Jerry of the circus couldn't have picked the worst time for it under where Jerry is you ought to be here by now Oh, he'll be long soon. I sent for him and with his curiosity. He won't be able to wait I sure hope this shower. That's up to for the night show That's pretty close too close to suit me. Hey, did you see that lightning? Yeah I don't blame my old uncle out people always crawling under the bed And I've heard that some people hide their heads during these turns personally. I wouldn't miss them for anything Yeah, well, that's one thing I just assumed to do without Say boss. Yeah, I think we'll have to put out a runway for the night show. Well, that's waiting our chief it clears up At least we're getting one break out of this thing. It's sandy ground the water pretty much runs off Yeah, if it went for that bank note coming up, I wouldn't be good this storm at all We've had pretty good luck this season Little things like a cyclone a fire and a runaway train a few things like that Hey, it was a matter of fact. I was only thinking about the rain And we've had pretty clear weather most of the time. Yeah, but this shower sure hits us bad when you consider the cash We've got to have in a day or two. Well, maybe we'll make it up for tonight Sounds like it's letting up a little bit now That must be Jerry. Come on in the door is unlocked Important for me, Mr. Randall and you got wet Jerry. No, I ran between the drop What did you want, Mr. Randall? Well, I don't know how important it is But it has all the air marks of big business. Yeah, that sounds exciting. Oh, what is it a letter from the M. O. Railroad M. O. Railroad Montana Overland Railroad Company for me. Well indirectly. It's addressed to your father Timothy Duggan Oh, I took the liberty of opening a Jerry. Sure. That's okay. I thought it might be an advertisement or something But it's a personal business letter. Yeah Well, that's funny as far as I know dad didn't have anything to do with railroads except to ride on them. Well, here you are Jerry you read it Sure looks important on the stationery Say that's funny What's funny how they find out dad own that property up there in Montana? Oh, it's easy enough to check on those things Jerry Most deeds to property are recorded. You just have to go to the county registrar's office and check the records Oh But look mr. Randall, why would a railroad be interested in what was going to be a dude ranch? Your guess is as good as mine Jerry. It's got me all they seem to want to know is if dad still owns that property Must be important or they wouldn't tell him to wire collect. Yeah someplace. It says Here it is Please notify us immediately by wire collect as time is an important factor in this deal deal All right does sound like business all right sure does All they really want to know is the address of the property owner. Look the sun's coming out Say you're right Jim. I didn't notice it to stop raining. Oh, that's fine Now if it only hold off until after the show tonight. Oh, I like the range Well, so do I but not when it hurts business. Maybe we'll make this payment yet boss I hope so but what with the strike and all the unexpected setbacks we had it doesn't look too good Gosh, I sure hate for you to have to borrow again the interest is fierce and alone like that Yeah, I sure wish there was something I could do here here Jim We shouldn't talk like this in front of Jerry. Well, don't you worry Jerry I've been in worse spots than this. Yeah, come out alive, too I can see that well, I hate to bother you about this But well, what do you think I better do about this letter mr. Randall? Well, I'll tell you what Jerry I'll wire them that your Timothy Dugan's heir and own the property and they're with the circus and they can get in touch with You here if they want to oh say thanks mr. Randall. I sure appreciate it What's going on sounds like rags and a cat I golly. It is right Hey, Rags come here.  No, I injure though. I reckon I heard him a spell back Oh, I had a swan. I heard him out here and a cat There you are right. Hey, where have you been, huh?  He's all out of breath. Where have you been Rags, huh? Maybe just came running around when he heard you call him There is a cat around here Sounded like it came from that tree over there. Well, there goes Rags Did you chase a cat up that tree? I can't see a cat up there. I can't either There's another cat Sounds like it came from the top of the wagon. There's two cats raking you up to hurt a cat. Oh, oh now I see the light. Well, you ought to know speed. Oh, why would speed know? Mr. Randall is how I was out here and the rest of you was inside the office. Yeah Yeah, did you see a fight speed? No, I was just walking along kind of slow when I come Sure, it's funny. We can't see a cat if there's one up on that tent. It certainly seemed to come from there But no, no, it's come from that tree again. Hey look at poor Rags. He doesn't know where to go He's frantic We don't want to get Rags too excited. What gets me is I can't find either of these cats either can I Ask me there's something fishy about all this here Rags now quiet. Come here There's something going on around here, and I can't quite figure it all out Okay, speed. Joey. Shall we call it a day? I reckon so, Mr. Randall sir. If you think that's no What are you talking about? Well, Jerry, it's speed stunt. You better let him tell you about it. You mean to say Say just what is all this? Maybe we're nuts Jerry First is a cat and a dog fight. We tear out of here and no cat or dog And you're calling along comes Rags and we hear cats up in the tree and on top of the tents, but no cats Well, I guess I'd better get out of this business before it's too late. I'm slipping Come on speed. You'd better break down. Well, all right, sir. You see Jerry I was brought up in the fall. Well, I guess I just took natural like animals and how I got the You've been making that meowing for sure that this now listen I heard that meowing come from that tree. No one can fool me about that So did I and from the tent top, too. You couldn't have done it speed Well, then suppose you tell me where you'd like to hear it come from now Jerry. Oh Back of Mr. Randall Say, what in the dickens all these animals doing around here? Does that satisfy you Jerry they came from in back of me all right even made me jump How can you do it send your voice around like that a ventriloquist? Well of all things and here I thought I was going back for a few minutes You sure make us well chicken. He's good Isn't he good enough to fool me the other day then you knew about it all the time? Sure, and I promised to keep it a secret so he could have some fun with you Well, it sure is a wonderful trick, isn't it right? We almost had you going in circles out pop Say this is great. He does anybody else know about a speed. No looks as how you all on my first subject Say I'd sure like to pull a trick on someone and be in on it That's not just like a boy You know sooner fall for a joke than you want to go out and try it on someone else Well, you got to kick out of watching Jim and me and rag. I certainly did Well, Jim, I'm afraid we've got work to do. Shall we let these pranksters cook up their next devilry alone? It's okay with me boss. Now. There's a cloud in the sky. Maybe we'll clean up tonight Oh, and Jerry I'll get that wire off right away to the AMO railroad Oh, thanks, Mr. Randall and I'll leave you and Jerry's hand speed, but I'm warning you tricks are all right Providing you don't do anything that'll hurt anyone or interfere with the show. Don't you worry, Mr. Randall? We'll be careful. I'm beginning to think that with all the talent. I've got around here I ought to open a portable house in the winter and keep all you folks busy He would you really do that mr. Randall? Oh, I'm afraid not Jerry's just an idea. Well, gee, it's a swell one If I'm gonna run a circus Jerry, it's an all year round job. I can't divide my interest. Well, so long Bye, sir. And thanks, mr. Randall for not letting the folks in on the job Oh, yeah, be sure and check with me in the morning Jerry. I should get a return wire, but then I'm sure you bet I'll be around this along along come on rags. Oh boy.  Speed we gotta think of a humdinger this time. What can we do? I don't know. It's like you'd be a pretty good one to feel that one out of well We might do something when all the folks are together or can't do anything during the show You know, oh, we might do something during supper then everyone's around Reckon I might be able to make a noise like a couple of mice and the table Say that you get the women but well most of the men wouldn't mind much The main trouble is that it's so noisy in there be hard to be heard above the cloud of dishes and boys Hey, I've got it. What the major the major who's he Jiminy Wilkers? Haven't you met him yet? Can't say it's how I have Jerry. He's about the most important person in the show If you counted according to the square inch, he's a midget major might swell when you get to know him But he gets so excited about things that well he'd be a natural to play a trick on he ain't Superstitious is it? I'll see he goes to Rosa Rossi all the time when things go wrong Who's this here Rosa? Roxy. Oh, she's a fortune teller. She's good too I'm beginning to get the glimmer than I did Jerry if you think this year midgets good enough sports stand well Sure, he'll blow off an awful lot of steam But how he swell when he wants to get sore thing you think you might fall for a ghost mean a sheet and everything I just a voice that comes from the ceiling of his own room. I get you I'll say that'd be a whale of an idea.  Let's do it. You will I sure swell right now rags and me We've got a job to do you don't mind. I think we'll go visit the major and we'll get together at dinner Okay, sure thing. We've seen the Jerry's long rang


Family Theater presents Frank Leahy and Jack Haley from Hollywood the Mutual Network in Cooperation with Family Theater presents Past Imperfect starring Jack Haley and now here is your host Frank Leahy Thank you, Tony LaFranco Family Theater's only purpose is to bring to everyone's attention a practice that must become an important part of our lives If we are to win peace for ourselves Peace for our families and peace for the world Family Theater urges you to pray pray together as a family And now to our transcribed drama Past Imperfect starring Jack Haley as Jim You wanted on the phone dear oh Oh, I guess I dropped off, honey. Oh just once I'd like to have you come home at night from the office without a brief case full of work I'll taper off in a few weeks But you said last month Sometimes I wish you'd never been elected president of the firm. I don't you worry feeling fine Who's calling? Oh, mr. Wilson. He says he's with the Johnson cement company. Do you know him? No, but I got a lunch at appointment with one of Johnson's big competitors tomorrow Wonder what this fellow wants. I don't know. Shall I tell him you're not here? No. No, I'll talk to him Hello Yes, this is Mr. Steele What can I do for you? Yes, I know your firm Well, I'm sorry, but I don't believe I've ever met you mr. Wilson. I knew your name is what? George Wilson From Terrenceville. What is it dear? Why? Why? Yes? I sure do remember you very very well You want to talk about what? tonight oh Oh, you'd like my company to buy some of your cement for a change. Well, that's very interesting Well, sure sure. I'd be glad to see you George about an hour Sure, come on over We'll talk about old times Of all the crust Jim, what's the matter George Wilson? George Wilson coming to me for a favor Jim. Will you stop fuming and tell me doesn't that mean anything to you? George Wilson In Terrenceville we used to call him Wendy Wilson Wendy Wendy Wilson The town skunk the biggest little bully in the county Wendy Wilson What's he doing here after all these years? He's a salesman for Johnson cement salesman Imagine that but his family was so wealthy why they owned half the town and they acted like they owned all of it Wendy Wilson The little stinker now Jim.  