So, thank you, Liana, for the nice introduction, thanks to all who are coming to see me here. And in the next few minutes I would like to talk about what we are doing in our Technical University in Munich, where I am working right now, is a group of supramolecular chemistry under the supervision of Professor von Cobb. So, I would like to answer you in the coming minutes these three questions. What is supramolecular chemistry? How does nature use it to create complex and functional structures? And finally, how does supramolecular chemistry could benefit from it? So, supramolecular chemistry is a relatively new topic in chemistry. It was just defined in 1969 by John Marilla as the chemistry beyond the molecule. And even though being like a quite relative new chemistry, the topic has been already awarded two times with a Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The first time was in 1987, until the one which was recently in 2016. But coming back to this beyond the molecule, what does that actually mean? To know or to understand what beyond the miracle means, we need to know a little bit about molecular interactions. So, just I will show you here the word molecule, one of the simplest molecules that everybody knows. And this molecule is made out of oxygen and hydrogen atoms. So, these two atoms are connected by covalent bonds. And which means this for us? Covalent bonds means that these two atoms are actually sharing electrons on the outer shell. And this electron sharing makes this bond extremely, extremely powerful. So, for our purposes, I will just consider these covalent bonds non-reversible. But these are not the only interactions who sustain together the water as we know water. So, water actually is made out of a network of water molecules. And these water molecules are also interacting each other through other kinds of interactions. Which we call non-covalent or supermolecular interactions. The difference between these two basically is that non-covalent interactions are really, really weak. So, these interactions are continuously formed and raking in these network of molecules. And this allows the water molecules getting in and out of these network of molecules. So, although when these interactions are isolated, are relatively weak, as soon as they combine together, they could form a really amazing and complex structure. And this is actually what supermolecular chemistry came about. We tried to study why those molecules like to come together. And why these molecules, on how these molecules, then possible and form like more complex structure. And of course, what we can do out of these complex structures. So, just to put you more into the topic, I will show you an example in nature. Because nature uses every person of molecular interactions. So, instead of water, I will just show you here another molecule, which is called phospholipid, but still so important for us. For now on, we will call them building blocks. What is important for us is that these molecules have two different parts. The red one, which is the head, and is attracted to water. And the white one, which is the one that repels the water. So, what happened actually when we tried to dissolve these molecules in water? So, what happened is that the part that is repel by the water would try to look for similar parts. While the red's head, which is attracted to water, would point towards the solution. So, with four mechanics, this bilayer, like the one you can see on this map. And it's just remarkably important to say again, that this structure, you just hold by no covalent, which means real interactions. And these allow the molecules in solution to go into the assembly and the other way around, together of the cell. Because of this, our materials made out of this approach are done with really dynamic properties. And this is really important for nature, because this, by the way, for instance, can grow larger and form, for instance, the cell membrane. The cell membrane refers to be extremely dynamic. So, the cell membrane needs to attack when a change around the cell happens. And just imagine that one of these molecules, for instance, gets damaged. Because all of them are hold by no covalent interactions, with interactions. The damaged molecules can just get out of the assembly and be replaced by a new and a better one. If these kind of structures will be hold by covalent interactions, these strong ones, this will never happen, because we'll try a lot of energy and we'll just disrupt the whole structure. So, when nature cares about something, it's because real force is a process that it has to be optimized for millions of years, which means it's kind of perfect. And we, as scientists, always try to mimic nature into our synthetic materials. So, we actually care about the properties of these molecular materials, because we considered they could attack some properties that they are not accessible with covalent materials. And which one they are. So, basically, because they are made out of reversible interactions, they are considered dynamic, and they could do such offensive things, like defect correction. Because they are made out of small molecules, they are also easier to recycle. So, just imagine that one of these materials will end up in our body. If it's made out of simple molecules, small molecules, it's going to be easier for our body to recycle, to digest it, than if you just inject a whole huge molecule in our body. And because of the same reason, they are also easy to synthesize. And, of course, companies always think about money and the easier it is, the better it is for our material. So, how do we do these materials in our lab? So, what we actually do is just design this brick building blocks. It's called a red building blocks from that one. And these parts of all these building blocks is like when we put them in water, they don't like to stay in water. They run away to recognize each other and self-assamble for a minute, this kind of destruction for instance. And, actually, these materials have been already proved to be successful in so many applications. One of them, for instance, is as a solid support to control reactions. And what does it mean? It's like, it can encapsulate here inside some reactions. And it has been proved that the reaction inside these kind of materials happen faster than if I move into the reaction solution. What else? In a similar way, we can also encapsulate here drugs and control the release of these drugs. And they can also be really useful for these regenerating. So, if we have an injury, for instance, we can just apply the gel, sorry, this material. In the middle, the material allows the sand to roll through. And this means that the healing of our work would be much faster than if the material is still present in it. So, this material is already mentioned. They are dynamic because the yellow molecules go in and out of the solution. But, still, once we form the material, the macroscopic structure, the macroscopic properties of this material are kind of stable once I form the material. So, during my mercury project, I was wondering if we can make these materials a little bit more smarter. Meaning that, can I create and destroy this material on the map? Basically, I will create a material for a specific function. And when this function is strong, the material is just to disappear on the map. So, can I have actually a temporal control of these materials? And for this approach in our lab, we use what we call this passive supermolecular material. This makes it easier to be standing. And how do we do this? So, here is the site that I will show you for the traditional supermolecular material. But in our case, we start with the step behind. And since the size instead of the red brings the blue ones, which is the characteristics of these blue ones, they let you stay in order. So, they don't mind. They don't like to recognize each other and self-assertive. When we put them in the solution, they will just stay there. But what happened when I fumed this system? That these building blocks and non-antic ones become the active ones. And when they become the active ones, they don't like any more to stay there than the self-assertive one for the material that I was fuming for. But what is important now here is that I can always suppress the additional film and my material will just come back to the initial building position, release waste, and also dissipate energy. And this is the part where the name of our material is kept. So, what I have right now? I have temporal control of my materials with me just present as long as the film is present. But also important, I have the possibility to recycle the initial new building blocks. So, in this way, I can add a new batch of film and repeat the cycle again and again and again. And this is really good in terms of efficiency. So, in our lab, we tried to design different molecules over here in order to control the structure over here. You can do things like long and double fibers, short fibers, droplets, and so on. And what we do then with these materials? I'll show you now, two examples that we did in our lab. First of all, we tried to work with temporary hydrosols because we saw that maybe that could be an interesting application in terms of temporal control. So, imagine that you could just encapsulate a track inside one of these gels, put it below my skin, and let the track to be released according to the destroying of the material. So, if I can control how long this material will stay there, I can also control how long the track will stay there. So, here is just an example. Initially, I have a material solution. I fuel my system, I form the material that I want. And because the fuel is being consumed, the material is just vanishing over it. And this is what happens. We have a look into the microscope. Initially, we have basically nothing. And as soon as I fuel my system, the tiny fibers that grow and these are forming, these start to develop to collapse the soil over there. What else we did with these kind of materials? We also thought that there is now like a huge problem with paper consuming because people is just using one paper for once and then we don't need any more just for your paper. So, maybe we can also plan this temporary control of our materials for developing self-raising games. So, it would be cool if I just can use my paper once with an important information that I gave for the next two hours, but when I don't need it anymore, it just vanished and I can reuse the support again. So, in this case, what we do is just put our blue building blocks in the supporting gel. We strain coat our fuel. And then, in this case, the logo of our university just appears. And because, again, the fuel is being consumed, my message is raised over design. So, the next morning when I arrived to my office, my paper is basically in a game and I can reuse it for once and again and again. So, this is basically what I wanted to talk to you about today. I hope that, you know, now a little bit more about supramolecular chemistry and also that you understand what beyond the molecule means. Also important for me is if you also take a home message that these structures are made out of supramolecular interactions and also, of course, how this supramolecular chemistry would be a powerful tool to develop even complex materials in our case, we can put up with all and also excitingly easy processes. So, thanks so much for your kind attention and please, questions.


