This week's edition of Business in Hawaii, I'm Daelyn Yanagida and we're broadcasting live from the ThinkTech studios in downtown Honolulu. If you want to tune in live, we are at www.thinktechhawaii.com and you may also subscribe to our programs and get on our mailing list there as well. The theme of Business in Hawaii is to share with you stories of local businesses by local people. Our guests share with us how they were able to build successes in a challenging environment and at the same time support our community in the many struggles that we do have. In our studio today, we have Andrew Kampien, founder and director of Handy Andy. I apologize, his last name is French. I am so not the linguist. But thank you for joining us, Andy, and welcome to the show. So Handy Andy Hawaii, what is that? So Handy Andy Hawaii serves as a transitional employment platform for military veterans exiting the service and we operate in the home maintenance space via Handyman and construction. Wow. Okay. So what is your mission? So it's our mission. It's to apply centralized home care services to the consumer using a veteran to do it. I want you to share with our viewers what inspired you to get started. But before we go there, we're going to put up a video that you shared with us. So 2012, is that when you retired? No, so I got out, I did tenure service and I got out until 2016 January. Okay. And you made Hawaii your home? Yeah. So I was in North Carolina the last five years of service and my parents moved out here from Washington, or I'm sorry, from Oregon back in 2011. And then we used to come here traveling every year for Christmas. And then I knew someday I would end up here. And then as soon as I got out of service the day after I flew out, bought a one-way ticket and never looked back. Fantastic. And when did Handy Andy Hawaii start? January of 2017. Wow. So tell me about, so I understand that you served and you saw a need for folks who were getting out. Tell me about that. Tell me about how that spoke to you. So if I, back to 2016, I looked at the process of exiting the service and I put myself in the shoes of people who didn't really have anything to do after and it didn't look that good. There was no really, there's no clear path on how to make that transition smoothly or how do your skills like transfer into the civilian world. So there was a lot of lost souls and a lot of people who were scared, a lot of my peers who were very specialized, they still had a lot of trepidation getting out of the service. And then we were trying to figure out, well okay, so I understand that there's a niche here. There's a lot of people who need employment and what's the vehicle that we can allow them to have employment, right? So the first, Handy Andy wasn't the first concept, we actually had another concept. It was a little bit more robust. So it was a, we acquired a drone company to fly UAVs. And that's something I did in the service as well. And then we figured out it was just, the aptitude was too much to really mass produce veterans. And so we had to scratch that idea but it told us a concept, okay? So we're awarded the GI bill when we complete service to do continuing education, whether it's going to do a degree path or a apprenticeship program. So I was doing a little research on what it would take to get that drone industry accredited and what it would take to do that. And I was like, okay, this is a long path, but how could we, you know, consolidate these steps? And so we started thinking, me and my father were here in Waikiki at Rumfire. And we were, how can we mass produce a lot of people? What is a unique skill that every service member has or possesses? And we're all somewhat familiar with a janitorial maintenance type of work. So handy, changing stuff, you know, cleaning up and all kinds of stuff like that. And they're like, okay, so that's where the idea was born. And then we just had to reverse engineer the model on what it would take to be able to get guys to come in and then go market our efforts and our mission. Wow. So how do you go though from serving in our military to understanding how to start up a business of your own? Yeah, coaching. There's no, it's not something, you don't read a book to figure that out. You know, it's not like I listen to a podcast and you figure it out. It's just, my dad is a very good mentor who has a ton of successful businesses across the years. And he just coached me through the process, still is it today. So. So when you started, was it just you and you were, you were doing? Yeah. So we had three guys initially started. I would go out and do like the sales and marketing. And then we have three other guys in the field full time. And is that just on Oahu? Yeah, it's just on Oahu. Are you thinking about expanding to the other island? We are. We're actually going, so this is a prototype model for a franchise. So we started last year with three guys. Now we're in the mid 60s. Wow. So workforce is fast and growing. And so once we hit all the metrics and our system and process are fully developed here, then our triggers are met, then we're going for national expansion. Wow. Okay. So let's back up a little bit. You said it's a prototype for a franchise. Right. I think what's important for you to share with people is where do you, where do you get that idea? Where do you start? I mean, I doubt many entrepreneurs say, yeah, I'm going to start up this business and it's going to eventually be a franchise. Well, it always goes, it goes back to starting with the end in mind before you start something have a clear goal to where you're trying to go. And then our first big goal with me and my family set forth was to hire a thousand veterans in five years. So the only, I can't do that in Hawaii. So we have to do it nationally. What are some of the statistics about veterans in Hawaii? Do you know how many approximately we have? So there's like 140,000 veterans in Hawaii. Wow. Yeah. And so what makes that your niche? You know, I think that it's an amazing way to give back to the community, to the country, those who have given their time and their energy and their loyalty to the country, serving the country. Where did that come from? I understand that you served, but there's got to be something bigger. Well, it's always about, okay, so it's about serving a cause greater than yourself, right? The military did a really good job of recruiting people and getting them in the service. But when you look at exiting, now that you're not part of their efforts anymore, there's really not the same helping hand as it was initially on the forefront. And so that's where we determine that the private sector is going to be the one responsible for feeling that void. And hopefully we can start a trend where other people follow suit.  Yeah, so there's the transition programs currently out there that we're reaching out to. We use social media and any kind of social channel to really get our name out there. And pretty much any hookup that we can get where we want to exhaust all means and hire as many as we can. So do you hire non-veteran? We do. Yeah, because really in order to get these guys fully trained when they get out, you have to have these guys who've been in the trades for 10, 20 years who can really teach them good habits. Because we don't just hire people who are skilled out of the military. We have some guys who've never lifted a finger, but they should have the right mindset. And we have a platform where we could train and we trained them and now they're very successful. Fantastic. So tell me about some of the services that you offer. Yeah, so basic handyman repair. So we could do light installations, ceiling fan installations. We could do full on remodels and full blown construction, new builds, and everything in between that. So we operate under a builder, contractor, licensed. OK. So my guess is that there will be a lot of folks or maybe even some other businesses that are looking for licensed contractors. So is that? Yeah, so that is the thing. So when you talk to a lot of consumers and they have a handyman that they're using, which is great. Continue to use them. But generally speaking, they're not going to be licensed or have the insurance and bonds that we do. So if you want some accountability, hold somebody accountable, it's better to help get a business accountable than your friend Bob. And then it gets tricky if something does go wrong. Nice. So tell me about some of the larger projects that you've done. Yeah, so currently we do a couple commercial projects. We're on pancakes and waffles. We're just finishing up one of our final walk-throughs on that. We do some of the big hotels we've done some renovations on. Nice, very nice. Very versatile, home flips. So you said 60 employees currently and growing. And you service all parts of Oahu. Correct. And so I did notice on your website that people can go there and fill out a form. Yeah, so if you're at handyandyhawaii.com, you can get quote now and we'll ask you some basic questions. Your address, name, and best contact information goes right to our call center. And they'll get back to you soon within 20 minutes. You have a call center? We do have a call center. Wow. Wow. Yes. Is that call center locally based? Yes, locally based, absolutely. And locally staffed? Locally staffed. Wow. And is that 24 hours? It is. And so we have emergency services too. So outside of 10 PM is emergency services. So it's a little bit of a more expedited fee. If you have emergency plumbing or some kind of emergency issue, then you can't wait until the morning, then call us. And we'll be there. Fantastic. So where is your home base? It's in Mapunapuna. So near the industrial area over there. OK. It's actually U-Haul. Right. So Hawaii's been experiencing some inclement weather in the past couple of years. There have been several close calls with hurricanes. People must be burning up your lines with needs. What types of handy needs do your clients call you for? So recently, with the hurricane scares, we did a lot of sandbagging and board ups. So protect from debris and then to help mitigate flooding. Oh, good to know. Because where I work, we're out there trying to figure out where we're going to go to get a sandbag. Right, right. So actually, another sister company of ours that's managed and owned by us is called Rescue One. And when it does, it does mitigation, flood work, fire damage. Oh, wow. It's a restoration company that started from a flood that happened out in Waikai in April, I believe. Right. Really? So we went out there, we got hired for the job, and then we created an opportunity out of necessity. Wow. OK, so there's another business called Rescue One. I didn't know this. So that's brand new this year, right? And you do restoration work. Specifically, restoration work from damage. Yeah, flood mitigation, restoration, fire damage, mold remediation. Wow, wow. And we've had unpredictable weather, so I'm sure that there's a lot of space there. Right, so collectively between the two during the hurricane scare, they were working hand in hand, cohesive unit going out and servicing the island. And they did really good. Proud of everybody for their efforts. That is really great. Because it was a long day, very logistically intense, because the scarcity in the stores and just getting places was kind of tricky. Right. People go into this frenzy, try to figure out what they're supposed to do. They could just call your line, right? Yeah, absolutely. That's fantastic. We are going to go to a short break. And when we come back, I want to talk about, I didn't even realize that you expanded your business recently this year, but I do know that you have even bigger plans to expand that business. I also want to talk about some of the accolades that you've received locally for the work that you've done in your fast growing business. And we'll talk about that when we come back. We are going to go to a short break. This is Business in Hawaii. And we'll see you back here shortly. This is Think Tech Hawaii, raising public awareness. My name is Stephanie Mock. And I'm one of three hosts of Think Tech Hawaii's Hawaii Food and Farmer series. Our other hosts are Matt Johnson and Pamai Weigert. And we talk to those who are in the fields and behind the scenes of our local food system. We talk to farmers, chefs, restaurateurs, and more to learn more about what goes into sustainable agriculture here in Hawaii. We are on at Thursdays at 4 PM. And we hope. Welcome back. This is Business in Hawaii. And my guest today is Andrew Kampion. Andrew is the founder and director of Handy Andy Hawaii. Handy Andy Hawaii was started out of a passion to help people coming out of the military on that exit with an opportunity to really get into careers that are meaningful and support, basically a support. Andy, you have been recognized by Pacific Business News as being top, was it top 25? Yeah, 23rd fastest growing company. Top 23 fastest growing companies. We have a picture of an article that PBN did on you. You want to talk about that article and how that came about? Yeah, so in the process of getting recognized and the validity of the process to be able to do our goal, which is hire 1,000 people, you have to get out there in exposure and do press releases. And we thought out to go for this and submit our financials and turn out that we were selected. I didn't know where we were. We had no clue where we ranked. And they would just let the cards fall, they fall and put us in a decent place. Very nice. We have a picture of you accepting that award. We could put that up. So is this where they recognized? Yes, this is where we recognized us at the event there in August. Tell us about some of the other types of businesses that you are up against or focused on with. So there's a couple of just construction companies. There was real estate companies, food industries. There was very small and large. Yeah, small and large.  