Good morning and welcome to BC 201 course on Christian history and missions. Today we are covering on chapter 8 which talks about the pursuit of revival the cry for a visitation and more of God. So can I request one of us to turn to Matthew chapter 11 verse 22. Matthew chapter 11 verse 22. Matthew chapter 11 verse 22. But I tell you it will be more bearable for chaiyur and siddhu on the day of judgment than we. Matthew chapter 11 verse 12. From the days of John the Baptist until now the kingdom of heaven has been forcefully advancing and forceful men lay hold of it. Thank you. Thank you so much. Thank you. So what happens is in Matthew 11 12 we see that from the days of John the Baptist until now the kingdom of heaven suffers violence. The violence taken by force. So suffering is not something new to the kingdom of God but then it has been there from long back. But what we are talking about here is during the time of revival, during the time of suffering that each individual look up to God and cry out in prayer. The sovereign Lord moves. He works on behalf of us. Revival is something that we cannot manufacture that no man can manufacture or produce it but then the Lord moves by himself. So today as we are going to study like how the pursuit of revival or how the visitation of God and the move of God can take place among us when we seek Him. So let's begin the session with the word of prayer. Can I request one of y'all to please start the class with the word of prayer. Aradhana would you like to pray? John would you like to pray please? Sure, let's pray. Father we thank you for this time Lord. The Ambulances once again as we are going to learn today about pursuit of revival. We pray that you would increase the desire in our heart and help us to focus on your ways Lord Jesus. We pray that this session would be really helpful for each one of us and we would be able to apply this in our lives. We submit past with your hand. We pray that you would anoint her with your voice, with your words Lord Jesus that we will be able to know the secrets of your heart Lord. Thank you Lord. In Jesus name we pray. Amen. Amen. Amen. Thank you. Thank you John. Okay. So as we see that the sovereign work of God and the move of God that no man can do but then all we can do is prepare away. So how do we prepare? God always responds to our cry, to a hunger from our heart. So we need to prepare our heart and cry out to the Lord for a revival. This was, this is what in the story in Wesley Deville says revivals are the sovereign working of God but they are always related to the obedience of God's people. I repeated revivals are the sovereign working of God but they are always related to the obedience of God's people. So what we see is we need to pursue God with persisted heart. We need to have this hunger and burn and passion for God, for more of God. But we seek Him consistently. When we seek Him persistently to see the Lord Himself moves. The Lord responds to that cry. The Lord responds to that hunger from the from our heart. We see Jeremiah 29 11. Can I request one of y'all to please read Jeremiah 29, 13, 29, 13. And you will seek me and find me. And when you search for me with all your heart. Amen.  So this is what God is affirming us that God would not hide from His people when they search for more of Him. They would not suffer under the dark sense that God could not find each of us. So when we seek God, God reveals Himself. This is the hope that God is giving us that we have seen throughout revival throughout the history of revival when we went through whenever people came together when they seek God earnestly through prayer actually showed up in a greater glory. Isn't it? So it is not that God is holding Himself back, but then He always responds to our hunger, responds to our thirst when we seek God earnestly. So pursuing God and how we can pursue God, pursue God through prayer, through worship. And we should also understand that word of God is the key to revival. So any number of people come together when the sea came with all their heart, all their mind seeking God for revival. You see there's a revival being birthed in that place. So it's very simple. When we draw ourselves on, it draws itself to us. This is the promise that He wills that promise. When He sees me, He will find it. You cannot hold back and ask more of it because this is the desire of God to seek Him more than us. We see that in the book of Isaiah chapter 62 verse 1 to 7. Isaiah 62 verse 1 to 7. It's so important for us to stir ourselves that we may seek God from inside out earnestly because our heart attitude is much important for God because God is our God who does not look at the man at his outward appearance or with his words, but God looks at the condition of our heart. What is our heart attitude says? If any of you have turned to Isaiah 62, may I request you all to please read verse 1 to 7. Isaiah chapter 62 verse 1 to 7. Isaiah chapter 62 verse 1 to 7. For zeal say, I will not keep silent. For Jerusalem say, I will not remain quiet.  The nations will see your righteousness and all kings you're glory. You will be called by a new name that the mouth of the Lord will bestow. You'll be a crown of splendor in the Lord's hand, a royal terrygem in the hand of your God.  As a young man marries a maiden, so will be your sons marry you.  I have posted a watchman on your wall over Jerusalem. They will never be silent day or night. You who call on the Lord, give yourself notice and give him notice till he establishes Jerusalem and makes her the praise of the earth. Man. It's very beautifully the book of Isaiah, it goes to the cross. The Zion's sake I will not hold my peace. For Jerusalem's sake I will not rest until a righteousness goes forth as brightness and the salvation as lamb fat. It's very beautiful. Zion is nothing but God's people. And Jerusalem is the city of God. And here these two are representative of the church in the New Testament as we see in the scriptures in the book of Hebrews and also the epistle of first Peter. So here we see prophet Isaiah is so passionate about the people of God. So we need to understand you take up any five full ministry office. God is calling the people into ministry is to be passionate for the people. We need to have heart to the people. So here you see the prophet Isaiah is passionate about the people of God. And here he says, though earlier he declared about God's glory in Isaiah 60. And here he is saying he is also aware of the forthcoming destruction that's going to come upon the God's people through the captivity of Babylonians. But here, despite of all this, prophet Declare's that he will contend to see Zion is is is promising the people of Israel is promising that is promising that you belong to God. You are God's people.  Despite of yourself. You will stay under captain. But then when you repent, God will release you. God will restore you. God will bring you back to the promised land Jerusalem is declaring that promise over Zion over God's people saying that you will be restored back to the city of God. In verse one, again, he says for Zion's sake for Jerusalem's sake. Are we passionate about our church? We the leaders of the church, God was called to God is who has raised you as an elect in each location and the place where you are. You are that Zion. You are God's people. You are the elect. You are called to that five-fold ministry. Despite which ministry which office you have been called for your ministry is to do is to serve people. So despite which office we are called, we need to have the heart and compassion over people. So in that aspect, prophet Isaiah is asking, you know, he's comforting despite that, you know, God revealed the destruction, the captivity about the people of Israel, but then he's declaring the restoration that God will restore his people because he loves them. The same way, are we carrying the passionate about our church? Do we want to see a church been restored back to what God desires it to be? Are we looking at each individual as God's child and seeing God's will, God's purpose to be fulfilled in their life? Are we praying about it? Are we discussing with people of God? Are we restoring the plan that God has for them in their life? Are we is a heart after people? Just like how the heart of God is after people? In verse one, we also see that I will not keep quiet. I will speak up. I will not rest. Can we take it on our side that we will not stop speaking, not to rest till we see the church, the individual that ministry has been restored to what God wanted it to be. How the church is intended it to be. So what do we need to do? Simple. This is what the Lord is asking each of us to do. Get into the presence of God and claim and pray for each individual for your ministry leaders, for your church, for your ministry to be restored back, come back to the purpose of the intent what God intended it to be. So if we don't give up in the process like how in verse six to seven it says watch men don't keep quiet, don't keep silent, give God no rest. Can we get into a time of prevailing prayer where we will not give up till we see the church been restored, till we see our prayers been answered, till you see the individual been transformed. Let us stir others, but not just for ourselves. Let's see, look out for the like-minded people who carry the same passion, who has the same heart for people for ministry, for church, share it, stir their heart so that we can get along together to pray. So those who will not keep quiet and will pray to the Lord until and unless the prayer has been answered. Because this is the condition of heart that God is expecting each of us to carry when we are praying for revival. Revival will happen when we revive each other. First we need to revive ourselves and revive each other and you see automatically when we continue to pray you see the revival happens because Reformation prepares the way for revival and revival is the result of the restoration of church that spurs the mission that gives gives a way for church to grow. So pursuing this personal revival when we focus our self is a heart pursuing an intimacy that God is a heart um thirsting for more of God. Or are we compromising in any area when we when we search and look into a heart just like how the psalmist searched his heart and prayed asking God God created me a clean heart and it made me pleasing to you. We also see uh in the uh the revival's Charles Finney says revival as this revival is the coming of the inexpressible sweet and tender spirit of God into the mid-surface people with convicting and transforming power. The outpouring of God's spirit is the divine aspect of revival while the preparation of the heart is apart while the preparation of the heart is apart. When we do our part you see God do his part by pouring out the spirit we need to ask God create in us a clean heart that we may pray we may seek more of you and us. When we have this as our prayer you see God do great and mighty things to revive us and also set us as a spark to be to birth a revival in and through us as we seek ourselves as we seek ourselves setting a heart right unto God when you know what pleases God is a humble heart only an humble heart can submit to God can surrender to God completely. Revival usually happens when we