So the election, as I stated, is coming up very shortly, and I want to talk about one candidate in particular, Herschel Walker. Now, if evangelicals were actually serious about their belief that abortion equals murder, then Herschel Walker, the fact that he paid for two abortions now, in fact he pressured at least one of those women into getting an abortion that she didn't want to have, that should be a non-starter for them because he committed murder. Did he not? I mean, in their view, abortion is tantamount to murder. So why would they support a murder like Herschel Walker? Well, let's ask them. This is from The Good Liars, and they speak to a Herschel Walker supporter. They get the views on abortion and Herschel Walker, and as you're going to see, a little bit of a contradiction here. You think abortion is murder? Oh, absolutely. Absolutely. So do you think that Herschel Walker is a murderer if he paid for an abortion? Well, like I said, we've all done bad things. Well, murder is, you know, that's one of the worst you could do, right? One can't repent of his sins, but... I mean, totally unrelated to Raphael Warnock. If Herschel Walker paid for an abortion and you think abortion is murder, does that not make him a murderer? You know, it's according to what you want to call murder.  You know, if you accidentally run into somebody... Well, is abortion murder? Well, if you do that a premeditated taking of life, I think that is murder. Premeditated taking of innocent people aren't the murder. Okay, so that, by your definition, if the allegations are true, he was a murderer.  Well, what is sin is sin. I mean, some sins are more long-lasting. You think abortion is just murder? I laugh out towards the end. He's just laughing in his face. What we're seeing here is cognitive dissonance. It's peak mental gymnastics. And it's so funny because they just... They can't live by the standards that they're espousing, right? I mean, abortion is murder, but I'm willing to support this person who committed murder on numerous occasions. I mean, by their standards, Herschel Walker is a serial killer. So what this tells me is that they don't actually believe that abortion is murder because nobody who's a reasonable person believes that abortion is murder. That's comical. So this is just proof.  Other people have made the point that if you really thought that abortion was murder, then you wouldn't just protest outside of abortion clinics. You would go in there and save those lives because in the event, you knew that you could stop somebody from dying, right? And they were in a building and somebody, I don't know, was holding a knife to their throat. And you could go in there and convince that person to put down the knife or you could stop them aggressively from stabbing that person. Wouldn't you do it if you could? I mean, so these people are just... They don't think it's murder, but this isn't the only individual who's willing to, I guess, forgive Herschel Walker. So this is a quick video of what a Herschel Walker supporter is going to say about the newest accusations that he paid for another abortion. It doesn't matter to you if it's true or not. No. As long as he has had a change of heart, I mean, we all do things when we're young, naive. He's an adult now. It doesn't matter to you if it's true. When he paid for these abortions, he was like 50. It's not like he was 16 years old. And he was like, okay, I'm just too young to have this child. Look, you've got to get the abortion. I know that you don't want it, but you've got to do it. He was like 50 years old. So what are we talking about here? Again, these people do not care. They don't care that he committed murder by their standards, which means they don't believe that abortion is murder because nobody does who's a reasonable person. Like this whole Christian view that, oh, well, we're all sinners and all you have to do is repent. But not all sins are equal. There are mortal sins that you are unable to repent from and you can apologize, but basically that goes on your permanent record with regard to the Lord. That's what I was taught anyway as a Christian. That some sins, I mean, you can ask for forgiveness, but if you keep committing that act, there's a certain point to where God is not going to be as forgiving to you. So one abortion, two abortion, probably other abortions that he had. You know, is that really something that a real Christian would have when he's like 50? Not that long ago, believe it or not. But yeah, I mean, Herschel Walker supporters, they just genuinely don't care. It's all about team sports. And I love this story because it just proves they never thought abortion was murder. They just want to control what women do with their bodies, period end of story. This is Pastor Jamal Bryant going off on Herschel Walker and this is so satisfying to watch. Ladies and gentlemen, when the Republican Party of Georgia moved Herschel Walker from Texas to Georgia so that he could run for Senate, it's because change was taking too fast in the post antebellum South. The state had been flipped blue and there are some principalities that were not prepared for a black man and a Jewish man to go to Senate at the exact same time. So they figured that they would delude us by picking somebody who they thought would in fact represent us better with a football than with a degree in philosophy.  Y'all ain't ready for me today. Since Herschel Walker was 16 years old, white men been telling him what to do, telling him what school to go to, where to live, where to eat, where to buy a house, where to run, where to sit down, where to sleep, where to pay for abortions, where to buy a gun. And you think they not gonna tell him how to vote? In 2022, we don't need a Walker, we need a runner. We need somebody who gonna run and tell the truth about January 6th. We need somebody who gonna run and push for the cancellation of student loan debts. We need somebody who gonna run and make the former president respond to a subpoena. We don't need a Walker, we need somebody who will be steadfast, unmovable, always abounded, knowing that your labor is not in vain. Georgia, I need you to know, the slave Negroes y'all are used to don't live here no more. We can think for ourselves, function for ourselves and vote for ourselves. Why? Cause we don't need a Walker. Damn, listen, I gotta say, I haven't been to church in a very long time and the thought of setting foot in any church makes me sick to my stomach. I would watch his sermon. That's how good that was. That was such a good rant.  He hits on all the right notes. It's so good.


Welcome folks. This is Tom O'Brien of TFNN. We go five days a week. We go seven hours a day. We go 24 hours a day on the internet at TFNN.com. Always remember, folks, whatever you think about, you bring about whatever you focus on grows so everyone's having a great day, safe day. Let's make it a great night, folks. Be impeccable with your words. Seek to know the truth. When you hear an opinion and believe it, you make an agreement that becomes part of your belief system. The only thing that can break this agreement is to make a new one based on truth. Only the truth has the power to set you free. Mockin' wise, let's take a look at it out here. We have the Dow Industries trading up 122. NASDAQ up 173. S&P up 37. Gold. Gold contract up $26.30. Trading at $19.63 an ounce. You have Silver up a buck. Six at $24.35 an ounce. Light sweet crude up a buck 17. Trading out at a price point of $76 flat. Notes and bonds. Ten year note. Up one full point plus a tick at $119.09. The third year up a full point plus 14 ticks at $125.26. And king dollar. Getting smoked down $1,201 ticks. $100.530. The euro at $111. The yen at $138. And the British pound at $129. The one U.S. dollar. Our phone number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. Give us a call, folks. Want to know what's going on in y'all world. In the world of the S&Ps, let's take a look at them. What do we have? Okay, so we take a look. First we're going to get into the futures for a second. Let's take a look at these futures. Come on, get over there. There we go. Okay. So what we had out here this morning is that you had the CPI come out. The bottom line was a light number. You got all the way up to the $45.23. We pulled back into the $44.97. And we can see that was the big bar. You had selling all the way down to the $44.98. Now the top of that bar is $4408. So that's the one you're going to watch for the next 10 to 15 minutes. Because if we get into that bar again, it'll get down the bottom. It's trying to hold that price point right now. You've got a slight expansion of volume. But if it gets into that bar, you're going to be down to the bottom of that bar. We'll test it once again. That's on the futures. If we go to the SPI and take a look at the SPI, what you're going to see inside the SPI, and talk about a nice call by Tim Wood. Bottom line is that when he did that workshop, he was saying, hey, we're going back to the highs. Well, here we are. When we take a look at the SPI, what you're going to see here is that we had a high volume high and the SPI. That high volume high was laid out at $443.60. Well, $443.60. $444.30 is actually the high. 104 million chairs. Well, you get 57 million chairs. So in order to have a failure on price in volume, you'd have to get underneath that. Now, I don't see getting underneath that today. That's the bottom line. You had $57 million. It would probably do about $75 million, and that's it. It's going to be a little tricky here. You do have an expansion, and let's see. So 114, yeah, 14104. This is saying to me that we're at highs. That's my take on this, folks. We're at highs. You're going to see this back down because this is three of them. See, one, two, three.  But this contraction today is going to be big. We're going to take a look at the NDX100, NQs.  We take a look at the NQs, put the NQs up. You're going to see with the NQs, the bottom line is that you made the high out here with 14,000 contracts. You came back up again with five. And at the bottom, we have 20. But you can see that 20, 20 was testing the big number. But the way that's set up is that now let's go, let me get into the Qs because I think the Qs actually missed the high by a few pennies. So the high in the Qs, 272.85. No, yeah, no, we hit it. Now, this is what's going to get interesting. Yeah, see, the Qs can actually have a failure on price and volume, which is really intriguing. Because what you have here is that we got over the high. Right now, you're under the high. That right? One second. No, you're not under the high yet. But the high is 272.85. And if that's what we get, it's going to be subtle, but that'll be saying, OK, we'll see how to go on the downside. We go into the gold contract. Well, no, let's go to the dollar first. Because the dollar released, it's bent up. Look at this, man. Look at this move. Let me pull this back a little bit further. OK, so the dollar broke. Just about broke. So the dollar, man, if the dollar can't bounce at all, man, you're going to have all these markets going higher because the way the dollar's set up right now, look at this, man. The way the dollar's set up right now is actually, if this can't get out of here, the dollar's set up to go to 96. And we go to 96. Gold's going to go to the moon. The market's going to go to the moon. And all will be above. Because you can see, this is a straight line move down. You know, yeah, that is about as straight as you can get. There's no doubt about that. We're going to take a look at the GDX. The GDX is off to the races. What do we have inside this GDX right now? You've got wide price spread. You've got volume. You've got price. You've got all of the above. GDX is on its way up to the swing of 36 right now. You're trading 31.95. You can see that wide expansion of volume with 30 million shares. The swing point up there has 26 million. So that's a good setup, man. They're coming into that market. And they're coming in gangbusters. Some of the higher volume equities out here. And right at this point, it doesn't look like we're going to have volume, folks. You have how Tesla's up. Well, actually, let's do this. I do this every time. But let's go inside the NDX 100 first. So inside the NDX, you can get Pindu or do up 6.5 points. As a percent, rather, JD.com of 4, aluminum up 3.7. Taken away from it. Lucid comic is down 10%. You got Zscaler off 5.4%. CrowdStrike is off 2.7%. Our phone number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. We have the Dow. Dow Industries up 114. NASDAQ up 176. S&Ps up 37. Stay right there, folks. We'll come right back.


