Thank you, my name is Oliver Davis, this is Ian Dennis, we're both from Cardiff University, and we're going to do a bit of a double act today so hopefully that will be a smooth transition between us, but who knows maybe a bit of Lauren Harliro. Our other colleague, Johannes Moule-Kissing, from Germany couldn't make it today, but hopefully we will do him justice. So, we're talking about hillfords in Germany. Hillfords in southern Germany, of course, are the so-called first insitzer of Barton Wurtenburg. They have become particularly well known in recent years, and rightly so spectacular finds from places like the Haudenberg and the Glouberg. Hylfawds yn y rest of Germany, however, particularly those in the central German Highlands, the so-called Mittelgeberg Zone. I'm not a natural linguist, by the way, so apologies for my German pronunciation. In these areas, they receive much less attention. The INA settlement pattern in these regions is really dominated by un-enclosed farming settlements, mainly located in the river valleys, but there are hylfawds, around 70 or so are known in this area. Very few, noticeably, are located to the north of this region, within the so-called north German plain. Well, sites that we would traditionally call hylfawds, there are sites palisaded in closed sites in that area. Hylfawds in this region, though, of Germany, is sort of north central Highlands. Some of them are, however, spectacular and have produced remarkable finds. For example, the weapon deposits found at the Dunsberg and the Wilsenberg, some of the weapons clearly treated or destroyed before deposition, the sort of bending of sword blades. Quite reminiscent, I suppose, of the treatment of Remain, or the treatment of these type of material at the so-called Gaelic sanctuaries like Gwne, Surawand, Rhybun mor Suranko that we heard about earlier. As a whole, though, there's been relatively little excavation of hylfawds in the area. Most sites are forest-covered, so like the Hununberg in the top right-hand corner here, and therefore not really threatened by development. So little or no rescue archaeology. That's coupled with a real lack of major large-scale research projects. This means that we have a really poor understanding, of even basic questions such as chronology or function. Our work then has actually concentrated mainly on this region, let me call it North East Vesvalia, and it's really an attempt to kind of address this imbalance of knowledge. The work is a collaboration between Cardiff University and Bochum University in Germany and the Lippishlander Museum. We like to think of this as a kind of reverse Brexit, if you will. The project did start at the point of the Brexit vote that was made, rather ironically. The region is on the boundary of what is traditionally and probably rather unhelpfully called the Celtic and Germanic worlds. Topographically, it can be separated into a lowland north area and sort of an upland southern area, and that's broadly separated by the Tüterburgo ridge, which is this promontary of land here, which is forest-covered, the so-called Tüterburgo forest, known famously historically as the location of the victory of Germanic tribes unified under the leader Arminius against the Roman legions, and really sort of checked Roman advances into this kind of north German area. A number of hillfords known in this region, about 29 in total, and they're really arranged into two distinct groups, a northern group and a southern group. In the south the hillfords tend to be smaller, they tend to be located much closer together, but our work is concentrated on this northern group of around 11 sites, which are larger and distributed generally further apart. Hillfords in this kind of northern group then enclose areas ranging from about 6 to 30 hectares, but most of them enclose areas in the range of 7 to 10 hectares in size. All but one are what we would call multivalate. The rodent stat is the only one which apparently only has a single rampart. This could suggest then kind of development over time, but certainly some elements of these hillfords, the smaller inner enclosures here at the Twinsburg, for instance, and Babyloni are almost certainly demonstrated to be medieval in origin, so there's kind of early medieval reuse of these sites. Generally, while parts of the hillfords crown the tops of hills or ridges, the enclosures themselves appear to be kind of tilted in particular directions, as if to make the interior kind of highly visible to the adjacent lowland valleys. Interestingly, the multivalation is often also orientated in that direction. The entrances vary from simple gaps at the rodent stat to highly elaborate with hornworks at the Hirlingsburg. The differences may be chronological, they may be developing over time, but that's not really very well understood. Another interesting point is that almost all of them contain natural springs, and this seems to be a deliberate decision which is made that the ramparts themselves appear to deviate from their courses to make sure that they include the springs within the interior areas. The first studies of hillfords in this region were undertaken by Klostermaier in the 1800s, and he and his successors really saw them as kind of Germanic fortifications built to repel the Roman advances into the region, and this was memorialised famously with the construction of the Statue of Arminius, the Hermann's Denchamel in the actual hillfords of the Grottenberg. New work after World War II in the 50s and the 60s by people like Hohenschwerth began to kind of challenge this view, but unfortunately the excavations have remained rather small scale, and so interpretations haven't really moved on particularly. Of this kind of northern group of hillfords, the best known I suppose is that of the Hodenberg by Gellinghausen. This has been recently excavated on a relatively large scale by Werner Best, shown it mainly to be a medieval but actually with Iron Age origins. Excavations within the inner enclosure identified a timber box Iron Age rampart fronted by stone and with a substantial gate house which you can see in this bottom right hand image. The rampart itself appears to have been burnt and six spearheads were found scattered in the entrance way, leading the excavators to suggest that this was evidence of an assault onto the site. But I think if you take this together with the metal finds from the other sites, such as the Dunsberg and the Wilsonberg, it may be suggestive of other practises, potentially even deliberate deposition, potentially cultic behaviour or the display of war trophies at these sites. Excavations within the interior suggested that there was evidence of occupation and radiocarbon dates suggesting the construction of the site at some point in the 4th to 2nd centuries BC. Our work then has actually concentrated on two of the other hillfords to the north of the Gutenberg, that of the Grottenberg and the Pippencock, which are situated on the Dutaberg region and the Pippencock to the northeast. I'll hand over to my colleague here at this point. Okay. So, we began the programme a couple of years ago in 2017 and we were asked to collaborate to work on two hillfords. The ones that we chose that my German colleagues are very interested in was the first one was the Grottenberg, which is obviously where Arminius is located. Arminius is located in the centre, as you can see on the plan. It was dug by Nablitsky in 1951 and he put around, I think, 10 trenches on the outer works. There is an inner works where Arminius is located, where two more trenches were placed. And these, again, were systematically dug. The records of the Grottenberg from Dettemawr Museum have actually disappeared. So, again, we were asked to actually re-investigate, look at it, try and find some more dating evidence. Both the hillfords that we've investigated have only got one date. The Grottenberg has a bit of a strange one. It's known for the Groswbunnering or the large stone wall that goes around the outside. And yet, the literature says that the dates in for it came from a palisade part of the rampart. So, we went to re-investigate and first one we put up. Yes, that's it. So, we, again, as Alia mentioned, we are in a heavy forested area. So, trying to find a nice place to put your trench is a bit of hard work, especially as the trees are up and standing and also ones that have died and then obviously on the rampart itself. So, although our trenches over the time may be a little bit bitty, it's because it's not that we can't join them. It's because there's trees in the way that actually can do it. So, the first bit that we exposed was towards the south on the southern half of the rampart where the stone wall is visible. Clearly off, quite good preservation, good archaeology. There are sorts of construction methods to the wall. It's salio with large stones and then evidence for possible posts within the centre. You can see a postpacking and then around that postpacking was some burning and then when we removed it all, we could see there's a burning patch which hopefully would get some dating evidence for to give us some idea of maybe when this was first constructed. And then we're down onto what I think it's called in general the flaming's mile, which is a lovely copper mile with nice and bright and orange. We were also very interested in the interior. Again, the Besky reported that they found an area on the inside where there are post holes in a line that could be structured. Again, we used our geophysics that had been done, so we located an area where we could actually fit the area in. Again, and we started to find very similar post holes. So, they looked very regular, very in a line and I was talking with the forester and Johannes and I looked around and I went, they're in line with all the beach trees. So what we've actually got is a beach tree plantation where they use a quora, pop it in, it gets to three or four years old and they take it out and they're like, oh no, so there's absolutely nothing there. They're like, oh wow, we can wrap that one up, that was easy, that's fine. But what we have found at the Gronberg is that it's been absolutely worked to death by modern car parks, visitor centres, everything. There have been no fines from the Gronberg apart from one peeler that was found on Trench 5 towards the north of it. That has had a report on it and this year we're actually digging because we reopened up the trenches from that area and we found another socket that made it from the spear that has come through. The two photographs at the north, this is where the alleged palisade is or was and we refound the old German trenches from 1951 and re-excavated them out and they had found a post at the back but then they'd stopped sure to actually carry on over to the wall so that was really good because we've actually now found evidence of the wall to the northern side which they didn't think was actually there as you can see but also it's been very robbed out because in the 13th to 14th century in the medieval period there is documentation that somebody paid whoever it was to land over to take the stone away and we also know that when they built the Arminius monument they used a lot of the stone as the rubble core for the action monument itself. So the wall would probably have been a lot more impressive. That was one of our latest excavations. This is on the bottom photo this summer and our wall was in much, much better condition, much larger, not better preserved and we have got features appearing at the back and structures that are putting up onto the wall. So I then run over another 35km at the same time or if you're in the Gronberg we were into the Pippencoff. So the Pippencoff is just outside Lemgo which is about 35 miles north of Dettmold near a town called Dordantrup. We have a Llyda image of the Pippencoff and you can see it's got the multi-vallet. We've got the blue inner. The yellow is a palisade one and the green one we're not too sure it has been recorded but no one's actually ever dropped a trench over that one yet to see what it actually consists of. Excavations were done by Nabiletic again in 1939. He did three snits or trenches over the two on the inner ramparts and one on the palisade ramparts. Hone Schwert again reinvestigated and dropped another trench or snitfall over the war and rampart in 1966. And this is where we came in because snit two towards the north was not finished. War