Hey weirdos, I'm here voicing for Factsverse on YouTube today and this new script just looked so weird dark dislike that I thought I'd go ahead and make a real quick video of me narrating this script. I've not read the entire thing, I've only seen the title of it, so I'm starting there. But it's the true story behind the conjuring. So it'll be interesting to see how this goes, and I thought maybe you'd enjoy just watching it as it unfolds when I narrate it. So here we go. Factsverse presents the true story behind the conjuring is even creepier than the movie. Before we get into this video, how about you creep us out, click that like button, also be sure to subscribe and click the notification bell so you don't miss our future videos. Most people will say that the conjuring is one of the best horror films of the 21st century, and one of the reasons for this is that it is said to be based on a true story. The movie takes place in the 1970s when the Perrin family bought a home in a small town in Rhode Island. What happened after the family moved in is what a good horror movie is made of. Unfortunately for the family, everything that occurred in this movie happened to them in real life. The true story behind the conjuring is even creepier than the movie itself. When the parents moved into their new house, everything seemed normal at first. The only strange occurrence was the neighbors met them for the first time and said, for the sake of your family, leave the lights on at night. Well, it wasn't long after the family understood why their neighbors gave them such a warning. According to one of the neighbors, Cynthia, small things were happening but it wasn't anything to become worried about. She noticed that things would be moved to a different spot than where she had left them. Sometimes she would see things shoved underneath the bed that she never put there. She'd ask her sisters if they moved her things and each time they said no, they didn't. Shortly after the family moved into the farmhouse, the ghosts seemed to be kind. Five children were living in the home and according to Andrea, one of the older children, the ghosts acted like their caretakers.  Cynthia and Andrea also remembered the way that the ghosts smelled. Their mother often smelled like ivory soap and when they'd get a kiss in the middle of the night, they smelled fruit and flowers.  The family wasn't really concerned about the friendly ghosts in the house. It wasn't until the parent girls began seeing frightening entities that they began to worry. One night the girls were in the barn when a ghost told them about bodies in the walls. Andrea says that one night Cindy climbed into her bed talking about dead bodies in the walls but it wasn't Cindy's voice. Andrea says that she sounded as if she were possessed. Later Cindy told Andrea that the ghosts told her that there were seven dead soldiers buried in the walls. The next strange occurrence started at 5.15 a.m. The family would be awoken up by the smell of rotting flesh that would bring each family member out of bed and down the stairs to see what was going on. Andrea claims that around this time she was tortured by a male ghost. She says that it was so bad that she would not give any details about the attack. Things were getting really bad in the parent house. The mother Carolyn began having interactions with the ghost herself. She says that when she got out of bed one morning she saw a woman dressed in gray. She was standing by Carolyn's bed saying get out. Get out.  It's believed this woman was the ghost of a witch named Bathsheba Thayer. According to Andrea the ghost believed that she was the mistress of the house and that she was trying to take Carolyn's place. According to the parent family Bathsheba started out harmless either poking or pinching all the members of the family but that's about it. But things soon got much worse. Bathsheba wanted them to leave so she started torturing Carolyn. She would physically assault her and when that didn't work she possessed Carolyn. She would cause Carolyn to hurt herself and her family and Carolyn would be left weak and emotionally drained when the possession was over. Dad and Lorraine Warren were paranormal experts and they were very well known. When they were speaking in Putnam Connecticut which is about 30 minutes from the parent's home a family friend spoke to them about what the parents were going through. According to Cynthia it was their friend Barbara who told the Warrens about the family after they gave their lecture. As soon as Lorraine heard the stories she decided she had to go check out the home. When the Warrens first walked into the house Lorraine said that she felt a dark presence the moment she walked in. First they tried to cleanse the home. Next they performed a seance in the family basement. The children were told to stay upstairs and only Carolyn was in the basement. According to Andrea she snuck into the basement and she saw her mother speak a strange language and a strange voice. She also said that her mother's chair levitated and she was thrown across the room. This is the story that Lorraine tells as well. Lorraine says that she doesn't like to talk about what happened in the basement that night because it is too frightening. For the next decade the Warrens visited the parents but nothing ever changed. In the movie The Conjuring the children played a hide-and-seek game. One child was blindfolded and had to find the other children by... One child was blindfolded and had to find the other children by asking them to clap. It was the very scary part in the movie and according to the parents that really did happen in real life. The child who was blindfolded would hear the clapping right beside them only to find that their siblings were in a completely different room. According to Cynthia the kids were playing a real game of hide-and-seek and then one day she hid inside of a pine box with no latch or lock of any kind but when she tried to get out of the box it wouldn't open. She panicked and remained in the box terrified for about 20 minutes when finally her sister Nancy opened the box to let her out. Even though ghosts were torturing the family they had to stay in the house. The economy was bad at the time. If the family left the farm they would have had no place to go to. Also there weren't too many people who had enough room in their homes to take in two adults and five children. Only in 1980 the family was able to sell their 200 acre farm and as soon as they signed the papers they moved to Georgia and never looked back. When the movie was being filmed the whole family was invited to the set. Carolyn changed her mind about going at the last minute though and decided to stay home. Andrea did go and she says that while the family was being interviewed a wind swept over the family knocking down the lights and cameras around them. After that night they found out that at the same time the wind swept over them their mother fell at home and broke her hip. The family claims that Carolyn told them that it was the witch's curse and she didn't want them to expose her. According to Andrea everyone who has lived in the house after the parents they have all had frightening experiences as well. Many she says have left screaming and running for their lives leaving their belongings behind. He also says that the owners of the adjacent property say the house sat vacant for years. The current owner is Norma Sutcliffe. She says that she has heard footsteps, seen a strange blue light and heard people talking in other rooms. When the movie was released people started showing up at her home and she became very unhappy with all the attention she was getting. Soon she denied these claims and tried to disprove the parents story just to get a little peace and quiet. In the film the witch was said to have sacrificed her baby to the devil before hanging herself in the Rhode Island farmhouse. In reality though Bathsheba was a normal woman with a husband and four children. It was back in the 19th century and three of the children died young which was common for kids back then unfortunately. Bathsheba died of a stroke in 1885. She was not a witch or a Satan worshiper. Thank you for more and Happy Halloween!


