The DuPont Company of Wilmington, Delaware, makers of better things for better living through chemistry, presents the Cavalcade of America. Tonight's star, Dorothy McGuire. Tonight's DuPont Cavalcade, the Rose and the Thorns, starring Dorothy McGuire as Winnie, the daughter of Jefferson Davis, begins in the year 1885, the season is spring. In a plush and guilt suite of Delmonico's Hotel on New York's lower Broadway, a young woman sits at a desk writing a letter. My darling Alfred, when you read this, I will have left New York and with it all my dreams of happiness. I know you will call me a coward for running away. A choice I've made is a sorrowful one, and it has taken all the strength of my being to see it through. On the desk before me is the bouquet of roses you sent, and their perfume brings back a hundred memories. Do you remember Beauvoir, our plantation in Mississippi? The glory of France roses, one full gloom that morning when first we met. I was sitting on the veranda writing down the words my father spoke as he paced nervously. And my purpose in writing this history of the Confederacy is to perpetuate the dream the South fought for, a way of life that held as its ideal the dignity of the individual man. Father, excuse me. Oh, what is it, Winnie? There's a carriage coming up the drive. I wasn't expecting visitors, now who can that be? I think it's a hard hack. Thank you, sir. Morning, Marsnaves. Good morning, Luther. You want me to wait for you, sir? No, come back in an hour. Yes, sir.  I hope you'll forgive this intrusion. You are Colonel Davis. I am Jefferson Davis. My name is Wilkinson. Welcome to Beauvoir, Mr. Wilkinson. May I present my daughter, Winnie. How do you do, Mr. Wilkinson? I'm deeply honored, Miss Davis. And to what may we ascribe the honor of your visit, Mr. Wilkinson? I'm writing a series of articles for the New York world on conditions in the South. I see. Winnie, will you order some refreshments for our guest and with your permission, sir? I will retire. But Colonel Davis, I've come all the way from New York to interview you. I am sorry, sir, but I am afraid it would serve no purpose, either to you or to your readers. But I assure you our readers would welcome news of you. May I ask why? Well, you... you've become something of a legend, sir. A legend? I daresay. Tell me, do you Yankees still sing that song? Will hang Jeff Davis to a sour apple tree? Most assuredly not, sir. All that's been forgotten. And you may tell your readers that the South has not forgotten. Good day, Mr. Wilkinson. But Colonel Davis, I... See who our guests needs, Winnie? You must forgive my father, Mr. Wilkinson. He's in frail health. He's been taxing his strength to the limit of late. Oh, I understand. Tell me, has he embarked on some new project? Yes. He's writing a history of the Confederacy. That's a very ambitious project. Yes. Well, I try to relieve him of as much of the arduous work as I can. I go through the archives and look for lost documents, and then I write down his words. You know, it's very sad to see a man who's lived a life of action. I mean... Jefferson Davis does not need your pity, Mr. Wilkinson. No, Ms. Davis, please. I... I didn't mean I... You just see an old man puttering about, writing memoirs and trying to resurrect the glories of a vanished past. That's all you see in him, isn't it? I see a young girl wasting her youth among the dusty archives and moldering documents of a vanished world. A... a rose among the thorns. I fail to see what business it is of yours, sir. I'm a newspaper man. I'm interested in people. Well, it strikes me that the quality of your interest is such that you won't find a warm reception here in Biloxi, Mr. Wilkinson. I anticipate it's a little trouble, but I'll get what I came here for in time. Mr. Wilkinson, I... I must go in now. Pray, make yourself comfortable until your carriage arrives. Thank you. If you like, read my father's manuscript. But I assure you, there's nothing in it that will interest your Yankee readers. Don't believe everything you hear about us, Yankees. In fact, someday a Yankee may surprise you. And you did surprise me. Or perhaps I should say, I surprised myself. One morning, as I strolled along our beach, do you remember? Ms. Winnie! Ms. Winnie! Oh, it's Mr. Wilkinson. Well, what a pleasant surprise. Do you mind if I walk along with you? If it pleases you. It pleases me very much. And have you written an article for your paper describing our life at Beauvoir? You know all that's lurid detail? If someone doesn't grant me an interview soon, I shall be obliged to invent some lurid detail. I warned you. You would not find a warm welcome here, Mr. Wilkinson. And I told you I'd get what I came here for in time. Do you know what my father said about you? I'd like to. He said, if that young man wasn't a Yankee, I'd take his persistence for sheer rebel cousiness. I regard that as a very high compliment. You do? Your father is a very proud man. A proud man doesn't often unbend that far. Well, I think you understand my father a little. Well, I did read part of his history of the Confederacy. Do you approve of it? Well, let me put it this way. He made me see for the first time the vision that lay behind the South Struggle. Oh, I wish you would tell him that. It's been so discouraged of late. And if he knew that you are a Yankee... Must we go on being Yankees and rebels forever? Oh, it's hard not to. It's hard for both sides to forget. There's bitterness... For those who fought the war, there needn't be for us. Look at us. We talk together. We understand each other. Understand each other? Yes. Yes, I think we do. Winnie, where have you been? Your mother's been worried about you. Oh, I'm sorry, mother. I must have lost track of the time. It's all right, dear. Did you enjoy your walk? Very much. Oh, it was such a beautiful day. We walked nearly to the custom house. We? Oh, Mr. Wilkinson and I? The Yankee? You walked with him? Now, mother, he's very nice. And father, he read some of your history, and he thinks it's wonderful. Wonderful. Well, he didn't use that word. Oh, but you must talk to him and hear what he has to say about it. We really misjudged him, terrible father. Well, now if you think he's all right, then I'll talk to him, Winnie. I'll even give him his interview. Oh, thank you, father. I know you like him. I must say you seem to have developed a strong liking for him in one short walk. Oh, we walked for miles. I hope no one saw you together. For mother, why? The daughter of the Confederacy? Walking out with a Yankee? There'll be no end of gossip. Let him gossip. I think it's shameful the way everyone has snubbed him, including us. Excuse me, Mars Dave. Yes, James, what is it? Miss Peeves is calling, sir. What does that old busybody want? Now, James. All right. Tell her to come in, James. Mars Dave says, go on in, Miss Peeves. Thank you, James. Verena and Winnie, oh, Winnie, my precious. What a touching tribute that dear Mr. Wilkinson rolled. Aren't you proud? Give you? In the New York world. Why haven't you read it? We don't take any Yankee papers ever. Well, we wouldn't either. Only Mr. Peeves gets it for the market quotations. I brought the clipping with me. Wait till you read it, Winnie. It's all about you. About me? Read it, honey. Here. Read it out loud. You have such a pretty voice. Where? Oh, here it is. Rose among the thorns. Lovely flower of the old south blooms unseen behind plantation walls. Heart-rending devotion of Jeff Davis' daughter. Well, how dare he? Well, he doesn't rock the headlines. Read the article, honey. Biloxi, Mississippi. Behind the star-quite columns of Beauvoir, Jeff Davis' beautiful plantation house on the Gulf Coast. The child whom Robert E. Lee held in his arms and was called the daughter of the Confederacy, has grown to graceful young womanhood. But instead of receiving the bows and admirers who yearn to surround her and pay their court, she has chosen to spend her lovely youth assisting her father in the preparation of a monumental history, which will take years to complete. She sits among all Confederate archives and documents, a rose among the thorns. Isn't it lovely? Oh, go on, honey. Oh, I can't. I'm so ashamed. I could die. Oh, no, no, honey. Don't take on so. It's only a New York paper, and nobody will read it. Town. I'll never be able to show my face again. Well, he's right about one thing, though. You shouldn't be cooped up in his house day after day. Why don't you let me help you with your book, Jeff? I have more time than I know what to do with it. But I want to help father. Well, yes, of course you do, my dear, but your mother's right now. You should get out of here. And your Aunt Emma has done something about it. I'm giving the ball in your honor, Winnie. Oh, no, Aunt Emma, you can't. Well, I've already invited everyone under the sun, and especially that handsome Yankee. Mr. Wilkinson? Why, naturally. Well, in that case, I wouldn't miss it for the world. I told no one what I had in mind, but my pride was hurt, and I was determined to avenge it. Yet, even while I was planning my vengeance, I knew in my heart that I would regret it. The ball at the Peabody Mansion was one of the grandest that had ever been given since antebellum days. Everyone in Biloxi was there, and you were there, too, my darling. Oh, my heart skipped a beat when I saw you crossing the room to