It's a pleasure to be with you today. You might find it a little bizarre that a human rights activist would come to you and talk about money. But in reality, I think that money is so fundamental to the way our societies work, so fundamental to the way that politics works both at a local, at a national, at a federal level, at an international level. And honestly, the human rights situation of the future is going to depend on the kind of money that we have and the kind of money that we use. My general prediction is that there's going to be three kinds of money in the future. There's going to be fiat money like we have now, government-issued money, government-issued currency. This is going to be increasingly centralized and increasingly digitized and increasingly surveilled. And if we rely too much on fiat money, we will give away all of our privacy and freedoms. And I will talk about this in my presentation as we head to the cashless society. People being born today will not use paper or metal money, and they will lose privacy. And this is something we have to deeply consider. The second kind of money is corporate money. Facebook, obviously, is trying to make its own money. Many companies will start to make their own supranational currency that is not dependent on a government. This is going to happen. It was once just the realm of science fiction authors, but it's happening. The third area of money that I am a promoter of being a human rights activist is open-source money, and that is Bitcoin. So we will get into all three of these areas throughout the presentation. But first, I want to address my concern as a human rights activist is Big Brother. And it's the Big Brother of Orwell's imagination, but it's also the Big Brother that we're seeing being implemented at nation-level systems around the world, even in the world's largest country. So as we think through this presentation, I want you to consider what is Big Brother? How do money and surveillance relate? Your spending habits say more about you than your words. So if I want to spy on you, I want to look at your bank account. I don't necessarily want to look at your social media. Money is such a critical part of your privacy, and your freedom, and your sovereignty, and we should keep it that way. Can we preserve it, though, is the question. And what is ultimately the future of money will very much depend on decisions that people like you make. When we talk about what Orwell imagined, that Big Brother is watching you in, that nothing was your own except a few cubic centimeters inside your head, the sad reality is this is the case in China today, in the world's largest country. This is not some black mirror science fiction episode. This is reality for more than a billion people. And what the Chinese Communist Party is doing is what many other governments are going to do, democratic and authoritarian alike. They're going to try and collect as much information as possible from the citizenry. Whether you live in Estonia or Saudi Arabia, your government is going to try and do this under the auspices of progress and national stability and of creating smart cities. So we need to be aware of what this is going to do to our civil liberties and to our ability to innovate, whether it's as entrepreneurs or as larger organizations that are not dependent on the state. Now, one of the key ways that, at least in the Chinese model, the way the government gathers information about its citizens is through an app called WeChat. WeChat is used by more than a billion people every day. It's unfair to call it an app. It's more like an ecosystem. It's literally everything you might do on your phone, whether it's buying something online, sending messages to your friends, planning your day. All of this can be done on one app. Now, that is amazingly convenient, but consider what you give up with that convenience. You give up some of your privacy and your rights. There is a new kind of social engineering unfolding in China, which is basically called social credit. Now, it's a little bit overblown in the media. It's not maybe quite what you read about, but the intentions of the Communist Party are very clear. Instead of just a credit score like you might have in the United States, where your spending habits and your history of payments and the amount of credit you have gets kind of numeratized into something that then tells the creditors how much trust they should have in you, beyond just your financial activity, your friends, your gender, your religion, your ethnicity, anything you've said against the government goes into something that's actually called a social credit score. And this is being rolled out in different ways all across China today. And young millennials are concerned. There is an awareness about this. So this is one 23-year-old, one young woman said that, she's not really sure if she's living in a future society or a cage. And I think that's kind of the real dilemma that we face in countries like in China. And the social engineering is getting to rather dizzying heights. This is something that's being implemented in a very large city in China that has more than 10 million people. And it's called debt shaming. And basically when you look down at your WeChat on your phone, you see a map of everyone else who's on WeChat.  And the idea is you are supposed to stay away from those people because if you connect with those people in any meaningful way, your score goes down too. So it creates pariahs. So this is how the government is basically able to mix communications and financial surveillance to socially engineer a population and keep them in line. This is their goal. They're also using advanced facial recognition to accomplish this. This image is about a year and a half old. But what this police officer is seeing looks something like this, where every person and every vehicle has a whole amount of information that is being revealed about it. By January in China, every single car, it'll be by law necessary for you to have an RFID chip planted in the windshield of your car. So not just your person and your phone, but your car will be tracked at all times. Now again, there are national security reasons to do something like that. Maybe in a society like the United States, maybe one could argue it's fine. But in a country where people have no civil liberties, it's highly, highly concerning. This system is not limited to China. This is an investigation the New York Times did of basically Chinese surveillance technology being exported around the world. All the countries in red, and it's a little blurry here, but I hope you get the gist. This is South America, North America, Africa. All the countries in red are countries where sovereign governments have purchased this surveillance technology from the Chinese government. The Chinese government is now the world's largest creditor in this way with their Belt and Road campaign. They've given out more than $400 billion of loans and investments and they will continue to do so. Some governments like Zambia, for instance, have even defaulted on their loans and now are basically partially owned by the Chinese government. This is happening, people, and it's gonna continue to happen and we should be aware of what the implications are for our civil liberties. But it's not just the Chinese government's threat to technology and society that we need to be concerned about. Even here in America, even in Europe, we have our own problems with centralized technology. There are other reasons why having everything in one place is generally a bad idea. Of course, I don't need to go into too much detail about the havoc that has been wrought with companies like Facebook using our personal data. And you've heard about other breaches with Equifax and other organizations that have gathered data in one place and then have been hacked or compromised. So generally speaking, we wanna find ways to decentralize data and create a way where people can have more sovereignty and more ownership and not have to trust so much in large institutions that may be compromised or not have them kind of in their best interests. So again, if we think about the mechanism and function of something like a big brother, really the goal is to actually capture your daily microactivity. And as you saw sort of with the China example, kind of steer you in a daily way towards being patriotic so that you wanna be the best citizen possible, right? Well, the less information that governments have on us, the harder it is to socially engineer us. So the question is, can we make communications and payment systems that don't leave a digital footprint behind, right? And this is gonna become increasingly important as we head deeper into the cashless society. I mentioned this before, but just some numbers for you. More than 92% of transactions in today's world are already electronic. So this sort of cashless world is already probably here in many ways, especially if you live in Venezuela or urban China or Sweden. There's many different countries in the world where paper money is essentially a fossil of a different age and I think that will come to all of us. And we have to think about what happens when I give you a $20 bill to buy something. You don't know my name, you don't know my address, you don't know what my last transaction was, you don't know what my history of transaction was. That's a private transaction and that was fine. And that's the way all money worked until several decades ago. Now, when you go, I was at a pet food store the other day and I bought dog food with my Visa card, not an online purchase. Within 20 minutes, I was getting hit with advertisements for that particular dog food on my Twitter feed. Okay, so Chase just immediately divulges your payment history to everyone else. I would like a way to spend digitally and buy things on Amazon and transact with friends around the world without divulging my entire digital footprint. That would be cool from a human rights point of view and it may be possible. But if not, we have a whole lot of risks that are gonna come with centralized money, just like with centralized data. We're gonna lose privacy. We're gonna open ourselves up to social engineering, wealth confiscation, and there's gonna be a lot of malicious intermediaries. We can't trust these folks. Ben Hunt, who writes a wonderful blog here on Wall Street called Epsilon Theory, he says, using government-approved electronic money will be the water in which you and your children swim and that may be the case. And we really have to think about what kind of cashless society we wanna live in and I would argue that if we wanna keep some of the innovations and entrepreneurship alive that has fueled societies like the United States, I think we're gonna want cashless society will be preserved personal freedoms and privacy. So the question is, how do we do that? How does one do that? Well, when we look at the evolution of money, dating back all the way historically to barter, shells, precious metals, coins, coins with king's faces stamped on them, notes that would indicate ownership of such things. The gold system all the way beyond the gold system today, the petrodollar, plastic cards, mobile payments, we're on an arc of kind of like losing sovereignty, right? Well, in 