It was definitely nice. It was definitely a check in the box. But now we have to tighten it up and really close that gap and go for that top spot. Well, that message about hiring 1,000 vets in five years, that's amazing. And I think that probably speaks volumes to you really sticking close and aligning to your mission. We have another picture of you and some of your coworkers. I think it's three of you. Tell us about that. Yeah, so this is my little brother. He works in the company as well, Nick Compion. And on the right is Nathan Stowell. He was one of the founding members as well. He was probably one of the best guys that we've ever had in this company. And unfortunately, he passed away April 1st, this last Easter, hiking on the Allmont Trail. That was a very devastating blow to this organization because he was one of the heart and souls of the company. He was a lively, intelligent, and just a charismatic character. It's hard. You can't replace somebody like that. So it was devastating for our peers and the guys to work through it. Turned the business in turmoil. But we persevered and stuck with the mission. But now we have a driving force to be able to hit our targets. Because the mission doesn't stop, right? You still have to, you know? As the founder of a very successful business, there are so many large corporations that focus on culture building, engagement.  Tell us about your culture and how important that is to you. I think that picture alone and how you speak of the inspiration that arrives from your coworkers and working together. Tell us about Handy-Andy Hawaii's culture. So because of that military background that a lot of us have, it's that cohesive unit, that connected spirit that we all have, where we thrive and work under pressure together. It's a force, it's a tight bond that only a few people really understand. And so it's nice for these guys to be able to trench us and out and have a team of people who understand them and the trials and tribulations that they've faced up until that time of them coming out. So you have a culture that's very strong and very hardheaded as well, but they're tough young men. Supportive. Supportive. Becoming that support on the exit. Because I'm sure that a lot of them still do have some struggle, not struggles, but the getting out of the military, one large organization into a different type of community. It's scary for them, because you figured the first and 15th every month, they didn't have to think about getting paid. They didn't have to think about health care. They didn't have to think about anything. I mean, they're going to be wrong. They had things to think about, like staying alive. But when you get out, there's a lot more things that you have to consider. And that's a lot of, we've seen that come through, we understand that. And because it's like the feel felt found, I've been through that, and I can help you. And there's the resources we have afforded to you. Nice, very nice. So the 60 employees that you have, are they all veterans? No, it's a mix. The veterans, are they local, or how did they find their way to Hawaii? This was their last tour. The majority of them were stationed here at one point. And that's the thing, is Hawaii is such a lovely place and people want to stay here, but they're afraid to find employment. And they don't want to go back to Oklahoma. No offense to Oklahoma. But if you're in Hawaii, why would you want to leave? And so they look for opportunity and they find us. Fantastic. And so we're getting better and better about spreading our name and going offensive and trying to find them as well. Fantastic. I know that you have much bigger plans than just staying on Oahu, that your expansion is going to go to the other islands. But I know that you've also been talking about expansion across the water, and perhaps even internationally, talk to, talk to someone about that. Yeah, so we're going to primarily start on the west coast and the east coast and target very difficult markets that are highly veteran populated. So we can achieve our goal. So we'll hit those targets and then we'll start trading on the other locations like Texas, Florida, North Carolina, very veteran centered locations. Frequently in the media, people will say, you know, Hawaii is not very friendly to small business, but you seem to have decided that this is where you want it to be and you are going to make something out of nothing. So speak to us about really what that reality is. Is Hawaii really difficult to start up a business? Oh, it's difficult. But at the end of the day, if there's a wheel, there's a way. And if you want it, you'll find it. Trust me, it wasn't easy to get to where we're at today, but we wanted it and it was worth it. Our mission was worth it. So we had to dig deep and figure out what it took. When it comes to workforce development, I think you can argue anywhere across the nation it's difficult to find a good workforce. But Hawaii especially, because you know, it's hard to get people to show up to work when the surf's good. You know, so you gotta still produce knowing that there are factors out there that you can't control. And so that's challenging. I'd say it poses a bigger challenge here than a lot of other states that I've been to and I've been to a lot of states. So you said workforce development is a major struggle. What are the other barriers to starting up, being an entrepreneur and starting up a business? Well, so there's competition. There was like over 500 other competitors in that space. You know, in our first year, we won Handyman Company of the Year. So that was a good, we were surprised. Like, okay, we ran new, but we're figuring this out. And it was nice to see that. But yeah, so bear the entry. There was a competition there. So what advice would you give to entrepreneurs like yourself that perhaps have never owned a business, just came out of, you know, whether it's serving the country or maybe private industry. What advice do you have for them if they wanna be an entrepreneur and start up a successful business in Hawaii? My first piece of advice and the most important of all of them is find a mentor. Because there's gonna be so many questions. You're gonna have more questions than answers.  And you gotta trust their guidance and know that they have your best interest in hand. And don't be afraid to fail and fall and, you know, get back up and keep moving because it does happen and it's part of business. But it's about how you deal with those roadblocks, right? So that's where a mentor and a leader can kind of help you guide you through those trials and tribulations. So the expansion to the West Coast and then international is not where you're stopping. You also talked to me about working currently on an accreditation for an accredited training program. Tell me about that. Absolutely, so it's a working process. We're still about a year out from fully developing and it takes about two years of total legwork. But it's called the National Academy of Construction and Trade. And what that does is we understand that the prototype for men and women get down to service. They're not necessarily trained in these skills. So we have to train them. Because work, like I said, workforce development was one of the biggest struggles that we've seen. So how can we effectively train them to optimize their potential? And then how can we let them use their benefits that they had used so that they have afforded to them so they get a good stipend from the government when they're going through these training programs and just being an intern as well. So what is that process like, applying for accreditation? You said it's a two-year process. Right. Most of the folks watching right now don't know anything. Yeah, well, we're still currently going through the process, but you have to have an institution created. So creating an institution has its own answers and a curriculum. And then you have to get a registered accreditation program. And then after that, then you start going through the VA and start getting them to recognize it. And it just takes a lot of time and due diligence to validate all of those requirements. So you've already created that curriculum. The curriculum is created. And what does it contain? It's just individual trades. So you're getting a prototype individual who could do plumbing, electrical, carpentry work. So would you be an instructor? No, I would not be an instructor. So do you contract with other organizations to bring that instruction in or? No, we'll hire. We have the person that worked with us already. He's currently training the guys now. It's just not in the official capacity like a school. Wow. It's on-the-job training right at the moment. So what is your hope to, when your accreditation finally arrives, what is your hope? What does this look like? What's the big picture? So the big picture is it's a school that provides employment to veterans. And not just us, but we want to be able to provide to other people. Because Plumber Bob's down the street, he needs a workforce too. And if we could provide them people and veterans, we can hire or get our goal way faster if we source them to other companies as well. Fantastic. So I'm sure that as the founder of this organization that's driven by the desire to support and to help people, that there are many ways that you, other ways that you give back to the community. Can you share with us some of the ways that Handy Andy Hawaii gives back to the community?  And that's one of the things we're actually trying to do as a team to really get more involved in this community. Because we've been so focused on optimization and growth that we've kind of put that in the back burner. But that's a big initiative next year. But that definitely is full circle, right? I mean, you are providing these opportunities for the vets and then eventually. We can always do more, but definitely. That's our focus right now is putting veterans at work. Fantastic. Fantastic. What else do you want to share with our viewers about Handy Andy Hawaii and the journey that you've been on and the journey that you're going to continue forward? Well, it gives an opportunity. If you have any home or service needs, give us a call at<PHONE_NUMBER> or find us at handyandyhawaii.com. And we'll take care of you. And we thank you for putting a veteran to work. And what about those vets that are now watching us who want to contact you? Yeah. So if you go to handyandyhawaii.com or slash recruitment, or you can just hit the recruitment tab on the website. There's an inquiry form where you can submit a resume and inquire right into there. And we'll get back to you within the hour. Within the hour? Oh, yeah. Fantastic. With a call line, 24-hour service, emergency services, just amazing. Handy Andy Hawaii and what you do for the veterans and for the local community is amazing. Congratulations on your success. I know that you'll have much more success going forward. And I'm looking forward to seeing that grow. Appreciate that. Thank you so much. We are out of time. Thank you to Andy for joining us today and a huge thank you to our production staff. If you would like to be a guest on our show, please email your information to shows at thinktechawaii.com. Business in Hawaii airs every Thursday at 2 o'clock. And we look forward to seeing you here next week.