There's no sense in losing your temper. I'd be rich You are rich Jim.  It's silly to let a childhood grudge upset you but the nerve That's what gets me the nerve of that guy expecting me to help him Why did you ask him to come over if you don't intend to help him to tell him off? That's why I've been waiting for over 30 years for this chance.  I'll help him I'll help him out of here on the end of my foot after I tell him what I think of Jim I'm going back to the study and do a little more work If you go up to bed before Wilson gets here knock on the door so I can be listening for the bell Jim, I wish you didn't feel this way. I wouldn't if Wilson had been a different kind of guy Good night Lois Good night here Wendy Wilson Boy, wouldn't it have been a pleasure when we were kids if I knew then I was going to be a success and windy a failure What I've told him what I have told him off Things would have been different plenty different Even that day way back in sixth grade when he beat me out for the pitchers job because he owned the baseball Okay, fellas you make up your mind. What do you want to have for a pitcher me or this little runt here? Who are you calling a runt Wendy? I'm calling you a runt Jimmy Steele. Yeah.  So I'm gonna pitch. Yeah, there's no game Yeah Well, I guess if you want to be like that about it, I'm gonna be just like that about it. Okay, you guys batter up All the stinkers Boy, if he only knew that someday I'm gonna be a big deal. Then he Say wait a minute. I Know I'm gonna be a big deal Why don't I tell him? Why don't I just tell him all about it? Listen runt? I said I was gonna pitch now go chase yourself Boy, are you riding for fall Wendy? Huh? You are really a sad man. You don't know what's in store for you. What are you talking about?  You're gonna wind up coming to me for a job someday You know that a job are you nutty my old man owns the bank and half the real estate in town He's got more dough than you could count now get off the mound Yeah, ten years from now. He's gonna be broken a stock market crack.   I'm gonna win you watch I watched and Wendy lost just like I told him he would he was awful really awful But he wouldn't quit cuz it was his baseball Boy, did he take a shellackin and was I happy? On the way home, I met Lois Johnson She was the prettiest girl in the fifth grade then and I told her how Wendy had lost the game I didn't know he was going to come along and beat me up Sorry, you didn't get to pitch Jimmy. I don't care. I'm better than he is anyhow I practice the only reason he pitches cuz he owns the ball Oh, look here he comes now who Wendy see oh my gosh. I better get out of here. Are you afraid of him?   No, sir.   I dare you Okay, Wendy There why you I'm okay.   Come on get up. I'll knock it down again.  You and I are gonna be married someday married. I'll never marry a bully But Lois don't you even talk to me? Come on, Wendy. I'll help you at home Thanks This isn't the way it's supposed to be you just wait Jimmy steel I'm gonna take boxing lessons and pitching lessons and someday I'll come around and you'll be sorry That's all you know I'm gonna be present of the biggest engineering firm in the country someday.  That's all Hot air, huh? That's what he thinks I'm gonna be a big deal. That's what a big operator All I got to do is wait and let it happen Just wait and let it happen So I don't finish at the top of the class in grammar school or high school So I even have trouble getting into college. What of it? I'm gonna be a big deal Mr. Steel Yes, sir. I regret to inform you that the Dean of Engineering School feels your work is too unsatisfactory for you to continue at the University you You mean I'm being dropped. I'm afraid so but listen you can't do that Oh, I wouldn't take it so hard James after all perhaps you aren't suited to the work, but but I am I Know I'm gonna finish with honors. Oh come Mr. Steel One has to study to finish it all much less with honors You've been here for two years and you've walked the whole time But I'm going to be president of a great engineering firm someday. I've got to graduate. Oh, and what's the name of this firm the Whitcomb company Whitcomb company Never heard of them. Well, it hasn't been formed yet, but it's going to be a big outfit and I'm going to run it Well, I wish you every success mr. Steel But I suggest that before you become affiliated with an engineering firm you first become an engineer. Well, I I'm going to become one perhaps perhaps you shall but not at this University Of all the boneheads doesn't he know who I am Who I'm going to be someday. I don't get it Everything's wrong Everything's backwards Even in Terenceville when I come back and start to work in the bank that summer Everything's wrong Hello, mr. Steel Lois I didn't know you were working here. Oh, yes, George and I are saving up to be married George You you mean Wendy?  What? Hello, Jim How are things in college? Not not bad. I hear you decided to give up engineering. That's right. What about it? Not a thing Seems too bad. That's all I'm going to night school to study the same thing thought we might be able to help one another I don't need any help from you. I guess you don't at that How come you're going to night school? Your old man run out of money.  Oh, we don't mind so much. Do we honey? I kind of like it George Say what's going on here? Lois you aren't going to marry this phony. Are you I am you got any objection steel? Well, I You two can't get married Lois is going to marry me Marry you yes me.  You're a 14 carat phony Sure, my folks went broke, but I did something about it I went to work and I've got you to thank for it me.  Yeah, I should tell you I've taken those boxing lessons So what so I don't like people to call me windy. Why are you George look? I'm okay, honey.  Yeah, don't you Oh The rat knocking me down me James steel Will he be sorry? Just wait until I'm president the Whitcomb engineering company.  No, thanks, mom. I'm not hungry. No reason you should be now willers loafing around the house all day Here we go again. You bet we do now dad Jimmy explained why I left the shoe company I had no future there. Yeah, and you didn't have much of a past either I'd like to see you just once hang on to a job two weeks run. I stayed almost six months with the department store It was five years ago So what's the matter with you most men your age is settled down married got a good job I'll settle down when the right opportunity comes along Jimmy's just looking around for something with a future looking around You mean daydreaming it isn't daydreaming you wait and see now Don't start in on the Whitcomb engineering company again.  There isn't any such company There is there's gotta be Jimmy, please. I tell you I know there is mom Well, what if there was you're no engineer? You had a chance to be one, but you loathed it away. It doesn't matter I'm gonna run the place someday. I've heard enough of this nonsense I knew you were lazy, but I didn't think you were addled. You see how addled I am. No, I won't I've seen too much already Dad, what are you saying? I'm saying Jim's on his own. We've put up with this long enough Willis. It's all right, mom I don't want to stay where I'm not wanted Willis. He's your son.  Yeah Well, if you're gonna be like that about it, I'm gonna be just like that about it now get out Of all the stinkers my own dad But this isn't the way it's supposed to be I'm supposed to be married to Lois And an up-and-coming executive with the Whitcomb engineering company But I don't even know where the Whitcomb engineering company is Maybe Maybe if I could find it Maybe if I just looked and looked And looked you wanted to see me mr. Winters. Yeah still sit down Is anything wrong, sir? Well, perhaps that's something you can clear up when we hired you as a salesman You gave very good out-of-town references. Yes, sir among them the Bradley towel company in Cincinnati That's true, sir But the Edgemont roofing company in Long Island. Yes, sir. However, they will not insurance company in Kansas City Well, I I have worked for each of them. That's true as this employee investigation report certifies Well, then what are you at according to the report you grossly misrepresented both your income and job tenure with each of these firms That's not true. Your signed application says that you work for Bradley towel for almost three years at a weekly salary of $200 Now look here mr. Winters. You said on your application that you worked there from 1940 to 1944 well, it wasn't quite that long you've jumped around this country from job-to-job for almost 20 years What's the matter with you? What are you looking for? I? I'm looking for the Whitcomb engineering company never heard of there a big outfit. I know they are There's no such company in this town. They've got to be somewhere. What good would you be in an engineering firm? You're no engineer. I'll take lessons. I'll practice you wait and see.   Are you calling a run?  Steel is not a little runt mr.  Yeah cement Johnson cement. It's connected in New York Connected in New York Johnson cement That's the place That's where the Whitcomb engineering company must be. I know I'll get a job with the Johnson cement company. They're a big outfit And then I'll sell the Whitcomb engineering company a whole carload of cement and they'll hire me Someday I'll be president Whitcomb engineering Whitcomb engineering. Thank you Excuse me. Uh, do you want some cement Johnson cement? No, thank you call back later when he's in When who's in mr. George? Wendy Wilson president of the Whitcomb engineering company. He buys all the cement we need Wendy Wilson, that's right Why mom don't you recognize me? No, what are you looking around for something with the future? I'm looking for the Whitcomb engineering company and this is it. It's got to be jimmy. Please. I know it is I'm gonna run this place someday. Wendy Wilson buys all this cement. I'm sorry. Is he in Is mr. Wendy Wilson the little stinker in no, but here's his briefcase He takes it home every night since he's been elected president of the company But tonight he left it behind why did he do that mom? Well, he promised Lois that just one night he'd come home from the office without his briefcase But I don't want his briefcase. Why are you giving it to me? Because this is the right opportunity and you don't want to stay where you're not wanted It take the briefcase and bring it out to Wendy's house. I can't Why don't I wait till i'm a big deal? I always knew you were lazy, but I never knew you were a big deal Mom, where's dad? I'm right here fixing the switchboard. It's a steady job. It's something you can settle down to Well, how long you've been fixing it all my life, son. It's the only job I've ever had. I've really settled down That's what you ought to do. I'm going to dad. I'm only 45 years old and I'm ready to settle down great Isn't that great mom great well us Whitcomb engineering Whitcomb engineering I'm going to sell this bag of cement dad. I'm going to sell every bit of it Well, if you're going to be like that about it, I'm going to be just like that about it. Whitcomb engineering. Thank you, windy Was that windy the little rat on the phone mom? Yes, and he's waiting for you waiting for his briefcase and your bag of cement You better get started But but where is he in his big rich home with lois five miles through the cold and snow? What's the address mom? It doesn't matter. I always knew you were lazy son. You wait and see what direction mom Any direction dear just as long as it's five miles and don't forget your cement bag It's it's all wrong Five miles And what's mom doing working for the Whitcomb engineering company?  