broke out so they just left the trench open. And during the poor war period the Pippencoff was used as a quarry because it's got port sites so it's a very important resource for the Germans and so they got a large quarry to the north. Our main objective of what we were asked to do we were to open up the old trench from 1939 re-evaluate and re-record. So as you can see we cut it back really quite nice depending on the 1939 German trenches which were quite nice. The wall is in situ in sections sorry and if you look at the bottom right hand one what we have got is the back of the rampart which shows some really nice burning and you have an upright post with a beam coming at the back. This was really quite surprising because it's really well burnt with a really dark layer. So this year again we carried on with our excavations and we opened up a lot more area towards the north of the wall and as we got up there low and behold more and more burning at the back of the rampart with the posts upright and large carbonised beams this was also prevalent in Honeysworth and Netflix's work on the lower ramparts the whole of the rampart of the Pippencoff has been burnt systematically and the one thing that we noted as we were going down the soil or the clays above the burning is also scorched very close proximity of it being burnt they've actually then covered it with more material which has got ceramic finds within it so probably within 48 hours of the burning they're beginning to start to cover this up which is a bit strange. We did do some work on the interior again the heat this year actually a calf killed my students so we couldn't work as a bigger area as we wanted but we did find in a 4x4 metre area that we dug over 200 shirts that was coming out spindle walls, finger impressed I think it's called a rubbed square roughen and saggy on the outside and that was quite a lot but there was no associated features within that area but we'll go back next year and we're going to hope not to be a good sandboy 20 square metre area Thank you Ian trying to bring that together with some kind of narrative there what can we actually say standing back from the detail then there are a number I think of common patterns when looking at our work at the Pippertgoff and the Grottenburg and actually looking at other excavations of small scale excavations in the area perhaps one of the most striking elements we've already heard about this in an Irish context is the burning of the ramparts this seems to be quite a consistent pattern that's been identified at the Pippertgoff at the Grottenburg and actually at all the health forts that have been excavated in the area burnt ramparts have been increasingly recognised in recent years of the pitrified forts of Britain and France to the Irish health forts that we've heard about before the break and even the first incits in the southern Germany seem to have burning events that have been revealed and are often attributed to accidents or the result of external or internal conflict but I think there are a number of problems with using those kinds of interpretations for the best volume sites firstly if you use the tactical use of fire in an assault you might expect localised burning particularly around entrances however at sites like the Pippertgoff it's the entire rampart which has been systematically burnt down second the burning of the timber elements is unlikely to be accidental because it would have required considerable resources accelerants, brushwoods smearing it with animal fat things like that to aid combustion and finally the systematic destruction of the rampart whilst it could be the punitive raising after capture there would have been little point at the Pippertgoff what Ian forgot to mention was that a charcoal analysis showed that the timber beams were heavily rotten, decayed this was a hill foot that was already structurally compromised yet it was chosen at this point to be destroyed through fire so whilst violent endings can't be discounted perhaps you could also consider that these are deliberate acts of conspicuous destruction and possibly potentially by the inhabitants if we accept that a hill foot might have been understood as a physical representation of the community that would have been brought together to create it then its physical destruction would also signify the dramatic ending of that community or those community relationships the glow from a burning hill foot would have been spectacular, highly visible and its meaning would have been seen and felt far and wide the interiors of these sites continue to be little understood and large-scale open area exploration is desperately needed and planned for however there are noticeable terraces contained in many of the hill foes have been identified through LINDAR suggesting that they are potentially intensively occupied and they might be related to the phases of the concentration or centralisation of populations in terms of locations as well they obviously sit in elevated locations but these are somewhat peripheral to the lowlands that were presumably more regularly occupied and the hill forts appear designed to directly overlook those lower line areas in other words the hill forts are part of bigger landscapes as part of a round of movement that points along natural routeways the pathways that people and animals are regularly treading finally just think about chronology here dating is really not very good but when we bring together all of the dates from all of the sites we sit at all the radiocarbon dates that does seem to be a specific construction horizon between the 4th and 2nd centuries between 400 and 200 BC why they appear at that point is not well understood and hopefully has a question that we may begin to answer their emergence does coincide with broad changes in burial rites which may indicate profound social changes but whether hill forts are a result or a cause of these changes is an interesting question interestingly this period precedes, proceeds the abandonment of the hill forts in the south we seem to be getting centralisation in the north those first in the south we seem to be seeing the decentralisation of populations so just to conclude then north east of Esfalio it's not a coherent pattern there are distinct groups of hill forts in this area considerable labour is being put into not just their construction but also into their destruction which I think is a very interesting point probably at some point in the 4th century although their abandonment is still a little bit unclear we haven't got dates for their abandonment but I suspect they're relatively short lived there's little evidence of ramparts for instance being reconstructed so perhaps we're seeing moves towards centralised social forms around this time but it's not linear and we get decentralisation of populations again mirrors at a later date those kinds of social trajectories that we see in southern Germany thank you


A Minnesota motorist with a lengthy history of driving while intoxicated is accused of killing a 21-year-old man in a hit and run on a northern Minnesota highway. 47-year-old Bruce Passwood of Pondsford was charged with two counts of criminal vehicular homicide in Becker County after prosecutors say he fatally struck Joshua Jones also of Pondsford on Thursday evening.


Hi everyone, Joe for Jaspy's casebreaks.com. Happy Sunday, coming at you with a hanger box here. 2023 Tops Series One, hangar box break number 12. That's gonna fill up that multi sport madness break coming up in the next video. Big thanks to this group for getting in on it. And there are the teams right there, so let's do the break first, and then we'll do a different dice roll for the giveaway part. Three and a two, five times for names and teams. One, two, three, four, and five. Three and a two, five times for the teams. One, two, three, four, and five. All right, it's a new month, so font fans, we're going with a slightly seraphie font.  No, Roboto slab, not Roberto. Sorry, Roberto. All right, there you go. It's a little more seraphie here. Here's the next month we'll go sans seraphie. Again, we'll switch off. But a new look for July. Big thanks to everybody here. There's the first half of the list. Here's the second half of the list. No trade windows and filler breaks as many of you know by now. Sort by team, and let's print and rip. And the next multi sport break is in the store right now. Gaspyscasebreaks.com, check it out. So here's the final printout. Let me switch screens here. Here's the final printout, hot off the presses. Sunday, July 2nd, 2023. Hope everyone's enjoying their holiday weekends. Not sure how that works. Fourth of July lands kind of awkwardly this year on a Tuesday. So what happens? Do people, for you Monday through Friday or is what happens? Are you taking the Monday off and you get fourth off?  Kind of weird, right? I'm obviously working the Sunday, Monday, and then getting the Tuesday off and then taking a little bit of time off after that. So I've kind of planned ahead. But that's maybe people have to do. They're planning ahead and working some vacay days around working some vacation days around the weird fourth of July day. I'm crazy. Here. The vet comments won't ship, but all those rookies will ship. And these triple player cards will go to the first person that doesn't get a spot in that multi-sport. So it'll be a little consolation prize for you. All right, so let's switch screens again. Let's gather everybody's names one through 30. New dice, new list. And it'll be the top eight after nine. Top eight after nine will get into the multi-sport break. Fingers crossed, good luck. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, and ninth and final time. So after nine, only the top eight can get in. So from nine on down through 30, it's going to be sad times. But I appreciate you giving it a shot. Tammy, very close. No cigar this time. We'll get him next time. Top eight, happy times for you. Douglas, you're happy. So is Mark, Aaron, Joseph, William, Dennis, Joseph, and Aaron again. Congrats to the top eight. We'll see in the next video for the multi-sport break, jaspyscasebreaks.com. Bye-bye.


The Lib Dems must be condemned to be treated with maximum contempt forever, they are the ones that effectively allowed David Cameron to impose austerity and to usurp even liberal values. So the Lib Dems, if there is any justice in this world, will go nowhere near government and especially they will not go near government on the coattails of the Labour Party and the Cobins Labour Party. Yes, we do need a coalition, but the Labour Party is the coalition, the Labour Party is a broad church. That doesn't mean that you don't strike deals or you have a good understanding with people like Karol Nain Lukas here in Brighton, from the Green Party, with the Scottish National Party, absolutely, absolutely. But you draw a line somewhere and I think that the line needs to be drawn on the question of austerity and on the question of property rights. Anyone who challenges the need to reverse decades of austerity and anybody who challenges the need to shift property rights from the few to the many should simply have no place in such a coalition. So you're reversing privatisation, the Liberal Democrats disagree, we shoot. They're out. They're out. Let them, you know, hobnob with Johnson, they deserve it. What do you think it says more generally about Liberalism today? It's dead. It's a dead ideology. It's, I mean, not Liberalism, the Liberals Liberalism, because they betrayed it. They introduced, Nick Clegg was responsible for introducing hugely anti-liberal legislation, legislation that denied people, you know, people in their own remand, their basic habea corpus rights. So when the Liberal Party, it's a bit like Syriza and Greece, when the coalition of the radical left cuts the lowest pensions there are, privatizes everything and imposes huge stringent austerity. It seems to be, it's not that the left has failed, it's not that the socialism has died as an idea. It's that this party is no longer able to be counted as part of the left. Similarly, I mean, I think that Liberalism is always going to be with us. And I have a Libertarian stake in me. And I think that Karl Marx had one too. You can't be a believer in the emancipation of the working class of women, of blacks, of minorities, and not be a liberal.  But the Lib Dems have abandoned Liberalism a long time ago.