The null space is an important idea associated with any transformation. So let t be any transformation on some vectors. If t sends some vector v to the zero vector, then we say that v belongs to the null space or the kernel of t. The null space of t is usually designated null t or care t. So let's think about this as a problem to be solved. Suppose I have a linear transformation. How can I find the null space of that transformation? So remember we can always describe a linear transformation in matrix form where the coefficients for the component-wise formulas become the entries in a coefficient matrix. Which means I can take any linear transformation and if I think about this as a transformation from one vector to another vector, the coefficients of that matrix give me the formulas that I can use to find the components of the vector. So now the only question becomes which vector do we want? Since we're trying to find the null space, then the vector that we're looking for should be the zero vector. So we want to find the vectors that will map to the zero vector. So to find the null space, we'll set up and solve a system of linear equations. Since we want to produce the zero vector, our components u1, u2, and so on are all going to be zero. And since we don't know what vectors are going to be in the null space, the components v1 through vn are going to be our unknowns. And that gives us a nice system of linear equations with a corresponding augmented coefficient matrix. And a useful habit to get into as a mathematician is to ask yourself constantly, where have I seen this before? And in this case, it's worth noting that our augmented coefficient matrix is the same as the matrix representing our linear transformation augmented with a column of zeros. And this suggests the following theorem. Suppose t is a matrix representing a linear transformation. Then null t, the null space of t, can be found by row reducing t augmented by a column of zeros. Now one important observation here is that because elementary row operations won't change the values in a column of zeros, we can actually leave the zeros off until the very end of the problem. You can trust this statement because I'm on the internet and you can't put anything up online unless it's true. But you might want to think about why that is actually the case. So let's see what we can do. Suppose I want to find the null space for the transformation shown. Now it helps to do a little bit of analysis. Since t is a 3 by 4 matrix, it's going to take vectors with four components and map them to vectors with three components. So to find the null space, I want to find all vectors with four components that become the three component zero vector. And I can read the coefficients of the transformation matrix as the formulas that tell me what those three components are going to be. That first row of the transformation matrix tells me that 3v1 plus 1v2 plus 3v3 plus 5v4 is going to be my first component. And since I'm looking for the null space, I want that first component to be zero. Likewise, the second row tells me that 2v1 plus 2v2 plus 3v3 plus 0v4 is going to be the second component of my vector, which I also want to be zero. And finally, the third row tells me that 2v1 plus 0v2 plus 1v3 plus 1v4 is going to give me the third component of the vector, which again, I want that to be zero. And so now I have this nice system of linear equations to solve. And since the constants are all zero, I can just record the coefficient matrix alone and row reduce that. So our first row pivot is 3, so we'll multiply the second and third rows by 3. Then we'll multiply the first row by negative 2 and add it to the second to get a zero below the pivot. And likewise, we'll multiply the first row by negative 2 and add it to the third to get a zero below the pivot. Moving on to the second row, the pivot is 4, so we'll multiply the third row by 4. And that gives us a new third row. Now we can multiply the second row by 2 and add it to the third to get a zero below the pivot. And since every entry in the last row has a common factor, we can multiply it by negative 1, 6, and simplify it. And this gives us our system in row reduced form. And now we can parameterize our solutions. Since x4 never appears as a leading variable, we need to parameterize x4 and to avoid fractions, we'll let x4 be 12t. We can then substitute this value into the equation involving x3 and find x3 is negative 96t. We can substitute the value of x3 and x4 into the second equation, and that allows us to solve for x2, and then we can substitute the value for x2, x3, and x4 into the first equation and find a value for x1. And so remember that this transformation took vectors in R4 and sent them to vectors in R3, so the components of our vectors are going to be 42t, 102t, negative 96t, and 12t. So our null space is going to consist of all vectors with these components. And we can express that as some scalar multiple of some basic vector.


Do you think we can make that in half an hour? This is an old physician, which will present now the paper. I was practicing medicine. I love medicine. I am deeply medical. I have a son, grandson and grand-nurse doctor. So that's really my job. And actually, I no doubt that we have a totally new medical landscape. And when you are speaking about the effect of climate change on health, you are firstly to consider how the health actually, and the health actually is completely different, has completely changed. And there are seven emerging risks. The first risk is emerging is age, ageing. Ageing is a good thing, ageing in good health. But ageing is generally associated with several diseases. And we double our medium lifespan recently. The sun is a second risk, but it's not major. Just the sun, the effect of sun on agriculture and so on, our risk. But the sun itself is not a major risk. Air pollution, so you have a list which could be very long. And I'm sure that you will lengthen it soon. The toxic, the most important is the endocrine disruptor. And I will say a word about that. But you see, you must realize also that every toxic is influencing the bacteria world. And the bacteria are extremely resistant to any toxic by changing bacteria. They can change their genome very easily just by introducing their gene in the neighbor. Not by going from papa to mama, but by changing the gene directly to the neighbor. And you have new bacteria. A new bacteria means new drug, new risk, new benefit, because you have a lot of benefit by the bacteria, new treatments. You have new infection. Jean-François will explain you that better than I did. The human risk, he has explained by Isabella to the previous talk, and the metabolic risk of obesity. The emerging disease, the first emerging disease in everywhere in the world, has been extremely well documented by a paper published in Nanset in 2015. On the Global Burden Disease Study Assessment, the GBDS. GBDS is an extraordinary paper which covers 135 different countries, and which really provide a new idea, a very new idea for everyone. Infectious diseases are not now the main source of mortality. The main source of mortality are non-transmissible chronic diseases, generally linked to age. And this non-transmissible chronic disease is a new transition in terms of epidemiology. It includes cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative. And as an overall covering, the industrial pandemic. Because these diseases are not entirely caused, but they are all aggravated by tobacco, by abnormal food, by problem in food, by alcohol. In France, alcohol, you can't touch it without being qualified as a bad French, or Italian, probably the same also, and sedentary, the absence of exercise. That's the new, the new relay, the new medicines that we have to face with. If you, and it represents about 60 to 70% of the mortality. You have also an increase in the autoimmune and allergic disease, but this increase, some of them are very severe, but most of them are, as a responsible of an emergency service, I remember, of acute crisis of asthma, that's terrible. But it's not frequent, but acute myocardial infection, you see 10 or 20 myocardial infections for one crisis of asthma. The new infection disease, there are some, but they are well controlled, they could not, they could be not well controlled, but we don't know. But for the moment, Ebola, for example, has been arrested. The new metabolic disease, and the disease caused or aggravated, caused or aggravated by new polyurethane. This is a long category of disease that we have to include in that, the Alzheimer's and all the neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer, the incidence of Alzheimer is around 200% actually in our country. The incidence of Parkinson is about 150%, the incidence. And autism, but autism is a special, there is a special problem of definition, because autism is a disease of the relationship. And we, certainly you have to make S to say one autism, several of them. And that's not clear for the moment. But autism, there are a lot of evidence in particular, that the metabolic precursor, the metabolic precursor are the direct causes of autism. And they found a lot of these metabolic precursor in the uterus of mother waiting for a baby. Edging is an emerging risk and a new group of disease. Emerging, normal edging means progressive change in anatomical, physiological, and psychological change without any real disease. And pathological disease means it is associated with one and generally several chronic nontransferable disease. But this is, this is represent about 45% of the mortality in our country. Mingeal longevity is the mean life, you must remember that the mean longevity, or the mean life span is the same, but the maximum longevity is the maximum life span that a given special is able to live. For 10 minutes, for example, in some bacteria, to several hundred years in sequoia or sharks. The human maximum longevity is actually 120 years and it has not been changed at all. The human mean longevity has changed, the mean lifespan has been improved, but actually it reached the plateau and probably we are not so far to reach the maximum human longevity. The problem is that from with experimental model like those of Achillia, don't remember some several species, it's possible to change the longevity very easily by genetic manipulation. I hope that we never try to do that. But I hope that we never try to do that because when you manipulate the genes responsible for the longevity, you also manipulate the same genes responsible for cancer. And there is a sort of discussion between the two. All the geriatricians, and I am a geriatrician, know that severe cancer in very very old persons are probably less severe than in people younger. Because you have the genes against a gene which are the genes for against a gene which are equally active against the cancer geneal. Contemporary aging is a unique phenomenon in the world history. It's entirely caused by human activity. On this curve you see the age and the time and the increase in lifespan is regular with two or three peaks due to the to the European stupidity. The war in the French was participating in that a lot. And you can extrapolate of course but you will reach the maximum longevity of our species without genetic manipulation except if you have a nuclear, a viral or a climate disaster. Climate disaster must be very severe to change the mortality. Life span and LCI gene does not correlate with climate but it represents the background of any approach concerning health and the major problem for physicians. Human aging is unique in the evolutionary story of life. It concerns mainly the developed country and has major consequences on economic point of view. Aging in good health is a problem of prevention. Chronic age related non-translatable disease are biological consequences of the senescence cellular. This is well documented. When the cells become senescence and unable to to multiply it also produce secretome which is responsible for several groups of disease. This is from the global burden disease study. It shows you the mortality in 134 countries from traumatism. You see a mortality by traumatism, by infectious disease and by non-translatable disease. And out there the non-translatable disease are the main cause of mortality in every country including China, US and Europe. An infectious risk I will say just a few words. Saint-François will do that better and we both together agree since about 10 years together at that point. But I want to remind you a problem which is perhaps a little bit different of the problem of Saint-François. Gems