2009 someone came up with a different way of doing things and that would be Bitcoin, that would be the other path, that would be the other way we can have money in the future we may be able to preserve our freedoms and privacy. And the key reason for that is because with every other digital way to send money around the world today, you must trust a third party, whether you use MasterCard, Visa, Venmo, PayPal, no matter what, you have to trust a third party. With Bitcoin, you do not. With Bitcoin, I can send money to anyone else in the world today. All they need is internet and a smartphone. They can receive it, it's censorship resistant, there is no third party. This is an incredibly powerful idea, quite revolutionary from a human rights point of view. Nassim Niklas Taleb, the black swan author, has said that Bitcoin's mere existence gives us the crowd an insurance policy against the Norwegian future. Now, I don't know exactly what he meant by when he said this, but what I think he was hinting at is this fact that Bitcoin is a money system that operates without a center. There is no central authority. There is no compromise when you send information and money to someone else. There's not like somebody who sits in the middle who gets to approve that or surveil that. And I think that's an incredibly powerful function of this new money system. Now, just some basic facts, we're at the very beginning of the Bitcoin revolution. Less than 1% of humans have ever used it. And most of them who use it haven't even thought deeply or meaningfully about what it is. Most people simply just speculate on it. But we have to consider nearly 2 billion people don't have a bank account or an official state ID. They're locked out of a system, even here in the United States. You know, when you go to the supermarket and you see that rack of gift cards in the front of the store, that's for people who don't have bank accounts, right? So they have to buy visa gift cards in order to make online payments. Even here in the United States we have 25% of the population that's underbanked.  So a lot of people are shut out of the financial system. There's a lot of other reasons and ways where people are shut out. Well, guess what? You can't stop them from accessing Bitcoin. And then politically speaking, more than 4 billion people live under authoritarianism. And you know what? With a system like Bitcoin, Xi Jinping can't micro track you. Putin can't freeze you. What do you think Mr. Putin does when he wants to stop a human rights organization? He closes their bank account like he just did with Navalny last month. Well, he can't stop their Bitcoin account.  Well, guess what? They can't delete the ability for Rohingya to use Bitcoin. In the US, my government does a ton of bad things around the world, including I would argue sanctioning the people of Iran who didn't even elect their leaders. So what did the average young 23-year-old Iranian woman do to deserve punishment in the form of she can't buy an iPhone or she can't invest in US companies, et cetera? Well, with Bitcoin, she can't be stopped from earning a living as a software engineer and being paid from someone in the United States. She can't be stopped from receiving money abroad for medical treatment from family in London. And sanctions cannot stop Bitcoin. And the most kind of important one to me is that you cannot be hyperinflated. So you cannot be the victim of a government that takes all your hard-earned time and energy and reduces it to nothing. So just to give you a concept and idea of what people in Venezuela have been facing, in 2016, it cost 450 bolivars for a cup of coffee. 2017, 4,500 bolivars. In 2018, 1.4 million. So you're watching just the vaporization of lower and middle-class people's savings. Sure, if you were elite and had capital, you actually didn't mind hyperinflation. Until a few months ago, people were taking loans out from the central bank of Venezuela in bolivars and immediately buying an apartment in Miami Beach and then watching their mortgage disappear. So you could actually do pretty well with hyperinflation if you were part of the 1%. But for everybody else, they've been completely screwed. And guess what? Government cannot hyperinflate because they can't control the supply of Bitcoin. And I think this is a paradigm shift if you actually look at this image. This was circulated earlier this year by the New York Times. And this was like the government of Venezuela literally blocking the opposition from sending in humanitarian aid into the country. And what you don't see in this image is the millions of Bitcoin going back and forth. Today, in Venezuela, a country of close to 30 million people, there's more dollar-denominated activity on localbitcoins.com, which is a peer-to-peer marketplace, than on the Caracas Stock Exchange. That's breathtaking. I mean, it's a total paradigm shift. Now, it is an exception, but it's a pretty large country, a very important one, and it won't be the last. So these barriers that exist in our current financial system with legacy money don't exist with what I would argue is hopefully gonna be the money of the future. You're watching people have the opportunity to take the Bitcoin that you may send them in exchange for fiat money. Everywhere from Philippines to Iran to Nigeria to Venezuela to China, you think about the remittances industry in these countries? I mean, there's trillions of dollars to be made potentially by helping facilitate these transactions, these global borderless transactions. And again, the most powerful idea you can probably take from this presentation is that I can send Bitcoin to you today, anywhere on earth, and you don't need to ask anyone's authority, you don't even need a bank account. So it can help us transact freely without permission. I would argue if we wanna fight big brother, if we wanna live in a future society, we still have some privacy and freedoms, we're gonna need a different kind of money because fiat money is going to be a surveillance machine and that's just kind of the truth. So we have to think carefully about the distribution of these systems and what's behind them. And I would argue very much like democracy was a tool that humans used to decentralize government and the internet was a tool that humans used to decentralize knowledge. I think Bitcoin is a tool that humans are going to use to decentralize money and hopefully that'll be for our benefit. I really appreciate your time. Thank you very much.


What's up everybody jason for jazby's case breaks calm happy new release day guys 2021 panini contenders football six-box half case break Precursions number two just sold out and here we go guys. Oh, man Camera got stuck. Sorry about that guys one on one second Quick little hiccup here. So every once in a while Like if the cord gets pulled on right here by our feet the camera will Kind of just freeze out So there we go back to normal Here is figure two number two last spot mojo guys was Michael Joseph with the Steelers. Good luck, buddy. Let's get you a big Steelers card And again, this is the second half of the first case of first half second half of the master Picker team number two again number three and force from a fresh case So depending on what happens here guys, it doesn't even matter. Don't worry about what you see coming out of here This will be a three and four of you from a fresh case. So I Say start buying your teams and the next pick your team so you can get that done right after Looks like it's down to 12 now. So I Think we stopped plenty of time to get at least another one in Before Joe gets here at three, but don't worry guys when I'm off at three o'clock I'm gonna go to IG if you guys want to do some personals with me over there I'll be on Instagram at Jasper's breaks Teddy's live there now until three But Joe will be here from three to 11 now maybe later depending if you guys keep him busy So I think we have the potential to do Almost all the pick your teams today We can actually get done with three maybe four I think Joe has an easy time definitely getting number four through eight done But I mean if we can get to three, I still think we can sell all of these out tonight For the most part most teams most of the bigger teams are taken So I think we have plenty of time throughout the day to get done with all these pick your teams But again, you get five Autographs per box one of them is always gonna be a Rookie ticket on card RPS is what they call it. So at least one in every box So far we've hit a couple big quarterbacks in the first half on card of Davis Mills Trevor Lawrence and Zach Wilson. So Doesn't mean there still can't be more of those guys over here But I'm thinking maybe other position players and maybe some veterans. You haven't seen a veteran yet And yeah, I think the boxes are gonna jump at the price very soon, too. I do agree Cameron McGrone for the Patriots. So that's John Maddock Number no veteran base ship. So all these veteran base won't ship But the inserts any numbered cards, of course autographs, etc. We'll ship another patriot Ronnie Perkins whoa eight out of ten winning ticket Aaron Rodgers That's not bad right there Remember left or right. We'll go with the back cards right there at the end of the break and yes Also to you guys, I know we usually have that policy for like Basketball where certain players like you know Kobe LeBron, etc. Well, I think we still have that in place here with any Mahomes base Or Brady base. So don't worry about that Dwayne Eskridge Steve for the Seahawks one of the last few teams taken Mike Young There you go. That's the on-card ticket right there Gregory Rousseau. Oh, no, don't look at that 400 points we'll be giving that out to one customer numbers All right next box Really? Is he one of those players that's in every box or every case I should say? Not every box How many how many case breaks have you seen of this already Riffer? Have you seen a lot of Devontae Smith pulled yet? I wonder if he's very common in this. I was thinking of buying into like a player break on eBay Yeah, well, you know some of these players I think could have deserved to be Could have deserved to be on-card tickets like, you know, Michael Parsons is not on-card like isn't that crazy? I mean I get it. He's a defensive player. I know at the time when they created this probably was probably early in the season so You know, maybe they decided not to keep him as a on-card ticket, but I mean he's gonna be one that Probably comes out a little bit more common Since he's a sticker Haven't seen many Eagles yet, but it's early. Yeah, that's true Who has a Freddy good luck Freddy to the Eagles. Let's pull some Devontae Smith Hornel polo, that's your on-card ticket right there. So it looks like we're getting a lot of other position players Yeah, I know right. I mean you can make a case, right? I'm not saying dead. Whoa. Whoa. Look at that veteran ticket 723 Baker may feel cracked ice and that is an update from 2019 contenders football Browns Eric, so there's our first veteran of the case But yeah, I mean I'd say the same thing, right? I mean no no disrespect to like Yeah, Cornell Poel or like, you know What's the other guy on the Tennessee Titans? I forget Those guys are on-card. I mean could they should they have I mean