I knew he was a sucker for right cross. I knew his dad would go broke in the crash I knew everything that would happen to him But he didn't it didn't do any good. He's a president of the Whitcomb engineering company Look at that doorbell gold a golden doorbell windy wilson's golden doorbell the little rat Well, it's too late to turn back now. This is the only thing I can do that's got a future. I'll ring it What a doorbell Or if I just hadn't beaten him up that day What a bum windy wilson be So poor That's why I made my mistake.  It's george wilson dear. He's come to see you windy windy He's just arrived. Please be nice to him jim. Oh, where's my cement jim dear wake up. I'm awake the little stinker Are you all right dear? Yeah, yeah, honey. I I guess I was dreaming Uh, is windy wilson really here to see me? Yes, but I wouldn't call him windy dear if I were you I'm sure he doesn't like it. Oh, you wouldn't hey Jim, what's the matter?  Darling get hold of yourself. You're still asleep Oh, no, honey. I I just had kind of a nightmare. Oh, you've been working too hard Oh, I haven't I You wouldn't marry windy would you Darling, of course not. I'm married to you.  You'd still marry me jim. Are you still asleep? No, no, I just wanted to be sure this was real It's very real And jim. Yeah before use windy. I mean george. Yes Well, how happy we've been I mean Well, you can't get any real satisfaction out of hurting someone who goes back so far in our lives hurt him windy Jim, what's the matter? Windy wilson, you asked me not to hurt him jim. Dear, please don't say anything. You'll be sorry for don't you worry Mr. Wilson Do you remember me jim sure windy? I remember you Well, I was hoping you would I remember the day in sixth grade when you wouldn't let me pitch because you owned the baseball Yeah, that was Well, that was a long time ago. Yep, but I remember it and I remember the same afternoon when you beat me up in front of los I guess I was a real bully in those days. That's what you were windy Now you want to sell me some cement? Well, I uh It's a good line. It's good cement jim I wouldn't care how good it was You wouldn't Nope Because good or bad I'd buy it anyhow windy You mean that sure I do It's the only way I have of thanking you thanking me. That's right For what beating me up that day and all those other days I don't understand jim. I guess I shouldn't expect you to windy It's something I didn't even understand myself until just a little while ago when I had a chance to To sleep on it This is frankly he again I suppose it's only natural at being a football coach or rather an ex football coach I'd be mighty conscious of how important team play can be in any endeavor Very few of us can accomplish even the simplest tasks single-handed We need help in football There is no such thing as a one-man team just as in music There is no such thing as a one-man orchestra And even though teams and orchestras may have their stars The stars always look or sound a lot better when the rest of the organization is playing with them It's that way with families too Every member has to work together play together and not incidentally pray together Because a family like a team is a unit and the closer the members of that unit can draw together through a common dependence Upon god the father of them all more certain they can be of his help and guidance That's what family theater means when it reminds us each that the family that prays together stays together More things are wrought by prayer than this world dreams of From hollywood family theater has brought you transcribed past imperfect starring jack hailey Frankly, he was your host others in our cast were gale bunny virginia greg Howard culver herb butterfield and davion The script was written and directed for family theater by john t kelly with music composed and conducted by harry zimmerman This series of family theater broadcasts is made possible by the thousands of you who feel the need for this type of program By the mutual network, which has responded that need and by the hundreds of stars of stage screen and radio Who give so unselfish leave their time and talent to appear on our family theater stage to them and to you our humble thanks This is tony lofrano expressing the wish of family theater That the blessing of god may be upon you and your home and inviting you to be with us next week when family theater will present The door starring cameron mitchell join us won't you? Family theater has broadcast throughout the world and originates in the hollywood studios of the world's largest network This is the mutual broadcasting system


Check it out folks. Your boy AB got you all. Listen, you want to know how to make a juicy chicken or even a turkey? Let's get it. Now, I want you guys to pay attention right here. Look at my board right here. Oh, I got to put this over here. If I put this right here, this is all you need. Let's get it. Okay, so look, I'm going to keep it, look, real simple, right? I just got my Pyrex. I got four cups of, you know, water, right? So I just add that first. You don't need all of the water like I used to put in there. You know what I mean? We just going to start with our base right now, get everything melted. You know what I mean? So next thing we're going to do is add our one cup of kosher salt. Right? Now I'm going to start and I want to add my brown sugar. Hey, just as a little tip, if you guys can pick yourself up one of these, I'll put this down in the description box below so you guys can find out, you know, where to pick one of these up at. But look, this keeps your sugars and everything from clumping. You see how soft and moist that is? Soak this in water. After you're done with that, shake it off, drop it in. It'll keep everything, you know, hydrated. Even bring back your hard brown sugar. Now, I'm going to go with one cup. It's okay if it's heaping. That's good too. Don't forget, the full printable recipe is on my website. That's smokingthegrillingwithab.com and that's W-I-T-A-B.com. Hey, with that being said, let me get me something to, you know, mix this up with, right? I'll just give it a little stir. I got it on high underneath, you know what I mean, because we want to go ahead and, you know, get this to dissolve, right? After that, then we just got a few more ingredients to add and then I'll show you what we're going to do next. So what I did was I added just a couple of more cups of water in here because we just want to get, you know, our salt and we want to get our sugar to dissolve, right? Meanwhile, I'm still on, you know, I'm still on a high heat. I'm going to go ahead and add some cinnamon. I'm going to just add two sticks to it. About a tablespoon of black, you know, peppercorns, right? Well, it's okay. We're doing this for the flavor too, folks, but it's the chemistry behind the salt being cold and, you know, putting it in the refrigerator and, you know, letting it just, you know, soak so that the salt can go in, take the moisture out, then it infuses it back over time, right? So I think that would be a great time for me to talk about we probably want to do this for a minimum of about 12 hours, you know, over, you know, 12 hours, 12 to 14 hours is great, you know, for this. Now, look, for that little bit of that smoky, rich flavor, you know what, we're going to go with the smoked paprika, right? And I'm looking at this. I don't know why I got it.  Now we want to let everything blend. Now, I think I did some debates in my house about this right here, about should I smash these because I'm getting ready to put these in there, right? You know, I like to take the knife and I was doing that, but believe me, when you put this in here and it's hot and it's boiling, it's going to open up and release its flavors too. So if you guys want to go ahead and do that, I'm just giving you the tips, you're still going to get the same thing, the same results. Look at this color. And I got to let you know too, just the aromatic that comes up off of this. Wait till it start boiling. Okay, folks, look, I want to bring a little bit of awareness of this because sometimes we always buy these like we'll buy rosemary, thyme, sage, things like that, you know, separately, right? But look, while I was looking, I ran across this. I got the poultry blend. You know what I mean? It's got all of it in there. So just go ahead and drop it in, bring it back to a boil. Okay, so this is what you want to do. I'm going to let this go for maybe about like 10 minutes or whatever. I just want to extract all of the flavors to get everything to marinate, you know, marry together. Let me go in and just bring this down just a little bit. Then of course we've got a top, right? So I'm going to put this on top. Like I said, 10 minutes, then I'll show you the last step. Okay, so here we go. Look at this. This is nice.  But it give you that summer time, that cook out. This right here is it right here. So turn everything off. We're going to let it sit like that. Now I'm going to come over here where I'm going to add some ice to it. What I'm going to do is add some ice, a little water to it as we want to cool it down. We don't want to put our chicken inside of this and we don't want to cook it, right? So we want it to be cold. So I'm going to go ahead just bring this here. I just took my regular ice right out of the refrigerator and I'm going to go ahead and you can let it cool, you know a little bit more than this, but I got enough ice to get this down. So just start adding it now. Okay, so here's my bird, right? So I'm going to go ahead and just set it inside, let it fill up the back so it doesn't fill up, right? Let me let it rest. Let me go ahead and take these off. You want to be careful here because it's going to kind of like fill up the whole thing, right? So I'm probably going to do this because actually my Dutch oven is not quite big enough, right? And we can only put so much in here, right? We'll do it like this. I'll probably do this a little later on, about halfway through. Maybe this evening what I'll do is I'll take it and just, you know, turn them over. Super simple. Now I'm going to put this lid on the top. I'm going to put this inside of the refrigerator and then you know what? When it comes out, we're going to pat it dry and then listen, here's the beauty of it. You guys can do it any type of way you want to. You can do it, you know, once you take it out, you pat it dry, you still want to hit it with a little seasoning, right? So if you want to put it in the oven, that's okay. You want to do it outside on your smoker, that's okay. Or if you got any other method, like sometime you might even just want to just do the rotisserie thing. But however you do it, I promise you, this is the one for you. Okay, so listen, don't forget, you guys got multiple ways of doing it. We got a seasoning. I don't care how you do it, rotisserie, smoke, or in the oven. Either way, this is going to guarantee that you have a juicy, flavorful chicken. And with that being said, you know what? It's to the refrigerator and I'll see you when I go ahead and make it.