the problem is too much or too enough. Not too enough. I know that Isabella does not agree with the egenic hypothesis but I will say a word because egenic hypothesis is at least probably very likely to be good in some diseases. Too much. Too much. This is the mortality curve due to infectious disease. Since 19 to now infectious disease has decreased acutely with just a small increase due to AIDS. But AIDS is in a horrible disease extremely but it's not a major cause of mortality actually in our country. Another slide that Saint-François knows very well from his friends with ours showing that the category of driver associated with the emergence and re-emergence of human pathogen ranks and you see that the climate change is one of the last ones. The first responsible of the change in the re-emergence of human pathogen are certainly the change in lines and the contamination. The international travel, the point seven, is actually probably one of the major points but I will not go on further with that. One of the main problems with the infection is the appearance of genetic mutation. We have thousands of genetic mutations known for antibiotics. There is recently a new paper about antiviral, anti-elementic and the antiviral treatment of AIDS creates a new category of virus and so on. The human activity creates new genes, new microbes. But there is another possibility also that are too clean and this is certainly demonstrated in farms in several countries and especially there are good papers from Finland by an iconic, or showing that and this is based on the hypothesis which is an hypothesis which has been developed by a good friend of me which is Jean-François back in the New England Journal of Medicine years ago and Jean-François shows that the incidence of infectious disease, muscle, even viral, mumps, tuberculosis, hepatitis, rheumatic fever which is due to a streptococcus decrease since 1950 to 2000 and in the same in parallel you have an increase of asthma type one which is diabetes which is autoimmune diabetes, multiple sclerosis and the corn disease or the gut a lot a lot of by corn disease we include a lot several diseases of the gut which are very severe and the incidence of them incidence of asthma and the corn disease is about multiplied by 10 actually. And this was the basis of the eugenic hypothesis saying that we are too clean we suppress all these diseases and because of that there is this increase. There are a lot of other over the argument which are coated them and especially when the incidence of the autoimmune disease in a farm is much lower than in in the city. The main problem is probably to be the reduction of the relocation of the biodiversity of our gut that modified our immune system as for asthma and there are several embed also for atherosclerosis and remember that the stomach ulcer which was when I was a young student and a psychiatric disease is now an infectious disease which can be totally treated by by a antibiotic and probably the same for Parkinson's. So it's actually to be the main determinant of the increase incidence of autoimmune allergic and metabolic disease in our country. And this is why the change in biodiversity has a consequence on the public health. The biodiversity change in the prokaryote kingdom at the level of the biotic and a biotic microbiota and its consequences is to my think a burning topic. And remember that the human you have in red the DNA of human genome but you have in blue, in green or in yellow the genome of our host of our microbiome, microbiome of the skin of the gut of the vagine of the of the mouse and several things there are linked and probably directly and we have not only epidemiologic proof but also experimental proof that there is a good link between this microbiota and the several of the chronic or non transmissible diseases. So the word about the toxic ricks and the pollution I would I think this slide probably is only one to show. You see that the increase incidence of the new cancer cases in France was not only due to aging you have the age to increase incidence of cancer but it was observed for all age you probably know that incidence of cancer is higher at 75 than 85 and you might you see that the increase in incidence of cancer in different type of cancer is the same what it doesn't matter the age. So that suggests clearly that a toxic component is involved. Which one? The incidence of the testicular cancer is particularly well documented. Another problem is the toxicity. Is that in France at least but certainly in every country in Europe the toxicity as a new product is extremely well controlled but the toxic curve the toxic curve is the toxicity against level of exposure. The toxic curve is not monotonic. Several toxic curves are like that and the law some doesn't specify in our country if we have to make a toxic curve in this in this or in this or in this range. So we don't know if this product is really not toxic. This has been several times observed by my friend Robert Barocchi for example. Just a word about the paper we have about the cardiovascular and the lung risk of pollution. The problem which is I don't understand how I still don't understand why how this has been observed and the reasons is if you consider there is two problems which are totally insolved. The first problem is the dessert without the urban pollution that you specify. If the pollution as a micro particle is due is something like tobacco because this particular GSL is like tobacco it's a plant origin I don't understand why the cardiovascular risk is higher with the dessert. Yeah yeah we don't know okay and but the second problem is that for tobacco research which I know very well I was studying that for years we don't know not only have epidemiological case observation but we have a strong lot of experimental data that we don't have for the moment with atmospheric pollution and I think it's a it's a request from a non no more practicing experimentator. There is an association recently discovered for between some pesticide and Parkinson's disease as it is strong for some organochlorine that's of her and and there are also some suggestions for the other diseases which is important because the disease actually is going to be the main cause of mortality in our countries. I will skip that. I will end my talk to respect the timetable of my friend Eric by a few examples of a result public health problem. In epidemiology free access to mortality but also morbidity register we don't have that in France at least. Independent detail analysis of toxic of every component a new component in the market the same the simple little dose in unknown is unknown but most of the chemicals are valuable and their toxicity on the ground as generally unknown also. To create a promote regional procedure in every European country at least indicating original the geographic diffusion of bacteria virus and emerging mutants organic or non-ganic polyurethane this is this doesn't exist for example moment in New York. To bring to justice the various crooks guru charlatans quakes paranoid who are responsible thanks to internet of doubt based on pseudo scientific data and to encourage journal there is in France a science and pseudo science a journal which tried to this decipher this fake news problem. This is important and we all have to react strongly not with with with symbol polite word but with the justice and finally the basic question is our brain is our brain made to understood and select some more information than the others remains remains open. We have to know how is our brain made. There are several priorities to attenuate or reduce social inequity and to control nuclear power if possible. In 2018 health politics requires an ecological approach and a global view of health and to consider the entire ecosystem in which we are living. I recommend a good book from the from minor on this point to subsidize in priority some elementary problem as the access to clean water the building of facilitation of sanitation facilitated facilities to eliminate open defecation to organize migration to develop aquaculture of river species not aquaculture of the same of fish which is just stupid to develop agricultural production using co2 dependent bacteria and there are co2 dependent bacteria and there is a good paper in a good review on that which I can give you easily the reference to severely augmented tax for sectors that are for the moment protector alcohol drug and flight companies to favor public investment in prevention tobacco alcohol vaccine and health organization Ebola. More than in medicine the example of Ebola is a good example of the simple organization of the of the health structure can stop an epidemic immediately and to favor that more than in medicine or surgery the looks which benefit may need to reach patients. I mean the cardiac transplantation is nice we're working in cardiology but it's extremely expensive with the money for one cardiac transplantation we can organize the tobacco prevention in one country like France completely free. The true question is finally the human able to continue to adapt to himself the question is clearly beyond the simple medical practice and finish if you don't if you want to read something more you can buy my book but it's in French I'm sorry for that there are a lot of references but these slides Eric the students have the slides you give them the slides and the reprints and the five reprints that I send you yeah we can they can have access to it yeah we put that on the long list of references yeah this would be on the internet side of the the event so everybody can download it it's not right now but it will okay so we have maybe time for one or two questions and there is my email address uh bernard. We should write it and please send them if you want any I can send you the reprint directly you just send me don't hesitate to send me even if you are if you are too young or to do that easily thank you very much yes ma'am just a really quick comment thank you very much bernard for the presentations the two and just to want to thank because you mentioned at the end the issue of equity because in this field and we are observing inequalities both in exposure because you know equity is an issue that you should take into account when we cope with this matter and also the inequalities in prevention strategies and inequalities in healthcare so the equity issue is something that we all have to take into account and in mind just just this comment I read a nice paper in italy inequality in italy between the north and the south and yes there is a good paper I don't know where but you have to thank you very much um doc usually when oncologists are I mean giving presentation on cancer they don't they are not explicit on the causes of cancer but they talk about predisposing factors for example like in the case of lung cancer if you smoke then you predispose yourself but I think in your presentation you were a bit you were intimating that a new polluance for example could be implicated in the cause of cancer what what are the likelihoods what are the probable and pollutants that could be involved thank you the probability of that cancer is due to a toxic there is an increase is absolutely certain but we don't know which and if we knew it we have it in the first page of the new york times immediately no my the only data I show you is that a cancer is related to age we have we have we have more chance to have a cancer than you for example no doubt about that but at the age of 65 70 which is a peak of the incidence of cancer in our countries the whole country like every country this increase every year to for the moment so if it increases every year it is you must have something else it's it's perhaps a toxic but it could be perhaps also an infection we don't know because for the moment the infectious diseases are more linked to cancer than toxic you we know a lot of cancer due to infection we all know very few of them due to toxic but we simply don't know can you talk just to comment actually the international agency for research on cancer has provided a list of many products or agents that are very bad for cancer obviously then why one individual got a cancer in another not these include taking to account other factors but what is important that now we will see in this day there are some models that allow you to identify the proper role of one factor taking the other into account so in some way for example you take all smokers and then you see whether those that were exposed to some special have a cancer compared to those that were not exposed and when you find this is because these factories playing a role okay but the genetic I mean as he said very well there are many factors I can also make a small remark a general remark which could be useful for you a disease is the result of our genetics and our environment when you meet a bus in the street you you can learn there is no genetics it's just a bus if you have a mucophysidose if you have some rare genetic disease and your mind is nearly nothing genetics is 100% but between them you have all the medicine you have every you see asthma, cancer, obesity and myocardial infarction, gut disease they are mixture of your genetics background and the environment and I think I like very much a good definition of our genome our genome is a way you respond to your environment we all have a different genome but we all have the same environment and we don't we don't suffer the same way our genome is our the definition of a person and the way is responding to its environment that's right you must keep that in mind when you're considering disease, medicine and other. Okay thank you professor Swindo so I propose that we continue this talk on the on the lunch break which is we need to rush now up to the first air and we we meet at 2.30 we're back in this room for the afternoon session lunch is upstairs cafeteria and first floor


