed to go for it on fourth and 25 from my own 13. I don't make the rules. Hey, this is football in 2023. It's all about analytics. And I'm right. And he has the balls to pass it.  That was such a window. Got absolutely rocked. We maintain the seven point lead right there. Guys, guys, everybody's settled down. Everybody's settled down. We're okay.  Laser beam number one. Bingo. Skirt out to the left. I like it. But now he's back in the zone. So we're just gonna throw another dot. Go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go. Guys, I don't know what I was doing earlier, guys.  Oh, run and gun? Mr.  Mr. Moon's got run and gun. I could throw a laser beam anywhere. Oh, what's insane is that was a perfect throw. Like that shit's nuts. Oh, good double team right there. Use it. Alberto, laser. Run and gun. Big winner lover, back on the board. All right, guys, this is what I don't get, all right? You're all in the comment section talking about MMSL. Can a guy just goof around anymore? You know? A fella, just goof around anymore. A fella can be a woman if he wants. I can't goof around in my game of Madden. I mean, you're not wrong. But right now it's the Tyson. Jesus. Not on the goat Caleb Farley, man. Not on the goat Caleb Farley. That was my fault. If I'm gonna blitz like that, I gotta send Tyson Anderson. He is gonna run the ball next to him. So if I score again here and I kick my PAT, nine point lead, man coverage. Megatron's gonna get a look here. Second in inches for Megatron. Oh, that's too easy. I do gotta run the ball. Do you think I could run the ball so much that I end the entire game right now from two minutes, 30 seconds left in the third quarter? Like, could I run it so effectively? Now let's get to the outside. Oh, gosh, look at how good this looks. Good nine yards there from Walter P. Same thing, other side. Gonna go left side, just cut this. Oh, geez.  Technically, this is more efficient than this is third down, but I just have to pick it up right here right now. Walter P? Dude, Troy Palamalu. Messing everything up fourth in inches. Palamalu doesn't get there. Walter P's out. Dude, that Palamalu is insane. He's not even usuring him. It's just computer Palamalu. This is some diabolical. Dude, is this guy even playing? Well, who is he usuring on defense? I haven't seen him once yet. I think he ran commit, which is insane because we got six yards on that. No, hang out, Warren Moon. Damn, got leveled. It's fourth and three. I'm going for it. I wanna end this game. I'm ending this game on this drive right now. He's there. DuVernay, sit down. Yes, four to three. Hand off Peyton. There comes another in computer Troy Palamalu.  Zone run, cut it up. We had the blocks there. We had him. Low key, DuVernay was there, and what?  What are we doing? Fourth and 10. I'm going for it. I wanna end the game right now. The ball game right here. Wait, what's he doing? He had it. And Warren Moon throws to absolutely nobody. Turn the ball over. We just gotta play some defense. We just gotta play some defense. That's it. It's simple. He goes down. We gotta just end the game with that. Had I gotten it. Just gonna throw to the boundary here, Fred Taylor.  He just got the world's greatest blocks. Wait a second, you run that in the end zone. That's the only way I win. Holy shit, they just want the chiefs to win so bad. It doesn't really matter though. He could have won the game by just downing that and kicking a field goal. But thank God he did that. Oh my God, thank you. It's actually winnable now. It's winnable. We still gotta win. Oh, if I house this.  Who do we pass to? When and why? Take Doverday on the whip. Now that I look at that again though, it looks like he actually shaded that outside. So we do the same thing. That is so bad. Cause it doesn't matter. We hit Alberto here and we step out of bounds. I gotta make sure I turn two clock off though. I have enough time and enough time outs where that didn't matter.  I just unbelievably opened his Megatron down the middle. I wonder how that happened. Vernon Davis wide open over Palomalu's head. Get down, call the timeout. 22 seconds left, first and 10. There he is. Do I get in the end zone right now? Just get out of bounds. I maybe could have made a play to get in the end zone there. Maybe could have let him outfield. Does he bail out again? What does he do here? Send Doverday up. I'm kind of looking at Alberto. First and goal, I can always just throw this ball away. Oh, I think I had RB in the middle. I have B in the back. I have A. I got him. What? Why did he drop it? You have to tell me why. You can't just do that. I have to know.   DK, Matt, Kath. Okay, it doesn't, it didn't matter. It didn't matter. It's all about the Hilmary anyway. Why is Warren Moon in? Why is Warren Moon in? Hello, 28 to 32 seconds left. It's truly all on a Hilmary here. Does he go left side? That is a bad ball. No! Let's go! I went from cakewalk to me literally choking so hard to me literally clutching up so hard.  The 400K team survives. 18 for 31, 300 yards almost, three touchdowns and an interception. Josh Allen, three touchdowns, two interceptions. Walter Payton, 14 for 41. Fred Taylor, seven for 20. Warren Moon, three for 35. And his Walter Payton, two for 54. DuVernay, seven for 13, said DuVernay's nasty. Magentron, five for 76, Alberto. Dude, I cannot believe that DuVernay dropped that ball. I need to watch. Oh wow, they're not even, I don't get a replay on it. The game doesn't want to see me.  This is your team in all its glory. The 81 overall, 400K squad. Offense looking nasty, even if we can't catch the ball every once in a while.   All right, hey, I love you guys. Thanks so much as always. This is an amazing episode. I'll see you in the next one for 800K. Hell yeah, I'll see you guys then. Peace.


Welcome to the second video on differential geometry in this series on the theory of relativity. As in the last video, we're talking about an area of mathematics, so there will be naturally quite a bit of math. However, it's still the case that the equations are simply ways to precisely describe physical concepts, and you don't need to follow the math to follow the concepts. In the last video, we saw how Gauss pioneered the study of curved two-dimensional surfaces, what we now call differential geometry. This is primarily based on the idea of being able to make length measurements and relating those to surface coordinates using a generalized Pythagorean theorem over small regions of the surface. Two-dimensional surface geometry is easy to visualize and has many important practical applications. Yet, inevitably, in any field of mathematics, one will eventually hear the command, go forth and generalize. One of Gauss's students, Riemann, did just that. Indeed, the type of differential geometry used in general relativity is often referred to as Riemannian geometry. During the 19th century, other mathematicians made further contributions. Among the names will come across are Christophe and Rishi. So, by the time Einstein went looking for a mathematical formalism for his ideas of curved spacetime, they had already put together an ideal package and had it waiting for them. Here are the relevant ideas