Ruth Hussie and Regis Toomey from Hollywood the Mutual Network in Cooperation with Family Theatre presents Vacation for Mom starring Ruth Hussie. To introduce the drama, here is your host, Regis Toomey. Thank you Tony LaFranco. Family Theatre's only purpose is to bring to everyone's attention a practice that must become an important part of our lives. If we are to win peace, peace for ourselves, peace for our families, and peace for the world, Family Theatre urges you to pray. Pray together as a family. And now to our drama, Vacation for Mom starring Ruth Hussie as Mom. Come start. Soon as your dad gets here, careful now don't slam the door. I've got two special cakes in the oven. Oh boy, whose birthday? Nobody's. The cakes aren't for us. Now scoot, Jerry, and get washed for lunch. Here comes your dad. Oh, this heat. And it's even worse in town. Lucky my vacation starts next week. That's one good thing about taking it late in the summer. You get away during the really hot weather. Mmm, something smells good. I'll bet there's a cake in the oven. Two of them. But they're for the community club picnic. Maybe I can bake one for us this afternoon. That's what comes of winning that prize at the PTA banquet. Your cakes are famous. Yes, a kitchen celebrity. Sit down, I'll call the children. Jerry, Marge, lunch is ready. Hi, Dad. Mom, I meant to help with lunch, but Jean called me up about the girls camp she's going to. Well, I could have used your help, but it's all right. Jerry, break your bread in half before you butter it. Why?  We still break it in half. Save those outdoor manners till we get up to Uncle Billy's. Are we going there again on our vacation? Of course we always do. Well, lucky Uncle Billy has that extra cabin on his place. Well, yeah, but I'd rather go somewhere else, like that boys camp where Pete goes. If Jerry goes there, I get to go to the girls camp with Jean. She says it's out of this world. Well, that's what I'll have to stay. This year, at least. I wouldn't have minded to change myself, like going with Charlie on that fishing trip. Stephen. Oh, don't worry, the bank roll won't stand it. Next year, though, the car will be paid for. Then maybe we can all take the kind of vacations we want. And here I thought you liked going up, Uncle Billy's, as much as I did. Why, our being together was the best part of it. I'd feel lost if... I'll get it. Probably the girls calling about our date at the plunge this afternoon. Hello? Who? Oh, oh, of course. Just a moment, please. For me? No, it's for Mom. And it's a newspaper, the Daily Press. What? Hello? Why, yes, but... Oh, but I'm not a professional baker. Oh, I see. Why, yes, I'd like to. Oh, I doubt if I'll be that lucky, but it'll be fun trying. Oh, thank you for inviting me. Goodbye. What do they want? Oh, somebody told them about my cake winning the PTA prize. And now they want me to enter their baking contest. I've read about that. And the prizes, dishes, furniture, free vacations, electric mixers. Hmm, I could use an electric mixer. Oh, but where'll I find time to bake a cake that'll win? Well, take time. What have you got to do that's more important? Well, for one thing, I've got to start getting things ready together for our vacation. Well, the three of us can give you a hand on that, can't we, kids? Of course, for a contest. Yeah, well, why, they might even put your picture in the paper. Well, I've got my own rooting section. All right, if you'll all help. You could start now, Stephen, by bringing in those boxes from the garage. Oh, remind me later, will you, Helen? I told Charlie I'd stop by and see his new fishing gear this afternoon. Say, it's after one. He'll be gone if I don't hurry. Bye, honey. Come on, children. Finish your lunch. If I'm going to have a cake ready for the contest and get ready for vacation too, well, we'll have to rush. Well, I'm all done. Hey, there's Pete. We're going to play ball this afternoon, and I'm pitching. Come on, Pete. But you were going to help. Jerry! It's no use. They're halfway down the block. I guess he didn't hear you. My volunteer's a deserting. Oh, well, the two of us can do it. If you'll start getting our old clothes together, the ones we wear at Uncle Billy's. You mean now? But, Mom, all the girls are going to the plunge. We plan it for days. But, Marge, there's a lot to do. Someone has to help. I will, but not this afternoon. We're going to have races, and I'm on the relay team. Please, Mom. And I can remember when everyone wanted to help when we were going to the cabin. All right, run along if it's that important. Thanks, Mom. It's too wonderful a day to stay inside, especially during vacation. Maybe I should look up the exact meaning of that word, vacation. Uncle Billy! Hi, kids. Hi, Uncle Billy. Just dropped by to see if you folks want the cabin, as usual. Yes. Right there. Want the cabin, huh? Well, don't know whether I'm doing your favor, not shape the cabins in. Oh, that part of it doesn't matter. It makes you seem more like a vacation. Maybe. But there ain't any fun for Helen cooking meals and them beat up pots and pans, and no stove that ain't fit to boil water on. Oh, Mom doesn't care. Makes it kind of like camping out. Well, for the rest of you, maybe. But it makes it plain tough for her, especially with all you're getting up at different times or on different breakfasts. Oh, that's a new family tradition.  Sounds great, except for the cook. That reminds me, where is Helen? I think she's still in the kitchen. She's making a special cake for a contest. Well, I'll have to have a look at that. Don't see how she can beat her regular cake. I'll see you later. OK. And say, tell Helen we haven't forgotten those things we promised to do. We'll tend to them later. Where do you want this box? Just set it there. Thanks, Uncle Billy. Glad to help. Was it just my imagination that has the rest of the family saw the lost interest in coming up to the cabinet? No, it's just that... Oh, I don't know what it is. I guess I haven't done a very good job. Good job from the looks of this cake you got ready here. You've got a fine job. If that fair... Yeah, well, if that fair is fair contest, you will be the winner. Well, I don't mean the cake. It's, well, Steve and the children. We used to have such fun doing things together as a family, but, you know, something's happened. Yeah, I've been noticing things the last couple of summers up the cabin. Them ordering fancy meals and you cooking them and nothing to work with. There are three starboarders and you are doing their work. And it's your fault. Instead of sharing things, you've got them used to taking things. I guess you're right. But I... Now I can't suddenly change. No, why not? You might stop taking it for granted and pitch in with being a family again. In fact, that idea of separate vacations, you said Steve was talking about that. Oh, no, we can't afford it. But you're right. Things have to change and you watch. I'm going to change them. What's Mom got for dinner? Nothing yet. She's still down at the baking contest. I hope she wins. Yes. With an electric mixer, think of all the swell things she can make with whipped cream and... I'm sorry, I'm late. Oh, champions aren't supposed to hurry. Come on, show us the electric mixer. I didn't win one. Well, that's a jib. How about your cake was the best? Well, anyway, we can have it for dessert tonight, huh, Mom? Well, sorry, they kept all the cakes there. But never mind. Marge can fix us a custard for dessert, the kind she learned to make in her cooking class. But I'm supposed to call Jean at 6.30. She'll be home all evening. Jerry, you can help too. Peel about six medium-sized potatoes. Oh, and Stephen, if you want to try that barbecue special, of course. Oh, I can't. I've got all these fishing flies laid out. Just leave them on the table. We'll eat on the porch anyway. And then you can finish them tonight while I'm packing my good clothes. Good clothes? To wear at Uncle Billy's? Oh, I won't be going to Uncle Billy's with you. I probably will choose some lake resort or maybe a big hotel. Helen, what in the world are you talking about? Didn't you all say my cake would be the best? Well, you said you didn't win. I said I didn't win a mixer. That isn't what they gave the top winners. The top winners? Yes, I won second prize. An expense-free vacation. Well, I think that's... For myself. Well, aren't you going to say anything? I thought you'd all be tickled that I won. Well, sure. Congratulations. Yes. But where are you going? Anywhere I want. I just pick the place and they pay the bills. $200 worth. $200? For just two weeks? Well, good places cost money. Just think. Breakfast in bed, people waiting on me, tiles, swimming pools, a vacation without having to cook on a broken down stove with battered old pots. Two weeks of idle luxury. Maybe we should have learned how to bake. $200. That'd pay for all our vacations. Oh, you'll have a good time up there. You always do. Yeah, but that's when you were there. Gosh, things sure changed all of a sudden. You know, I was just thinking the same thing. Well, I didn't expect you in back in town so soon. The tractor broke down again. Anyway, I wanted to see you about what happened. Good for you. I admire your gumption. I'm not sure I admire it. I don't want to spoil their whole vacation. They'll have so much to do up there. Yep, all the things they used to let you do by yourself. Now, stop worrying. You'll spoil your own vacation. Well, it will be spoiled if I know they're not having a good time. I wish there was money for their separate vacations, too. Maybe if I sold that bracelet, Grandma... Now, look here. Them getting by on their own is just what the doctor ordered. Ain't gonna help none if they know you'll still spoon-feed them. You're right. Not if they know.  