Hey, y'all, what's up? My name is Sonali, welcome to a new video. If you guys are not already subscribed, definitely go ahead and do so. And if you are already subscribed, make sure your post notifications are turned on. Cool. All right, today we were doing a massive unboxing.  And also I have an Abercrombie package. I have a PR package. I'm not sure what's in here, so we're gonna find out together. So I thought I would just vlog it for you guys, kind of have like a chill talk through video and open some packages. So let's get started with this box just because I really don't know what's in here. I'm filming this when the sun is like at its brightest, which is probably not the smartest decision, but gotta do what you gotta do. I don't know how, but Dolce Vita got my email and they set me two pairs of shoes, like I think last month, and then they were like, oh, let us know if you want anything else. I was like, literally this is a dream. And so I got these cute shoes this time. I love a good mule and they're nude mules and the block is kind of like this wood, like pale wood color. I think they're so adorable, especially for the fall. I find myself not wearing as much black anymore. So I thought I would just get like a nude, a nude like comfy heel. We got back home from the beach yesterday and we came back to perfect weather. It's finally fall here in Austin. So I can finally start styling some fall outfits. I think I'm currently banned on TikTok, which sucks because when I got back home, I was like so excited to film some content, like reels and TikToks and everything, but it just like makes me feel like I shouldn't even film them because I think I'm banned. Like it's so weird. All right. All right, what is this? Oh, okay. So I honestly think my Amazon glitched because there are three things in these boxes that I ordered doubles of and I don't think I actually ordered doubles. I could totally see it being like, I ordered two of one thing, but I literally do not think I ordered double of three things. So that's kind of sketchy, but I'm gonna just return them. Thank God Amazon has pre-returns, but this is a part of my Halloween costume actually. I'm gonna go as a brat stall. And so I got this like glitter choker and it actually came with a bracelet as well. Next up is something that I've actually had on my to-do list for so long is ordering lens protectors. The last time I got one of my lenses serviced, the guy was like, you should have like lens protectors on all of your cameras. And I was like, what the hell is that? I'm like, I've never heard of it. I've heard of ND filters, which is kind of like you can adjust the exposure or even more kind of thing. Like you can make it darker even though like the camera won't go darker, but these are kind of just for protection. And honestly, I need that because I'm not the best with my technology. So I'm gonna put this on my vlogging camera and I'm gonna buy two more for my most used lenses. I'm guessing these are shoes. Another part of my Halloween costume, furry shoes. Why are these actually so cute?  And they were like, I want to say like 23 bucks. It's not bad at all. They're like furry. They have like that glitter to match the choker. This is a heavy one. If you watched my vlogs at the beach, you guys would know that I'm planning my 25th birthday party. I have so many things on my Amazon list that I want for my birthday. Just like disposable cups and table runners and all that stuff. I'm gonna wait a little closer to my birthday or just like wait till the first week of November to start ordering stuff for the party. Okay, here is an egg poacher. This is another thing that I just like have been wanting for so long. And it's a double egg poacher. You do it in the microwave and I'm just like obsessed with poached eggs. I love eggspended eggs. So if I could make that at home, I feel like it would be amazing. So I'm really freaking excited to try this thing out. And then here is something that I feel like everyone already has, but I got a salt lamp. And this is the reason why this box is so heavy. I feel like this would just be so calming. I know that some people like use it in the bathroom just to have like a calming shower or like a bath. I kind of want to start taking baths more, but they just like bore me. So I don't know how I'm gonna start doing that, but maybe this will help. And then I have butterfly clips for my Halloween costume. I thought I could do the pink ones in my hair because that's like kind of like Y2K kind of goes along with the Bratz theme. This is really random, but we went to a really nice steakhouse at the beach and they had these automatic like pepper and salt. What is it called? What the frick is it called? It's just an electric salt and pepper grinder. And theirs had like a little light every time you like flipped it over. I thought it was literally the coolest thing in the world.  So I was like, okay, you know what? We are finding this on Amazon and I found it. I swear it was like 20 bucks and I was kind of shook because it's like really nice. I mean, it's super heavy, but like it looks so nice. So I'm very excited to add this to my kitchen. These are cheesecloths and they're gonna be used to kind of like drain my pulp when I'm juicing with my blender, my Vitamix. Doing it in my Vitamix, it definitely can be done. And I think this will help, but I kind of wanted to just look into getting a juicer again. I feel like it'll just be a little bit more efficient. I don't know if you guys know this, but pretty much you can find anything on Amazon and there's even like brand stores now. So for example, UGG has their brand store on there. So I wanted to get some new UGGs for the season. I got the mini ones in Chestnut and they are so cute. I know these are already gonna be so comfy. I have three other pairs. I have these and like the long ones and then the black ones and the long ones. And I think I have like a knit one. I have no idea where that knit one is. I feel like it's at my mom's house. I remember every season she would just steal my UGGs because they were, you know, at her house during college. I went to school in Florida so I didn't really need them there, but I wanted them there. Also you guys know I am obsessed with my furry Birkenstock and I left them at home during the beach trip just because I didn't want them to get like sandy or too dirty at the beach. And I'm just so happy to be back and you know, back with my furry Birks. This is definitely one of those products that TikTok made me buy. I got the green Bissell machine and I'm so freaking excited to use this because Lord knows we need it. Not only in my car, but also on our carpet and our bedroom, you know, Sophie sometimes is a bad girl and she has accidents when we're sleeping, even though we put pee pads out.  She pees outside, she poops outside. We take her out very often, but you know, sometimes these dogs just have a little freaking mind of their own. Even when the pee pads out, they just pee right next to it on the carpet. In our last apartment, we actually rented a carpet cleaner from Home Depot like twice. I think Ryan said it was like $35 or something like that. Maybe like 50, I don't know, for like an hour or two hours. But I was like, you know what? If this is like gonna be a consistent problem that we can't really like help because you know, we take her out and stuff, we're already doing everything right, then we should invest in our own little carpet cleaner. I'm really excited to try it out. I think I'm gonna make a TikTok on it and I'm really hoping that it actually does what I've seen on TikTok because if it does, then this is definitely gonna be my new favorite cleaning tool. This next box is going to be kind of random. This is lavender syrup. I feel like I've had more matches that I like that have lavender syrup in it than the ones that don't. So I was like, you know what? I should just try to make my own matcha at home and see if I can recreate it and save some money. I got more shoes. These are house slippers and they have these really cute smileys on them. I've seen these on Amazon for a while now and I was like, you don't need them. You don't need them. But then I was like, you want them though. They are so soft inside and literally so adorable. I feel like this would be a really good like stocking stuffer because I think it's pretty affordable like probably in the $20 range. My battery is dying so I had to change it but we're back. And I thought we would do the Abercrombie bag next. Okay, so starting with this one, I got this sweater vest and I love Abercrombie's quality. It is honestly so amazing. But also I feel like they raise their prices. Like I do not remember being this expensive in high school but I mean, I love their clothes and the quality is great.  It's kind of like an oversized sweater vest and I'm not really sure how I'm going to style it just yet but like I said, I'm just so excited to be back home with my fall clothes and like in this fall weather it's just like so inspiring just to be in a new season. I saw these shorts on sale for like $23 or something crazy. So I snatched them up. These are the high rise mom's short and I had these before I had like my golden ones. I literally wore them all summer. Like they were the only shorts I would wear because they're just so comfortable. They're boxy. I love that they have the little slit like a goldie does. I don't know if you can see that. But yeah, I thought I would just have a black pair for the fall. I know Austin can sometimes have, you know, hotter fall days. I finally got the infamous jeans. I feel like Abercrombie always has like a pair of jeans every season or every year at least that go TikTok viral. These are the 90s relaxed jeans. They're the high rise and I got them in a blue color because you guys know, I don't have enough blue freaking mom jeans. I don't know why I do this to myself. I literally need to go get rid of like half my jeans because sometimes just like don't fit me anymore. I don't even know. The slit looks perfect. I've seen so many TikToks on my 40 page recently saying how amazing these jeans are. So I will keep you guys updated on my Instagram stories. If you guys are already following me over there, go ahead and do so. I'm obsessed with just like baggy sweat pants, sweatshirts. I got this sweatshirt recently on my beach trip and I am obsessed with just like the oversized fit of it. And so I wanted to get more sweats from Abercrombie because I have like a couple pairs that are just perfect. So these are, I want to say the Sunday something. I don't think it says, but anyways, I think they're the Sunday sweats.  