repent repent is not something you know that uh you repent of what you did of the the very act that you're committed it's not that repent means something that you know you're you're turning your whole life and saying Lord I displease my life that I lived in here I want to live according to your will this is a complete surrender it's a U-turn saying Lord I don't want to live a life I don't lead a life that was away from you here there's a complete surrender complete dependence on God a humble heart is willing to accept the responsibility of wrongdoing every failure every wrongdoing you're willing to come friend of God and repent and ask God God help me to overcome and a humble heart is one that surrenders and heals to God's instruction and God's will so we see that a humble heart is one that is utterly dependent on God it has no confidence on itself it has there's no credit that it takes on its skills or talents but it gives all glory unto God so we need to come to a place where completely surrendering Lord I surrender myself into you because I want to be one with you I want to abide in you and you in me so that I can be fruitful in your kingdom because any work in God's kingdom cannot be done by man or by man's ability alone because it's supernatural we need God into our life we need God we need to partner with God to get the God's work done we see in first chronicles chapter seven verse four states like this if my people who are called by my name will humble themselves and pray and seek my face and turn from the wicked ways then I will hear from heaven and will forgive their sin and heal their land so it is not something that you and I can do but then it is God when we call upon God born as name and humble ourselves by surrendering ourselves completely to him repent and ask God God forgive my sin forgive us in the sins of us our family our city our nation when there's an earnest cry raised up to God you see God who hears our cry forgives our sins and heals our land when he heals our land he makes it whole he makes it fruitful it like how initially it was intended to be God's plan will be fulfilled in the through us because this plan is to prosper us and give us a success so in Hosea chapter 10 verse 12 says so for yourself righteousness reap in mercy break up your follow ground for it is time to seek the Lord till he comes and reigns righteousness on you so what is that follow ground is the land that once which which was used to cultivate but now it has been abandoned left uncultivated now God is asking call so that this land that was rejected this land that has been abandoned we can plow it we can clean it and rework on it so how do we rework on it by praying worship seeking God getting ourselves cleansed seeking for purity and pursuing it and when we sow in righteousness you see we will reap the fruits of mercy that's what this verse says Lord will help us to sow in righteousness that we may reap this must and also in the same chapter when you see in Hosea in the same book Hosea chapter 7 verse 1 1 to 7 but especially verse 4 to 7 verse 4 says I will heal their backsliding no matter where we are no matter how far we would have gone away from God but when we desire for more of God with the earnest heart of seeking God you see God is promising us that he will heal us and restore us back God's healing for the backsliding he will revive us he will once again make us fruitful and he will see the hand of God upon our life God is looking at our heart that is earnestly hungry for God because God can respond to that hunger to that heart that is thirsting more of him you know our God is a God who keeps his promise he's a promise keeper because in Matthew chapter 5 verse 6 one of the big attitudes he says that blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness I repeat blessed are those who are hunger and thirst for righteousness for they shall be filled look at the promise that God is giving each of us today Hasee Singh is in revival I'm talking to you I'm talking to each individual revive yourself set things right do not look at others because set your eye on me because I look at you I call each individual your precious your beautiful I've called you by your name I've set you aside I've sanctified you I've purified you you are a vessel of honor I've called you by my name I chose you and your God is saying that when you hunger and thirst for more of God and more of his kingdom he will fulfill because he is a God is promise keeper when God fails he fails it abundantly a heart that is hunger knows how much he needs to be failed and when God pours out the spirit he will pour out the spirit at the cost of the hunger that each one have within you so we need to hunger for more of God just like how David David knew this he desired for more of God when when we read about David you see that he was never content of knowing God he always had this quench within him for you know a more of God within him he always hunger he always thirst for more of God he always had a check within himself saying Lord check my heart and set it right he always said like Lord it is better for me to be in your court than to be anywhere else he's a king he had all the liberty he had the luxury to do what he wants to do but here he chose to be in the presence of God Psalm 63 one to two says oh God you are my God early will I seek you my soul thirsts for you my flesh longs for you in a dry and thirsty land where there is no water so I have looked for you in the sanctuary to see your power and your liberty so Psalm is a person like you know God God have said David is a man after my own heart how did God say this to David there were so many other people there were many prophets and kings many man of God but God looked at David and he said he's a man after my own heart because he had captured the essence of God he had known the nature of God and he carried the nature of God within himself yearning for more of God yearning for more of God despite the times in his good times and in his bad times he seeked and thirsted for more of God within him David sought the Lord earnestly and intently all the days of his life all the days even in Psalms 27 verse 4 he says one thing I have desired of the Lord that will I seek that I may dwell in the house of the Lord all the days of my life we hold the beauty of the Lord and inquire in his ample this is the desire now David is not saying something for the sake of writing a song no it's his heart's desire you know we cannot pretend friend of God isn't it God looks at the heart he's not a God who looks at our words but he looks at our heart attitude this was the earnest desire that David had to seek God all his heart and here God is looking for people who are passionate and persistent after him we also see the book of James chapter 5 verse 16 to 18 James chapter 5 verse 16 to 18 confess your trespasses to one another and pray for one another that you may be healed the effective fervent prayer of a righteous man avails much Elijah was a man with a nature like us and he prayed earnestly that it would not rain and it did not rain on the land for three years and six months and he prayed again and the heaven gave rain and the earth produced its fruits so you see Elijah being a man like you and me demonstrates the the power of God through his prayer how because through his life he had an intimate relationship with God he persisted God even in his prayer you see he has a passionate heartfelt and a persistent prayer till he see the result he never gave up we also are very familiar with the story of what happened at Mount Carmel as Elijah prayed for rain it was God who expressed his will that he was going to send the rain on the earth because it was God who expressed his will Elijah just didn't stop saying okay God has expressed it he will do it why should I pray no Elijah prayed because Elijah knew when a natural when a man in his natural sense he prays God responds God responds the same way when you and I are up in natural but when we go with this intense passionate persistent prayer God responds because he's the same God the same God who was with David who was with Elijah is the same God with us when we get on to our knees and pray persistently you see the Lord is a God who hears every cry every whisper he's much closer than our breath when we get on to our knees and pray you see Lord here's our prayer and this is what happens in revival when we pray God moves we also see in the New Testament Gospel of Luke chapter 18 verse 1 to 8 Gospel of Luke chapter 18 verse 1 to 8 we see that the Lord Jesus taught us to pray consistently without giving up he says we must have this heart that remains consistent in its request unwilling we should come to a place like Lord I'm not ready to give up I'm not ready to stop I want to see my prayer been answered so God desires to answer people's prayer when we are consistent just like how in the Old Testament we see Jacob did not give up he knew it was an angel no way he would compare himself with angel no way he can fight with the strength of supernatural strength but then he never gave up because he never gave up he was persistent in saying that until and unless this until and unless God blessed me I will not let go you know because of his very nature of receiving this blessing you see God changed his very name from Jacob to Israel as easily wept and sought for the favor of God we should also do in the book of Hosea 124 he says like how Jacob engaged with God that night physically there's no match human comparing with the angel who has a supernatural strength no way same way when we have this persistent prayer we cannot compare ourselves with God but then when we pray it is God or desires when you pray I will answer when you pray God kind of pray I will answer now how do we know how to pray God kind of pray Romans 826 to 28 when we he's saying like I will pray in and through you the spirit himself will groan in and through us it will raise pray that will please God it will raise pray that is as for the will of God for God's plan God's purpose to be fulfilled in and through us so all we need to do is partner with God and pray when we have this heart for the people of God for the city of God for the nation of God we will prevail in prayer we will align ourselves to the plan of God we will align ourselves to the purpose of God see when we align ourselves with the plan and purpose of God everything changes our heart attitude changes it becomes it becomes more compassionate towards people whereas as a natural man it would not be a natural man's heart will look out for vengeance for people's mistake but here God says in Matthew 1440 when you see whenever God looked at people he moved with compassion and whenever word in the gospel when you read whenever Jesus moved with compassion you see it landed up or it ended up when same miracle signs wonders happened there so even today when we pray on behalf of everyone you see our heart changes our heart moves with compassion of God so what is very important here prayer because prayer is the key to revival prayer is the key to bring change among people prayer is the key to bring heaven down on this earth so what we need to restore back is the prayer a prayer like that is pleasing God so some of the guide some of the points that has been