Do we have faith in me? It's debatable. It's debatable. Hello friends! How are we doing? Today we're going to be reacting to my summer book haul from a year ago and seeing how many of those books have I actually read. This is something I like to do or you guys ask me to do sometimes like react to a haul from a year ago, see how many of those books I have read in a year. And I was saying to my patrons I always do like a post where I say what the videos this week are gonna be and I was saying to them like half of me is filled with just utter faith in myself like yeah I'm gonna have read loads of these and then the other half of me is like utter doubt like no Megan you're gonna have read none. So I don't know I just think this is a fun thing to see to see how many of these books have I actually read. Am I reading the books when I get them or are they languishing on my TBR? Which is entirely possible because there is like 230 books on my TBR. Dear god it's a problem. It's a problem. That's not normal and I think you know you should maybe get some help or something. For me over half is positive. If I've read over half the books I hauled in a year that's not a terrible turn around. So shall we just get into it? Let's see. Place your bets in the comments now and then see how right or wrong you were. The first two my grandparents gifted me out of the balloon they just decided to get me some books which are so kind of them. Oh I do have to say we have got I'm not going to try and pick them up now. We've got three fairly boxes to unbox. What lipstick am I wearing now because I feel like I quite like that but I don't know what that is. What am I wearing? Anyways anyway yeah my grandparents gifted me two books about the blue which was just so kind and they're new releases that I'm super excited about. So first we have Only on the Weekends by Dean Atta which I haven't read Only on the Weekends by Dean Atta. I haven't read it. I really want to love the Black Flamingo by Dean Atta. I think I'm scared off by how chunky it is but like I know it'll be a quick read because it's told in verse. This one's about like a guy who's like he only gets to see his boyfriend on the weekends but he starts like catching feelings for this other guy. Messy, mess, mess, mess. And then the other one is one of my most anticipated books of the year and it is Siren Queen by Neva. Isn't she so gorgeous? Oh let's not talk about it! Haven't read Siren Queen by Neva. Another one, another book I would love to read. Am I doing that? Apparently I'm not. I wish that I could just disappear. I haven't read Chosen the Beautiful. I haven't read Siren Queen. I haven't read Into the Riverlands. I'm behind on my Nevo like reading. I love everything I read from Nevo. Like I just, I think her writing is so special. But I have not read Siren Queen. It's a book I look at a lot. It's a book I look at a lot and think oh yeah I should read that. Yeah I should read that. But like I don't even know if I'll be reading that this year to be honest. Why are there so many books and so little time? I wish I could be the kind of person that reads 30 books a month. I've never done that. I think what's the most I've ever read a month? Maybe like 18? No. I don't know. I'll pop on the screen the most amount of books every one a month. I wish I could read even more. I average about let's say 13 I think a month usually. It's kind of my average. Come on this video's got to get better. And then one of my lovely subscribers and patrons, Rachel gifted me two books. I did a book at which I love called No one knows what's coming. What I read and I discovered this book by Francis Harding which turned out to be one of my favourite books. Skin for the Shadow. It's one of my favourite books I've read so far this year. And Rachel gifted me the other two Francis Hardings that I put on my wish list after I read that book. No! We're off to the most terrible of terribleist starts. I haven't read either of those. I'm so sorry Rachel. I haven't read any more Francis Harding yet. I now own on Ravella as well. Is that it? Or do I own another one? I feel like I've accumulated so many Francis Hardings and then I haven't read any more since The Skin for the Shadows and I feel terrible about it. I'm guilty. The guilt is eating away at me. I love The Skin for the Shadows when I read it. Francis Harding has a very fairy tale like whimsical, beautiful writing and I know I'm probably going to love some of her books. She could become a favourite author for me but I haven't read any more. Oh Jesus Mary and Joseph. Jesus Mary and Joseph. So I have four books here that publishers have sent me. What should we talk about first? Oh, I know what to talk about first. Arguably my most anticipated release of the year. Of the rest of the year. Which I need to read but I want it to be in a vlog that does well. I want as many of you to see my opinion on it as possible because I know I'm gonna love it so I want to promote it. So I'm trying to think of a vlog idea that will get a lot of views so that I can promote this book a lot and I haven't thought of it yet. And it is I'm The Girl by Courtney Summers. Thank...fuck okay. I have read one book. I have read I'm The Girl. Listen, I don't need to talk about my love for Courtney Summers because you already know. I'm The Girl's a very, very, very, very, very difficult read. I feel like lately I've been like recommending Sadie to people without fully preparing them for like how painful and horrible it is. But like arguably I think I'm The Girl is even worse. And you really need to be in like a good place to read this book. So look up Trigger Warnings. Really look up what the book's about. But I feel like you have been making a lot of people read Sadie and they're like, this is the most emotionally crushed I've ever been by a book. Like multiple people have said this to me. They're via DMs or on my Patreon Discord.  Maybe I haven't been like preparing everyone for like how horrible this book is. I think I'm The Girl is even worse. But listen, I will let Courtney Summers put me through anything in her books. Then we have When Women Were Dragons by Kelly Barnhill. This is already out. I have read When Women Were Dragons. I read that last year. Well, we're looking up guys, we're gonna do great. We're gonna do great. This first four book is gonna be the only book I haven't read in this whole thing. Sure, Jan. When Women Were Dragons, I really enjoyed it. I think I gave that like a 4.5. I really enjoyed When Women Were Dragons.  But I really enjoyed that. So far the books that I have read, I have enjoyed from this haul. Then, oh my god, I love this arc so, so much. We have Book of Night by Holly Black. Yeah, I haven't read it guys. Well, I have read it, but whatever I just said about having enjoying all the books I have read from this vlog ends here. Because Book of Night, hot track, I think I gave that a 1.5. That's a bad book. That like some books I rate low, right?  I was very disappointed by Daughter of the Mingonis. I think I gave that 2.5 though. But like I can rate low and I can recognize other people can love this. I'm really sad I didn't love this. I'm sad it didn't work for me but I can understand how this book could work for other people. Book of Night. She's not going to go there. The plot, the characters, the writing, it was my first Holly Black and I'm not rushing to read again. Here's the thing, there are two books on my TBR. I've been thinking about this a lot for some reason that I have owned for a very, very long time. They're now some of the oldest books on my TBR. The Crawl Prince by Holly Black and of course Osiris by Sarah J Mass. And I bought them when I first joined Booktube and everyone loved them and I was like okay these are the books I should buy, right? I still haven't read them and I don't feel a deep desire to read them. I don't feel a deep desire to ever read Sarah J Mass. Crawl Prince doesn't necessarily you know call out to me but like I don't want to unhaul them in case like I have to read them one day. So they're just kind of sitting there like semi unhauled. Like I don't think I'm ever going to voluntarily read them but I just hold on to them in case I have to.  And then finally we have got The Comfort Book by Matt Hague. There's an interesting story behind this. I don't care what the interesting story is Megan. Have I? Have I read that? I think I've read that. I think I. I don't remember love. I don't remember at all. I really don't because I know for a long time ago. Did I read that? Well I gave it four stars. Yeah I've read that. I don't remember that at all. I'm so sorry Matt Hague. It's quite forgotten. I think it's like oh these are things to it's like it's not a proper book. It's like quotes and phrases and little excerpts of like thoughts about how life is wonderful. Yeah I don't remember it but I've read it guys. We're four for four now. Gosh. So I went to Waterstones and I bought quite a few books. The first one I picked up was Wild and Wicked Things by Francesca May. Well I've read it. I've read it but one of the worst books I've read this year. This was a book club pick for my Patreon book club and as much as I hate reading the book this was such a fun live show because we have a discussion live show for all of our book club picks and we were all like sitting there and we were just trying to make sense of what this book is. It's pitched as 1920s great Gatsby-esque sapphic witches on an island. That's like what it's pitched as. It was bad and the plot ew it's meow it's like it's the plot is all over the place. It's great description. The plot oh my gosh people like people would keep reminding us on the live show like someone would mention something and the rest of us would be like oh my god yeah that did happen. Who let that happen? It's so bad but I've read it so I don't care. Okay then I picked up a mystery which I have been I've been really tempted by for a long time and I was like you know what Megan let's be friends. I picked up death and croissants by Ian Morse. This is another Patreon book club this one was a bit of a little bit better received but like we're quite picky customers on the book club like you know it takes a lot for us all to kind of agree that a book was like four stars or about. We haven't had many of those but yeah this is like a cozy mystery I'm not continuing on with this series it was like a three just about for me. I didn't love it I didn't think it was a great mystery. It's pretty blah to me gosh I wasn't buying very good books for myself. The next book I picked up particularly because of one of my patrons Shanice read it and really enjoyed it. We've got A Fatal Crossing by Tom Hindle.  