they came up with. In place of the two-dimensional surface, they imagined an abstract, n-dimensional space. Since it's not easy to draw, say, a four-dimensional space, I'll continue to use simple two-dimensional surfaces for illustrative purposes. But the dimension of the space is just the number of coordinates you need to locate a point. The coordinates themselves do not need to have any physical significance. You can imagine, for example, giving one group of people cans of red spray paint and telling them to go running through the countryside spraying lines. Another group can do this with blue paint. You don't care how they do this, as long as no two lines are the same color cross, because then each red line represents a constant value of a coordinate x1, say, and each blue line represents a constant value of a coordinate x2. Every point in space now has a unique set of n coordinates, and these serve as the address or the phone number of the point. Again, the coordinate values don't have to have any physical significance. We just need to know that if two points have the same coordinates, they're indeed the same point. And that the coordinates vary smoothly, so we can use the generalized Pythagorean theorem trick that we developed in the last video. In general relativity, n is four, three dimensions of space and one of time. But soon people were working on five-dimensional theories, and today we have string theory where n is equal to ten dimensions. If somebody in the future wants to make a 37-dimensional theory, all they have to do is change the number of coordinates n. Then we have the idea of the metric tensor. In principle, we can measure or calculate this at every point in the space. For instance, on the bottom blue line, the first coordinate varies between x1 and x1 plus dx1, where dx1 is a differential that is very, very tiny amount. Using some sort of measurement system, we find the length ds1 of this segment. Relating these by ds1 squared equals a metric coefficient g11 times dx1 squared. We can solve for the coefficient g11 because we know ds1 and dx1. Then we can do the same thing on the left red line for coordinate x2 and get the coefficient g22. Finally, measuring the diagonal distance ds12, which corresponds to simultaneous changes dx1 and dx2, and writing out the corresponding terms of the generalized Pythagorean theorem and realizing that we now know every value in that expression, except for g12, we can solve for that coefficient also. Then we collect these values into the array that we call the metric tensor. For n equals four dimensions, as we have in spacetime, we'd also have steps dx3 and dx4 and end up with a 4 by 4 array. Anyway, if we do this at every point, then we can calculate any distance and hence do any kind of geometry we want to in the space. Although we talk about ds as a distance, abstractly it's just a quote invariant, meaning it's an intrinsic property of space independent of the coordinate system. For the same two points, we'd have to get the same ds, regardless of how we assign coordinate values. And this is what anchors the subjective math to objective reality. Now that we can locate points, we need to be able to describe arbitrary paths through space. Suppose we want to describe this green path. We'll do so by specifying the coordinates as a function of distance s along the path. The analogy with physics is to specify a particle's position as a function of time. We place our invariant yardstick at the start of the path, read the coordinates of the two ends, and plot those on the graph corresponding to s equals zero and say s equals one. And we move the yardstick end to end and plot the coordinates of the new endpoint at s equals two. And we continue on this way until we have a graph that describes the entire path. In higher dimensional spaces, we'd simply have more curves on the graph. Now we have all end coordinates on the path to find as end functions of distance along the path. As a shorthand, we'll refer to all coordinates as a group as x with no subscript, something we call a vector. The individual coordinates are then the components of this vector. Another way to think about a path is in terms of the direction of travel, what a pilot or sailor would call the heading. We think of direction as represented by an arrow called the tangent vector u. The end components of u tell us how the coordinates change when we take a step ds along the path. The change dx1 is u1 times ds, dx2 is u2 times ds, and so on. Dividing everywhere by ds, we see that each component of u is the change in the corresponding coordinate divided by the distance traveled. The analogy to physics is that if s was time, then these would look like the components of velocity. If we take our length formula and divide both sides by ds squared, we find that the vector u has a length one. And we say that u is a unit vector. Later, we'll see that this means that in some sense, we're always moving through space time with the same speed. If we don't move through space, we have to move through time. And if we go faster in space, we move slower in time. Now, suppose our path has some property, such as being the shortest path between two points, what we've called a geodesic. We need to know how to change direction as we move along the path. The tangent vector tells us how to change coordinate values at each step, and something has to tell us how to change the components of the tangent vector to keep us on the right path. This is what the laws of physics do. They tell each particle how to change direction so as to stay on its proper path. The geodesic concept is central to differential geometry and relativity. As we've seen in flat space, this is simply the directions for drawing a straight line. In curved space, it's not a line, but it still gives you the shortest path between two points. We find that the change in the i-th component of u, dui on the left, is the output of an equation for which the inputs are the current components of u, the uj on the right, and the coordinate changes dxk. Our summation convention applies so we sum over both j and k from one to n since they appear twice in the same term, and the capital Greek letter gamma with one output superscript i and two input subscripts, j and k, is called the Christoffel symbol and represents the coefficients of the equation. These coefficients are derived from the metric coefficients. The details are fairly technical, so if you're interested, they're given in an appendix video link in the description box. Now we have a recipe that tells us the change in direction for any change in position. If we divide both sides by our step size ds, realize that dxk over ds is just uk, and think of s as time and u as velocity, we end up with an equation for the change in velocity over change in time. But that's what we call acceleration. So as Einstein points out in his 1916 paper, this means that the right side of the equation is nothing other than the gravitational field. What we call gravity is nature's way of telling particles how to follow a geodesic through spacetime. The summation over two subscripts proceeds as it does for the metric tensor. Take the n by n array of