Hello everybody and welcome to video number 13 of the free online version of the fusion research lecture My name is Alp and this is a YouTube channel called Der Plasma You might remember in the last video we were still talking about magnetic field configurations in particular about this Delerator and In this video we will start to talk about what limits in the performance infusion plasmas meaning we will start with chapter 3 so today's topic is Chapter 3 and this deals with parameter Limits for Fusion plasmas So you might remember from video number. I think it was video number five that One way to describe the goal and fusion research is the following formula is to express it in the triple product Where we have the density times the temperature Times the energy confinement time and that this triple product should be larger than a certain number to achieve a burning plasma That was 0.5 mega joule second over meter cubed That was for a self Sustained so for a burning fusion plasma plasma a different way to write that inequality or to express it is by writing it as follows b squared over four mu naught Times beta Times the energy confinement time that this should be larger than this number Why writing it this way because here you can basically first Distinguish between what? Well, you can kind of separate the the factors in what? Which parameters need to be increased the first parameter here is the magnetic field and this is kind of fixed This is fixed due to technological constraints because we cannot get the magnetic field arbitrary large Then you might remember from the discussion with the energy confinement time that this is something we are working on trying to increase that and In addition here the parameter beta and by the way Hope you remember that but in case you don't remember. Let's quickly write that again beta was the Kinetic pressure so the plasma pressure Over the magnetic field pressure so over b squared over to you not And beta is actually also limited so beta is limited by on one hand side the so-called equilibrium limit equilibrium limit We will talk about that equilibrium beta limit in this video and then there is also the stability beta limit a stability limit something we will discuss in the next videos and The stability or generous stability limits can be further separated into a current Driven whoops, I think current is usually written with a T current Into current and pressure driven instabilities current and pressure driven Instabilities Now of these two limits of the equilibrium beta limit and the stability beta limit the letter one is usually the most severe limit the stronger limit Okay, to start with this topic I have a nice quote from Edward Teller which describes the problem. I think very well Edward Teller might be known to you as the father of the hydrogen bomb, but he was also a very prominent and active part of the peaceful use of fusion energy especially in the beginning and in 1954 when everything was still classified he made a conference the statement about magnetic confinement fusion This is like trying to confine plasma with magnetic field lines It's like trying to hold a blob of jelly with rubber bands and I think that describes the problem really well So let's now start to talk about the equilibrium beta limit the equilibrium Beta limit So in a simple magnetized torus that is a torus with no pole oil feed But a purely toroid field if we would have a simple Magnetized torus As I said meaning no pole oil field, but a purely toroid field or to write a chart having no twist in the magnetic field line No twist Then as you might remember from the one of the very first videos The diamagnetic current the divergence of the diamagnetic current is not zero Which means there is basically no confinement. So we had immediate loss of the plasma So we need twisted magnetic field lines I'm just to tell you that simple magnetized torus are experiments which are still Operated usually at universities to investigate losses and transport and also confinement properties But now let's have a look at the twisted magnetic field situation Thus to do this. Let's first draw again one of our beloved cross sections So let's try first to draw a circular cross section Bung Circular good Okay, now let's try to duplicate that maybe something like this and Now let's Connect these two So we are looking at the cross section which extends into this direction This is supposed to be some kind of plasma cross section Maybe for maybe it's easier to Understand this if we Get rid of this part here Make it maybe a bit clearer Okay, now in this cross section we first have the magnetic field pointing into Into the cylinder This is of course a curved cylinder. So well, let's say this group hinge to start with So twist the magnetic field line magnetic field pointing into it then We also have a magnetic field gradient So well, we have we now assume a toroid experiment as well We have a magnetic field gradient and that magnetic field gradient Points into this direction and Having a magnetic field gradient you remember that this means the diamagnetic Current is different on both sides of the plasma So we have on the outer board side where we have a lower magnetic field We have a larger diamagnetic current going for example like this This was explained in one of the first videos To indicate that this is a larger current. I try to draw a thick Arrow here and on the other side on the high field side on the inboard side We have a lower diamagnetic current because magnetic field is higher Trying to indicate this by a thinner arrow So and this green line is the diamagnetic current likewise this one of course and having now this Current being larger on the output side as one of the input side results in charge separation You might remember this plus minus and we would also have the same such separation in each polar cross section But now we have however as you remember hopefully twisted magnetic field line Connecting these areas With these areas here at the bottom and also if you were to draw them on the other side not visible here like this So having magnetic field lines blue magnetic field line going around the Taurus and Along this along these magnetic field lines charges can move freely Thus the charge accumulation cancels out so we have the fish Schlüter current remember This was called fish Schlüter current which cancels out the charge separation and here flowing In the other direction the inboard side Jps for fish Schlüter and this is what you for sure remember, right that we having a helical Magnetic field results in a additional current called the fish Schlüter current and the divergence now of the sum of the diamagnetic current and the fish Schlüter current is Again zero Now this fish Schlüter current however is of course also accompanied by magnetic fields It also creates the magnetic field and it creates a vertical magnetic field. So this creates the Vertical magnetic field now, let's try to visualize that so looking again at the pool oil cross section Oops, nope. This was not what I wanted to do looking a second trial looking again at the pool oil cross section So supposed to be concentric circuits more or less So now, please assume With a bit of fantasy Imagination sorry with a bit of imagination that these have all the same center And now this is supposed to be the pool oil magnetic field component only so we're looking only at the pool oil magnetic field component which goes like this right it goes around it and If we look at the cross section on the left hand side, we have the fish Schlüter current We have it on the left hand side flowing into the board. So here the fish Schlüter current would be like this Whereas on the other side the fish Schlüter current Sorry here points into the board sorry on the other end it points out of the board For Schlüter current if you have a look on the drawing on the left hand side and this first Schlüter current creates magnetic field Surrounding it and if you use your right hand you can get the direction into which the magnetic field points and Now the superposition of the fish Schlüter current on the low-field side and the high-field side Results in a magnetic field which points approximately upwards like this So this is the magnetic field created by the fish Schlüter currents on the low and on the high-field side oops by the Like this and this is a magnetic field. This is a vertical magnetic field due to the fish Schlüter current yes, so Due to the fish Schlüter current now the Interaction of this magnetic field with a background magnetic field in the plasma Results in a