These ones have a little flared leg at the end and I just love the color of these. They're the perfect tethered gray. Next up we have a package from Goryana. My whole bracelet stack is from them. I literally never take it off. I swim in the ocean. I always shower with them and they don't like leave me turning green or they don't rust. Their quality is truly unmatched and I know it is a little bit pricier, especially something like this. If you're wearing it every single day, like you're gonna get your use out of it. We have some drop earrings. These are called the Brookstrop earrings and I thought they were so precious and I really want to start getting into just like wearing more statement pieces and switching out my hoops, which are also from Goryana, but like I literally never take them out. Next up is this beautiful little pendant necklace and this one is called the Power Jumpstone or a necklace for abundance. Okay, let me show you up close. I hope you guys can see this. I know it's really sunny right now. It really was not a good time to be filming, but I need to start getting ready because I have a party to go to tonight. It's October 28th, so like Halloween weekend is starting today. Today's party is kind of like an 80s thrift prom and I didn't really have time to go thrifting. So I literally bought like a poofy skirt on Amazon and all of the stuff I bought on Amazon I literally ordered yesterday and it says it's coming by 10 p.m. tonight and the party starts at nine. So we're praying, we're hoping that it gets here by like eight so that I can leave at like 8.30 and meet my friends. Before I forgot, I wanted to show you guys these shoes that I got from Amazon. I'm planning on wearing them tonight because I feel like they are giving me very 80s vibe. Honestly, I'm really bad at playing decades. They're kind of just like combined in my head, but these are beautiful. These are pretty much a dupe of those shoes that like every blogger has now. I want to say they're called like mock mocks, no. Mosh mocks, I don't even know. They have a clear base, they have a nude base, they have it all. So highly recommend checking this out. Unfortunately, these were not on prime. I think I waited about like two to three weeks, but like, look how stunning these are. The sun is making me so hot, but we only have two more packages to open. This is for my birthday actually. These are pink rose petals and I was planning on putting them in the cocktails. I'm in love with just pretty drinks with the cutest garnishes. So I knew at my birthday party I had to have drinks like that. So I got some rose petals and I'm gonna have a bunch more cute garnishes, but I think I'm gonna wait again till it gets closer to the event to get all those. I just wanted to make sure I ordered the stuff that said it wasn't prime as soon as possible. All right, the last package is some beauty stuff. I used to be obsessed with watching beauty tutorials and makeup tutorials and all that stuff, but I kind of like phased out of it. Every once in a while I will come across a makeup video that makes me feel so inspired and I love that feeling. And there's this makeup artist named Painted by Spencer.  Like the way he makes people's eyes like so big and beautiful, I just don't know how he does it. But anyways, he was talking about just like gel liner and I'm pretty sure in one of his videos he used this gel liner by Inglot. I remember hearing this brand when I was in high school. So when I heard him talk about it again, I was like, I need it, I'm going to try it out finally. So I got one eyeliner in a brown color because I'm obsessed with a brown wing. My favorite felt tip eyeliner is the one from Glossier. It's the pro tip eyeliner, but unfortunately it doesn't come in brown. I think it only comes in black. I also got just an eyeliner brush, an angled brush, which was not from Inglot, just like some random company that I saw pop up when I was looking for these eyeliners and I was like, that's probably something I would need. So that is all the packages. Now I need to break down these boxes.  If you guys are on the same wavelength as me and also have the Amazon addiction, definitely go check out my Amazon storefront. I have so much good stuff. And soon I'm going to start creating my holiday gift guides on my blog and my Amazon storefront. So I'm going to have like two separate gift guides. The ones on my blog are probably going to be things that you may not be able to find at Amazon, but the ones on my Amazon storefront, obviously, hopefully will be prime. I feel like with this Halloween weekend, everything I ever wanted to buy could have been a costume, so nothing was prime. Nothing was coming before October 31st. I got very lucky with all of my Bratz doll accessories because if I would have ordered one day later, it definitely would not have come by Halloween.


Hello guys, welcome back to another video. This is Crypt of Grounds here. Welcome out to another C sharp crash video This is episode 15 and today we're gonna be doing for loops if you're new here Make sure you subscribe to my channel turn on the occasion if you enjoy the video Make sure you leave a like and check out my other videos Which should be in the icon in the corner as it's going on with it. So for loops pretty self-explanatory Let's say these are good for making sums if you want to run through an array changing certain stuff You just basically want to run through a loop or certain amount of times, okay? So let's start with the initialation we have four which is our keyword here and we have our parentheses And we have a statement here or a declaration here We have a statement here and then we have our action here and then we got our code right here Okay, so let's say we want to start with int I equals zero. This is good for arrays, right? Okay, so I made my setup here kind of do a little over the top here I basically made it An interay with the size five which will look like this at the start before the for loop and this will be after the for loop Okay, all right. So now we're gonna start at zero right here And let's say we want I to be less than five Now what this means it will never go to five. It will always stop at four four will be the last time it runs however If you do I is greater than or equal to five It will try to go five and it will completely fail because five is out of bounds, right? So you can either do I is less than four. So keep going until As long as I is less than four Or no, no, no, sorry. I is less than five Or what you can do instead Is I Is less than or equal then Or is I is yeah, I or let So what I can also do is I is less than or equal than four. Okay? But however, it's this is good for reading it if you're new But it's honestly better to just do less than five Because you know our size is five, right? So I mean, I guess it's kind of easy to translate think about that way Okay, and then here let's say we want I to increment by one now You can obviously increment by two if you want to if you want to update every single Other array if you want to which we can do I can do that for example And let's say we want our temp in the array at index I because that's our variable right here Also, it's int I equal to zero my apologies And we're going to set this equal to I So after this is done basically it'll look like this at the end Just like this right Now let's say we want to skip Let's say we want to add it by two You can do plus equals two Okay, we don't need the semicolon right here. Don't do that. Okay So now if we do this It will start at zero it would go to two four and then stop Okay, so what it'll look like here instead is it'll look like this zero zero two zero four It's because we're skipping these ones because this is basically going to the even numbers in The for loop right Okay, so another thing to notice is that your IDE since you're using whole numbers here It'll say that you can put var. Yes, that's completely valid because these are integers Now you can do floats and you can just do float I equals zero and you can do um eyes less than One and let's say you want to commit every zero point one I mean, I don't know what you're going to do that for probably for sums or something like that But in our case We're using whole numbers so we can just make this bar Because it knows it's an integer, right? Anyways, that is it for this video. I hope you enjoyed makes you leave a like Subscribe to my channel if you're new and turn on notifications and check out my other videos Comments in my comment your suggestions below and your questions. Anyways, thanks for watching. Peace


Hi, I'm Shrini, and I'll be talking about building products for humans using Python. So I'm a software consultant, and I've been working with multiple startups, and there was one product that I was building, which is a marketing or an ad copy generator. So it's a piece of software which takes in the user input, and it applies a few patterns and rules, and there are a lot of ML, NLP related things in the black box, and out comes the marketing ad or copy. So what is a copy? It's just a basic text that you see on any marketing page or a landing page, right? So this is the software, and the output that it generates is a normal Python dictionary which gets translated to a JSON file, and it looks like this. We as programmers can understand this. So there is a headline, there's a sub headline, and there are a few paragraphs. This is a very simplified sample. The actual JSON is a much bigger one. So there are paragraphs, and there are call to action, and so on. But if you show this to a marketing guy, this is going to be the reaction that he is going to show, right? So naturally, you need to create a normal text file which normal human can understand. And the first iteration is basically you create a simple script which outputs a text file. But a normal text file loses all the semantics that you get out of the tool that we have created, the headline, the sub headline, and a lot of other tables, and those kind of things are lost here. And you ask the user to open it in Notepad, and then you have to teach him how WordRap works, and why there are multiple lines, and so on. So the second version, we decided to put it in HTML or a web application, and there was a frontend guy who was working on this, and he just created a HTML page with all the formatting and everything done neatly in CSS.js. And the end user eventually said, I want to edit this file. And why don't you just give me a Word document? And the frontend guy, he was, even though, yeah, Nord and NPM has a lot of packages, he wasn't able to get the right packages for creating Word document on the frontend. So I had to step in and then say, let's do it in Python on the backend itself, and you can just link it to it. That's simple. So the package that they used for this was called as Python Rock X. You can just do a pip install Python Rock X. So there are basically two ways to generate a Word document. So you take all the data and you lay out the page as paragraphs. So a Word document is composed of multiple paragraphs, and each paragraph can have its own styling, and each paragraph can also have its own something called as a runs. So they have styling for each of them. You can also mark styling for each of the characters and so on. So let's just see a very simple example code. So you create an empty document object and you add a heading, which is level one heading, which is the title or the heading one if you use Word document. And then you add another heading, which is a level two heading, and then you add a paragraph. Just for the sake of this example, I'm just stopping with a single paragraph, and finally I'm doing a doc.save of a file name, which is the output file name. So this is one way to generate a Word document. The second way is you create a template file. The reason why I'm talking about the second way is there are many documents that you would need much more complex styling. And it's a bit hard to do that because the documentation is not that very good. So I instead created a template file, I used the data that is generated, and I embedded both, I wrote a script which just replaced all the dummy data in the template file, and it creates the doc file. So the example is very similar. Just the lines 5, 6, 7 have been changed. And the object, you create an object using the template file. And in the line 5, you can see that you do a doc.paragraphs of zero, which is the zero paragraph, you're changing the text to whatever text you want and so on. So this is the second way to generate a Word document. And this is just a screenshot of the same script that we used, and this is how it will look in your Word document. So once you show this, this is naturally going to be the reaction from the marketing guy. And the things that we learned here is that users are humans, and you need to empathize with them and understand that they have their own preferences and they have their own file formats and languages that they like, and you can't impose your standards on them. And Python makes it easy to create documents like Word documents, Excel, PowerPoint, and PDF. So these are all the different packages that you can use to create these files. Thanks. You can follow me on Twitter at CNU, and this is my website.