Ashwood Forest has legends. The mailbox is one of them. I'm a deputy in a small town surrounded by forest. The forest isn't like normal ones, no, this one's different, even if I try to convince myself that it's all in my head. For one, there are many legends around the Ashwood Forest starting with the mailbox. The legend goes like this, there's a mailbox deep in the middle of the Ashwood Forest. It doesn't stay there for long, but if you happen to come across it, the mailbox will have something in it as the flag will be standing up. If you look inside, there will be a letter with your name on it and nothing else.  That's just legend, stories to keep kids from wandering too far in and getting in trouble, but there is truth to that legend. I found out about that truth two years ago. I was just starting as deputy and I had big shoes to fill after deputy grand retired and I was trying very hard to impress my superiors as well as grand. I was in way over my head. It was a disappearance case. Local hunter hadn't returned home when he said he would and his wife called it in. We conducted a search party and started the search. I was in group two with Mac Peterson and Brooke Justin, two very close friends of mine as well as co-workers. It's probably nothing. He got lost in the trail, couldn't find his way back. Peterson said, stepping over a fallen tree trunk in his way. Yeah, but what if he's hurt? You have no compassion Mac. Justin countered. Peterson was about to complain further when I spotted something. Guys? Does that look like a mailbox to you? I said, pointing at the quite obvious red flag of a mailbox.  Why is there a mailbox out here? Peterson walked ahead to it. I was a bit more weary of the odd decor. Wait, Peterson, don't open it. I called. Something about the mailbox made me feel scared, wrong as if opening it would cause something bad to happen. Peterson ignored my request and walked closer. Birds shot from the trees in droves. I heard the deer nearby scamper off into the forest like the creatures knew that opening the mailbox was wrong. I was not as lucky as the woodland creatures. I was unable to run away. Peterson opened the mailbox and froze. I walked closer to him. Trying to get a look inside, no matter how much my body protested the thought of going near it. Mac. I asked, looking to Justin, who had the same look of blank confusion. They didn't even register my existence. In a trance-like state, Peterson took out the letter inside and opened it. I could read it from over his shoulder. And as I read it, I adopted the same feeling of confusion and fear. A scream pierced the quiet of the forest. Peterson dropped the letter, snapping out of his trance, like Justin. What was that? Peterson asked, forgetting about the mailbox in front of him. I looked away for a moment. And when I looked back, much to my deep discomfort, it was gone. The whole thing, the mailbox, the letter, the depression where the mailbox was before, looked like a normal clearing. We never did find that hunter. That scream must have come from him, but no matter how long we searched, we didn't find a trace of him. The cabin he was using was cleared out, and there was no discernible trail. The man just dropped off the map. But one thing did come out of that search. We didn't find the man, but we found the truth of the mailbox legend.  In fact, nothing of that sort. It tells you a piece of information. This is what it said. To Mack Peterson, Brooke Justin, and Atticus Brooks, beware the creatures who roam the woods, not all of them are good. Some are harmless, small, and sublime, while others seek to take lives. If you hear the scream of a ghost nearby, you know it's time to hide. For the creature who stalks the woods at night isn't far behind. If you ever visit Ashwood and happen to find a mailbox deep in the woods, don't go near it. Run as fast as you can. The creature is not far behind. Update. This is my second post so far, but I'm not sure how many there will be based on my luck. Ashwood is dangerous, even if the residents like to ignore that. So far, nothing in the present day has gone awry except for run-ins with the mailbox and the doors. Yeah, let's talk about those.  And it's not old doors. It's like you took pictures of random doors in your neighborhood and then put them in the middle of the woods. I've never opened one. I know better than that. It was the same feeling when I was near the mailbox, a sense of foreboding. Some people weren't so lucky. The reason I know that these doors are bad is because I've seen what's behind them, and it's not pretty. I lost an officer to them, a rookie. She was young, a weak, fresh, and had been subjected to all the pranks possible at the office. She was a good sport, but desperately wanted an excuse to get out of the office. She got it. When I asked her to come with me to look for another missing person, we get a lot of those due to Ashwood Forest. It was a teenage girl. Parents reported her missing after she went into the forest with friends for a party. We were walking when we came across one of the doors. There wasn't the first time I'd seen one. Deputy Grant had showed me them before he retired. The week before he retired, he had a few more things to go over. One that involved the doors. He took me out to Ashwood Forest and followed an erratic trail, almost kind of wandering. Finally, we came across a dark wood door with a glittery plastic sign that said Welcome. I was immediately uneasy. This here is one of the doors. No one knows where they come from, but we have rules. He said, I silently listened to him list the rules, because I knew that I'd need them in the future, no matter how stupid and far-fetched they seemed. No matter what, don't open them. If you see them, just turn the other way. They latch onto people who come too close, those who are susceptible to it. Any questions, kid? Yeah, you said susceptible. What does that mean? Deputy Grant looked at the door and signed. People who look at those doors feel a pull, a desire to go near it, to open it. No one knows why people do this or why people are susceptible, it's just the way it is. Deputy Grant looked at me and had a question of his own. Do you feel it, Brooks? The pull. I looked at the door. Even looking at it caused a ripple of dread to run down my spine. Every brain cell screamed at me to get away. No, no, no I don't. Deputy Grant hummed and looked back at the door. Well then, congrats Brooks, you're one of the lucky ones. When I took Kingston out, I never expected to run into a door which Deputy Grant would scold me for. Always be prepared for anything is his motto, but in this town you can't always be prepared for everything, you'll go insane. We came to a clearing and there was a door, a nice one plucked from a rich neighborhood with a reef on it. Easter, I think. I immediately noticed Kingston's eyes dull slightly and moved to go toward it. Brooks, what's with the door? I grabbed her wrist as fast as I could, trust me, don't go near them.  Come on Brooks, lighten up, it's just a random door, although it does look new. Don't touch it, let's go this way, you can see the trail right there, I said, but she completely ignored me. Before I could stop her, her hand touched the doorknob and she turned it. As soon as she opened it, her body froze, every single muscle tensed and she went rigid. I yelled at her, I shook her, nothing, Olivia, Olivia can hear me. I tried to yank her away from the door, but it felt like her feet were nailed to the ground. I made the mistake of taking a peek inside. It was just black, utter darkness, no light, it was so dark, it was almost endless. It felt cold and hopeless and I get chills just remembering it.  And after it was shut, it just vanished. She was still rigid, but I got her to walk for a few minutes and she returned to semi-normal. We did find the girl, surprisingly, usually a missing person is a certain death sentence.  But Olivia was never the same again. Two weeks after she opened the door, she had a mental breakdown that landed her in a psych ward. As far as I know, she's still there. And there's something else. What maybe scared me even more was at her desk, the things she wrote on it. When her things were removed, we had to throw away the desk because of all the writing on it. This is what she wrote. The doors have called you home. You can feel it in your bones, the time has come to be one with the doors that call you home.  So now, you know the warning, if you happen to find the doors in Ashwood Forest, don't open them. I'd hate to know what home is.


In the last four years, our pulse import has gone up by seventeen percent, okay? We are one country which consumes maximum amount of pulses, but we are not able to grow them anymore because there is no water. Most of it is rain water irrigated, but rain is not dependable anymore, suddenly it rains heavily again, it doesn't. One fundamental reason is there is not enough vegetation on the land. We need to understand this, that before 1950s, we were having famines in this country. When we had famines, what is the kind of number you think it killed? Does it kill in dozens or hundreds in thousands? It killed in millions. Here in two-and-a-half months, three-and-a-half million people, okay, in the Bengal famine in 1943, we are once again driving ourselves into the same place. Well, people may not die in that many numbers because today you will import food, this, that will happen, all that will happen, but there will be serious disruption of life because once there is no water in the village, you will have an exodus. You will have people camping in your city roads all over, you can't do nothing with them, okay? If you try to do anything with them, they'll get violent. The civil strife that you're looking at in the next thirty, forty years is very, very big. This is not about just trying to paint a doomsday picture. We are clearly driving in a certain direction. If we don't change our direction now, inevitably we'll go towards certain situations. Now we need an enforceable policy which will determine around the water bodies how we should live, what we should do and what we should not do. This must be an enforceable law, otherwise this not going to work. If we do something right in the next eight to ten years, if we sustain the way we do it, you can see in the next fifteen to twenty-five years the flows in the river can go up by fifteen to twenty percent. Let's say in the next fifteen, twenty years we leave it and then we attempt it. Then it will take hundred to hundred-and-fifty years to turn around. This is not activist talk, this is proper science.