Hello, and welcome again to my backyard, where we'll begin our video book How Fast Is It. We started here in the first video book How Far Away Is It, where we went from my backyard to the furthest reaches of the visible universe. We started here again when we did How Small Is It, which took us down to the smallest things that exist. In this video book, we'll start with the things in our backyard, snails, people, birds, and move on to faster and faster things, all the way to and including the speed of light. Along the way, we'll cover how we measure things like the speed of sound, the speed of light. We'll start with the lowly snail. Here we see a snail making good time across the tile. We can measure the distance traveled and the amount of time it took. We define speed as the distance divided by the time. Here we have 14 centimeters traveled in 35 seconds, that's 0.4 centimeters per second. If we plot this on the time versus distance graph, with time in seconds for the vertical axis and distance in meters for the horizontal axis, we see that slow is a very steep slope. Standing still would be straight up. Here's a wild tiger angelfish. They have been seen to move at around 1.3 meters per second. Of course, people can move a lot faster than this. The fastest man alive is Jamaican Usan Bolt, who ran the 200 meters in 19.19 seconds, or 10.4 meters per second, but that's slow compared to cheetahs. They're the fastest mammal, topping 27.8 meters per second, that's 100 kilometers per hour. But the peregrine falcon puts that to shame. They are the fastest animal on the planet, soaring up to 389 kilometers per hour. That's 25,000 times faster than the snail. Graphing these speeds against the snail's almost vertical line shows how horizontal lines can get at faster velocities. Of course, we have cars that can travel faster than any of these animals. Arthur McDonald was one of the first to capture the land speed record at Daytona Beach in a nap year, back in 1905. It set the record with 168.4 kilometers per hour. Malcolm Campbell took the record in 1935 in his bluebird. It recorded a top speed of 484.6 kilometers per hour. Craig Bridlove streaked his jet-powered spirit of America across the western Utah desert flats, October 13, 1964, to set a whirl land speed record of 754.3 kilometers per hour. Gary Gabelik smashed the record at Bonneville Salt Flats with the blue flame, reaching the record speed of 1066 kilometers per hour. And in 1997, Andy Green drove the thrust SSC through the sound barrier to 1,228 kilometers per hour. This is the current world record for ground speed. Let's listen to what breaking the sound barrier sounds like. To graph these speeds, we recalibrate the x-axis intervals from 1 meter per mark to 100 meters per mark. Now that we're talking about the speed of sound, let's take a closer look at just what sound is and how fast it travels. An elastic substance is one that returns to its original shape after having been disturbed, like this ball. And any elastic medium doesn't, like this pizza dough. A disturbance in an elastic medium will propagate through the medium. Air is an elastic medium, and sound is a disturbance that moves through it. Sound waves are compression waves. These are waves where the disturbance moves along the line that the wave moves. In this animation, each dot represents an air molecule. As the surface on the left moves in, the nearest molecules are compressed. When it moves back, the compression area becomes rarefied. The compression, followed by a rarefaction cycle, moves to the right. How fast the wave moves depends on the characteristics of the medium. In particular, the higher the resistance to compression, its compressibility, the faster the movement. And the closer the molecules are to each other, its density, the slower the movement. In dry air at 20 degrees centigrade, that's 68 degrees Fahrenheit, the speed of sound is 1,236 kilometers per hour. Chuck Yeager was the first to break the sound barrier in the X1. In October 1947, he reached 1,100 kilometers per hour. We use Mach numbers to signify the multiple of the speed of sound a vehicle travels. This was Mach 1.06. The Lockheed SR-71A Blackbird set the current world's record for jet aircraft at 3,530 kilometers per hour in 1976. That's Mach 3.3. The fastest rocket-powered manned aircraft was the X-15. It set the record at 7,258 kilometers per hour in 1967. That's Mach 6.7. To graph the speeds these cars and aircraft have achieved, we'll need to adjust the units on the X-axis again. This time, we'll make each interval on the X-axis equal to the distance sound travels in air in one second. That's 341 meters. The line at 45 degrees that divides the area in half is the line that represents the speed of sound in air. We're now getting close to as fast as humans and machines can move. The last three we'll cover are all spacecraft. Apollo 10 reached 39,896 kilometers per hour in 1969 as it paved the way for manned spacecraft landing on the moon. I remember watching this launch. The New Horizons spacecraft was launched in 2006, headed for Pluto. It is traveling at 58,536 kilometers per hour. The record for unmanned spaceflight as measured relative to the Earth. It started sending back never-before-seen pictures of Pluto in July 2015. Helios A and Helios B are a pair of probes launched into orbit around the Sun in order to study solar processes. Launched on December 10, 1974, on January 15, 1976, the probes were notable for having set a maximum speed record for spacecraft at 252,792 kilometers per hour. But this speed is measured relative to the Sun, not the Earth. At these speeds, we have to increase the distance intervals again. We'll set them at 10,000 meters per mark. Helios is moving 204 times faster than the speed of sound in air and 17.5 million times faster than the snail in my backyard. All our speeds so far, except for the last one, was relative to the surface of the Earth. In the time before we knew the Earth was spinning on its axis once a day and rotating around the Sun once a year, everyone thought that the universe had a preferred frame of reference against which all other speeds could be measured. That preferred frame was the Earth, the center of the universe. But once Galileo spotted the moons around Jupiter, another approach was needed. We'll use a train example. Let's measure the speed of the person walking on the train. We'll use the same measuring technique we used for the snail. The person on the train sets his clock to zero, marks his starting spot, walks down the car, stops the clock, and marks the second point. Now he just measures the length of the line and divides by the time. In this example, he went 3 meters in 5 seconds, for a speed of 0.6 meters per second. Now picture the train car moving slowly to the right at 2 kilometers per hour, or 0.56 meters per second. This is the speed as measured by a person on the ground. We then repeat the measurement for the observer on the ground who is watching the train go by. He sets his clock to zero, at the same time the rider on the train does. He marks the rider's starting spot. He watches the rider move down the moving car. He stops the clock when the rider does, and marks the second point. Now using the same process, he just measures the length of the line and divides by the time. In this example, the rider went 5.8 meters in the same 5 seconds, for a speed of 1.16 meters per second. Who was correct? Is he moving at 0.6 meters per second, or almost double that speed, at 1.16 meters per second? In the old system before Galileo, you could argue that the observer on the ground was correct. But in the actual world of equal reference frames, both are correct. In fact, we could have done it from the point of view of the train instead of the person on the ground. In that case, it is the person on the ground that is moving at 0.56 meters per second to the left, instead of the train moving to the right. If we put this on our space time graph, we see the train moving as the inertial frame velocity v' and the person walking with the velocity 1.1 meters per second. Now just rotate the velocity lines to make the train standing still. This turns it into the space time graph, the train's frame of reference. Here we see that the ground is moving backwards, at 0.56 meters per second, and the person on the train is moving at 0.6 meters per second. With this in mind, to be completely accurate, the statement needs to be worded as the person on the train is moving at 0.6 meters per second with respect to the train. The person on the train is moving at 1.16 meters per second with respect to the ground. You can see that we are simply adding the speed of the train to the speed of the person with respect to the train. This is the Galilean transformation, between two reference frames moving at constant speed with respect to each other. These are called inertial frames because they are not experiencing any acceleration. In this model, time flows at the same rate in all inertial reference frames, and all motion is relative. The Galilean transformations give us the equations for converting from one frame to another. Let's look at another example. Here the train is moving faster at 25 meters per second. The person on the train kicks a ball in the direction of the train movement and measures its speed at 10 meters per second. The person on the ground would add this to the speed of the train and gets 35 meters per second. Now if the person kicks the ball in the opposite direction, the person on the ground would subtract the speed of the ball from the speed of the train. He would see it moving at 15 meters per second. Here's another example that illustrates that it doesn't matter what is moving. Suppose the person on the train kicks a water container, initiating a sound wave in the water moving in the direction of the train. He would measure the speed of sound in water as