I would have put Michael Parsons in there easily Lay in van der Esch tonight and I'm out. We're getting all the veterans now. Jeez You know, but like I said at the time, I think panini just decided these players were gonna be it Thinking they would make the team, you know be big players on the team. So that's why they did that Now I just think there's no going back after you put in the request or you know the the plans for contenders And like I said, that's that's the one thing is that they really they they produced the stuff early In the season. So this though was already predetermined a long time ago Grant So Cowboys was the other one right there. So that was Eric EA Jalen camp That is for the Texans Like I said, since we didn't see any nice Fletcher Cox since we didn't see any Veterans in the first half. I did expect some veterans here in the second half and I already got two veterans Third box guys. Don't worry. We're so hot. We're not halfway through yet. We still got four boxes Hoping on this side of the case we see like a cow pits Advante Smith You know those kind of players that we didn't get to see in the first half But of course we could get a repeat of the first half Get more of the same players. I mean, you just never know Trying to speak it into existence for real, right? All right. Good luck guys next box Zach Wilson you got a redemption Jennifer King Number to 49 Washington football team coaches ticket. Did they bring coaches tickets back? It's crazy Jerry with the Washington Commanders Kylan Hill Racy McMath Keith Taylor Callum on to 99 Rookie ticket RPS 135 Jalen Darden My Jalen Darden's an on-card, you know Could have been a little bit better, but it is what it is Brian Croft your TB for Halfway through guys So again, like I said, if you guys want to get done with number three Start grabbing your teams Is cow pits a redemption of this Brody? Is that what we have to look out for for cow pits? I know he has been a redemption for the most of the products, but Philly gets rid of Ben Simmons and goes to a division like rival kind of right with Brooklyn Not too far away from Philly and then now you have Carson Wentz back in the division in Washington Which is like an hour and a half away Man Eagles fans have been preparing for this for the for their for their whole lives Washington Commander games this year are gonna be the most expensive tickets to watch In Eagles home games. Yeah, I feel the redemption to 99 my grave You guys haven't even used their first-round pick on Carson Wentz if they got last year It's crazy Darren Hall Rookie ticket for the Falcons P. Warner. Yeah, cool. I mean he could be the bridge quarterback. I can see that But I mean they gave up a lot of they they basically took on his contract though, that's the that's the thing from Andre Stevenson Um They they they took on his like 28 million dollar contract and his guaranteed like 15 million or whatever it is That was due like this week. So Regardless, they're committed to him if they did that Brevin Jordan Rookie ticket 186 Tommy tremble Sounds like a saint No Carolina Panther two more boxes. Yeah, I mean Carolina tie-down, that's right. Yeah vikings are my I haven't pulled no Eagles. It's going on man Usually I usually pull some pretty decent Eagle players when I break at least I'm the kryptonite today. Sorry Freddie. Yeah, but we haven't seen a couple of teams really Like I've seen no bit. Well, we seen bills see Falcons. It's I don't know about Cardinals Panthers no, maybe Broncos. I don't think I've seen There's definitely a couple teams that I haven't seen grants again There's another repeat player right there TV championship ticket 49 T-Law insert Well asking you shall receive there's a there's a Viking player Cameron Bynum Championship ticket night and I'm Mike Evans. I'm a Holmes Peyton Turner Wanted Jalen waddle Redemption Did I how many autographs that I get out of this? Definitely that one down down. That's That's only four did I miss one I was gonna say I think I missed one I must say though this year's design though has been really tough to kind of pinpoint some autographs. There it is.  I was like, I don't feel like I missed an autograph. Let's go the redemption Nick Bolton rookie ticket chiefs. All righty last box mojo guys. Good luck Never pick a team three and four on the website guys and we can run back three at least You got another hour and 20 minutes left probably it's only like a 20 25 minute break So we can fill this up by like 140 145 Should be able to get that done But again, if there is teams remaining your iron and bigger team three and four Fresh case in the next one. It doesn't matter what we pulled out of here Fresh case the next one guys Jacob Harris and that is your on-card ticket right there another questionable player potentially. I Guess everybody can be on card though Jaylen Phillips Dolphins Trayvon morrig Radis, I guess we are seeing a lot of different teams on this case Elijah Moulvin for the Titans Hamsta for the Jets Dammit signatures ham. I like it and we got a Julio Jones gladiators to 10. Here we go All right. Well, there we go guys. So we have 400 points to give away and again. We'll topple it all these autographs here First case definitely didn't have a lot of the bigger players, but we did get some nice Uncards as well, you know, like the Nick Bolton Tommy Trumbull Jaylen Darden. We got a coach card And I said we got a veteran practice Baker Mayfields and not the craziest half case The first case was definitely a first half was a little bit better But let's give away 400 points after right on these ones here as well Sorry about that Mike. I was really pulling for you two man last spot mojo All right, so Let's go. We have to do two randomize it actually So go for the points which is copy and paste everybody's name and this will be left or right Roll a dice two and a one three times one two three Adam Coberman congratulations man for the points coming your way, and then we got three times here left right one two three We're going with the left side left side. We'll get those cards. So there you go compliment on left side Appreciate it guys number three is on the website guys That is down to 11 left now if you guys want to get it going most expensive team remaining is the Steelers at 180 But fresh case guys, you never know what can happen there. Appreciate you guys Jaspies case rich calm


Hello, everybody, and welcome to another episode of Dr. Jill Live. Today, I have my friend and colleague, Ari Whitten, who's an expert on mitochondria and energy.  Wherever you're listening today, would you please stop by a leave a review or if you're on YouTube, hit subscribe so you can get notification of any upcoming episodes. We really appreciate your support. And if you have looked for other episodes, you can find all of them at wherever you have heard this one. All right. So without further ado, I'm going to introduce my friend Ari. Ari Whitten, MS is the founder of the Energy Blueprint. He's the best-selling author of the Ultimate Guide to Red Light Therapy and Eat for Energy, How to Beat Fatigue and Supercharge your Metacondria for All-Day Energy. Who of us can't use that, right? He's a Bachelor of Science in Kinesiology Certifications from the National Academy of Sports Medicine and a Corrective Exercise Specialist and Performance Enhancement Specialist. He's completed extensive graduate training in clinical psychology and holds a Master of Science degree in the Human Nutrition and Functional Medicine. Ari is tirelessly researching and has obsessively devoted the last 27 years of his life in the pursuit of being on the cutting edge of science on health and human energy optimization. You can find his podcast, Programs and Supplement Formulas at www.TheEnergyBlueprint.com. Ari, thanks for coming on the show. Thank you so much for having me. It's a pleasure to connect with you again. You're welcome. So I love story, like why we do what we do really is the driver, right? So I'd love to hear your backstory. You've got all this degree and study and I love that you've really neared into the focus, but tell us how you got to where you're at now. Yeah. Well, as my bio kind of alludes to my original background was in fitness, athletic performance, bodybuilding, body composition. That was my world since I was 12 years old. I'm going to turn 40 this year. So almost going on three decades now of studying health science very, very, very passionately and without really any stopping. You know, it's since I was a little kid, this is my area of passion. And I think there's also an important distinction between kind of, there's a lot of people like especially physicians who I think come into this and their whole background is very abstract, very conceptual, very academic. Like you're learning about health in a classroom where you're getting lectured about topics. And my background before I ever was lectured in a classroom, I had almost a decade of real world practical experience. And the original biohackers were bodybuilders. Long before biohacking was a term, bodybuilders decades before that were doing all kinds of wacky extreme stuff, injecting themselves with all kinds of chemicals in the pursuit of more muscle and less fat and subjecting themselves to all kinds of extreme things. And so I grew up in that world, fortunately, never with injecting myself with anything. But that was the culture I was brought up. And my older brother, from the time I was very young, was a bodybuilder, a personal trainer being mentored by a professional bodybuilder who was into that whole world of steroids and chemical enhancement. And, and I was also an athlete, a martial artist and a soccer player growing up.  