Okay, thank you very much for coming. I hope you have all found a comfortable seat. I'd like to welcome you to the next talk, Privacy Mail Towards Transparency in e-mail dragging. Well, what's this talk about? Website dragging, that's just today's jam. We all know that this happens. We all more or less know how it happens. We more or less have accepted it, lived with it and have established our defense measures, ad blockers and so on. But mostly unknown, also our e-mail traffic is dragged as well. And these guys started a project to make this e-mail dragging transparency for all. How it works and how you can all benefit from it. Therefore, please welcome our next speaker, Max Maas. Have fun. Okay, thank you very much. Can you hear me okay? Welcome to my talk. I'm Max Maas. This was just announced. I'm giving this presentation, this is joint work with Stefan Schwerer, a student of mine and Matthias Hollig, my supervisor at TU Darmstadt. So maybe before we get started, a quick question for everyone here. Who of you actually receives e-mail newsletters? More or less everyone. Who of you actually wants to receive e-mail newsletters? That's about half of the people. Okay, not bad. And who of you was aware before they saw the description of this talk that these e-mail newsletters tend to be tracked? That is also about half of the room. So, when I talk about online privacy, I usually get the reaction that there's something like, oh no, it's another talk about tracking. Like, I get it, people are watching me from the shadows and at some point it just becomes boring.  The first one is we're not talking about websites, we're talking about e-mails, as was already said. So it's a bit of new ground. The second is there's going to be a live demo and something for you to play with after this talk. And the third is it's only a 30-minute talk, so you don't lose a lot of time even if it's terrible. So, when you talk about e-mail privacy, we usually talk about stuff like e-mail security. So we have a message and we want to send it from person A to person B, and we say, oh no, we got to encrypt everything because the NSA is looking at all the connections and all the servers and encrypt everything. And I mean, yes, we should encrypt everything, but this is not what this talk is about. This talk is about the sender of the messages who wants to know if the recipient of the messages is actually reading them. And so it's about analytics here, similar to analytics on websites. And if you're familiar with the world of tracking on websites, you may know that it is possible to track views. So, if you just open a website, this can be tracked. Similarly, if you just open an e-mail and you have remote content enabled, then this can be tracked by, for example, embedding images or embedding style sheets. And these can then be personalized, and when you open it, they are loaded. And through the fact that this resource got loaded, the person that sent you the e-mail knows that you opened it. So this is very basically the way it works. You can also track interactions. So if you click a link, this is usually done by personalizing the link so that you get a very unique link that only belongs to you, to this specific e-mail address, to this specific newsletter that you got, to this specific link in the newsletter, and then the people sending it know very exactly who was clicking which links and so on. And finally, e-mail is very useful to link different identities. So I might have a smartphone and I browse the web on the smartphone and the advertisers get a lot of interesting data about me from the smartphone, and then I have a laptop and I browse the web with the laptop and the advertisers get a lot of interesting data about me from the laptop, but they don't really have a way to determine that this laptop and this phone are actually both belong to me. And this is where e-mail comes in, because if you do read your e-mails on both your laptop and your phone, and you load remote content, then this can be used to link these two identities. So they can tell, so these two devices receive e-mails from the same e-mail account, so they probably belong to the same person, thereby merging your different profiles and making it much easier to sell you, I don't know, useless stuff you don't need. So what's the big deal in terms of e-mail tracking? So e-mail tracking is highly prevalent, depending on who you ask, between 24 percent and 85 percent of all e-mails contain tracking. These two numbers come from two studies that had fairly different methodologies, the higher number looks at only top websites and the lower number looks at a larger set of websites. So the truth is probably somewhere in between and depends greatly on which e-mail newsletter you do receive yourself. So if you open a tracked e-mail, the website knows if you open the e-mail, of course. When you open the e-mail, which device you used, they also know which software you used, are you using Thunderbird, are you using Apple Mail, and they can also know very roughly where you were based on the IP that you used. And this data can then also be shared with others. We're going to see an example of how this works later, but this basically means that different tracking providers can work together to track you all cooperatively. So how can we detect this? First off, there's static analysis where you basically say, I get an e-mail, which is basically just a glorified HTML document, and then I look at it. I just look at the HTML code. So I see, okay, there's an image embedded here and there's a link set here and so on, and that way you see very roughly what would happen if you were to open it in an e-mail viewer. The problem with this methodology is that maybe there's a link in there, or an image that is being embedded, but just by opening the e-mail and resolving this image that is being embedded, it actually turns out that this is like a chain of forwards that sends you via four or five different companies before you actually end up with the image. This is actually happening. So static analysis can only give you a lower bound of the amount of tracking that you will encounter by opening this e-mail. What you would want to do is to do dynamic analysis. So you basically look at the system in the wild. This means that you take a system that can render an e-mail realistically. So this could be a Thunderbird, or this could be Firefox or something like that that just evaluates all of this HTML and renders it and also receives all of the third-party resources like the embedded images and so on, and ideally can also click a link. And this is what we're doing with our system. So I've been talking about our system a lot now. Let's quickly tell you what this is actually about. So what we wanted to build is a system that you can basically sign up a newsletter to, and then we would receive the emails, analyze everything for you, and then show the world basically a report of what is going on in these newsletters. That was the overall goal. That's why I'm talking about transparency and e-mail tracking. It gives everyone the ability to look at what is going on. If you look at what other people have done in the past, it is very often just a snapshot analysis. So you say, if we look at the system right now, this is what we see, but it is not updated over time. It is a one-off thing. So from these one-off studies, there have been three. One of them was done by Engelhardt et al. And they actually also did a dynamic analysis. They are actually the inspiration for our system. And they looked at, I think, the top 100,000 most popular websites at that time, analyzed their emails, and they found that there is widespread tracking. I think the 85% number came from them, so 85% of emails are tracked. That was from their study. And they also looked at defenses. We're going to talk a bit more about defenses later. The second one was by Chu et al. They looked at, in a static analysis, looked at both their own email accounts that they got over the last 10 years, all the emails they got, and they checked what was going on there. And they also signed up for, I think, the top 10,000 websites or something like that for the newsletters they could find there. And they also did a user study. So they asked people, like, how would you feel if your emails were being tracked? And then people said, oh, I wouldn't feel very good about it. And then they probably told them while your emails are being tracked, deal with it. And stuff like this. And then the third one, they also did a static analysis. They actually have a fairly interesting paper because you might know these disposable email services, like 10-minute mail and so on, where you basically just say, I want to sign up for a new account somewhere, and I don't want to give them my actual email address. So you get a temporary email address from them, you sign up, you click the confirmation link, and then you forget about it. And apparently for some of these services, it is actually possible to scrape these inboxes. So you basically say, I want to see all the emails that were being received by some interesting identity somewhere, and they basically did a very large scale scraping. I think they had a total of over a million emails they collected that way, and they did a lot of interesting stuff with that. So they also found that people were signing up for healthcare plans with that, and had their social security numbers in there and stuff like this.  But okay, so much for that. So it's a very entertaining and interesting paper to read. You will find it in the references. Yeah. So if we look at similar systems in the sense of systems that allow you to find out what specific systems are violating your privacy, there's two in the area of websites. One of them is PrivacyScore.org, which I developed with a couple of other people. I think one of them is also in the audience, Henning. And we are basically looking at websites and doing dynamic analysis of websites. So we tell you, like, is there trackers embedded, all of this. The second system is a web call by the Swedish NGO Datasheet. I've always mispronounced this. And they do a very similar thing and also give you hints on how to address these problems if you happen to be the operator of this website. So how does the system actually work? So this is what the workflow actually looks like when you use our system. So let's say you're interested in the newsletter that is sent out by, I don't know, Example.com. And you would basically tell our system, look, I'm interested in Example.com, and then we would see, okay, do we have it on file already? No. Okay, here's an email address for you. So we give you an automatically generated email address that looks like it belongs to an actual person. We also automatically generate a gender for this person simply because some newsletters will ask you for the gender and then it's good to have it on file and might also allow us to do analysis based on if there is gender-based discrimination going on somewhere or if different people are getting different content. So this is why we do this. And we give this email address to you. And then you can use this email address to sign up for the newsletter. The newsletter will send the confirmation mail to us and then I get a notification to my inbox that basically tells me, look, there's a new confirmation mail, please look at it, and then I look at it, make sure that you're not trying to, I don't know, open an eBay account with our email address. And if everything is fine, I will click the confirmation link and from then on the whole process is automated.  