Never am I alone with you. Do, do, do, do, do. All right, letting Discord know that I'm back. OK, close that out. Let's get back to it. Hello, Hailey. Welcome back to the gameplay. Let me see if I can get. I got an eight and a nine. Hey, Jayrod, how you doing, hun? Howdy kids, howdy family, how all that? Ah, that's where it is. OK, I got to get to the capital. But actually, I can't get to the capital. I'm out of the bath and smell of coconut and a lot. Ooh, lake of rot, forbidden lands, mountain tops of the giants, deep root depths, Lord Jesus. OK, one dropped by the malformed star. I don't even think I can fight that dude yet. Oh, well. I'm still looking. If I do, I suppose I'll ask my certainty. I know if I can tell. If I do, I suppose I'll ask my. If you guys can hear Lawnmower shows out cutting grass, so be back already. I don't think you all be able to hear it, maybe. Look, I'm absurd. I have a few. I don't doubt it. Well, no grudge against my being a priest, despite my different sides. All right, we got to talk to this happy. I am the circumscripted champ. Perhaps you might be doing so. And you, do you think it's where I come? Let her hold you. My thanks. Hug me, girl. Hug me. To your breasticles. Yeah, I got a fever. What you felt though it is, but come back. All right, I got to let her hold me one more time so I can start her quest and then give D the dagger. Give D the dagger, D. Hello, Worst Rider. Thank you for the subscription. Appreciate you. I am pleased. Would you like a blessing? Is still, would you like now? Yeah, I'm coming closer, girl. I'm coming closer. This takes so long. After I laid to do so before I was in prayer, despite so pleading, could you please? So very so I would like you. It's a very precious. All right, good day to you. Good day to you too, heavy. I'm going to go listen to my audio book and chillax after a busy day. Love that you just see you, E and Gen. Good to see you too. Enjoy your book. We about to start fighting bosses. But first I got to use this thing so it would give me my health back. Oh yeah, I still need to go get the map for this location. Damn it. And then we'll go fight. I am, I'm going to go fight Margit next. I'm going to do Margit, Renala, Godric, and then I'm not in the right place. I'm not in the right place. That's why I forgot last time. Anyways, we're going to do Margit, Renala, Godric, and Radon today. I doubt we're going to get any farther than that, but that's what, I also got to go start dinner.  That shouldn't take long, it's just a oven lasagna. Damn, lobsters want to aggro the lobsters.  Make him look silly. We might do some Erdtree avatars too today. I don't know, I could. Oh, these blood stains, low at Jersey.  Okay, they're morphing. Burp, burp, burp. If you're new to the stream, let me know what you're reading, or what you're playing, or favorite movie you watched, any of that stuff. Let me know. The whole point of this stream is to chill out with my friends and have a cool conversation. He hit me.   Reds are winning seven to zero. Congratulations for your team. Okay, gotcha, right in the head. Okay, I forgot about you. Okay, of course he did it. Of course he did it. You never do that. That was close. Welcome back, B. What's up, B.C.? Okay, I hate this part. I hate this part. I hate this part. Am I coming for my booty meat? Am I coming? New reality show? Did he do it? They raided his house and apparently had cameras in every room and recorded all the free, oh no. Oh no, him big screwed, I hope. Athletes and politicians and hip hop. Epstein, yeah. It's a mess, man. I hope he goes down. If it's all true, I hope he goes down. You've got this. I did have it. Thank you very much. That's the aggro of the dude that's running after me. And then let's go make the jump.   Oh no, ah, did he do it? He did it. Oh my God, where am I? Okay, I didn't know I could make it down here. I didn't know I could make it down there and survive. I think he's been down, yeah. Duo Tom Hanks wasn't involved. I severely doubt it, but I mean anything's possible, right?  And everybody seems to miss the real meaning of that. It's like no one is all good or all bad. It's like eventually you will run into situations where there's no clear right answer.  Did he is all bad? I would believe that. I would believe that. Have you heard 50 Cent talking about him? Like him saying that did he want to take him shopping and all that stuff? I bet he smells good, oh Lord. Oh Lord, not the smell goods. I'll take those extra swoles, thank you very much. But he made the Biggie album, so there's that, yeah. And that's why a lot of people are like, no, I'm gonna support him. Like y'all on that smoke. Like he was messing with everybody. He was messing with kids, men, women, date ends. He was messing, he was putting it to everybody. Depends on what time it takes.  Because P Diddy, I have this P Diddy in my head that just smells like lube and dookie for obvious reasons, you know. Did he looks well groomed? Well, I mean, yeah, when you're that rich and you're sucking the souls out of children, we need all the damage. First things first, I'm gonna relish. Oops, I almost fell. Child souls are good for your skin. Makes it go, yeah, yeah, exactly. Somebody's gonna take us seriously.  Stop throwing your dookie at me. Appreciate it. Okay, good. Sorry, I just got some good news. Can I get away with these comments because I'm little and cute? Hey, you're not wrong. You really aren't. Let's go get the golden seed over here.  Since I couldn't get my damn repost. Roonark? No, smithingstone too, nevermind. I was confused. I'm here by the craven. How awesome this grafting of God is tainted them. If you intend to, I ask you to call it the wings room. I'm certain father will. Usually works for me too, but I'm a giver, never a receiver when it comes to... Apologies, but I've idled long enough. As fellow... So what you're saying is you're a trafficker. You trafficking kids. As fellow, down whatever. Apologies, as fellow, down whatever. There's like, yo, pause. Can I get the other talisman pouch yet? Or do I have to have killed Godric? I have to kill Godric first, right? Do I have to summon the felly lu to... I can't remember if I have to summon her. No, that's not what I was saying.  At all. And yet they say horror fans are weird? Yeah. Forget about the arc. You hit me twice and I am so pissed about that.  I have top chat on again. Where I'm alone, where you feel like I am born again. I don't even know how that song goes. All right, next on the list. Weird that it doesn't automatically go to live chat. Yeah. I don't know why it does that, but it doesn't. Could've swore I got the... Yeah, I could've swore I got the map for this area. The boss rush continues. Time to see it. It's nice to see one alive's puppet. Hey Rob, how you doing? Been taking care of Haley. I hope you're the same Rob. Bluebell Foundation. I know so many Robs, like Robotone, Haley's husband. I guess I shouldn't assume until you let me know which one to switch. I also gotta start body's quest so I can get the, what should I call it? So I can get the farming location. Would try to refresh your memory, but I still don't think it would do justice. Fair enough. I know a lot of Robs. That's all I'm saying. What just happened? Who hit me? Say what? This is why I send the... No, never mind. It is not why I send it up. I give up. Welcome back, Jayrod. How you doing? Still good? I have live chat now on now so I can see all messages. Hey, Bookable, welcome back. You got dealt with. Yeah, this game is amazing. A second favorite game of all time. Currently reading The Weeknd Retreat by Taylor Lushkowsky. Fave movie recently watched was Oppenheimer. I need to watch that one. I've heard nothing but good things about it. All right, so in that case, I was a Rob who popped up. I'm sure you remember the concept for the cover, but I'm sure you know a bunch of Rob. Yeah, there's a lot of y'all. There's a lot of y'all. And I talk to people all the time who are writing books. So yeah, they don't matter. You're here now and that's all that matters. So what's up, man? Hope you're doing good. Hope your book's coming along well. Best video game played with Animal Crossing? Oh my poor... Hey, I think Jayrod needs to scrub because I asked that back at the beginning of the stream. The Edward of the Lord. I like that. Edward of the Lord. Introducing Young Master... Young. Young. Young Master Lord. Of the Wily Lawns. Of the Elusive Lawn Clan. Oh, again we cross paths. I believe us. It pleases the target. I have no ma... Or Lord of the Edward, first of his name, Keeper of the Chair. Praise, praise the Lord. No, praise the Chair. I really should have called it Cult of the Chair.  So I only came up when... I only came up when people were looking for church and I am definitely not the church crowd. See if I can speed run this. Get this part done as quick as possible. That was close. Hey, Sylovis. Thank you. Thank you, Rob. I don't even have a Goodreads account anymore, unfortunately. But I still give my honest opinion on whatever. Doesn't make any sense to do otherwise because I want the right people around me. It ain't been long. It's been like an hour. Okay. Now, EG, and we can get out of here. Get down to Necron after we beat Radon. Thank you. Prayer for my success, EG. Prayer for it. Lord of the Edward, first of his name, Keeper of the Chair. If I ever start... I really get into fantasy. I'll put that in my bio. That's too bad. Sometimes I would read your review. Well, we can use the Greek critique my own writing. What works and what doesn't work? Yeah, I got you. Yeah, man. That book. Oh, that book was... That was the most basic-ass book. Writing all that stuff. It was absolutely terrible. And then you have books like Jerusalem reviews that I did. You know, there's a... There is a British dude who read my... I don't know the guy from Adam. Never talked to him. He didn't ask me. Never talked to the guy.  Ever heard. What makes it so funny is you can hear him trying not to laugh as he's... as he's reading it. No, this is a playthrough 19 total. Stephen King's It. About 850 pages in. Pretty good so far. He's got a knack for writing some pretty disturbing...  But yeah, when you get a chance, Rob, go check that out. Just type in Jerusalem Edward Lorne review and it should pop up there.  I'm on Streamlabs right now and I have to sign in through YouTube and I got one of those Google passwords so I can't do it right now. I don't know why I came down here. Let's see here. What do we got to do next? We got to do... Rinala. Yeah, we got to do... We got to do... Rayalucaria. Next.  That's a lot of playthroughs. Oh yeah. Bloodborne's my favorite game of all time. If I got to do my top three, it would be Bloodborne, Elden Ring and Dark Souls, the original one. Not a fan of Dark Souls 3, not a fan of Dark Souls 2 like most people. I don't like the health mechanic, but Dark Souls 3, it's okay. I'd probably put it as number 5 after Sekiro, Sekiro at number 4. Hey John, how you doing? Speaking of it, I understand many people have a problem with the spider ending. To be honest, the detail of Ben coming across the spider nest full of eggs was pretty interesting. I will give you that, but one thing people fail to realize is it's not a spider, and I'm not saying you don't know this. I'm saying a lot of people are like, it's a spider, that's it, that's an alien, that's the form it got stuck in.  It's not actually his real form, in fact, it can't even remember it's true form. Yup, bye y'all. Totally get it yet. My favorite game is one that does not get a lot of love. Invisible, oh, Deus Ex, Invisible War. I think I played that. I don't know why I jumped. I don't know why I jumped. All I gotta do is like roll into it. But yeah, I mean people, people have been complaining about that, and you know that one scene, we all call it that. But people, I'm about to die.  