being the same when he kicks it forward and when he kicks it backward. The speed of sound in water is around 1,484 meters per second. The person on the ground would measure the forward moving wave at 25 meters per second faster than that, and he would measure the backward moving wave at 25 meters per second slower than that. It followed that if it were a light bulb that the person on the train turned on, he would see the light moving in the direction of the train and the light moving in the opposite direction of the train to be the same speed of light. But the person on the ground would measure the light moving with the train at 25 meters per second faster than that and the speed of light traveling against the movement of the train at 25 meters per second slower than that. This view stood the test of time from Galileo until the mid-1800s because no one could measure the speed of light and no one had instruments sensitive enough to measure the small differences in the speed of light. Then, in 1849, a French physicist named Antonio-Louise Friseux did measure the speed of light. He repeated an unsuccessful experiment conducted by Galileo in the 1630s. Galileo's method was quite simple. He and an assistant each had lamps which could be covered and uncovered at will. They climbed to the tops of hills around 1.5 kilometers apart. Galileo would uncover his lamp and as soon as his assistant saw the light he would uncover his. By measuring the elapsed time until Galileo saw his assistant's light, factoring in reaction times calculated earlier and knowing how far apart the lamps were, Galileo reasoned he should be able to determine the speed of light. Given how fast light is, we know that the time interval Galileo was trying to measure was around five microseconds. The clocks available to him at that time could not measure that tiny a time interval. His conclusion was that light was very fast, if not instantaneous. As Galileo had done, Fitzhugh chose two high points, but in his case they were a good deal further apart at just over eight and a half kilometers. In place of covering and uncovering lanterns, he used shining light through the edge of a toothed wheel. Whether the light beam got through the edge of the wheel depended on the wheel's position. If one of the gaps was in front of the light beam, it got through. If one of the teeth was in front of the light beam, it was blocked. To avoid the problem of human reaction time, Fitzhugh placed a mirror on the far hill instead of a person. He also added a partially reflected mirror to guide returning light to his eye. When Fitzhugh set the wheel spinning at slow speed, a flash of light that shot through one of the gaps would travel to the mirror on the distant hilltop, get reflected and travel back to Fitzhugh so fast that the gap was still in place. The wheel had not had time to move a tooth in the way of the beam of light to block its return. Fitzhugh then increased the speed of the wheel until the light moving through each gap of the mirror and back encountered a tooth instead of the gap on its return. This blocked the light from getting to his eye. Fitzhugh continued to make the wheel spin faster until eventually the light would shoot through a gap and by the time it traveled to the mirror and back, the tooth had moved completely across the line of sight, the beam of light returned just in time to move through the next gap and he could see it again. In super slow motion, it would look like this. Knowing the number of teeth and the rotation rate, Fitzhugh could calculate the time it took for one tooth to move out of the way of the returning light. Dividing the distance by the time gave him the speed of light at 313 million meters per second. He was only off by 4%. Today we beam laser light through a vacuum and measure the timing with atomic clocks. Here is the current number. Wheel round to 300 million meters per second. In 1881, a physicist named Albert Michelson found a way to measure extremely small differences in the speed of light. This is precisely what we need to verify the Galilean transformation for light. This basic idea revolved around light interference patterns. For example, if we combine two waves that are in sync with each other, they reinforce the output wave. As we shift one of the input waves, we see the output deviate from the maximum reinforcement. As we reach one half of a wavelength out of sync, we get total destructive interference. The waves in effect cancel each other out. If we keep going, we move back into complete constructive interference as we reach one full wavelength. What Michelson did was to leverage this light interference behavior in what we now call an interferometer. Here's one from the MIT physics lab. A light source shines light into the interferometer where it is split and reconstructed using mirrors. The reconstructed light shows up on a screen. The bright lines indicate areas of constructive wave interference, and the darker lines indicate areas of destructive wave interference. Moving the mirror changes the position at which the light constructively and destructively interferes. Here's how the light flows through the apparatus. The incoming light source is split into two by a partially reflecting mirror. These two beams then reflect off of mirrors and recombine at the splitting point. If the distances traveled are exactly equal, they will be in sync when they recombine. This produces the maximum constructive interference. The main fringe has been marked with tape to help keep track of any shifting. If we move one of the mirrors by one quarter of a wavelength, that wave will have traveled one half of a wavelength less distance than the other one. This produces the maximum destructive interference. You can see the shift in the fringes from the bright to the dark. As we continue to shorten the wave to the point that it travels one whole wavelength less than the other one, we return to being in sync and get back to maximum constructive interference. The fringe pattern has now shifted one full fringe, producing a pattern just like the one we started with. As we continue to shorten the path for the split wave, we can count the number of fringe shifts. In our experiment, we shortened the wave by 65 micrometers and produced 10 fringe shifts. A simple division gives us the wavelength. So knowing the distance and counting the shifts gives us the wavelength. But as we'll see shortly, the important thing for us to note is that knowing the wavelength and counting the shifts gives us the distance the split wave was shortened. In 1887, Michelson teamed up with Edward Morley and published the results of their experiment that used an interferometer to measure the differences in the speed of light from platforms moving in motion with respect to each other. We'll spend a little time here going over how they did it. Since 1801, when Young proved that light traveled as a wave and throughout most of the 19th century, it had been assumed that space was filled with a substance called the ether to support light propagation, just like air supports sound wave propagation. The ether represented the universal frame of reference against which all other motion could be measured. The question at the time was, how fast is the ether moving? Or more precisely, how fast is the earth moving through the ether? Michelson and Morley were trying to answer this question with their experiment. A good way to see what's happening is to picture a river that measures d across and is flowing to the right with a speed V. Now we put two boats in the river, each moving with a speed lowercase v. One boat will move across the river to a point on the other bank directly opposite the starting point and then return. The other boat will travel downstream the distance d and then return to its starting point. We'll calculate the time required for each round trip. Let's take a look at the boat going across the river. If the boat headed directly to the destination point, the current would take it downstream and it would miss its target. To compensate, the upstream component of its velocity would have to match the flow velocity of the river. This would give us a right triangle, where V' would be the net speed across the river. We can calculate V' by using the Pythagorean theorem. The same analysis works for the trip back, so the time for the round trip can be calculated as twice the time for one way. That's two times the distance divided by V'. Substituting the value for V', we get the final equation. Now let's take a look at the boat traveling down the river and back. The time it takes to go the distance d is simply d divided by the speed of the boat plus the speed of the river. The trip back takes d divided by the speed of the boat minus the speed of the river. Using the common denominator to add these two times gives us the time it takes to make this round trip. Let me take a quick aside here, because this is a good equation for illustrating how we use math and physics. Notice that if the speed of the river is greater than the speed of the boat, time goes negative. If we took the equation to be a general statement about time, one would conclude that time can flow backwards. But if we stick with the situation that we use to develop the equation, we see that a negative time simply means that the poor slow boat can never get back to its starting point. The river will simply continue to carry it downstream. Now back to our example. If we take a look at the ratio of the cross river time, p sub a, to the down river time, t sub b, we see that it creates an equation that can be solved for the velocity of the river. For example, if the boat speeds are 25 kilometers per hour, and we carefully measure the time of the two round trips to be 10 minutes for the cross river round trip, and 15 minutes for the down river round trip, then we can find the river flow. In this example, it's 