today namely Anya Boyle who's online from Burtonport is it Anya? Yes, that's right, yep. How are you? My little birdie tells me that you are recovering from a dose of the flu, is that right? Yes, I'm dead over three weeks now. That's the problem for some people, it lingers on. Yeah, absolutely. Because we've had people here and if they got it and you know weeks later, still not right. So anyway, are you getting a wee bit better every day? I am getting a wee bit better, yeah. Just finished the tablets today. Okay, well, I wish you well. I hope you hope you get over it soon. Thank you, thank you. And you're up against the indubitable Sue Moss who is in stern order. Hello, Sue. Hello, John, how are you doing? Good, good. How are things with you today? Oh, they're not too bad. It's a cold day out there. It is cold, yeah. You're not recovering from the flu or anything? No, no, I might.  Anyway, you're ready to play. You don't need super strength to play this game, that's for sure. No. Anyway, how it works is there's 10 boxes and if you're if you're looking at this online, we've got a graphic as well. You can watch it on YouTube or Facebook and the 10 boxes are in there. I haven't a clue which one it's behind because the feature that we're looking for today is a feature on the new Citroen C4XU edition at Highland Motors in Lerner, Kenny and a fabulous car. But the feature that we're looking for today is on the road from 29,900. If you get the box that's behind, you win the 50 euro shop LK voucher. The best of luck. I'm going to start with with the top name on my list here. Anyhow, Anya, if that's okay with you, Sue. Anya, pick a box. Yes. Okay, I'm going to go for number four. Number four. Okay, box number four as he was behind it. No, that's LED headlights. So any of what we're looking for, Sue. I'll go for number two. Number two. Box number two has free one-year road tax. Okay, back to you, Anya. Okay, number eight. Number eight. And behind box number eight. Yes, it is from 299 on the road. So you're the winner today, Anya. Oh my goodness. Thank you very much. Not at all. That'll hopefully help you maybe weave it. Anyhow, get a little bit of a clue. You never know. Fantastic, fantastic. Thanks, Sue, for taking part. Oh, I've been thanks, John. All right. Thanks, my back.


Hi and welcome to the session. Let's work out the following question. The question says draw a circle of radius 3.5 centimetre from a point P outside the circle at a distance of 6 centimetre from the centre of circle draw two tangents to the circle. So let's start with the solution to this question. We see the steps of construction for this one. One is draw a circle radius 3.5 centimetre. So like this we draw a circle of radius 3.5 centimetre. Step two is from centre O of the circle take a point P at a distance of 6 centimetre that this O P should be equal to 6 centimetre. So this is O P that is equal to 6 centimetre. Step three is draw a perpendicular bisector of O P which meets O P at M or which meets O P at M. So like this we draw the perpendicular bisector of O P that meets O P at the point M. Step four is taking O M as radius draw a circle which cuts the previous circle at the point S and T. So with the O M as radius we draw a circle which cuts the previous circle at the point S and the point T. Step five is join P S and P T. So this is how we join P S and P T. So P S and P T are required tangents from a point P outside the circle at a distance of 6 centimetre from the centre of the circle. So this is our solution to this question. I hope that you understood it and enjoyed this session. Have a good day.


Think about yourself, like I know a ton of Stingy people, they're Stingy when they tip a waiter, they're Stingy with valet, they're Stingy with charity, that might be you. What he suggests, Seneca here, great philosopher, he said, switch it up, be liberal with those things because you can always earn those back if you over tip somebody who cares you can make more money, but you can't get back time.


Okay, so this is part two for networking and meeting people face to face, doing face to face networking. If you haven't seen part one, then I'll link to it here. If I figure out how to link to it on the screen, otherwise I'll link to it down below. I'm not very good with all this stuff. So, but anyway, as I mentioned before in the first video, networking is something I've always hated and loathed really, but after many years, in fact, I've probably delayed a lot of my business because I didn't go networking. After many years, I realized I need to be receptive to networking and actually do it. And so I just started keeping notes to try to help me and try to systematize it. So I'm basically sharing my notes. They go in chronological order. And so in the first video, I got up to the point where you arrive there, an overall strategy once you get there at the networking event. So I'm going to continue from there. The next point that I have, let's go back to my notes, oh, it's a strategy for meeting people. So when you're meeting people, there are a couple things. This is the part that I hate. This is the part that I dread, right? Because when you're meeting people, you're just saying, hi, I don't know who you are. You don't know who I am. What do I do? What do I do? And many times these people look all like they know everyone already, and so why are they going to talk to you? And anyway, so there are a couple things to keep in mind, at least that I keep in mind. If you see, first of all, if you see one person walking by themselves, preferably a bit lost like you, that's perfect. These are the people, these are the easy targets, the people you want to target. Many times, at least in my experience, these are the less outgoing people, because the more outgoing people have already found people to talk to no problem.  I don't know how they do it. But anyway, these will be the more introverted people. So sometimes it'll take a bit to get out of them.  So it might be a bit of work. But realize they're in the same boat as you are. So they're going to be happy to talk to someone. So just talk to them, you know, and just start out talking to them and see where it takes you. Because these are the easiest people to approach. They want you to approach them. And so these are the ones. So when I'm going to my section, the baseball diamond that I explained before, if I see someone by themselves, that's probably who I'll target first. Also because I know I'm helping them out in a way. And they're looking for someone too, so I can feel helpful in that sense. If there are two people talking to each other, this is usually what we want to avoid because we're like, oh no, they're already in a conversation. I don't want to interrupt. But keep this in mind. If there are two people talking to each other, they either A, already know each other, in which case they know they should be networking at this event. And but they're probably too shy to do so well. They're in their comfort zone because they're talking to someone they know.  And they feel more secure because they have their buddy there and they can actually network and meet someone new. So it's actually good to approach them, you know, if they know each other already, if they're already friends. Another scenario, the B is that they don't know each other and they just met and they're just networking, in which case it doesn't matter. The more the merrier, right? They're there to network, they network with one person, they network with another. Suddenly you have a group. And suddenly, once you have a group of people, then you can sort of pick which one you like more or which one you have more in common to network with. So they don't mind that either. So when you see two people talking, don't feel intimidated. Go there and talk to them because no matter what the scenario, chances are they'll be happy to talk to you. So three people talking, I have this down as well. It's basically the same story. Even if a new guy came up, you know, why not? If some new guy came up and joined themselves to two people, why not another person join and make it a group? Once again, the more people you have, the more you can kind of pick and choose who to talk to. So at that point, I know it's hard when you have three people huddling and talking, but chances are if you kind of walk up to them and show that you're there, they'll open up and include you in the conversation. It's for the most part, you're at a networking event. That's what they're there for, right? Having said that, my next thing is to treat all people like friends. When I go up to these people, these group of people, I try to treat them as if they were my friends. You wouldn't interrupt your friends. If they're in the middle of talking, in the middle of a sentence, in the middle of explaining something, you wouldn't say, hi, my name is so-and-so, blah, blah, blah. You don't do that. You kind of wait in the sidelines and wait for a lull in the conversation, for a pause in the conversation for you to enter. So treat these people like friends. When you get there, just pretend like it's a group of friends, a group of people from your school or something like that, and just wait and then after a while be like, hey, how's it going? Hey, I'm so-and-so and blah, blah, blah. And so be kind of natural about it. You don't want to impose yourself. Also remember that everyone you talk to is a good contact. Even if someone says, I'm interested in Smurfs and that's what I do, don't discount that person right away, okay? You never know, A, what that person might need or who else that person knows. So everyone is a potential good contact.  I shouldn't have to say that. Anyway, just remember everyone's a good contact. In terms of avoiding people, they say there's no one you should really avoid, which is probably true. There are some people I tend to avoid. Like if two people are in a corner sitting down, for me, the big thing is sitting down and talking to themselves. Then they're kind of unapproachable. Cause if I approach, I'll be the guy standing up while they're sitting down. And many times these people already know each other. They're obviously not networking if they're sitting down. And it really depends how the chairs are, that you could be networking while sitting down. If you're at a table, then you have to sit down or stuff along those lines. But like recently I went to an event and there were people basically sitting on the couch, facing the window away and having a glass of wine. And I was kind of sort of trying to hover around there and I realized, what am I doing? These guys know each other. They have no interest in talking to other people. So those I avoided. So, gauge for yourself. But for me, that's what I have in my notes. So next, so you've been able to meet these people, approach them, and now you have to talk about something. So what are the topics of conversation to bring up?  But my, what I have in my notes here is first of all, be yourself.  If you're in a meeting of very professional people, don't try to act more professional than you are. If you're a meeting of entrepreneurs and they're all cool and hipster, don't try to be more cool and hipster than you are. Be yourself. I know it sounds so trite and it's so difficult to do in a way because you're like, what is it? But I don't know. For me, honestly, after I've had a beer, I'm a lot better at it and more relaxed, although I try to postpone drinking until later. But anyway, this will just come with time. Just keep it in mind to just be yourself. Don't feel too awkward about being yourself. You're not gonna click with everyone, but the ones you click with are the ones you're supposed to click with. Second of all, ask questions, ask about them. And no one doesn't like talking about themselves, right? Especially if there's someone who's interested and find things you have in common. You want them at the end of the day to have spoken more than you. That should be a goal of yours. So go them, well, what do you do? What are you interested in? Why are you here? Are you interested in the speaker? What's your interest in the speaker?  