Never mind, I'm good. All three of them on me at one time, though. Your girl got ganged up on. But another thing, if y'all have a PlayStation you wanna play, just let me know. You can jump into the game. Literally Xenomorphs. Talk about under- I don't think I finished it, so I didn't even know. Really? That's crazy. The Last of Us 2, Final Fantasy 7, and Dead Space. For what, your favorite games? Well, I was just talking about the Souls games. Like, God of War would be up on my list. Eating a few people. Just kind of slumming, yeah. I wouldn't disagree with that. I wouldn't disagree with that. I wonder if I can one-shot this Red Bull for Radegon. It's very few times. He usually ends up getting me with his swords, but whatever you say, Derek. I always come down here and get this stuff, but I never play a Sorcerer build, so it doesn't help me whatsoever. Yeah, the only, literally the only thing I remember about Awakened was how badly it was written. That's the only thing I remember. I didn't aggro a single one of them. Killing, killing either one of them. That's crazy. I can fight him by myself. I don't know why I summon those things. Oh, Sneaky Puppy. Sneaky Puppy! Okay, let's get that done. I don't know why I didn't. Low-key, these graphics are blessing my eyes. Cool. So, thank you. Yeah, this game is gorgeous. I'll show you some cool vistas here in a second. I'll show you something really, really cool. This chick, though. Hey, Lazy, you disappointed me. I was sure you were going to come in and go, what's with the title? I knew for a fact.  My heart broken. Hi.  That's a little slower than I'm used to, but I'm missing the timing. Every time. Oh, you gonna get me? Oh, he did. I'm dead. You can't do it to the jumping attack.  Where does P. Diddy place in souls? You're not getting that off. Give me your shield. Give me your shield. You are not getting that off on me. Let's go in here with a full tube. Hang on. P. Diddy placed in your soul shrinking. That boulder almost gave me a heart attack. Let's see here. Oddly, you were on my mind as I just bought one of your books, but it's not. Oh, south up here. Dig it. Hell yeah. P. Diddy is in my bottom ranking for the souls games. Stop it. I keep hitting the wrong button. I don't know why. How many souls I got? I can level up one more time before doing this. Can't I? I need one more. Liza. If we're talking about my favorite souls likes, I would go Liza P at the top of the list and then I only really like two souls likes and that's Liza P and Steel Rising. Can I wear anything? I don't wear this. We're going in here half naked and I got the doggos for phase two. Hell yeah.  I need to show off a couple of new things. I got a new poster that my oldest got me and a mug. It's not Nightmare Before Christmas, but I'm super proud of it.  That's a good goddamn question. Hold up. Okay. It's not better than Bloodborne, not better than Elden Ring. It would be number three for sure. It would be number three. I'm either really, really good at this fight or really, really bad, so y'all keep that in mind. I'm going to try. Sometimes she'll one-shot me with the her BS. Hi, Rob. Yeah, stop in any time, man. It was a really nice talking to you. No, the turtle's not. They are the same species.  She almost got me. What is up?   It goes one of two ways. You just saw the one way it goes. Hi, meant to rest. Okay. So we're good. We have the two.  You're welcome. I'm going to take a break after we kill the next boss. I want to get my bigger up to 30. All right, let's go get the other go get this. Thank you. Thank you. I am going forth. I believe it's that one that has the thing on it. Grace over here. I got to go I got to go do vike and get the the soiled sanitary napkin. Y'all remember that, don't you?  Why won't you summon your horse? Thank you. You don't remember? You don't remember lazy?  You don't pay attention. What so? They didn't seem right. I am I am but first I got to go. I go see Magnus. Where's Magnus at? Magnus is around here.  This guy has a whole pain in my scrotum. I almost ran right off a cliff. This is not right. This isn't right at all.  Is it dogs? What is it? Damn it is wolfies. Scared the ish out of me. I'm so sorry. Oh my god. Oh my god. Not yet. That isn't even right. Never mind. Here we go. This guy's a pain in my throat is crazy. Did I say that? I meant a pain in my scrotum. Did I say that? Did I say that? Did I? Freudian slip. Oops. That's terrible. Invading his hole. I mean what? Not the gaping hole again. Yeah this one's going to take me a little while. I hope not but so lazy prepare yourself.  Why did it put me way over here? Okay. These are the bleed doggos. Do not get it. No it did not go as planned. It didn't go as planned at all. I told you it's either really easy or really hard.  Okay. Damn. How did you track so well? Come down here and fight me. That's what he's saying. Alright.  This is why I don't do PvP.  I like the big enemies.  Oh they're literally up here. We'll get them this time or the next 22 times. The little standard enemies get me all the time. He's coming too that's the worst part. He has such hyper armor going into that move. That little twirly move.  Alright we're going to take our time.  He's got mad poise. Okay. And that thing's a lot quicker than it looks. Oh my god that attack. Oh come on. He can do that through all of my attacks. All my attacks. I just got to keep a distance from him. I have a bow and arrow so I could probably just throw that on.  I know what's going on. Never mind. I'm not set up properly. Shit I didn't see it coming.  Stop crouching. There you go. Maybe hit and run. I got him. What happened was I forgot I have a certain build that I like to use and I forgot to use it to fight him. That was my bad. Oh I thought he gave you a 7. Oh well. I can still go back to Vare.  But alas we are done. But yeah I absolutely hate regular enemies like human enemies in this game cannot stand it. They just drive me bad bad but we got him. We're good. Magnus is that you? What's up Tim? It is I. What is going on Tim? I miss you too man. Nice to see you in here. This one is up yonder way I think. Is this it? No. This is it. How you been man? You're back in Alabama now right?  I could be wrong but I don't know. Yeah it's always good to see you. Sorry I left y'all I shouldn't have left y'all for twitch. I can't I come crawling back now. Love y'all miss y'all. Shouldn't have let my people go. Not my people.  Yeah I was just on twitch for a little while. I hate that part. But anyways I'm back now. YouTube is my one and only. Never should have left y'all. My apologies. I wasn't thinking. My brain was in the wrong place. I was just trying to make that moony kid. Trying to make that money. Yeah I'm still writing.  That I'm excited for. It's gonna be a whole event. Never remember where this There's a There's a fire Coming deep inside. That's not how that song goes. Yeah I don't know if you remember Tim Jayrod You remember somebody named Tim Magnus? That's the homie. 100% the homie. Yeah it won't be until October but I'm gonna be at a convention in Massachusetts also. So I'm gonna be up there. You went up there didn't you? You were up north or something like that. I remember that. Minnesota that's right. I knew it was one of those hems.  That sounds exciting. Yeah it's gonna be in October. Girlfriend who is no longer that. We're vibing now though that's cool. Welcome back Richie. You're fine. No obligation to be here at all but I love you when you come back. I love you when you come back. Alright let's go back. This is so much back and forth just to get this just to get to this farming location but it's worth it. We were up to 12 people in here earlier. Now we're at 8. We're supposed to figure out this mission. I have no idea how you're supposed to figure out this mission on your own. Like all the pieces of the puzzle are so far away from each other. Crazy. Here we go. Oh we're back up to 12 again. Hello everybody. Come on in. Chill out. Books and all that other good nonsense. I'm so not up to date on modern games to be honest. Last time I was playing the 360 was the big fish. Hey that's fine. Do you remember a game called Demon's Souls on the 360? If you do that's from the same creators of this. That's why it might look familiar. I don't know I don't know like totes and strokes for shrizzle. For shrizzle? Okay whatever. Okay that's fine. No obligation to be here guys. There never is. No obligation whatsoever. Let me get to this farming location before I get dealt with down here. Hey bobbleheads. Bye bobbleheads. That's cool. I already like your fan. What? I could have swore I had my I could have swore I had that on. Oh well the main thing I'm excited for right now. I'm looking forward to South of Midnight when we're talking new games. South of Midnight. Get Hell Divers 2 and once and play with Derek hopefully. Anyways but I'm what I'm really excited for is the new DLC for this game. Shadow of the Erd Tree. I haven't even seen gameplay for it. Just the aesthetics look cool.  Do the Draconic Tree Sentinel instead and then come back for redawn later? I don't know. I health up some so I can go deal with this other guy. Oh is Rob still here? Rob left right? I was gonna show him a really nice place. Yeah he left. Damn it. Oh well. I was gonna show him. I was gonna show him something guys. Oh my god. Get off there. I might need to take a break before I fight this guy though. We'll see. We'll see how well I do for the first playthrough. For the first fight. If I do atrociously I'm gonna have to take a break so I can calm down. I get antsy. My hands get sweaty. Knees weak. They're vomiting on my sweater already. Mom's spaghetti. Y'all we're having lasagna tonight and I'm super stoked. I'm hotter than a squat on a volcano. Buckano? Y'all know that's how it's pronounced right? Buckano? Yeah. Let's go get the only crack. No there's only two cracked tears that really matter. Congrats. Thank you lazy. We'll probably go to like seven o'clock tonight. I don't know. We'll see.  But after that we're gonna be playing some more. You can't hit me over here. It was a nice thought though. Run! Here comes. Come over to booty meat. Don't taze me bro. Don't taze me. Okay. See that's what I'm talking about. I'm probably gonna need a break.  We'll try it one more time. I got greedy there at the beginning. When you use the morning star the morning star mace staggers him in three hits. I got the roll off in time. I said I'm going on break. We dropped from nine to nine to five. Working nine to five but a way to make a living. Let my controller charge. I'll be back in about 15 minutes and then we're gonna wreck this motherfucker. I promise you. That was ridiculous. Anywho. Y'all give me 15 minutes. I'll be back with you. Love you faces. Bye. I think I'm going to make a second channel called Books and Boards where I talk about books and also learn how to whittle. Anybody out here whittle? I'd like to whittle. Just a whittle whittling. Just sit there and talk about books while I whittle. Y'all want to watch me learn how to whittle? Whittle is one of those words that when you say it so much it completely loses its meaning. You got me. Respect. Respect. I got greedy. I got greedy. I got greedy. Respect. I'm gonna have to use my summons.  Let's put some draws on. Just in case. What do we got here? Man, why are you getting greedy? I'm dead. I was rolling. I was in mid-roll when he came down on top of me. I should go level up my mace. It's so much easier to fight him with my morning star. We are not getting stuck on this dude today.  Next try or the next three. We got this. One shot this guy normally.  