So how does this analysis actually work? So very briefly dip into the technical details. We have a mail server. We retrieve data from the mail server using our system. We have a crawler in there. It's written in Python. And it will of course first save the database, save the email to the database and afterwards pass it to openWPM. OpenWPM is basically a Firefox that has been changed in a way that you can remote control it from Python. So you can tell it, please visit the following website and then it will log all of the requests that are happening and a lot of other stuff. Just write all of that to a database and afterwards we can just look at this database and see which requests are being generated if you open this email with remote content enabled. We then also do a second round where we randomly select a link from the email that we think is not the unsubscribed link and we click it and we see what will happen there. So this process still has a couple of minor bugs that we need to work out, but that way we can also tell if clicking a link will actually also forward you via tracking services. The results will be saved to the database and then we have a different job that basically just runs the analysis, checks what is going on and prepares the data to be displayed on the website. So I promised a live demo, so here we go. So this is our website. Let's see, okay. And I don't know, does any one of you have a newsletter that they are interested in? No one. Okay, that's awkward. So let's say, then we just start with, I don't know, the newsletter from Finanztip.de. And this is a German site that gives you advice on how to pick a good bank account and stuff like this. And you can see now that when you receive an email from them, you will establish a connection just by viewing it to YouTube, to CRSend, which belongs to some marketing automation system. You'll retrieve some data from Amazon. You will give some data to Google. This is probably just Google APIs, so they host style sheets and stuff like this. More from Google, YouTube. This is probably also a tracking service. So there's a lot going on, but just by opening this email. In the same way down here. So as I said, this is somewhat buggy, so don't trust this too much. We are working on addressing this. This currently contains quite a few false positives. If you want to know more, go to this link when you visit the email yourself, the website. And then you can also see that we look for A-B testing and third-party spam. So if we say, okay, we want to register a new email address here, just have the, I don't know, 7th identity that also receives this newsletter, then we would click here at another identity, get our automatically generated person, copy that email address, and then we can just paste it in here. Hit subscribe. And yeah, at this point, they will send a confirmation mail and sometime during this talk, my phone will probably vibrate and notify me about the new signup and then I can confirm it. So as you can see, it's actually fairly easy. If you want to sign up a service that is not yet in the system, it's also fairly easy. You will get a notification that says, look, we don't have the site yet, but you can create it here and you get to the same page we just saw. So it's all fairly straightforward to work with, I would say. Okay. So looking at the results in aggregate, you can see that from the newsletters we have in our system, which is in total 136 right now, and the 10,000 emails we analyzed so far, you can see that 112 of these 136 newsletters actually do have some sort of embedded content that is loaded when you just view the email address. This might be tracked content. It might also not be tracked. It might be that they have resources that they are loading like images that they just don't want to put into the email so that the email is smaller, but they don't track it. But yeah, all of these will establish a connection if you open them with remote content enabled. In the same way, 104 of the services have some sort of third parties involved if you click a link. Again, this is currently a bit buggy, so this is probably more like an upper bound and the real number should be a bit lower. We're going to address that over the next few days. And if you combine the two, you will see that, well, 85% of services have at least one of the two. The third parties that we are seeing most are the following here. So you can see MailChimp is an advertising and marketing automation company. Google stuff is mostly CDNs. I don't know if anyone except Google knows if these are actually being tracked or not. I mean, I don't think I ever saw any reports about them being tracked, but I mean, I also don't think that Google just hosts them out of the goodness of their heart, so I don't know. We have more marketing automation stuff. This is a German analytics company that is being used by a lot of German publishers and Amazon content distribution networks are in there, so there's a lot going on here. And yeah, all of these people do receive some sort of information, but I mean, at this point you might say, okay, well, I mean, yes, they receive information. This is not very nice, but I mean, it's not like super terrible, right? So let's get to the next part, cookie-sinking, which basically means that these companies also tend to share data between them. So this is an example from a newsletter by FastCompany.com, which is a US-based news website. And when you just open the website, when you just open the email, this is the requests that are being generated by just one of the embeds. So you see you get a link to FastCompany.com which collects an impression. It contains your plaintext email address. And then they forward you to LIADM, which belongs to Life Intent. It's an American marketing company that has a very, very nice website where they say very clearly how they violate your privacy. And they receive the MD5 hash of your email address. They also receive the SHA1 hash, and for good measure the SHA256 hash and the domain that your email address belongs to. You know, just to make sure. They forward you a bunch inside of their infrastructure and then forward you to MathTag, which is another very nice company from the States that also receives some sort of identifier about you. And they exchange identifiers. And here in the end basically, LIADM knows what identifier MathTag has about you and MathTag knows what identifier LIADM has about you and they can very easily now link their profiles about you, make sure that they can target their advertisements for you. So for example, MathTag, no, wait, Life Intent, I think, were the people that actually allow you to host banner ads inside your newsletters. So you have a newsletter, you open it, and then in the newsletter an ad will pop up that is targeted for you. So this is the kind of stuff that is going on here. So, well, you can see here that your email address is actually being disclosed. I'm looking at this in aggregate. You can see that MD5 is for some reason very much favored here. So a lot of these services tend to use MD5. If you also use URL encode, so this is actually not in any way a security measure. This just basically means they don't want your email address to break on the way. Some of them use SHA-256 or SHA-1. Some of them use Base64. So there's a lot of creative stuff going on. We're also checking if there are nesting hashes. So if they say, we take the MD5 hash of the SHA-256 hash of the uppercase version of your email address or whatever, so far we haven't found anyone doing that, but we're prepared. So this gets us to a very interesting point because these advertising companies usually argue that, well, I mean, it's a hash. I mean, hashes are not reversible, right? So this is actually a pseudonym because we can't get back to your actual identity, and that means it's now pseudonymous data, so it's not covered by GDPR. That's the argument that you usually hear from these people. So this all rests on the assumption that it is impossible to invert MD5, which, I mean, it is hard to invert MD5, but I mean, it can't be impossible since there is a company that actually tells you, hey, we'll do it for you for four cents an email. So, yeah, this whole idea of hashes being in any way a good pseudonym that is not reversible is pretty much goes out the window at this point, but even if it didn't, we still have the problem that, well, I mean, you only have a hash of your email address. What can you do with that? Well, you can go to Axiom, which is a US-based data broker, and they basically just tell you, oh, yeah, just give us an MD5 hash or SHA256 hash of the email address, and we just match it with the stuff we have on file, and then you get the whole data broker profile about a person. So at this point, I think no one needs to be convinced that this is not actually pseudonymous, because if you can invert it for four cents, I think this is not really a very good protection mechanism. So a final thing we looked at was A-B testing. So companies may send different versions of their newsletters to different people, and that way they basically want to find out, look, do we generate more clicks if we put the price in here, or do we generate more clicks if we don't tell people the price, and then they just have to click on the link to the article. And we do that by basically having multiple identities, multiple email addresses signed up for the same service, and then just comparing the emails they are receiving. Why is this interesting? Well, because it's another indicator that there's definitely analytics going on, because you don't do A-B testing and then don't track it, because that's the entire point. So if you see A-B testing somewhere, you can be absolutely sure that there's tracking going on. So this is a bit of a sanity check so far. We only found three sites that are doing this, all of them e-commerce websites, as you might expect, because they usually have something to sell you, and they are very good at figuring out how to best sell it to you. So what did we learn? In prior research, we saw that actually people are not aware that this is going on. I mean, we also saw in this room that about half the people did not raise their hand when I asked them if they had known that this was a thing before they read the talk description. So this still seems to be the case even in our community that people are not 100% aware that this is even an option. We're also lacking good defense mechanisms. So I mean, experience with online tracking has shown that asking nicely doesn't tend to work. So just tell them, please don't trick us. Yeah, not going to be effective. So the standard defense mechanism now is to just say, okay, we just use ad blocking. The