How was that? Oh, I've heard so much about that. That must be awesome. Keep them in conversation. Keep them talking. Find points in common. Say, oh, I went to that too. Did you like it? I thought it was awesome. Keep them talking. And that's sort of at least my goal, what I tried to do. And to have them talk as much as possible. Third of all, be open to sharing, but don't over promise. And by this, I mean, if they're looking for someone, if they're like, man, I need someone to do this, or I've been looking for a good insurance person or this, that, and the other, be like, I met some insurance people the other day. I can totally try to put you in touch. Be open about that. Share your context. Don't try to hoard context.  You can share as many contacts as you want. And once you share, you can say, you can be like, look, this is the person I just met. You don't have to vouch for them, but you can always share context. Don't over promise. Obviously, if they say, I need a good banker, be like, I know the best banker in the business. I'll put you in touch.  It'll be awesome if you don't know any banker, because why would you do that? A lot of people do that just because they want to sound cool or be more useful, but don't do that. Try to be a good contact for them, but be honest about it. And that's the thing. When you get there, you shouldn't be trying to sell your business. In fact, you shouldn't be selling your business at these events at all. I tried to be a good contact to them and be useful to them in some way or another because then they'll seek me out. And at least in my experience, that's been a good tactic. I have some don'ts here. Don't scan the room while they're talking to you. If they're talking to you, you're 100% on them, totally interested in what they're saying and you don't want to be looking around the room for anyone better. And definitely, definitely don't be looking at your phone while they're talking. Even if it buzzes, leave it there, okay? You're not looking at your phone, not looking at your watch, you're not looking at the room, you're looking at them, that's it. You can look at your drink a bit if you're drinking, but yeah, that's it. If you're talking about what you do, at a certain point they're gonna ask you what you do. If you're talking about what you do, ask yourself why the other person would care. So when I talk about what I do, I try to relate it to what that other person told me they do, if possible. If not, like recently I was talking to a physician, retired physician, doctor, I'm like, this guy isn't in business anymore, he's not looking for any business. He was a doctor and I don't do medical stuff. So what do I have in common? He started talking about technology and how it's really cool these days and then physicians are able to use it. So I just went with that, and he asked what I do and I said, technology's been changing what I do too, but I kind of try to bring it more to his stuff that I know he's interested in. And after a while we got to the fact that he had lived in Austria and had this international aspect and blah, blah, blah, and it actually became good, but you have to play around with that and try to see why they would care what you're talking about. You just say, this is what I do and I do it and I'm awesome. Okay, you know, what are they gonna do with that information? As a bonus, what I try to do now, if I can, is when people ask me what I do, I don't just say, oh, I'm in translations, I'm a freelance translator, I'm a translator, I have a translation agency, I don't do that. I try to find something to be excited about. So this will be like a project lately.  You'd be like, actually, I'm just about to start this new project, I'm really nervous. It's this new, you know, graphic design thing, but it's a big bank and I don't know how to go about it. You know, this shows excitement, shows involvement and it draws them a bit more into it. So if you can find a certain event, something to be excited about or nervous about for every time they ask you, then it's a lot better than just saying I do this, this and that. That's what I've repeated 50, you know, times to everyone. Find something a bit more spontaneous. And that's pretty much it. I see, I'm actually just gonna finish it up with a couple tips that I kind of give myself here. So first of all, if you can at a certain point find the organizer. You want to find whoever organized the event and this could be, you know, whoever set it up on Meetup or if it's organized by a certain sponsor or anything along those lines, try to find at least one of the organizers. They're, A, they're good contacts to have for future events. B, at least next time they organize something, you'll definitely know someone because if you know the organizer, next time you come, that organizer will definitely be there. And so it'll be a good contact to have. That's the thing, a lot of these times you go to an event, you meet someone, they won't be at future events. And so anyway, you know, which means you're starting to meet new people once again, but you find the organizers, those can be good. I'll give you bonus points if you can ask them to introduce you to someone. And you know, if you can talk to the organizer, be like, oh, this is what I do and you know, I'm interested in these type of people. Do you know if anyone like that is here? If you can make the conversation get to that, then that's really good. So I, yeah, definitely bonus points to be able to do that. Another way to get bonus points and a lot of bonus points, double bonus points, is if you offer to help with their next event. This is a great way to feel less awkward because if you offer to help, if you're like, hey, do you need someone to help out with you know, laying out the food next time or preparing the drinks or something? And you know, if they say yes, then next time you're in charge of laying out the food, which means you don't have to walk around feeling awkward. You can now actually just, anytime you feel awkward, just go and rearrange the food.  You'd be like, oh, those are called zones. You know, they're good.  No, no, I just volunteer to help. But you know, it starts conversation. And so yeah, volunteer to help is great if you can swing that. Another tip I have is don't just hand out cards willy-nilly to everyone. People just, you know, do them or they have their standard response when they reply to everyone they've met. It was great meeting you yesterday. If you need anyone in insurance, let me know. And those go nowhere. The only exception to this about handing out cards all the time is if you have a really cool card because then it's a conversation starter. And there are cool cards out there if you see, you know, the see-through ones or this and that and the other because then you can be like, oh yeah, here's my card. And they'll be like, whoa, where'd you get that? And you'll be like, actually I got it from, you know, my friend who does printing and blah, blah, blah, blah, whatever it might be. If you are a graphic designer or a printer or anything like that, you have a cool card. That can be your conversation piece. So then yeah, then hand out as many cards as you want. Leave them lying around. But otherwise, if you just have your standard business card you don't wanna go up there and be like, hi, here's my card. Hi, here's my card. Hi, here's my card. Because you know what I do with those cards that I have no use for? They're my bookmarks. And because otherwise they just pile up and I know there are people I'm never gonna call again. And so yeah, I have my useful cards that I keep but otherwise, I mean, they're there in the books. What else do I have here? Oh, and look happy. Always look happy. And this is the thing I notice. When you see people, you'll notice this when you walk around.  But you know, have a smile on your face and be like that.  So you constantly have that smile. It really does help. It's weird and it's just might seem odd and artificial but have that smile. Trust me, it really does help.  Try to see who's more approachable and who isn't because it just clicks with you. The people smiling are so much more approachable. Keep that smile there. And that's about it. You know, after this, that's an event. And so what I have here is after each event what I do at least and what I recommend is to give yourself a prize. In fact, decide on this prize before the event.  Calories after a successful event, don't count. Or if you want to go drinking in a certain place or whatever it might be, give yourself some sort of prize because you deserve it. And especially when you're trying to do this, it's something to look forward to and it'll be that much more motivation to go to these events. In terms of follow-up, like I mentioned before I would not email everyone. I know a lot of people say always email everyone and try to keep in touch and do all this and that. So many people do that these days that unless you have something personal with them, it really doesn't work. And that's the key. If you have, ideally you left something hanging with them.  You're like, oh, I'm totally into it as well. Do you know any good place? They're like, oh yeah, yeah, yeah. You totally have to try this place. Then you can email them and say, hey, you mentioned a whitewater rafting place. What is it? It just gives you a chance to follow up. Or if you recommended a certain restaurant that they should try and be like, oh, this is the restaurant I said you should try, definitely check it out. A great article you should read or, you know, whatever it might be, some type of follow-up. If you have one of these types of follow-up, that's what I use my pen for, by the way. I write it on their business card because otherwise I'm gonna forget it later. But I write it down whenever I get a chance and so then later I can email them with that specific thing in mind. And it does give you the chance to follow up with something real and not just like, it was great meeting you if you ever need my services, let me know. What else is there? Actually, that's pretty much it. Don't email everyone. Yeah, and that's all I have for now. Hopefully you can find these useful. Again, there's video one, which I linked to down below and this is part two of networking. And I really hope this helps for your networking in person because it's really something that everyone out there needs. And I know I hated it and it took me, I mean, I'm still getting over it actually. And so I might even come back and change or add to this in the future because I really still feel uncomfortable when I go to these things. But it's getting better and better. And I've been recently going to more events. I've gone to the Italian Consulate event. I got invited to the Rotary International. So I feel like I'm getting a bit better at least at these. And so I just wanted to share my notes for these. Hopefully you find them useful. If you have anything to add, definitely let me know in the comments because I'm always curious to hear about this. Otherwise, if you did find this useful, don't forget to click thumbs up because that always helps to know which videos are useful and which aren't. And don't forget to subscribe for more videos about freelancing, entrepreneurship, stuff like that in general. And that's it. I'll see you in the next video. Thanks, bye.