shift in a modification of the shape of the plasma because now The magnetic axis is shifted to the left in this example meaning it would look like this Flux surfaces would look like this for example So it would result in a shift So here This would be the shift of The flux surfaces of the center of the flux surface and this shift is called data Okay, so a vertigo magnetic field results in a shift and this shift is called the Shafranoff shift data Since it is so important Give it oops a yellow box and Now this Shafranoff shift increases with beta now the Shafranoff shift increases with beta because Well beta is proportional to the plasma pressure And the plasma pressure higher plasma pressure means having a higher diamagnetic current and Having a higher diamagnetic current means we have a higher we require a higher fish Schlüter current And this means the Shafranoff shift gets larger okay Now an interesting or Good an interesting question is How to get the final shape of the flux surfaces because apparently this fish Schlüter current is something which appears in every Toroidal magnetic confinement experiment where we have a twist and that is a very good question and I will only Outline the Quantitative description of how to describe this here Roughly and not to derive it in detail So I will how to give a quantitative Description and I will only outline this Now what you need to do first what we do of course is to make life simple we assume We have a system which has not a troll Royal but Tor Royal symmetry Symmetry in cylinder coordinates in cylinder Coordinates and the symmetry is with respect to the Torah direction with respect to Phi so like a talker mug and Then we can Calculate or get the magnetic field components from a few Assumptions and quantities so first of all we look at the poor loyal flux When we talked about the poor loyal flux in video 7 and video 10 and this can be Described by I was given by the following formula to pi and then the integration from 0 to capital R Then we have our prime B Z Being a function of our prime and to set in the integration with respect to our prime and this gives us the Z component Remember we use the vector potential to calculate these quantities then the Condition that the divergence of the magnetic field is zero This gives us the radial magnetic field component and then The equation that the rotation of the magnetic field is equal to mu not J this gives us the J Z component and This in turn allows us to calculate B Phi Meaning here we have the magnetic field components that we need and Now what one has to do is one has to insert Those components into the Radial component of The equilibrium condition of the equilibrium condition which read The gradient of the plasma pressure as to be balanced by J cross B and We make use of the following Quantity sorry the following equation that the radial derivative of the plasma pressure being a function of Psi Po-loyde, there's a function of R is equal to the derivative with respect to Psi of The pressure times the derivative with respect to R of Psi And what we have done here you have just Well made use of the following expansion. You have just written D the derivative of the pressure with respect to Psi as the derivative of the pressure this Sorry, there of course should be an R As you might have guessed already Um So that this derivative is the same as the derivative of the pressure with respect to Psi and then here we have Psi with respect to the Radius and this is just the exponent that we have used here And this is typically or often written as P prime so the derivative with respect to Psi is often abbreviated with P prime then times the radial derivative of Psi and into this equation we have to insert J and B the J and B components and if we are doing this We finally get And I just make this arrow to indicate that this is a bit of work but to make it short we get the famous grad Sha run off equation This is the equation which you found if you go to the max plug is a bit of plasma physics they are selling coffee max there and You have the grudge of our equation on it. So Now how does is a grudge of our equation reads let's write it down one at least one time here are and then the derivative with respect to R One over R derivative of R with respect to of Psi plus the second derivative Into the z direction of Psi This is the same as minus you not to pi R squared P prime minus you not squared I Z prime Z And the expression and you might recognize that this when we discussed about the current loop for example a few years ago and The whole expression on the right-hand side. This is what is sometimes also referred to as hoop force and This is what pushes the plasma outwards So this is pushing the plasma outwards Which is the Shafranov shift now? This equation describes the equilibrium Now this equation so this one here describes the Equilibrium of Toroil Xe Symmetric system So basically of a tokamak and What you usually do is you solve this numerically you solve this numerically and then Get functions for Psi So which allows you then to reconstruct your equilibrium In a stellar radar due to the lack of symmetry we do not have such Let's call it simple equation. So in this stellar radar stellar radar due to the lack of Symmetry as I explained in the last video There is no simple differential equation like the one here on the board and Thus we need numerical tools numerical tools to get the equilibrium to get the equilibrium and by the way very famous tool for equilibrium Full equilibrium reconstruction is in the v-mech code which has been around for quite a while and it's Yeah Used for quite a while and this is a very robust and famous code for that now here is shown or Illustrated the shaffer on a shift in a stellarator. So what do you see here? You see poloil cross sections the solid lines are The flux surfaces as you would Expect them from the equilibrium reconstruction and the color-coded contours are The intensity of soft x-ray emission. So the color-coded here is the intensity of Soft x ray Emission which is a function of Density and temperature thus of plasma pressure and with an array of line of sites You get a 2d profile and this was by the way the w7 as Stellarator and you can see two plots on the left-hand side. We have oops. Sorry on the left-hand side We have a plasma beta of 1.35 on the right-hand side of 4.41 And you can see a see how the center of the magnetic axis is shifted to the right corresponding to the shaffer on a shift and you can also see that the Predicted flux surfaces the shape of the flux surfaces corresponds very well with the measurements. So this is a very nice illustration of how the shaffer on a shift is proportional to The plasma beta Okay, if you were more a few more words, sorry about the shaffer on a shift so the Shaffer on a shift As you might have imagined already leads to steep Gradients on the low-feed side Where the flux surfaces are pushed together and this results in locally increased transport Because the gradients are stronger. So locally increased Transport something to be aware of and Now finally the equilibrium beta limit is achieved if the shaffer on a shift is equal to the minor plasma radius So the equilibrium the equilibrium beta Limit Achieved if the shaffer on a shift is equal to the minor plasma radius because then the Shift can no further increase it is the maximum value because otherwise you would have you would get plasma Well, you reconnection of the flux surfaces and huge islands and thus large loss of Particles and energy You go back one slide. So if on the right-hand side is this Magnetic axis would shift further here to the separate checks This would correspond to then to the equilibrium beta limit being reached now One can try to estimate the equilibrium beta limit. So there's an estimation estimation for an axi symmetric Toroidal plasma and It reads that the beta equilibrium limit Is approximately given by the minor plasma radius divided by 2 are not and the safety factor squared oops Which is it could also be written in a slightly different form that we have a minor plasma radius over two times are not times Utah bar squared Or to again write it in a different way one half What times of the inverse aspect ratio times Utah bar squared and this Estimation can be understood from simple considerations so This can be Understood from Simple Considerations Which are if we have a larger value of Yota bar This means we have steeper field lines. So this means we get steeper Field lines and Having steeper field lines meaning a means that the first Schluter current is