I've read it didn't love it but I read it. I am so proud of her I could cry. This one wasn't bad I read this on my video where I read murder mystery selling cruises on a cruise and and it was fine. Tom Hindle I'm not gonna read again because then since then I've read The Murder Game by him and I gave out one star. I just don't think he's my flavour of murder mystery which sucks because he's like one of the you know main authors coming out in the UK with like kind of Agatha Christie-esque style murder mysteries but I just found the character's pretty bland it's very forgettable so yeah I didn't love it but I've read it and then I have another book which I believe is set on a ship and it is Dangerous Women by Hope Adams. Okay yeah haven't read Dangerous Women I bought this for that vlog specifically reading murder mystery selling cruises on a cruise but I didn't end up reading it in time and I don't have a ton of interest in the book I just bought it because it was a book that fit the theme and then I didn't have time to read it because I was on holiday and I was busy so I didn't read it and I was just languishing on my TBR so this is another one I'm not like particularly looking forward to getting too many times soon I'm still you know I still own it I might love it but it's just kind of sitting there on my TBR. I have The Wind Trinket Mystery by Anthony Berkley I've spoken about this a lot so I won't go on about it too much. Oh Megan I have read it I really enjoyed The Wind Trinket Mystery actually I did a whole video solving it I love doing those videos it's so much fun I'm gonna do another one soon because if I chorus did it I'm not gonna say anything more but yeah I loved doing these videos and it was just a sun it was a really fun mystery to kind of like try and solve in that video but I'm interested in reading more classic crime classic murder mysteries I would like to branch out from just Agatha Christie I'd like to read some Draw With The Else Sayers I've never read anything from Draw With The Else Sayers you know what your mouth just like refuses to keep up with your brain never read anything from Draw With The Else Sayers but I would like to read more classic murder mysteries other than just Agatha Christie so I really enjoyed that one and then just some books I've already read I won't speak about these too long we have I'm gonna count it and The Rook by somebody say James and Daniel and Burley respectively well they're going on the counter they're in the book haul I have read them the rules don't apply oh it does sometimes happen with book hauls because I only do book hauls when I've hit like 20 30 books that I've hauled so we've got a substantial amount to talk about and sometimes you know I read a book before in between hauling it and doing the video but it counts yeah these were books are classic books that Mara recommended me in her episode of Book Two Twin Tests which I feel like goes down in history because she is my Book Two Twin she got three five stars and I would I really need to continue on with The Rook series that's the series I would really like to continue on with but I've read them they're both five stars to me oh so good so good Mara I feel like I'm gonna do another Book Two Twin Tests with Mara because I just need Mara to pick my TBR apart from our one biggest biggest I'm not sure I could ever like forgive her for this biggest difference is she gave Strange Case of the Alchemist daughter I was looking at the Goodreads she'd already told me that I didn't love it I went on Goodreads I was looking at the Strange Case you know Goodreads like I do sometimes I just look so what people are saying a profound silence has entered at the chat can we be Book Two Twins then I feel like that that prevents like maybe Mara she's doing it she's wrong on that one and then and then I did another video where I read seven books well that was a fun video that was my first doing like seven books and seven days thing in that yeah well I read it yeah I didn't love pet I liked it but I feel like everyone loves it and I didn't love it you know but I liked it I liked it my number one highlight that I have gotten is undoubtedly Yeba Buena in the past few months five stars five stars five stars five stars five stars five stars this is just amazing I loved Yeba Buena Brandy Nicole it's such an interesting romance it's between these two women one is a bartender one's a florist I guess it's a little bit similar to normal people by Sally Rooney and Kate in where they keep coming in and out of each other's life but like I hate normal people and they annoyed me in that like the miscommunication that like oh where is that I didn't have the same problem with Yeba Buena but um yeah read it I just mentioned Simone St. James and how much I love the broken girls I did get a copy of the book of cold cases which is her 2022 release I have read it I have read it we're doing so well that was a shaky start but like we're doing well now yeah I've read a book of cold cases read this in my Goodreads mistress driller awards reading the top 10 video I enjoyed it I mean it is those books I had to read so quickly and a lot of them were similar right so it is a little bit lost in the haze of that video I'm hoping I'm really going to try and give myself like as long as possible to read the books this time because I was kind of in a rush last time and I don't I didn't need to do that to myself but I did really enjoy it and I think Simone St. James is a is an author for me I love her speculative dash in all of her mysteries I really enjoy that that same month one that keeps interesting me is tell me everything which is non-fiction true story haven't read tell me everything I think that's on one of my tbrs this year either the 2023 tbr or the 24 book that I've read for 20 before I turn 24 which is like the end of January and 24 so it's like basically I have to read it this year or in January next year I haven't read tell me everything yeah I am still interested in this it's like a private investigator memoir it looks really good but haven't read it and I haven't really heard anyone speak about it so I'll just quickly mention them we have breathless by Amy McCulloch this is a thriller haven't read breathless it's a thriller I'll read it at one point it's like an isolated thriller I'll read it but I don't know I've been having some not a good luck with like snowy isolated thrillers when I should love them but like some of them haven't been my favorite like shiver didn't love shiver so I've been a bit scared off a little bit I think and then we have the hacienda which is a like horror I really enjoyed this one it's a gothic you know kind of similar to Mexican gothic you got like a woman moving into her new husband's home and the weird stuff going on it's a horror I really enjoyed it I really want to read more from this author Vampire Zabel Norte I think is the release this year and I'm like oh yeah I can't Isabel can't Isabel give me vamps give me I'm loving vamps I'm loving the resurgence of vamps give me more vamps give me give me vamps give me vamps give me give me vamps okay then I think the last section we have got three fairy loot boxes I'm gonna gonna chance me having read these books it's not great I'm not great at reading book box books oh it's the stardust I haven't read the stardust feet I know a lot of people have really enjoyed this it's a fan well of course it's a f***ing fantasy this is a fairy loot but I have heard really good things it is still on my radar but you know I don't really know what it's about an arrow to the moon by Emily XR fan I haven't heard of this yeah an arrow to the moon I decided I wasn't interested in this so it is unread but I have unhauled this one because it just was you know sometimes with book boxes I was lucky enough to receive fairy loot for a while sometimes you just get books you're not as interested in what's the other one oh blood I'm gonna mispronounce this blood scion no I haven't read that one either and I think I unhauled that one as well I think I gifted it to one of my patrons sorry I haven't read it what is the last book tell me I've read this one this is one of my most anticipated releases of the year it is the girl who fell beneath the sea by Axio it is beautiful haven't read it but that one is still on my tbr the girl who fell beneath the sea I still want to read that okay let's just talk about the number shall we because it's all I care about so I have read counting according to my calculations I have read 14 of the books are in the book court and I have not read 11 now we got let down by fairy loot a little bit at the end but listen I am happy with that split having read 14 and not read 11 is not bad considering I've also unhauled two of those I've unhauled two of those so I've only got nine of those books still on my tbr from uh from this initial book call so listen it's not bad is it it's not bad we did it that's better than I thought I would do that's better than I thought was it better than you thought I do or did you have faith and you knew I was doing that anyway I hope you had faith in me did you have faith in me it's always fun to go back and look at the books I hauled a year ago it reminds me of some that I really need to get to like Siren Queen only on the weekends are like some that like at the top of my list like need to get to god there's so many books so little time isn't it guys I'm just like looking at my books I'm like when am I gonna read all of you I just like wish I could read like I wish I could do nothing but read but alas I have to edit things and like do other things in life we should just read all the time anyways guys I hope you enjoyed this video it's always fun to look back on the books I was buying a year ago see how many of them have read see how many of them I actually enjoyed there was a little bad stretch there with wild wicked things book of night there was some rough ones anyways I hope you enjoyed the video and I will see you very soon in another one bye