8.68 kilometers per hour. Michelson and Morley understood that the earth is moving through the ether in different directions at different seasons. In our segment on the solar system, we found that the earth is revolving around the sun at 30 kilometers per second. What Michelson and Morley did was to measure the ratios for light traveling with the ether and across the ether to determine the speed of the ether, just like we did for the boats in the river. Here's the apparatus they used. It worked like the one from MIT. Only it's mounted on a stone slab and floating in a pool of mercury to allow for slowly rotating the interferometer. Here's the actual interference pattern they saw. As the interferometer is rotated, the light flowing perpendicular to the direction of the ether would take time t sub a, and the light flowing with and against the ether would take time t sub b. Rotating the interferometer would change the ratio from t sub a over t sub b to t sub b over t sub a, and the interference pattern would shift. Using the speed of the earth through the ether, they estimated that the shift in the pattern would be just under one half of a fringe, but there was no shift. When the experiment was performed at different seasons and at different locations, the results were the same. No shift. Initially, the fact that there was no shift was viewed as a failure by Michelson and Morley to measure the velocity of the ether. And on reflection, scientists started asking some very fundamental questions. Is there an ether? How can we add the velocity of light and the velocity of the platform and come out with the velocity of light? Are the Galilean transformations wrong? And for us, in this video book, a big question was, does the fact that the speed of light is a constant mean that it is also a speed limit, and nothing can go faster than that? These are the questions we'll address with Einstein's theory of special relativity in the next segment.


our chief guest for the Minister of World and Development, your services, the ambassador present, distinguished conference speakers, colleagues from Macquarie University, ladies and gentlemen, I do recognize each one of you present. It's a great pleasure for me and in need, great pride from Macquarie University to welcome you to the 11th Committee-Based Adaptation International Conference, your most welcome. Allow me to welcome, especially, our chief guest, the Minister of Water and Development, Sal, your most welcome. Allow me to thank the International Institute for Environment and Development, the best in the UK, and the International Central Climate Change and Development, based in Penetri University, Bangladesh, for not only organizing the CPA conferences, but also producing the Government of Uganda and its partnering institutions to host the 11th CPA Conference. We do not take this opportunity for granted. And sincerely, thank you for organizing Macquarie University's efforts to address climate change through research and participation in workshops of similar magnitude. The theme of the conference, balancing natural resources and the ecosystem of adaptation, is in line with the Global Development Agenda agreed on by world leaders to build resilient societies. The Global Development Agenda, as implied in the Sustainable Development Goals, is geared at transforming society. The conference theme focuses on empowering communities to use their own knowledge and system-making processes to take action on climate change. One of the six most important drivers of the transform society is a knowledge economy. It's gratifying that the Sustainable Development Goals have included education, broadly, as a proven vehicle for sustainability. As academic institutions, we are committed to adapt our training to address these issues related to sustainability. Ladies and gentlemen, we all appreciate that effective adaptation to climate change takes place at community level. A bottom-up approach to adaptation enables local knowledge and practices to be shared among communities, academics, and project managers, so that those most exposed impacts of climate change are better able to adapt. The vision of Mercury University is to be the leading mistrition of academic excellence and innovation in Africa, and our core functions are teaching and learning, research and innovations, as well as knowledge to transfer partnerships and the networking. This conference is therefore in line with Mercury's vision and core functions and their privilege to be part of it. I'm happy to report that in 2012, in 2012, the Mercury University Center for Climate Research and Innovations was launched in the courage of agricultural and environmental sciences to strengthen East African resilience and climate change adaptation capacity through training, research, and policy improvement interventions. Through Mercury University Center for Climate Research and Innovations, the university has brought together researchers and scientists from within and outside of Mercury, government officials and the society, and the private sector actors to collaboratively and locally address climate change, share information, and the programs of adaptation technologies and research. We are also using the Mercury University Center for Climate Research and Innovations as a vehicle to improve and support undergraduate, graduate diploma and postgraduate education in climate science, meteorology, and climate adaptation and mitigation. So, through you, Archive guests, I'd like to thank the government of Uganda for the support towards this conference. I thank also the authors who submitted papers, the conference, and especially, I'd like to take the opportunity to appreciate the keynote speakers for making the necessary preparations to be with us during this conference. This conference will not have been possible without the support of our sponsors, to file IEDEU in support of the parliament and grant IWI to mention but a few. I thank you all of you. Last but not least, I'd like to thank the National Organizing Committee for the great effort you have put in to ensure that the conference is successful. Mr. Benjamin, once again, welcoming to the 11th Community Based Adaptation International Conference. It's my sincere hope that you will have a fruitful conference for the good of mankind and for the good of our communities. I'd like to thank you very much.


Anyway, the Ayushman. Ayushman is a movie on Netflix, produced by Netflix, had a run at the theaters as well. I think in the more artsy theaters, has won some awards. Pymeleon Europe, I think, is probably up for an Academy Award, or will be up for an Academy Award. It's a four hour long movie. It's got a cast of, you know, some of the real heavyweights in terms of actors of the last, you know, 30, 40 years. Robert De Niro is the main guy, Al Pacino, John Pesky, Javi Cattel, Ray Romano. You know, anybody on screen is recognizable. I mean, they're all, they're all some of the great actors, you know, of the last 30, 40 years. And they all have played gangsters, right? They've all, they all have played gangsters. They've all been in gangster movies. This is a movie made by Martin Scorsese, Martin Scorsese, who made with, made quite a few movies with both Al Pacino in his youth, you know, and Robert De Niro. You know, the movie really, I think, that made Scorsese was, was Taxi Driver in the 1970s. And then there was, was there, there was the gangster movie, the Cuban gangster. And it made quite a few gangster movies. Robert De Niro, of course, from, from The Godfather on, Jo Pesky has started in a number of different gangster movies. And this is the Irishman is a gangster movie. It's a movie about the mafia. It's a movie about the mafia, and in particular specifically about the assassination of Jesus, of the, the Union boss, Hoffa. So it's, you know, for those of us who grew up in the, or remember the 70s and 80s, and the whole mystery about the disappearance of Hoffa, this is an attempt at kind of telling the story behind that. I don't know if it's based on fact. I don't know if it's complete, making it completely up with its fact or reality, but it is an attempt to tell the missing story of, of Hoffa and what happened to Hoffa and, and where he disappeared. I mean, these are great actors, acting generally is good. The problem with the acting is that because they want to use Robert De Niro throughout the entire movie, Robert De Niro, old Robert De Niro acts as young Robert De Niro. And it's like they try to make him up like he's younger, but it doesn't work. You know, it just looks like Robert De Niro, middle-aged to old Robert De Niro. So the timeline doesn't make any sense in terms of the appearance of the actors. They look old throughout. It looks like it's flat from a timeline perspective, even though they're trying to do lots of different flashbacks to lots of different periods. I think while the acting is good, it doesn't really work because it's unconvincing. But more importantly, the movie is super boring.  