Now, don't worry. I'm not. Instead, I'm going to see if they're willing to give up something. Why is everyone sitting out here looking so glum? Oh, we were just talking about vacation. We can't seem to work up much enthusiasm about it. He means our vacation. Well, how about changing your plans? Like going to the camps you and Jerry were talking about. And, Steve, you could take that fishing trip of yours. Wonderful. I don't have any money. Now, look, Helen, we shouldn't be worrying you about it. Oh, I'm not worrying. But I wouldn't even want to go on my trip if I knew the rest of you weren't enjoying yourselves. Oh, it'll work out some way. But those other trips are out. We agreed not to go into debt for luxuries. We didn't say anything about trading luxuries. Yeah. All we need are some luxuries to trade. Some people would consider your outboard motor a luxury. And Marge's radio and record player and Jerry's drums. But my radio was a present. So are my drums. I like them better than anything I got. It was just a thought. This is the time of year when things like that sell the best. You'd probably get enough to pay for the kind of vacations you want. Cheapers. Then I could go to camp with Jean. Yeah, and I could go with Pete. Holy, oh, gosh, my drums. Well, whichever's the most important. How about you, Stephen? The fishing trip or the outboard motor? Madam, you are heartlessly discussing my life's pride and joy. What else could you sell? Oh, you'd enjoy going with Charlie. I know, the trip of a lifetime. But selling that outboard, my one cherished possession. Well, if any of you decide, we can put an ad in the paper. It's up to you. No, I'm sorry, everything's gone already. Oh, thank you for calling. Goodbye. You mean my outboard's gone? Everything. A man came by about an hour after the paper came out and took the whole works. My drums, too. But cheer up. Now you can go to camp. Yeah. Oh, boy, little Pete here's wee. For me, too, Jerry. Oh, boy, Charlie and me up there in those mountains pulling out trout this long. It's worth the outboard. With my radio, too. Gene and I in that girl's camp. Ah, now I feel better. You're right. It's worth everything. Won't it seem strange, Steve? None of us seeing each other for two weeks. Hmm, probably good for us. I'd like to know how these fishing lines get so tangled up. Will you sort of think of me once in a while? Yes, of course. Is there any of you got a minute? Well, I have to start getting my things together. Why? Well, you're so good at untangling these lines and I've got to get busy wrapping these rods. Steven, it would take me an hour. Remember, I have to get ready, too. Sure, but you can whip through this and nothing flat. Here, it goes on this reel when you get it untangled. I'll be out and back. Steve, wait. I haven't timed it. Oh, I ought to tie more knots in it. Mom, here are the name tapes for my clothes at camp. If you fix them this afternoon, I can pack when I get back from the pond. Now, wait. What's wrong with you sewing them on? But I can't get them neat unless I take hours. All right, take hours. After all, it's your vacation. But you're so much faster. Please, Mom. No, Marge, if you want them sewed, you'll have to sew them. Oh, Mom, did you find my scout knife yet? Jerry, I told you to look out and back where you had it last.  Jerry Adams, and you too, Marge. This has gone just about far enough. Now, for the last time I've... Could you let that line go just a minute and give me a handout back? Just hold the rod while I... No, I won't hold the rod. And I won't sew name tapes. And I won't hunt for jackknives. I'm through. You've all got the same slogan. Let Mom do it. But... Well, from now on, Mom's doing things for herself. I'm starting my vacation today. Today? But you won't have time to... I'll find time. Uncle Billy's in town with his truck, and he can take my things down. Now, wait a minute. You haven't even told us where you're going. I was interested enough to ask. And now I'm glad you weren't. This time you're really going to be on your own. I didn't think I'd ever want to get completely away from my family. But finally, I do. Helen, you don't really mean that. I do too.  All of you. Helen. Gee, Mom's supposed to like us. And she doesn't. She likes us, Jerry. You wait. When she comes back from her vacation, everything's going to be the same. Oh, no. Things aren't ever going to be the same. We're going to see to that. Yep, oh, you're going to... Well, first I want to stop at that little baggage place on Broadway. I have to pick up some things. I thought you'd need more than one bag, the kind of place you'd be staying at. Yeah. What did you find it aside on? Well, I... I didn't exactly pick any place. I... I wasn't going to leave till Monday. But suddenly, I couldn't stand it another minute. But you've got to make reservations and things. Maybe you better let me take you back. No, please. I'll go out to your place. Then get a fresh start from there, huh? Fine, your Auntie May will be glad to see you. You two didn't have much chance to visit on the last few times you was up there. No, I didn't have a chance to do anything. I was too busy being Mom. What a wonderful morning. It always is up here. Feel a little better than yesterday, huh? In a way. In another way, I feel worse. I'm not very proud of the way I acted yesterday, being a martyr. Well, you had a reason. Not for the act I put on. Feeling so sorry for myself. And why? Because my family depends on me. I want them to depend on me. That's part of being a family. Yeah, but it ought to work both ways. It was my fault it didn't. Now it probably never will. I wouldn't say that. Time all your vacations are over. I think it's a way back to normal. No, now they'll feel guilty. Instead of bringing us together, I've put us farther apart. I guess I... They will. Look down by the cabin. Somebody's there. A picnic is probably... You think they'd ask permission. We'd better go and see. But Uncle Billy, look. It's our car. And there's Marge. Oh, I might have known. Well, the way I acted, they... They've decided to stay together. As long as I wasn't going to be there. Now you're imagining things. You wait. They'll be tickled to see you. Yes, sir. Marge! Hey, Marge! Hi, Uncle Billy. I bet you're surprised. Mom. You weren't supposed to be here. Hi, Uncle Billy. Oh, Mom. You said you were going somewhere else. Don't worry, son. I am going. I don't want to spoil things any more than I have. Here comes Dad. Hey, Dad. Mom's here. That changes everything. Helen, what happened? We thought you'd be on your way to wherever you were going. I will be. As soon as Uncle Billy can drive me back to town. Please, Uncle Billy, if you've got the time. Just a minute here. He must have come to a pretty pass when the family ain't glad to see each other. Well, it isn't that. It's just that... Never mind, Steve. You don't have to explain. I think I understand. And I don't blame you.  Hey, where do you want the stove put? Stove? Gosh, there goes the whole surprise. You weren't supposed to find out till after your vacation. Find out? Yep. A secret. That's why I kind of threw a seeing you here. You mean the stove is... Oh, Steven, it looks wonderful. Oh, now I do feel guilty. We weren't going to spend any more money for vacations. Don't worry. It's all paid for. In fact, we even got a set of cooking utensils with it. Yeah, our camp money was just enough to pay for every camp money. Oh, Steven, no. You didn't all give up your vacations. No. No, we traded them. Remember what you said about luxuries? Choosing the one that meant the most? But this was to help me. Oh, gosh, Mom, that's what meant the most. Oh, Jerry, Mom, you're crying. We thought you'd like it. Like it? Like knowing that I have the nicest family in all the world, giving up the things they want for a selfish, complaining woman? Now, now, now, you're talking about the woman we love. Now, this stove and the dishes are only part of it. The kids and I have agreed on a lot of things. Just wait till you get back from your vacation. Well, Steve, I'm not going on a vacation. Not going? No, well, you see, I mean... Wait a minute, Rick, and maybe I can explain. What about the things you sold when you were planning on them special vacations? Well, we decided it was worth it. And then we suddenly decided buying the stove was even more important. Sure. So Mom would know how much we liked her. And you still think it was worth losing them things for keeps, eh? Of course. It's the cheapest. Look at everything she's done for us. That's all I wanted to hear. Come on, I got something to show you in the back of my truck. Uncle Billy, how'd you find out? I was going to... I know you was going to keep it a secret till after the vacations. But I got to snooping in them boxes. Boxes she had stored at a baggage place. Here, Jerry, climb up there and open that big one up there. My drums. And March is your record player in radio. And Dad's outboard. But Helen, you said you sold them. No, I said somebody came and got them. And that was the truth. The baggage man. They said I could have the money instead of a trip and it was enough for your vacations. Mom, you gave up that wonderful vacation? No, I traded it for something that meant more to me just as you did for the stove, creating things that meant a lot for you. Gosh, not as much as you meant. Oh, Jerry. Oh, Steve. Here, now, no tears. We all wound up with just what we wanted.  A family really together. This is Regis Toomey again. You've heard it said many times on this program that more things are wrought by prayer than this world dreams of. And that's very true. We shall never know how many things come about because of prayer. When every power on earth has failed, God can help us. But it's not only one prayer. It's a continued prayer that counts. It's the continued lifting of our mind and heart to God. That's being prayerful. When you come right down to it, there's no family so self-sufficient that it can't get along without the help of God. And remember, don't pray only when you're up against it. When there are heart aches and sickness and trouble. But pray when things are going your way too. Thank God for each and every blessing, for the happiness you have as a family, for the love and companionship of your family. Remember, a family that prays together stays together.  From Hollywood Family Theater has brought you Vacation for Mom, starring Ruth Hussie. Regis Toomey was your host. Others in our cast were John Stevenson, Leo Cleary, Jeanine Rousse, and Jeffrey Silver. The script was written by Ralph Hunter with music composed and conducted by Harry Zimmerman and was directed for Family Theater by Joseph F. Mansfield. This is Tony Lafranco expressing the wish of Family Theater that the blessing of God may be upon you and your home and inviting you to be with us next week when Family Theater will present Just For Tonight starring Loretta Young and Mala Powers. Join us, won't you? This is the Mutual Broadcasting System.