greet me. Miss Winnie, how lovely you look this evening, like a princess released from a dark tower. And you are the magician who did it. Oh, you must be enjoying yourself at the spectacle of all these simple country people being taken in by your flowery face. Now, look here, Miss Winnie. Please excuse me, Mr. Wilkinson. You're attracting attention. Well, then we'd better talk out on the verandah. What if I don't choose to? I'll make a scene. Come on. Now, listen to me, Winnie Davis. I didn't write that article to make fun of you. I meant every word of it. I don't believe you. But you must believe me. Mr. Wilkinson, on your honor, as a gentleman, what do you really think of my father? I think he's a brilliant, courageous man. But you think he was wrong, don't you? You think we were all wrong. Not wrong, mistaken. Have you the courage to go in there and tell these people that? I suppose so. Why are you talking so strange? I'm just curious. I want to see just how far your hypocrisy can carry you. Hypocrisy? What else can it be called? I don't understand you. What have I done? Oh, you've spoiled everything for me with that horrid newspaper story. You've separated me from my father's work. Oh. You admit that's what you were trying to do. Yes. And you know why? No. Because I love you. Why, you don't even know me. I know you better than you know yourself. We'll see about that. The music has stopped playing. Now's a good time as any. For what? You profess to understand us so well. You dare to say you know me better than I do myself? Well, you may have deceived a few foolish old women, but not Jefferson Davis' daughter. Winnie, how can I prove to you that I mean what I say? Go in there and tell those people exactly how you feel about the war between the states, about my father. Then I may believe you. Very well. But I warn you, you'll regret it. I'll regret it?  Well, so be it. I'll do it and you'll regret it. Ladies and gentlemen. Ladies and gentlemen, please. I have been challenged to make a public profession of certain matters that will undoubtedly give offense to you, who have been my friends and generous hosts. But it has been put upon a point of honor. And so I have no choice. I am, as you all know, a Yankee. Unlike many Yankees, I never sang the song whose refrain goes, we'll hang Jeff Davis to a sour apple tree. But now that I am challenged to tell the whole truth, I must confess to you that I have agreed with Abraham Lincoln, that a house divided against itself cannot stand. Finally, and I beg him to bear in mind that I stand here under duress, I have never agreed and do not now agree with the public utterances of Jefferson Davis. Good night. Thank you for your kind indulgence. You, boy. Can I help you, Mr. Wilkinson? Yes. Fetch me my hat and stick. Yes, sir. Mr. Wilkinson, may I speak to you for just a moment? What is it now? Hasn't enough damage been done for one evening? I was wrong. You do know me. You said I'd regret it. I may know you, Winnie Davis, but I'll never understand you. Here's your things, Mr. Wilkinson. Thank you. Good night, Winnie. Wait a moment. Yes? Won't you escort me home? No, I'm sorry, but it's impossible. Why?  I dare anything after tonight. Winnie, you don't understand. Well, they'd never forgive you. If I let a Yankee outdo me in courage, I'd never forgive myself. So that's all it is. Adjust you. You know it's more than that, Alfred. No, no. I can't let you do it. If I follow you to your carriage, if I insist... I beg you to consider what you're doing. What do I care what people think? I'm Jeff Davis' daughter. And Jeff Davis' daughter can do no wrong. Not if you really love me. Boy. Yes, Mr. Wilkinson? Fetch Miss Winnie's cloak. She's leaving with me. You are listening to the Cavalcade of America starring Dorothy McGuire in The Rose and the Thorns sponsored by the DuPont Company, makers of better things for better living through chemistry. The DuPont Cavalcade continues starring Dorothy McGuire as the daughter of Jefferson Davis, who is writing a letter to Alfred Wilkinson, the man she loves. After we left the ball that night, people gossiped. Neither of us took it seriously until one day. Yes. Oh, good morning, Mrs. Peavey. Good morning, Mr. Wilkinson. I wonder if I may speak to you for a few moments. I won't take much of your time. Certainly. Won't you come in? Thank you. May I take your cloak, ma'am? No, thank you. I want to talk to you about Winnie Davis, Mr. Wilkinson. That's a pleasant subject, Mrs. Peavey. I understand that you and she are engaged to be married. We had hoped to announce our engagement in the near future. As soon as all this gossip about the other night dies down.  I'm sure it will. It will not die down. It will get worse. Bluxy's in a turmoil about it now. A turmoil? I can't believe that. Mr. Wilkinson, I know our people. I'm one of them. I was in Richmond when Winnie was born, in the executive mansion of the Confederacy. I was in the crowd when General Lee cared her out on the steps to show to the people, and she was called the daughter of the Confederacy. There are those who don't forget things like that, Mr. Wilkinson. Aren't you over-dramatizing it a little? What can you know of those days? After Richmond fell, Winnie's mother cared her arms through the long agonizing days and nights as they fled before the victorious Union armies. Everywhere they went, the confused and disheartened people took new courage from their example, and it's been that way ever since. Why, without such a symbol to look up to, the South would never have borne its defeat as it has. But that was 20 years ago. Wounds like ours take a long time to heal, Mr. Wilkinson. Why are you telling me this? Because I don't think you realize just how deeply Winnie's roots are implanted in the South. She thinks now she can throw over everything she has ever stood for. Turn her back on her people and find happiness with you of North. But it's not as easy as that. Why isn't it? Try her, and you'll see.  Let her think things over here by herself for a while. Then, if she still feels the same, let her join you there.  Are you afraid to put it to the test? Yes. Yes, I am. But nevertheless, Mrs. Peavey, I'll do it. I'll give you my word. Salford, why should we? Why should we let that meddling old woman influence us? She's not just a meddling old woman. She speaks for all the millions of people to whom you've become a symbol. I don't want to be a symbol. I want to be a woman. Then come away with me now, before it's too late. Now? I can't, not just now. Mother's ill and there's no one to help father with his history. Can't he hire someone to help him? Oh, you don't understand. He could never do his best work with strangers. That woman is right. Your roots are deep. Very deep.  I love you, Winnie. I shall always love you. I think you love me too, but you have another love. What? That's why I'm going away, so that you can be free to choose between us. Another love? The south. Oh, it's not the same as my love for you. Winnie, if you knew for certain that you could never come back here again, would you go away with me now? I don't know. Everything our love is here, except you. Oh, why couldn't I have been born in another time and another place? You had no choice any more than I had. Oh, I can't let you go. You must. It may all look very different to you when I'm gone. You may find it easy to forget me. And if I can't? Then come to me in New York. I'll be waiting for you, always. Oh, my darling, I shall miss you so. My dear. Go now, quickly. Goodbye, Winnie. Goodbye. Goodbye, my love. But I couldn't forget. And I followed you to New York. And now you must ask why. Why I must leave you and return to Biloxi. Why am I running away on the very eve of our wedding? Oh, I'm not certain myself. It is so many things. Here's a letter from my father. Perhaps it will help you to understand.  And only regret that you cannot be married here at Beauvoir. The glory of France roses are in full bloom. And the gulf is a vivid blue against a sky only a little less blue. And the voices of the fieldhands are raised in song. And it makes one feel that we have emerged from a terrible dream. And life goes on. I pray the day may come when you return here with your husband. As for me, I'm like a bit of Spanish moss. I may be bad for the tree, but I must cling to it for dear life. And it can't descend to where me for an ornament. If we do not meet again in this world, know that my thoughts and my love are with you wherever you go. Your loving father, Jefferson Davis. That is all, dear love. The other love has one out after all. Think of me sometimes. Remember the good things. And I will remember you as you look that day when you first came to Beauvoir. And you took my hand in yours and looked in my eyes. And your eyes said, I know you, but I will never understand you. And still we do belong to each other. And now goodbye. To Dorothy McGuire and the Cavalcade players was the night story, The Rose and the Thorns. To lights upon Cavalcade, The Rose and the Thorns was written by Robert Talman. Dorothy McGuire is currently starring in the 20th Century Fox production, Mr. 880. On tonight's DuPont Cavalcade, John Rabie was featured as Wilkinson and Bill Smith was Jefferson Davis. Music is composed by Arden Cornwell and conducted by Donald Boris. The program is directed by John Zoller. This is Psy Harris speaking.