Sorry. It's a, I guess I must pronounce it to him, a complete and utter waste of time in my view. It's not worthy acting. Acting is good, but it's not that great. It is meandering. It is slow. It is completely naturalistic. Any element of romanticism, any element of choice, any element of heroism, any element of interesting choices that people might make, all gone, all gone. It is just plain boring, dull, and reflective of a certain attitude that is really, really, really, I think, bad about American culture. Now, you know, the Godfather were good movies. The Godfather were good movies. They had a plot. This movie has no plot. It's just, it's just this scene after scene after scene that kind of is leaning off his death, but doesn't add up logically too much. It's completely naturalistic. It's completely devout of interesting action, of choice, of hero, as I said, heroism. You know, the Godfather was a good morality tale. And if you, all three of them, and actually, and one of the few people who actually liked Godfather 3, it's dramatic. It's intense. It's surprising. It's, you know, the scene where, you know, towards the end of the movie where everybody gets, all these things happen all at once and everything, all the kind of stuff that's being planned comes together. It's just a work of genius. I mean, they're really, really great parts of the Godfather. And the Godfather has a clear morality play. It doesn't, it gives all the character choices from the, you know, the character of the son. I guess that's Al Pacino. Al Pacino, who has to choose between joining the family business, the mafia, or being a good guy, and following his, you know, listening to his wife and kind of staying out of the family business, which is what his intent is. To the Godfather himself, the kind of choices he has to make, given the circumstances he has, and it tells the backstory of how we got to where we are. All of it about choices that are made, consequence of choices, and ultimately, the complete disaster that a mafia life leads to, the complete suffering and, you know, falling apart of a mafia ridden family. I mean, I think it really is a good, good movie. It's the Godfather. Silly, enjoyable movies. I recommend all three of them. I recommend watching them close together so you can see kind of the sequence. The characters are interesting. Here it is boring. Nothing changes. And De Niro plays it boring. So he has almost the same look in his face, no matter what he's doing. If he's shooting somebody, or if he's, or if he's, and he pretends. The whole thing is like, shooting is no big deal. And the Godfather, shooting somebody is a big deal. There's a lot of discussion and debate about whether to do it. Not morally a big deal, but a big deal in terms of the existential consequences of this. Yeah, you just shoot people. And it's like, should we do it?  It's, it really is a terrible movie. I mean, Joe Pesci, Pesci, Pesci? Is that what? Pesci. Joe Pesci. His character is the ultimate mafia boss. But you have no sense of what that means. You have no sense. It's all kind of hush-hush. You kind of only see a little bit of the consequences, him and him picking up some money. But nothing, nothing of substance is ever discussed in any meeting. Nothing of substance is ever decided. Anyway, it's like, he's cross the line, kill him. You know, it's not, there's no, it's in the Godfather. There's strategy. People come up with strategies. And again, the accommodating scene, and in each movie, they do it differently. And I think brilliantly in all three of them. You know, in the Godfather 2, I think it is, or is it in one, where they're baptizing the baby. And while they're baptizing the baby, that is, new life is coming born. They're killing everybody around them. And they're taking control of the mafia empire. And there's just this strategy, there's thinking this, what are we doing? What do we have to do? And it's interesting.  In Irishman, the consequences are like, his daughter doesn't speak to him. And he kind of dies alone. Nobody's there. And they all seem to find religion towards the end of their life. Okay, I know lots of people whose children don't talk to them anyway. There's like this guy murdered people, lots of people. All these mafia guys, not a lot of them are mafia guys, because it's based on the true story. It tells you they were killed, they were this, okay. But there's no existential angst and suffering that happens in the Godfather. So it's almost like, here's, and it's told in this naturalistic way, here's a way to live. Here's one way to live.  And by the way, they extort people all the time, people hand them like envelopes of cash. And it's like, oh, thank you. Here's the cash. Thank you for giving me protection. It's like, there's no, these are bad guys.  There's none of that. They're not even glamorized. They're just normalized. Normalized. They're just, all of them are just like normal human being. You know, I wanted to advance my job and I want to make a little bit more money. So I figured out how to steal stuff. No big deal.  No consequences. Nobody cares. No bad stuff. No drama. No drama. By the way, the movie has zero drama. Zero drama. Yeah, he's stealing steaks. He's stealing beef. No drama. No, nothing. The consequence of him stealing beef is he gets promoted into the mafia and he gets, it becomes a hit man because hit men make more money than you can make stealing beef. And he makes money, but it's not like, it's not even like he's living big. No, he never lives big. You never get a sense that he has a lot of money. He's been killing all these people. So it's just like, he's just a normal guy who happened to have fallen into stealing steaks, moved him into assassinating people and he's the one who kills Jimmy Hoffa. Big deal. This is just the way the world works. Here I'm gonna tell you this story. Uninteresting, boring. I hope I just saved you four hours. It's a truly, truly awful movie. So not just, it's boring. It's dull. And it says something about a culture that likes this other than cheering, oh, we got to see Robert De Niro and Al Pacino in a movie together for the first time in a long time. Isn't this cool? I mean, that's okay. That I can see is cool. They been, they were in the Godfather. Then I think they were in a movie called Heat, which was actually a well made movie, morally, really, really corrupt, but a well made movie by the same director, by the way, who made The Last of Mohicans. But that was an interesting movie again. I don't know what it is that we, we like to watch gangsters. I guess there's a, is it Michael Mann? Yeah, it's Michael Mann. I guess we like to watch gangsters. We like, we like the idea that the people out there who living it. But in this case, the living it is like, if that's living it, who wants that? It's just none of its impress if you want to, they're not even glamorizing gangsters. They're just the guy next door. Pure naturalism and I think bad, bad and not even good naturalism, you know, really boring naturalism. Most naturalism is boring. So yes, I hated the Irishman. Please don't watch it. Don't waste your time. Now I know some people love it, but please don't waste your time. It's not worth the performances. Yeah, Al Pacino is pretty good at Jimmy Hoffa. Joe Pesci is good in his role. Robert De Niro is Robert De Niro. They're all good. But it just, it's just, in some parts of it don't even make sense. But I'm not even getting into that because it doesn't matter that it doesn't make any sense because the movie's not trying to make any sense. All right, that's my quick review of the Irishman. I give it a clear thumbs down. You know, I don't know, a four on a scale of 10, four only because it's fun to watch these actors as they age and you know, I guess I was curious what really happened to Jimmy Hoffa. So I watched it through. So I watched it through so you wouldn't have to. I hope you appreciate the sacrifice. I was literally, because I watched it in bits. I usually never do that. I would like to watch a movie all at once. I like the complete emotion in a movie. But this movie, I started watching and it was so boring, I had to stop. And I said, oh, but I should probably watch a little bit more. Maybe it gets better. So I watched a little bit more. And it's still boring as I stopped. And then it's, oh, I should do a review for this for the show. And if I'm going to do a review for the show, I better finish it. So just so you know, the kind of the kind of I'm kidding about sacrifice, the kind of hard work that anyway, that's why I watched it. I watched it for you.


The NHS is incredibly important to all of us. I believe it's our country's finest social achievement. A universal, national health service free at the point of use to all who need it paid for through direct taxation. It has cared for millions of us since 1948 and we are so fortunate to have it. But it's under threat. The government is pushing a bill through parliament that will tear our NHS up into a series of locally managed organisations based on a business model. Instead of it being a national public service. I believe that the government's plans will give private health companies, including American companies, the opportunity to undercut the national health service and that we will see more and more services delivered by big business with money that should be spent on patient care going into the pockets of shareholders. I also believe it will lead to a postcode lottery and an increase in rationing of services making it harder for people to get the treatment that they need and leaving people suffering in pain. It's incredibly important we all do whatever we can to save our NHS for ourselves and for future generations. We have an incredible fight on our hands and we need everyone to do whatever they can. So please go to yournhsneeduse.com and find out what you can do to help save our national health service.


Cezami is a research center in the Middle East. More precisely, Cezami is a synchrotron radiation facility. Synchrotron radiation is a broad band of electromagnetic radiation ranging from infrared to hard x-rays. And you can use these for a large variety of experiments in different kinds of sciences and applications, ranging from material science over biology to cultural heritage. It will promote science. It will establish quality science in the region. And definitely, the establishment of networks between scientists in the region and their colleagues and the other synchrotron labs around the world will definitely be enhanced. IAA has played a pivotal role in supporting Cezami and pushing Cezami forward in providing fellowships, scientific visits, expert missions to Cezami. IAA helped train our regulators in terms of regulating the safe operation of the machine.