Hello everyone, I'm Prasna Ravi from Nanayang Technological University, Singapore, and this work was jointly done with Sudarshan Haroi from University of Birmingham, Anupam Chettopadhyaya and Shivan Basant from NDO Singapore. Cash and encryption keys has been used as a standard technique for efficiency reasons in several protocols such as the TLS and IKE, mainly because it reduces the overhead from generating new keys after every encryption. And the security of several public key schemes in such a scenario when static keys are reused has been studied for a very long time dating back to the attack of Blythand Bahar reported way back in 96 on RSA. And these attacks typically work by acquiring the decryption device using malicious cipher texts and the attacker basically makes several guesses for the decrypted message and computes the corresponding shared keys and checks whether the shared keys actually match or not over several cipher text queries. And he obtains such information over several invalid cipher texts and he will be able to recover the secret key. And lattice based public key encryption schemes are also known to be susceptible to such chosen cipher text attacks when the static keys are used. And there are two ways to protect against such attacks. The first straightforward technique is to totally avoid key caching but it has a considerable impact on performance as you're using middle keys. And the second more concrete technique is to adopt chosen cipher text security which concretely removes the presence of a key mismatch oracle. Now the Fujisaki Okamoto transform is one such technique that's been adopted by several lattice based schemes to provide chosen cipher text security. And this technique mainly works by performing a re-encryption procedure after a decryption and this helps to check the validity of the received cipher text. And if the cipher text is invalid and the effort transform detects that it's an invalid cipher text and it completely rejects it. So the attacker for an invalid cipher text will in no way get any information about the decrypted message as the effort transform either aborts the procedure or just generates a pseudo random key. So this assumption ideally holds in a black box setting but when you bring side channels into the picture one can ask a question as to whether it's possible to utilize side channel information to get information about the decrypted message. And in fact a de-unverse et al demonstrated such an attack where they utilize timing information over variable time implementations of error correcting codes used in a couple of post quantum schemes lack and ram stick to recover some information about the decrypted message here and they were subsequently able to perform a full key recovery. Now this work raised several questions about the existence of other side channel information that could potentially be used to perform such attacks. In this work we basically externally generalize such approaches and we apply the attacks over six lattice based schemes that were all round to candidates in the next standardization process for post quantum cryptography and we identified two types of EM side channel vulnerabilities which can be used to efficiently instantiate an oracle that can subsequently be used to perform a full key recovery. We perform all our attacks on implementations in the ARM Cortex M4 microcontroller taken from the PQM4 library which is a publicly available library with optimized implementations for the same platform. And we demonstrate all our attacks on the same platform and all our attacks could be performed in a matter of minutes and only using a few thousand traces. Firstly, I start a bit with some background on lattice based public encryption schemes. Now all the targeted schemes in this work are based on the well-known learning with the error or learning with rounding problem and six out of the 26 schemes in the NIST competition in the second round were based on different variants of the LWE or LWR problem. Frodo was based on the standard LWE problem which involves computations over matrices and vectors. New Hope, LAC and Round 5 are three schemes that are based on the ring LWE or LWR problem which involve computation over polynomials and polynomial rings and Kyber and Saber which are also third round candidates are based on the model LWE or LWR problem and they involve computation over matrices and vectors of polynomials in efficient polynomials. And all the aforementioned schemes are secured in the chosen ciphertext model. However, in their core they contain chosen plaintext secure encryption scheme which is based on the well-known paradigm of the LPR encryption scheme which is named based on the authors Lubyshevsky, Peikert and Regev. I'll briefly explain the LPR encryption scheme using the ring LWE problem. And let's assume that all the operations performed on the polynomial ring are q equal to zqx over x per n plus 1 where all the polynomials have a degree n minus 1 and all the coefficients lie in the integer ring zq. In the key generation procedure we typically just generate an LWE instance. So we have a component A which is a public constant that's generated from a public seed and we sample two small polynomials S and E where S is the secret polynomial and E is the error polynomial and these two polynomials are sampled from a very narrow distribution. Now we generate the component T which is the LWE instance that's equal to A times S plus E and the pair A and T form the public key while the secret polynomial S forms the secret key. When you look at encryption we sample three ephemeral polynomials S prime, E prime and E double prime from a very narrow distribution. And we generate a component U which is an LWE instance that's A times S prime plus E prime and the message M which is to be encrypted is a bit vector and since all computations are performed on polynomials we need to convert this bit vector into a polynomial. Now commonly it is done by directly mapping one bit to its corresponding coefficient. So if let's say a bit is one then it's mapped to a Q by two which is the center of the integer ring ZQ and if a message bit is zero then it's encoded to zero. Now we generate another LWE instance as T times S prime plus E double prime and we add the encoded message polynomial to this LWE instance in order to hide it within the LWE instance. And the corresponding components U and V are formed the ciphertext and in the decryption procedure we compute the product U times S and we subtract this product from the ciphertext component V which generates the message polynomial but it contains some errors. And this error message polynomial is decoded back to the message bit vector using the poly decoding function. And this scheme is basically secured in the chosen plaintext model and since these schemes are based on the LWE or LWE or LWE are problem they are associated with a certain decryption failure rate. And however the key criteria for CCA security is to have a negligible decryption failure rate and there are two ways to satisfy this criterion. Some schemes are design parameters with negligible failure rate that's a straightforward way. However there are other schemes such as round five and lack which utilize error correcting codes to artificially reduce the decryption failure rate. So how they do that is that they take the message vector M and then they basically encode it using an error correcting code to convert it into a code word and then they use that code word within the encryption procedure and within the decryption procedure we basically decrypt to the code word and then what we do is we apply a decoding procedure to basically get back the message from the recovered code word. Looking at chosen ciphertext security as stated earlier the effort transform has been the technique that's been widely used in several lattice based schemes and it's basically used to convert a chosen plaintext secure public encryption scheme into a chosen ciphertext secure key encapsulation mechanism and basically forms a wrapper around the encryption and decryption procedures using several instantiations of one-way functions and basically works by checking the validity of the ciphertext through a re-encryption after decryption. So looking at the encapsulation procedure we have a message here that's generated from a random cvue and we basically hash the message with the public key to generate a random r and if required we encode the message to a code word and we subsequently perform an encryption procedure and it's important to note that the random r here is used to deterministically generate the ephemeral secrets s' e' and e' in the encryption procedure and subsequently the shared key k is nothing but is basically obtained by hashing r with the ciphertext and in the decryption procedure we first perform a decryption of the ciphertext to get back the code word c' and we decode it back to the message m', then we repeat the same steps that's performed in encapsulation that is we hash the message with the public key and get r' and we perform the re-encryption procedure here and we compare the generated ciphertext with the received ciphertext and if they are the same then we know that the ciphertext is valid, it generates a random key. Now one can easily see that for an invalid ciphertext we only generate a pseudo random key and hence an attacker cannot gain any information about the decrypted message for any invalid ciphertext. Now this is the overall block diagram of the cc secure decapsulation and in order to attack the cc secure decapsulation we need to answer two key questions. Firstly, how do we utilize side channel information to instantiate an efficient plain text checking oracle? Now if you look at the block diagram of the cc secure decapsulation we can see that the secret code word is first supplied to the error correcting codes if a scheme chooses to utilize an error correcting code and subsequently it's provided given back to the effort transform. Now in order to gain information about the code word we supposed to obtain side channel information from some operations within the error correcting code and in some schemes which do not utilize the ecc the message is directly given to the effort transform so we supposed to obtain some side channel information from the effort transform to obtain some information about the secret decrypted message here and the second question that we can ask ourselves is how do we craft chosen ciphertext such that the output of the oracle instantiated oracle can be used to recover the secret key. So we start by first explaining how side channel information can be used to instantiate an binary oracle. So we start so first I'll explain about the experimental setup. So as stated earlier we perform all our attacks on the arm cortex and for microcontroller on implementations taken from the pkm4 library. Our implementations run at a frequency of 24 megahertz and we obtain EM side