I had already so much experience with the human body that the practical experiential aspect of how the human body works, experimenting, running my own experiments of how does my body respond to this, how does what happens if I do this and what, what, you know, what are the side effects of doing too much of this and invaluable to have that kind of base foundation of experience of knowing how to run experiments on the human body and how it responds. Did a bachelor's in kinesiology, which is movement science, a lot of emphasis on on exercise physiology and biomechanics and nutrition and things of that nature was a personal trainer and nutritionist for many years. Did a, I went to medical school for two years and despised it in large part because I had such a strong background in nutrition and fitness and health science as opposed to sickness science like pathology, like I understood how to create health. And it was very bizarre to me to be going through medical school, not being taught anything about how to be healthy, just being taught about pathology and understanding diseases and this disease requires this drug. And the paradigm just seemed very sick to me. You know, to be in the hospital seeing type two diabetics on 12 different prescription drugs being served a terrible diet, being taught nothing about nutrition. I mean, I, and I was the only one there who perceived this as insane. And that, and because I perceived it as insane, you know, the other students in the class were looking at me, if I, if I dared to say anything or to question anything that was going on, it was like, Oh, you know, Oh, he thinks he's so smart, he thinks he knows better. You know, and so then I was receiving all this judgment for questioning what was going on there and you know, it was ultimately a very toxic environment for me, chose to leave, which was a very hard decision. Went on to do a PhD program in clinical psychology, I completed all three years of course work for that and then decided I didn't want to be a clinical psychologist. And so I didn't do the years of internship, but I completed all the coursework for it. And then in my mid twenties, I got Epstein bar virus and I got mononucleosis very severely. And I was left with chronic fatigue for about a year after that. And this was a, this was a very serious transition for me as someone who had always been fit, always been super healthy and energetic. And, and really like the pinnacle of fitness and health my whole life since I was young, all of a sudden I was without energy. And, you know, I could tell you about the specific reasons why that happened. But the short of it is over exercising, sleeping in a mold rich room and sleeping only four hours a night due to a kind of a party lifestyle at that time in my life. But so this experience, and then I basically I went to see conventional doctors, initially they misdiagnosed me as having strep throat gave me penicillin, which only made me worse. And then when it was discovered that I had Epstein bar virus and mono and mononucleosis, they didn't have anything to offer. When I went to see conventional doctors with chronic fatigue, they had nothing to offer. And when I went to see alternative practitioners and functional medicine doctors with chronic fatigue, for the most part, I was the adrenal fatigue story. And something very interesting came out of that, because I started to go deep, because I was scientifically literate, because I had a strong background in health science, I started to do so much reading on my own about adrenal fatigue.  And it's it's not seen as a legitimate medical condition. And this is where the story kind of becomes a bit ironic. But basically what I at the time I was annoyed that conventional medicine brushed off the concept of adrenal fatigue, because I was convinced that I had adrenal fatigue. And these people that I respected had diagnosed me with adrenal fatigue. And so because I was annoyed at conventional medicine and their reaction to it, I basically said, you know, I'm going to write a book that goes methodically systematically through the science to prove that adrenal fatigue is in fact a real thing. And that's when something very interesting happened when I started to delve into the scientific literature on it, I discovered there really isn't any scientific literature on adrenal fatigue. And that and then I this this was actually it ended up being like a year of my life that I dedicated to this this this topic in particular, I basically gave myself a PhD in the science of the relationship of cortisol and adrenal function, HPA axis function and relationship to chronic stress and chronic fatigue. But I started to discover, okay, well, there's nothing on adrenal fatigue. How do I look this up? And so then I started putting in, you know, fatigue, chronic fatigue, and cortisol. And I'd come up with some studies, chronic fatigue syndrome and cortisol stress related exhaustion disorder and cortisol and adrenal function, HPA axis functions, there's some studies there. Burnout syndrome is a legitimate recognized condition. Clinical burnout is another name of a similar one. And cortisol and adrenal function. And so I started coming up with these studies. And at first I'm like, yes, I hit the jackpot. Now I can I have the scientific basis to prove adrenal fatigue is a real thing. And then I started basically seeing studies that the gist of these studies science 101 is essentially, you take a group of people that have these symptoms, adrenal fatigue type of symptoms, difficulty sleeping, low energy levels, yada, yada, yada stress related fatigue exhaustion burnout type symptoms. And you then take a similar group of people matched for age and gender and by and all the different demographics, smoking, exercise habits, etc. And you see if the group with those symptoms has abnormal adrenal function or abnormal cortisol levels. It's a very simple scientific framework experimentation model that would allow you to validate the theory of adrenal fatigue. And turns out there's many, many dozens of those kinds of studies that have been done over the last three decades. And I found them and I found them all. I mean, and I literally mean I spent a year of my life digging up every study and existence on that topic. And when I started to dig through them, basically what I found is all kinds of studies that didn't support my bias and didn't support the beliefs that I had going into it, meaning I found lots of studies that showed that the group with those symptoms had perfectly normal adrenal function and cortisol levels that were indistinguishable from healthy normal people without those symptoms. And if you want me to summarize the body of literature as a whole, 59 individual studies over over three decades and since the 1990s, basically, and of those 15 supported a link between slightly lower cortisol levels on average in the group with fatigue. 11 of them supported the opposite finding slightly higher cortisol levels and 33 of them showed no discernible difference whatsoever. So the majority of those studies, as I said, find no difference in cortisol or adrenal function. And at that point, I was like, first of all, conventional medicine is right in their judgment of the scientific basis of adrenal fatigue. They're correct in their determination of that. But at that point, I was like, okay, well, what the heck's causing my fatigue? What is the real science of human energy regulation? Did you test your cortisol levels in there? Were they high, low, or normal? I did. They were normal. And this is partly what prompted it. They were normal. And what happened was the practitioner that I was seeing still diagnosed me as having adrenal fatigue. And this is another bizarre element of the whole adrenal fatigue thing is, essentially, whether you're high, low, or normal, regardless of what the results are of your cortisol test, they will say you're in one phase or another of adrenal fatigue. And I'm like, this is actually not very scientific at all. Where else in any condition do we say, essentially, regardless of whatever your test results are, high, low, or normal, you still have the condition. Right. That's not itself as a big red flag. And I want to clarify real quick, because this is brilliant.  But I want to clarify for our listeners, because 20 years ago when I started functional medicine, I was one of those who talked about adrenal fatigue. And I went back just like you and looked at the research. It does not support it. And I changed everything I wrote to HPA axis dysfunction. I just want to make sure we're on the same page as far as there is such a thing as HPA axis dysfunction, correct? And again, we would agree with that. And there's also such a thing as a true adison crisis where people literally do not produce cortisol or have such a diminished thing that they could die without supplemental. And I want to clarify for our listeners, because they've heard me talk a lot about this. And I love your view, because I did the same thing. I looked at the researchers and I can't use this term anymore. And out there, there's a lot and a lot of false information. So I really like that you're bringing this to light. But I want to clarify for the audience that there still is HPA axis dysfunction. You can still have low cortisol.  But the terminology really matters because there is no, there really isn't science to support that, the adrenal fatigue. Yes. Yes. Hey, everybody, I just stopped by to let you know that my new book, Unexpected, Finding Resilience through Functional Medicine, Science and Faith is now available for order wherever you purchase books. In this book, I share my own journey of overcoming life-threatening illness and the tools and tips and tricks and hope and resilience I found along the way. This book includes practical advice for things like cancer and Crohn's disease and other autoimmune conditions, infections like Lyme or Epstein Bar and mold and biotoxin-related illness. What I really hope is that as you read this book, you find transformational wisdom for health and healing. If you want to get your own copy, stop by readunexpected.com. There, you can also collect your free bonuses. Grab your copy today and begin your own transformational journey through Functional Medicine in Finding Resilience. Yes. Since you brought up these nuances, maybe we'll dig deeper into this before we go on to the other layers of the story like mitochondrial health in particular, which is what I think is at the center of energy regulation. So, first of all, with Addison's, yes, absolutely. Addison's is a real thing. It's possible to have truly low cortisol levels. It is possible to have a state of physiology where the adrenals truly cannot supply cortisol levels. This is absolutely a condition, and it's virtually entirely unrelated to chronic fatigue or stress-related exhaustion. It's talking about some tiny, tiny subset. There's usually some trigger that's a very specific trigger where you could have gotten an infection. You could have a viral autoimmune, or you can have an autoimmune, or you can have just failure of the gland, but again, that's a very, very, very different thing. I'm glad you said that. Right. So, Addison's, a person can have Addison's disease, but I want to be clear, all the huge chunk of the population that has chronic fatigue or stress-related burnout do not have Addison's disease. Let's say 99.99999% of them do not have Addison's disease. We know that because, well, for many reasons we know that, but this is also something that's easily distinguishable from other types of HPA-access dysfunction by measuring another hormone called ACTH. So, ACTH is coming from the brain. It's a hormone produced by the brain to tell the adrenal glands, produce more cortisol. We need more cortisol. If you've got a situation where you have lots of that hormone and still low cortisol levels, that means the adrenals truly don't have the capacity to produce enough cortisol. Secondary adrenal deficiency. Yeah. Yeah. So, it exists. It's a rare condition called Addison's disease. That's unrelated to the chronic fatigue epidemic as a whole. It is also the case. So, you brought up the distinction with HPA-access dysfunction. So, yes, HPA-access dysfunction absolutely exists. However, even just going back to the research I just cited and many of those studies actually do a more detailed assessment of CRH and ACTH also built into that to assess for hypothalamic dysfunction or pituitary dysfunction in addition to cortisol abnormalities. But just the results that I told you about actually also we can expand that to say, again, cortisol and adrenal levels, cortisol levels and adrenal function are normal in most of these people. There is a subset of that population just like there is a subset of the non-chronically fatigued population that do have cortisol abnormalities, low or high cortisol levels