less to Reutel So it has less influence on the overall shape of the flux surfaces. So steeper field lines means less influence of the First Schluter current on the shape of the flux Surfaces due to being less to Reutel Thus having a reduced vertical magnetic field and the same is true if you think about If you look into the equation of having a larger minor radius and a smaller major radius Then you also have steeper field lines thus less influence of the first Schluter current on the shape of the flux surfaces So this as I said this estimation can be understood from these simple physics considerations now The estimation also tells us that the high beta value can be achieved with either having a low aspect ratio Which is for example realized in a spherical Tokamax if you know about these Spherical Tokamax which are small and compact devices which have a low aspect ratio There's for example nstx upgrade in the US or mass upgrade in the UK Quest in Japan, and there's also a company working on spherical Tokamax Tokamak energy also based in the UK and in addition well or having High values of Yota bar Now this is in general more crucial for Stellarators not crucial for stellarators. So the equilibrium beta condition due to Their high aspect ratio due to the high aspect Ratio remember in video 11 we talked about that that stellarators usually need to have high aspect ratios And this is why it's important in stellarators to Have a high Yota bar. So this is why it is important in stellarators to have a high Yota bar value and Just to finish here with an example if We have a stellarator for example w7x There we have the Yota bar value of approximately one we have inverse aspect ratio of one over ten and This results in an equilibrium Beta limit of approximately 5% so usually beta is given in percent If we think of the Tokamak Of the Tokamak which has a safety factor of approximately two and In aspect ratio an inverse aspect ratio of approximately one over three So this is already a much smaller device That's also a cheaper device just because the aspect ratio is more compact This would result if you calculate that in equilibrium beta limit of four percent but Due to the safety factor Decreasing Towards the center remember the safety factor was a function of the radius in the Tokamak towards center Usually beta is higher so with a Cheaper Tokamak device we can achieve an equal amount of beta here This is just to illustrate that the equilibrium beta condition is more crucial in stellarators Okay, that's it for this video where we talked about parameter limits for fusion plasmas and we started to talk about the equilibrium beta limit Where we needed to introduce the shafranoff shift, which is the simple simply an effect of the fish Schluter currents, which we have in every twisted magnetic field device and We talked briefly about the grad shrafanoff equation and that the equilibrium beta Limit is achieved if the shafranoff shift is the same as the minor plasma radius and Then we talked a bit about how to get a larger beta equilibrium and There are two ways basically for that having either a large Yota bar value or having a large aspect ratio and a small larger, sorry or having a large minor radius and a small large plasma radius thus a Small aspect ratio so a more compact device Okay, that's it hope to see you the next video


three two hello everybody here welcome back to top five Friday I almost didn't get that out top five Friday and this week we are doing once again we are doing a Stephen King list I will try and do a non Stephen King list next week but I want to go ahead and get this one out as a companion to last week's my top five favorite Stephen King characters this one is my top five least favorite King characters which was everybody thought was a great idea so here we go jumping right into it we had and you're gonna find at least two good books on this list that doesn't mean that it doesn't mean that just because books are on this list does not mean that the book is bad just means that there are characters in there that I didn't care too much about so right off the right off the bat one of my least favorite Stephen King books and mainly because of the characters is Eyes of the Dragon Prince Peter King Rowland and all of them pretty much everybody in the book is pretty super sorry but but Prince Peter is the worst he's a basic avatar that was just kind of slapped in there one of my one of my biggest problems with this book is how unlike Stephen King it is the language is really dumbed down the the content is really really watered down there's not too much good about this and I know there's a lot of you out there I hear the phones down already and there's a lot of you out there that have fond memories of this book maybe it's your first even King book the first book that you were able to read from him that your parents will let you read whatever I understand that me myself and I do not care for this book and the main reason for it is either the reusing of ideas or the crappy characters the characters are boring I didn't like anything about him and the main character is the worst part of the book easily next up we have and this is in no particular order whatsoever next up we have a really really good book one of King's best leasy story now the problem with this is the two bad guys I've read this book two or three times I can't really remember I'd have to check again but I can never remember the names of there's one bad guy and then another guy that he hired to do it can't remember their names and they're pretty much the most that the easiest to write off and all of King's works they're just not memorable villains luckily for us this book does not depend on a villain hero relationship it all depends on the relationship between Leesy and her husband Scott and their relationship and really the bad guys are kind of second fiddle to everything else so they didn't have to be great but every single Stephen King novel has a characters like those two guys usually they're in one but in this one it just so happens that there's two two of them and neither one of them really stood out for me completely forgettable and you're gonna you're probably you're gonna catch that in my this list that it pretty much you know this list is about characters that either forgettable or that are it have been reused over King's history bibliography whatever you want to call it next up we have another good book Mr. Mercedes I don't like Bill Hodges so spoiler for the Mr. Mercedes series as a whole I did cry at the end of end of watch that was a very poignant piece of literature I felt I also felt that it was kind of like a goodbye from Stephen King I thought that was the end of it that he was saying okay let me write let me go into this and write this the story I've been wanting to write this crime thriller a series of crime thrillers and that'll be it that'll be a goodbye and then if he called it end of watch and there was a bunch of theme about the end of life and all that stuff and I became worried so I was emotionally involved in the last book but Bill Hodges is not a character I cared anything about up until that final book in fact in finders keepers I was actually upset when he finally shows up because in the in that book it takes him 150 pages before Bill Hodges even comes on screen I think he's a tossaway character he's a throwaway character a character I didn't care anything about now King has written older men much much better than this Ralph Roberts is a perfect example from insomnia I don't know what went wrong here of course the series is also not to blame but to thank for one of one of my favorite she didn't make the top five but Holly give me is a terrific character in fact I would have loved to have seen her in place of Bill for the entire series so next up I'm debating which one to talk about first I'm gonna go ahead and talk about the newest one first now this one this one's gonna be hard because I hate the entire cast the entire cast are reused characters from other Stephen King books he pulled he definitely pulled a Dean Coons by pretty much just reusing the entire cast from under the dome and we have from Sleeping Beauty's the I guess the main dude can't remember his name yeah yeah the main dude whatever his name was I can't be bothered to remember Eve black is kind of hot garbage too I mean she's a miss she's a mismatch of mishmash whatever you want to call it of Andre LaNose and Randall flag and kind of like a gender swapped you know Randall flag or Andre LaNose from Storm of the Century it's just everybody in here pretty