and welcome to the next lecture in the course on Introduction to Computer and Network Performance Analysis using queuing systems. I am Professor Varshaapte, I am a faculty member in the department of Computer Science and Engineering at IIT Bombay and today we will be talking about introduction to queuing systems. So, quick recall of how we ended the last lecture, we were talking about the various ways that performance analysis of computing systems can be done or networks. One was measuring, then we talked about simulation and we said that analytical methods which is basically mathematical methods with pen and paper and just reasoning are the ones that are the focus of this that give most insights, require a little bit of expertise, the kind that you will learn in this course, but it will give you quick answers. And as opposed to that measuring is of course very flexible, you can create any scenario in it, but it is costly, it can also be more realistic, whereas mathematical models are, can be need some assumptions that sometimes are not realistic. Again continuing the recall that we went through this table which had specific metrics and parameters that were specific to these resource resources, CPU, cellular channels, web server threads, wireless mediums. These were specific to these resources, but we found that in a fundamental level they were all very similar, this is what we went through in the last lecture. And the main insight was that everything seems similar like there is a jobs per second here and calls carried per second, then is not a generalized model possible. And that is what brings us to a our next focus which is queuing systems which is precisely that it is a universal mathematical model that represents any resource and user pair that we, the kind that we discussed in the last couple of lectures in a generic way. We will use general terminology, but it can represent everything that we showed in the previous table. So, let us start with how does one describe a queuing system, what does it consist of? I will go through some standard parameters and description and first thing I am going to talk about something called open queuing system. And what is that? That is the following, this is how we generalize the model. First of all, let us assume just one server, one resource. So, let us say like one CPU or one printer, something like that. We show that by a circle like this, this is the resource. Then we show a queue for it in this way. And in the terminology of queuing systems, we call this a server. We can call this maybe queue or buffer, sometimes it is called waiting room. So, this is a server, this is the queue and then we show an arrow like this to show arrivals. And the most general word that we use for these things that come here, we call these customers. So, this is customer, this is server, this is the queue and that is what basically describes queuing system. We will go into more details. If there are more servers, so let us say there are four CPUs or two network links, let us say two network links, how do we show them? We show them by having two circles. So, we can have something like this, that is it. We also show departures like this, there is an arrow. Of course, whatever comes in gets a service and leaves. So, these are departures. You can show this here also. And if there are many, suppose it was not just two, but there are many servers, it is hard to actually draw them on this. Suppose there are, it is like a 64 core CPU. How are you going to show it? You just do a dotted line here. We can write like 1 here and 64 here, something like that we can do. So, this is basically the standard way something called an open queuing system is shown. Now, what do we mean open? We mean that there is this server system and there are these external arrivals to it. That means customers come to the system from somewhere and they can also depart from it. So, there is departing outside of the system. So, if we think of it that this is actually, this is the server system, then requests are coming from it to it from outside and also leaving the system that is why it is considered open. So, we will also of course, learn what closed means soon, but this is open. So, now, what are the ways, what are the things that we cannot just draw a picture and be happy? There were so many things we discussed that I will describe the resources, the parameters and the metrics. So, right now since we are talking about the parameters, let us go ahead with that. So, for the server side, we will first talk about the number. We can have the number. How many resources do we have? How many servers do we have in the queuing system terminology? Then we talk about what is the service time. Now, this is a very specific terminology. It means how long time for which the resource is exclusively held by the customer. So, this is very you have to really remember this terminology service time. It includes only the time that the customer is actually using the server. So, if this is a web server, let us say these are threads of a web server, then this is the amount of time that an HTTP request is actually holding that thread. If it is a CPU, then it is the amount of time that a thread is actually executing in the CPU. So, there is a service time and service time is described how we have an average for it. We can also have the probability distribution for it. We can have the probability distribution for it. And once you have the probability distribution, actually that is the most detailed description you can get of a service time. So, that is about the servers. Then we have, what about the customer arrivals? It is very similar. What we have here is we have, we know that many customers are going to come here. And the customer arrivals are described by inter-arrival time distribution. Again by distribution, I mean probability distribution. So, this is described by an inter-arrival time distribution. And that is it. That can also, once you have the distribution, then you can have the average inter-arrival time. And the reciprocals of these become rates. So, then you can actually also describe this by an arrival rate. And you can also describe the service speed by a service rate. Just 1 divided by the average inter-arrival time is the arrival rate and 1 divided by the average service time is the service rate. Then a very important parameter is also what is the size of this buffer. So, size of the buffer is an important thing. So, size, sometimes if it is very large, we actually assume that it is infinite. Now, infinite there is not really any such a thing in reality as an infinite buffer. It is just that if it is so large that it is okay to assume that it is infinite for the reasoning part, then we just consider it as infinite. So, we have the number of servers, the service rate, the queue size, the arrival rate. And the last but not the least is you cannot analyze a queuing system unless you know what is the, I will write it in another color, scheduling policy. That means if on arrival, this server is busy or all these servers are busy, then whenever it becomes idle, one of the server finishes its processing, then which of these is it going to pick? That is basically what a scheduling policy is. We know some standard scheduling policies like first come first serve. There is actually also last come first serve for some reasons sometimes last come first serve is used. There is priority, there is in your operating systems, you would have learned round robin. So, all of all those are scheduling policies. So, this next picture is just showing everything that we just talked about in a clean way. Just to repeat everything, we have the service time which has the average and the distribution. Again recall the time for which one customer holds one server. One divided by average service time is the service rate. We have the overall service rate. Of course, if we have multiple servers, then the overall service rate of the system becomes the number of servers multiplied by the service rate of one server. So, if one server is going at a certain speed, more servers can go at a faster speed overall. Then we have the waiting room, we have the customer inter arrival time, we have the average the distribution and arrival rate is 1 divided by this average inter arrival time and then we have the queuing discipline. I will just maybe give some examples here. Let us say service time is, this average here is 10 milliseconds. This typically the time we can say a request, a web server request might take for doing some computation or some other work. So, let us say service time is 10 milliseconds. Then the service rate will be 1 by 10, which this will be requests per millisecond. So, that is actually 100 requests per second. So, this becomes 100 requests per second. That can be the service rate. If there were two servers, then the overall service rate is 200 requests per second. Yeah, servers can be two, waiting room size we can say, let us say maybe 200 requests can sit in the buffer.  Maybe it is big enough that we can call it infinite. So, this is actually a modeller's decision. The person who is reasoning about the queuing system, it is their decision as to if it is very large, then shall I just call it as infinite. And customer inter arrival time, let us say it could be 1 every 20 milliseconds. So, in that case, actually the arrival rate will be, you can do the calculation, it will actually become 100 requests, sorry 50 requests per second. It will be 50 requests per second. So, these are the kind of numbers you can have. I am not yet talking about the distributions, we will talk about that in a moment. Similarly, there is another formulation of queuing systems called closed. In the closed queuing system, we are not only worried about the server system, but we want to include the sources of the requests, the source of the request. Where are the requests coming from? Where are the customers coming from? We want to include that in our modeling and then it becomes closed because there are no external arrivals, they are actually coming from the users or because the wherever the customers are and there are no departures outside the system. So, the way we draw these typically are again I will just show let us say a single server here. The server part is the same. There are arrivals, there are departures, but these arrivals are now coming from another place which we call the client station. We can also call this the server station and these are actually coming from here and after the service they are actually going back here. What does this represent? You can think that this represents, let us say there are students in a lab on a fixed number of PCs. So, fixed number of students in a lab on a fixed number of PCs interacting with a institute server, some server. So, what are these students doing typically? They will let us say they issue, they click on a, let us say they are interacting with a web server, a website of the institute. They will click on the link and then the request goes to the server. This is a web server. It may queue for the thread. It will get processed and then the response will come back to the user and then the user does what we call think. So, this represents the response. So, this is the page, the web page which has gone back to the user. Now, when the student is looking at the web page, she will spend some time actually reading that web page. Something will be there on that web page. She will look at it and then she will click on the next link and then again she will click on the next link and then again the request for that page will go to the server and then the page will be sent back. Again, she will read the web page again. So, this is a request response loop. So, in a closed system, the users are in a request response and then you read which in our terminology we call think and then you go back and we issue the request again. So, users are in a request response loop and there is nothing coming into this system from outside and nothing going out. So, here we draw, we say that this is one system. Our entire system is this and it is closed, nothing goes in, nothing goes out. A request is either here meaning it is in the user's head or it is here or it is actually executing but it does not go out or nothing comes in. That is why these systems are called closed. So, these are the two types of queuing systems. Again, this just shows the same picture cleanly. The earlier parameters for the server system are again applicable for the closed system. Everything has just repeat here. But how are the clients described? We need some quantitative way to describe the clients. Again, you