or a disrupted diurnal curve where it's too low in the morning and too high in the evening. These things absolutely exist. HPA-access dysfunction absolutely exists. However, it is not actually that common in people with chronic fatigue. It is not the norm in the majority of people. Now, the one thing, since you mentioned this, I also did a very deep dive in the literature on a couple of things. One is chronic stressors of various kinds. So, psychological stress could be from relationship stress, financial stress, job stress, physical stress from over-training in athletes. Mold and toxic exposures. I didn't find any studies on that in cortisol, but I'm maybe- I have. So, ketomium is a specific mold highly associated with low cortisol levels. Okay, interesting. So, trauma, what else? Various kinds of toxins, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, almost every type of stressor that you can think up. And almost without exception, trauma and mold and certain types of toxin exposures are the only real exception to this. But almost without exception, every type of stressor you can come up with, even when it exists for decades, even metabolic stressors such as disease states, obesity, diabetes, they are not associated with a state of low cortisol as a result of the chronic stress wearing out the adrenal glands. They're associated with higher than normal cortisol. And basically what's happening is- And I've seen it with mold, too. I just want to clarify, because that's actually like often people have not only, you know, if it's outside ketomium, there have been, there's more people I see with mold and high cortisol than low. So, I love that. So, almost across the board, every type of stress you look up is associated with higher than normal cortisol, which is exactly the opposite. Even when these things are present for decades, it's exactly the opposite of what the adrenal fatigue hypothesis would predict. What it would predict is that chronic stressors present over decades would exhaust the adrenal glands resulting in low cortisol. And anywhere you look in any type of chronic stressor, almost universally without exception, associated with higher than normal cortisol. And basically what's happening is there is no exhaustion of the adrenal glands. The adrenal glands are actually hypertrophying. They're growing to adapt to the chronic stress to produce more cortisol. So, basically this is a lot of different ways of saying the theory is wrong. Now, there is a demographic, a subset with true HPA axis dysfunction, or abnormal aspects of the curve, which may or may not often don't even manifest as any symptoms or illness that a person feels. And let me give you the single most powerful disruptor of HPA axis function. This is something that commonly results in low enough morning cortisol levels that if these people take a test, a salivary cortisol test in the morning, and they go see a practitioner who believes in adrenal fatigue, they will almost universally come back with a diagnosis of adrenal fatigue. It's very simple. It's being a night owl chronotype. If you are someone who simply goes to bed late at night, it has been shown in numerous studies that those night owl chronotypes versus early morning types versus morning types, I should say, have about half of the morning cortisol levels of a morning person. And they don't have any symptoms. I'm talking normal, healthy people without symptoms have half the morning cortisol levels. I'm playing it because melatonin will suppress cortisol so as they have higher melatonin probably later or earlier in the morning, they probably dry gone into 8am or whatever and then that's going to suppress the cortisol. Exactly. And they're most likely staying up with lots of artificial lights blaring into their face late into the hour. So they're suppressing melatonin and having cortisol levels elevated to a later hour. So you get this disrupted diurnal curve effect. Again, even in normal healthy people, you're just a night owl. You don't have chronic fatigue or adrenal fatigue symptoms. So anyway, that's some aspects of the story. I could talk to you about it. Well, let's talk mitochondria. That's where I want to go because you are the X for there. I want people to get like, okay, so what is it? Because I agree with you that toxin infectious burden that I see is really affecting mitochondria. And that's where longevity is too. So tell us about why mitochondria is really more of a root for our energy production. Yeah. Well, at the end of all of this search for me, I was trying to find answers to my own stuff at the end of the day. And then I saw these physicians, I did this whole deep dive and adrenal fatigue.  So, you know, at that point, I spend another several years doing deep dives into, well, I know sleep is related to energy. Obviously, if you don't sleep well, we don't have lots of energy. So what are the mechanisms linking that and circadian rhythm? And so I spent a long time looking at circadian rhythm and the mechanisms there. And I know, you know, exercise is related to that. So what are the mechanisms underlying how exercise relates to energy? And what about psychological stress? How does that relate to energy? And nutrition, of course, is related to energy. What's the story? What's going on physiologically that links nutrition to energy regulation, fatigue, or good energy levels? And I spent several years going down these rabbit trails of each of these pathways and ultimately arriving at like this list of 150 different mechanisms that were in one way or another related to this energy story, neurotransmitters and hormones and AMPK and all kinds of stuff. And it was a nice list. And I had a lot of different ways to talk about the energy story. But it wasn't until I found Robert Navio's work on the cell danger response. He's a researcher, MD, PhD, who runs a lab for mitochondrial medicine at the University of California, San Diego. And I found his work on the cell danger response. And I was like, this is it. And it gave me a framework, a coherent framework to synthesize all this year's worth of information and pathways that I had figured out around energy and synthesize it and figure out what is actually regulating this energy in the human body. Because if we look at a car, there's lots of parts of a car that are important for that car to drive down the road. The engine block is important. The pistons are important. The crankshafts important. The gasoline's important. The wheels and tires are important. The axles are important. Lots of parts that you could say, if we remove that the car doesn't function. It can't drive down the road. But what is actually controlling whether or not the car is driving down the road and how fast it's going is the person in the car with the ignition switch with a key who's pushing either the brake or the accelerator and how hard they're pushing the accelerator. So what's regulating it is the question. What's the thing controlling it? And when it comes to human physiology, the evidence really suggests that mitochondria are regulating human energy levels. So we're often taught about them as these sort of mindless cellular energy generators. They just take in carbs and fats. They pump out energy in the form of ATP. But where Robert Navillot's work came in is to say it synthesized many decades of research from researchers all over the world looking at mitochondria, finding out all these pieces of the story. Oh, actually, in addition to energy generators, they're also doing this and they're also doing that. And they're also serving a role in immune health and regulating the redox status of the cell and they're all kinds of things. And basically the synthesis of all of that was mitochondria actually have two roles. They have a role as energy generators and they have a role as environmental sensors. And they're constantly asking the question, what is, I'm anthropomorphizing a little bit, but they're asking the question, is it safe for us to produce energy? Are we under attack? Is there danger present? And to the extent, as environmental sensors, to the extent that they're picking up on danger signals and threats that are surpassing their stress buffering capacity, their energy production capacity, they shift out of energy production mode towards cellular defense mode. So in other words, mitochondria aren't just the thing that produces the energy. They are also the thing that's sensing the environment and deciding whether or not to produce energy. So that fundamentally, the degree to which your mitochondria are in energy mode or in defense mode is what is regulating human energy levels. Love that. And it's funny because I remember the day I was sitting in my first lecture with Dr. Navio and same thing. It was like, my jaw dropped, my mouth opened, and I'm like, this is it. Right. And I remember my colleagues too, it was just like, okay, this is really pulling together so many of the pieces. And of course, I'm an environmental toxic specialist, right? So I see how that affects energy levels. I'm like, oh my goodness, this makes all the difference. So I love that you found his work and that you've put it all together because I feel the same. I was really, really, I mean, we owe so much to his research. So let's go to, gosh, I could talk all day and I would love to talk about how the HP gets out of the cell and then signals from the outside in of the cell response. But maybe we shift to the practical because people will listen and you're like, okay, yeah, but tell me how to get well and what to do. So what's like, I know you wrote a lot about red light. I'm a huge fan. I've got devices all over my room here. Let's talk first about light and why does light affect mitochondria? And then maybe just some practical tips on like people who have fatigue, what they could do to optimize mitochondrial function. Okay, let me, and maybe we'll come back to this later. Okay, so red and near infrared light are very interesting story. I've written a book on this. I've written the most popular book on the subject. What's the title? Just go and give that for people. The ultimate guide to red light therapy. Okay. And there are books like clinical textbooks written by researchers like Michael Hamlin, Harvard professor, but they're for academics and researchers. They're not meant for the general public. I mean, somebody in the general public who buys one will be like, why did I buy this?  