much stunk but I think the main character the main character was so forgettable I can't even remember did he work for the prison I don't I don't know he was just kind of there I mean I kind of want to go back and reread it just so I can figure out who these characters were because I don't remember any of them all the all the the women in the prison kind of blood together and that's really bad I don't there was nobody that really stood out at all from this book other than the bad guy and the only reason she stood out is because you can't really forget her I mean she's the one who started the whole thing so but she was definitely so I'm gonna take that back not the main guy I'll say Eve black Evee what other hella name is yeah Eve black I'm gonna go ahead and say yeah she she's on this list but it's pretty much the entire cast the entire cast it is hot out here y'all I apologize all right last and certainly least no I'm just kidding last is now I'm gonna go I'm gonna throw out some honorable mentions here actually it's only one honorable mention and that's Rhea the witch from Wizarding Glass I hated how hokey she was I couldn't stand her and let's go ahead while we're at it what's his name clay from cell didn't like him either but I did like the raggedy man so there was a decent part about cell and that was pretty much it so last on the list is lambin's lambin's gonna love this one dreamcatcher and we are talking about the this is another one Jonesy and Henry I think it is I can't remember the two guys names on the only I like beef and I liked the guy that Timothy all of it played so Jonesy and Henry I think those two guys they just they they became one person at one point in time and I like beef and I like the other guy I can't remember his name but Jonesy and Henry were just the same person with slightly different story lines when there's one gets hit by a car but there was nothing about them that but and and they were supposed to carry the entire novel I think Henry and Jonesy were supposed to carry the entire thing because spoiler alert beef dies and so does what's his nuts and these other two guys are supposed to carry it and it's like I don't care because in the movie it's Thomas Jane and the British dude from homeland or I think it's only but they didn't do anything for me and when I when I got thinking about this list once again I went and I looked at the books and I'm like okay this one this one this one this one this one I easily had my top five but going back I think the entirety of Sleeping Beauties and it's funny because I've been talking to some people about Sleeping Beauties and just like kind of like an overall statement if you liked under the dome you didn't like Sleeping Beauties if you well the only way you liked Sleeping Beauties is if you hadn't read Under the Dome or you didn't like Under the Dome which I thought was funny but going back to that I mean the entire I can't I'm still sitting here so I think the worst of the worst is Sleeping Beauties for me as far as the character is a concern because he really did pull a Dean Coons he just reused a reused storyline he reused characters all that stuff so what are some of your choices I'd love to see your top five ten twenty whatever down there in the comments below let me know who you're absolutely worse you can't stand reading about so until next time I have any you menu it's been top five Friday I'll talk to you guys later bye bye


Next question is from David GTZ zero nine What are foods that get a bad rap that are actually generally good for you? Oh, I got a good one rice Yeah, white rice is a good one this you know, there was a hmm. Maybe not so much now, but I mean for a long time It was like half brown rice because it's whole grain. There's more fiber it's better for you than white rice and Although it does have more fiber and it's whole grain and all that stuff and you know white rice Essentially, I take that part off and it's a little bit more process the truth is brown rice is harder to digest it contains what are called anti-nutrients which actually prevent the absorption of other things and Absorption and digestion is a very important factor to consider.  It doesn't taste good White rice is like a million times better.  It's like night and day difference So that would be another one. So with fatty steak. Yeah, I'm gonna revive some meat Yeah, it's bad rap the bad rap. Yeah, because of all the different political motives out there But I mean it's it's a staple food that we've had for ever, you know, and it's something that provides nutrients is very bioavailable Obviously there's like, you know people out there that you know might have a different reaction to there's always gonna be individual variances But you know for the majority of people red meat actually is is pretty good for you Yeah, and I want to say this if you're overeating and you're not active almost any food can become bad and the reverse is true If you're on if you're under eating your calories get away with a lot more. Yeah, so it's like, you know Oh, I'm eating healthy. This is you know, this is a natural food This is bananas and potatoes. Context matters here.  So that makes a big difference as well You know, I this may be not an issue so anymore But it was when I was you know training people back in the day. They jokes. Oh whole eggs, man whole eggs or Oregon meat for even Oregon meat You know doctors used to recommend you give this stuff to your kids before they invented multivitamins and stuff So all your kids low on iron cook them some liver or you know, they need more of these other nutrients Yeah, give them some some egg yolks and all of a sudden we were thought no butter was another one that we thought You know, it was really bad. Here's one that I think people still might think is bad and a big it depends on how it's fried Okay, so the oil that it's fried in but generally speaking if your calories are good and your fit and stuff Rinds or oh, I'll say olive oil is another one that people think it's an oil. You think it's bad Very healthy, but I think a lot of people know that but like pork rinds are I mean, it's straight up You know fat skin fried, but if your calories are pretty good Especially if you're eating a diet that's really low in carbohydrate and you're trying to go in that direction It's actually not a bad snack But there's a there's a difference right if you buy the ones that are fried and oils that aren't so great versus ones That are fried and oils that are I would you know, you kind of just graze right over the olive oil Olive oil and butter I think are two things that have had a bad rap forever that I use almost daily That's cuz we grew up in the fat is bad era. Yeah, and they also would would caution about like cooking it You know under too high of a temperature that it would become you know problematic for people But I mean that that minimal. Yes very minimal the effect minimal Here's one salt Bad rap still big one today and I'm gonna tell you something except for highly sensitive individuals with blood pressure issues Where they need to be careful with their sodium Salt is actually it's not only is it good for you? It's essential humans literally fought wars over salt This is true. That's how important it is for our survival And when you read studies that look at healthy populations Higher sodium and takes are actually connected to longer life span If you're active and you work out and you sweat and your diet's normally good You don't want low sodium low sodium in that case actually it can be correlated to worse health outcomes worse performance You know electrolyte issues stuff like that. That's why when we started working with LMNT They're an electrolyte company that actually uses Appropriate levels of sodium so if you're drinking electrolytes for the electrolytes because you're like I need electrolytes You want a good amount of sodium? That's the most important of all those electrolytes Otherwise, it's just kind of you know a waste of time. In fact, I think the original Gatorade Was way more higher the majority was sodium. It was higher in sodium than they eventually you know because you know of course the Media made it sound like sodium super bad. So that's one of my favorite ones