I welcome you to this session. In this session, we will discuss the last part of Unit 5 of Financial Accounting of Become First Semester. In the earlier videos, in the first video, we have discussed about journal. In the second video, we have discussed subsidiary books. In the third video, we have discussed about leisure and leisure posting. And in this last video of this particular unit, we will discuss leisure balancing. We have posted the transactions from journal to leisure and now how to balance the leisure or how to close a particular leisure account. The topics that we will cover in this particular session are the meaning of leisure balancing, then the procedure of balancing an account. It is also known as leisure balancing, then the important points in leisure balancing and the nature of leisure and leisure balances. So, let us move forward and first of all, we will see the concept of leisure balancing. Leisure balancing means ascertaining the net difference between debit and credit of an account. As we have posted the transactions from journal to leisure and in the leisure we have recorded both the debit and credit aspect of the transaction, now our purpose is to close the account or just to balance the account. Now in balancing an account, very simply we just deduct the leisure amount from the heavier amount in the leisure. Let us move with the procedure of leisure balancing with an example. Our example is we have two transactions. Number one, purchase goods for rupees 5000 on credit from XY Enterprise and the second transaction is goods returned to XY Enterprise for rupees 2000. So, first we purchase some goods from XY Enterprise, but because of some issues or the goods are not according to the order that we have given we have returned some goods. So, that is the whole situation. These transactions first have to be recorded in the journal. So, in the journal book we will record it as for the first transaction purchase account debit to XY Enterprise means purchase account is debited and XY Enterprise account has been credited with 5000. And in the second transaction as we return the goods a new account will come into scene, the transaction will be XY Enterprise account will be debited and the new account is two returns outward account. Returns outward account means the goods that we have returned to the party from whom we have purchased the goods on credit. So, returns outward account will be credited. Now, if we see the leisure posting and we will examine how transactions are posted to XY Enterprise. So, it is the leisure account of XY Enterprise. On the debit side we have written it as two returns outward account and on the credit side we have written as buy purchase account. It is as per the rules of leisure posting. Now, it is time to balance the leisure. If we see then which side is heavier it clearly gives us the indication that credit side is heavier. In the credit side the amount is 5000 means we purchase the goods for rupees 5000 on credit and we return goods worth rupees 2000 to XY Enterprise. So, the credit side the amount column is heavier and from that amount we will deduct the leisure amount means the amount written on the amount column of the debit side of XY Enterprise leisure. So, the balancing figure the resultant figure will be 3000 and it will be recorded on the leisure side means on the debit side. So, 3000 is written against balance CD. It is the closing balance. It is written as two balance CD. CD means carry it down. Now, the same thing is again written on the credit side as buy balance BD. BD means brought down. It is also known as opening balance. The amount will be same 3000. If you observe the closing balance is on 31st December. So, this is the debt you we usually follow for balancing the account. It may be any debts according to your needs of the business, but on the next day the immediate next day will be the opening balance means on the 1st of January our opening balance is rupees 3000 that is on the credit side. So, this is the procedure of balancing an account. Now, there are certain important points in leisure balancing. Let us have a look. If the total of both the debit and credit side of an account is equal the account will have no balance or it is a zero balance account. Means there is nothing to detect from any heavier amount to the leisure amount. So, there is no balance. Now, secondly if the total of the debit side is more then the credit side of the account the account will have a debit balance. Again if the total of the credit side is more then the total of the debit side then the account will have a credit balance. The we have the credit balance in our example means the balance BD. The opening balance is on the credit side that is why it is known as the account with credit balance. Similarly, if the balance BD means the opening balance is on the debit side then it will be known as the account with debit balance. Now, according to the nature there are certain leisure balances that we can easily detect. For example, assets account will always have debit balance. For example, suppose we have purchased machinery for our business. So, that machinery leisure will always source its balance as debit balance because it is an asset. Then in case of a liability account it will show credit balance. For example, bank loan. So, that is a liability and it will show credit balance. Then for revenue account it generally shows credit balance. For example, sales leisure of sales account. Sales will always show credit balance. Then expense account will always show debit balance. For example, purchase account. Purchase account will generally shows debit balance. So, these are according to the nature we can detect the what type of leisure balance it will have. So, let us sum up the session. In this session we have discussed the meaning of leisure balancing. Then the procedure of leisure balancing and in the procedure we have seen how to balance means how to detect from the heavier amount the leisure amount and the resultant figure is balance CD. So, that is the closing balance and we transfer it to the ah next day on the opposite side and it is known as opening balance. And we have also discussed that accounts with no balance means there is nothing to detect from debit side or credit side or from credit side to debit side. Then there may be some accounts with debit balance means the opening balance the balance biddy will be on the debit side. Then there will be some credit account means credit balance. So, those account will shows the balance biddy opening balance on the credit side. Then we have also discussed some accounts which generally shows a particular balance like the asset account shows debit balance. We have given the example of machinery it may be anything furniture it may be building it may be land etcetera. Similarly, the liability account will always shows credit balance and so on. So, this is all about the session and in this session we have covered the balancing aspect of leisure. Thank you. Thank you very much.


There was a very famous Baseball American baseball General manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers. I was a fan of the Brooklyn Dodgers when I was a little boy That was Branch Rickey He was a wizard And he said luck is the residue of design. I Think he was right. Sure. You're lucky. Some people are lucky. Some people are not lucky. Why are some people lucky? I Think it's because they've been thinking about this a lot, you know, it's Luck does appear on its own volition. I know from time to time, but a lot of luck is this is the consequence of putting a lot of mental observational Evidence all together and this all of a sudden it happens. It works Yeah, there's luck.  Sure


And your religion is emerging. We're in the middle of a massive religious revolution. It's a massive religious revolution. Bigger than anything in human history because it's everywhere. It's a hyper, super, post-modern religion. And we are in the middle of the birth of this religion. We are creating a religion that in the Middle Ages would have been called demonic. This is a narcissistic society, where the losers are pushed to have less and less, and the winners take more and more. Without regard for consequences, narcissism is not only a mental healthy soul. It's not only a principle according to which we organize society. It's not only a principle which can explain to us many things that are happening around us, in our relationships, in our politics and so on. It's not only these things. But it's a new religion, similar to Islam or to Christianity or to Judaism or to Buddhism. It's a new religion. For some time I've been drawn to want to know more about narcissism. So I decided that I would reach out to the world's foremost leading expert on this, the grandfather of narcissistic research, Professor Sam Vaknin. I went into this thinking that I was going to learn more about a mental health issue. But what I soon, soon began to realize was that this is bigger than that. This is so much bigger than that. This is, to use Sam's word, narcissism is more than just a mental health issue or a personality disorder. It's an organizing principle of our culture and our society. It's a primal drive. It pervades parenting, education, media, social media, politics, governments, all of it. Hello and welcome back to WA Real. I'm your host, Bryn Edwards. Today I have the great pleasure of talking to Professor Sam Vaknin. Sam, welcome to the show. Thank you. Pleasure to be here. What is narcissism? What are some of the mechanics and dynamics around it? First, I first noticed that in the Greek myth of narcissism, who was a youth in Greece, who was condemned, he was cursed to fall in love with his own reflection. There was a goddess who cursed him to fall in love with his own reflection. First of all, it's a curse. It's not a blessing. It's a curse. It's a hindrance. It's a disability. It's a problem. It's an illness. There's no positive word that can be associated with narcissism. It is not, like many narcissists say, an evolutionary advantage, a positive adaptation. It is not like many current scholars suggest a high functioning, a high functioning adaptation to modern civilization and modern society. It's rather the other way around. Individual narcissists have created civilization and society in their own image and rendered it equally dysfunctional, not the other way. So of course, within a dysfunctional society, dysfunction pays. It paid to be a psychopath in Nazi Germany. It was an adaptive strategy. The second thing in the Greek myth, the guy falls in love with his own reflection. It's a very important distinction. He does not fall in love with himself. Narcissism is not self-love. Narcissism is the love of your own reflection via the medium and the agency of other people. And here's the problem. Because you want your reflection to be perfect and brilliant and omnipotent and omniscient and godlike and et cetera, et cetera. You force people. You coerce them. You threaten them. You blackmail them. You manipulate them into providing you with exactly this reflection. The third element in the myth is the youth. Narcissism, pathological narcissism, is a reaction to early childhood abuse and trauma. Now there are many scholars nowadays who dispute this. They would say it's not true. We can find what we did find in clinical settings. Many people diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder who had not gone through, who had not experienced childhood abuse. The problem is with the scholars, not with narcissism. Scholars have a problem because they define abuse too narrowly. They take into account only classical forms of abuse, like physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological and verbal abuse, et cetera. Now these forms of abuse, of course, exist. They're egregious. They're horrible. They should be eradicated and countered and everything, all the slogans. But they are actually a tiny minority of the abuse experienced by children. Children much more often are subjected to the second type of abuse, which had been identified by Karen Hormay in the 40s. And that is when the child is put on a pedestal, idolized, idolized, spoiled, pampered. And so the child's boundaries are breached. They're breached and he's not allowed to separate from the parent. He's not allowed to individuate, become an individual. These are also forms of abuse. And many narcissists, most narcissists actually, go through this route. As children, they can do no wrong. As children, they are not disciplined. As children, they are not exposed to reality. As children, they are not able to evolve and grow and develop psychologically and especially they are not allowed to become autonomous, separate from the parent, individuals. Because the parent is in himself or herself immature and narcissistic, and she wants to merge and fuse with the child forever. She wants to render the child an extension of herself or an elemental construct within her own psyche. So it's intergenerational immaturity propagated via abuse that masquerades as love and caring. That's the most pernicious form. Because as I listened to you there, what are some of the modern features of modern parenting? You can be everything. You can do it all. Put you on a pedestal.  