A thousand information on like 5000 studies, but with no practical advice on how to actually use it. So anyway, red and your infrared light are an amazing aspect of human health. And I think a really important and neglected aspect of human health. And there's a new discovery around this just in the last year or two that I think is going to turn out to be really important. The very quick version of this is we have over 6000 studies now showing that red and your infrared light are bioactive in the human body that light photons interact with the human body to modulate physiological process. Just that in itself is kind of an odd concept for people to wrap their head around because we're used to thinking of like light effects plants, chlorophyll and photosynthesis, but we're not so used to thinking of light affecting our physiology. And maybe we know some layers of the story. We know vitamin D interacts with our UV light interacts with our skin and creates this hormone called vitamin D. And we know that's important. So we take our vitamin D pill that in itself is a bit of a problem. And we maybe also know the circadian rhythm story. We know that blue light entering the eyes feeds back into this part of the brain, the suprachiasmatic nucleus that has our circadian clock that impacts on all these neurotransmitters and hormones that impact on sleep and wake cycles and energy and mood and cognitive function and physical performance and all kinds of processes. So we kind of, a lot of people are starting to have some sense of the relationship between light and human health. But now there's another layer to the story which is red and your infrared light actually penetrate into our skin beneath our skin. Unlike UV light and blue light and other wavelengths that really stop at the layer of the skin, these penetrate deeply into our body, inches into our body. And those light photons that turn out, turns out are not just inert, they actually do something when they penetrate deep into our body. They interact directly with the mitochondria in our cells throughout our body. And when they're there, there's a few different aspects of what they're doing. Number one, they're actually interacting with a photo acceptor like a receptor directly in the mitochondria called cytochrome C oxidase. These photons of light hit this photo acceptor and really facilitate energy production by the mitochondria. So photons of light allow your cells to produce energy better. But and for a long time that was thought to be sort of the most important mechanism. But it turns out that it's actually probably not. The main thing that's going on is that something called retrograde signaling by interacting with the mitochondria and acting actually as a hormetic stressor, creating a slight increase in reactive oxygen species similar to like exercise in that sense. It's the mitochondria are engaged in a process called retrograde signaling where they essentially send signals back to the nucleus of the cell and alter gene expression. And fundamentally, red and near infrared light are altering gene expression in a way that tends to suppress chronic inflammatory signals and up regulate growth factors, healing factors. So and this differs the specific factors that are expressed differs depending on the tissues in the brain. It's nerve growth factor brain derived neurotrophic factor in the muscle IGF one insulin like growth factor one and other muscle growth factors in the bone it's different growth factors in the skin it up regulates fibroblasts collagen and elastin production and so on and so forth. So we have 6000 studies showing that this type of light can do all sorts of amazing things like increase wound healing, whether it's bone or skin or muscle or tendon we have tons of studies showing that it speeds up wound healing athletes for example with sprained ankles get on the field twice as fast if they use red light to speed up their healing for a few minutes a day compared to the athletes who don't use it so it speeds up the rate of healing profoundly it has skin anti aging effects it has fat loss effects it has muscle gain and endurance enhancing effects when it's paired with exercise it amplifies the effects of whatever exercise you're doing it speeds up recovery from exercise so your tissues actually heal faster and and many there's many many different disease applications as well and you know it's used to treat oral mucositis which is a common side effect of chemotherapy drugs it's used to treat diabetic ulcers to get them to heal and all sorts of you know disease applications like that but I would say the the ones that people are most commonly interested in are things like skin anti aging fat loss and slowing down hair loss and pairing it with exercise to enhance the the the effects of exercise and wound healing I love that and I was just thinking in my head four things off the top of my head really practical examples that I use I've had a via light for years I said there's many devices but this one happens to have red lights on the scalp and one that goes up the nose through the crew form plate and I always years ago I mean there was research but there's been a lot more it would be the thing that if I wanted to get in a flow state or right I'd put on that device for 20 minutes and zoom I am on my brain is on so that's number one number two right over there I have this red bulb from sauna space that if my back or knee or something's hurting 20 minutes or something you can put on my face right behind me this is hilarious because they're all here this device is red light for the face it is my favorite people ask me all the time Dr. Jill what do you use in your skin well it's got some great skin products but that red light that is the magic and then you mentioned the teeth I'm like oh yeah my bathroom I have this device it's red and blue light for the gums and the teeth and I wear that 20 minutes every night so like I'm doing these things all day long and it's funny because I know some of the research you are far more of an expert than me but I will just stay with my end of one which means my experience every one of them are profound I'm such a huge fan but I love I wanted just for listeners to get practical ways like I use these in my everyday life yeah absolutely so um and you know it's funny I have I have this this device right next to me right now which is the mouth device right now and I have various other devices scattered around my house and I'm like putting me like all around me as those devices yeah yeah um I want to tell you about this new discovery because I think you'll enjoy it and you most likely haven't heard of it um so melatonin is a is a is a hormone that people know obviously is associated with sleep and typically the story is you know melatonin is produced by the pineal gland occasionally people will talk about a gut-derived melatonin as well but generally the story of melatonin some people don't even know it's a hormone like in the general population they think it's just a supplement right melatonin is a hormone produced by your body and um it can also be taken as a supplement interestingly enough and uh melatonin has turns out very profound effects on human physiology and um we know obviously the sleep story there's lots of emerging research now on the use of it in large doses exogenously for treatments of cancer neurological disease gut diseases all sorts of things and the research is quite positive on all of that um but there's a new layer to the story that's interesting that came from a researcher named Russell Ryder just in the last few years he's a sort of legendary melatonin research he's been doing it for decades and decades one of the most knowledgeable people in the world maybe the most on melatonin and they did some interesting experiments on rodents where they removed the pineal gland and they measured levels of melatonin at the cellular level in mitochondria and they found something unexpected they found that melatonin levels were unaltered by the removal of the pineal gland that the mice without a pineal gland still had the same levels of melatonin in their cells which means there's another source of melatonin beyond the pineal gland um and basically and and one of the other layers of knowledge that we now have around melatonin is that melatonin is not just a sleep hormone it turns out it is one of the most it's probably the most potent mitochondrial antioxidant in existence and it doesn't just act as a direct antioxidant it also interacts with our internal antioxidant defense system our what's called the ARE the antioxidant response element glutathione superoxide dismutase catalase heme oxygenase we have these powerful antioxidant systems built into our cells built into our mitochondria and melatonin which we're supposed to produce in large amounts every night before bed and during sleep basically is designed to protect mitochondria and to recharge that internal antioxidant system which is super important for our resilience in our stress buffering capacity our capacity to handle the next day's exposures to various insults and stresses so it turns out so that story was interesting i've been talking about that for years and from the frame of circadian rhythm and wanting to make sure that we produce enough pineal derived melatonin to bathe our mitochondria every night but it turns out that quite that story isn't quite accurate and the reason it's not accurate is because actually we now know that melatonin is so important to mitochondria that millions of years ago mitochondria evolved the ability to produce their own melatonin supply in each of the trillions of cells in our body so that's the big new discovery is we have lots of melatonin in our cells and that it's probably in extra my my bet is that in five or ten years from now we will discover that melatonin is probably way way more important in human physiology than we currently realize and that it is a vital molecule in maintaining redox balance means allowing the cell in the mitochondria to maintain the proper balance of oxidants and antioxidants and here's the big new discovery the main thing that stimulates production of what's called extra pineal melatonin or mitochondrial derived melatonin is red and near infrared light wow oh and where do we get red and near infrared light from an evolutionary perspective why would this be the case sunlight basically humans evolved to spend time each day getting sun on their bodies so my my belief at this point my hunch and we know from lots of other lines of evidence that sunlight is regular sun exposure greatly reduces all-cause mortality that sun avoidance there's a big study of 30 000 women in sweden where they found that the women with the lowest sun exposure had an increased risk of all-cause mortality dying from any cause that was on par with smoking a pack of cigarettes each day so sun what i my my hypothesis is that regular sun exposure is extremely important to human health and i think that a big part of the reason why is not just the vitamin d story as most people think i think it's actually the red and near infrared light melatonin story wow i love this gosh this is so packed with great information and the new research now one question to get a lot from patients and i'm sure you've done this some of the research so i'd be curious to know if you have any answer for us there was some some literature out there that said taking melatonin will suppress your own you shouldn't do it especially children i disagree with that i feel like it's powerful and i have not seen that effect but what's your comment on um could taking it long term be harmful it's a super interesting and uh controversial area um there's everything from people warning very strongly against even right you know relatively low dose use to i know certain people i've read books like um michael schellenberger's book on chronic fatigue he's recommending i i don't want to get this wrong and misrepresent this but i want to say at least 100 milligrams if not more to like everybody universe and and the the what's thought to be produced by the pineal gland each night is three milligrams um so or