All right, everyone, let's play battle. PJ, here's going to start. There we go. PJ here is going to get started. Tell us all there is to know about the game. Go for it. Cool. This slide doesn't mean anything, but I think it's one of the funniest things in the world. If you do need to make many copies of an IP packet, you have to press much harder. Otherwise, it won't work. I'm Tom Jones. I'm a researcher at the University of Aberdeen. I work on internet transport. The neat project that I work on is trying to build a new API for accessing the network. With this API, we're trying to abstract the way transport to make it nicer for programmers, so all of you guys, so you can build applications without worrying too much about network details themselves. I'm going to talk about QS and deployability. Yeah, so this is it. Everybody's taking a picture of it now. Yeah. It is that great. It's on both of my talks today. Good. So before we can talk about QS, we need to talk about packets. The simple model that's exposed by the soccer API and a lot of programming APIs is that we have our client, we connect through to another side, and then we send data, and then we get a stream of packets that goes all the way through, and it all works, and it's all great, and there's no issues with this. In reality, though, we're connected via a router, and on this router, there's probably NAT. This router is connected to a router at your ISP. The traffic in your ISP is trunpped through MPLS. It goes all the way through, and eventually it will propagate out to a router to the other side. Each of these routers is a middle box. For all of these routers, we send traffic to them. They receive and buffer the traffic, and as they take in traffic and as they buffer it, they have to make many copies. As they make copies, they make modifications. They might take shortcuts to accelerate this process so they can handle more stuff. All of these middle boxes on the internet can cause trouble when we try to deploy something new, and the use of QoS on the internet is somehow quite a new idea right now. The way packets are treated without any sort of QoS considerations is called the default forwarding behavior. It's hard to talk about the default where there's no QoS for the QoS class. We think of default forwarding as everybody is the same, the same way we want to be treated on the metro, everybody gets on the train, everybody gets off the train. There's no priority for any special people. There's no separate classifications. There's no difference between the packets we send. In reality we have packets that we do want to be treated differently. Much of the web workloads we do might be best effort because we don't particularly care about it being treated better or worse, but when we start wanting to do real-time voice where we have hard latency requirements for the data, we want it to have a preferential treatment in the queues and routers so that if there is a large queue we can get through it slightly faster, but maybe there's a trade-off for this where our packets get dropped more frequently. And there's also the behavior where maybe we want a lower level of classification for traffic. Maybe we want to use the network when it's not being used as much as possible, but as soon as an active participant comes online we want this traffic to go away. So now in the ITF we're trying to deploy scavenger traffic which can take advantage of the network as it's idle. Okay, so the new picture. We have our flow of packets and we tag them differently. They get passed through to routers. As they go through routers they get put into different queues. The different queues by the middle box means that the traffic is treated in a slightly different way. And we get our nice EF marked traffic all the way through our nice and quickly and everything else gets queued reasonably. So for this there are lots of different power hop behaviors we can talk about. QoS is implemented optionally for each hop on the network. So we have the default as I said. We have expedited forwarding which we would use for latency voice. And we have 12 classes of assured forwarding traffic. And these are set up in different priorities based on how you want things forwarded and how you want them to be treated in the network themselves. But all of these are implemented just depending on the hop itself. For the internet we implement differential services with what used to be the type of service field in the IP header. It's now being broken out and split down into a diff serve code point and the ECN bits. So we now have a six bit code for representing QoS. We have a two bit code that the network can use to signal congestion to a receiver which is great, you should look at it, but well out of scope. But because we're reusing an old field we get strange behaviors in the network. And we can't, whatever we do anything in the ITF which involves changing the wire protocol or the interpretation of bits, people suddenly ask is this going to work? Is it going to be deployable? Is it going to be blocked? ECN took years to get deployed at all on the internet because there were a lot of middle boxes that bleached the bits or dropped traffic with them set. With accurate ECN and fallback which was fixed. If this happens again for DSCP then QoS is going to be a long way from being deployable. So I am an academic so we did some tests and we wanted to figure out how code points that are being recommended for use now by the ITF are being treated on the internet. We want to see if there's any pass fail, if there's any number you can set in a DSCP that will stop packets getting through. And we wanted to verify that the treatment for each of these groups we have is fair for the groups. We can't tell if they are being treated correctly but we can tell if they are fair between the different groups themselves. On the internet we expect four different treatments for our packets. They pass through fine which is great. If all of DSCP marks always get through to the other end then we have something useful we can use. If they get dropped it's the opposite and we can never use this. More likely we are going to see bleaching of bits either the whole field set down to zero or certain sections from the old QoS field set down to zero and remarking on the internet is actually a great thing. It means that operators are actively processing the traffic based on what you are buying from them. This is what we thought we would look for. To generate a set of points we looked at drafts in the ITF right now. So there is an 802.11 draft which is trying to fix mapping from DSCP to 802.11 access classes. This one is quite an easy one but we are just trying to make sure all of the bits land the right way. If you want to go today and use DSCP for QoS you will get benefit from this straight away. Your Linux wireless router does this. It's great. Your FreeBSD wireless router does this. It's great. Anything else I don't know. Give me the code. MPLS is the core protocol on the internet. It's used for lots of interconnects. And unlike 802.11 where they are really nice and they don't touch our packets, MPLS reads the IP header, generates a label, takes it through the network and then resets the IP header based on the label that gets through the other end. So MPLS networks change lots of IP headers as they pass traffic. Really troubling. And then the last one which will be common for everyone here will be WebRTC. There is a draft right now for QoS setting on WebRTC. It offers 12 points I think. So you can set one of three types and then four priorities for each of them. There's implementation in Chrome. There's nothing in Firefox. If you want this implemented in Firefox there is a bug tracker list. I had confirmed this week if people bother them they will do this. So if you want to bother these people it's great. So I went and read all of these. I generated this list of 21 points. If you can't really quickly you'll see there's more than 21 things here. And I've spilled these out into classes. So on the left we have our best effort default class. We have EF, nice fast latency stuff. And in brackets we have LBE. And this is an effort we're trying to do right now so we can have scavenger background traffic. We're not sure from the measurements we've done if this is going to be feasible. But if it is, it's really cool. I have graphs. So what we've done to generate these is we've done a sort of traceroute style ring search through the internet for a selection of hosts. We've done measurements right now I know from the course so from digital ocean servers to top 100 websites. We have a testbed called Monroe which has lots of 3G connected nodes in Spain, France, the UK, Norway. We're not sure on the measurements from those but they look quite promising. So this tool, it sets TTL low. Well the first thing it does is it tries reachability. It reaches, we do a TTL low and we send packets marked with a certain DSCP. When the TTL hits zero, routers will stop forwarding packets and they generate an ICMP time exceeded message. The time exceeded message contains the original IP header. This is so end hosts can reconstruct flows and we use this to detect where code points are changing in the network and what they are. So with this tool we can't actually see the far end. We can see one hop away but we can make quite a lot of conclusions from this. I just have two slides on this. I have 300 of these graphs I've sent this week but if you want to see them I can show you but they all look very similar. Yeah, so the one we expect, this is a graph for BE traffic. So this is a DSCP of zero set. The plot is showing the percentage of marks at the last hop and at the top we have average number of hops before first change and then average number of hops per path. So the paths were like seven or eight hops. Yeah, so this is the behaviour we expect to see. We see a lot of our BE traffic get through. Most of the remarking in the internet is bleaching down to zero anyway so this is a combined number we get. Well, that's three. The more interesting one is to look at CS1 which is DSCP8. This is what is being suggested right now by the ITF to use for scavenger traffic so you can use this as background. And we see 53% of it gets through but we see 45% of it is marked to BE. Now for most QoS classes it's actually okay to remark because you reduce priorities so you're not asking for something implicit but with this BE remarking we're getting promoted. Now if you started doing a Windows update and you only wanted it to have access to traffic when you're not trying to do useful stuff and it's getting remarked to BE in the network then you're going to see a lot more bandwidth use than you expected when your network might not be able to take advantage of this. Okay, the interesting one. All of the rest of the known code points look like this. So we see about 50% work. See about 13% get marked to BE and then we see some other bits. This is actual remarking. The other two are bleaching of bits based on the old IPTOS field. We couldn't figure out why so many routers in the internet were doing this until we went and looked at the Cisco config and the Cisco recommendation for switches and routers hasn't changed in a long time and the default rule just says leave these three bits, wipe these three bits and this is where we get traffic like this and we can see this consistently for all the marks we feed into the network. Okay, enough science. How do I use this? From C, you decide to use a DSCP. I've done this in hex because I like hex. Pick out an ECN. Shift your DSCP mark up two bits so we hide the ECN field or with your ECN value and you call a setsock opt. Great, nice and easy. The project I work on, we've decided that the CAPI is old and crusty and we need to fix this so I have something much bigger. And here we are. Here is... Looks easier. Yeah, so here's the picture we sent to the EU. And you get your mark. Yeah, yeah, bureaucracy. So this is what we sent to the EU. This stuff, I don't tell them but we're not going to do it. You do really like your address, right? Yeah, no, they'll never find out. So the new system offers a LibUV-based CAPI to the network. So we've taken LibUV and we've given it nicer networking primitives. We've also given it loads of magic. Underneath we use traditional sockets but we can also have a... We have a pluggable transport system so you can use any protocols. Currently we support UDP, TTP, SCTP, SCTP and user space as the