Well, by this point in the program, I feel enlightened. I feel edified. I feel entertained. I feel enhanced. And after lunch, I feel pa-ful. Hopefully it made me stronger, thus I'm pa-fortified. I have asked that we have some remarks from our national folks, and they are seated at our table here on my right. I've asked them to speak about their views of civic engagement and perhaps even make some remarks based on what they've heard today. So I've asked President Paul Danzik to be our first presenter, followed by past President Janisle Chance, and the always reliable Executive Director, William Shields, Jr. Dr. Danzik. Thanks, Dr. Hall. I love your formalities on the East Coast. We're pretty casual in California. So thanks, Michael, for providing the opportunity for us to come out here again and help celebrate the 10th anniversary of this forum. Dean, I want to thank you for your support of Public Administration and Public Service, the NPA programs. And as we think about the role that we do, certainly our society wouldn't be what it is without all of our involvement, and that's both on the academic side and the practitioner side. So thank you, Dean, for creating that forum and space for us. The American Society for Public Administration has been around for a couple years, since 1939. It's really the hallmark organization when we think about public service. And we tackled it through two main ways. It's thinking about the academic side, so what is it, those best practices from the university standpoint as we understand public service, public administration, public management, public policy. And it's coming from the practitioner side of how we understand it in practice. And where those two fuels emerge is where we find the role of ASPA. It has huge challenges in front of us as we think about the work that we do in the scope that we have. When ASPA was started in Chicago way back when, the focus was very much on the U.S. experience. And that has since expanded to our international presence as well, thinking about relationships that we have with other organizations that are on an international scale within our own host countries or regions to promote the work that we do within public service. The mission of ASPA is to advance excellence in public service. And we take that serious every day as we think about the work that we do. We're guided by four core values that help understand the work that we do, performance and accountability, professionalism, ethics, and social equity. And I'm not sure when those values were first identified in a very formal context, but they're true today as they ever have been, particularly as we understand the work that's happening at the local level through our international relations and every step in between. When we think about public service, we often think about specific roles that people feel. But public service really goes beyond that. It's what we bring to the table as we think about where we stand. My specialty focuses on leadership, particularly leadership within public sectors. What we know within the leadership world is that there are certain characteristics that make good leaders good leaders. And there's characters that make great leaders great leaders. What's different within public service is the idea of values and recognizing those values that we bring as individuals to advance society. And when we talk about advanced society, it's not just advancing society for the people that voted for us or for the citizens are identified within our communities. It's really thinking about from the holistic standpoint of everyone that our public services serve and how we go about doing that. Sometimes it's clearer than other times. And right now, I feel like there's a lot of things happening on the federal side that's impacting what's happening at the local level that's blurring some of those lines for us. What we have to do is bring understanding to where we are and how we understand those modern complexities. And during this morning's presentation, what I really took out of it and what was surfacing for me was thinking about the local experience of what happens within the community and the impacts that we can make on the ground level. My hometown, my new hometown, is a tiny city within California called Sutter Creek. It's one of the old gold mining towns still in the corporate city with 2,500 people. If I think about my experience within Sutter Creek, just opposed to my work within Los Angeles County, it's going from one extreme to another because my whole city could fill into one block of LA County. As we think about the number of people that we serve, the challenges that we face are still real. So when I think about public health, for example, I work with a person who's very involved with the measles epidemic right now that's happening within Los Angeles County. He was on call during a train that we were giving and just made clear that he needed to keep on stepping out. Because it was tackling that very complex issue within Los Angeles County of how do we protect the people that we serve. I think about other challenges that we face locally. We have a local challenge in Sutter Creek right now of thinking about street lights. We just had a bridge replaced on Main Street. And part of the design of the bridge was to put in a new bridge and incorporate these new street lights, which are kind of like the old fashioned gas lamp type of street lights. Well, they bought 10 of them to put it around where the bridge is. Well, there's another five that are also on Main Street just a few steps down that they kept like those old school ones from the 70s that are very aluminum type feel, but they won't replace them. And it's not a matter of funding. They won't replace them because there's some naysayers in the community that says, well, we already have those wired for these garlands that we put up at Christmas time. So we can't possibly replace that. My reason for bringing up that story is those things happen all the time. As we learned this morning, if we follow those naysayers, you just can start spinning our wheels. And not thinking about the big picture of if we had all of downtown with the same type of gas light lamps, how cool would that look? As we think about this old town from the 1850s when it was first established and thinking about that history that we have with the gold mining community. But yet we're stuck in this limbo phase right now saying, well, we can do it. We just won't do it. And the reason why we don't do this is because we create an excuse for ourselves to saying, well, when Christmas comes along, we can't hang in the garlands. Well, we can hang it from the new gas lamp lights, right? So it's being able to think boldly as we move forward. A lot of our work focuses on innovation and understanding what does innovation mean to me and how do I go about doing it. Part of it is understanding different perspectives. As Serena showed that yarn bombing, the first thought that popped into my mind is, who's going to clean it up? Of course you do. So I'm definitely one of those people. My wife, when we have the hand would say, oh, look how cozy those trees look. It just softens up the park. And look, it's keeping the trees warm. It's different perspectives, right? So as we think about things like the yarn bombing that we experience this morning and thinking about what does public art mean, it's a reminder for us to think about the perspectives that we bring and the biases that we undertake. I often think back to the metaphor of the dandelion. And you're starting to get a sense of my personality if I'm thinking about yarn on trees and who's cleaning it up. I like to have a very neat yard. And part of that is nice green grass. So my first approach is to kill all the dandelions, right? I don't want those dandelions in my yard. They're just a weed that pop up. That is until I had kids. And my kids see dandelions in a totally different way than I do. When they start popping out versus the color, right, being able to see that bright yellow dispatches. And then it turns into the seeds. And they have so much fun using them to blow the seeds around, which adds to my anxiety. And now here's more seeds, hence more dandelions. But to them, it's how exciting is it to have a dandelion growing up in the yard and now be able to see it through different lines. As we think about the work that we do, we have to think about perspective taking and the work that we undertake. And understanding that our perspective is just one data point for those of you that are geeking out on the academic side, it's one perspective. And as we start to collect other perspectives that are also happening, there's not necessarily one right answer and there's not necessarily one wrong answer as we continue to move forward. When you look up the principles of democracy, so small D, democratic principles, there's some debate within the policy side of the world on what