coefficients, write the dx values above and the u values to the left, then for each gamma coefficient, multiply by the corresponding u and dx values, add all these terms, and the negative of that is the change in the u component. The new wrinkle is that we have to do this for each of the n components of u, and that's what the superscript on the gamma represents. So Einstein's geometric picture of physics is that dynamics is the process of tracing a geodesic through spacetime. We started a point specified by coordinates x1 and x2 in two dimensions, in four dimensions you'd also have x3 and x4. We head off in some direction specified by a spacetime velocity u, which has length 1. We take a step of length ds in direction u and get new coordinate values, then we let spacetime tell us how to change the components of u. We continue doing this as time goes on. So far so good. Now we start thinking about curvature. As we've seen in previous videos, Einstein came to realize that matter curves spacetime. So how do we tell if our space is curved? If our space is flat, it might appear to be curved because we're using curved coordinates. But in that case, we can lay a piece of graph paper flat on the surface. Then using those rectangular coordinates, we have Euclidean geometry and special relativity. In three dimensions, the squares would be cubes, and in four dimensions, they would be hyper cubes, whatever those are. But if space is intrinsically curved, we can't lay the graph paper flat over the entire surface. So a test for flatness would be to simply try and draw squares, or cubes or whatever. Starting at any point, draw two lines of the same length s at right angles. On both lines, turn 90 degrees and then draw another line of length s. If space is flat, the two endpoints will be the same and we'll have drawn a square. This draw-square test leads to a new object called the Riemann tensor. Again, the details are technical and there's an appendix video if you're interested. If this vanishes at every point in space, then space is flat. And this will be true regardless of the system of coordinates we use. The Riemann tensor is a four-index object. It has one superscript i that corresponds to a single output and three subscripts, j, k, and l, that correspond to inputs. It tells you everything there is to know about the curvature of your space. The Riemann tensor is derived from the Christoffel symbols and those, in turn, are derived from the metric coefficients. So we see that the metric coefficients tell us everything we need to know. In two dimensions, the Riemann tensor can be arranged as a two-by-two array of two-by-two arrays. In four dimensions, you get a four-by-four array of four-by-four arrays. Each component is an expression that tells you about some aspect of the curvature of your space. If all the components vanish, then your space is perfectly flat. If spacetime is flat, then, as we've seen, that would mean the inertial frame physics of special relativity would describe everything. We know that's not the case, but we have to find out how spacetime curves. What limits does nature put on the curvature? Those limits, presumably, will serve as our law of gravity. For a clue, let's turn to Newtonian physics. In Newtonian physics, we say that the gravitational field gets stronger the closer we are to a massive object. So if we drop balls from two different heights, both will accelerate toward the massive object. But the closer ball will do so more rapidly. Suppose we surround a planet with a dust cloud lying at rest between two spheres. We can calculate the volume V of the dust cloud in terms of the inner radius R1 and the outer radius R2. The gravitational field will be stronger at this smaller radius, so when the dust cloud starts falling, the inner radius will shrink more rapidly than the outer radius. Due to Newton's 1 over R squared law, as this happens, the volume V does not change at least for short periods of time. That is, starting from rest, the two spheres will collapse and the entire cloud will move towards the planet, but in a way that maintains its volume. In fact, this is a general statement, regardless of the gravitational field and the shape of the dust cloud. It's a geometric way to state Newton's law of gravity in empty space. That is, when there is no source of gravity inside the dust cloud, in empty space, a dust cloud falling from rest can change shape, but not volume, at least for a short period of time. If there's a source of gravity inside the dust, then the cloud will tend to collapse and the volume will decrease. But that's a different case, and we'll come back to that in a future video. We now ask, does differential geometry have a way to describe the conservation of volume? The answer is yes. There's an object called the Ricci tensor. It's derived by adding together some of the components of the Riemann tensor. It's a two-index object, a four-by-four array of expressions, and if the Ricci tensor vanishes, even though the space may be curved, then a small region, the points of which move a short distance along parallel geodesics, may change in shape, but not in volume. We then say that the space is, quote, Ricci-flat. In four dimensions, the Riemann tensor is a four-by-four array of four-by-four arrays, and it has 256 components. Fortunately, it has a lot of symmetry, then this reduces the number of unique components to only 20. Of the 16 components of the Ricci tensor, 10 are unique. So in a sense, the Ricci tensor captures those parts of the Riemann tensor that have to do with volume changes. Since the Ricci tensor is the same size as the metric tensor, it seems that requiring Ricci flatness would result in 10 equations and 10 unknowns. Just what we need to figure out the metric tensor, which, recall, tells us everything we need to know. For illustration, in two dimensions, the Riemann tensor is a two-by-two array of two-by-two arrays, and the Ricci tensor is the sum of the two diagonal two-by-two arrays. In four dimensions, we'd have a sum of four diagonal four-by-four arrays. So differential geometry, this branch of mathematics motivated by practical two-dimensional problems such as land surveying, and later generalized to abstract n-dimensional spaces, we've tailor-made for describing general relativity. Choose any system of four coordinates, the first three representing space and the fourth representing time. Find a corresponding metric that gives the Ricci flatness property. Then derive and solve the equations of motion. Beautiful. A perfect fit. A match made in heaven. You can see why Einstein was very excited. But there's a problem, and it's a showstopper. This entire subject requires the existence of a, quote, yardstick. Our generalized Pythagorean theorem is supposed to allow us to convert coordinate changes into invariant yardstick measurements. And this invariant has to be the same for all possible coordinate systems, all possible frames of reference. But special relativity has already shown us that different coordinate systems will, in general, not agree on time and space measurements. Think of the famous twin paradox. So we're left wondering, what is the yardstick of spacetime? We just need that one foundational piece and everything else will drop into place. And that is what the next video will be about.