forming protocols and we can do security transparently on top of all of these. So if you don't like open SSL, you don't have to use open SSL. You just give us a certificate and everything works. It's great. Yeah, this is a smaller picture but it's the same idea. Over on the left and right we have a diagnostic and statistics interface and on the right we have a policy interface. The neat system has a daemon that runs in the background and it gathers up interface statistics, interfaces as they come and go throughputs, successful connections, successful protocol probing and then we have a policy system that can use this gathered information to apply with heuristic based algorithms, selection choices for what you want to do. As an application you can say, I want datagrams and we can figure out if you can do SCTP and if you can't do SCTP then you get something and maybe it's UDP. Or you can say I need reliable transport, this is it and we'll do happy eyeballs choices between IPv4 and IPv6. SCTP, TTP, we can do probing for security on the server so the applications will have to do it. We can do all of this cool magic so that things are automatic and they fall back so the API is nice and easy to use and I don't care about this one. This is what an application looks like. I've taken out all the error handling. We set up a context and we initialize it. We have a context as our main threading primitive. We're dealing with this right now if you want to follow our GitHub issues. We create a flow. The interface for a flow is the same for every transport. We set up properties. I left the old C bitmask we have to do properties via JSON. We set up some callbacks and then we do an open and the open does everything for you. You get your unconnected event and you have a working flow and you have a working connection and if you've asked for something reliable then you have a working stream protocol but we might have negotiated SCTP for you and you have multi-streaming loads of cool stuff. Read and writes. Do you have an example of the server side? The difference between the client and the server is the neat open is neat accept. Exactly the same. We do virtual accept for UDP. We have some stuff to make UDP look a bit more like a connected protocol and then it's all the same. It works great. Neat for QoS you can set the DSCP value directly because we didn't want to remove this for people who actually had an idea of what they wanted to do. You can set it by name or you can set it by abstract high level primitive. If an application asks for a high level QoS then we can do lots of interesting things. If we know your network is going to have issues with certain marks we can choose other marks. If you have multiple interfaces and you choose a QoS for low latency and you have a satellite link. We do a lot of satellite research. If you have a satellite link and a Wi-Fi link then we can pick the Wi-Fi link for you while we set up the QoS. We have tons of hooks and integration into SDN infrastructure. If you choose a high level QoS in your data center and you have normal cheap links and you have expensive low latency links we can pick this for you and do automatic provisioning well together. All of our science is happening in the public. All of our papers are open access and available. The EU deliverables you don't want to read them but you could specify the architecture are all available online. All of our software development is happening in the open right now. We have public GitHub issue trackers, build bots. We will take patches from anyone. We want people to be involved and play with this. This is a really nice way to access the network and we can do so much more. Thank you. We have three minutes for questions. I think when you slide you're saying that about half internet will destroy the QoS header but if it doesn't destroy the QoS header how many of those people actually honor it? Perhal behaviors are a recommendation but if I set QoS and I'm at home and I have my home wireless router and I'm speaking to you and you have your home wireless router and my packet can get all the way across the internet the QoS header intact. Our home routers are going to use this for 802.11 access classes so we're going to get our traffic if we're doing EF for voice we're going to get into the highest priority bin so we will get QoS data through. What about the hops in between? The hops in between will do what they will.  Well, they might ignore it. They might treat it differently. They might have their own values for dealing with this. There's a lot of active Q management that happens so it's probably going to be okay. I don't know. It would be nice to try. The problem with this is you can't stress the network and then see what happens. It's great at the endpoints so just that is a good enough reason to use it and if it gets through then it works great. So your library would it allow usage with other event groups or event reactors? If you have a run once we have an example application that does RTP streams with G streamer and we tie run once into the UV event loop so it gets run once for every spin of the UV event loop. If you have more suggestions I would love to hear them because it would be great to be able to integrate more. We have integration with Firefox right now which isn't public because they're weird but this is definitely embeddable and other stuff. Thank you so much for your presentation. Oh awesome, I have a t-shirt. I wore mine on Monday but yeah that's awesome. Yeah, well I have a microphone on. I'm curious as to if you need to make changes to it. We haven't actually, it's been okay? Oh yeah, that's good. Oh thank you, that's really nice. Can I pinch one of your stickers then? Yeah, you can take many. Would you like a bundle of them? I have a lot.


Welcome back to Kids Fun Science. My name is Ken. Today's experiment is the bicycle wheel gyroscope, the wonders of physics. As always, adult supervision is required. What you need for this experiment is a lazy Susan or a spinning chair, a bicycle wheel, handles, and a volunteer. Welcome back to Kids Fun Science. My name is Grace. Today's experiment is the spinning wheel. What we have here is a bike tire with handles. And then we have a lazy Susan that I used in another one that will spin. And then what we're going to do is we're going to, I'm going to get the wheel to go and then the angular momentum. When you turn it, it will spin you in a circle, right? So let me get the wheel to go and then you got a hold of it. Oh, sorry. And don't hold it near your chest or belly. Okay. Now, when you turn it sideways, the angular momentum pulls you around, right? Isn't that cool? Now you turn it the other way. Change directions. Isn't that a weird feeling? So you're controlling it because of the angular momentum of the tire. And then you can stop it if you go straight, right? You got it. A rotating bicycle wheel has angular momentum, which is the property involving the speed of the rotation, the mass of the wheel and how the mass is distributed. For example, most of a bicycle wheel's mass is concentrated along the wheel's rim rather than the center. And this causes a large angular momentum with a given speed. Angular momentum is characterized by both size and direction. Since Grace is standing on a lazy Susan with a bicycle wheel spinning, one way to change the angular momentum of the bicycle wheel is to change its direction. To do this, Grace must exert a twisting force, which is called a torque, on the wheel. The bicycle wheel will then exert an equal and opposite torque on Grace. That's because every action there is is equal and opposite reaction. Thrust when Grace twists the bicycle wheel, the bicycle wheel will twist Grace the opposite way. Since Grace is standing on a low friction pivot and twisting force of the bicycle wheel will cause Grace to turn, the changing Grace's angular momentum compensates for the change in the angular momentum on the wheel. The system as a whole ends and obeys the principle and the conservation of angular momentum. This time I suspended the bicycle wheel with one of its ends by a rope and then hung it from the top of the patio and gave it a really hard spin. This seems to defy gravity as the torque is created by the spinning wheel and it counteracts the torque due to gravity. This is also known as gyroscopes and they've been used through history and various uses such as stabilizing spacecrafts and guidance for systems like ships and missiles. All right, well thanks for watching and remember to click thumbs up which you can't do and to subscribe.


Hey guys, what is up, welcome to my channel. So for today's video, I'm going to be doing the perfect winter slash Christmas makeup tutorial for you guys. I ask you guys what type of videos you would like to see and I got so many requests for Christmas makeup tutorials, holiday makeup tutorials. I definitely would check out my Instagram for more kind of Christmas holiday inspired looks but I did wanna bring at least one to YouTube. So on my Instagram story, which is at Morgan Turner makeup, I did post about last week or so, I went to a holiday or winter wedding and this was the makeup look that I wore and I just thought it was the perfect look for the holidays. So if you want to see how I did this look, then just keep watching. All right, so for the first thing I'm going to use on my skin is the Charlotte Tilbury Hollywood flawless filter. I have mine in the shade number one. I'm just going to put that on the high points of my face to add a little bit of glow because I really wanna be super glowy and shiny for this holiday look. I already got some on my outfit, cool. So I'll start off with about that much and then I'm going to kind of blend that in with my sponge, not kind of, I'm obviously am blending it in with my sponge as a newer product that I've been working into my routine. I really like it. I really like how shiny it makes me look but it's also very subtle at the same time. A little bit more and then, I don't know, I'm just kind of applying it everywhere to be honest. I look a little bit like sweaty but I almost like that it makes me look sweaty. I mean, do you see that? Amazing. Now on that specific day, I used my Dior Air Flash Foundation because that's my favorite event foundation. I always wear that for special occasions but I have this fear of wasting it. So today I'm just going to use my Giorgio Armani Luminous Soak Foundation which is a beautiful long wearing foundation. Now to give a cheaper alternative, I also really like the Maybelline Fit Me Foundation. I feel like it has a similar feel on the skin as the Luminous Silk Foundation does but it's like $7 versus however much the Luminous Silk is. Maybelline Fit Me is also a really good alternative. So for concealer lately, I have been in love with the Too Faced Born This Way Multi Use Sculpting Concealer. It has a lot of coverage but it also isn't super drying. I don't apply too much of this just because it does have a lot of coverage to it so it blends out very easily. A little goes a really long way with this concealer. So my base is looking so flawless right now. For my under eyes, I'm going to take a little bit of the Maybelline Loose Finishing Powder in Fairlight. This is one of my favorite under eye setting powders especially for events because you don't get a flashback because it is a colored powder. It really sinks into the skin. I don't know, it's just a really fantastic formula. It's only a few bucks. Can't go wrong with this powder. I am going to take a little bit of the La Mer Powder which is, if you know anything about that powder, it is ridiculously expensive but I do like to use the La Mer Powder for special occasions. So normally I wouldn't set my foundation to really keep the skin looking pretty and luminous but for an all day event which is what I wore it to, I did have to set it just, you know, I don't want to look sweaty if it's an all day event. Plus that powder is the most nice powder I've ever used so. So as a whole for this look, I really wanted to keep definition to a minimum. I didn't want too heavy of contour and so I'm just gonna use a light amount of bronzer. I'm going to use the Too Faced Sweet Tea Bronzer. This has a little bit of a shimmer to it. It's amazing. I've slowed down on using it. I used to use it every day but so every time I'm using it, I'm like, why did I put it down? So we're mainly just putting this down so that my face isn't one color but I'm not really looking for any