You can watch the last time I played on Twitch man. I got him first try. This is annoying. I'm just not doing enough damage.  It's just I'm having... It's because I'm medium rolling. I'm not doing the right with this one. I mean if he hits me he hits me. So I guess you're right. Because I don't have enough health. I'm about to pop a summon. It's not like I have anything to prove. I might as well go ahead. I might have.  This is crazy. I know it's because I have on my... Yeah. He has insane damage. Damn that fucking... Dude, I knew that was the one. Okay. In mid roll really? These are redonkillers. I've been trying to take my time but with the bloodhound thing I'm just not doing... I'm not doing enough. Period.  I'm just not going... No, no, no. That's cheating. Now. Those eyes of a chamfiner well. Alright. I'm gonna have to go to... Which one is it? Sealed tunnel or is it... A zoop. Is it sealed tunnel or altus tunnel that has the... I think it's this one. Hang on. Let me try this. I think this one that lets you buy threes and fours. Because all I really need is I think that's the one. Okay, cool. I gotta go all the way down and around and then up this hill over here. Yeah, over here. It's crazy that I have to get a weapon with lesser damage just so I can stagger it more.  Because when I did it on my level 60 build I wasn't even anywhere near level 60.  Please tell me you remember that. Because now I do feel like I'm having to like prove myself this guy is not that hard. No, I think it's sealed tunnel. This ain't right. No, this ain't right. Just use one of the big bonky bonks. It's sealed tunnel, bro. It's gotta be. It's the one where you gotta go over here or something. It's this one. I never realized the lantern was that small. We'll get this. We're gonna get it today, too. I'm probably gonna wrap up at 7 Central Standard Time. Yeah, it's definitely this one down here, zoop. 100% it's down here. Yeah. Yeah, it's down here. I don't know what I thought it was the other one. I should know better. I should know better. I'll take the extra chocolate. How you doing, Jimmy? How you doing, Cur? You doing good, Cur? And it's not Easter yet. That's not until... Is it Sunday? Look at him cheeks bounce, though. Look at him cheeks. How you been holding up, Jimmy, since last night? I don't celebrate any of them. Zombie Jesus Day is not on my... It's not on my my list of things I celebrate. Crying. I'm good. Started reading. Oh, Amara. I can't remember what it was originally called. Or is that the original name? I can't remember. Anyways. Alright, hopefully this is enough. But I'll be able to move quicker. Oh, man. I gotta ride all the way back over there. Actually, hang on. Hang on. Let's go do some other bosses real quick. Because I keep forgetting I didn't do my... my physics. I got a whole bunch of stuff that I could be doing where cross on your trips. Yeah, I do like little praying emojis around here when I talk to people. When I text them. Be like, God bless. Just so I can give that extra loot. And it works so well. It works very, very well. Very well, my chubblin. And yes, I realize how dastardly that is.  I just don't like actually believe like Christians like Christians. Hey, let's... Well, I actively believe that Christians hate everybody except for other Christians. I actively believe that. So I don't feel bad for... It's like, what else does I will pray for you need? Think about it. Yeah, true, true. But as long as you're the right kind of Christian, as long as your insanity matches their insanity, it's all good.  I can't remember which one does the stance breaks. Which one helps annihilate poise, but we definitely need to figure that out. Well, for these guys, I can do I can do the bloodhound thing for these guys.   That is buck booty wild that like you gotta believe a very specific type of crazy. I didn't even realize that was you, man, I'm sorry.  Have eye frames for that! I'm on the wrong one! No wonder I didn't heal any of those times. I was on the wrong damn... Dude, I didn't have my I didn't have my flask up. I didn't have the right flask up. Why are you spamming this all of a sudden? I'm not doing those. I got good. What do you get? Here's the other one. I gotta grab this one over here, too. There, I got good, zoop. You good, bruh? Oh no, I aggro'd the rune bear. Y'all, this over. The game is over. Not the rune bear. I think these are the right ones. I don't know. We got a couple more I need to do. Let's go do this guy. No, I don't think he's... I can't remember which one. Do it! I am not... No, the strongest goddamn thing in this whole... No, I'm not. I will not be talked into a suicide mission. I just got demonetized. I know where the infinite mono one is, but I don't have the other memorized yet. Um... I'm pretty sure I'm good. Let's get up here to the hermit shack real quick. Where is it? There it is. I'll help, too, that it... uh, I have more to pop. Thanks, wondrous physics. Enhanced charge attacks. Stop runed. Damn it. These aren't any of the ones that I want. I'll go ahead and do that. There's another one that I know it's not the one out in Leirinia. It's not... So it's not this one. It might be this one over here. Let's try this real quick. You're downloading Diablo 4 from Game Pass to try out. Hey, you want to play, Jimmy? I have Diablo 4 on Xbox Series XS. If you want to play together, just let me know. I don't like playing Diablo by myself. Definitely, it's always felt like a cooperative game to me. And I can get the regular... I think I can get the regular... I can get three months free of Xbox live. I'm pretty sure. I'm pretty sure I still have that. I don't think this one has the good ones either. I kind of remember... Oh, come on, Torrance! You're making me look... Really? Cause... Okay. Okay, fine. I will go around. I only have... I didn't two-hand. Okay, which one is it? Is it the one by the... It's this one over here, isn't it? Senior fucking... Fuckface. Okay. I'm going. This is going to be a long fight, guys. Putrid avatar near the mount. Yep. Yeah. Well, both of them... Both of the ones in Caled are putrid avatars. But... I'm going to have to put on... something. It's that one. All right. Here we go. This is not going to help me whatsoever. But I'm going to do it anyways. Cause I'm a weirdo.  Put on your hat of getting good. Putting on the hat of getting good. I really shouldn't have summoned those wolves. It made them twice as hard. The hat of getting good has been acquired.  It literally rolled. I pressed the button. The input did not accept. Perfection. You love my luscious rainbow locks? I know I do. All this just for... Same thing I did last time. I rolled. I did the thing. Boy, this is harder than the damn... Erd tree. Not Erd tree, but the, uh... Whatchamacallit. This is harder than the tree Sentinel. I can't even get more than one hit on him. But... We have a backup plan. I know this is gonna make me fat. Not fat roll, but medium roll.   Why? Is he allergic to fire? This guy isn't that hard. I think I'm just tired.  I'm dead. Right off the bat.   Alright, let's take this seriously. Let's take this serially. Let's go back to the... He burns real good. I don't think I have anything to even, like... Do I have, like, fire grease or something? We could go blood grease. I could put him to sleep, too. Always do that. I always end up going for the second one. I'm trying to get him... I'm trying to get him staggered. As I'm gonna go back to the bloodhound thing. I was wrong, guys.  What is this taking so long? Did you ever play Vampire Survivors? I have not. I don't think he's even susceptible to bleed. Oh, that's why I did it. That's right.   This is the hardest hurt tree, so, but I usually don't have any of these problems. I'm always just spamming that. It's also getting hot in here. It's getting hot in her. So take off all your clothes. Ooh, look at that white-ass arm, bruh. Look at that white-ass arm. You could see my guy, like, about to roll.  We got this. I'm getting bored and impatient is what's happening. I'm like, I wanna do more damage! Too many phone calls this time of day.  I had, man, I cannot believe I cannot believe that just happened. Yes, I can. I don't know what I'm talking about. Summoning Torrent and that gives you iframes! Okay.   This is over. This is over.   Alright, let's go. Come on. I'm gonna end up running through the whole rest of this game just cause I'm getting stuck on this one. Cause I get stuck on one boss and then bosses I beat at least, I've beaten this guy at least 20 times. Cause I have numerous playthroughs where I have a full battery. I'm not sure if I tried. He had rot behind him.  That's why usually when he does it twice I run out of the way. Alright, no more greedy. Fucker, really? You never follow that up. How the hell did I do better with the Morningstar Mace in that other playthrough? I don't get it. No! Please go away before... Okay, thank you.  So much for the hat of getting good. Ugh.    When the DLC releases, do you have to be fully leveled up? Or do you... No, that's what I'm doing here is preparing, getting it ready because all my other playthroughs are on like playthrough 4, playthrough 7. And if I did that, if I did that, it would be they would be so damn difficult.   Like, he was doing the... You know, when he does the swipe when he spins around and swipes the ground he was doing that and then not following it up with anything. So I keep going in to punish that and I guess I'm only going to get one hit per... I'm only going to get one punish per to beat this guy so many times.  I'll give him one try on the playthrough I did on Twitch. I'm literally making the game harder than it should be. I got RadagonSorceal on and he does like 15% more damage. Oh, I didn't mean to hit you again! Stand up! What are you ducking for? I'm dead. But you don't have to be fully leveled up for the DLC but it's definitely going to help. I got about 15 more minutes of this stream so hopefully I can actually kill him in that time.   Hacking on that move! Hacking on that move! By the way, I had to look a dip thong but I might be thought it might be some new type of undercurrent. I know he's going to do that second. Price is averted. Rolling. I swear I'm hitting that button before at the exact time. This is...  I wonder if it literally is my controller. I know... I know gamers say that all the time but I honestly... There is something going on.  I'm dead. I was wondering when my stagger seemed like it went all the way around him. I only got 10 minutes. This is like the 20,000 times I spot right card. Every time... he doubles it up.  I don't like this spot. I don't like that spot at all. Thank you Jimmy. Thank you for hanging around and being patient with vine lord. Hand charge attacks now. I need this one. And then over here I need this one. Alright, let's go get this draconic tree sentinel out of the way. I was hoping to get redawn today but I don't think that's going to happen.  Playing none but dookie draw. Oh that's cool. Wearing headphones. You can literally hear the... You can hear the arrows going by your head on whichever side it is. Light load. Sweat pants and shirt. Here we go!  No, don't glitch. I want to beat you fair and square. Let's do it. One more time. Jesus Christ. I got greedy with that last one. I knew I shouldn't have.   Couldn't see camera. Okay, it's to everybody. I'll fight those two. Fight those two but I'm I'm nothing if I'm not stubborn. I legitimately almost just ran into the castle. Anyways, I gotta go. I don't want to but I got to. I will be live again tomorrow at some point. Just keep an eye on the discord and the community page here on YouTube. But until next time, I have been E, you've been U, this has been another video game.