problem with ad blocking is basically two-fold. First off, ad blocking doesn't work in your Thunderbird. I don't think there's any ad blocker that works under Thunderbird. I think it might be possible with a bit of work to get something like Ubrok Origin into Thunderbird, but even so, then it doesn't work in Outlook and in Apple Mail and in K9 Mail and all the apps. So you would need ad blocking and all of your email clients doesn't work. Second problem, prior research has shown that the lists that are being used by the ad blockers actually don't have very good coverage when it comes to email trackers. So I think the number was something like 70% of email tracking companies were correctly identified by existing ad blocking lists, and other 30% would keep on happily tracking you. Now, in our community, there's very often two tips that are being given. First is just don't use plaintext emails or use plaintext emails. Don't use HTML emails. If anyone has ever seen the plaintext version of a commercial newsletter, you know that at this point, you might as well just not subscribe to it. So this is really not an option if you actually are interested in receiving these newsletters. And the second tip is don't load remote content. Again, good idea in general. Also the default value in many email clients right now. But again, if you ever opened a commercial newsletter, you will see that in many cases, then you will not have images. In some cases, the entire newsletter will just be one big image. And so again, if you don't load remote content, you don't get any of the benefits you, well, you want to have when you sign up to a newsletter. So it doesn't really work. We tried in the web tracking domain. We basically did an experiment with Privacy Score where we said, let's just take all the German health insurance companies, put them, scan them with Privacy Score, put them in a list and compare them, and then start ranking them. And that way we could see which were the most privacy-friendly health insurance companies and which were the worst.  And it's about the privacy properties of your websites. What do you think? Would you be willing to make changes and all of that? And in many cases, the responses were, please go away or we will sue you. So also this is an approach we will probably try like one or two more times in different contexts and maybe also with emails. But yeah, I mean, basically privacy, just like web privacy, the privacy on emails is a bit of an unsolved problem. So in conclusion, web tracking is only part of the problem. We also need to consider email tracking. You can consider email tracking yourself by going to this domain, privacymail.info and trying it out there. You can find the source code on GitHub. It's under the GPL. If you want access to the data for research purposes or whatever, you can also write me an email yourself. You can find the slides here and under this URL down here. And the slides will also contain all of the papers I referenced. So you can find them there. And with that, thank you very much. And we have hopefully a bit of time for questions left. So where do we have questions? What about server-based filtering? So if you put it on your email server, basically with the same filter list, normal ad blockers use, could you just filter out most of the... Yeah, but then you can't receive the newsletters, maybe? Yeah, so if it's just about not receiving them, then of course you can start discarding emails that look like they are tracked. But then again, since most newsletters are tracked, that is basically equivalent to just not signing up to newsletters. And changing the URL server site to remove information is probably possible, but in many cases this will also make links break and stuff like this. So yeah, you might... You can try it, but it's probably not going to work very well. Have you tried to track them back? Like, if you get a newsletter you have not signed up for, can you somehow find out who gave them your data? Because they use the same hashes or maybe some of them even solved them? So what we're doing is we are... We're receiving all the emails that we're getting and we're checking basically is each of the emails that arrives for a specific identity, so for a specific virtual person that we created here, is it actually originating from the service that this identity is associated with? If it is not originating from that service based on the URL, the from address in the email, then I again get a notification and I take a look at it and if it turns out that this is some sort of spam, then this would also show up in the system. So you saw when we looked at the results here, you could see that down here there's a third-party spam category. So far we haven't seen any cases of third-party spam in this way, but we are prepared to show it if it happens. Another question, if I have this kind of newsletter, they are tracking links and then I have to click them so I can't really get around those links, tracking links. I can hide the images, but if I want the information behind the link, I will click it. Would there be an way or maybe like an API later where you could assign to the same newsletter on your service and have your service click the link for you and just get the result at the end you want prepared without tracking your own email address? So basically a proxy that transparency rewrites it to the final URLs for you. So if we were to receive emails and then forward them to you and change them on the way, the first thing we'll probably run into is copyright law, as always in the Internet. And I mean it would probably be possible, but usually like we've seen that in many cases, if you just copy the URL that you got in there and then you just look at things that look like identifiers and change a few numbers, they often still work. And so this might be a way to try to defend yourself, but there's really not a very foolproof way. So it might end up not working. So it's a bit of an unsolved problem. Yeah, sorry. I'm just a bit curious what your end goal with this thing is because what can you really change? You can create awareness, sure, but if I want to receive that newsletter and want to find out what's behind the link, I'll know they're tracking me, but I can't really do anything about it, can I? Yeah, I mean it's a valid point. I mean there's two answers to this. The first answer is, I mean, why are there health notices on cigarettes, right?  So I mean it's most of all, it's a case of actually, as you said, awareness. So we want people to at least be aware that this is going on. And the second point is if people are aware that this is going on, if we find cases of really abuse of these tracking powers, then we are able to tell people, look, all of these email newsletters of companies that you are using are using this terrible company that was just in the news, and then you can go to the company that sends you the newsletters and tell them, please remove these people from your newsletter and you can try to push them to improve the privacy. But of course, yeah, in the end it's a case of, I mean we're scientists at TU Darmstadt, so we have to publish papers, so of course also interested in having a large data set. So by doing this you help us do our science and generating a large corpus, and mostly it's about awareness for you and the other end users. In that case I'd like to follow up a bit because you say abuse tracking. How exactly, where do you draw the line? Because I'd argue there are legitimate users of trackers in newsletters. This is actually valuable data companies benefit from this. And if people are aware of this and are fine with this, I'd argue this can be okay. So how do you decide whether or not it's abuse and how do you show this because people are going to go on this list and see all these people are bad and they're tracking me. So this is a valid point. I mean we as the operators of Privacy Mail we are not making any value decisions here. We're just saying look this is what is going on and then you can make up your own mind. And then if you say I definitely don't want any website or any newsletter that embeds Facebook, then this is your personal decision and you can say okay then I'm not using these. In the end the argument of there are beneficial uses of tracking and it's good for the economy to slightly rephrase you and I know that's not how you meant it but so it's a slightly mean way to put it but yeah, I mean of course there are good ways to use tracking and everyone needs to decide what they are willing to deal with. I mean I personally I think that child labor was also good for the economy so at some point we decided that it was not good for society and we decided to put a step stop to it and society has to figure out if email tracking is bad or not. As we are running out of time there's no more time for more questions. I hope you have enjoyed the talk as much as I did and if so please give me a big hand for Max.


Hi and welcome to our session. Let us discuss the following question. It says a tank with a rectangular base and rectangular sides open at the top is to be constructed so that its depth is 2 meters and volume is 8 meter cube. A building of a tank costs to be 70 per square meters for the base and rupees 25 per square meter for sides. What is the cost of least expensive tank? Let us now begin with the solution. Now suppose this is the tank which is rectangular sides and rectangular base. Let x and y be the length and width of the tank and we are given in the question that its depth is 2 meters. v is the volume of the tank plus v is equal to 2xy as volume of cuboid is equal to length into width into height. Now here length and width of the tank are x and y and its depth is 2. And in the question we are given that its volume is equal to 8 meter cube. So 2xy is equal to 8. This implies xy is equal to 4 and this implies y is equal to 4 by x. Now total surface area of the tank is equal to xy plus 4x Now y is equal to 4 by x so this is equal to x into 4 by x and this is equal to 4 plus 16 by x plus 4x. Note this area by a. So a is equal to 4 plus 16 by x plus 4x. Let us name this as equation number 1. From differentiating 1 with respect to x we get ta by dx equals to minus 16 by x square plus 4. Now for maximum we will put ta by dx as 0. Now this implies minus 16 by x square plus 4 is equal to 0. This implies 4x square is equal to 16. This implies x square is equal to 4 and this implies x is equal to 2. Now y is equal to 4 by x so this is equal to 4 by 2 and this is equal to 2. This implies length and breadth and is cost of the area of the base at the rate of rupees 70 per square meter. Now this will be equal to into 70 that is 280 rupees. Now cost of area of 4 volts rupees 45 per square meter is equal to 16 into 45 and this is equal to 720 rupees. So total cost is 280 plus 720 rupees that is 1000 rupees. See that e to a by dx2 is equal to minus 16 into minus 2x by x to the power 4 and this is equal to 32 by x cube which is written as 0. So hence we can say that a is minimum breadth and height are equal to 2 meters 1000. This is a required answer. So this completes the session. Bye and take care.