listed in our notes for us to heal the Holy Spirit when we are focused on leading a time of prayer there are certain points that may be helpful as we prepare ourselves to revive us to be that spark of revival in our city and nation six points I just read out a few points and you can make a note and as we make a note it's not something that we need to make a note in our book and Bible to remember but this is something that we need to apply within ourselves and say Lord help this attitude to be in my heart that I may revive myself the very first point is prayer for repentance all these points are there in your notes we are on page 117 page 117 it says first point prayer of repentance very important we need to consecrate ourselves we need to heal ourselves by surrendering ourselves to the plan of God asking Lord and repent and reject the light that I led before and here I want to lead my life that is pleasing to you consecrated point two talks about prayer for more of God and the great outpouring of the spirit pray for more of God and for a great outpouring of the spirit so we need to express our hunger and the longing for more of God because we desire to know and experience God more than ever before we should come to a place like we are not content with how much God has revealed to us so as you know it is one of the promises I extracted to versatility where God has promised to pour out his spirit and all during the last days when he says all on all flesh everyone there's no age God didn't say I'm going to pour out spirit only on the pastors the leaders and ministry people but then he says on everyone including our children and in Zechariah was chapter 10 verse 1 he says that he has told us to ask for rain in time of lattering so when we pray and ask you see God pour out the spirit even in the time when it is not so God to pour out the spirit in a increasing measure more of the lattering the third point here we see is prayer for the manifestation of the glory and power of God prayer for the manifestation of glory and the power of God we see that God desires for his house to be filled with this glory because it's God's desire he wants to see his people filled with this glory so this should be our prayer saying Lord we used to maybe seek God's glory on us upon each one of us upon your people just as the disciples prayed in act chapter 4 we also should pray and ask God to do to do signs and wonders in and to us because that's the expression of God's glory and fourth point is prayer for the salvation of the lost this should be our thirst as well we need to cry out to God for the Holy Spirit to move powerfully in and to us among the community of people so when we pray and ask when we minister we see that the people are convicted of their sin come to the knowledge of the saving grace of God come to the knowledge of Christ then Jesus died on the cross and they receive him as a Lord and Savior so that the lost souls can be saved this is one of the key point in our revival when we pray a signs wonders miracles all that is part of it but most important and the greatest miracle that we need to consider is one receiving Jesus as the Lord and Savior because in this very moment heaven rejoices because our soul has been added to the kingdom of God point five we see that prayer for the transformation of the community we need to pray for God's kingdom to be released in the community in the way Isaiah describes it in Isaiah 26 chapter 26 verse 90 says with my soul I have desired you in the night yes by my spirit within me I will see you early for when your judgments are on the earth the inhabitants of the world will love righteousness so we need to pray and ask God because it is God's will that the city the church the community transforms when we say transform there's a true repentance from the heart revival brought transformation the city the community there was a true discipline they were they had the fear of God in them so what is most required in the revival is the fear of God when we have fear of God you see lives are been transformed lives have been transformed community has been transformed last one the sixth point is exercise kingdom authority and dominion exercise kingdom authority and dominion matthew 16 chapter 16 verse 18 and 19 says and I also say to you that you are Peter on this rock I will build my church and the gates of hate shall not prevail against it and I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven and whatever you bind or not will be bound in heaven and whatever you lose on earth will be lost in heaven so what is this the church has been bested in authority on this side it's great and declare this because God himself has given us the authority to bind on earth will be bound in heaven whatever you lose on earth will be lost on heaven because God has given us the keys of the kingdom of heaven so we need to declare so that we can advance the kingdom of God in our community we need to declare against the darkness against the people who are you know objecting from the king from the enhancing the kingdom of God and we need to call people and do this God's marvelous light so how do we do it in matthew chapter 9 verse 14 and 15 we see that the Lord Jesus said that one of the practices of the friends of the bridegroom when the bridegroom is awake is that they will fast in that period they will fast in that period so here we see that we are called to fast and pray earnestly seek God God may thy kingdom come and I will be done on this earth so one of the book that we would like to suggest you for this fasting and pray where we can throw wail in our spirit and pray is take a note of this book name shaping history through prayer and fasting by Derek Prince I repeated shaping history through prayer and fasting by Derek Prince where it highlights on these three points following the prayer and fasting where it says the first point says fasting intensifies prayer fasting intensifies prayer the second point talks about fasting brings deliverance and victory fasting brings deliverance and victory third point says fasting prepares for God's lattering fast prepares for God's lattering so this is an importance for fasting fast and pray forget us of this place we have to seek God the purpose of the latter reign in the book of Joel chapter 2 verse 23 is the outpouring of the spirit this is what he says in chapter 2 verse 28 that you know I will pour out my spirit upon people and 29 talks about consecrate a fast call a sacred assembly gather the elders and all the inhabitants of the land into the house of God Lord your God and cry out to the Lord we also see in you know so we need to get into this search of God we need to get into this you know a place where we search God with prayer and fasting because God has already promised a great outpouring and many more blessings when we do it so how do we get into it we need to engage and pursue more of God in our life so that we can see God's power work in and through us we should be a people will not give up but then we will partner with God with this intimate love because in the book of Ecclesiastus chapter 4 verse 9 to 12 it teaches us two are better than one so what is what is it we are going to say that two are better than one because they have a good reward for their labor for if they fall one will lift up his companion but old to him who's alone when he falls for he has no one to help him up again if two lie down together they will keep warm but how can one be warm alone though one may be overpowered by another two can let's get him and the third fold God is not quickly broken so what it means here is God is asking us to call upon people do just pray for a revival alone but look off the light-minded people when there are many people there is power there's power when everyone prays with one for one voice and pray for God's revival to take place okay so we need to create this environment before we could create an environment we need to create a heart condition set it right so that our prayer our heart attitude will be a sweet smelling aroma unto God and God who listens to our prayer will answer it okay so with that we will end the session with the word of prayer here God I lift up each one of us Lord into your hand Lord as we seek you with all our heart all of mine we pray that you will revive us Lord revive us Lord Jesus thank you Father for setting the heart right just like how the psalmist looked up to you and cried out Lord create in me a clean heart create in me a clean heart Lord Jesus Lord I pray that each of us here in our plans so far that we pray that create in us a clean heart Lord Jesus that we may look up to you Lord I pray that you are a God who looks at each of our heart Lord our heart is friend of you our heart attitude is friend of you Lord I pray that you clean our heart uproot everything that does not belong to you and your kingdom yes Lord Jesus set our heart right pour out your spirit upon us Lord Jesus renew our heart and pour out your spirit so that our heart may be right friend of you that may please your father that it may bring a revival within us that may revive us and bring a spark of revival in the place where we are the prayer that we are praying for our church our community Lord I pray that you will change us to be that person to be that person who will work career of your presence career of your revival Lord thank you Father thank you Lord Jesus Lord I pray that you will create in our heart that we our heart yearns and thirsts for more of you Lord Jesus thank you Lord let this be our prayer Lord let us not be content in the place where we are but then we help us to seek you and more of your Father Lord as we pray in all our weaknesses I pray that you will reign our Father Lord I pray that you will give us this earnest desire just like the psalmist Lord where we can wake up early and seek you or Lord seek your face alone or Father knowing that you are a God God all powerful God Almighty Lord thank you for more of you in us Lord Jesus in February amen amen thank you so much for joining today's session God bless you all next class that bless hopefully next class should be our last class thank you God bless we are completing our potions yeah thanks thank you so much my pastor thank you so much man thank you you know thank you good okay so next class I will also give an assignment we will have enough of time to complete assignment yeah thank you God bless


The USO at Fleet Activity Sassabo is in the title of Top USO in the Pacific. Over the past 75 years, the USO has been providing a support to our military members. Really a little touch of home. The USO Sassabo is just an epitome in terms of the center and what we're able to provide. And so I'm very proud that USO Sassabo was selected as the best center in the Pacific region this year. We're trying to give this up. It feels outstanding. This is the first time USO Sassabo has ever won this award. I think it came from staying in touch with our customers, families and the community here in Sassabo. Working with the volunteers, providing organization for the volunteers within their commands and just trying to stay relevant. With such an amazing staff, it's no wonder the USO here in Sassabo is the number one in the Pacific. Petty Officer Austin Grimm, Fleet Activities Sassabo, Japan.