channel information using a near field EM probe and record measurements from a lecro oscilloscope at 500 mega samples per second. Firstly we look at se over error correcting codes used in the round five scheme in round five a novel error correction scheme called xcf is used which is a linear parity code and you can correct up to of f errors per code word. So we have a message here that is k bits and there is a corresponding message polynomial that's mp and the encoding procedure typically works by computing a set of two f registers according to this particular equation these registers are also binary polynomials and they can be looked at as corresponding bit vectors and the code word is nothing but the message appended with the register set r. In the decoding procedure we again reconstruct the register set r double prime from the obtained message m prime and we flip those bits in m prime which satisfy this particular condition. I'm not going into too many details about this particular condition however an important point to note is that the decision making process as to whether to flip a particular bit or not is implemented as a majority logic operation using bitwise operators which we found by analyzing the implementation and we also observed that if the code word is valid then all the inputs to this particular major majority logic operation are all zeros. However if a code is invalid even with a single bit error one or more in fact several inputs are non-zero and we observed that the differential behavior this differential behavior based on the code words validity can be easily observed through side channel information through side channels and in particular we're interested to distinguish between two types two particular values of the code word one is an all zero code word c equal to zero which corresponds to code word for an all zero message m equal to zero and the other code word which is an invalid code word is c equal to one with a one bit error in the lsv position. Now the reason why we are interested to distinguish between these two particular values for the code word is that as we'll see later in the talk one can construct stores and ciphertexts that can decrypt to these particular code words irrespective of the value of the secret key and in fact those stores and ciphertexts can subsequently be utilized to perform a full key recovery. So we are basically interested in distinguishing between the two cases c equal to zero and c equal to one and in order to do that we utilize a t-test based reduced template approach to distinguish between the two cases. So this technique works as follows. So we first construct ciphertexts for code words c equal to zero and c equal to one which can be easily done by simply utilizing any value of c according to this particular encryption function and we basically collect n traces corresponding to the decryption of c equal to zero and c equal to one and we basically normalize the traces and compute the t-test between them and we can see that there are several peaks in the t-test which shows that the two computations are easily distinguishable at those points at several points in fact and this t-test plot was obtained for this particular parameter set of long five and we choose those points that are above a certain threshold comfortably above the t-test threshold of plus or minus 4.5 and we construct a reduced trace set using those points of interest and then we take the mean of the reduced traces and use them as reduced templates for the two cases and in the attack phase one can perform a simple template matching with the reduced templates to determine the class corresponding to the attack trace. Now in case of lack, lack is also another ring LWE scheme that utilizes the BCH code for error correction. As stated earlier, DeAnvers et al demonstrated a timing attack on a variable time implementation of the BCH decoding procedure but in our case we are utilizing the EM side channel and the decoding project typically works by computing a syndrome for the received code word and it's well known that the syndrome is zero for a correct code word, a valid code word, however it's non-zero for an invalid code word and hence we hypothesize that the syndrome computation can probably be targeted through side channels and can be used to efficiently distinguish between the two cases. Even here the two cases are nothing but c equal to zero which is a valid code word and c equal to one which is an invalid code word with a single bit error and we follow the same approach to distinguish the two cases and we can here again see that the t-test gives rise to several peaks showing that there are several points that are easily distinguishable. And looking at Kyber which is a scheme that does not use any error correction we need to analyze the decapsulation procedure to understand where is to probe for side channel information. Now we can see that the secret decrypted message m prime is immediately given to a hash function here with the public key and we feel that since this operation directly operates over the decrypted message this can be a very nice target for to obtain side channel information about the decrypted message and here again we like to differentiate between the two cases m equal to zero and m equal to one and the deficient property of the hash function ensures that even a single bit change between the two cases can help us to efficiently distinguish the two computations over the EM side channel and we capture EM trends corresponding to somewhere close to the end of the hash computation to nicely distinguish between the two cases and here again we utilize the t-test based template approach and we can here again see that there are multiple points about the t-test threshold showing as the two computations can be very easily distinguishable. So in the second part of this talk we'll be talking about how to utilize this side channel oracle to craft chosen cybertexts and correspondingly perform secret key recovery. So here again we assume that all operations are performed over the polynomial ring rq and if you look at decryption the first operation is the multiplication of u times s and if you look at the product r all every coefficient of r is dependent on all the coefficients of s and after this multiplication all the other operations are coefficient wise operations and hence even every bit of the decrypted message is dependent on all the secret coefficients. Now in order to break this dependency with all the secret coefficients we basically choose constant values for the ciphertext components u and v and if we do that then the resulting product is nothing but a scalar multiple of the secret and hence each coefficient of r i is only dependent on its corresponding coefficient of s i and subsequently even every bit of the message is only dependent on one on the corresponding secret coefficient. So we easily break the dependency by choosing constant values for u and v and now what we do is we need to choose values for k u and k v the constants based on certain conditions. Now if we look at the value of the message bit m i prime we see that in the the first bit m m zero prime is dependent on both k u and k v however the other bits are only dependent on k u. Now we choose those values of k u and k v such that the first bit is a function of s zero however the second bits always decrypt to zero no matter what is the value of the secret coefficient. Now in this way we ensure that the decryption output can only take two possible values zero or one and the decryption output m prime only depends on s zero only depends on one particular coefficient and subsequently we can run a brute force over the values of k u and k v such that the different values of k u and k v can uniquely identify the value of s zero based on the value of m prime. So in to put it more clearly we can construct a nice x o table and here we have a table for this parameter set of round five and with just two chosen ciphertexts we can uniquely distinguish every possible candidate for the secret coefficient. In round five round five utilizes ternary polynomials and hence we just require two chosen ciphertexts to uniquely distinguish every candidate for the secret coefficient based on the values of c prime whether it is zero or whether it is one. While the previous technique helped us to recover s zero the same technique can be adapted to also perform full-key recovery. The way we do that is by exploiting a property of polynomial multiplication in the ring wherein multiplication of polynomial s with x per i rotates the polynomial s by i positions in an anti-cyclic fashion and if we choose u and v such that it has non-zero coefficients the ith position then the first bit of the decrypted message is no more dependent on the corresponding coefficient s of zero but it depends on s of n minus i that is the coefficient of the n minus ith position and all the other bits of the message are zero. That's by simply changing the location of the non-zero coefficient of u and v then we can fully recover the secret key one coefficient at a time and as we can see we exploit the efficient rotation property of polynomial multiplication in the ring to restrict the number of values of the decryption output to just two and onto some experimental results here we perform practical experiments on one parameter set each for round five lag and kyber and you can see that the number of attack rates ranges from 2.9 k to 7.7 k and the time taken is ranges from 4.5 minutes to 10 minutes so the attack can be considered to be very practical both in terms of time and also in terms of the number of traces and also the number of pre-processing traces remains constant because we essentially have only two templates which are built using 50 traces each. Now because all schemes differ in certain minor technical details some schemes require us to adapt the attack in a different manner so looking at Frodo which involves computations over matrices and vectors the rotation property of polynomial application does not hold and hence the position of the dependent bit in the decryption outputs output keeps changing based on which secret coefficient you want to recover and hence in order to recover the secret coefficient in the ith position one has to distinguish between m and all 0 m and m that is equal to 2 power i meaning the ith position one and the ith position and zero at all the other positions so this requires us to generate many more templates and these are the number of templates that are required to be generated