sorry 300.3 milligrams 300 micrograms right yeah yes so um so p what's a common supplement dose is like three milligrams five milligrams 10 milligrams so this is already 10 2050 orders of magnitude greater than the physiological dose from the melatonin from the pineal gland level um what's so you asked about the negative bio feedback loops it's common in in various kinds of hormones like the classic example is men using exogenous testosterone steroids what what happens is a negative feedback loop where your body starts producing less of its own supply if you provide more exogenously so the testes shrink start producing lower testosterone if you start injecting exogenous and that happens with lots of different hormones in the body the studies that have tested this on melatonin have found that it's not true that there is no exogenous suppression of internal production of melatonin you can take it externally it doesn't suppress your own internal supply however um anecdotally a lot of people report that when they use melatonin for a period of time and then they go off of it they don't sleep well for several days which kind of matches up with what you would expect to find if there were a negative feedback loop present but speaking purely on the research that's tested it there isn't a negative feedback loop i will also say that a subset of the population and i'm one of them interestingly enough and my dad is too so i think there's a genetic component to this um a subset of people seem to be hypersensitive to melatonin exogenous melatonin yes i do and the institution study on those of us i don't know if this is exact same sensitivity but i'm the same way and there's a study there's a genetic snip i have that creates more melatonin in the morning hours which actually creates more hyper hyperglycemia fasted so i'll look like a pre-diabetic if i'm not careful just because of my genetics around the i don't know if it's a breakdown of melatonin or just that i produce more and the same as you if i take too much i i'm really groggy so there is yes i get super groggy and my sleep is very disturbed yes yes me too so yeah i like that you're saying because again there's this amazing research and amazing power but all of these things really have to be individualized to the person because we all have genetics and environment and but the bottom line red light therapy infrared powerful stuff i love that so and and just pairing kind of wrapping that all together what my conclusion is personally is that it makes more sense to since since i'm sensitive and have negative reactions to exogenous melatonin it makes more sense to do the things that ramp up my own internal supply at the mitochondrial level so doing red and near infrared light therapy and actually that enhances my sleep instead of makes me sleep poorly oh love that because i get intuitively i think that's why i've gravitated towards that because i don't really take a lot of melatonin but i found the red light same thing my sleep is amazing all right and one one little layer i'll add to this i i see human health very much through the context of evolutionary biology and through an ancestral lens so like i always put things to that test of logic and thinking and you know so does it make sense from an ancestral perspective that i should be supplying 100 milligrams of exogenous melatonin every night probably not our ancestors didn't really do that right because it makes sense that our ancestors maybe got some red and near infrared light exposure each night oh they used to sit around a fire light maybe there's something to that maybe they got a lot of sun each day maybe there's something to that story so from an evolutionary biology lens one of those two things makes a lot of sense the other doesn't i'm not saying it's wrong or bad because especially in the context of disease models there's lots of very positive research but i i think that's a useful model to subject things to the the sort of logic test to yes oh all right you are a wealth of knowledge this has been so much fun and i could talk to you for hours what i'm really excited about is the fact that um minor country when we're seeing infection toxin all of the stuff that i do it is really a core and i love that you talk about cell danger response to and the power of infrared where can people find you if they want more information where can they get your books yeah books are on amazon the best place to follow my work is the energy blueprint dot com perfect thank you so much for your wealth of knowledge today um fascinating information and we'll have to do this again to finish up the talk on what else is new with mitochondria i would love to thanks so much for having me you're welcome


everyone and welcome. This is Melissa Armo with the Stock Swoosh and I'm reviewing something for Anna K. Anna K is new. She's a new trader. Just called me today. She did not get the stock pick from me. I don't know where she got it.  Anyways, I don't think she ever got filled. Thank God. Anna has very realistic goals. Her goal is to only make $50 a day. But whether your goal is to make $1 a day or $1,000 a day or $50 a day, you still have to have a specific strategy and system to make money for the consistency. It's not about just getting in something and making five cents or 10 cents. Honestly, I am not a proponent of penny stocks or low float stocks. They are dangerous.  They are awful things to trade. It's too risky if you want to make any substantial amount of money. You have to take way too much quantity of the size of the position size to get in it. You move the stock. When you do that, these typically have no volume. Not today. This did have some volume. But I mean, this does not typically have volume. And also, look at this.  This has not even been out for 12 month period. It doesn't even have a 200 period moving average. Okay. Anyways, long story short, this is definitely not something that I would ever, ever, ever tell anyone in a million years to short or go long or do or trade at all. And I know people do this. The reason that people do this and probably, and in case I'll sell something online about this stock or something from someone, the reason people like to do these things is because they're cheap because you can take a large quantity. If you look at it, if you have a margin account for the cost of the stock at two bucks and change, you can take the size in something like this with a low account. But let me tell you something.  I'm talking about the baby day, a baby day like today in Apple, tip to tail, 180, 59, 177, 891 in Apple, on a baby day, the stock will move two and a half bucks. So on a baby day in Apple, you can make even more than something like this other one with very, very small size because you Apple moves. This stock doesn't even move.  From tip to tail in this one, that's ridiculous, 60 cents. And from the open to the close, 30 cents. So I get where people are coming from and the reason they want to do these things, because they have small balance accounts. Number one, number two, there are people out there promoting stocks like this. Penny stocks are what are called low float stocks that they are touting, okay? And often people are actually moving these stocks where they take the positions or getting in the positions, moving the stock and then ending it and moving it while people are getting out and getting hurt in it, okay? It's called pump and dump. You can Google it online. So a lot of companies out there, educational companies, traders, trading rooms, people that are teaching to trade this crap, which I never would in my life and never will. They're doing something called a pump and dump. They will get in the stock, they will move it, then they call it, then people do it, then they dump it when other people are in it and then they make the profit, then the stock drops and the people that bought it lose or vice versa if it's a short. You can Google it online and read what a pump and dump in stocks are. People have bad reputations for doing this. Some people are unaware of that. I didn't get into that conversation today with Anna Kay, but the fact is that in a stock like Apple, you never have something like that happen because no one individual will be able to move the stock. Now, one fund might move the stock in a big position if they buy it or sell it, but it would still have to be a massive position for one fund to do that. And while that's plausible and possible, it's not something that happens at all, rarely at all. And if it does, you see it anyways before it even happens in the moment. So long story short, the fact is that pump and dumps happen in low float stocks and penny stocks. And it's one of the reasons it's very dangerous for people to trade them. And it's also dangerous for people to trade stocks at this price point. It's dangerous for people to trade stocks that don't have any length of data time. Okay. And it's very dangerous for people to take 50,000 shares or 20,000 shares or 10,000 shares or 100,000 shares of a stock like this that barely moves or trades.  And there are many, many, many, many, many, many, many minutes in this. This is a one minute chart with the stock barely moved at all or had ticks or didn't move. Here's one show from 1243 to 1244. Look at that. In 60 seconds in 1244, the stock didn't move. Here's another one up here, 1246. It didn't even move. Look at that here, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there. I mean, they're all over the place. This is so dangerous to trade this. And I know the companies out there promoting to trade these stocks and actually calling them as trades. Okay. If you want to become a professional trader and do this and really take it seriously and make any money at all, let alone a lot of money. I'm talking about any money with any consistency.    You shouldn't be long this. You shouldn't be short it.  So Anna, Anna Kay, I hope did not get filled in this. I think the last conversation was that she did not. I hope she did not get filled in this. I hope she did not go along this time. I hope that she did not do it. I don't know. Anyways, that's the tip of the day and the lesson for the day. The stock switch tip of the day is don't trade crap. And hopefully, Anna Kay will join my services and do the class and learn how to trade right because this is absolute crap. So hopefully, she stayed safe today. Anyways, that's the lesson of the day, people. Have a great night. Next golden gag class is June 8th and 9th. Have a good day.


Hey guys, what's up? This is East Side Steve of East Side Show SCP, and it's time for another SCP Discussion video. This question is about, what is your favorite SCP Series 1 article? For me it's kind of a no-brainer, SCP-093, as I've said many times before. Like I love the story, I love how everything just comes together, and it has like this mystical world about it, which is something I really do enjoy. I love, you know, portals to other worlds, and know they're my kind of favorite SCPs in general, and well, any kind of story thing in general. Just reply in the comments section about what is your favorite SCP Series 1 article, and probably why if you would like to. I'd love to hear what people think about their favorite SCPs, and also their favorite articles in general, you know?