Did you guys ever think about raising capital or was it just a function of you guys had maybe saved some up and just decided to use that and go for profitability right away? We started our business with our savings. So Sarah and I invested 25K each in the beginning and investment was not really a priority for us because our thought was that if we're able to deploy this capital in a strategic way and really grow our business by using creative methods like reaching out to editors and tapping into our social media and really trying these different avenues to grow awareness and revenue of a brand, then we would be able to make it work and turn a profit in time to be self-sustaining. Shark Tank at the time wasn't really because of a financial need. It was more to, I mean, we were huge fans of the show, still are. And we wanted to find a strategic advisor and partner that could help us. And that's really what propelled us to go on the show. Plus, just the fact that it's just an incredible platform for entrepreneurs. And so a lot of people think that we are funded by Shark Tank post the show. But actually, we amicably parted ways after accepting a Robert's offer initially on the show. And I think it was the best decision for both of us. Did you ever, do you keep in touch with them? Or I know you guys were on QVC. And so are those relationships still something that you guys tap into? Or was it just, all right, cool. We've had many companies. I think most of the companies that have come on our podcast have gone through Shark Tank. I would say most of them didn't accept at the end. And so during like the DD process, they broke up. Yeah. I mean, it was an incredible experience. We couldn't have asked for more. We actually aren't in touch with any of the sharks. But I will say it was a life changing experience for both of us and the business. It happened actually right around December, right before the holiday rush, which is also incredible timing for us. That helps a lot. It helped a lot. We had to descend on our Brooklyn warehouse and all pack day and night just to meet the demand. But overall, just having that opportunity to have these incredible business people dissect your business for a full hour for you and ask you pointed questions and not provoking questions was just in itself an incredible experience. So you mentioned that you were looking primarily for a financial advisor of sorts by going on the show. And from what we know, I know that you are never aware of who the shark is going to be or who the sharks are going to be until you get onto the show.  What was that like for you guys going on the show and Laurie? Yeah. And who would that have been? I mean, Robertson cyber security, the alignment there is non existent in my view. Yeah. I mean, no one's ever asked this question. So this is really interesting. If you ever have seen our episode, you'll actually see that it's very obvious because we were we both were trying to make eye contact with Mark Cuban. And we kept asking him again if he's interested. I did see that. You were like, we want to see and wait what Mark has in store. Honestly, looking back, you know, we made it almost too obvious. But, you know, if you watch, you can't deny that he was initially our top choice. You never know. I mean, to your point, you never are aligned or anything. You don't even know how like which sharks specifically are even going to sit on that specific day because there's multiple and they take turns. And obviously we admire and respect all of the sharks. But we were hoping to have, you know, potentially some female sharks as well because they might understand beauty a little bit more. And then, of course, we were huge fans of Mark Cuban. So that's how we went in and we ended up shaking hands with Robert. And he was fantastic. He was so passionate about our company. So in that vein, I know that you got offers from, I believe it was Mr. Wonderful, Barbara and Robert. I'm pretty sure that it was like Barbara and Mr. Wonderful offered you somewhere in the range of what you were asking for. But at around 45 to 50 percent equity. And then I think Robert came in at around 30 or something like that. In your head, what were you willing to go to? What were like the limits of what you were going to? Yeah, that's a lot of equity. What were you kind of in your head? Like, were you willing to go to it? Because I think you guys settled on like what, 25 percent? Like, was that like within your range or was at the edge of your range? It was on the higher side. Yeah, didn't we go in thinking like our initial offer was like 10 percent of the company or something. And there was a big gap. Yeah, it was a big gap. You guys look at yourself and just go, yes, like, again, when it's happening in real time, you have to agree as co-founders. And so.  And our Korean friends called us afterwards when it aired. They thought it was hilarious because we were just literally having a live discussion in front of the sharks. And then Kevin or Mr. Wonderful was actually in the background. This got edited out. Like, what are they saying? I believe they're talking right now. I'm surprised the editors didn't add subtitles to it for the broadcast. I know, I know. I mean, it was pretty like basic things. We were saying, like, are you OK with that? No, like, OK, yes, it's simple things, but all in Korean because we wanted to align before we, you know, responded at all. You're not given any time, though. I mean, you're kind of put on the spot. And we also were told from numerous resources that if you if you don't take the deal, also, you might not be on air. There were a lot of this complicated layers for us to think about in that short span of time. And obviously we were excited. We loved Robert and we wanted to make it work. So it was a big gap that we were compromising. You said that you guys walked away amicably. What was it specifically, though, that you guys couldn't come to terms with that kind of led you both to walk away? The percentage is what it seems like to me. That's a massive amount of the company to give away. So the percentage was one part of it. But I mean, we had shook hands on that. So I think to some degree made a little piece with it. It's more I think at the time, Robert was very busy with different projects, different investments. He was going on Dancing with the Stars. And there are all these other things that were happening in the back. And I think throughout our conversations, once again, our focus was really on having someone be very involved with guiding us with strategy and advice. And I think those elements weren't 100 percent aligned. But ultimately, once again, it was incredibly amicable. They are incredible partners and they would have been incredible partners, regardless, but for our business at the time, it just wasn't the right decision. Is he well versed in skincare? Like, am I am I missing something? Like, is he does he have a portfolio of companies in this world? Or was this just he liked you? No, but he's very well versed in consumer goods and DTC. And I think those elements are very transversal, regardless, especially for a digitally native brand. So there would have been some interesting synergies there. So since you didn't end up with Robert as sort of a financial advisor, was there someone else that you did eventually find to kind of fulfill that role? Outside of Shark Tank in general. Yeah, we've had numerous sort of inquiries and inbound emails and requests for meetings with investors. And I think at the end of the day for us, what's most important is to find the best strategic partner. And we have been profitable since month three of our business when we broke even very soon. So with all of the product development that we're doing, it's fueled by the profit that we're actually making from our business. So we're not necessarily in a rush. Obviously, if it's the right partner that can help accelerate our growth, then we would be very happy to partner with that person. But we're, you know, having conversations right now. Does Sephora or any of these companies have like an incubator of some kind where they have like a fund or a portfolio associated with their brand that kind of primes companies like yours for acquisition or even just for launch? Does that exist? I don't know if it's really with that particular end game in mind, but I think just Sephora, a great partnership with them helps to just elevate your awareness and you're standing in the market. And so that just naturally then segues to whatever exits brands are each planning for their own companies. Once again, we can't say enough good things about the partnership with them. And they've just been really great friends, advisors and have guided us through this process. So it's been really great partnership.