This is stock number 10433. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used Dodge and Durango headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean, like new 2019 Dodge Durango GT Plus. This vehicle has the award winning 3.6 liter Pentastar V6 motor, has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop, has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. This Durango is 100% ready to go. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p, 60 frames per second. So if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device, turn them on right now because it is like you're right here looking at the vehicle with me. And definitely your best way to check out the vehicle quality and condition wise before seeing it in person. Redline 2, pearl coat is the color. If you want to check out more pictures of this vehicle in the upper right hand part of the screen is a link right to our website. And check out all the photos there. Has the 20 inch painted alloy rims, Bridgestone Acopia 265-6050 R20 tires with about, I'd say, 80 to 90% of the tread left. Didn't see any dents or dings on that front fender. Has the projector lamp headlamps, the LED running lights, and the LED fog lamps. As we come around the front here, front bumper is in excellent condition. Didn't see any dents, dings or cracks on that. And I didn't see any dents or dings on the hood. Passengers side fender is absolutely perfect. And the passenger side rim, no major scuffs or scrapes on that. As you go down this side of the Durango, you can see just how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror-like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle, you can still see the vehicle, hear the vehicle, and have confidence in the vehicle you're looking to purchase before you even get here. So when you do get here, there's absolutely no surprises. In fact, we offer a Summit Auto Fastpass in the upper right-hand part of your screen where you can apply for financing on this Durango, get pre-approved on this Durango, see a payment quote, or even appraise a trade or all for right on our website. So click that and check us out there. Back rim, absolutely perfect. And the back tires have just as much tread as the front tires. Wheel disc brakes on these Durangos. As we come around to the back, take note of how clean the rear bumper is. No dents, dings, or cracks on that. Has the dual rear exhaust, the backup parking sensors. The rear gate is in really nice shape as well. You'll notice the racetrack tail lamp, LED lighting there. Has the power lift gate and that opens with just pressing the button on there. Back storage area, very, very clean. These seats do fold down for extra storage and they come up like so. Got a storage bin under in there and that's where your jack tools are. To put this rear gate down, you press this button. It'll beep at you three times and then begin it to descend. Actually beeps a total of four times. And as you go down this side of the Durango, just as clean as that passenger side. For full disclosure, this back rim, no scuffs or scrapes on there. Very nice. Capless fuel fill as well. And on the rest of this side, I didn't see any dents or dings. Has the enter and go system so I got it locked right now.  You'll see that the door is unlocked. Has power heated mirrors with the built in directional signals. Power windows, power locks and power mirrors. Memory driver seat.  There are no rips. There are no tears on those seats. Power driver seat. Both these front seats are heated. Factory floor mats, auto headlamps, get the nice carbon fiber trim along there. And as we hop inside the vehicle, you can see that this one has 16,959 miles. You get the seven inch LCD display with the digital speedometer outside temperature and you got the clock in the upper left. You can change those to basically whatever you want, miles per gallon, miles to empty, all that good stuff. Has the heated leather wrap steering wheel, cruise controls on the right, Bluetooth and information center controls on the left. You got the paddle shifters up top and on the back are the audio controls. Push button, start. This one has the remote start on it as well. You get these seven inch Uconnect 4C radio so you get AMFM and Sirius XM radio capabilities. You also have Android Auto and Apple CarPlay capabilities. This is also where your backup camera shows up and that is a really nice high definition camera there as well with dynamic grid lines meaning that those lines turn as you turn the steering wheel. You can do your climate control here as well. This is also where you do your heated and cooled seats or I'm sorry, just your heated seats and heated steering wheel. You can also put those headrests in the back down and you can check out the backup camera even when you're in park. Dual climate control. You can do your climate controls down here if you don't like doing them up there. You can turn those backup parking sensors off. Has the start, stop capabilities, eco mode, sport mode and your stability control. Down here you get two USBs and an aux jack and the passenger seat and floor mats are in excellent shape as well. No rips or tears on them, the headliner is in excellent shape. This derango has never been smoked in and smells very clean inside. You also have your home link buttons right there for your garage door security systems and lighting systems and of course your map lights. We'll take a quick look at the back seats and then check out under the hood. Second row bench seating. These seats are heated on the outboard side meaning that the driver and passenger side seats are heated.  You get these suede and leather mixed back here. Factory floor mats. They're your heated seat buttons, two USBs and a 115 volt, 150 watt plug-in.  Those seats fold up like so. Back carpeting and seats are in really nice conditional rips or tears back there and just a really nice clean vehicle all the way around. Got the carbon fiber on the back doors and you do have the child safety locks on the back doors as well. We'll take a quick look under the hood and I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video. You will have been able to tell just how clean this Durango is all the way around inside and out. Under the hood we have the 3.6 liter Pentastar award-winning 3.6 V6 motor. Engine bay is very clean, runs very smooth. This Durango has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop. Has a fresh oil and filter change, all the fluids have been checked and topped off. Durango has been gone through mechanically 100% and is 100% ready to go. I would highly recommend it from a quality and condition standpoint. And to see more pictures of this Durango or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, rangos, you name it we got it go to our website www.summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations. All at www.summitauto.com. If you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to www.summitauto.com. Remember to like, subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. In fact in the second you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left. A link to more used inventory videos like this one on your right. If you have not been to our website on the bottom, a link to this vehicle on our website, click those, check us out and we really look forward to helping you with this like new 2019 Dodge Durango GT Plus. Thanks again.


Appalachian Wireless now has new forward pay pricing where you can pay up front and get the data and features you desire. 5 gigabytes of data, just $39.99. Unlimited, just $79.99. Better service, bigger savings. That's today's Appalachian Wireless. Yesterday, teachers from across the state marched on the state capitol in Frankfurt to protest actions taken by the legislature. Today, at schools around the region, it was the students' turn as they walked out of class in a show of solidarity with their instructors. I spoke with students and teachers at one school in Floyd County about the demonstration. Here's what they had to say. We heard that there would be school and it was sort of confusing at first. We weren't sure if every teacher would be there or not. But we all collectively, as students, decided it's not okay. What's going on, it's just not okay. They would fight for us and it was our turn to show our love and affection towards them and support them in any way that we can possibly do. I think the root of all the issues is people don't know how to talk and compromise and show empathy towards others. And that's what we need to work on. That's what Matt Bevin, the governor, needs to work on. He needs to acknowledge these voices that are voicing their opinion about all this situation. And he needs to listen. We all sort of got into a big group and collectively decided that we're going to sort of rebel and leave second period. And we ended up in the gym. And to our surprise it was a lot more in support than what we thought. I really sincerely thought, as a teacher, that a lot of kids were just going to do it again in class. I mean, if I'm just being completely transparent with you.  We can show our support for teachers. It was such an affirming experience to have that kind of support from your peers, but also the kids and the sincerity of it. I would tell them that this is wrong. But I could also say why because they ain't no money left. But education, it shouldn't be the first thing they think to cut off the list. Teachers have been nothing but respectful at this point. They have executed their right of peaceful protest perfectly.  And that's not it at all. Reporting from Floyd Central High School, I'm Ralph Davis for EKB News.