that actually means. How do we understand limited government, for example? How do we understand checks and balances? How do we understand what federalism means? It's no more complex today than it probably has been in history of really understanding what it means for us in the time that we're experiencing and giving the social environment that we have. There is one common underlying theme, though, and that's the sense of the rule of law. And how is it that we understand how we govern ourselves and what is it that we have within our own ability to shape and influence what rule of law means not yesterday, but what rule of law means today. The professor of mine, Chet Newland, who's one of the backbones of Aspa, he's 89 years old and going as strong now as he ever has. He's one of these amazing people that understands local and international dabbles within state, but he's really the bookend scholar within our field. He talks about the search, and I often fall back on the two searches that he talks about, the search for reasonableness and the search for human dignity under a rule of law. And to me, those two searches help bring understanding to whatever complexity I face, whether it's in the work that I do at the university level or the work that I do within our communities as I think about the work that my wife does as a city council member and now within the judicial branch, or thinking about things that I'm experiencing with my kids within the public school districts, where it's not the end that we're after, but it's understanding the search and how do I understand what's positive that's happening right now that we continue to find leverage points to make better tomorrow. And as those searches that interplay between understanding today and planning for the future, that really makes the work that we do really exciting. Just want to thank you again, congratulate all the work that the Rhode Island chapter has done in advancing this and recognizing that it's, the ASPA stands for those of all of us that are in public service. And some of you in the room are members of ASPA. If you're not, talk to one of us and we'll be happy to share with you more about what ASPA does in our mission. But it's really all of our responsibility, regardless of whether you are affiliated with a professional association or university or having an official title within our local communities. It's all of our responsibility to continue to advance the work that we're doing when we're talking about public service. I want to thank you and congratulate the presenters this morning. We're charged with, what was it about? Do it, do it scared as a big message. And I couldn't tell if you were nervous or not, but you all knocked it out of the park this morning and the paper presentations were equally impressive. So congratulate all the students at a high school and master's level for the great work that you're doing and congratulations on the event today. Thank you. Thank you. Paul brings up a very important point, particularly regarding his tenure as a president. He has international responsibilities as well as coming to Rhode Island. And he does so without being paid. And you can see why he's president. He's well-reasoned, he's thoughtful and he reaches out. And that is also true of his colleague, former president Janice Lachint. Thank you. Okay, so now I'm going to break something, but you know, this is the peril of being short. So I apologize for that. But first of all, let me thank the folks at Roger Williams and this really impressive program for the invitations. I'm very fortunate, as Dr. Hall said. I've been here several times and I love it. And I love it for a couple of reasons. First of all, I learn something every time I'm here. I've been very fortunate. I've had a career that has taken me to the highest levels of government. I work for President Clinton as a member of his cabinet. And then I switched over to work in nonprofits. And I've seen a lot. But I come here and I wish I could think of a net forward. I think Dr. Hall took them all. But, you know, I learned something from all of you. I learned something this morning from these really impressive presentations. I always learned something from the posters. So I want to congratulate everybody for putting this together and keeping a focus on what's so important to all of us. And that really shapes our future, our family's future, and this country's future. So thanks to all of you for that. Lee asked me to talk about science. Okay, good. No one got up and walked out. That's good. Because now I work for a nonprofit that advocates on behalf of some 60,000 earth and space scientists.  Like a geek with really thick glasses and, you know, looking into microscopes and telescopes. Well, that is them and the large part. But let me tell you what's happened over the last several years to scientists. And I am going to tie this into what you all have been talking about today. Don't worry. But let me tell you, they do research. They do incredible research. They think about how to predict earthquakes, how to predict natural disasters, extreme weather, how to save lives, earthquakes, volcanoes. I mean, it's just amazing what they do. So they start at the core of the earth and then they expand into the oceans. You know, they're trying to figure out what to do with that big, giant mass of plastic waste that's floating around in the Pacific Ocean and really killing the ocean.  Then they get into space, right? These are the people who, you know, brought us the photos of Hubble, the photo last couple of weeks of the black hole. Whoever thought we'd have a picture of that, whoever knew what it was. Anyway, you know, it's just remarkable what they do and they're actually looking for life on other planets. So, you know, these aren't people who are used to getting out and trying to influence policy or anything. But a few years ago, and possibly before some of our high school students were even born, you kind of started hearing off in the distance that the United States really didn't land a man on the moon. That it was some sort of video editing and, you know, Photoshop and everything. That it just wasn't real.  You know, then you started hearing religious organizations with an incredible amount of credibility say, we don't want our high schools to teach about evolution. We don't want to hear them talk about the silence of how the Earth was created because we all know God did it in seven days. Okay, if you want to believe that, that's fine. You know, so you started hearing this drumbeat that science just wasn't relevant anymore. Then here comes cable news networks sort of amplifying all of this. Social media. I mean, you can find anything on social media, right? So any kind of conspiracy theory. And then I'm going to say it. I'm going to say his name. President Trump gets elected. And all of a sudden he says to his scientists that work in the federal government, the people who predict our weather, the people who map our geology, the people who created GPS, the people who created the internet. He says to them, I'm no longer funding anything that has to do with climate change because it's not real. Okay, then you start, you know, this just goes on and on. I have talked with high ranking government officials who have changed the names of their program to take climate out of the name, to take the environment out of the name so that they can continue getting their funding. So how does this all tie into what we're doing here today? So let me tell you what happened at that point. That was a real wake up call where scientists in the United States and around the world started saying we better figure out how to get involved in civic activity. We better learn how to communicate with our fellow citizens in a way that they can understand. We better be ready to make our case to members of Congress, but not only there, but at local levels as well because all of these policies were trickling down to the state and local level. So it became urgent and really compelling for all of them to get this skill. And the thing that they have learned that they've passed on to their colleagues and to other members of the scientific community is that you don't have to be prepared to testify before Congress. What you have to be able to do is take a little bit of an action whenever you can, sign a petition, join the local school board, go to a PTA meeting, and speak up for what you believe in. And that's what I want to leave you with today. Sometimes we look at civic engagement and we think, oh, I don't want to run for office. I don't have time. I know a lot of you have families to raise your bills to pay at full-time jobs and you're preparing, high school students are preparing for a career and a life. You've got bills. Do a little something every week, every day if you can.  