Sour spreaders and plows are ready to go. Thousands of New York City sanitation workers will be putting salt on every street, every highway. The operation will continue until all streets are clear. We have seen just how addictive and overwhelming the online world can be. Exposing children to content they are not ready for. That is why our administration filed a lawsuit against the companies that own five major social media platforms. These companies have been a partner here in New York City. We know our tech community can and must be part of the solution. We have to use our voices, our power and also what we are going through to advocate for this change. I'm very proud to be standing up for the right thing with this administration, this mayor on behalf of my kids. As well as the kids of this great city and this country.


Who sometimes, once in a while, does make projects at the festival they touch, this was in Hong Kong, on the skyscraper. Yes, they let me troll the whole city with a face on the skyscraper. That's how it is. But more often what I do is I do works that are on the internet for the internet. I work with code, painting and photography. So not only, the only thing I do is, like, doing art-ish. Actually, if you guys are a bit worse at maths at all, you might have seen me making it to a nuisance. Use art in an open source tag. Please do, if you do art or have it in a software that is for art. Inhale. This is not what this talk is about. In the last three years, I had the chance to teach and play around with teaching with art using open source software. Some of this was more workshop and experimental. The other one was more general, your usual classes. So the first one was artistic programming. I'm usually artistic to be able to put the word art in the Turkish version of the class. It's basically a good coding workshop. Look at the twist. The idea was to rather than making it about working art specifically, literally taking the 2D design class, a general introduction to 2D design class curriculum, and try to have the students implemented with code. This was a four-day workshop, four full days, so 32 hours. It's a virtual open source conference at Aksaray. And primarily in the college students. Introduction to photography is what I'm currently teaching since September. And this is just your garden-related introduction to photography. What a twist. Photography basics. So editing basic and lots of coding inside. Full semester university course. Art elected for engineering and architecture students. So these are not fine arts students, but some of them do design. It has been mostly taught in four years. So experimental. Artistic programming. All these adventures, and I decided maybe, okay, let's not go that far. So yeah, as I said, artistic programming, introduction to 2D programming with code. Four-day one project that was part of the academic mission 2017 pre-conference workshop program. Academic mission is an open source conference that has been held yearly in various places in Turkey. One of the most important parts of it is that before the conference, there was a workshop series aimed at students. And these are usually free of charge. Students only need to pay for their stay at a local dorm and their travel. And the year I was there, there was 2,000 students and a lot of workshops. Most of the technical stuff, but there was a few music and art related things as well. So I had 19 people signed up, 15 people showed up because undergrad. Mostly students are coming to engineering because it's an open source conference. They are the ones who are most interested. Although I had some other engineering students and a lecturer who was in the mix. Nobody had any prior experience with art. I asked. So we started from the beginning. So presented the students with the basics of composition and color. I introduced them to coding as a tool integral to artistic practice. That was my primary goal. To have them use programming, not as a programming tool, or something to create tools necessarily, but to make art. So they had to think of it like using brushes. One example, one thing I did, for example, was first assignment was using two ellipses and making a composition out of those two ellipses. At this point they didn't know each statement, they didn't know four ellipses. They just knew how to draw ellipses on processing code. We were using processing code. Students started to engage in experiments within the end of the first day. This was either the first day evening or the second day morning. This was a student who had done really coding prior. One thing that I was not expecting, a lot of them had very little experience in coding. So we did actually end up doing covering the basics. And by the time we were done, sorry for the image quality by the way, many of them had mastered the concepts by the end of the workshop. So one group was really going off by the end of the first day and another group really just did open up by the second day. One threatening group finally relaxed to experiment and play around with at the end of four days after tweeters are trying to convince them that, you know, do your own thing, don't just copy what I'm doing. But yeah, these were the results. One student, which I was not expecting, went completely sidetracked instead of like doing artworks he started working with to play around with the idea of analyzing existing images. This was not what I was teaching, but that's where he went. So like here he's trying to, this is pretty simple, and he was just trying to look into which color out of RGB is dominant in the painting, in different pixels. The experience, it was four days, students were generally very enthusiastic and this is a curriculum that worked. And this is something I'm still constantly to work on both as workshop and more teaching materials but then I got sidetracked by the experiment too. Since September 2018, I'm teaching at ITU, which is a local technical university. The university is actually one of the more high-ranking ones in Turkey and it's mostly engineering programs and architecture programs. And I did actually approach them thinking that I would be teaching creative coding but as it turns out they had needed certain classes and photography was the one I agreed to teach. I actually didn't share what I was doing until a week before the class and I realized I'm teaching art with open source and this is something I've been creating for the past year and I'm just doing it. That happened. So yeah, that wasn't exactly planned. My goal was when I was planning this class was I'm going to be teaching photography with basics, editing basics and creative coding again. Also, Mr. University course parts, this is not a workshop. This has been so far talked twice. It's about 15 students to 17 students because Erasmus and drug people come in during the ad drug period are talented for a mix of engineering and architecture so it's mostly turned out for a few years a lot of people want to take photography and later years register for it so that's all it works. They have a variety of experience in background and art and photography some were interested in art, they didn't do it. The most experienced student I had was someone who had done photography for about six years as a hobby. I have also students who said that they never taken a photograph before including for social media. Or so they said. So what was the existing course outcomes? This is a standard photography course. It's been talked by multiple instructors in different ways so my outcomes still have to fit the standard outcomes of the introduction to photography course. I also put myself the goal because I think this is something that needs to be explored that the students when they finish the course should be able to work theoretically doing photography jobs or that is relevant to their skills. So they should be able to work with open source software that I'm going to teach the class with but at the same time if they need to they should be able to use the industry standard software. And the third thing that I put myself as a goal was it's not just important for them to be using open source software. I can't teach them to be developers and I don't think that should be the goal but maybe they should get used to the idea that the tools are not ready to make things that are immutable. You can change them or you can make your own. So that was the point of having coding in there. And how do you achieve that is the question. This is a pinhole lens I made from the existing adapter and a cardboard and a menu. It leaves a lot of light so I don't need to add more tape to it. Don't make the mistake I did, just add more tape. So this was one example I brought them as an example of how does the camera work. Also, societal. It's actually pretty obvious if you think about it and it's not like something that is reinventing that novel. What I am doing is rather than teaching them software I am trying to teach them the concepts so that they understand exactly what they are doing and what exactly the software is doing. So we start with composition and things they don't need to know in terms of aesthetics, composition and color and the levels of that. These things just get confused and mixed up in the order of teaching but these were very clear structures that they had. We talked about how humans see the light because photography is not just some abstract thing that is documenting the reality. No, it is just the way we... Nothing we see is exactly real. Not about the camera series, not what we see with our eyes. It's always an interpretation of something. So first, we discussed about how humans see the light, how we see the world, how our eyes work, things like that. We also discussed how the camera represents the light. We discussed practical things like aperture and shutter speed, like how we expose an image, how we make sure that the image is well lit. But we also discussed things like how does the sensor, what is there, filter? For example, or that how does an image file store the data This is a simplistic way. I'm not talking about the compression algorithm. I'm talking about just the general idea that it is a canvas, it's a silhouette, there is also vector images and what are they. Simple things. And once we get there, we can discuss what the software does to the data. And we do all of this with processing dark table, and new game. So basically rather than telling them, you need to make sure that you don't have huge spikes in your and of your histograms. What we did is that we are going to I did in front of them, I didn't have Santa code, but in front of them started writing a code that's going to take the canvas, put the image in there, explain what different parts of the code did, what's the function, what is the statement, what is for loop, etc. Show them pixel array, first taking an image, then making an image grayscale, then making a histogram of that image. So when they see a histogram, they understand exactly what is going on, on any software, not just a specific one. And they also understand the difference between a logarithmic histogram and a linear histogram and why what does that mean and potentially why that has been chosen. So we also see in tools like how do you deal with what can your own code do that is not necessarily available in the software. For example, we had a sample code that again I did write and show in front of them that they could use if they tried to. So far more than it did, but somebody's similar. That is taking two images that has taken side by side and making another part of it, a stereo image that is red and cyan. So just to demonstrate that you can create tools that are not necessarily available and that that is not something that is up there and out of reach. So after all of this information, obviously, once they start seeing basics of editing using a software, it was actually filled with a lot of background information about why we were doing that edit and why we were choosing to do the edit that way and what maybe perhaps the algorithms or what does the contrast do, what does the tone care do, what does the blur do. They have at least some idea as to what is happening. These students were given in second half of the class Ratchet and Small Assignments a final project that they're going to work on. The students had a series of keywords to choose from. Their task is to choose two keywords built because they're inspired by these keywords to create a series of images based on that and the result, this was one student who decided to take a picture of two sides of