All right everyone welcome to day three of the 21 convention the men's conference of The century now everyone's all set. This is the very first speech of day three and we're getting right into things It will help wake you up this next man. That's coming to the stage He is going to help you turn up the volume on your communication. Please welcome your charisma coach Marcus Oki Good morning, everyone 21 convention. I'm still trying to work out why it's 21 convention I was thinking maybe it's because it's in the Fibonacci sequence of numbers, you know You got 21 and then maybe that's maybe the 21 convention is everything you wish you'd known when you were 21 I'm glad we did it at 21 and not 55 because that would be not as good Don't squat with so much weight my knees are killing me. I wish I'd known that or what's the next number? 89 Why yes taking my false teeth out does have more than one use But here we are 21 convention everything I'm going to tell you now is all the stuff I wish I'd known when I was 21 and what better way to start the day off than breakfast See for me, I teach charisma and people don't really understand. What is charisma? What's it all about? Well, my definition is it's the ability to affect the emotions of the people you speak to In a way that wouldn't have been felt had you not been there in the first place So in other words, it's making people fill an emotion now, hopefully This breakfast that I bought to the table might be able to demonstrate that so quick question for you What is this? It's an orange. Okay? This is yours in one moment sir. Thank you for stepping up What wow? It gets better. Um So if we squeeze this orange, what comes out orange juice, why? Because it's an orange. Yeah, full of vitamin C. Goodness orange juice comes out an orange Just like when you speak to people The emotion that comes out of you Tells them what's going on. Now if I squeeze this and put it in a glass on the table I'm pretty sure anyone watching could say I'm reasonably confident. That's orange juice in that glass. Would you agree? Maybe a few people might say well hang on. Maybe it's mango juice But the majority of us would think yep Orange juice comes out the orange that looks like orange juice and the emotions coming out of you as you talk to people Tell people what's going on because we know that juice has come out the orange. Oh almost goes head We know the juice is coming out the orange is from an orange So whatever emotions coming out of us tells people what's going on inside of us to speak as we speak to them It's kind of like Almost a tell-tale sign So the ability to change the emotions of the people you speak to is everything You can talk to people with no emotion And they will not fill in emotion either or you can talk to people with lots of emotion And maybe they will fill that emotion If I want somebody to feel an emotion The very best chance I've got of doing that Not the only chance, but the very best chance. I think It's to fill the emotion first myself in other words. It's to go first. It's to fill that emotion and hopefully It'll come out and affect them So If we look back at the charismatic leaders throughout of history People say, you know you teach charisma. What about Hitler? I have to confront that Hitler was a very charismatic guy Very charming. You see the thing is Two worlds exist There's the world around you and There's the world inside your mind two different worlds and The world around you can affect what goes on in your mind and your mind Can affect the world around you? So if you take a look at the room at the moment find something in the room you're in Whatever you're looking at Was probably designed by somebody who probably started off as an idea in their head and was brought out of their mind Into the world Does that make sense? So all the great bridges space stations space rockets even That glass on the table Started as an idea and someone took action and made it real So the emotions that are in your mind Also get transmitted into the world around you Hitler's ideas Became part of the world around us now his idea started I'm sure in his head in his own mind It's very positive. You know, I'm gonna make Europe a utopia The trouble is he was a nutcase and He didn't make Europe a utopia in his mind.  It's the people that have control of what's going on in their own mind They're able to put a motion out there and change the world around them stronger than others What I mean by this is if I talk to somebody and I make them fill in the motion I'm changing how they feel about themselves as You all do when you talk to people if you're happy and you talk to somebody and you put them in a really good mood You make them feel a nice way and that affects their thought process and That thought process being changed affects their mind I Remember when I was younger thinking wouldn't it be cool to be in control of people's minds, you know, I was a kid I was power crazy But we do it to each other all the time All of us affect the people the emotions of the people we speak to So it's just about learning how to do that So I'm gonna start by maybe saying a bit controversial for my my two cents I've worked in the self-development industry for a while now and for me Time and time again I've strongly believed now confidence is bullshit Absolute bullshit now. This is just my opinion and everything I say to you is biased. It's just what I've experienced Because you are your own best teachers Not me not anyone else who gets up on this stage and talks to you You have to figure things out for yourself And this is just what I figured out Hopefully it cut down some of the learning time for you guys Some of it you may completely disagree with fine some of it hopefully you'll agree with great But it's just my two cents So the reason I say confidence is bullshit is this Confidence only really works when you're having success now. I teach people to become better communicators I Wanted to do that because I always had that promise very shy when I was younger I couldn't get up on the stage and speak I'd absolutely poo myself and And I took strides to improve that Now the one thing I found is people were saying well, how can we learn to you know What do we I always run out of things to say that was a thing I always had and I thought well, you know what? Maybe I can fix that so on my website your charisma coach calm I made a book and this book told people how to get brilliant conversations if you like download it check it out It's free Now add some good techniques for example conversations always die When you don't move the conversation into the past or the future if your conversation is in the present moment Game over it will die So what I mean by that is if you see somebody looking at a painting you say hey, that's a really nice painting The person agrees with you and says yeah, it's really nice If that conversation doesn't move into the past or the future it's dead and you just stand they're going Why did I even talk I shouldn't have done that But if we say that's a really nice painting hey, I've got an idea you've got a big jacket We fit it in there. I'll meet you outside. We'll sell it on eBay and divide the profits I've moved the conversation to the future. Of course. I've made it up and it's fun But it's gone somewhere or if I look at the painting and say Damn, I bet that painting took ages to paint. No wonder he cut off his ear It's moved it into the past doesn't have to make sense, but it's moved it somewhere So conversations have to have direction now.  