Is that all part of this wider definition of abuse that you're talking about? Not only modern parenting, but the modern education system, especially in some countries in the West, I'm alluding to the United States mainly, have taken this form of abuse and reified it and elevated it and rendered it a principle of action and organizing principle and a hermeneutic principle, principle that imbues life with meaning. So today it's not uncommon for a teacher to tell the children you're all special and if you only put your mind to it, there's nothing you cannot do, magical thinking. Pathological elements in narcissism and pathological elements generally have become the curriculum, the syllabus and the agenda of the modern family and modern education system. Now if you ask me, which you don't, but I'm gonna ask anyhow, if you ask me why, I think in the case of parents, modern parents, there's a lot of shame and guilt because modern parents feel guilty and ashamed. Take, for example, divorced parents. There's an intolerable load of shame and guilt for having disrupted the family unit and family environment. They're trying to overcompensate for this. Even parents who are still together, monogamy nowadays is under enormous stress, enormous stress or stresses in multiple. And so there's virtually no functional relationship left. All relationships are subject to friction and dysfunction and so on. So children feel this, parents know that children feel this and they're trying to overcompensate. The whole thing is overcompensation. Narcissism starts as a private religion and then every narcissist is a one-man religion, a one-man cult. When we have a society full with narcissists, we have a society full with gods, we have a society full with worshipers, we have multiple cults, but what is narcissism? The child creates a separate entity, the false self. The false self is everything the child is not. The false self is omnipotent or powerful. The false self is omniscient, knows everything. The false self is perfect and brilliant. But when we have an entity that knows everything, has all the power in the world and is perfect, what is the name of this entity? It's a god. This is god. God is omnipotent. God is omniscient. God is perfect. The child creates a god. The false self is a god. It's a religion. It's a religion with one god, the false self, and one worshipper, one adherent, the child. So the child forms a religion, creates a private religion where there is a god called the false self, but it's an extremely malicious toxic and dangerous religion. Never before has there been anything remotely similar to this religion, because it has a few features that no other religion ever had. Some non-monotheistic religion with as many gods as there are adherents, as there are worshippers. It's not a religion with a central figure, which we all worship, but it's a religion where the worship is distributed, the gods are distributed, everything is distributed. It's a modern religion. It's the first modern religion, because in today's world the ruling metaphor, the ruling organizational principle is the principle of the network. And your religion, of course, would be a religion that uses the dominant metaphor. It would be a network religion, and there's only one type of religion that is distributed and networked, narcissism. And so it's a new religion. Now the education system caters to the rising tide of narcissism in society, societal, collective narcissism. Education system simply, especially the education system in the West, where it's utterly commercialized and privatized. Even public education systems in the West are essentially commercialized and privatized. So they respond to the wishes and the needs of the client, very similar to social media. Yeah. Everything adapts to the collective mindset, and there is no question that our civilization, and especially the younger elements in our population, are much more narcissistic than, then let's say in the 1980s, five times more actually. Narcissism is the defining psychological moment in the individual and in the collective nowadays. So obviously education system adapted to it. So did politics. So did technology. So did technology. So did showcases. Is narcissism become more prevalent because we've started to, because you created the lexicon and we can now look for it, you know, with a much more clarity? Or is it a function or is it a symptom of a slightly, well, not slightly a dysfunctional world community that we start to live in now? Unfortunately, I cannot take credit or debit for what's happening today. The studies are unequivocal. There is an inherent integral innate rise in narcissism, especially among the younger generations. Today, adolescence is defined 15 to 25. In this age group, there is an explosion of narcissism. There is an equal explosion of narcissism above the age of 65 in the population group, above the age of 65. An explosion of narcissism entitlement and commensurate behavior, for example, infidelity. And there is, the baby boomers are an interesting case, because I think with the baby boomers, narcissism was there. But now the fact that we are more sensitive to it renders them more visible with narcissism. And narcissism is really rising among the very young and the very old these two population groups. There is an interesting fact here. These are exactly the two groups where social media prevailed. These are the two groups that provide the growth, the engine of growth in social media, up to 25 and over 65. And in these two, narcissism is absolutely supernova. There's no other way to describe it, like five times higher among college students in the United States. Social media is the world for digital natives. There is no other world outside it. There is no reality outside it. They live inside social media. This is their, and this reminds me of the question you asked me about simulation. These are simulated people. They live inside the simulation. They are in the matrix already. They don't expect the experiences of real people who are living real lives, but they don't. They are living in a matrix. Social media is their reality. Beats and bites are there, instead of atoms, come instead of atoms. Their families are peers. And these peers are not real. They never see them or rarely see them face to face. They interact with digital renditions of other people, of objects, of places, of events. These are all digital. And in this sense, they are denizens of the matrix.  And if I post something about seeing a band I like, or a scenic view, I get half the likes. And it encourages you to post more self-obsessed things, like focus on your personal appearance rather than what you're interested in, and parts of your personality. So in a way, it can diminish your personality because you're just more focused on what you look like. I think narcissism is so common nowadays. We're being rewarded for it. Selfies today constitute 60% of all activity on social network. We don't have statistics for the beginning, but I remember the beginning. And I remember when social networks started. It was never about selfies. I don't remember selfies. Selfie became very prominent in 2015-14, and today it is six out of every ten posts. In other words, six out of every ten times we interact with ourselves. We watch ourselves, we shoot ourselves. Look, I'm looking at me, you look at me, me. So we have a situation of making love to ourselves, literally making love to ourselves psychologically, falling in love with ourselves. If you take photos of yourself all the time, you must be in love, developing emotional investment in ourselves. This is known as catexis. Catexis is emotional investment. We, object relation theory and psychology, told us that we start by being emotionally invested in ourselves, and then we learn to externalize this investment and invest in others. And this is called object relations. We invest in objects, but social media reverses this process, creates regression. Indeed, social media encourages very, very primitive, infantile, baby-like defense mechanisms, such as splitting. You're either my friend or my enemy. You don't like me, you are my enemy. You like me, you're my friend. It's the like, dislike. It's very binary, binary state. I think it's, it's, it's, it's, it's a good point. It potentially is problematic if parents are taking a lot of pictures of their kids, putting them up online, and then saying to their kids, look, you're training children from a very early age that this is where validation comes from. This is where admiration comes from. You made me, your father, happy by getting a lot of likes from here. So we're learning validation by proxy. Validation by proxy is one of the core structural elements in the personality disorder that's called narcissism. So if you're training a child to seek feelings of validation, not directly from you as a parent, but through this by proxy of an audience, which is always faceless, because in psychological terms, we can't really know who a thousand people are. There's just, we don't have the capacity to hold that in. So they're just people. They're just fans. They're just followers. They're blank, faceless followers. They're not humans. So it's dehumanizing everybody in the system. It dehumanizes me as a parent, because I'm now not offering what I should be offering.  You're being loved for the reactions you can get. And it dehumanizes the fans, the followers. They're nothing. They're just their clap machines to give you likes and make you feel good. Is there almost a level in these behaviors that is healthy and helps us to function? Or is it just, as you said earlier on, a curse, a curse set of behaviors, curse set of beliefs, curse set of personality? Do you understand what I'm asking? Well, narcissism, like everything else in life, is a spectrum, of course. Now the fathers of psychoanalysis, psychoanalytic psychology and psychodynamic theories and object relations theories, this gigantic group of schools of psychology. The fathers of all these suggested that we all have healthy narcissism, that there is a phase of narcissism in infancy. It's called primary narcissism that is indispensable for personal growth and personal development.  For the baby, for the toddler to let go of mommy and explore the world, the baby needs to be grandiose. The baby needs to assess risk incorrectly. The baby needs to feel immune to the consequences of his actions. The baby needs to be impulsive, defiant. In other words, the baby needs to be not only a narcissist, but I would say a psychopathic narcissist. The first act of separation and the individuation where the baby, when the toddler leaves mommy's leg and ventures out two meters and then runs back in panic.  Never mind how often he travels later. These two meters are the longest because they are the unknown. They are the terra incognita. They are the monster.  