the two different locations, public spaces. So a ferry station, a bazaar and a mall. At night, once it was isolated and during the day, once it was busy, and then he combined those two images to express the difference of the people being there and not being their mates. So this was made by using dark table and gap. Another student decided to take the keywords to be an empty and imaginary world where humanity had vanished. This student, oh, I forgot to put this on, actually ended up using Photoshop. Oh, by the way, I taught this class in Opus Air Software. They were welcome to use any tools they wanted. Another student ended up using, you know, noise and dark as keywords and did works that explored the chaos and noise of the city that has congested and filled with buildings. And what she was using was actually reflections of skyscrapers that reflected even more buildings and sometimes that one tree that was left isolated among everything else. Another student was working much in a more autobiographical sort of way, son and life, and she used that as an idea of how this son sort of brings her positivity when she shies her in the morning from her window. So she first out of use again. By the way, some of the students did mix up open source and commercial software. Some students just went completely open source software once they realized they pulled and that this was a useful tool. The last one, the keyword was life and noise and the student actually started working with caves near Istanbul that had early human civilizations in it to reflect the difference between the modern city and the caves that were there. The last student, just son and blue, what if this son was a blue star instead of being the yellow star that it is and how that would change our world around it and then completely on side by side. Dark Table in this case. Of course, when you start teaching class rather than a workshop, it goes according to plan. You might have to not give an assignment to April 2nd because Dark Table has a very humorous April Fool joke in it that shows up when you open your software in April 1st. Can you please not have your full breaking jokes in future? I beg you, the students are already having a hard time. Just saying. I appreciate it. I think it's funny but at the same time it's just like... Is there an option to turn it off now? Yeah, let's say you do not throw it off April 1st. Okay. I'm glad to hear that, I didn't know that, thank you. But still, I mean, it's just... Yeah, maybe, alright. So, all just aside, experimenting is harder when greater involved because coding isn't a thing and when they think that they're integrated even through when they're not going to, they get scared and their minds elsewhere. Also, students are more likely to go for alternative that they perceive is safer and unfortunately safer ends up being familiar, already installed and they'll know. Even if they haven't used before, they heard from their friends that this is the best software and that's what they're time to go for and I have to convince them that no, actually it's easier to do the entire thing than it is on Photoshop. I have to have this conversation for a particular case of use. And then most of all, they will try to do something with the commercial software that's really it's incompatible with like Panorama stuff and then get stuck on the science which is my main concern. I use an installation on the lines systems are often the nose and mouth which poses increasing number of problems and options are even more focused on cameras and smartphones and this is a very serious problem because I have one student who refused to use her his best best stuff altogether. He was like, I want to do everything all at the same time on my phone. I was at first very surprised and then it was just like yeah, wait, okay 10 years from now this is going to be half of the classroom we need to think about this. It's not depression. Education is not a replacement for advocacy. We need to do this. It's important to teach some open source tools and it is good to be we can do this today but this needs to happen together with advocacy and other strategies that we have in place. A lot of students get to use open software in some of their work or all. Students prefer to use commercial alternatives adapted by information basically the whole idea of transparency didn't work that they were able to use the information they learned elsewhere I guess that did work, that was fine as they have used the commercial software in the open source. We can't work on advocacy and promotional open source software right now and we are doing that. We need more software agnostic or open source software basically. Educational material and curriculum and for me at least that's the next step.


All right, guys, we're going to get started. Please have a seat. Welcome back from lunch. It's great to see that there are so many conversations going on. I'm glad that everybody got a chance to connect over lunch. We're now going to turn to our co-sponsors, the Georgetown Climate Center, to walk us through some opportunities for institutionalizing resilience approaches and local laws, ordinances, regulations, and policies with a focus on strategies for facilitating retreat. We have them here up virtually, and we have tested the system, so everything is going to work smoothly, I know. Jessica Granis is the adaptation program director for Georgetown Climate Center and is a staff attorney and adjunct professor at the Harrison Institute for Public Law at Georgetown University School of Law. Jessica oversees staff and student research and analysis of federal, state, and local adaptation efforts. Prior to joining the Harrison Institute, she was the staff counsel for the California State Coastal Conservancy and the Ocean Protection Council. She holds a BA from the University of Chicago, a JD cum laude from University of California Hastings College of Law, and an LLM with honors from Georgetown Law. Joining Jessica is Katie Spidliari, an Institute associate at the Georgetown Climate Center, where she provides legal and policy analysis on adaptation projects at the federal, state, and local levels. Her work focuses on adaptation in the coastal sector, including evaluating land use and other tools and strategies, such as managed retreat, to adapt to rising seas and flooding. Prior to joining the Climate Center, Katie worked at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and state environmental agencies in Maryland and North Carolina. Katie graduated magna cum laude with a JD from Cleveland Marshall College of Law and the University of Virginia, where she received two degrees with distinction in history and an interdisciplinary environmental thought and practice program. So welcome, Jessica and Katie. Thank you all. I'm sorry we didn't make it. The travel gods were not with us. So we're sad that we're not there in person with everybody, but glad that the Marine Affairs Institute and Roger Williams are so resilient and adaptable that they were able to pipe us in with them. But we are going to be talking about the happy solution side of the house today after all of the scary talk about liability early this morning. We're going to talk about what you can do about it. But for those of you who are not familiar with the Georgetown Climate Center, we are an institute based at Georgetown Law School. We tend to be lawyers and policymakers. And we were created by the states to be a resource for the states on climate policy, both preparing for the impacts of climate change, adaptation, and also reducing the greenhouse gas pollutants that cause climate change or mitigation. We provide legal and policy support to state and local governments to help them address the legal and policy considerations they need to navigate to implement solutions on the ground. And you've heard a lot today about the impacts of climate change and sea level rise. So I'm not going to belabor that. But these pictures of flooded communities and damaged infrastructure and eroded landscapes are all becoming all too common. We're seeing more and more of these impacts, more severe storms hitting our shores and flooding our communities. In addition to those storms, the future also has impacts in store as well. In the Northeast region, you're looking at an additional 71% chance of extreme heavy rainfall events, according to the last National Climate Assessment. You're also looking at more intense heat waves. This is a low emission scenario where you're likely to see three to four additional degrees of average temperatures. And that is much more bleak under a high emission scenario where you're looking at upwards of eight to 10 degrees change in average temperatures. And that means more heat waves. For example, in Boston, they're estimating that by the end of the century, they're going to experience 90 days over 90 degrees as compared to 10 days currently. So that is pretty scary. The other thing that we're going to see more of is more flooding because of the sea level rise projections that are in store. These are the sea level rise projections from the last National Climate Assessment. And as you can see, that we are on the low end of that trajectory that's only going to get worse into the future. And what we do on mitigation is going to drastically affect how much more sea level rise we see in the future. This climate assessment estimated between 0.7 to 6.6 feet of additional sea level rise by 2100, but more recent updated numbers are looking at rapid ice sheet melt scenarios that have projections up to 9 or 10 feet of additional sea level rise. And so this is old maps of the Northeast coast that look at what would be inundated with 1 meter of sea level rise, a little over 3 feet of sea level rise. And that's a large portion of the coast. And it doesn't account for what happens in those big storm events where you get storm surge on top of additional sea level rise. Hey, Jessica, I'm going to interrupt you for a second. We're actually not seeing your slides. We're seeing that very first slide. Can you try to? I know it was working before. OK. Maybe go now to the slide that you're on. Now we can see them. OK. So this is 1 meter of sea level rise along the Northeast coast. And then we also talked about some of the legal aspects in terms of the National Flood Insurance Program, but just to put a finer point on how difficult it will be to adapt to those increasing rates of sea level rise. This is a flood insurance rate map for Shadyside, Maryland. The area in blue shows what's currently in their 100-year flood plain. So this is where homeowners will have to design their structures to be more resilient to flooding and carry flood insurance in case they are impacted. And this is what the state projects will be permanently inundated with 5 to 10 feet of sea level rise. So if you look back, you'll recognize that all of the people in that white area are going to have structures that are not built to withstand flooding. And they're not going to be carrying flood insurance because they're not required to for the most part. And so at a local level, this makes it particularly challenging to adopt flood plain regulations that account for these future increasing risks of flooding that we're going to be seeing in our communities and are already seeing today. And that is because the flood insurance rate maps that we use for regulatory purposes are based on historical data alone. And in many cases, that data is decades out of date. So what do we do about it? In the coastal context, we talk about three different strategies for preparing for impacts. You can take your protection approach, which is building your seawalls and your levees to keep floodwaters out. And this is traditionally used in denser developed areas where you have a lot of tax base to support these big infrastructure projects to keep floodwaters out. In less dense development areas, you have the accommodation approach or the house on stilts. So you elevate structures so that floodwaters don't damage them as much during these extreme events. And then there's the retreat approach. So moving, relocating, development out of harm's way, enhancing natural systems to provide natural flood buffers. And Katie's going to talk more about what those retreat options look like. When thinking about your types of solutions, it's important to recognize that there are a couple, lots of legal questions that local governments in particular need to ask to determine whether or not they can implement something. So the first question is authority. What authority do you