I'm gonna demonstrate on this book.  Okay, cool Next question As you've spoken to people and you've maybe practiced Raise your little finger if you've had conversations that are fun Definitely me.  Ah I've got a bit of a problem there Well, I couldn't raise my ring finger So that means I've still got it. I've still got that anxiety of talking to people But hang on a minute. I've been doing self-improvement or I've been in this industry for years. Why have I still got it? The answer is because I'm human You're born with a suite of emotions and they're great anger happiness embarrassment Jealously even the bad ones that we kind of try and hide you human. That's the point of being human Rather than trying to block those emotions out rather than trying to build the confidence to overcome them It's not about that. It's about enjoying those emotions when you experience them because in eight years I've never seen one confidence course That works now. Maybe I haven't seen enough confidence courses But I meet people that have been on them and they get to the end and they say yep, that's me Unfixed and about two weeks later after they finish feeling good.  They're not right Or they have a spate of feeling really confident for a while and after six months for some reason it just dies Maybe they had enough day. Maybe they spoke to some people and it didn't really work out too. Well, the confidence goes That's because confidence relies on success to work. You have to have a good result a good result a good result If I get a bad result enough times in a row my confidence is going to be shot Now here's the problem. Do you remember what I said about the world around us and the world inside our mind? Can you think of anybody you know Who doesn't have at least one little problem. They're working through in their life That their life is absolutely peachy in every way. There's just nothing wrong.  You never ever really fix The you know that the stuff that comes in it just gets changed.  It's great. It probably just doesn't feel that way right now So all those people have all got some sort of problem. They're working on I Will never look to those people To pat my back for me. I'll never look to my audience to pat my back for me I'll never look to anyone I meet to pat my back for me because I have no control over how they think or feel about me I have good intentions But I have no control What I mean by that is a story from my father He was a salesman back in the day and he would sell machinery and all the other salesman got together one day And they were talking and he said what's going on? And they were talking about this one prospect who was a complete hard-ass who nobody could sell to and He said you know what I want to have a go and they said no don't they tried to warn him They said he would just tell you to get lost So I'm proud to say my dad being my dad. He gave it a shot He turned up knocked on the door and the guy told him to get lost straight away He said oh, okay. He goes. I'm just gonna go but before I do. What's the matter? He said the matter is you're in my office. You're gonna go out the window if you're not careful My dad said well, I'm leaving anyway, but I've really got to know what's up again the guy told him to get lost But my dad persisted and he said That I'm going anyway either by the window or by the stairs.   What's going on in their life? So for that reason Why base how you feel about yourself?  Is that correct? I too see that as well, I guess but You see from this angle and I see from this angle. We both see the same hand But our perspectives are different Our perspectives change our perception of things imagine you're driving along and You hear the familiar sirens of an ambulance behind you it comes right up behind you You think okay, I've got a move so you move out the way and all the other cars move out the way as well And they let the ambulance go by and right behind that ambulance is a Ferrari right up the back of the ambulance Let's use that gap that you've made What do you think about the driver? Any ideas? Arrogant. Yeah, me too when I first heard that but we don't know if that driver Is chasing that ambulance because his wife's dying or been involved in the accident.  Pardon Measure them. How would I measure them? What's a really quick way If I if I held them out like that would that work What about if I put them close together that would probably tell me which is the biggest would that be right? Okay, and It looks like this one's the biggest here you go I just realized throwing a banana it may come back to me. They're kind of boomerang shaped There you go People are sometimes like bananas and I explain why In life We look for other people to see where we fit in the scheme of things And the reason is we all have a sense of belonging We want to know where we fit into the fabric of society And we get that by looking at every other person And looking at how they react to us to tell us if we're cool if we're not cool In fact, let's replace the bananas with diamonds Some diamonds think Hang on a minute. Am I a big diamond? Am I a small diamond? Have I got a crack down me? How do I compare to all the other diamonds?  They just go I'm a diamond Yeah, but are you massive or I'm a diamond In other words, what I'm trying to say is they know who they are They understand who they are They're not looking for everyone else to react to them to say certain things to them to see where they fit in the scheme of things So that's the start Of sorting out what's going in there Because when you sort out what's going on there The emotions you project will be different And that's what affects other people Hitler wouldn't have been able to have risen to the level of power he had had he not been really likeable If he was an asshole, which he's known for being He wouldn't have had that success It's his ability to instill that emotion in people Now if you imagine if you turn up in a Ferrari and a girl sees you driving a Ferrari That might make her fill in a motion She might be very attracted to you But what if it's Enzo Ferrari's great-granddaughter who was born and raised around Ferraris Is she gonna feel the same sort of emotion? Chances are she's probably not Our ability to change everyone else's emotions Is more consistent than the Ferrari So the world around you is chaos You've got no control of that. You've got no control of what people are thinking. You've got no control how they're handling stuff What you do have control over is your reaction to it The only thing you have 100% control over in your life is how you react to things So when I'm in a situation, I'm always thinking whether that's a conversation whether that's an interaction Whether that's doing