It's DDK, and I'm back today with another video. True shots you've been tuning in. If you are not subscribed, go ahead and smash that subscribe button. Give me a thumbs up and do not skip those ads. Before we get to this video, guess what? I just checked right now. 64.9% of you that are watching this video at this moment right now are not subscribed. Go ahead and smash that subscribe button for me. This is by far the best gig tube channel on YouTube. So if you wanna be apart, go ahead and smash that subscribe button. I don't know what's gonna happen today, but I do know that it's hideous outside. Look at it. It is very ugly. Guess what I wanna do? I wanna be at home right now chilling and relaxing. But either way, go. We about to get to this door and we gonna start off with order number one about to have some fun. Order number one is Chick-fil-A, baby. Two miles for $6. We're hollow, we here to pop our collar. Let's go. We are here at Chick-fil-A, baby. Hey, we got another one. DoorDash came in. 6.5 miles for 10, 25, six islands. I can't do it, baby. This is our order. Yup, this is our order. Can't do it, baby. Let's go. This order to get an order. They told me to call and guess what? That joint went straight to voicemail. So I don't know. Maybe there's him right here. Hello. I'm gonna have a delivery for Chase S. Okay, thank you. Alrighty, you guys have a good one. Thank you, you too. Order number two. Guess what we about to do? We about to deliver. You gotta be on like that. We're leaving like you could be in the back seat and give it, give it, give it. The place we're picking up from is on the border. The order cost is 150.33. Estimated distance is 7.2 miles. Drive time, 15 minutes. And we will receive a minimum payment of $28.50. Enough money to pay the rent. If you are not signed up for delivery there, you might wanna go on the description and sign up, baby. We're here on the border. It's time to get busy. I'm glad you guys are with me. Let's go. We in this zone, baby. I'll take out the girl so we can shut her right quick. Last time I had to go over here. I don't know where to guide. Last time he was over here. So I guess I just wait right here, baby. How you doing, boss? How you doing, boss? I'm gonna have an easy catering order to pick up. You all right, brother? Thank you very much.  Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. With the ice, too. They got the whole set up, they ain't carrying on. They're the whole thing. I gotta take this. Just make sure we got the right one. Oh, okay.  We're about to get busy right quick. Grab this. Let's go.   I'm gonna have to put this in both one hand. It's time for us to get these bench. Let's go. How you doing, sir? I'm gonna have an easy catering order to deliver. Oh, you do? Yes, sir. Do you need a signature or anything? Oh, no. I just have to set it up and then take a photo of it. Sure. And the ice spit, you guys have the drinks with the ice, too. Is there any specific way you want me to put anything or? I don't think so. However, you need to take a photo of it. Okay. Want me to film? I am good to go. I'm outta here. All right, thanks so much. Thank you. So, there's the bowl. Yeah, right out there. Right to my left. All right, thank you, sir. You have a good one. You too. Order number three. Oh, drill, y'all. We just pulled up the Popeyes to get busy. Popeye's two items, 5.6 miles for 9.15. We're about to get this green. Let's go. We are here at... Look at that chicken, Popeye. They're joint. Pat. What, people? Everywhere in the zone.  Change of plans. As you guys can see, that joint was extra packing. When I was in there, guess what happened? This popped up. Chick-fil-a-bay-bay. 1.2 miles for 751. Y'all know I'm about to pull up and get that done. We're about to have us a little fall. Let's go. Chick-fil-a-bay-bay. Hey, hey. What the good bit is, Zane? I don't think I ordered it. Let's see. Oh, that's what I'm talking about, Zane. That was a good, that was a good switch. You're the only one there. Let's go. Here's joint. This Chick-fil-a-bay-bay. It said, leave it at the door and do not ring the door bell. Oh, that's good. He gets work done on the house. Hello. How you doing? I'm doing great. There you go. Thank you so much. You're welcome. You have a great one. You too. Let's go. Order number four is Rodey Rodey Rodey with a dab of ranch. Home Depot, seven miles for 1486. We here. We're about to go over here and get in the mix. Let's go. As you guys can see, I guess they got a Christmas tree. Let's go. Don't you be silly. A shot on my white way from Gurney. We made us a killer. I don't know if it's Christmas tree, baby. It's almost Christmas. Hello. Got it? Firmah? You're welcome. Alrighty, you have a good one. Order number five, we are at Walmart to pick up the prize. Walmart, 5.5 miles for 1705. It's a great time to be allowed. I'm just keeping it real with you guys. We are taking a chance taking this order because it's a grocery order. So I don't know what it's going to be, but we're here to get busy. Let's go. He's in his bag right here. Y'all are super busy, huh? Yeah. What do you want the dog to say? I'll just put it back here. I'm gonna put it. Yeah. I'm gonna move this other bag up the way. You can just put it right here. Appreciate you, boss. Y'all, if it's order to get in order, guess what? On our way here, we got another order.  It does say, do not knock on the door because they're crazy dogs. Come on, come on. Hello. How you doing? Yes, ma'am. It's okay. I can carry it for you. Okay, no problem. I can help you out. No problem. That's how getting old, you know? I just turned 81 this past. 81, 81. You don't look at it at all. You know, but sometimes my body says different, you know? Well, keep it going. Doing great things. You have a great day, ma'am. You're welcome. Order number six. We are back in the car to get in the mix. Burger King, 5.1 miles for 1160 RRP Nipsey, let's go. BK, clappin' A-B-B, A-B-B. A-B-B, A-B-B, A-B-B. Yeah, that's ma'am. Thank you, you have a great day. You too. Okay, let's go. We are here to drop this order to get an order, so they gonna meet us at the front door. So you have to come. Want to come out? Hello, here you go. Thank you. You're welcome. Here you go. You have a good one. That's good. And just like that, it is the end of the video. I hope you guys enjoyed the content. Man, today we only made 87.52. Both of us got kicked out of DoorDash. Hey, Tony, I don't know what's going on over there, baby, but both of us got kicked out of DoorDash. And it was like, I called him when he was about to kick me out the first time because it was just, I went on Uber Eats. I'm looking on Uber Eats in DoorDash, right? Next thing you know, it just jumped to four minutes. And if I want to click back on it, guess what? That joint would kick me out, baby. But I don't, to be honest, this could be JVL with y'all cause, look. This is my honest opinion on the gig apps. Well, DoorDash at least. To me, to be honest, in my area, it seems like DoorDash is dying down a lot, man.  I'm just gonna tell you the truth. We have to schedule every day. And then when we schedule, most of the time, it's not open until 11 a.m. So we can't get up and get a yard hand, get busy that fast because we gotta wait till 11. Then they've been trying to kick us out and everything. And sometimes they don't have any things open after that. So we, so today we only got from 11.30 to 1.30, that's it. But we made 87.52, which is not that bad. I'm cool with that, baby. I hope you guys enjoyed the video.  We don't keep on giving them a reason. I'll see you guys on the next one. We going, we going, we flowing. You already know the DDK and I'm on my way.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com, coming at you with 2017-18 Panini Donner's Optic Basketball Salo Pack, a super value rack pack. This is a random team break number 15, and at the end of the break we're going to re-randomize everybody's names and then we'll give away the final 10 spots with an opulence break and then we'll do a one box break of opulence in a separate video. But first the break, big thanks to these folks for getting into it. There are the teams right there. Let's roll it. We're going to re-randomize it three and a one four times for each list, one, two, three, and four. After four times we've got Sean down to Sean. Three and a one four times for the teams, one, two, three, and a one, four at the ball in time. Celtics down to Pelicans. Celtics, well not the Pelicans, it's not the team we want this year, 17-18 I forgot about that. But the Celtics is who you want Sean, there you go, Celtics up there. Among some other teams in 2017-18 here's the first half of the list right here, and there's the second half of the list right there. Of course the whole point of this is really to give away those opulence spots, a chance to get opulence spots for a fraction of the price. No trade windows, let's just print and rip, let me get to that opulence. Jeremy S in the house as well, what's up Jeremy? Almost got glued in with the top right there. Alright, so there's the final print out right here, thanks everybody, and that'll be in a separate video. Markel Fultz could be interesting, even if he looked alright in the bubble. That's still Sixer's edition for Rich, Rich F, and the exclusive to this set, the blue Velocity, we got Isaiah Thomas Cavs edition, Ran and Ingram, and Alpha Rook Aminu. There you go, and there you have it. Now let's give away those spots, let's flip back to the list. So we've got Sean down at Kevin, and everybody in between, let's roll it, let's randomize it. Snake Eyes, two times, top ten after two, one and two, easy. Now from 11 down to 30, thanks for giving this a shot, I think there's gonna be another box of opulence and probably a couple more of these Salo packs to fill up the second half, so if you want to get into that, you can give it another shot. And congrats to Rich, Jeremy, Michael, Robert, Sean, Sean, Matt, Patrick, Regimel, and Rich. So there you go, top ten are in that opulence break, coming up in a separate video. I'm Joe for jazzycasebreaks.com, I'll see you for that one, bye-bye.


Blackstone Audio presents Eugenics and Other Evils by G. K. Chesserton. This book is read by Derek Perkins, to the reader. I publish these essays at the present time for a particular reason connected with the present situation, a reason which I should like briefly to emphasize and make clear. Though most of the conclusions, especially towards the end, are conceived with reference to recent events, the actual bulk of preliminary notes about the science of eugenics were written before the war. It was a time when this theme was the topic of the hour, when eugenic babies, not visibly very distinguishable from other babies, sprawled all over the illustrated papers, when the evolutionary fancy of Nietzsche was the new cry among the intellectuals, and when Mr. Bernard Shaw and others were considering the idea that to breed a man like a cart-horse was the true way to attain that higher civilisation of intellectual magnanimity and sympathetic insight which may be found in cart-horses. It may therefore appear that I took the opinion too controversially, and it seems to me that I sometimes took it too seriously. But the criticism of eugenics soon expanded of itself into a more general criticism of a modern craze for scientific officialism and strict social organisation. And then the hour came when I felt, not without relief, that I might well fling all my notes into the fire. The fire was a very big one and was burning up bigger things than such pedantic quackeries. And anyhow, the issue itself was being settled in a very different style. Scientific officialism and organisation in the state which had specialised in them had gone to war with the older culture of Christendom. Either Prussianism would win and the protest would be hopeless, or Prussianism would lose and the protest would be needless. As the war advanced from poison gas to piracy against neutrals, it grew more and more plain that the scientifically organised state was not increasing in popularity.  So I thought all I had written irrelevant and put it out of my mind. I am greatly grieved to say that it is not irrelevant. It has gradually grown apparent to my astounded gaze that the ruling classes in England are still proceeding on the assumption that Prussia is a pattern for the whole world. If parts of my book are nearly nine years old, most of their principles and proceedings are a great deal older. They can offer us nothing but the same stuffy science, the same bullying bureaucracy and the same terrorism by tenth rate professors that have led the German Empire to its Sample complete. Ready to continue?