have at the local level to zone and plan to implement different adaptation options? Where has the state agencies taken over those rules and that no longer gets regulated at the local level? Actions have to comply with a variety of different state laws, including state coastal management programs, floodplain requirements, wetland regulations, historic preservation requirements. It has to also comply with federal laws, so the National Flood Insurance Program, Clean Water Act requirements, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and then you have your constitutional questions. So will this regulation impose a taking on private property? Does it comport with substantive due process requirements that requires teachers be implemented? And in the coastal context in particular, it gets very tricky because you have three layers of entities regulating. So in the upland, you have local governments regulating through floodplain ordinances and zoning ordinances. In that intertidal area, you also have state agencies that have a regulatory role through coastal management laws and wetlands laws. And then in your open ocean and wet beach area, you also have a federal role through Clean Waters Act, Rivers and Harpers Act. And they also affect what we can do along the shore, including things like living shorelines and hard armoring protection projects. So what does that look like in our cartoon village? So in the accommodation area where you're using that House on Stilts approach to common regulatory barriers that crop up our historic preservation laws that don't let you make visible exterior changes to a structure. So it can be very difficult to elevate or change a historic structure. The Americans with Disabilities Act also requires that public structures remain accessible to people with disabilities. So you can't have a structure that requires stairs to enter. You need to think about elevators and ramps and other ways to access those elevated structures. Clean Water Act can limit what you can do in terms of armoring and living shorelines. And then in the retreat context, that's where you come into challenges with taking law and grandfathering provisions of coastal management. Statutes often require local governments to allow existing uses to be rebuilt, even if they're damaged in a storm event. So it's very difficult for local governments to phase out existing development where that development is protected by grandfathering provisions. And then you have the policy considerations. So in your retreat zone, hard armoring is costly to build. It needs to be designed with future sea level rise, which only increases the cost. And it also has environmental impacts to coastal ecosystems. And as Thomas was pointing out, oftentimes, that armoring can be overtopped. And it can exacerbate the damage that you see in the event of these large events, like we saw in New Orleans after Katrina when the levee system failed. On the policy considerations for your retreat zone, here we're dealing with issues of social displacement. So if you're buying out communities, what happens to those communities? Do they lose their social networks and their community that helps them maintain their lives and livelihoods? But there are environmental benefits that can be achieved through retreat policies. You can restore and enhance those natural floodplains. So just to truncate this social displacement environmental benefits from retreat, but public acceptance needs to be a strategy designed with community in concert with community and not a top-down approach. So the good news is that there is action happening at the state and local level. The blue states here are states that have comprehensive statewide adaptation plans. This is from our state adaptation tracker, and then we've updated it to include Rhode Island. So you guys should be dark blue on our new map. This is old. And then the black dots are local governments that have adaptation plans. And then the light blue states are those that have some planning that is happening at the state level. And we're gonna talk about some innovative local examples of state and local governments that are doing things to prepare for the impacts of climate change. So at the local level, planning. Planning is an important first step to understanding what your risks are and developing the strategy that you want to take to prepare your community for impacts. This is the city of Baltimore's hazard mitigation plan where they did a combined hazard mitigation plan and adaptation plan and identified strategies for not only addressing sea level rise and flooding, but also addressing stormwater overflow flooding and inland flooding, as well as urban heat islands, which is a big risk for them. Some of their recommendations include increasing urban tree canopy, increasing the resilience of critical infrastructure, and using the 500 year flood plan to make decisions about the development and design of buildings. And they implemented that approach. So when they received revised flood plain maps in 2011, their revised flood plain maps actually shrunk their flood plain and it took areas out of their flood plain that would be subject that were no longer subject to flood insurance or flood plain regulations that areas that had flooded during Hurricane Isabel. So what they did to hold that old line was extend flood plain regulations to the 500 year flood plain. And as a result of that effort and other efforts that they took in terms of preserving open space and enhancing green infrastructure to manage stormwater, they were able to enter the community rating system that Dina was talking about earlier and entered as a class five community, rewarding them with I believe 20% discounts, maybe 25% discounts on insurance premiums for residents and businesses in their community, which is huge for a densely developed older urban city like Baltimore that's relatively unheard of. They're the first. Also in Norfolk, Virginia, they used planning as a tool and what they did was took a longer planning timeframe. So rather than the standard 30 year planning timeframe that many comprehensive plans use, they looked out to 2100. And they also use this as a way to think about how they want to shift development patterns to address future sea level rise. So this map shows how they designated different areas in Norfolk. The red are their economic engine areas where the port is and the base military bases. And these are areas where they wanna build up, densify and protect because they know these are their critical economic assets. The yellow areas are their adapt or accommodate zones where they wanna limit major investment to reduce development pressure, but also help their landowners recoup the value that they're going to lose in their land to the water and educate those property owners about what future sea level rise holds for their investments. The green areas are new urban development areas. These are their high and dry corridors. And this is where they want to invest and drive future growth in the region. In the purple areas are areas that are currently underdeveloped where they also could benefit from better connections to transit and other areas where they could build future communities that will be more resilient to flooding. And similarly, Norfolk took action to implement these recommendations from their plan. They recently adopted through a zoning ordinance change or resilience quota system to help the city enhance the resilience of the built environment. And the way that the zoning ordinance works is that it requires construction in the 100 year flood plain to have three feet be elevated three feet above the base flood elevation. And also requires that construction in the 500 year flood plain be elevated or flood proof to 1.5 feet above the 500 year elevation. They created a coastal resilience overlay zone to include additional provisions to reduce stormwater runoff through stormwater infiltration requirements. And they created an upland resilience overlay areas outside of flood hazard areas where they want to encourage redevelopment that creates transit oriented walkable bikeable communities. And then the quotient system depending on the size of the development they have to earn a certain number of credits to receive a permit. And you can earn credits in different categories like risk reduction. So rewarding things like elevating mechanical equipment or using impact resistant construction. They can earn credits for energy resilience measures like installing onsite solar and backup power. And then stormwater management strategies like green roofs or pervious paving systems native vegetation and trees. Boston has a similar approach through their adaptation checklist where large scale new development is required to assess potential impacts from sea level rise and other climate change impacts and then install measures to reduce risks from those climate change scenarios. And this is a spalding hospital which was built before the checklist provisions were put in place but demonstrates what you can do at a site level to prepare a structure for future impacts. So this hospital includes things like locating critical equipment on the roof. It's elevated to the 100 year floodplain but based upon sea level rise projections out to 2085. It has operable windows so that if power goes out you can maintain cooling in this building by opening the windows. And then it also includes landscaping features like berms in the landscaping that dampen storm surge and green roofs that provide insulation and manage stormwater. Another example of our more rural community a smaller community. This is Durham, New Hampshire and they created an advisory climate risk area which is shown here in pink. And these are the areas outside of flood hazard areas or the 100 year floodplain that have risks of flooding given future sea level rise scenarios for Durham. And in those areas they're not requiring any additional flood resilience measures but they are advising that new development and redevelopment in these areas incorporate flood resilient design standards. And so they'll use this as a way to educate and work with homeowners and developers to help them understand what their flood risks are and how they can implement building measures to reduce risks. Some local governments are raising revenues to help them implement projects to reduce flood risks. So this is a measure AA that they passed in the nine County San Francisco Bay Area where they assessed a $12 per year parcel tax to support marsh restoration and coastal adaptation projects. It was approved with 70% of the vote and it will generate 25 million annually they estimate and 500 million over 20 years. And then the District of Columbia is doing a lot to implement green stormwater management approaches to reduce urban drainage flooding from those more heavy rainfall events and green infrastructure also helps reduce urban heat islands. So they have a stormwater credit trading system in the district.  