You need to feel godlike. Yes. So this is an example of our healthy narcissism helps us to explore the world. So even object relation schools, they clearly say that healthy narcissism is a prerequisite. Relating to other people is impossible if we didn't first relate to ourselves or as we put it colloquially, you can't love others if you don't love yourself. You first have to love yourself in order to love others. You first have to relate to yourself as an object. If you want to relate to others as an object, because you are the laboratory. You are conducting all the dangerous experiments on yourself. What will happen if I love? Will I get hurt? Is it painful? Can I do it? To what extent can I do it? What are my boundaries with myself? So in the initial stage of personal development, there is this state of mind, which is very much equivalent to multiple personality, where you are your own object of desire, your own erotic object, to use Freudian parlance, your libido, your life force is directed at yourself. And only then when you feel safe, when you discover that everything is okay, nothing really, really bad happened. Only then do you dare venture out and direct some of this energy at others. Of course, there are schools that say that narcissism in any shape or form is pathological. I strongly disagree. I think there would be no self-confidence, no self-esteem, no regulation of sense of self-worth, no emotional regulation and no mood regulation without narcissism. In general, internal regulation or regulation of the internal space environment critically depends on healthy narcissism. And then what happens is if your narcissism remains infantile, if it remains that narcissism of the six months old, if it remains that narcissism of the two years old, then you're in trouble, then you're a pathological narcissism. Healthy narcissism grows and matures with the adult and becomes what Freud called secondary narcissism. Because adult narcissism has nothing whatsoever to do with infantile narcissism. You might as well call it some other name, self-love maybe. It's a totally different phenomenon. So it's the infantile narcissism? Yes. It turns into the curse. Yes, that's the curse. The longer you live with the narcissism, the longer you collaborate with the narcissism. The longer you love the narcissism, the more narcissistic you become. That's the reason. It's an infectious disease. It's a pathogen. It's body snatching. It's like a body snatching process. And you feel that one, before you have met the narcissists, you had very clear, strict boundaries. When you've lived with the narcissists for a while, you begin to dissolve. Your boundaries begin to be very fuzzy. And you begin to dissolve, like diluting something in a liquid. Like ink in a liquid. You feel like this ink drop in a liquid. You feel that you are and so the contagion effect is a major problem because it not only alters your behavior and your reactance. We react, but it alters your identity. We do. Or at the very least, your self-perception of your identity. It's disorienting and dislocating to the point of depersonalization, derealization and dissociation. When we no longer know who we are and we feel our identity is threatened, we do three things. We depersonalize. We suddenly feel that we are not we. It's like astral. We feel that we are disconnect from ourselves. We derealize. We feel that our reality is a kind of nightmare. It's not real. We feel like we are in some horror movie. And the third reaction, which is by far the most common, is dissociation. Forgetting it. Lapses in memory. Deleting traumas. Deleting things. Suppressing. So the contagion effect also has an effect on memory, continuity, identity. It's a major effect. It's not like, okay, if I live in the lastest, I start to lie. It's bad enough. That's not the issue. This is a small issue. If I live in the lastest, I start to not be. Or that's much more serious problem. Our relationships are relationships that are by definition dysfunctional. Because we lost the capacity to see each other and to be seen. It looks pretty hopeless. And here is the said irony and the frightening reality. There is only one way to survive in such a world. The young intuitively understand that the only way to survive such a toxic concentration camp of an environment is by being a narcissist. So there they come, a narcissist. You can't live in an environment of death without dying yourself. We breathe in death. We eat death. We have sex in a dead way. We are dead. We are a zombie society. We have nothing to live for. Pain, narcissism. These are the tools that are the only things that are left somehow. What is religion? Religion is virtual reality. It's a space.  You migrate into this space. And you live in that space. You interact with God. Your behavior is dictated and directed by this virtual sphere. Religion was the precursor of cyberspace. And that is exactly the enormous force of cyberspace. Cyberspace is a new secular religion. And it is coupled with yet another religion known as narcissism. Narcissism is a true religion. To understand why narcissism is the new religion which will overtake by storm Christianity, Islam, Judaism and Buddhism combined. This will be by far the prevalent religion in 50 years. The religion. And it will be a religion. Cyberspace is a religious space. Similar to, for example, the religious space in the minds of people in the Middle Ages. People in the Middle Ages believed that their earthly existence, their existence of earth, their corporeal existence, their physical existence is meaningless. They believed the important life starts in the afterlife. They placed emphasis on the afterlife. So all people in the Middle Ages in Christianity, and not only in Christianity, all people in the Middle Ages, they did not inhabit reality. They inhabited virtual reality. They didn't call it Facebook. They called it heaven. They didn't call it Zuckerberg. They called it God. Both of them were Jewish. So it's okay. They, I mean, they, but it was virtual reality. It was cyberspace. And they all waited, bided, bided their time on earth to get to the real game. And the real game was the afterlife. That's where the action was. You were sentenced to spend 40 years here in this shithole. But the real thing started after you died. You had died. And that's why they invested in ordinate efforts here on earth to secure their place in the religious cyberspace of heaven and heaven. Indulgences, the concept of sin, building cathedrals over hundreds of years, over centuries. These were projects intended to secure the foundations, if you wish, the technological foundations of afterlife. The cyberspace of that time was called afterlife. So cyberspace of today, virtual reality of the day, is what afterlife used to be in the Middle Ages. But narcissism is the equivalent of Christianity. It's a new religion, absolutely. What is narcissism? The child invents a private religion. He invents God. He discovers God. The false self, this imaginary friend that protects the child, is God. The main function of God was always to protect humanity. People invented God to protect them.  They invented God as does the child. The child invents the false self as God. And then it's a private religion with one worshipper and one God. The God is the false self. The worshipper is the child. As the narcissist grows, his religion, his private religion, becomes missionary. He's trying to recruit you to his religion. He's trying to force you to tell him that his false self is not false, that it's real. In other words, he's trying to convert you like the missionaries did in Africa. He's trying to convert you to a believer in his false self.  Yes, you are handsome. Yes, you are brilliant. Yes, you are perfect. Your false self is not false. It's a true God. It's a God of life. It gives you accurate information about yourself and about the environment. It's a survival tool and mechanism. Believe in it. Worship it. In the initial stages of Nazism, in the initial stages of Nazism, there's also human sacrifice. So already you're seeing the elements of religion. You're seeing a God-like entity. You're seeing missionary activity. These are all hallmarks of religion. And now I'll come to the next one, human sacrifice. At the initial stage when the child invents the private religion and his new God, he makes a human sacrifice. But it's a child. He has no access to any other person except himself. So that's the human sacrifice he's offering. He sacrifices himself, the child, this new God. And he sacrifices what we call the true self. That's why the Nazism has no true self. He has no true self because early on he had sacrificed it to this new God, to this new insatiable, voracious God. And he's left empty, nonexistence. Nazism is not a disease of too much existence. Nazism is a disease of absence. On the social level, as more of us become narcissistic via technological means, otherwise education system, dead parenting. As more of us become narcissistic, more of us have private religions. More of us have false gods, false selves. More of us make human sacrifices. More of us try to convert each other. Nazism is a post-modern religion because it's distributed. It's a network religion. It's a religion with multiple gods, multiple worshipers, multiple temples, multiple shrines, multiple human sacrifices, where every god is someone else's worshiper and every worshiper is someone else's god. It's a network concept. That's because that's the metaphor. That's the metaphor we live in today. We borrowed the technological metaphor into our religion. And if you look at other religions, Islam, Christianity, Judaism, they all borrowed, they all borrowed the prevailing technological metaphor of the day. If you read the Bible, I mean the Old Testament, it's full of references to cutting edge technology of the period. Plowshares, agricultural technology is all over the book. God compares himself very often to a farmer. Worshipers of God compare themselves to plants, to seeds, to the prevailing, the dominant metaphor of Judaism is an agricultural metaphor. The dominant metaphor of Islam is the technology or technologies that facilitated nomad existence in the desert. Technology is another name for religion. Simple.


A number of different UN agencies are responsible for organising the WISIS event, but one of them is responsible for coordinating it, and that is the ITU, the International Telecommunication Union. And we have one of the key members of the team behind the organisation, Yaroslav Ponda, who is a strategy and policy advisor at the ITU. Well, Yaroslav, thanks for sharing a bit of time with us. It's a very busy week for you and we've just seen the prizes, which is one of the key parts of this week. But let's talk a bit about how you've organised the event. We know that there's the forum event and that there's also the high level event. Why did you decide to structure it in that way? The WSIS Plus 10 high level event is the extended version of the forum. What does it mean in the real terms? The high level event is about the implementation. It's about the real action on the grant and about the generation of the real impact coordinated at the international level with the bottom up approach of the requirements and the needs expressed by those who are working on the grant making the real change. And this is the reason why 10 years after the WSIS World Summit on the Information Society, many countries expressed their interest in reviewing the process and making sure that we have the clear vision going beyond 2015 on the implementation, on this where we can do real change on the grant and make sure that the ICTs are accessible, affordable and to everyone on this globe. This is the reason why during this high level event, which welcomes more than 1,600 high level representatives from more than 150 countries, including a lot of ministers, this event is structured in the two parts. One, the high level track, which mainly will be considering the policy statements and by its end will endorse the powerful vision for the implementation of the WSIS outcomes beyond 2015. And this is something that will make the change due to the fact that this what counts in this world is the real impact for those who still are out of the reach of the ICTs. And this is something what this global community would like to change and this participation and the fact that so many countries in fact contributed to the process not only with the content but also financially saying we want to make it happen because we believe that there is a lot of challenges which are remaining beyond 2015 which require international agreement on these issues. And how different this process is from the other UN processes. The WSIS initially from its beginning is following multi-stakeholder approach. And that's why once we are discussing with the stakeholders about how to review this process, it was essential for everybody that we are constructing a very robust bottom-up approach where the all needs are expressed through the online submissions, remote participation and that everybody, whoever wants to make the point what are the real needs can do this without any expenses on their side. And we succeeded in doing this. We have the very strong, powerful two documents, one statement on the implementation of the WSIS outcomes, what we reached and achieved so far. And the second document which will become the new reference point for the future for those who are working on the ground saying what would be the merging trends which were not taking into account once we are working in 2005 on the outcome documents. So we can see this as the sort of the guidance for the future.