sort of contouring or shaping of my face going on. Maybe a little bit on the draw line though. For blush I wanted to go with something that was a lot more subtle so I decided to go for the Essence Satin Touch Blush in the shade Satin Coral. This was in my newest haul and most recent tutorial actually. It's just a really gorgeous blush and it's only like two, $3 which is crazy. I just wanted to keep it really subtle and really simple as a blush color. So for highlighter on that specific day, I actually used the Anastasia Nicole Guerrero Glow Kit but they don't sell that anymore so I did want to find a really good bright highlighter. I decided to go with something more affordable so we're gonna be using the Sleek Makeup Highlighting Palette in Solstice. So this highlight is really affordable and it's really super glowy. You actually wanna use a pretty light amount if you're not looking to be insanely glowing but do you see how pretty that is? I just think this is so appropriate for the winter time. As you can see I brought it up to my temple area for a little bit of extra glow. I don't really go in with product because I don't like it too shiny up there but whatever's kind of left over I will blend it up. I don't do this that often but I do for events. Don't forget to put it like on your cupid's bow and the tip of your nose and blend it up to the bridge. So we are already ready for the eyes. Again, with the eyes I kept it very simple. This look is really, really simple. Just like a simple winter glam. So I did only use two eyeshadow shades. So I actually used this light tan shade from the Natasha Denona Mini Lila Palette. Honestly though, you can use whatever kind of neutral brown camel color that you want. So this color you can get from any palette. I just happened to grab this Natasha Denona one but I have a billion versions of this brown so it doesn't have to be this brown specifically. You can see I'm blending it everywhere with a big fluffy blending brush all over my crease area. This is as much definition that we're going to give the eye. I really wanted it to be about that glowy lid but I am gonna take a little bit on my lower lash line really quick. Really fast, I'm gonna go back in with that highlighter that we used and I'm gonna highlight underneath the brow bone and get in the inner corners really fast.  I used the one from the Natasha Denona Purple Blue Palette. I used this crazy silver right here. Now you can use any silver shade. I would recommend using it with a wet brush so you can get that little extra oomph. But yeah, Natasha Denona's formulas insane. Look at that. I mean, I'm not telling you to buy a whole Natasha Denona palette for this silver but I know you're seeing what I'm seeing right now. And I'm literally just going all over that lid. This isn't like my traditional makeup style where I really like a lot of definition. This look has almost no definition. I really just want to focus on this silver eye, you know? This is one of the best shimmer formulas I've ever tried. I wish you guys could get that full in-person effect because I'm also using my finger just to kind of blend that color up into my crease just to make it more of an even fade. It could totally stop there but I don't know how to stop. So I'm gonna go in with the Stila Glittering Glow and Diamond Dust for the final touches on the eyelid. Everybody needs to own at least one of these in their collection because for special events, you know? So I'm just patting a little bit.  I'm just patting a little bit onto my lid and then spreading it out my finger for a little added pizzazz to the eyelid. I mean, this isn't the perfect look for winter. Next, I'm going in with the Sephora Crown Shadow in Liner in this just white color, use any white eyeliner and I'm lining my lower lash line with that. Well, actually, this is my waterline. So I'm going to go off-camera. I'm going to put on mascara. Just put a straight line of black on my upper lash line, no wing or anything. And then I'm going to apply the Cocoa Queen Be Lashes. These are one of my favorite event lashes and I will be right back. Hi, aren't these the most amazing lashes you have ever seen? So I didn't do this on this particular day, but I think it's going to be fun. So I'm going to take the Fenty Beauty How Many Carats highlighter. It's really just a glitter-based highlighter. There's not much color to it, but I'm just going to put a little bit of that on my cheekbones and wow, that was a really good decision. All right, so that gives it a little extra pizzazz for the holidays. Obviously, you don't need to do that, but if you do like a little bit of a glitter highlight, there you go, that went really well. For lips, I used the Kat Von D Santa Sangre Liquid Lipstick. This is my first time using this particular color. I love the liquid lipsticks. I've bought her sets before, so this is from a set. She does sell this in a full size and this is just a really great holiday red. For silver, it looks like this. I love a really bright cherry red lipstick. And boom, I mean, that's it. This is the look. I hope you guys enjoyed this tutorial and I just wanted this to be a really simple look that looked very elegant and pretty for the holidays. That was also festive, but easy for you guys to do. So for those of you who asked for Christmas tutorials, I hope you enjoyed this one and remember to subscribe to my channel for more content. I'm trying to upload every day until Christmas and I will see you guys tomorrow in the next video. Bye.


Thank you, thank you, everyone. Thank you, everyone, for this introduction and for your leadership at the President and PDG of the Chamber of Commerce of Canada. I want to greet all the people from all over the country who are watching this event with us. Even if we are not meeting in person, it is a good thing that we can participate together in today's activity. I've had the chance to speak to many of you before in chambers of commerce and boards of trade right across the country. And whether it was in Toronto in 2019 or in Vancouver in 2014, we could never have predicted the way this year would turn our lives upside down. What we did know then and what we've been reminded of today is that Canadian businesses have what it takes to succeed no matter what the world throws at you. After all, being a business owner is all about overcoming challenges, getting that first loan, reaching that first customer, making that first big deal. Now, more than ever, we need that innovative attitude. We need people like you who see a challenge and ask not just how to overcome it, but how to turn it into an opportunity. There is no doubt that this global crisis makes life very difficult for entrepreneurs, workers and the industry. But with people like you who are making initiatives, I know that we will be able to go through it. Last week, I had the chance to speak with Paul and Karl, from Chocolat Chocolat in Gaspésie. As for many others, the pandemic poses great difficulties in their business. But with agility, they adapted to the situation, especially by capturing the unexpected opportunities that increased tourism in Gaspésie and the renewed appetite for local products. It is this desire to always improve and innovate that makes companies so important for our economy and our communities. They always push us to do better. Over the last few weeks, I've been speaking with small business owners everywhere, from Louisburg, Nova Scotia to St. Jacobs, Ontario. They've told me some incredible stories about retooling to make PPE, moving their business online to keep serving their community and going that extra mile for their employees. But they've also told me that they couldn't have done it alone. No one should face the pandemic of the century by themselves, not workers, not families, not business owners. And that's why right from day one, our government stepped up to help. During the first wave, we installed the most important economic measures of our time, measures that helped millions of workers and business owners. Now, we're entering the second wave. And I know you're worried about what's waiting for you. But one thing is certain, we've been there for you during the first wave, and we'll be there for you throughout the crisis. Earlier this month, we announced that we would strengthen the major programs that have been a lifeline for so many businesses. The extended wage subsidy covering up to 65% of eligible wages until December will help keep workers on the payroll. The new Canada Emergency Rent Subsidy will go directly to businesses. And those who've had to close temporarily because of a local public health order will be eligible for an additional 25% support. That brings the total to 90% of rent covered for the hardest hit businesses. To help with other costs, we've expanded eligibility for the Canada Emergency Business Account while increasing the total amount to $60,000. I know that people need this support as soon as possible. So as of today, I'm happy to announce that businesses operating out of a personal banking account can now access SEBA loans. This was a promise our government made to small businesses, and today we can announce that it is available through the larger financial institutions. Over the coming days, smaller financial institutions will also be ready to accept applications. For the other measures, the rent and wage subsidy will be tabling legislation soon. I hope parliamentarians will support the swift passage of this critical new help for small businesses. There's a reason that the plan we laid out in the Throne Speech includes working with you as a key pillar of our approach. There's a reason we committed to support job creating businesses through this second wave and beyond.  So in addition to measures like expanding SEBA and extending the wage subsidy, we'll also improve the business credit availability program and introduce further support for industries that have been hardest hit. This pandemic is difficult for everyone, but it's the worst for some. We can't let this crisis bring back the progress made for women, as much as for workers and entrepreneurs. That's why we're investing to offer support to businesses led by women through the fund for help and regional recovery, and we'll accelerate women's strategy in entrepreneurship. We won't be able to keep going forward if women are stopped. In the coming months, we'll help businesses resume their activities and stay active. We must think and act like a team. We just have to look at what we can do together by taking the example of the COVID alert application. Several businesses have already set up by working with their employees. We must continue to go in this direction. After all, the best thing we can do for the economy is to protect the healthy population. In the throne speech and in the announcements we've made since, our government has laid out an ambitious plan. The situation demands nothing less, but I know some people are asking how we'll make this all happen. I don't have to tell you that low interest rates mean we can afford this. I don't have to tell you that doing less would end up costing far more, because it would mean a slower recovery and bigger deficits in the long run. We'll keep doing whatever it takes, as long as it takes, to bridge Canadians and Canada, as well as Canadian businesses through this crisis. But this is not forever. Beyond the emergency, we'll need to build back better in a fiscally sustainable way. We came into this crisis with the best balance sheet and the strongest fiscal position of any of our peers. And because of the resilience of Canadian businesses and the significant action our government took early on, Canada's recovery has been faster and stronger than many of our allies. Just look at the numbers. 76% of jobs lost at the start of this pandemic have now been recovered. In September alone, almost 380,000 positions were added to the economy. We still have work to do, and this second wave is bringing new challenges. But we're on the right track. And together, I know that we will keep moving forward. The path ahead won't always be easy. There will be challenges. There will be tough days. And there's a tough winter ahead. But there will also be better times in our future. You have to fight without relief against this pandemic. And I know that people like you are at the top. Together, we will cross this crisis. And together, we will build a stronger and more prosperous Canada for all. Thank you very much, everyone.