Tell the truth. It's true, right? So there's plenty of things you can do online. Retweet something that's credible. Retweet something that will help your local community. I went into the poster session and I saw presentations about organizations that are making a real impact on Rhode Island and the country and the world. Go to one of their meetings. Help them out. They need a volunteer to stop envelopes or bring a coffee cake to a meeting. Do that. Do whatever you can and make it a part of your life. Make it a habit so that you don't ever, ever let it go. So that's what my view, that's what I hope you will do. I hope you'll stay on this path of civic engagement and public service. We need you. Thank you. You can also see why Janice was president in the past. I think it's notable to point out that she is now in the third sector, the non-profit sector. Then that's part of ASPA too in public administration, public service. So let's keep that in mind. I think it's probably also notable.  All right, ladies. Follow our example. And now I'd like to invite to the podium Mr. Shields. Good afternoon, everybody. Good afternoon. It's always a bit of a worry to speak following lunch, but eyes are open, so I think we're in good shape. First of all, Dr. Hall, thank you as always for your hospitality. It's always great to come back to my home state, a state that I continue to love very much. As all of you know, it's a small state. We're very selective about who we let in. But it's also equally wonderful to be part of this conference, especially in its 10th year. Every year that I've been fortunate to be here, the presentations get more and more compelling, and I think they become more and more action-oriented. And I certainly think the two presentations we had this morning from the Secretary of State and the City Manager certainly fit that category. As well, the presentations and the poster presentations out in the other room earlier today, just really, really impressive. And I think it gives a lot of hope for those of us who want to ensure a public service of the future that really has the public at the forefront of its mission. And that's what I'd like to speak just a couple of minutes on today. Every year, the Harvard University Kennedy Schools Institute of Politics comes out with a survey in April. So the most recent one came out just about three weeks ago. And the survey measures youth, youth defined as 30 years of age or younger. Youth's public opinions on politics and civic engagement. And if you happen to have seen the survey results come out this year, they were in the paper and on TV, the top line, what you kind of saw in the first paragraph, give cause for some concern. 64% of the youth surveyed said that they did not trust the federal government or they did not trust the federal government very much in its activities. 66% felt that way about state government. Same percentage for local government. So you see those results and you say to yourself, we have a young generation. We have people in the back of the room. We have the people in the front of the room who are looking skeptically and cynically at government. What wasn't in those newspaper articles or in the news reports was what they, what else they had to say about public service. 70% of those surveyed said that community service was indeed an honorable thing to do. Only 39% believed that people like me don't have any say about what government does, which says that 61% believe they do. I think what we have, we in the public sector need to really do is redefine what public service is about. That it extends beyond federal, state, and local government and if you apply and pursue a career in those sector, in that sector, God bless you, I wish you well and you'll have a very fulfilling career based on the many people I speak with who are in them. But the fact of the matter is we have to define the third sector, the non-profit sector and in some cases the for-profit sector on those initiatives that are dedicated to the public good. Earlier today the Secretary of State really made a point of saying that your work matters, those of you who are in the public service or the high school students who showed up in her office a few weeks ago, that their say mattered, what they had to say mattered. When Serena spoke, she said, know your why. What I would say to you is identify your way. Identify your way in making a difference in public service. You know, as I said, Rhode Island is a very small state but it has a very outsized presence in Asper, including a number of the people who are in this room today. They have found their way or identified their way at least in part through Asper. I see Deputy Chief Labonte, who in addition of being a Founders Fellow about three years ago, four years ago, is on one of our standing committees, our ethics committee, which is designed to educate our membership and those interested in ethics about what being an ethical public service, servant means. Ms. Polino, last month or about two months ago at our annual conference, accepted the Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Award on behalf of the Rhode Island Judiciary. We as an organization, we're very, very proud to recognize her as well as the judiciary for its efforts in support of ensuring a workforce that is representative of the public it serves. We have people like Dr. Hall, who served several years on our National Council. Chris Pierce, who just completed his term as a student representative on our National Council in our organization, to represent the voices of the student population, which is roughly one third of our total membership. In these ways, and in many, many others, including their full-time jobs, they are identifying their way to make a difference. And so what I would just say, and it kind of goes and builds on what Janice said just a few minutes ago, sort through the real fake news, sort through the noise, and sort through a lot of the cynicism and skepticism you see to realize that there is, among young Americans, a real desire to make a change. Look for creative and unique ways to do it. You know, the same survey where the respondents were very, very skeptical of their governmental institutions. One of the places they said they trusted very much were their academic institutions.  That is why we love all of our chapter events, and there are many of them this month. I think we have at least 15 or 20 chapter events that are going on across this country to celebrate Public Service Recognition Week. Well, we should be recognizing Public Service every week of the year, but this month we are recognizing it, because a lot of chapters do it beyond just one week. They do it to recognize work that matters. And I think that this chapter, as well as Roger Williams University, is very uniquely positioned, not only to celebrate the work you do, but to really help you identify your way forward. So on behalf of the staff at the National Office in Washington, D.C., it's always a good time to get out of Washington, D.C., so that's another reason I'm happy to be here. I want to congratulate all of you and wish you well on your journey and know that we at the National Office stand ready to help you in any way we possibly can. So thank you very much. Thank you, Bill. When Mr. Shields took over ASPA in 2013, was it? 14. Only seemed like 2013. We had some problems financially. We had a cultural problem also. Mr. Shields changed all that. I can make a phone call to ASPA and he's returning it. Somebody's on the other end of the phone to answer my questions. And we owe all that to Bill Shields. So Mr. Shields, thank you. As the Secretary of State mentioned this morning, the Toman and Shea High School students are the only students in the nation who get to be members of ASPA. And so I'd like to call forward their teachers and have the students on a bit of alert because we're going to induct them into ASPA. And if I could request President Danzig and Mr. Shields to come forward, they're not very well organized. So what I'm going to ask is that the two teachers call each of the students' names who are eligible for admission and then walk past Mr. Shields and President Danzig and you will receive your pen for your ASPA membership. Good afternoon. At this time could J. Lee Martinez come up please? Denisha Angel, Gabriela Lopez, Kira Almato, Emily Debona, and