have the number of clients. This is fixed. And then the think time again has an average and it has a distribution. Whenever there is a time in queuing systems, we will have an average for it and we will have a probability distribution. So, again this is just bringing everything together. The descriptors of a queuing system, we have the number of servers, waiting room and its size, the service time distribution, the inter arrival time distribution, the number of users if it is closed. This is if closed. This is not required if it is open. And of course, we cannot ignore the queuing discipline. These are the descriptors and these descriptors actually have some standard parameter notations. The number of servers we will typically denote by C and of course these values this can take is 1, 2, 3 and so on. Size of the buffer we show by capital K. Size of the buffer note it can be 0. Sometimes there are queuing systems in which actually there is no queue. Remember we had the example of this was cellular network. When we place a cellular call and all, if at all all the channels are busy, we just get a network busy signal. We are not put in any queue. So, we need, so K size of buffer can go from 0 to remember that we can also assume infinity if there are too many, if this buffer size is very large. Then service time and inter arrival time distributions, there are various standard distributions that people assume. There is of course constant. If the service time is just fixed for every request, then you can assume constant, the formal word for it is deterministic. Then there are distributions like exponential, uniform. You would have learned this in your undergraduate mathematics. And general means it can be just not a standard distribution. Then we have the symbol lambda for the average arrival rate, the symbol tau for average service time. And the reciprocal of the service time is the average service rate. So, mu here is equal to 1 by tau. And of course then we have the system service rate which will be C mu. So, since we were talking about probability distributions, we are not going to go very much in depth in this course. Every now and then whenever we need some specific piece of knowledge from probability distributions, we will revise it. So, right now since I was talking so much about probability distributions, I thought I will just refresh it a little bit. So, what is a probability distribution? So, let X be a continuous random variable. Now, there are many words here. Random variable of course means a quantity that can take some varied values with some randomness to it. You cannot exactly, it is not constant, it does not always take the same value. So, so many things in life are random variables. And what is continuous? Continuous means there are not a discrete or countable set of values. For example, temperature, temperature in Mumbai, let us say. So, it is some random variable which can take a value, let us say in an extreme case, if we could even, if we have lot of climate change, we could go to 5 degree Celsius to maximum let us say 50 degree Celsius. So, of course, that is where the probability is, the probability of a 5 degrees Celsius temperature in Mumbai is almost 0, even 50 is almost 0. But 30 is probably I would say half the time it is around 30 plus minus. Not exactly 30 though, that is the whole point about continuous. We cannot say that it is exactly 30, we can say probability of the temperature being like 28 to 35 is almost more than half. So, that makes it a continuous random variable, you can take any value like 28.013 or 35.961, there is no, it can take any value. Then for a continuous random variable, we define this cumulative distribution function which is the probability that the random variable takes some value less than t and we denote that by f of x, fx of t. Then again recall that small fx t is the derivative of this CDF and that is called the probability density function. And this is not exactly the probability, but it is something that is close that goes up and down with the probability of random variable taking a value near this t. So, note that this is not a probability. It is basically just the derivative of this CDF. So, examples of probability distributions are uniform, exponential. Again, I just want to give an intuitive feeling and recall. So, for example, uniform if you remember that just means that every value there is no bias and there is nothing like certain values are more probable than the others, it is not like that. So, for example, the continuous uniform distribution uniform is usually between shown like this will be between some parameters a and b. So, when we say that an x is a uniform random variable taking values between a to b, this is the PDF. The PDF will look something like this. This is a, this is b and everywhere it is 0, only it will have some value here and then everywhere else also it is 0. And this value in fact is 1 over b minus a. You do not have to remember all of these too much just giving feeling, recalling what distributions are. And then we have the exponential distribution which is the picture goes like this. Again, this is f x t where x is exponential and this is t. So, this is just what the PDF looks like. For constant, we can also draw a CDF, but constant just means that it takes a fixed value with probability 1. So, this is actually a discrete random variable. So, this is just to recall what probability distributions are. And when we talk about queuing systems, we have to make some assumptions about these things. That is how we can do the reasoning. Now queuing systems have one more way to describe them and that is called the Kendall notation. And that has these 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 spots which you have to fill with certain notation. The first one is about the inter arrival time distribution. And these distributions that I just talked about, they are denoted by D for deterministic m for exponential. And that is because exponential is something called memory less. And I am going to go into this in the next lecture or G for general which means we are not making any assumption. Why the next thing here denotes the service time distribution. Again, we will use the same symbols for it. Z is the number of servers and that is this spot here. A here is buffer size and this B here is population size. This is for closed systems only. And this last thing is the discipline. So, for example, if I show you this whole notation like this, it means inter arrival is exponential. The service time distribution is general. We do not really know, we do not really, we are not making any standard assumption for it. Number of servers is 4. Buffer size is 50. This is the closed system with 2000 clients and the discipline is last come first serve. Here are some examples. We have let us say a web server with 256 threads, 256 buffer size and if it is modeled as an open queue then and we are not making any assumptions about the inter arrival time distribution or service time distribution. Then we have G, G 256, 256 and what we do is if fcfs, you know we can drop the notation. So, we do not have to write slash slash. This just if I do not write anything, it means fcfs. Then we have the cellular channels. Remember suppose there are 20 channels in a cell no buffer and call duration let us say is exponentially distributed then and we are not making an assumption about the inter arrival. So, that is G, M number of channels is 20 and buffer size is 0. If we have let us say the last example is of the CPU queuing system itself. There were 256 web server threads using a 4 core CPU. Now these threads are not going anywhere. They are just fixed. These are fixed number of threads. So, this becomes a closed system and these 256 threads are like the users which sometimes use the CPU or sometimes are idle. So, we have this is a closed system. This will be the service time is fixed. We are assuming a fixed service time. We have 4 cores. We do not assume a fixed short buffer size. Anything more than 256 means it is going to be enough. So, it is okay to assume a large buffer size. Then we have 256 is the population and processor sharing is the queuing discipline. So, this is the queuing discipline which is close to round robin. So, it is close to round robin and it is what is used often for CPUs. So, with this we will stop. We are done with the introduction to queuing systems. And now we will see how we get some metrics out of the queuing systems and that will be in the next lecture. So, these are some examples of queuing systems in the Kandall notation that we just saw. But the whole point of defining a queuing system is to analyze it. We do not just want to describe the parameters and be done with it. So, what are the metrics of an open queuing system? Remember that when we talked about that parameters and metrics table, we said that we can have a general model. So, the general model is not only for the parameters, it is for the metrics also. So, these are the metrics of the open queuing system. First thing we can talk about when a customer comes into the system, how long is the customer going to be waiting. So, depending on what the queuing discipline is, it could be the time from the arrival into the queuing system to the start of service. This is one way to define the waiting time. But if it is, if the scheduling discipline here is preemptive, for example, remember round robin is a preemptive service discipline, which means that even after a request starts in the server, it may get, actually it may get preempted and put back into the queue and another job can start. If that is the case, then waiting time is actually defined as total time spent in queue. Because you may spend some time in the, you may arrive at a certain time, start the service, but again put back into the queue. So, waiting time is really the total time spent in the queue. So, that is one metric. Then we have throughput, which is basically the rate at which requests complete successfully. Anyway, this arrow here shows a successful completion and the rate at which requests complete, this is called throughput. So, this can represent the bits per second carried by a link, this can represent calls per second carried by a cellular network and so on. Then we have, for the servers, we have a very important metric called utilization. This is actually the average number of busy servers divided by the total number of servers. So, sometimes you can have 50 percent of the servers are busy or 80 percent of the servers are busy on an average and that is server utilization. Then we have response time, of course, this is waiting time plus service time. So, waiting plus service. So, this would be the total absolute total time the request spends in this whole system, that is response time. If we have a finite buffer, we can have a request that comes in, it does not actually get space in the buffer and it is dropped. So, that is called, we capture that behavior by a metric called blocking probability. Then there are two more metrics, one is what is the average, what is the queue length, that is how many customers are to be found here and a related metric which is how many customers are found in the whole system. And for all of these metrics, actually we talk about the average which is a most simple and most common metric that most people are most common statistic of the metric that we are interested in. Then we may talk about the variance and the most detailed thing that we may want from this is the distribution. We may want the probability distribution, let us say the probability distribution of the queue length or we may want the CDF cumulative distribution function of the response time. So, these are the kind of things we may want from a queuing system. This is just the same thing repeated here, just to remind that the queue length, the utilization and the throughput are going to be system metrics. These are things that the system owner is interested in. Remember when we talked about system and user perceived metrics earlier. And the other ones the waiting time, response time and blocking probability are metrics that the actual customer will experience and can be measured by the user. So, these are the classification of the performance metrics that we saw. So, this concludes our introduction to queuing systems, the parameters, the metrics. And we talked about one particular property called memorylessness when we talked about exponential distribution. And like I said, there are some background from probability that we will just revise as needed. And one of that is going to be memorylessness. So, that will come next. Thank you.