for different parameter sets of Frodo and with respect to New Hope it utilizes a retentancy approach wherein it encodes and decodes a single bit into multiple coefficients of the message polynomial so in case of New Hope 512 one bit is encoded into two coefficients and two coefficients are decoded back to recover a single bit and in case of New Hope 1024 the retentancy factor increases to four so even though you choose the ciphertext according to our earlier technique every message bit at least here in case of New Hope 1024 every message bit will be dependent on four secret coefficients which cannot be avoided and in case of New Hope 512 it depends on two coefficients and hence instead of recovering integer coefficients we now need to I uniquely distinguish between pairs and quadruples so in New Hope 512 you have to distinguish between 289 candidate pairs and in New Hope 1024 you have to distinguish between 85,000 cases which requires a lot of ciphertexts and we do not run a brute force to generate a unique distinguisher for all the cases but we rather propose a two-stage randomized approach which heavily reduces the effort to search for the required ciphertexts I'm not going to the details of this technique it is available in the paper however we ran some attack simulations and could perform full key recovery assuming an ideal plaintext checking oracle and for New Hope 512 it required about 6,000 queries and for New Hope 1024 we required about 26,000 queries to perform full key recovery and now on to countermeasures masking serves as a very good countermeasure against the attacks that we proposed over targeting both error cutting procedures and the effort transform however to the best of our knowledge there is no masking scheme that's available to protect the error correcting code and it's not been studied yet so it can be an interesting avenue for research now however on schemes that target the effort transform masking can concretely protect against an attack as there are many masking schemes that are known that that are known to provide full security for the complete CC security encapsulation procedure and our attacks again reiterate the need for evaluating concrete masking cell countermeasures to protect lattice based schemes against side channel attacks so to conclude we basically propose generic approaches to perform side channel assisted chosen ciphertext attacks and we perform attacks over six lattice based schemes which are all part of the second round of the misunderstanding process and in fact the three schemes have also progressed to the final round and we identify vulnerabilities over the error correcting procedures and also the effort transform to efficiently instantiate a side channel plain text checking oracle and we subsequently also perform full key recovery on implementations of the arm cortex and for microcontroller and all the demonstrated attacks could be performed in a matter of minutes only using a few thousand traces and as stated earlier our attacks again reiterate the need to actually evaluate concrete masking countermeasures for lattice based schemes to protect against attacks such as ours thank you if you have any questions please feel free to ask


and welcome. Today, we're going to continue working with different file formats. We've looked at converting different types of spreadsheets to CSV files, and we've looked at converting CSV files into JSON files. Now, we're going to be looking at parsing through. That means going through and pulling stuff out of the JSON file. So, if I list out here, we've got a couple of spreadsheet files. We've got a CSV file and a JSON file. And again, CSV files and JSON files are both plain text, plain ASCII characters. That means you can just, you can read them. As a person, I can say, cat, people, yes, well, people write people.csv. And I can see, I can read those names, I can read those address, and there'll be a link to this file in the description of the video, by the way, the CSV file anyway. All right, I guess I'll put the JSON file since that's what we're working with. Anyway, and the JSON file is similar. You can read it. It's formatted a little bit different. It actually makes it a larger file because you have more text, but it makes it easier to pull out the information you want. And right here, it's an array of people. There's about almost 900, 800 some people in here. We got birth dates, addresses. This is a file I've created, a list of people I created based on real people from voter registration, but I shuffled up all the names, addresses, and changed the numbers. So, basically, it's similar to real information, but it's not real people information. So, you can use it for your projects for testing. Anyway, again, I can go through here and find what I'm looking for. You know, you could go old school route like if I want to, I could say grep jones, and we'll make that a capital J from our people.json file, you know, and I found jones and I can say, okay, dash, let's see, jones last name is there. So, I can say dash A3 dash B, I'll say five, I'm just eyeballing this. So, I'm saying fine, everyone, any line says jones, show me the three lines before and the three lines after. And so, there we go. We can kind of see these people. So, now I'm just looking at everyone named jones. So, you know, you could do something like that, but that's not what we're looking to do. We want to be a little more specific. So, what we're going to do here is we're going to use the jq command. And if I use my package manager, I say aptitude search jq, and I'll say less on that so I can see the list. It's going to bring up every file that has word jq in it, but you'll see there is a program called jq. You see this, I have it installed and it is a lightweight and flexible command line JSON processor. So, now what I can do is I can just cat out JSON, my people.json, and I can put that, pipe that into jq and it's going to be just like catting it out, only it colorizes for me. And if my file wasn't formatted so nicely, I'm pretty sure jq would have formatted like if everything was on one line and there wasn't indentation, jq I think would have done that. But right here all it's done for us since my file is already formatted properly. It's giving us basically our fields, our field names highlighted in blue in this case. But let's say I wanted to grab just the first entry in here. What I can do is I can say since this is an array, as you can see I have, is the brackets here. So everything, every entry in here is an array. I can say I want zero would be the first array. No, that's not, that's not right. Oh, sorry. Dot bracket zero. There we go. That's the first entry. I can go to the third entry by doing two, five all the way through. But what I can also do is if I leave it like that, it's going to show all the entries. But then I can say dot, I want just the last name of everybody, L name. So now it's listing all the last names. Or I can do the F name for the first names or zip for zip code. But if I wanted the fifth entry, actually that would be the sixth entry since we start with zero. I want the fifth entry's zip. I can do that and it just gives me the fifth entry zip. Or I can say the 333rd, which is really the 334th entry, I can get their zip code, which is the same as theirs. Let's do something other than zip. Let's do L name. So there, there's their L name. And I'll change that to two. And that's their last name. Now we're piping this in directly from a final directory, but we can also use W get or curl to pull something from the Internet. So I'm just going to real quick do go up through here because I already have this in here. Here we go. So here's a link to just an example from some web page, an example JSON file. So I'm using W get, I'm using dash Q for quiet so it doesn't give me a percentage bar of what's downloading and doing. Capital O is output and the dash just means standard output. I'll go ahead and hit enter. And there's that file. And again, I can pipe that into JQ. And it's just going to format if it's not format and colorize things for me. Let's go ahead and do less so I can look at this file. And maybe less was not a good option. I'll just JQ and then I'll scroll up. So here you can see the main entry here is called quiz. And that we have maths. So if I want to go and I want to look at the sports, I can tell sports or I can say maths. Let's just go here and I'll pipe and then JQ and send the quotation here. I'm going to say quiz. So now it's going to show me just the quiz and I can say dot maths. There's no brackets here because so far we haven't hit an array. So there's the math. So there's two questions in the math quiz. So now I can say, I want to look at question one so dot question one. And it's going to show us just question one. And here I can get the question by saying question question. And if I wanted to see the options, I can say options. And it's going to show me the options which is an array as you can see the brackets there. So what I can do here is I can say options and I can say two, which should give us 12. Yep. And if I said zero, that would give us the 10. So I'm going through that. But if I didn't want options, let's say I just want the answer. I can get the answer. Is it answer? Yeah, answer. And the answer is 12. So that is just a quick look at using JQ. And here I'm piping directly from a JSON from a website into JQ. And this is a lot of times you'll use JSON, you know, on websites. So if a website has an API where you have a URL where you can grab information, you can directly use curl or W get to pipe directly into JQ and pull the information out. And you don't have to use Oc and set and grab and all these different tools to try to try to grab what you need. You could do it that way. If you don't have JQ on a very lightweight system, you could definitely do that. It's one of the benefits of having plain text files. But JQ is designed for parsing.  And it's very easy, especially when you get into things with arrays, we're looking at very small files here. But if you had a large file, then it was definitely be a way to quickly do it. So go ahead, check out your repositories. If not, search GitHub. JQ is on GitHub. And I do thank you for watching. Please visit filmsbychrist.com. That's Chris of the K. There's a link in the description of the video to my website, so as my Patreon page. And also you can support me in the support section. There's a link on my website to my Patreon and to PayPal. I thank you for watching. And as always, I hope that you have a great day.