something crazy. I'm always thinking how can I make this fun? How can I take happiness from this? And the secret is to play In 1913 Eleanor H. Porter wrote a book called Pollyanna And the point of that book was was there's a little girl And her life was all about being grateful for everything that happened to her Now in the story all she wants for Christmas is a dolly Someone screwed up and she got crutches Now that would be okay if her legs were broken But they weren't So she took the crutches And she looked at her dad and her dad in the story is like oh my god this is like very good And she says you know what I'm really grateful because I don't need them So she chose to react Awesomely Every situation Is just a perspective Anything that happens to you from one angle could be rubbish from another angle could be the best thing ever But it's your perspective that determines everything And the way you get that perspective is habit So when I talk to people I always have lots of energy I'm always playing and whenever I go into a conversation I always think this is even going to go really well or it's going to be really fun The reason is because it always is when I look for it If I walk into a conversation thinking this is going to go really well. It's going to be a bit rubbish I'll get one of those responses If you've ever done an exam at school or you've done your driving test You know I my driving test was terrible. I remember getting in the car sitting there and thinking any second now I'm going to fail It was just like This guy with a clipboard just looking at me. I was like oh my god if I get this wrong I've screwed for me It was a black and white result one or zero. I could either succeed or I could fail My advice is get rid of the fail box Cross it out and just write really funny story Because you'll find it A friend of mine has a hundred percent consistency in talking to people and what I mean by that is he always has a good result And I said how did you get that success and he said because every conversation I I've had has always gone really well And I thought well, I'm a charisma coach not every conversation I have goes really well. I screw up all the time So what's he doing? So I studied and I looked And I found out the only thing he was doing Was he was just taking every conversation he had and just thinking that went well that went funny That went great that went funny and it built up a hundred percent consistency So he knew that every conversation he was going to go into was going to go well It was going to be funny. It was going to be awesome. There was no other reaction. There was no other result We've forgotten how to play We grow up and we lose our playful edge when we're kids we problem solve by playing by having fun Remember all that stuff you learned at school when you're in the first few years of school How to talk how to read all the important stuff, you know the basics of maths the stuff that last year your lifetime You did it through playing and then when you get to adult school all the play goes out the window It gets replaced with logic About the age of 12 or 13 you join senior school and you don't play games in the playground anymore You play adult games and you look to people how to act because I remember my first day at school I didn't play you know tag and running around. I was looking at other people thinking Okay, I play football now because that's the dumb thing and if I don't I'm going to stick out like a sore thumb School raises you to be a logical thinker It takes away from your playful creative side and moves you to a logical side And that's great because you need to be logical to problem solve Otherwise, you wouldn't be able to do business. You wouldn't be able to work Let's say you were building a room like this.  What's the time and they have a builder goes it's half past your mum You know, I don't know is that kind of is it going to be built or if you order some bricks and you say, right? We need 50 bricks um Like I asked you how many bricks you need you say, uh a billion This place ain't getting built. It's going to be really huge so you need logic To function in the world the trouble is we forget to be playful But it's when we're being playful that we're we're our most emotive that we're connecting with people in the most engaging way when we're having fun People ask me how do I start conversations up with strangers? Sometimes I walk up to them and talk About something I've seen but more often than not it's having fun I was in a coffee shop two days ago and I was in the line and uh, there was a girl and she was buying some some coffee some tea what not And my client said how would you talk to her? And I thought I said where's her to him? I said look what's fun. He said I don't know So I looked at the situation.  I went. Oh my god. I can't believe you're stealing that thus And she went she had an accident from canada or somewhere. She's like, oh my god. What have you done? I'm sorry if canadians don't talk about it, but I said look I said you come over here, right? You think it's one rule for you and one for the natives who live here And we stuck she laughed and she punched me in the arm and we had a conversation and it was fun So if I want to start a conversation with a random person, I'll see how I can make it fun for myself How I can be You know amused by it because I always will find that It's more fun to start a conversation up with somebody in the supermarket not by going Wow, that looks like you've got a lot you're going to cook tonight It's more fun just to throw a banana in their shopping basket You know who just random banana throw a person or as I like to do Take your basket walk up to their basket go I don't be weird or anything, but uh And then just take something out of the basket and put it in your basket Now you have to laugh afterwards A client of mine did that and went and ran off. She was like come back here She did feel an emotion though But that's what I'm getting at if you can make people feel emotions you're different from every other person in the room You get those emotions by feeling them first yourself. Now.  The only control I have is how I react to them It's not about Their reaction to me It's about my reaction to their reaction of me and my reaction is always going to be Frickin awesome You know the other day I was a friend of mine. He said listen. I need some help. Can you put up some shelving? Now I know I'm a charisma coach and I'm talking about shelving bear with me I said, yeah fine. I'll do that shelving job for you And I got his shelves and I took him out the paper and I was shocked They were glass. They were wire Possibly some ufo technology in there as well I just didn't know what to do with it now What I didn't tell him is I'd never put up shelves before and this thing was monstrosity But I thought okay. I'll give it a go because I'm reveling in the challenge play is all about Finding something that's a challenge And knowing you've got the skill to do it Now rather than knowing I had the skill to put up this shelf because I'd never put up a shelf before I just assumed it would be all right. It'd be fun So I was drilling my little holes. I put my shelf up and I tell you what it looked really good On the way home that night. I must admit. I won't lie I was sitting on the train and I was having a little little sort of dream about Oh, those shelves are put up great and I was thinking about them And I thought to myself if I did that again, how would I put the shelves up differently? I thought oh I would drill the holes slightly closer together. So the shelves just sat in some sort of harmony rather than being a little bit skew with He never knew they were the first shelves. I put up sucks to be him And I realized that's the secret of all skill all natural skill that you build Doesn't come from you reading it in a book.  