And if you can't retain on site you can purchase credits through a stormwater credit trading system for 50% of that retention which creates monetary incentive for other landowners to go above and beyond the retention standards on their own site and then use the money they can gain on the market to maintain and keep those systems functional. But local governments as we've heard are not in this alone state government has a role to support and fund and help them take this action these actions that they need to take. And some examples of where states are intervening is in California they recognize that local governments need the data and tools and other examples of jurisdictions that are taking action to help local governments understand what their risks are and develop strategies to adapt. So they have the Cal Adapt tool which is a one stop portal where local governments can find the data and resources and science and assessments that have been completed for the state to help local governments take action. In Maryland they are getting their own house in order by setting the CoSmart construction guidelines that require that any state investments in infrastructure or facilities be designed with sea level rise in mind. And these inform local investments as well to the extent that local governments are using state funds to implement a project. And some of the counties in the eastern shore are looking at the CoSmart rules as a guideline for changing how they do capital improvement planning so that they're factoring in future sea level rise as they do capital improvement planning. In Connecticut after Hurricane Sandy they had bond funding that they used to set up the shore up Connecticut program that provided low interest loans to homeowners to help them elevate above the base flood elevation and retrofit their homes to accommodate future flood risk. In Hawaii they're using a hotel tax to pay for beach restoration and shoreline enhancements to reduce flood risk. And in Iowa after their catastrophic flooding in 2008 they set up a flood mitigation program that uses sales tax revenues to fund flood mitigation projects and one of the projects they implemented this is Cedar Falls that has catastrophic flooding and Cedar Rapids, sorry, that had catastrophic flooding in 2008 and the flood mitigation program funded buyouts and a greenway restoration project in the city to reduce future flood risk and create recreational amenities along the stream. Another thing that local governments can consider is developing disaster recovery plans. So thinking about what you want your community to look like after a disaster hits and when you have those federal dollars coming your way to help you implement mitigation and adaptation projects. And this is an example of a project that was funded through the National Disaster Resilience Competition and Rebuild by Design in Bridgeport, Connecticut where they took a systems wide look at their community and thought about infrastructure and assets and vulnerable populations and how they could implement a variety of different projects that could work together to enhance community resilience. So everything from elevating roads to make sure that there's access out of these communities during storm events to living shorelines and burns to keep floodwaters out to resilient hubs to make sure that people that are left behind have a place to go to support emergency services and recovery efforts. And there were a whole series of projects that were through the Rebuild by Design competition that show what you can do in the aftermath of a disaster to take a more system approach. And it's showing that our internet connection is unstable again, so I'm hoping we don't lose you. But Katie's gonna take it over now so I'll talk to you about retreat. That's what I think, Jessica. And hello, everyone. I'm Katie Spilieri as Julia did a wonderful job of pronouncing my last name. We're gonna take a more focused look now at some options that local governments can explore for looking at managed retreat as one strategy to adapt to sea level rise. That's not to say that it's the only or always the preferred option, but it's becoming more and more of a hot topic and a necessity in some communities, particularly as additional sea level rise projections and flooding is becoming more available in addition to more frequent and intense natural disasters that we're experiencing on both coasts. So I'm gonna start by looking at some tools that local governments can consider to implement retreat in their own jurisdictions. And then from there, we'll look at some legal policy considerations that should be part of sort of a holistic decision-making process to promote sort of bottom-up community-engaged processes that also incorporate other factors like ecosystems that should be taken into account. So one of the main strategies that people can use is local governments can incorporate adaptation measures like retreat into their comprehensive plans. Resilient Edgemere is one example of those. Resilient Edgemere is a small urban community in New York City on a barrier island in the Rockways in Jamaica Bay. Prior to Hurricane Sandy, the city was looking at investments in Edgemere to try and do things with a lot of vacant land the city owned and also to encourage economic development. After Hurricane Sandy, those challenges were exacerbated by storm surge and other impacts from Hurricane Sandy. So the city worked with the community in a bottom-up process over the course of two years to flesh out what this community's vision would be for Edgemere. There are multiple components to the plan, but managed retreat does factor into that. If you look at the difference between the short-term and long-term visions at the bottom, you'll see that as a result of the longer-term vision for Edgemere, the city would like to buy out approximately 16 acres near the shoreline, working with homeowners to incentivize their movement into vacant land that the city owns into higher areas that are less vulnerable in the city and then turn the coastal area into open space so that way residents throughout the community can have a closer access and benefit of being near the water. But in addition, the open space along the coast wall, also reduce flood risk for the entire community. The city would seek to accomplish this by creating a hazard mitigation zone overlay district and then once voluntary or if voluntary property biodes occurred in that zone, then they would put deed restrictions on the land to prevent future residential development in that area. Jessica mentioned some state buyout programs, but Charlotte Mecklenburg County in North Carolina has an innovative local buyout program. If you see it, you can compare the images on the left and the right over a nine-year period. This area experienced three significant floods and as a result of that spent $15 million to conduct a series of voluntary biodes in the flood plain. One of the most unique features of the buyout program is that the city doesn't just rely on federal disaster recovery dollars to be able to buy out these properties, but they also have leveraged local stormwater fees to be able to do this. So this has been official because they can be proactive with buyouts when they're interested homeowners and also be able to reach out to homeowners that are ineligible for buyouts based on sort of requirements from the federal emergency management agency. This program has shown that with the $15 million that the city put into things, there have been estimates that future flood damages would have cost up to 400% times the 15 million that they put into it. So it's showing to be a good return on investment in addition to enhancing green space and other recreational amenities in the flood plain. So those are two strategies that local governments can consider to acquire vulnerable development, but retreat doesn't just consider what you can do with what's already there, but how you can proactively plan to limit development or redevelopment in vulnerable areas. In Hawaii, the island has one of the most stringent setback requirements in the nation. The county relied on a scientific-based erosion study to be able to cross the setback line so that way development couldn't move seaward as a result of the baseline. The baseline is set by erosion-based limits, as I mentioned, and there's a minimum 40 feet setback from that baseline in addition to either 70 to 100 times the annual erosion rate depending on a building's footprint. In Massachusetts, as was mentioned earlier this morning, there are opportunities for overlay districts to place additional restrictions on development in areas that are vulnerable to sea-level rise and other climate-induced threats. Although they're a little bit different, both Chatham and Oak Bluffs in Massachusetts have overlay districts included in their local ordinances to prevent residential development from occurring in the 100-year flood plain, and only limited uses like recreational activities are allowed and also coastal-dependent uses like ports that require a special use permit. All right, moving from the tools into different legal and policy considerations that should be a part of a holistic managed retreat, decision-making process or program, one of the biggest that we've seen today is the need for local governments to consider potential takings liability, whether they're acquiring new development or limiting, acquiring old development, limiting new or redevelopment. So I'm not going to spend too much time going into some of the facts that we already talked about today.  But I think the biggest takeaway is that as governments craft these strategies, while there's a low threshold for plaintiffs to be able to bring a takings claim, generally, and again, it's going to depend on jurisdictions, there is sort of a higher bar that plaintiffs have to be able to prove for taking so governments may be a plus libel so long as there's a legitimate public interest served by the action that they're taking and there's a reasonable connection to the restriction that they're placing on the plaintiff's property and ultimately the outcome they're trying to get. Another big area of law that affects managed retreat is receding sea levels rise in the coastal area as local governments need to consider state coastal zone management programs and see how the two can sort of align to support local action. This past year, Rhode Island passed the nation's first ever shoreline change special area management plan or beach stamp. And the idea with this plan is to account for climate change impacts facing the coast in Rhode Island and provide guidance and tools to local governments to be able to plan for it, particularly through the permitting of development projects so that way applicants are aware of the risks that they may be encountering. The SAM includes managed retreat or relocation as an option that developers and local governments should be aware of although it doesn't prescribe or elevate one adaptation option over another. It encourages people to think about this proactively as they're creating site plans or planning what they're going to do on a particular property and maybe consider relocating out of areas that will be exposed to sea level rise or if you're creating and installing infrastructure designing for the lifespan of that infrastructure over the longer term and not just a short term. At the local level, the island of Lanai in Hawaii we're moving from a special area management plan to a special management area where the boundaries of the special management areas in Hawaii according to their coastal program are endowed with enhanced restrictions based on trying to protect the coastal environment and the tourism that it brings to the state. This past year Lanai updated its special management area for the first time since the 1970s to include impacts from tsunamis, sea level rise and also coastal erosion to ensure that these areas are getting increased management attention and efforts. All right, so we've been talking a lot about the different types of development tools local governments can use, but there isn't sort of just a hard non-living component managed retreat strategies as Jessica alluded to also impact ecosystems and humans. So we're going to take sort of a look at how managed retreat considerations can factor into the living element of these. Coastal ecosystems in response to sea level rise are being impacted by a phenomenon known as coastal squeeze where sea level rise and other coastal hazards are moving sea, landward and development can be moving seaward. So coastal ecosystems like marshes that are unable to adapt to these changes are often getting degraded or being completely lost. In the state of Florida, this legislature passed a law that basically allowed local governments to include what are called adaptation action areas and their comprehensive plans which are essentially overlay districts that will focus on increased planning, investments and attention to areas that are impacted by sea level rise. In the state, traditionally a lot of the examples of adaptation action areas being implemented have been used to look at sort of impacts to infrastructure, but in the town of Yankee town they've taken a different approach. Yankee town is a small rural community on the coast of Florida and they sort of pride themselves on and they are well known for their salt marshes and also their forests there. As the community has witnessed impacts to and loss of those ecosystems, they added to their comprehensive plan what's termed a natural resource adaptation action area which basically allows the city to one, take a look at sort of prioritizing and potentially acquiring inland areas to facilitate the inland migration of these habitats so they won't be lost and two, to take a closer look at development that would be permitted in areas where the ecosystems would be migrating so that they would either not permit development or development that would be permitted there would be more restricted and still allow for these ecosystems to migrate. So for instance, buildings could be elevated or they could be movable. From ecosystem component to