Matt, I am not considered high value if I am disabled and can't work. You know, not being able to work or not working is just ridiculous.  I was just reading about it today. I can't remember exactly what it was talking about specifically, but what they said in it as one of the ending conclusions is that most men absolutely don't care about your job, how much money you make or anything like that. Your job has nothing to do with your value. It's women that are concerned about men who have jobs that are better than theirs, right? That's what is high value for women, is a man who has a job and has financial resources. For most men, they don't care about your job. If you have one, it's cool and they like it and they're happy for you and all that kind of stuff, but it's not something that determines your value in his eyes, right? That's a thing that the feminine determines is valuable, right? His resources, his security is kind of creating this shelter and this environment for her to be in. That's a feminine thing to look for, not a masculine thing. A masculine doesn't care about financial security from outside sources because he's creating that dome of security for you. Just remember that.


Hey everyone, welcome back to Six Sister Stuff. Today we're making cheesy chicken broccoli and rice. So my name is Kristen. And I'm Kendra, and today we're going to show you an easy meal. I was so intimidated by my instant pot for so long, two years actually. I got this, I got an instant pot for my wedding. Didn't touch it for two years. Two years? Because it was just a robot that I didn't know how to work. Okay, okay, so it was feeling bad. Two years, guys. Two years is a long time. I did not touch this. I just thought it was a bomb, ready to go off at any minute, I touched a button. So if you are in the same boat as me and you're just starting out with your instant pot, this is a great recipe to start with.  So we'll walk you through this easy recipe that you can put together in literally minutes. Oh, that sounds great, okay guys. You're ready, let's get cooking. Okay, so the one thing you don't want with this recipe is the burn notice. So we're gonna just show you our tips and tricks of how to not get the burn notice when you're cooking rice and other things in the instant pot. So we have a cup and a half of just plain white rice here. Now if you're gonna use brown rice, it's gonna be a different cooking time. So anything that's white rice, maybe stick with white rice for this recipe. Okay, so we have a cup and a half. Then we have four cups of chicken broth. Do you wanna grab that one and dip it in? And I love how much flavor it gives the rice and everything in this recipe. It's just something as simple as chicken broth. Yes, now the secret with when you're cooking rice, so you have one cup of rice, you want one and a fourth cup of liquid. So we have a cup and a half of rice, so that means we get two cups of liquid. So we're going to mix the rice and liquid right now to make sure all the rice is covered. And yeah, you just don't want hard pieces of rice in your cooking. You don't want that weird crunch coming in. Okay, so all the rice on the bottom with the liquid, we're just gonna leave that there. Okay, so I'll let you go next. The next thing you're gonna do is add one onion. This is just a yellow onion. We sliced it up pretty thin and it will soften up in this instant pot. And then to this, we're gonna add about a cup and a half of chicken. We like to use a rotisserie chicken and shred it up just because it's easy and it's vast. Or you can even buy cooked pre-shredded chicken in your deli at most grocery stores too. So, so we'll add in our chicken and then we're gonna add one teaspoon of minced garlic. So it's like two cloves equals one teaspoon, so just throw it in. And then just some salt and pepper to taste. Twist this guy around. I love my pepper. I love this little onions too. Mm-hmm. Smells like Sunday morning. It totally does. Yeah. Is that bad luck? I think that's bad luck. Do I toss it over my shoulder now? Do it. Okay. Okay. That's it. That is it. So the secret of this is you're not gonna mix it in right now, so we kind of just put everything on top. Yes. All right, so you're gonna put the lid on. You hear that little jingle? That means you're doing it right. Yep. Now usually if you have a little knob, you would turn it to like ceiling. Not venting. Not venting, but this one is like, it's a different one. It's a Duonova, so I don't have to push anything. I'll just put the lid on and it will automatically set to what I want it to. So now we're gonna push the pressure cook or if you have a manual button, it's the same thing.  We're gonna cook for seven minutes because that's how long our rice needs to cook. Everything else will be fine. So set that and then you can just walk away. All right, it is done cooking. So now it's time we're gonna release the pressure because it's rice. You can do a quick release, get it out there quick. So usually you would turn your little knob to venting but because this one's a little bit different, all I have to do is press the button. So be ready. Back up. So while we were letting all the pressure release, we steamed our broccoli because if you put broccoli in and cook it all together, it kind of disintegrates. It kind of disappears. It does, which is how I prefer my broccoli. I think our dad does too. So I like it so you can still see the broccoli so I like to steam it while we release this. Anyways, pressure is released, broccoli is steamed. We're ready to go. Awesome. Wanna stir it? Yep, go ahead and stir. Okay, so while you're mixing that, I'm just gonna dump in the broccoli. Okay, perfect. So we have like two cups of broccoli in there. Mix it all in. And then to this, we're going to add about six ounces of cheddar cheese. Like what, a cup and a half? Yeah. So mix it all in, it's a little warm. It is warm. And this will just melt into it, making the whole dish just cheesy. I love like one of my favorite dishes is chicken and cheese and rice. Yes, throw in a vegetable that you can't even taste. You're good. It's a win-win. It is. Okay, we'll just dish it out so you can see it better. This bowl is so cute. Now if you wanna add more spices, a little more salt and pepper. Yes. You are welcome to do that. But your kids are gonna love this. And I guess the adults too will love it too. Oh, so there's some cheese. There we go. All right, you guys, thank you so much for joining us today. Now if you want more easy dump and go recipes, you can find them just right over here. And we will see you guys next time. See you later.


Frustrating is it to have a night like this where you guys had so many chances and just weren't able to punch through enough Yeah, I mean frustrating one offensively for sure Yeah, like you said we have some chances. We just uh, you know, we couldn't get that big hit tonight And just you know, you guys are you headed to Tampa to play the raise Just you know your thoughts going into that series given You know the the the battle that you guys had with them last year is it is it gonna be tough to see them You know raise the pennant when you when you're there for their season opener or their home opener No, I know we're excited to go down there and play them again You know, they pretty much have the same team we pretty much have the same team So it'll be a good series and looking forward to going down there and playing them Ken David off, please unmute Hey, what did you think about your fly ball on the 11th off the bat? Do you think it was a good enough to squirm there? Um, it probably probably not You know, I hit it pretty hard The outfielder had a little bit of time to set his feet and make a good throw is you know, I think we got to go on that situation and Just didn't didn't work out. They made the play