I've never been able to do But when you get good at anything, it's because you come away from every challenge and you think What went really well then? And you revel in it And what could I do better next time? What could I do better to improve?  I was drilling holes in all the wrong places Um, it was dust all over my face. It was just a mess But you know the image on the box like you sort of look at the box think that looks good And then you lower it and then the shelf's all like That would have put me off I would have given up because I had that expectation that everything was going to go well Lose the expectations When you played as a kid you didn't have expectations. You just enjoyed Revelling in the challenge you enjoyed the skill you enjoyed taking the risk So when I talk to people I don't look for the end result the end result means nothing Because I could go and talk to somebody and they could smile and they could laugh and I could come away thinking Wow, I did a good job there Or I could go and smile and talk to somebody and they could scow and I go wow I did bad there It doesn't matter. We don't know what sort of day they've been having. I can't base that on who I am as a person so What it really comes down to Is taking action Action is everything There's uh, I think Friedman said um An ounce of action is worth a ton of theory and he's completely right. Here's why So I want to think to myself I'm the greatest conversation is the life Life will listen to me saying that And it will come down on its little cloud and see and say to me right He said you're the greatest conversation is the life. Let's see how good you are now And it put me in positions where I've got to have conversations with people I might be on the tube. I might be on the subway. I might be in the line at the coffee shop Life's putting all these opportunities for me to talk to people If I step up and I take the conversation and I do it and I open my mouth and I go oh I've taken action even though it could have been done better Yes, it could but I took the action and the action gives me a link of chain Every time I take action I get another link of chain Every time I don't take action Chain breaks Don't break the chain So what you need to do is find something you want whether it's to be the best soccer player Whether it's to be able to squat 100 kilograms Whether it's to just have a conversation with that girl in the coffee shop Whatever it is Life will hear you when you want it and it will put you in a position when you can take action The result is meaningless Sometimes you'll get a result that you enjoy You know that girl might smile or she might give you her number You might lift 100 kilograms. That's great. The world patted you on the back then And that's nice when that happens But that's not consistent. You can always pat your own back always That's what keeps you feeling good. That's what keeps you feeling happy And when you're feeling that kind of happiness, that's what comes out when you talk to people Because it's the emotions you make them feel my Four is this the homework I want to give you Oh homework Or the plan of action I would give you is find something That you can play with that sounds a bit rude. No Because we can all do that No, what I was going to say is the next time you're out in a situation and it could be out of this room It could be on the train home tonight. It could be in the bar tonight. It could be anywhere look for Look look at the room and think what could I do that's fun here? What would make me laugh? What would make you laugh? It's not about making other people laugh. It's about making you smile and do it so For me it's being on a train And and realizing I've got a bottle of vodka in my pocket But I've put water in it And I'm thinking okay, this would be fun to see if I can empty this entire train carriage Unscrew the bottle say okay look around I Drink the vodka and put my hands over my eyes and go oh Two people get up and leave good good. This is good so far Thinking okay and behind my face. I'm like How can I how can I get them all to leave start crying? Fall over the person next to you It's just harmless My record is five minutes.  It's like Hey, where's you going to talk to those people and your action is me It's just a feeling of me if you get a good result great if you get a bad result me It's not about going yeah, this is going to go amazing It's bullshit It's about walking up and just dealing with what happens and whatever does happen Know that you can deal with it and make it happy because life's going to throw you that stuff The world around you is going to throw stuff towards you to emotions towards you Got to grab them take them Be able to laugh at them I'm afraid them back A good friend of mine is the next speaker. Can I call Sasha? He taught me a very good one In the coffee shop Look for somebody who's about to take a sandwich.  That's the most terrifying sandwich you'll ever ever buy But it's good news because every sandwich you now buy will be a luxury the food will taste better It will be brilliant And they're like That's extreme, but you're making them fill in emotion. You're different from every other person in the room so to me charisma It's just communicating with emotion now. There's ways to do that It's all about your belief It's knowing who you are. That's the ultimate question Who the heck are you? And even then the answer isn't something you'd maybe have with words I could say my belief in myself who I am is just that I'm cool or I'm awesome It could be but really do I even have to say that it's just about knowing I'm not going to look for evidence around me though Because the world is a chaotic place Just as I looked at my hand and you see this perspective and I see this perspective Everything that happens when I talk to people However, I look at it determines what evidence I take from it So whatever our belief is in ourselves it needs evidence to exist if we don't have that evidence You know if you've ever looked in the mirror and said I'm cool and awesome And then three weeks later, you're not feeling cool and awesome because you've got no evidence for it But the world is too chaotic to get the evidence. I think it's great when it happens and you get that great run And you talk to everyone and they love you and it's brilliant But it's not always going to happen. You're going to have those bad spells as well So it's up to you to create the evidence for yourself by how you interpret the world when it occurs So