humans, the concept of esteemed communities is basically a broad based term to describe the areas to which people may be relocating. So the areas to which people may be relocating could be like as Jessica mentioned with Norfolk, areas that are sort of prioritized for higher density within a given city. They could be a neighboring city or region but as we've seen with migrations after natural disasters this year and even Hurricane Maria and Puerto Rico, people aren't necessarily even going to stay in the same state and maybe relocating elsewhere. So the idea of receiving communities is just that people are relocating to somewhere away from the coast. In Louisiana, that state is facing the greatest rate of coastal land loss in the country and as a part of different efforts to address this issue, the state partnered with the Nonprofit Foundation for Louisiana to create the Louisiana Safe or Louisiana Strategic Adaptations for Future Environments Program. At a high level, the state used disaster recovery funding to create a community-based bottom-up approach to look at development and six affected parishes who are facing the greatest threat of land loss and try to work with the communities to, one, educate them about the coastal threats they're facing as a result of climate change and two, seek their input to inform 10 pilot projects that the government would fund in higher ground receiving areas to try and promote more resilient development. Pilot projects in higher ground receiving areas included things like resilient housing prototypes with energy efficient systems to economic development incubators to try and educate people about different job skills in the community. So if they move from one area to another, they could still have the potential to get non-coastal job skills. This map, just to take a quick look at it, looks at census data from 2000 to 2010. And essentially you'll look at the red areas along the coast, which are the most vulnerable, losing population and the green areas further inland to where they've been migrating. All right, while the Louisiana State Model is a broad-scale sort of community engagement project, other local governments are confronting the question of manager sheet and how to just even engage communities in those discussions and start those discussions. Briefly, New Hampshire is sort of piloting some different community engagement models to talk to people about managed retreat. The state coastal management program, along with the non-profit Seabourg Hamptons Estuary Alliance, worked with the community of Hampton to in general, sort of explore the subject of adaptation more broadly through a series of workshops. And one innovative part of this community engagement strategy was to ask residents opinions about a buyout or managed retreat program so that way they could inform potential actions at the local level if the local government Hampton decides to take on a managed retreat program or more broadly hazard mitigation or adaptation plan. Looking at this slide briefly, you can see that in general, the strongly agrees respondents and agrees respondents in pink and purple and yellow. Basically the community respondents to this survey agreed that buyout or managed retreat programs could be useful in preventing recurring development that is occurring in these vulnerable areas and being damaged and help with property and health and safety issues. But they have concerns or questions about how buyout or managed retreat programs could affect local tourism or tax bases. And last but certainly not least, any adaptation strategy used to have the necessary funding to be able to plan for and implement it. While a lot of tools and ideas in this area are funded in especially buyouts by post disaster recovery dollars, some states and local governments are taking the lead on providing proactive sources of funding. This was mentioned earlier on this past year, Massachusetts passed a $2.4 trillion bill that funds a variety of things in addition to pass the law, in addition to other things that funds the state's municipal vulnerability or program or MVP program that provides technical and funding assistance to local governments to look at creating climate vulnerability assessments and adapting to climate change. And already there are some municipalities along the coast that have identified managed retreat as a strategy that they'd like to consider. Really? Oh, really. We can stop there. Yeah, okay. We can stop there. I think we're running out of time, but if you want to find any of these examples, you could find them on our adaptation clearing house where many of these are captured and you can figure out, find the primary source materials talking about these policies and tools. All right, we do have a couple of minutes for questions and I'm gonna stay up at the mic in case Jessica and Katie, you can't hear the questions, although they have microphones as well and then I will repeat the questions if you can't hear them. So let me know if you can hear them. So do we have any questions for Jessica and Katie? No questions. We've bored people to tears. I don't think so. I think they just have received a lot of information. All right, well, if there's no questions, what we're gonna do now is break into, well, first of all, let's thank Jessica and Katie. Thank you. We're going to break into our breakout groups and Cody's gonna grab my agenda and hand it to me. And I'm gonna tell you what room the breakout groups are in and I'm gonna let you guys know what rooms they're in and we do have about an even divide based on what you said, so feel free to go to whatever room interests you. In room 286, which is through these doors, it's one of those classrooms opposite this wall, we're gonna have integrating adaptation into state and local plans and that is the group that Jessica and Katie were originally scheduled to lead and they are going to be virtually in there but we are having Deanna and Deena lead that group in person in addition to having them in the room. In the room right next door to it, we have 285 institutionalizing resilience and ordinances and codes. We have Reed and Elena are gonna be leading that group. And then in 262, which is right opposite, right where you guys had lunch, it's the room opposite here, we have legal aspects of adapting infrastructure and you can find Thomas and Melissa leading that group. So please go on into your groups and we're gonna meet back here at four o'clock. Thank you.


MD city in evaluation of ampullary and peri-ampullary tumours with histopathological correlation. Introduction to ampoule of water is an important landmark where the CPD and MPD converged in the major duodenal papilla. Peri-ampullary lesions arise within two centimetres of ampoule and duodenum and include lesions from pancreatic head, lower CBD, peri-ampullary duodenum and from within ampoule itself. There are several imaging modalities available which includes endoscopic ultrasound, ERCP, MRI and CT. CT has evolved as a predominant single modality for diagnosis and pre-operative staging of ampullary and peri-ampullary tumours. The aims of this study was to evaluate ampullary and peri-ampullary tumours by MD city and correlate the findings with histopathology. The objectives were to determine the efficacy of MD city imaging in evaluation of ampullary and peri-ampullary tumours and to correlate with histopathological studies to differentiate between benign and malignant tumours. Materials and methods, source of data, patients with clinical suspicion of any ampullary and peri-ampullary tumours refer to the department of radiodarnosis for CT evaluation. Method of collection of data for comparative analytical study was conducted on 44 patients. Image analysis for all the cases suspected of peri-ampullary tumours, the location and the extinction of tumours that adjacent to organ involvement, rectal status, pescular invasion, distant and lymph nodal metastasis and post-contrast enhancement of the tumours were documented. Any lesion that arises within 2 cm of the ampullar in the duodenum was analysed. The origin of such lesions could be from the pancreas, the common bile duct, the duodenum or from the ampullar itself. The status of the intrapartic biliria radicals, the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct was analysed. The lesion in the peri-ampullary region usually lead to upstream dilatation of these ducts depending upon the location of the lesion. It is called as double duct sign. However, significant dilatation was not observed in benign conditions. Signs of malignant structure include relatively abrupt narrowing of the biliary and of pancreatic duct with irregular margins in the distal narrow segment, gradual tapering of the distal parts of the ducts with smooth counters and without total obstruction was characterised as benign structure. Dilatation of the ducts down to the level of ampullar was considered to be an inconclusive finding as this can be caused by malignant as well as benign conditions. Adjacent organ involvement was determined by indistinct or ill-defined fat planes with the tumours and mainly consisted in infiltration of colon, stomach or mycentric. Vessel infiltration describes infiltration of superior mycentric vessels, portal vein and spenomocentric confluence. This was determined by ill-defined fat planes with the tumour and gazed vessel with tumour on both sides producing concentric or eccentric narrowing or occlusion of the vessel or thrombosis of the affected vessels. Distant metastasis to liver and peritoneum was evaluated. Liver metastasis were defined as more than one centimetre focal solid appearing lesions. If multiple sub-centimetric lesions without typical benign appearance were also classified as metastasis, acytas or contrast enhancing peritoneal nodules were considered as evidence of peritoneal tumour spread. Annancing lymph nodes with the short axis of more than one centimetre outside the peripancreatic draining chains were also considered as signs of metastatic disease. The HU value of pancreatic head carcinoma was slightly lower than the normal pancreatic parankaima. The arterial and venous phases show a slight early enhancement but lower than the normal pancreatic parankaima. The internal erotic area was not significantly enhanced and the boundary was unclear. In distal collangio carcinoma the thickening of the walls showed isodensity. Obvious delayed enhancement was noted in such lesions. The enhancement degree in ampillary carcinoma was higher than in pancreatic cancer and lower than in cohen welder cancer. Benign lesions did not show enhancement however they were not significant. Results and conclusion. MDCT plays a vital role in the characterization of ampillary or periampillary tumours. In our study of 44 cases, 33 patients had malignant and 11 had benign lesions in which collangio carcinoma was the most common. Out of 32 subjects with malignant lesions in HPE, 93.8% were picked up by the CT scan and 6.2% were falls negative. Out of 12 subjects with benign lesions in HPE, 25% were malignant and 75% were benign in CT. So we conclude that there is significant association between CT scan, CT scan diagnosis and HPE diagnosis in ampillary and periampillary tumours. CT diagnosis distribution of subjects. The commonest diagnosis on CT was collangio carcinoma followed by ampillary carcinoma and pancreatic head malignancy. 75% of the cases were found to be malignant. HPE diagnosis distribution of subjects. Majority of the patients who underwent biopsy were found to have adenocarcinoma. This was followed by chronic pancreatitis and non-special dodenitis on histopathological analysis. Majority were found to be malignant. This is axial CT scan showing case of group pancreatitis with calcification smootred within it. This is axial CT scan showing pancreatic head carcinoma. The carcinoma is enhancing less compared to normal pancreas. This is case of pancreatic head carcinoma, portal phase showing dilated main pancreatic duct. This is abdominal CT scan showing dilated common pancreatic duct and MPD caused by the endoluminal duodenal mass. This is contrast enhanced CT scan of the suspicion lesion at the distal end of CBD which turned out to be collangio carcinoma. This is contrast enhanced axial CT and coronal reformated image showing small polyporeal lesion representing carcinoma in the ampillary duct. This is contrast enhanced axial and coronal reconstructed CT images showing soft tissue density filling defect in distal common bile duct representing invasive grade 3 adenocarcinoma. These are my references. Thank you.