So yesterday, over dinner, Thibault said that we shouldn't heap too much praise on him. But I just cannot avoid it. It's unavoidable. You can just measure the depth and breadth of his contribution. If you look at the conference program. But there's also another Thibault, and that's the Thibault I've learned. I've gotten over 20 years of collaboration and interaction, and it's a sort of, should I say, non-physics Thibault. And I've just put up three things here. This was already mentioned, this prize-winning comic book, which is really ingenious. It's probably the best population quantum mechanics that I know of and have ever seen. Then there's this. This was only touched upon in Pierre's introduction. At least I saw something. It looked like a picture of Einstein next to a picture of Proust. And Thibault, as far as I know, is also an expert on Marcel Proust. And actually, this is a copy of a book you gave me as a present some years ago, just to tickle my interest in Marcel Proust. And now this thing has been sitting on my diet table for many years. Because Proust, as you know, it's formidable. Yesterday we had the discussion of the meaning of the word formidable. But the situation has changed a little bit because at the beginning of this year on my local radio station in Berlin, they're now reading all of Proust from beginning to end, 50 sessions of 40 minutes each in German. Yes, of course. But the thing that really sort of got me really excited is to have a feature that comes every Monday, a quarter past seven. And it's called Lust und Frust mit Proust. And this is a young lady. She does it brilliantly. She picks out certain aspects of Proust and then dissects them in a way that really makes the thing much more accessible if you just try to read it. And this also reminded me of discussions we had about the word lust because you kept asking me in connection with Rielke's epitaph because also the word lust appears. And then, you know, we had discussions on how to best translate this into French. So anyway, so this is another inspiration I got from Thibault over the years. And of course there's also music. I just remember that you were practicing the Winterreise, I guess, with Hugo Moschela, Katra Ma, and, you know, that's another summit of Western culture. Okay, let's now pass to physics. So first I want to tell you how it brought us together. And what brought us together is actually a stunning insight by our chairman, Bernard Julia, who had this conjecture in connection with maximal supergravity where they discovered the emergence of exceptional symmetries in supergravity. And then he had this staring conjecture, this is almost 40 years ago, that there would emerge something called E10 symmetry in the reduction of this theory to one dimension. Now over the years we have learned a little bit more and the way I would propose it now is the question is, is this really the symmetry underlying M-theory, this hypothetical, mythical, unified, non-perturbative unification of string theory? In which case you would have an infinite increase in the hidden symmetries of these theories and the unification of matter and gravitational degrees of freedom into a single, you know, monstrously large duality symmetry. So actually I was hooked on this idea from the very beginning, but so I think it was about 2000, I came to Paris and gave a talk and Thibault was sitting in the audience and afterwards he got to me and said, why don't we start discussing this? And so we did and then together with Marc Enneau we started working on, well, something called E10 over K10 Sigma model, never mind what it is, not worrying too much about what E10 really is. And now after 20 years I have to say we still have no idea what it is and not as anyone else. And this was the other thing he said, not too much praise, let's have a look towards the future and you know the problems that are still open. Now he has a real problem, open problem, namely to understand what this is, as Igor Frenkel always emphasizes to me, he says this is deepest mathematics. So it may take another, you know, we have to calculate in decades, for progress. Anyway, over the years the investigation revealed a number of really nice things, among other things. And first of all a crucial link with the BKL analysis of cosmological singularities, actually a fascinating link. And with this Sigma model actually a concrete proposal of what M-theory really should be because these days you hear a lot of people talking about M-theory and they never tell you what it really is. Much less give us some kind of formula that would encapsulate M-theory. And then there were many, many further results than also together with Axel Geinschmidt who is also here. So I will just, because time is short, I will just touch on some aspects of this without being complete and the intention of my talk is less to emphasize finished work because there's hardly any finished work here. But rather to emphasize what we don't know, a huge level of ignorance that's still there. So I've already mentioned BKL. So this is one aspect I want to illuminate. And I guess that Marc will also talk about this Westmark. You will talk about it. So with some things I'll be a little, a part of it rather quickly. Anyway, the core of the BKL ansatz can be encapsulated in this Karstner metric because the statement as you approach, this is about the generic behavior of Einstein's solutions. The idea here is as you approach space-like singularities is the sort of generic behavior which was analyzed by, first by Berlinski-Khalaptikov-Liftschitz, one of the greatest coverage of mathematical cosmology of the last 50 years. And the statement is somehow the main action takes place in the diagonal phase factors, scale factors, which you see in this ansatz, which is the Karstner metric. And when you substitute this ansatz into the Einstein-Hilbert action, this is what you get. It's just a free relativistic particle in a massless particle in this beta space, not in real space, but in this beta space of logarithmic scale factors. When you translate it into Hamiltonian, it's just a statement that p squared equals zero. This is something well known from elementary quantum field theory. Now, the crucial thing or one crucial observation is that the metric that you get from this action is, first of all, Lorentzian. That's one of its crucial famous features. But later, and this is the connection with E10, it turns out that this David metric coincides with the Carton-Killing metric of some indefinite-cut smoothie algebra when you restrict it to the Carton subalgebra and then you identify the Carton subalgebra actually with these scale factors. Indefinite is important here because this follows from the indefiniteness of the David metric. So that's an essential feature which comes from gravity. Now, it has turned out to be convenient to describe the motion, this relativistic motion, which in beta space is just a straight motion on null lines in the forward light cone. It's convenient to project this motion onto the unit hyperboloid in the forward light cone by means of this projection here. So we have coordinates beta. I should say that most of my talk will be for E10. That means 11-dimensional supergravity, which means 10 of these scale factors. So we now project these 10 vectors onto a 9-dimensional unit hyperboloid. And then there's this row, which is simply the length of this vector beta and the omega parameterized unit hyperboloid. And it proves convenient to choose coordinates or the lapse functions in such a way that the distance between epsilon and T equals epsilon, T equals 0, the singularity is blown up to infinity. So this is why we call this zeno time. So the singularity in this coordination is reached for row to infinity. Now, the effect of the matter degrees of freedom is of course very complicated, but there's a crucial simplification, the BKL limit, which you can study by, well, this is the language of high energy physics, integrating out matter, off-diagonal curvature, and so on, degrees of freedom. At the end of the day, this free motion, relativistic motion, is modified by potential. And in the limit towards the singularity, these potentials become sharp walls so that as a result, this particle moves on light-like lines and bounces off the walls of this chamber, which is formed by these sharp walls. So that's a very nice description of the BKL situation. And it's sort of universal, applies to all dimensions and various types of metacouplings, supergravity, whatever you. But now we want to immediately go to the quantum theory. Now, quantization is simply replacement of momentum by d by dx, and the constraint is replaced by the, well, Klein-Gordan equation. So this is what this is. And then what you get is the so-called Wieler-Witt equation. It's really like the Klein-Gordan equation, except that this H operator now acts in this beta space of scale factors. And if you now decompose the coordinates in the way I've shown before, then this D'Alembert operator has this piece, and then he has a piece depending on the Laplace-Beltrami operator on the unit hyperboloid. So you see that rho is really this radial coordinate, it's really like a time. And this is a well-known mechanism in how to extract time out of the timeless Wieler-Witt equation. Wieler-Witt equation, constraint to start with, has no time. But this is how you get time out of it by taking one of the degrees of freedom. Okay, so this is work we did like 11 years ago with Axel and my PhD students, Michael Köhne. So let's assume that we diagonalize this, first of all we factorize, separate the wave equation, and then it's an elementary exercise to work out, once you know this eigenvalue, what the wave function looks like, or the radial part of the wave function, it looks like this. So it all depends on what these eigenvalues are. Now there's a nice trick to derive an inequality on this, which I don't go through in all detail. It involves directly boundary condition, it involves using the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. And at the end of the calculation you get this inequality, where d is the number of spatial dimensions. So d would be 3 for Einstein gravity in four dimensions and 10 for a little dimensional supergravity. Now you see that this is just the combination that appears here. So what you see here, because d is greater than 2, you have the wave function decays and otherwise oscillates. And this inequality ensures that what's on the square root here is positive. So this is really, if it were negative then you might get another i and then it might destroy this behavior. But the universal behavior is here like this, it goes to zero and then it also oscillates an infinite number of times as you go towards the singularity as long as this is positive and depending on what the energy eigenvalue is. So this means that generically in this approach the wave function vanishes at the singularity. And there are already three physically important things that you can deduce from that. Because first of all this is David's original proposed mechanism for resolving classical singularities in quantum gravity. You had this idea that if you solve the wave function for the wave function of the universe it might have zero support on singular three geometries. So this is actually borne out by this example. Furthermore you're forced to a complex wave function. And this is another question. The Wheeler-DeWitt equation starts with a real equation. So where do you get complexity from? Here it's forced to be complex and in this way you create an error of time which was not there to start with.  