guess what I'm trying to say is this You're your own best teacher The reason you're you're your own best teacher is the stuff that you find out the problems that you encounter When you find out the solution to them you own that knowledge Everything I found out. I've had to find out pretty much firsthand But it comes part of me because of that In doing so in finding what it is uh, the solutions to your problems In being your own best teacher um You become congruent with it You own that knowledge and that's what causes the change in you. That's what causes us to all develop Life is about learning and growing. It's all the play that I ever do I learn from it and I grow from it and I always enjoy it Conversations for me Aren't stressy. They aren't horrible anxiety occurs I still get it. I love it But rather than trying to blast through it Why would I do that? I'd rather just get addicted to it. So that's exactly what I do If I feel that uncomfortable feeling in my tummy I'm like Awesome I'm gonna revel in it. I'm gonna turn the volume up in it. I'm gonna make it even worse So when I'm drinking that bottle of vodka on the train, that's making my tummy go even worse That's making my toes curl um It's the people that are self-amused To have the most fun the risk is though The fear of looking insane Because you think okay if I act like a kid again if I'm playful if I slide down banisters If I start enjoying myself what are other people gonna think?  It's what you think so I'm gonna open the floor to questions. You've been a A great audience Any questions? Yes, sir The orange Is what are you listening? The orange is your breakfast what what the orange symbolizes Is the juice that comes out the orange Yeah, and you You have emotions, right? But an orange is an orange. You can be whatever fruit you want to be. That sounds a bit kinky Okay, what's the difference between charisma infuse as and enthusiasm? Uh, I think enthusiasm is reveling in the challenge. I'm thinking you're gonna apply your skill to something You can be enthusiastic picking up a shelf. You can be enthusiastic digging a hole charisma is about interacting with people About being emotionally contagious now enthusiasm does create emotions in yourself and they do rub off But for me my my overall look at charisma is well, there's actually seven parts Isn't that always convenient always seven, but it's your belief your attitude to life Your spontaneity that's not running out of things to say Your charm, which is how you make people feel in your presence your actual presence Also your ability to connect to people and lastly Your conversation skills in terms of rhetoric. So your ability to influence as you speak So I hope that helps so for me enthusiasm is more about if you're going to jump into something So if I see that situation where oh god, there's somebody I can go and talk to Yep, let's give it a go Of course, that's going to carry off some emotion as I go Yes, sir Okay, excellent question. So you're you're saying how can you Start getting evidence for yourself that you're awesome rather than waiting for the world to tell you that you're awesome Again, it comes down to how you look at the world if you want to do it straight away It's It's looking for the best in everything So in the situation I gave in the talk where the Ferrari is pulling along Our perspective generally is who's this guy who's just cut in front of everyone and now he's using the space of the ambulance But if we can be objective and say well, you know what from another perspective it could be that that guy's just in a mad rush and You know, there's no problem at all So a way I look at it is this um Negative emotions are great Everyone says I'll be positive. Yeah positive emotions are awesome as well But you're born with negative emotions for a reason for starters. It's where all humor comes from You know, if we had no negative emotions comedy would be boring as The trick though is to turn the negative stuff when it happens into a positive So the way I love doing that is playing that game from the polyana book It's just thinking that's great because um, for example, I step outside and it starts pouring with rain Oh, that's great. I could do with a shower. I haven't had one for a few days Or let's say something more extreme happens. Let's say I'm unfortunate enough to get my leg blown off Could happen Hopefully not on this stage It would be a bit of a death trap if it would but let's say I lose my leg and I hope I hope I do keep it But if it disappears Oh, well, at least my trousers last twice as long now or do you know what I'm going to have the most convincing pirate impression you've ever seen I just need to lose this for a hook So it's how I interpret the world that keeps me upbeat and happy It's nice when the world pats us on the back.  How are you going to make that emotion as happy as possible? Can you turn it into a game? Can it be fun? Can it be like, oh, do you know what? I'm late for this meeting, but check me out doing my own thing Turning up the radio Or you can just go oh my god, I'm going to be late for this meeting There's nothing you can do about it All fear exists in the future stuff that hasn't happened yet all sadness exists in the past And all happiness exists right now in this moment. And that's the only thing you own is just the moment Being aware of everything that's going on and enjoying every damn minute of it You'll know if you can do that or not if you can enjoy the moment Go somewhere that's completely boring go to a room with four white walls And sit in there and if you can be happy on your own In that room then you've cracked it you've mastered it Now that I think about it a lot of insane people get put in four walls Wait a minute. There's a bit of correlation. Yes Hey there, what about the the classic kind of charismatic bad boy type character?  Is that person making the person he's speaking to fill in the motion And two is he dealing with the emotions as they come towards him? And I think the answer in both cases is yes.  Maybe and then Um, you know, she gives him a slap. I don't know. It's just unreactive to it So he's deciding how he's going to filter the emotions when they get given to him Yes, sir You mentioned your burk earlier on. What's it called and where can you get it from? Okay, uh, I'm a terrible marketer. So if I was better, I'd be selling that and going and you can buy my 89 dvd Uh set but um, my book is free and it's from my website your charisma coach com And that will tell you all the techniques that I used to become a better conversationist But the emotions are everything conversation and the ability to talk to people. It's a bit like a water slide The flume allows the water to go down the slide, right? And that's the conversation the water itself is the emotion If you've got a slide with no water you get a really sore bum Or If you've got the water and no slide that's called a waterfall So the ability to connect to people you need the conversation to a point because it allows you that That channel of communication the emotion you then put down it is everything Fill that emotion yourself first So guys It's been an absolute pleasure Thank you very much