Hello friends, welcome to the session. I am Malka. We are going to discuss matrices. We are given that for what values of x matrix one to one into matrix one to zero two zero one one zero two into matrix zero two x equal to Zero. Now, let's start with the solution. We are given Matrix one to one into matrix one two zero two zero one one zero two into matrix zero two x equal to zero. This implies One into one plus two into two plus one into one Then one into two plus two into zero plus two into zero Then one into zero plus one into one plus One into two Matrix multiplied by matrix zero two x equal to zero This implies One plus four plus one Two plus zero plus zero zero plus two plus two Matrix multiplied by matrix zero two x equal to zero This implies Six two four matrix multiplied by the matrix zero two Equal to zero This implies Six into zero plus two into two Plus four into x matrix equal to zero Now this implies Zero plus four plus four x equal to zero This implies Four x equal to minus four This implies x equal to minus four by four therefore x equal to minus one Hence x equal to minus one is the answer. Hope you understood the solution and enjoyed the session. Goodbye and take care


Okay, we are now live streaming as a backup. I'm going to resume the recording just because, and we'll give it to Faye and a few other folks a chance to join us. I am in another Zoom room just in case somebody uses the old link. So we've got that going. Awesome, thank you for doing that. No worries, no worries. And Tim, just so you know, once we kick it off, I'll trim out the first four, three or four minutes of the recording so we don't have dead air and no one has to listen to my voice talking about turning on YouTube and stuff. So... Sounds good, appreciate that. It is being streamed to the Hyperledger YouTube account. It'll be available. It's available right now, but it's also will be available under the Identity Steam Playlist that we have. All right, perfect. Tim, you got it. I'm just going to mute and keep an eye on the other room. Sounds good. Well, yeah, it is at 8.05, so we'll go ahead and get started here today. Welcome everyone. This is the Identity Special Interest Group at Hyperledger. And today we have a pretty exciting presentation from Stephane, for you. Stephane, did I pronounce your name correctly there? Not quite, well, that's my first name, but it's Stephane and my last name is Mui M-O-U-Y. But don't worry. All right, awesome. Yeah, he's here to share with us a little bit about E-I-D-A-S 2 and the European Wallet Initiative. And yeah, and before that, we have a quick summary of some other working group statuses. So I'm going to go ahead and share my screen so we can do a quick rundown of what everyone's been up to. Can I just confirm that you guys can see my screen? Looking good, Tim. Awesome, thank you. So to start us off, we have just a few announcements. We have some upcoming speakers on July 27th and August 10th. So come back if these presentations look interesting to you. There's also a couple of papers open for, yeah, the spring or open looks like. And then we have a meeting on running Hyperledger areas in the browser with non-creds on July 18th. So I believe you can just sign up and join right here at this link. Getting into some working group updates, we have the Hyperledger Indie Contributors Working Group met on the fourth. Was anyone able to attend this meeting? It would like to give us a quick summary. Looks like they just held their Indie Summit and they were doing a quick recap on how all that went. The Aries Working Group met on the 12th. Was anyone able to attend this session? All right, yeah, it looks like they were looking at some did peer and community coordinated updates there. And if you'd like more information, all of these links will take you to their most recent activity. The Aries By Fold Group met on the fourth. Was anyone able to attend this session? All right, well, yeah, that looks like they were just doing some By Fold updates. Aries Cloud Agent Python met on the 11th. Are there any updates from anyone who attended this meeting? Okay, it looks like they're working on some did peer stuff and move on from there. Aries Framework JavaScript met on the sixth. Was anyone able to attend this session? Tim, this is Sean. I was not able to attend the session, but on Tuesday we had a pretty great workshop with Ariel, Karim, and Baron from the Aries Framework JavaScript team showing off 0.4.0, the new release, as well as how to use credentials with Aries Framework JavaScript, how it fits into the overall ecosystem. That is also on YouTube. If anyone would like to watch it, I did a really great job of sharing some of the hard work that's gotten into that community recently. And I was unable to mute fast enough, but Acapai was recently mentioned there's an organization called Lisi, which has announced the release of its wallet that uses Acapai, uses an on creds, and I believe they're using Indy through ID Union. And so that came out recently and we're reaching out to them to do a blog post to share some of their experience. Sorry. All right, no, very cool. Thank you for sharing. So awesome. I think that covers Aries stuff. No, that's not recent last meeting. I do realize it's summer and not everyone is meeting super regularly as they used to. I think we've covered those. All right, I think that at least according to my list which includes any updates unless anyone else has anything they'd like to share. So I'm gonna go ahead and hand the floor off to Stifine. Is that closer? I'm sorry, I'm... Yeah, yeah, yeah, that's fine. Thank you. Okay, I'll share my screen. Which one is this? I think this is it. Okay, now can you see my screen as well? Looks good. You're looking good. Okay. Well, good morning. First, I'm not sure I know anyone here. In fact, I've been interacting with VIPIN for two years. In fact, we used to be colleagues a long time ago. Anyway, and VIPIN has invited me to talk to about the regulatory initiatives especially the one concerning digital identity. Although I have to say I've always been quite explicit to VIPIN in that I know he's very focused on DLT and blockchain and I said to him repeatedly, well, it's very interesting but you're gonna be disappointed because when it comes to digital identity there is only an dimension of DLT or blockchain. So the way he said, well, never mind. It's still interesting to know what's happening. So, okay. Anyway, so as you can see from the, well, from the copper page of the cover slide I'm going to talk a little bit about digital identities in the European regulatory environment and it's certainly a major work undergoing with the revision of the so-called EIDAS regulation. So we are up to today, we're still living with the EIDAS 1 regulation, the one that it was enacted in 2014. And there's a lot of work going on trying to define a new architecture for digital identity schemes, which is called EIDAS 2. And at the core of that project is the digital identity wallet. So let's see a little bit what's happening here. So yes, as often in Europe it's, as soon as that's something happening there is a new regulatory initiative. So you can't really say that the European commission is not active in that field. It is, everybody's talking about digital identity and there's a lot of movement and a lot of change being implemented. So the main effort is the revised EIDAS regulation. As mentioned earlier, we're still living with EIDAS 1 voted in 2014, came into effect in 2016 and even in 2018 for digital identity schemes. It's a fairly imperfect construction. It's based on two pillars. One is the mutual recognition of digital identity scheme and one is the regulation for so-called trust services. I'll come to that later, but trust services are primarily electronic signature and the like. It's been very positive on the electronic trust services side but very disappointing on the digital identity side. And because of that disappointment, there's been a new proposal that has been announced nearly two years ago, in fact, over two years ago, which is expected to reach the legislative process in the coming weeks, the school EIDAS 2. It's not the only piece of regulation that is making reference to digital identities. I don't know if you've seen, there's been literally last, in the last few days, there's been a digital year draft proposal, which was presented again much to VPNs regret, a very little mention of DLT, but I think there's a good reason for that. It's primarily related to the fact that offline connectivity is a requirement and reconciling offline connectivity with DLT is a little bit of a challenge, maybe have a different view on that. And also there's a complete revamp of the European anti-money laundering architecture. With uniform, know your client rules, and these are centered around digital identities for remote ID perfings. So it all fits together in a way, but there's no, again, there's no direct reference to DLT in EIDAS 2, nor in EIDAS 1, of course. There is no explicit reason for that. It's not mentioned in the explaining three-moment memorandum prepared for the regulation, but I would say that it's not completely surprising in a European context because I think you have to understand that in Europe, digital identity is viewed as the domain reservé, the preserve of member states and governments. I have in Europe, at least, I'm not taking that positive view about DLT. However, there was initially a reference on the electronic trust services side to electronic leisure services, which was sort of indirect way to recognize DLT services. That was presented by the European Commission in the initial draft of the EIDAS 2 regulation, but it's been removed by, it was maintained by the European Council document, but it has been removed by the European Parliament. Now, that may seem like convoluted discussion. What you have to understand is, I think, is that currently the EIDAS draft is nearing its final, well, the EIDAS 2 legislative process is nearing its conclusion, there's been a vote been presented by the European Commission, been voted by the European Council, which is the body representing the European governments, and it's also been voted by the European Parliament, but not exactly in the certain terms. So there is now a sort of reconciling effort to come up with a definitive final version that will apparently deal has been done literally last week. We'll see what happens. So EIDAS 1, as you can see, it's a fairly modest construction and it's really two houses in their same roof. So you have the electronic trust services side, which is basically private sector, common standard and certification processes. So you're talking about the electronic trust services, e-signatures, electronic sales, electronic stamps, registered messages, electronic web authentications, common rules, technical specification, usually they're prepared by the European Etsy, which is the European Standards Specification Agency. They are offered by the private sector. So every company who wants to become a trust service provider can apply. It just has to be certified with a common framework. And once it is certified, it can offer trust services throughout the European Union without discrimination. They have to be accepted on the same basis. On the EID side, you're really talking about a completely different construction. You're really talking about an inter-governmental recognition of digital identity schemes that have been notified by member states to the European Commission. So it's a voluntary framework. It has a very public sector focus. That's one of the reasons why it hasn't been successful actually. For example, when it was presented, one of the use cases that was promoted was the Finnish student controlling in a Spanish university. And instead of doing all the paperwork by paper and by mail, he would do that electronically at Spine. But how often do you have to do this? I mean, in your life, I mean maybe twice, once, twice, but not more than that usually. So it's not really worth. Anyway, it's not like paying electronically or anything that comes as a daily occurrence. Another problem was that there are very few on the EID side, there are very few common technical specifications. So member states have considerable freedom to implement digital identity schemes, which led to interoperability issues. So they're not exactly the same. They can't correspond. They do not fit quite well one with another. It's not that easy to make them work together. So interoperability issues. And on top of that, it's based on an IT protocol that is now looked quite dated. So and does not integrate mobile device usage. So quite successful on the ITRA services side, very disappointing on the EID side. But in spite of that, it still remains a landmark regulation for digital identity. I think the main reason is that it's the first, and if I'm not mistaken, it's still the only set of rule organizing the cross-border recognition of digital identity. I don't think anywhere in the world you have anywhere a framework that says, you know, digital identity coming from that country is are going to be recognized with the same value with same effect in other countries. And it also enshrines the LLA, the level of assurance concept for digital identity. It's not, of course, it's not a unique European concept, but it's, you know, it was quite significant. And certainly, it's quite structural as an element. I had a slide for the pin, but unfortunately, it's not here because as mentioned earlier, I made a couple of presentation last year, one last year and one two years ago on the very same topic. So I was wondering