This is a recent paper of Malcolm Perry. Now it can be a little more specific about this wave function because we have the walls. But the walls that reflect in this case, the effect of this is that the wave function has to vanish at these walls. Furthermore, because the walls are identified or determined by the wild reflections of this underlying Katsmoody of the wild group associated with this underlying Katsmoody algebra so you just have to impose these boundary conditions with a minus sign if you want directly boundary conditions. Now for E10, that's M theory. So D minus 1 is equal to 9. So we have to coordinate the unit hyperbolic and we do it in such a way that this is like the upper half plane, U plus IV which is what would be in the case of Einstein gravity. But because we are in nine dimensions, this is now what we call an octonionic upper half plane. So this is an octonion and with this you can realize the wild group in a sort of modular way which is completely analogous to the modular realization of Einstein's theory in which case you just have the usual modular group. And an important fact here is that these are the units, simple roots in E8. Here we exploit the fact that the E8 root lattice can be endowed with the structure of a non-computative and non-associative ring and these integers, these are octonionic integers, quote unquote, called octavians and then the E8 roots are simply the units of this ring. And in this way you get a sort of completely modular realization of the wild group of E8 and which means that actually the wave function of the universe is a modular kind of modular form but now with respect to this generalized modular group. Now here's another problem for the future, a proper theory of nomophic forms and this kind of group remains to be developed. These results actually can be super-symmetrized. This is an extremely simple truncation of the theory but they're already with the fermions to get into trouble because the fermionary fox space has two to the 160 components even for this utterly simple truncation. There's also work related by Thibault and Spadelle which provides further evidence for these structures but in ordinary Einstein gravity. Now, okay, so BKL's story is very nice but actually one thinks about embedding gravity into this huge structure, you also have to worry about other degrees of freedom and this is actually taken, argument taken, a paper I wrote with Thibault back in 2005 which was really about order corrections in M-theory and how they related to E10. This thing is just an appendix but I don't think this may possibly be the more important insight in this paper. Namely, formally proceeding, we take this infinite dimensional coset manifold, we formulate the geodesic deviation equation which you can look up in Weinberg's book for example. XI describes some geodesic which you take to be in the Carton subalgebra so it's just straight line and then delta XI is the deviation and this deviation equation describes the divergence of two geodesics as a function of the Riemann tensor, this is what this equation says. So you evaluate this for this huge coset and then you have to label these directions of the indices of the Riemann tensor which of course there are infinitely many. So we pick just a particular one associated with some root, there are also root multiplicity, worry about but never mind. But first of all it's negative, okay, this is a hyperbolic manifold so that's okay but the important point is that this can be made as negative as you like and this has to do with the presence of so-called imaginary roots in E10 and one result about imaginary roots is that any multiple of such a root is again a root. So by simply multiplying the root by n, any integer you get another root which means you get a factor of n squared here which means that the geodesic equation has this n squared here and then it will just deviate exponentially and no matter how small you choose the initial delta xi to be 10 to the minus 100,000 or whatever you can always pick an n large enough so that this deviates. So this suggests that the analysis for the BKL analysis close to the singularity where you just restrict to diagonal degrees of freedom is sort of fails in this much bigger context which suggests that the analysis cannot be confined to diagonal matrix but then one must take into account all the off diagonal degrees of freedom. So now we go into the realm of speculation because then you ask yourself, okay, I showed you this Klein-Gordon equation for the diagonal scale factors which gave rise to these automorphic forms and yes, we have more on this and that's already in the early work because many years ago we showed that the Bosonic Hamiltonian of or at least part of it, the Levner-Welchel supergravity theory, alias M theory and the E10-Casemia agree up to level L equals 3. I can explain what level means but let's not stop here it's just a sort of way to probe into E10 and this is a very non-trivial agreement actually. It tells you that E10 somehow knows everything about maximal supergravity and then this simply suggests why don't we simply generalize the wave function, the equation in this way where now the box is something much, much, much bigger namely the box is the E10-Casemia. Now E10-Casemia exists. You can read it in Viktor Karp's book. It's a unique expression and it's written here. Here where you have the Carton sub-algebra, this is the Weylvector and here you have the sum of all the raising generators a normal order if you like because it's something of a positive roots. This is unique. There's a unique expression for this and now the point is that actually this realization that we have you can in principle at least represent these generators by differential operators that act on the degrees of freedom, off diagonal and so on. Now this is a calculation where we'll get stuck after a few steps because with each step it gets more complicated never stops getting more complicated. So these are, this is not hardly a Gedanken calculation but anyway you can do this at low levels. What you get is a kind of Weyler-DeWitt operator for 11 dimensional supergravity. His coincides with this. And furthermore, by this prescription it will give you a definite ordering prescription. This is another problem with the Weyler-DeWitt equation that people don't know. There's no unique ordering but here it is, it's there. So this is a nice feature. However, unfortunately this cannot be the whole story because first of all beyond the matching works perfectly up to this level three. It gives you all of 11 dimensional supergravity, Weyler-DeWitt, but beyond it just stops. It just disagrees. There's no way, we haven't found in 20 years a way to fix this. So that's already a first indication. Secondly, it indicates that this doesn't include the fermions. Fermions are a crucial part of the story. So that's another thing. And finally, you know, suppose it were true. This Casimir operator is well defined on highest weight or lowest weight representations. And there you can evaluate it. It's a finite number. But then again you know that if the Casimir is zero then you expect the representation to be trivial. So that's nothing left. So the other possibility is that it's not a highest weight representation. But then you can kind of convince ourselves that this expression no longer makes sense. So it's ill-defined. So here it's sort of between Schiller and Carriptis. We have to, you know, one or two bad options. So anyways, this is not a complete story. And this is something we've been thinking about for a long time. And we now think that one will have to better understand the fermions. Because this is something I've learned over many years of working in supergravity that no matter what the problem is it's always easier to analyze if you look at the fermions. Basically because fermions obey linear equations of motion whereas bosons quadratic. So for example, if you know this whole story about consistent truncations in Kaluzzak lines here it was finally only solved because we first did it for the fermionic sector. For the bosons it's usually much more complicated. So we've been looking at the fermions spending most of our time now understanding fermions. They don't transform under E10 but under its compact subgroup which is equally difficult to understand. But there's this curious feature that only so far we only know finite dimensional unfaithful representations. These are the ones that are inherited from supergravity. So we showed that they can actually implement it as representation of the full KE10. But this is as much as we know with Axel we found two more that are beyond supergravity. And recently actually there's been some progress at least with Axel, Ralph Köhl and Robin Lautenbacher. This is this paper here because we know at least for the affine case we know infinitely many such representations we've actually I think we've understood the result that for the existence of these unfaithful representations we've shown that they can be made arbitrarily big. And this I think is also important with regard to understanding E10 because the thing that mathematicians have tried look to me at least hopeless but this is a completely different way of thinking about it where you exhaust this group by larger and larger and larger groups where all the KE10 transformations are realized but unfaithful. So maybe there's a way to construct it as a limit. But there's another idea here which you know has been on my head for a long time and maybe we may need to bosonize the fermions because while there's some hint from old work by Goddard Nam Olive from 1984 where they show that fermions in the 128 can be bosonized into 120 bosons. It's a non-abelian bosonization. So if you take the multiple of