Life on the Red Horse Ranch. When the Red Horse outfit went after cattle rustlers in the roaring river country, the sheriff's posse followed Trigger Dawson, leader of the outlaws, into the hills and fatally wounded him. It was found that Dawson had a boy living with him in his hideout, but some doubt that the boy was his son. Against the wishes of everyone on Red Horse Ranch, Alabama has sent Tenderfoot to roaring river to bring the boy back to the ranch. Well, that boy is not going to stay here if I have anything to say about it. Seems like you ain't. Alabama sent Tenderfoot over there to roaring river to bring the boy back with him.  Well, Carter's going to put a stop to it. Don't think he's going to like the idea of bringing in the son of a cattle thief to live on his ranch. Why in tarnation was Alabama so set on bringing that kid here? Oh, he sort of thinks it's our responsibility to take care of the kid as long as he ain't got a dad anymore. Well, you just remember what I said. There's going to be trouble when that doge comes on the place. He's been brought up with a whole pass-law outlaws, ain't saw nothing but shooting all his life. While he's like, he's not killed a couple of homers himself. We don't nothing about that kid. Boys, would you mind singing something till Cheyenne gets the wind out of his sails? Tenderfoot. Tenderfoot. Dawson's got more crimes laid to him and the dog's got fleas. Like it's not the law to be suspecting this whole red horse outfit of some bank robbery when it's his harbouring outlaw, I'll all kid now. Tetch! How about stuffing your boot in Cheyenne's mouth? Ain't nothing else will stop him. That ought to stop him for good. Listen, fellas, we got nothing against the Dawson kid. He might not even be Dawson's son. Some folks doubt it, but just the same, there may be some truth in what Cheyenne's saying. Well, he's going to be Alabama's responsibility. Let him do the worrying. Where is Alabama now? Out watching for him? Well, last time I saw him, he was up on the veranda talking to Rose. You know, I've been sort of wondering about Alabama and Rose till Tenderfoot came to the red horse. I sort of thought they'd get hit someday. I thought she treated Alabama pretty cool the other night at the dance. Oh, they had a little trouble, but it didn't mean nothing. Tenderfoot thinks he can miss Rose. You just ask her sometime. Alabama's the only fellow she's got an eye for. Of course, she likes Tenderfoot, but I don't think she suspects he cares for her.  Oh, sure, we won't do nothing like that. Well, Arizona started on that guitar again. Let me get over to my doghouse. As much as I do, Mr. Carter, Tenderfoot ought to be back with him now any time. It's going to be mighty bad. Talk to me a little more before you decided to bring the boy over. Let's wait and see what the kids like. And if we find that he can't fit in, then we can send him back. Send him back where? He has no mother. His dad's gone. Might be a good thing he is. I just can't see it any other way, Mr. Carter. Let's give the boy a chance, Dad. He won't be any bother to you. I will hardly know he's here. Well, what do the rest of the boys think about it? Well, I'll admit they ain't so sold on the idea of having an outlaw's son for a border, but I'm going to do something for the poor kid. Oh, look, there's Tenderfoot now. Sure enough, and the boy's with him. Gosh, he's really a swell kid, Rose. Stop out front here, Tenderfoot. I want Dad and Rose to meet the young fella. I know. Come on, folks. Let's make him feel at home. Come on up here on the porch, mister, and meet the big boss. No, but poor little fella. Oh, that's the boy. I'll take Chris down to the crown and be right back, old man. All right. Well, here he is. Young Mr. Dawson.  Howdy, kid, howdy. Hello there, sonny. Won't you shake hands with me? You're going to say something to the folks, ain't you? Where's my pappy? Oh, my, uh, tell him your name, young fella. Where's my pappy? Well, I'll tell you all about that later. Oh, well, Abam, he doesn't even realize what's happened yet. What's his name? Dewey. Dewey Dawson.  Of course.  They'll cheer him up. You go ahead and talk to him, Rose. All right. Hey, Bob. Cheyenne. Kate. Come on up to the house. Oh, look. Look, is that your dog, Dewey? Of course he is. Who's you think he was? Oh. I don't know why I sure I should have known that. We're going to like having you here. What's the dog's name? Elizabeth, of course. Oh. Just what I was afraid of. Please, Dad. Not in front of him. Come on, fellas. Bring your guitars. Oh, here comes Dewey. Oh, Dewey. I want you to meet the swellest parcel of cow hands in the west, as Tex, Idaho, Bob, Cheyenne, and Arizona. Hi. Oh. Why? I bet there's a lot of muscle in them arms, Buster. My name ain't Buster. It's Dewey. Ha, ha, ha. That's a good one. Get along. Little do we get along. Now, listen, brothers. Don't start that. Play him something. Sure. Say, I bet he'd like to hear Pony Boy. How about it, Dewey? Let's go, boys. Sure. See ya. But it won't you be my Tony Boy. Don't say no. Here we go off across the plains. Carry me, carry me right away with you.  Was afraid he would trade his little heart away. His little heart away.  But won't you be my Tony Boy.  How'd you like that, Dewey? My gosh, Alabama. Don't he like nothing? Hey, it looks more like a sheep to me. It's got a sheep's head. He's either got no sheep's head. Arizona, lay off the boy. He's just getting acquainted. Come here, pooch. Watch me throw my voice at him. Now listen to me. You leave Malone. You touch Malone.  Get out of here. Come on, please. You leave Malone.   We better not talk about my dog. It's mine. It's named us a little bit. Well, I'll tell you.  And we'll go down to the bunkhouse. Leave us alone for a while, will you, fellow? Yeah, don't worry about that. And I think I'll have to sleep in a bed with that on a grown wildcat. Oh, that poor boy.  We can't help feeling sorry for the boy, can we? But perhaps Mr. Carter is right.


Here we are at the ITU headquarters in Geneva. It's day three of course of the AI for good global summit And I'm joined now by a special type of guest an investor Ash Fontana, managing director of Zeta Ventures So you are telling me in our audience that there's money to be made in AI? Yeah, absolutely. Our belief with Zeta is that all software will change With the advent of intelligent systems that is every existing category in a line of business whether it's sales marketing clients, risk anything and every single market whether it's agriculture manufacturing food energy otherwise Will completely change all the software used in those industries will change from being you know What we have today, which is fairly simple workflow software a lot of the software we use today is just like a fast calculator that writes to a database to software that helps you make a decision and with that change every Single company. There's there's opportunity for new vendors to emerge making intelligent software So that was our belief in starting Zeta and that continues to be our belief more than ever And so we think you know investing in those companies organizations communities projects that Making this shift to intelligent software Will be profitable for some people and have people have a receptive to your pictures. They have yeah You know, we started the fund in 2013 and I think people thought the field was still quite small in 2013 Even though a lot of the research had really picked up by then We were starting to see really good results in terms of intelligent systems that can perceive things in images or recognize meaning in speech Or at least recognize words in speech very very well Who was starting to see it was starting to see consumer applications of it But people still thought it was small people didn't really believe it However, just in the three years Up to 2016 There was a huge amount of progress and then in 2016 and 2017. There's been a huge amount of press In the area. So people I think are really seeing the opportunity now um Are you thinking about short-term investment? Are you prepared to give these companies or ai a long goal? Yeah, I mean our model is to spend at least they are around about 10 years with each of these companies So we're certainly taking the long view That said, I think you know a lot of the opportunities to win Over incumbent systems like non-intelligent systems Are there today? So a lot of our companies are already replacing the incumbents that have sort of Very simple workflow software with their intelligent software today and they're profiting from that That's it. Do you buy this that it's um, this is fourth industrial revolution stuff? Yeah, funnily enough We frame the intelligence era as the fourth generation of computing So I'll talk about that for a second and then I'll talk about industrial evolution You know computing we think the first generation of computing was inventing all the hardware You know essentially fast calculators the integrated circuits and silicon 70s and 80s Then that became a bit of a commodity it became pretty well known how to make those circuits And they will produce some very high volumes So the value to be added in technology in the technology industry was in making software You know encoding a real world workflow into a piece of software Microsoft was the big company of that area era Then with the advent of the internet we got to what we thought think is the third era of technology and Computing which is interconnected computing. So the internet cloud based systems that sort of stuff Now today it's pretty easy to build a cloud based system and access You know that cloud infrastructure through amazon google and microsoft etc And really where the value is being added in the use of technology fundamental use of technology Is in how it helps you make a decision by analyzing huge volumes of data and then presenting that back to you or Creating an autonomous agent that can infer or learn from huge volumes of data So we frame the intelligence era as the fourth era of computing You're taken even more broadly in that than that We do think it is you know analogies to the industrial revolution are quite useful For a number of reasons, you know the obvious one is The way that labor replacement can happen industrial revolution was machines replacing physical labor The intelligence revolution is machines replacing Mental labor Decision making and a higher order functions of human beings So that's one obvious analogy And certainly the the policy and the ethical issues involved with that are very important But also the opportunities that that presents us are very important And secondly, you know, it's fundamentally a machine revolution So The machines are what's driving this shift. Okay, great. So basically ash If you're a startup out there with great AI ideas and you're looking for a bit of money Come and see this guy He may be able to give you right you a little check there to keep you going And he's given you 10 years to get your idea off the ground. You can't get better than that ash fontan fontana Thanks very much. You're with zed adventures. Thanks for talking to us. Thank you chris


Hello, in this lecture we will define Federal Unemployment Tax Act or FUTA. According to Fundamental Accounting Principles, Wild 22nd Edition, the definition of Federal Unemployment Tax Act FUTA is, Payroll taxes on employers assessed by the federal government to support its unemployment insurance program. When we're thinking about FUTA, we are thinking about a form of payroll taxes. However, we're not talking about payroll taxes that are going to be withheld from the employees. These are payroll taxes that only the employer pay. However, they pay those taxes, the FUTA tax, based on employee wages. So what we're going to do is we're going to calculate the employee wages. And then we're typically going to have a cap that is fairly low, meaning all wages for all employees up to the cap of 7,000 for each employee or a cap thereabouts, which is low enough.