if the pin was going to think that, you know, it was a repeat of what I had to say at the time. And basically, I suspect none of you have were present as the, you know, when we made a presentation in 2021-2022. But anyway, what's the latest news? So the latest news, oops, sorry. Well, first of all, before we get into this, maybe we should have word of caution for non-Europeans. I guess that's the vast majority of the audience today. One is EIDAS2 is a very ambitious project. There is no question that this is certainly a piece of regulation where you cannot say that the European Commission has lacked ambition. So it's aiming for the highest level of assurance, the highest level of privacy, the greatest diversity of use cases. So reconciling these requirements is guaranteed to be challenging and difficult. We can see that already. And one of the problem that is facing the team leading the effort is that, you know, technical specifications are not that easy to find in order to cover such a broad spectrum of use cases. Some are only draft forms, some are not fully stable. So it's, you know, it's a difficult decision. The second aspect you have to bear in mind, which is that it's a regulatory initiative and it has very obvious, very clear, very powerful, in fact, political backing. It's seen rightly wrongly as the most tangible initiative for European citizens in the digital area. And it's, you know, it's heavily supported by the, I would say the heads of the European Commission, but also the European Council representing governments. And it's a public, you have to understand that it is a public initiative in many ways. The Member Space will notify the Digital Identity Wallet, they have discretion in defining who will, you know, who would be allowed to present a Digital Identity Wallet and they are legally responsible for that process. So they call the shop still. It's taking a lot of time, it's already been two years in the making and I think you really are, we're still, I think, not even sure with midway. I would consider a five year horizon. So basically, we still have three years to go. It's not completely, it's not completely surprising given that, you know, this is an effort that is effectively involving 30 different countries. And that means that, you know, success is, by no means guaranteed, but likewise, on the other hand, complete failure is then likely.  That's still very indecided. There are many factors that have to be worked out. It's pretty still, the jury is still out. There are a lot of things that need to be decided still. On the EIS ecosystem, well, hold on. Maybe I should have been here. So where are we now? Basically, the first project was presented in 2021. That's when I made the first presentation to the Pittsburgh. Then there was an EIS expert group set up in October of that year. There was a first version of the architecture and reference framework document presented in 2022. And then, you know, the elicited process was initiated, first considered by the parliament in October 21. Four large-scale pilots launched in December of last year, while a design consortium selected. Draft regulation approved by the European Council in December of last year, approved by the European Parliament in March. And now there's the so-called Trilog process aiming to reconcile the EU Council and the EU Parliament's position initiated in April. Why is it called a Trilog and not a dialogue because the European Commission is involved as well? So, however, you may have seen last, well, in fact, 10 days ago, there was a political agreement and a statement saying that, in fact, you know, the representatives of the European Council and of the European Parliament had agreed, settled, found a deal, so to speak, on the key terms of the European Digital Identity Framework. I've, you know, put extracts of the EU Commission communique. We'll see, we haven't seen the final draft, but it's very likely to be somewhere between what has been approved by the European Council and what's been approved by the European Parliament. There is, for you guys who are interested in DLT, there is an interesting topic here because the electronic ledger services were struck down by the European Parliament on the basis that, you know, they are not consistent with an environmentally friendly environment. So they were, you know, for that, you know, the green movement in Europe is quite strong. So they've taken a negative year of DLT services and they shut down everything that was even remotely related to DLT in the draft. Whether that will continue, will that position will be appealed in the final draft? We don't know. I mean, that's one of the things to see. Anyway, and once that is done, you know, once you have a regulation, it's not, you know, it's not the end of the process by any means. One of the reasons is that because there are quite a few delegated and implementation acts to prepare. So they are, you know, second-degree regulation, if you wish, that is being mentioned in the EIS regulation, but not the drafted. So that's, you know, that's another regulatory dimension to consider. And on top of that, there are two other aspects. One is the so-called architecture and reference document. This is a document that is defining the technical specifications of the digital identity wallets. If you're interested in that, there's already, well, it's an ongoing document. So, you know, you have, there's an interactive process. There's the first version was published in February last year. The current version is, the current public version is, was probably released in April. And I think the next one should be available within weeks or maybe days, actually. And I'll mention a little bit about this. And on top of that, there's a so-called reference, a reference implementation of the digital identity wallets. So there's a consortium that has been assigned or with the task of building a digital identity wallet that will have to be after that, that will be used by member states when notifying their own solution. And on top of that, you have currently four so-called large scale pilots that are designed to test the real life usage of the digital identity wallets. There are two use cases that have been prioritized to that effect. One is the mobile driving license and the second one is the identification, an authentication for online services. But on top of that, there are other use cases like health, educational credentials, disability diplomas, digital finance, digital travel credentials. So if you look at some of these large scale pilots, they're public at three of the four. I think the fourth is still to be announced, but three of them are known. They have a website, they have already published information about which use case they're considering. There isn't that much information yet, but these are consortium that are gathering firms from companies from different environments. I've been looking for obvious reasons. I've been looking at the financial sector, digital finance use case, and you can see that quite a few banks are involved in the, there's one large scale pilots that is fully dedicated to payments. And there's another one that is dedicated to digital travel credentials, including payments, and they include most of the big names in Europe on that. So you'll learn. We'll see. So where are we now? Yeah, that we've done, that we've done, that I think we've done. Okay. Now, just how familiar are you guys with the digital identity wallet?  I think so. Go ahead, Tim, sorry. Oh, so I was gonna say, I think this group would be at least fairly familiar with the wallet. Okay. Right, so just a quick recap. Well, first of all, there must be creditors that must comply with the common specifications issued, that will appear in the architecture reference document. They have to be issued or approved by member states. So there's, if a member state does not like your solution, even though it may be a very good solution, no, there's no hope, I'm afraid. The must offer a high level of assurance. The must put the users in full control of the wallet. They have to be accepted by for identity proofing by relying parties offering financial and other key services, as well as very large online platforms. So that's an important aspect because it means that all providers of key services will have to accept digital identity wallet, no matter what. They have to accept electronically tested at stations. They will have to be free of charge for users. They must be able to create, to allow the user to sign with the highest level of certainty. So this is the qualified electronic signature. They must allow the user to interact online and offline and the must support strong customer authentication requirements, including for payment that is, incidentally that is a topic that is creating a lot of tension with the banking sector that is the banking industry that is not really happy and that's an understatement about this. And on top of that, they should be able to strengthen privacy. They should be able to lower several identity profile and should be able to support CBDC interactions. So we'll see how far we go in that. Stephanie, can I ask you a question about the last slide? Yeah. In the early days of self-sovereign identity, correlation resistance was a very big deal. It's absolutely something that a lot of organizations looked at as a requirement. Unique identifiers kind of defeat correlation resistance. When you say whenever required, who is the doing the requiring? Is it a bank? Is it a state? Is it any entity on a network could require your unique identifier? I know what you're referring to. There's a reference to the unique identifier in the regulation. I think what it came from, surprisingly, is a request or demand depending on how you say it, from the tax authorities. Because they are saying, well, some people come up with one country with one identity and they're binational. They have another identity from another country and we cannot correlate the two. And this is problematic. Don't ask me why, but this is apparently quite problematic for tax avoidance proof because it facilitates tax avoidance. That is a great answer. Thank you. I wasn't expecting that, Fred. Yeah, so just to, you need to know that, but once you know that, you can understand why it's in there. Now people are saying, and I think a lot of people, including I think you and me, are saying, hey, but a unique identifier is the worst thing that you can think about from a privacy viewpoint because basically it allows anyone to track your interactions and monitor your usage. So of course that's highly, highly problematic. So there's a tension between these two, I would say competing demands, if you wish, or objectives. How that is going to be, that's one of the topic that is still not completely decided we'll see in the final version how it will be taken care of. I think it's likely to remain as a requirement, but not everybody, I think what was likely to happen is that only certain public sector, relying parties will be able to, will be allowed to require the unique identifier. That's what I understand. Understood. Thank you so much for that answer. Okay, right. So at the very core, the ecosystem is pretty simple. You have basically an app provider that publishes the digital identity wallet on the app. It's been, of course, it has to be certified. It has to be, not only has it got to be certified, but it has to be approved by a member state and it has to be notified to the European Commission. So it has to be obviously approved by a state. And once that is done, the wallet user can use the app, can download an identity profile. That identity profile is effectively provided by several PID providers, providers of person identification data. And on top of that, you can also have electronically tested attributes, which are issued by effectively trust service providers. And you can combine the two, of course, and those are used to, and communicated to relying parties in the normal course of action. So what that means is that you have a plethora of possible use cases that can be considered, public sector, private sector, banking, non-banking, health, travel. There's virtually no elements, no aspect of one's life that cannot be considered or cannot be used by the digital identity wallet. We'll see again, we'll see how this is going to work in practice, but the ambition is certainly there. Bear in mind that you have public attributes, private attributes, and you have the ability to sign with the highest level of legal certainty, which is the qualified electronic signature. The combined effect of those should be quite transformational, assuming it works well. I've provided the, what I find is that, authorizing have been focusing a lot on the payment use case. And I do believe that the ability to interact offline is absolutely key. So there's been a fair amount of focus on that. And this is also quite relevant for the digital identity wallet to be used in connection with some bank digital currencies and the digital era in particular. Again, if you're interested at the use case, then you should look at the website of the EWD consortium, the potential consortium or the nobite consortium, the three publicly known consortia dealing with the preparing, working on use cases. Now, on the technology side, the current version of the AI does mention some technology choices that have been made. And what you can see is that those choices reflect the so-called priority use cases. If you remember, one of the priority use cases, the mobile driving license are gathered in the US. You do have Apple has been quite instrumental in deploying