Selena Baldera. Dominic Magcutt, Asia Kryla Roderick, Stephanie Long, Denisha Lomba, Priscilla D.A. Fonseca, Cassie Mercia, Ashley Morse, Geraldine So, and last but not least, the never-forgotten Cheyenne Medina. Mr. Pierce, are you taking the pictures? Okay. Would you mind closing, ladies and gentlemen, and then Mr. Shields and... Guys, move over a little bit this side. Thank you, sir. I'd like to ask Ms. Lee, Rochelle, Mr. Sousa, and Mr. Wilk to stay just a moment because these folks work with the students all year long. Ms. Lee and I go in once a month or so, and they are there every day, and it is largely because of their work that we have the program success that we do. And so we want to recognize your contributions with a considerable gift. And thank you. Thank you, Dr. Olson. Yes. Thank you, Dr. Olson. And we don't let Mr. Shields ever leave without a gift also. During last year's program, the theme was social justice, and the high school students did poster presentations, one of which was popular music, social justice and popular music. And so one of the students asked me, could we do a rap song? And I said, yeah, knock yourself out. I didn't say knock yourself out. Then, long about February, I asked, you know, what's the update on the song? And they said, oh, we're not going to do it. So I voiced my disappointment in class, and a young woman came forward and said, I'll do it.  In fact, I think it was President Danzik who said, she's the poet laureate of ESPA. So ladies and gentlemen, help me welcome this year's poet laureate. The same one is last. Barbara Fleur. This is a bilingual poem. Please follow along. Blancos, negros, soziaticos y latinos, todos son todas las comunidades. Ayúrate con buena salud. Help yourself to truly good health. Formulaic in the least, it's a duty to your community that doesn't take self. Because lifestyle choices ravage the beast of ignorance. Empower each of us to meet milestones and become more aware as wisdom prevails. Let's talk healthcare. Universally it's a right, but vulnerable groups are discriminated against. On-site at first sight and disparities exist despite efforts to ensure that even under duress marginalized populations can still get the best. Information prevention, treatment, and disease control with respect. Vaccination screenings and HIV tests should not be demeaning, meaning no matter the gender, the creed, the color. Accessibility requires a broader approach. Availability must stretch beyond borders instilled by man. Take a stand and build from within. Because good health is the foundation to win. It allows a greater contribution to the economy. A nation enhanced by socio-economic equality. Universality is the key to the creation of policy. Internationally and in these United States, we the people must make the decisions to create the life we want, so it starts. White, black, Asian and Latino, all in all those communities, our health, our responsibility.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com coming at you with 2020 panini prestige football one fat pack break Random team number three with a chance to win not only money, but $200 flawless collegiate football random hit spots Wow So we're gonna do the break itself first and at the end We'll re-randomize your names and we'll line you up like this the top three will get flawless spots and 50 Bucks of break credit and this is still not too bad either for for the next four We'll get those $200 flaws collegiate football spots that sold out coming up in a separate video But let's do the break itself first big. Thanks to these folks right here for getting into the action appreciated Michael going big on this one all 32 teams are in for this little pack break. Let's roll it. Let's randomize it two and a one three times for each list one two and three Got Chris down to Michael and then three times two and a one for the teams Three after three it saints down to Vikings after three There's the first half right there and there's the second half right here Don't even think of it like that Chris.  So you're not on top anymore All right, there you go. Let's print. Let's rip. This is 2020, right? Yeah 2020 prestige So current draft class and there's the collegiate case right there That's coming up next Separate video if you're watching re-watching this video Eat the paper it's good for you. This is your food. This is how you live Oh, no, hey, what's wrong printer? You okay Come on buddy you got this Oh Dear, no, no sign of that This is disastrous isn't like that group of paper. All right, well, we're gonna have to figure that out later that That was that was a scary moment there ladies and gentlemen. All right, there we go Longest pack video ever. It's their first group of folks right here So if there's any surprises here, I think these green foil are exclusive to this set. There's Kyle Dugger There's Damon Arnett Justin Herbert rookie nice And Rayquan Davis on the back there All right, so that Herbert of course will go to the Bolts. That's gonna be for Patrick And then we've got these green foil exclusives right here. That's for the Raiders Chris Erickson with my Raiders And there's a Kyle Dugger going to the Patriots and that will be for Amber All right now the moment. We've all been waiting for him. Let's grab everybody's names from Oliver down to Michael Put them into a new list and we're gonna roll it and randomize it and then line you up right here Just like that Let's roll it and randomize it Three times two and a one top seven after three One two And three After three times Now first of all from eight down to 32. Thank you for getting in. I really appreciate it If you didn't win we'll get him next time Congrats to the top seven Michael Aaron Amber Michael Michael Robert and Oliver. There you go Top seven right here Congrats And there you have it ladies and gentlemen The flawless collegiate football break coming up next jazpiececasebreaks.com different video. Bye. Bye


Good morning everybody looking to place some puts You're very soon Nothing no major news on the agenda. We're just gonna wait a little bit here to get into a position I don't like trading the very first five minutes of market open Option prices are volatile and waiting for it to come back up a little bit here So if it does I'm looking at the two forty seven fifty puts And you want to hang took a position on the two forty seven fifty puts 118 Having some issues with my broker here The bad part about this is I don't know where the price is on the options Let's see two forty seven fifty for Friday 118 by 120 121 Alrighty, I went ahead and sold I sold at 126 I'm okay with that. It's now it's going lower Church, yeah, now it's going lower. Well darn That's where I said it was I was hoping for but Awesome awesome. I'm glad I'm happy look at that 132 By 134 hit 133 amazing Absolutely amazing. I made five point nine three percent. I'm okay with that. I should have held on to for just a tad bit longer I I would have been looking I would have been sitting really pretty But hey, that's that's good. I'm okay with that. I made some money. I didn't lose and it was a quick trade held if well, okay Relatively speaking to where I usually hold That was eight minutes. That was eight minutes as long hold But it's looking good now 132 by 135. I should have held on for just a tad bit longer I literally sold and it went up 135 by 137 and climbing Ah, I wish I would have held on to it for one one minute longer I actually had to look on on thinkorswim platform And it looks like I'm gonna be looking for a new Broker I do trade with the option. They've been having a lot of issues with their quotes It seems like their quotes on the options are really delayed But that's okay I can still see in The actual bit and ask on thinkorswim and actually trade using e-option That that works fine with me. No big deal. That's awesome. No, absolutely awesome great quick trade Made my money, you know see you later. I'm I'm trying to build back up my confidence from not trading for a while and It's gonna take some time, but that's okay. I'm already guys. Well, that was it I placed my trade. I'm gonna let this wrench for just a little bit. Look at that 139 by 141 today's trade Bought at 118 the 247 50 puts that expire on Friday And I sold them at 125 guys 125 I thought I sold there at 126, but I sold that 125 Do me a favor that'll help me out tremendously hit that subscribe button It it'll just it'll help me help you and also Let me know in the comments below what you thought about this Did you think it was bored? Did you see it was cool? Thanks so much for watching.