maximal supergravity 128S plus 128C, the conjugate spinor representation replace one by the adjoint of the K of E8 which is SO16 then you get the adjoint of E8. So you might expect there's a similar mechanism for a KE10 at work and if this is true then something like what I showed on the previous transparency might still be true at the end of the day in a way that we, you know, at the moment have no idea how it could possibly work. So let me conclude. There are now many, many, I think also first of all there's the mathematics which is as Igor said, deepest mathematics but there's also physics questions here namely first of all can a sensible wheeler to width operator be defined for E10? Is, and this is an idea that was first put forward by Origano, is psi then a kind of generalized modular form but you know vastly, hugely generalized with respect to something like E10 over the integers, whatever. And this is also a question. I argue that the geodesics restricted to BKL are unstable and you have the same question. Does the wave function close to the singularity necessarily involve all off-diagonal degrees of freedom as you get closer to the singularity? In which case, you know, there's a diffusion quote-unquote in huge phase space as you approach the singularity and as I said this may have, you know, given an entirely new twist this whole plug, whole information problem as argued by Malcolm Perry because maybe information doesn't get lost if it doesn't get crushed in the singularity but you know if it diffuses into this huge phase space maybe it cannot be recovered. Also the question is does, and this is actually what we've been discussing with Axel does the wave function continue to vanish at the singularity with, and explain it, well there's a beautiful book by Axel and friends called Eisenstein's series in Automorphic Representations just for ordinary automorphic forms and there indeed it's true that the wave function decays exponentially in these off-diagonal directions. So here's the final question that I've written, published at CQG Note just a few months ago on this. The question is, is life at the singularity infinitely simple or infinitely complex? Much of current work on quantum cosmology makes this assumption that life is infinitely simple you just have a few variables, a scale factor spatially homogeneous scalar fields and then you'd some partial differential equation but what would also happen is precisely the opposite this is actually what I argue here that as you try to get closer to the singularity it becomes more and more and more complex. So to summarize there's a vast terror in Cognita out there wanting to be discovered and explored and you know we have had wonderful time together I still hope that we're not too old to sort of take up some of these questions in the not too distant future so let me conclude with a few more pictures. In 2005 my wife here and I went to Bern for the Einstein Centenary to meet with Thibault and then we went on this on what we call the Einstein pilgrimage visiting all the places that Einstein had been in to in Bern and here you see a sitting actually like schoolboys in Einstein's living room reconstructed of course but you see nice pictures of Miléva and the children and so on and this picture was taken three years ago in Waldemossa in Malacca you were at my ERC kick-off workshop and this is a nice monastery where Frédéric Chopin spent an unhappy winter it's a wonderful place it's like you wonder why he was unhappy well I guess because the heating didn't work something like this and finally here, undated in Thibault's office this is one of the countless notebooks in Thibault's office and of course here's Ulysse now Ulysse has already appeared in previous talk I would just add to this that so Ulysse was a gentle dog always lying there sleeping, dosing sometimes squinting at us but that was about it but at lunchtime he had this habit of getting up and moving between us and the blackboard to tell us now over lunchtime stop it at tea time anyway so with this note if Ulysse was the chairman I think he would now also move between me and the so happy birthday thank you thank you very much, I think we have time for one question just curiosity you mentioned this beautiful work of Bichet as a classic work of Ulysse how would you expect this Zeno approach to be modified by Dupato? well the Zeno, I mean it's just the choice of a time coordinate and it's I don't think it's a convenient choice because in the original picture you have the BKL oscillations in the chaotic case take place in infinite number of times so what this does it simply stretches this finite interval to infinite time and then you have a very nice straight description of these oscillations so I would say it's just a choice of time coordinate and you know the Wieler-Dewitt equation has no time to start with the genius thing about the Wieler-Dewitt equation because you can choose the time coordinate as you like but this is you know this just illustrates the mechanism that's often assumed to make this work is there another question? it's the same thing as you said I'm not a physicist, I'm just asking because I read this quantum gravity one paper of Dewitt and he used this as a global condition so my question is a bit kind of confused because this is a local time it has to do with the fact that this is where it connects up to Bernhard's conjecture because Bernhard said you should see this in the dimension reduction one dimension and the BKL is a sort of dynamical realisation of that because it says as you go towards the singularity the time dependence overwhelms everything else so it's de facto effectively like a dimensional reduction to one dimension so this one way to interpret BKL is to say that as you approach the space like singularity the system sort of decays into a continuous superposition of one dimensional systems and this is why I think you know you start seeing this huge symmetry and this air of time corresponding it is also local yeah sure I mean in quantum gravity you can pick time coordinate locally as you like but because here we sort of starting from compactification to one point another unsolved problem here is how to excite to get back the spatial dependence from within this hugely algebra we have some idea lots of ideas actually but nothing so far has really worked so as I said this there's a lot of Terrain Toki Koknida here so let's just thank him again


Income tax 2022-2023 Social Security Benefits tax software example, let's do some wealth preservation with some tax preparation. Support accounting instruction by clicking the link below giving you a free month membership to all of the content on our website broken out by category further broken out by course. Each course then organized in a logical reasonable fashion, making it much more easy to find what you need than can be done on a YouTube page. We also include added resources such as Excel practice problems, PDF files and more like QuickBooks backup files when applicable. So once again, click the link below for a free month membership to our website and all the content on it. Here we are in our example form 1040 populated with LASERT tax software. You don't need tax software to follow along, but it's a great tool to run examples and scenarios with. You can also get access to the form 1040 and related schedules and forms on the IRS website IRS.gov IRS.gov starting point as usual single filer Mr. Anderson no dependence 100,000 and the W2 income and then we've got the 12,950 standard deduction getting us to the 87,050 and mirroring that on our equation over on in Excel where we've got the 100,000 the 12,950 taxable income 87,050 depending on the software to do the calculation on page two that being 14774 so we've got the 14774 and then 15,000 withheld to get us to the 226 that's our general starting point we've been starting with. Now when we're talking about payments that are coming out of the social security normally that's going to be people that are in their retirement years. So I'm going to change the age here to put them into a timeframe where it's likely they're going to be getting social security benefits. That would be the normal expectation if they're in their working years you would expect most of their income to be coming from say W2 income if beyond the working years you would expect distributions possibly from IRS pension plans interest dividends and income type of sources and then possibly of course the social security our point of focus now. So now I've changed the income the age so so now it switched us over to a 1040 SR instead of a 1040 I'm still going to go back to the 1040 because I think that's just an easier format or a more standard format if you've been working on the 1040s for a while to get an idea of what's going on so it's a single filer we've got the we're born before January 2nd 1958 we've got the 100,000 that I left in the W2 income although if they were retired it's likely that they wouldn't have the 100,000 from here it would be in in ira's or pensions and whatnot but the basic idea is that if we have that income that's over a certain threshold then we're going to have some taxable portion of the social security benefits so if you're dealing with people that have significant amounts of income and they ask you what's going to happen to my social security benefit income well you're probably going to have to include it 85% of it in income so we have a hundred thousand dollars here social security benefits of 2000 the calculation is 0.85 and that's giving us the 1,700 that's going to be the taxable portion that's going to be the general concept if the income is fairly below a fairly low threshold then you might be taxed something or have include in taxable income something less than 85% now remember that 85% isn't the tax you're paying on it that's the amount that has to be included in taxable income in order to then get to the to calculate the tax on the taxable income and then we changed our standard deduction because we're over the threshold 65 so let's go back on over here and say all right let's say that we've got the income now and now we've got social security social security card income so that's like on page one so let's say that I'm going to add another line pension let's just add a few more lines here gonna insert some lines and then I'm just gonna call this what what should I call it social security benefits social security security benefits something like that that's close the spell check should be able to figure that out and then I'm gonna leave a couple spaces usually like two lines because you got husband wife is usually maybe we'll add an extra just in case there's some some weird scenario