mobile driving license on the iPhone. And I think basically what is considered is, it's a repeat of that process. And so, there is a dedicated ISO standard for that, which is the ISO 18.013 slash five. And that is likely to be used for proximity connections. Proximity connections being when the wallet user is let's say physically present with the reliant party and is in fact interacting typically with an NFC protocol or Bluetooth or QR code. However, I'm not totally convinced that it can be developed beyond the mobile driving license use case because I don't know if you're familiar with this, but it's basically transferring to the reliant party the digital photo of the wallet user, which is fine if you're presenting it to a police officer, but not so fine if you're presenting it to someone you really don't know and you can't trust them. So, there's also reference to the W3C verifiable credential data model, but it appears to be given second priority compared to the MDOC ISO 18.0135 specifications. Again, no mention of DLT. You know, I'm part of the, I'm not a technology expert. So I think, but I have, I'm attending the, yeah, that's expert group meetings. I have never heard anyone saying, look, we should mention DLT. So why that is, I don't know. I mean, I, but it's a fact of life. The other thing that is quite clear is that those specifications are not addressing the reliant party authentication. It's basically not addressing the fact that, you know, maybe in digital interaction you should start from a zero trust basis or principle. You should apply zero trust principle and, you know, you should make sure that the reliant party is fully authenticated before you can do anything with it. Okay, on the other hand, could it still early days on the technology side because the AIR is designed to be a work in progress document and it's not, you know, it's quite possible that changes would be made to the choice of specification. Hopefully not major, major change, but you cannot completely, you know, restart from scratch and forget everything you've been working on for months, but there is certainly room for adjustment. So payment, which is my area of specialty. Yeah, maybe before that, firstly, yeah, that's too paradigm is, is really moving from a user controlled to a user controlled identity based system. Maybe SSI, SSI is really the right word. Possibly, maybe yes, maybe not, but what's also clear that payments are key, key parts of most wallet ecosystems in interaction and digital interactions. And there's a renewed impetus for the, even all the work on the digital era. I did mention the fact that, back here, where is this? Oh, no, I'm sorry. Oh, it's here. Okay, yeah, I'll come to that in a minute. But, and, you know, at a wider level, there is a clear recognition that digital interaction that can combine, I would say, core ID attributes, status and professional attributes like diploma, licenses, or eligibility credentials can open, you know, new and payment attributes can open a new way to be quite transformational for customer interaction and customer experience. So we'll see how far it goes. On the payment use case, I was saying that very recent digital year draft proposal makes quite a few references to digital identity wallet for CBDC interactions. You know, I've copied a few of the mentions of the digital identity wallet in the recital and substantive provisions. Again, you know, it's clearly is recognized for, you know, the digital identity wallet will clearly be recognized for interactions on digital years. We'll see, again, it's still early days, but, you know, we'll see how things will turn out. But the, I would say, certainly the digital identity wallet is on the radar screen of the European sell bank when it comes to the digital year. When you're looking at the payment case, of course, you know, the ability to store and communicate personal identifiable information and electronically tested attributes to rely on quality is very important. You have to be able to use, to comply with strong customer authentication requirement. As you probably know, I don't quite know what the situation is in the US, but in Europe, this is an absolute payment requirement. So, and the fact that the wallet will have to be accepted by all payment service providers, including all banks, as a matter of fact, is important. Anyway, so that's where we are now. Now, the question is whether this is fit for payment purposes so far. Again, there are two payment interactions. You have zero trust by default. So mutual authentication is required simply for four prevention purposes. It's currently not defined in the ARF. I think it will be, but it's probably going to rely on, I would say, S509 certificates, but we'll see how that will work out. Then you need to ensure legal irrevocability of payment instructions. And you need to ensure that, if you have a payer with a wallet and a payee with a wallet, you need to make sure that they're both fully committed legally. And that also implies having an audit trail of the payment messages that can be archived and that can be presented in court proceedings. And as mentioned, you need to have strong user authentication in line with the European regulation on payments. But it's currently not obvious at all that these requirements can be met with a current set of quantitative specifications. This is my private view, of course, but I do think that the ISO 180135 specification is standard, is privacy invasive. I hope you do not disagree with me, but I think the W3C verifiable credential specifications are not designed to deal with mutual commitments. They do not also readily support offline interactions. And the REST API request responses are not tailored to meet audit trail requirements. So these are technical issues. It's work in progress. It's denying if there is a lot of work to be done. We'll see if the ambition, the considerable ambition of the digital identity wallet will translate into meaningful reality. There's a little bit of doubt about that, but we'll see. Anyway, it's not the end of the story. We're not even midway through the process. So we'll see what happens. Any, before I moved to the next, in fact, time is running out. I can see maybe I should stop here. Is there any comments, any suggestion, any questions, or is that all clear? I would say no questions currently. So if you have like a quick summary or anything, I think that would be. Yeah, I think, I mean, I think it's really here. I think that's probably the best. Give you a, that's might give you the best view of, you know, the EIS-2 initiative. Again, a lot of the, basically the next steps, within a few weeks, I think we're going to see the final, final version of the EIS regulation, the one that will reach the value books. We will also see an updated version of the architecture reference document, and that will probably include provision on mutual authentication and give more clarity on the choice of technologies that are going to be used. There is going to be work done, there's work done on the, I would say, prototype implementation of the wallet. And the LSPs will start to get into real motion currently, you know, on the LSP side, the consortia has been informed. They made an offer, they've been accepted, they've negotiated a contract with the European Commission, but they haven't really started work. They need to have the workable prototype wallet to do that. So they're waiting for the reference implementation side and then more clarity on the error side as well. I think that's what we can say. It's an exciting project. It's certainly very ambitious, no doubt. And we'll see what happens. Maybe I have to be given another opportunity to present it in 12 months time. Absolutely, no, I think it's exactly what you said. It's ambitious, but it is exciting. And yeah, if there's more updates in another year, we'd love to have you back. Well, yeah, I think we'll throw it out to questions one more time, but I think if there are still none, we appreciate you coming to talk to us today. Thank you. Can I ask you a question though? I gather the hyper ledger, can you clarify what's the difference between the hyper ledger identity, special interest group and the previous group managed by VP? Is it more or less the same or is it a different one? I'm unfamiliar, unfortunately, with the previous group managed by VP. So I know that we were combined at some point, but I was not part of that conversation, unfortunately. All right, okay. So sorry about that. No problem. All right. Okay, well, listen, all right. If you're interested in the presentation, I'm happy to give you the link to the document so you can take a closer look at it later. No, that would be awesome. I would appreciate that. Okay, perfect. Very good. Well, yeah, that's it for going. Hi guys, I don't know if you can hear me. Yeah. Yeah, okay guys, my name is Jair O'Romo. I'm going to go directly to the question. I was working in the past or I've been working during the last couple of years for trade finance, blockchain, trade finance, one of the initiatives. As you know, trade finance is one of the industries that needs more these days, digitalization, standardization, those type of things. Identity is incredibly important at an individual level, but it's also important at a company level who is buying what, who is sending what and who is responsible of what. There was a couple of initiatives of, there was an initiative to implement a global legal entity or legal entity identifier promoted or supported by the G7 called GLIF. That initiative I was doing some type of analysis around, it was an initiative for to, to create an identifier that every single country from the G7 and now there are more countries we're going to implement to introduce at a global level to do exactly that, to identify, to have a global identifier for companies more than for individuals. Do you know anything about this initiative? Do you know anything about this initiative? Do you know anything about this initiative? I, I've heard of them to be honest, but I'm not, I'm not really involved. I think I should have mentioned earlier that the, I hope it's clear from my presentation though, I should have mentioned earlier that the digital identity wallet is primarily designed to be used by an individual. So not, no, not a legal entity per se. So here the individual can produce electronically tested attributes and these can be, for example, authority to act on behalf of a legal entity that know that. But effectively here, you're really talking about digital identity and service primarily to be used by individuals, maybe in a professional capacity, but primarily for individuals. What you're referring to is a, is a purely an initiative that's been going on for many years in fact, to define a common registration scheme for all legal entities. I've heard of it, I've heard of it repeatedly, but I'm not involved in that effort. I'm not really part of it. It's different. So I really cannot talk meaningfully about it, I'm afraid. Okay, another quick, quick question. Then if we are, oh, this wallet we are talking about, could we prepare in terms of technology, in terms of infrastructure to be able to cover in the future as a second phase or as a next stage for these legal or enterprises identities or identifiers? Yeah, I mean, there's, what I can say is that there's always in the background, you know, let me put it this way, the primary effort is clearly individuals, okay? Now, people are saying, yes, but individuals they act in, they can act on behalf of the legal entity that is seen as effectively an individual in acting in a defined capacity with a defined authorization or authority credential acting to able being able to, for example, to activate a company's account, for example. It's a set of, it's a subset of, it's seen as a subset of use cases that are considered by the EIS to initiate. So that will come. What I think you're unlikely to see though is a wallet that is a pure company wallet that has no individual's name to it, so to speak. Okay, okay, understood. Just to jump in, I think what you're referring to, Mr. Romo is the Gleaf, the global legal entity identity foundation. I posted in the chat, and then the identifier is the legal entity identifier, and then the company credentials will be the virtual legal entity identifier. And I agree with your assessment, Mr. Romo, that the EIS is more toward individuals and the LEI is more toward individuals. It's very clear that EIS is geared towards individuals because in fact, really talking about here, yes, you do have PID providers at the core of the EIS project, you have PID providers who are providing core identity attributes to an individual. And then, so that's the key, quite a fundamental structural building block. On top of that, you can have that individual authorized to act on behalf of the company. There is no question about that, but it's seen as another layer of authority or given to one individual. So it's not purely a tool for legal entities that have no connection with any individual. I mean, that's very clear. Right. Well, assuming that both of them succeed, they'll probably be bridge credentials and all that stuff in the future. Yeah, yeah, yeah, I'm pretty sure that- Because the LEI adopts it. The LEI adopts it. There's companies, and then they have individual work forum, but the credentials are all company-focused. Yeah. Yep, yep. Thanks, guys. Thanks for defining, thanks. Thanks, Ryan. Thank you for your presentation. Thanks, Charles. Okay, well, nice interacting with you guys. I think it's a one-hour talk anyway, so we're done. All right, good. Have a good day.