or something always weird scenarios these days I'll tell you what so we're gonna say social security benefit payment was 2,000 now you can kind of do the calculation here and say it's gonna be 85% so you might you might try to do like actually see the calculation so let's actually add a column I'm gonna add a whole column to this and push column C to the right by putting my cursor on column C right click and insert and then I'm gonna add another kind of calculation here so all this stuff doesn't need to be any special formatting down to here so I'm gonna say on on I'm gonna get rid of the colors on those but then down here I'm gonna add another column and I'll put like normally it's 0.85 85% 0.85 or maybe I put the 85 let's put the 85 like down here 0.85 0.85 and I'm gonna make that a percent and so that I'm gonna say this is gonna be equal to this times 85% and so this would normally be something that you wouldn't have to basically change but you might because they might be a rate other than 85 and in that case I'd probably be dependent on the software to do the calculation and so then I'm gonna say this is the total total social security benefits summing that up to the outside sum it up poor far bore there we have it let's do the spell check that can't be spelled right if there's something if the spell check doesn't say something wrong there's something wrong with the spell check social security okay so then that should be included down here so I'm gonna update that formula so now we're at the 101 700 pulling into page one boom this needs to be increased because they're no longer over the threshold to get an extra over the standard of the 1,750 there's that bam that gets us to the 87,000 87,000 over on the tax return is there page two doing the calculation is now at the 14763 so we'll say okay 1414763 is there and 15,000 gets us down to the 237 so there's the general idea okay so again it's more likely that you're not going to see the W2 income but the income coming from basically these other sources let's bring the income down below a threshold so so that now it might be taxed at a lower rate so let's say the let's say the income was only like like 20,000 or something so let's go back on over and let's imagine that that the wages income I'm gonna bring that down from here and let's say they just got some money from a pension plan or something like that so we're gonna say pension income and I'm gonna say this is 1099 are that they got and it's gonna be a normal distribution and let's say that they got like like 20 let's say let's say 15,000 here taxable amount 15,000 and then on the social security let's bump up the social security a bit social security benefits let's say they got 10,000 social security okay let's make it 5,000 5,000 okay make up your mind make up your mind okay that's what I want to do so now I'm still looking at the form 1040 although the 1040 SR would be like the form typically used over the threshold of 65 so we've got single we've got the born before January whatever and then down here now we've got our income coming from the pension and annuities and the social security benefits none of it's being taxable right and you can look at the worksheet right here that's because they're below the threshold and you can get an idea of of the income thresholds but that's gonna be and I won't get into the weeds on that but you can get into the weeds on that to see the calculation on how the worksheet is being put together so if I was to mirror that on this side I'd have to say okay income no W2 income they got an pension income that I said was 15,000 I think and then they've got the social security of what did I say 5,000 but now it's it's none of its taxable they're not taxed at the 85% so I'm just gonna rely on the software to say that zero of that is taxable and that's putting the zero down there so that gives me the 15 up top so the 15 15 brings it down to the to the 3 that the 300 so the 300 and so on so I won't go from there now now let's let's increase this a little bit let's bring it up to like 25,000 let's say this was that pension 25 25,000 let's say movie B to the end so now a portion of it is being taxed right 1,000 250 so now we're at 125 divided by 5,000 it's pulling in 25% right let's pull it up let's pull it up to let's pull this amount up to like 30,000 30,000 30,000 and see what that does going back on over now half of it right so it's gonna be 2500 divided by 5,000 what K the heck Paso divided by 5,000 50% and now let's bring it up to I think it's like 34,000 34,000 and so now it's still at 50% let's bring it to to to actually I didn't do it here 34,000 34,000 so now it's it's getting pretty close pretty close though to 100 to the full amount here 85% so now we're at 4250 divided by 5,000 85% so it's a pretty low threshold still right and then and then if I brought this as high as I wanted to it should stick at that 85% of the income right if I brought this up to 100,000 100,000 we're still sticking there and so that's the general kind of curve that you want in your mind so when you explain it to people you're like yeah you probably have to include an income like 85% unless your income is relatively low so 4250 divided by divided by 5,000 now if they were a married couple then of course you can you might have social security from two people right so then I could go back on over and say now they're married filing joint and then on the income side let's say we had the social security benefits 5,000 from one spouse and 5,000 from another spouse right and so now that's going to be pulling in to the the box of 10,000 and 85% is being taxed at this point if they were married then you can bring the threshold thresholds will be a little bit different to determine how much will be taxable so if I went back on over and I went to my pension income and I bring this down once again to 30,000 30,000 and I go back on over and say okay now only 1,500 is being taxable 1,500 divided by 10,015% the thresholds are a little bit different as you would expect from married filing joint if I bring it up to like 40,000 40,000 then now we're at the 5,850 divided by 10,000 which is 58% and then if I bring it up to like I think it's like 44,000 44,000 and pull it on over pull it on over now we're at that that 85% 85 so it's still a fairly low threshold but obviously the threshold differs for married filing joint versus the single threshold so there's the general the general idea that you want to have in your mind with regards to the social security so remember that you also kind of you probably want to get a general concept of what the social security is doing you're pulling it in from the W two when you pay it it's social security or payroll taxes different than basically the income taxes you're paying it in with your payroll taxes or with your your self-employment taxes and the amount that you pay in is going to be causing the amount or and contribute to the calculation of how much benefits you're going to get in retirement and then when you get the benefits in retirement it possibly could be included in income and generally will be included in income up to like 85% unless your income is taxable income you know is relatively low that's kind of the scenario you might want to have


Dr. Jekyll wrote a testament of what has transpired, but Dr. Jekyll was a proud man with a shining reputation who early on hid his natural high spirits and developed a double character. The scientific studies focused on the mystical and transcendental, as he searched out aspects of man, especially in the moral dimension. He wanted to learn how these two sides could be disconnected, while at the same time Dr. Jekyll researched medications, medicines to create a potion that would transform him into evil. Dr. Jekyll tried it. He drank the potion and became evil. He was consumed by the evil. Now, Dr. Jekyll lived two lives. One is a very well-respected citizen, the other as evil. Now, Dr. Jekyll continued to transform between these two characters until one day evil took over. Now, feeling as though his life were in danger, Dr. Jekyll tried to resist, but the evil killed Sir Karoo. Dr. Jekyll continues his life. Now, Dr. Jekyll worries that the evil will take over. And without the medicine, without the potion, what will he do? He needs a stronger potion to maintain his character as Dr. Jekyll. The medicines have run out. And without that, he would not be able to change back to Dr. Jekyll. This is when Dr. Jekyll writes this testament, knowing that time is running out and worried that the evil will take over.  This would be the end of the life of Dr. Henry Jekyll.


I think it's important to build a global hub for the sharing of information, for an exchange of good practice, to support a really a global approach against these phenomena, to really tackle international networks, to provide capacity building for those countries who need our support, to provide access to real-time information and also to provide training in international cooperation. So it's very much about the core mandate of Interpol to facilitate international police cooperation and to support our member countries in the fight against organized crime groups, taking benefit from the desperation of people and making huge criminal profits. I think our main sources of information is availability of information, we need real-time information from our member countries, we collect this information, we provide analysis on this information and we provide it back to our member countries to support police activity, to provide to support international cooperation but also in helping our member countries in getting the information to the right place, the right time, the right officer at a border station for instance, so also making our tools available, for instance our databases, the stolen lost and travel document database for instance. This is of utmost importance, also our border management program, these are all tools, the whole set of our activity is important to fight the organized crime networks who really operate in a dynamic environment and operate in an international dimension. We carefully have to monitor the activities of organized crime groups using social media to spread their news, to get in contact with their, let's say, their clients and I think a close cooperation with the private sector is needed so we also have invited private sector to this conference here, this is a tactical conference so we're trying really to improve law enforcement but the private sector needs to be part of a comprehensive approach and so we have access to the providers of social media and we have to continue a dialogue also to tackle this part of organized crime group activities.