An important aspect of NBC training is to test trainees for their proficiency. Any group of soldiers can be tested by using a variation of the round robin type of testing procedure. It is called a round robin because the test stations are located in a circular pattern. This procedure can be modified to meet the proficiency requirements of any group. There may be more or less stations depending upon the scope of the test and the availability of personnel and land area. Although it is conducted by groups for administrative convenience, the test is designed to challenge and grade each trainee for his individual proficiency in response to an NBC hazard or problem. Gentlemen, we're here at an NBC warfare. The subject we'll discuss today will be the NBC proficiency test. The NCOs behind me will be your station operators. You are divided into groups. You will remain with your group throughout the test. The map shows six test stations. However, each man will be tested on all the stations one through five. Gentlemen, it behooves you to attain the highest grade possible today. And remember that what you learned here today in the case that NBC warfare has ever initiated may save your life. Each station is located in an isolated area beyond side of any other station. It is manned by one or more cadre personnel acting as station operators. The station operator must be thoroughly familiar with the function of his station, the equipment necessary, and the proper procedures for conducting the test. The approach to each station is marked by an appropriately identified staging area where each group is assembled. Each trainee carries a score sheet containing his name, rank, and any other information deemed necessary. Okay, we're going to be going to the station one at a time. But first, I want to take your scorecard. Okay, good. The score sheets are made up to conform with the number of test stations. I want you to hold on to these sheets. When you come to each station, the operator will grade you on the spot. The grades will be based upon the averages once you've completed all five stations. Is there any questions? Yes. What's the first test about? I can't tell you. Part of the test is to see how you react to a surprise situation. But I will repeat what was said at the briefing. Always be alert in case of any NBC situation. First man ready! Let's go! Okay, you see before you a display of Stain Egg NBC Warning Markers. You will examine the markers and identify those which are correct. You have three minutes. Begin. It is important that the same instructions are read to each trainee. This assures a standard and objective test for each man. It is important that station operators do not deviate from the written text. Let me see. It's that one. Oh, that one. And this one right here. Correct for five points. For another five point, explain what additional information should be written on the Stain Egg NBC Marker and on what side of the marker it would appear. I guess they have something on the date. A maximum score is allowed for each of the stations using any arbitrary point system. The time of the initial explosion. A value of ten can be used. In addition, each trainee is graded promptly by the station operator who also informs the trainee of the correct answer to any question or problem he may have answered incorrectly. Your score for this station is seven points out of a possible ten points. Why, Sergeant? It should have included the date and time, nature of hazard, and it would be written on the front. It's not a matter of flunking. It's a matter of testing your overall proficiency, and that will be done after you've completed all five stations. Go to the next waiting area and wait until all members of your group have completed this station. It is important that trainees know when they are right and when they are wrong in each test and that all incorrect responses be corrected before leaving a test station. You see before you a display of Stain Egg NBC warning markers. You will examine the markers and identify those which are correct. You have three minutes. Begin. A guide's responsibility is to make sure the group stays together and moves from one station to another according to plan. He must refrain from discussing the tests and maintain an objective and detached attitude. That's all about anyway. Save your questions for later. At the end of this exercise you'll find out what your scores are. Remember, this is not a game to see who wins or loses. You only compete against yourselves. The same objective methodical procedure is carried out at each of the test stations. On the table before you is an M17 series protective mast. Assume that you have just been issued this mast. Inspect it carefully and state what defects are present if any. You have three minutes. Each station operator must be equipped with a stopwatch or watch with a sweep second hand in order to time the test. By setting a time limit for each test the trainee is confronted with the urgency of quickly responding to the NBC hazard and the test exercise is kept moving. The optimum time allowed to each trainee is one of the facts that is determined by pre-testing. Sergeant, your eye lens outside is missing. Your head harness is okay. Your nose cuff has been unbuttoned.  Outside of that, everything else is okay. Your score is now up 10. Accurate record keeping is essential for testing to be done authentically and impartially. In this season, each station operator must himself be proficient in the NBC equipment and techniques used at his station. This is another factor determined during the planning and pre-testing phase of the exercise. All right, send the next man in. Advanced preparation and tryout are also necessary to assure that all test equipment or props are available and that each test is entirely workable within the allowable time limit. Some tests may require more than one station operator as well as specialized equipment to create realism. For example, a simulated nuclear attack can be presented in a dramatic manner by two station operators and a few simple props. I think you were a little too fast. Give the next guy a little time to wonder what's happening and then blast it. Okay, I'll wait 30 seconds longer before I hit the switch. All right, stand by. Send in the next man. Your unit is bib-wack during a braking combat. Although there has been no enemy NBC attack, your unit has been alerted to such a possibility. Look over this terrain.  You will sit down on the edge of your foxhole facing me and begin to strip and inspect your weapon. Continue to do so until you experience a hazardous condition. Each test must be designed to bring about a desired response to a question or a problem. In this case, the test subject will be suddenly exposed to the simulated flash of a nuclear explosion. The desired response is for the trainee to take immediate protective action. He has been alerted to an NBC hazard, but he does not know which hazard it may be or when it may occur. What was that? It could have been a flash of a nuclear detonation. You can come up now. Why did you jump into the foxhole? I jumped into the foxhole to protect myself from flash burns and because it was the closest cover available. What would you do next? I'd remain in the foxhole until a shockwave has passed and flying objects have stopped. And next? I'd dust myself off and put my weapon back together. Anything else? I would check out all my equipment and continue my mission. Although each trainee may use different words in response to the same questions, the station operator must be capable of objective evaluation and scoring each man on the basis of his evident proficiency. I'm giving you eight points out of a possible ten. Why, Sergeant? Because you failed to recognize the flash of a nuclear detonation. Pick up your gear and move out to the next waiting area. Next man! Hold out your hand. Proficiency testing can be made both interesting and meaningful when individuals are directly challenged with an NBC problem. You will assume that in passing through the brush, you have contaminated your hand with VX. Demonstrate what action is necessary for you to avoid becoming a casualty. A problem like this confronts the trainee with an immediate decision. What protective action should he take first? Decontaminate his skin or put on the mask? The station operator must of course know which action should come first and why. Obviously the trainee should first mask, then use the decontamination kit. He will not pass this test, but he will be told the correct answer and why. Do I have to wait the whole minute? No, ignore all time for this test. I'm going to give you five points out of a possible ten. You should have put on your mask before you used your kit. By adequate pretesting and planning, the entire test can be carried out smoothly and efficiently, with each group ready to pass through a station as soon as it has been cleared by a preceding group. You will assume that you are in control and that intelligence has stated that an NBC attack is probable. You will continue down this trail and take whatever protective action is necessary if you encounter an NBC attack. Begin your patrol. The number of stations and types of tests are entirely arbitrary and may vary from an elaborately staged nuclear blast to a simple problem in efficient masking. In any event, each test must require a specific response to a specific problem in NBC proficiency, usually within a limited time frame. In addition, each separate response should be given a definite value in scoring. One single test may be scored for full value or it may be divided into increments, which total the full value. This decision is made by the test supervisor. Good. I'm giving you ten out of ten. I'll keep your score sheet.  Thank you. No matter how many stations are involved, all NBC proficiency testing should be followed by a general critique. This should be planned to take place as soon as possible while the tests taken and lessons learned are still fresh in the minds of both trainees and station operators. Overall, you did well on the test. As a unit, you would be able to survive an NBC attack and continue your mission. But some of you would have become casualties and may have died. And I believe that each of you is aware of any mistakes or errors he may have made. Now is the time to clear up any doubt you may have as to your ability to survive an NBC attack. If not, speak out. Ask questions. You have a question, Private Sledder? Sergeant, we didn't have anything about a biological attack. Does that mean there is less chance of having a biological attack than a chemical or a nuclear attack? Good question. The answer is no. If an enemy resorts to a chemical or nuclear attack, he is just as likely to initiate a biological attack. You would respond to a biological attack by immediately masking, buttoning all clothes, using insect repellent, and avoiding all foodstuffs which may have been contaminated. We did not include a biological problem because we did not have time. Any other question? Sergeant, we know how to decontaminate the skin, but how about the eyes? How do we decontaminate them? That's also a very good question. I'm glad you brought it up to some people here that may not know the answer to that. You can damage your eyes if you don't know what you're doing. The simple thing to do, if you get contamination in the eyes, take your canteen, unscrew the cap, lean your head over to the side, and flush the eyes with water. Any other question? If not, Sergeant, take charge of two. Formation, gentlemen. Formation. Periodic NBC Proficiency Testing is important for two reasons. One, it provides unit commanders with an objective method of evaluating the efficiency of NBC training programs. And two, it provides the individual soldier an opportunity to develop confidence in his own ability to respond effectively and efficiently to some of the practical problems in coping with the hazards of nuclear, biological, or chemical warfare.


Lena and her CCN, also known as Lena the Plug, is a social media sensation having over 650,000 subscribers on YouTube and over 700,000 subscribers across other social media platforms. Welcome to World's Best Videos. We've compiled the list of facts about YouTuber Lena the Plug. Let's get into it. Lena was born and raised in Glendale, California. She's Armenian. She grew up in a prominently Christian church environment. She mentioned that growing up, sex wasn't spoken about. Even watching Boy Meets World would get her in trouble because of the kissing scenes. Her family is aware of what she does and doesn't accept it. She's a lot shorter than expected. She is 5'1". Her biggest regret in high school was not becoming a cheerleader. She says that she most likely wouldn't have made the cheer team because she was very uncoordinated. She also mentions that in high school she wasn't desired by any guys. She says that she was overweight and she had a big nose and had braces. She graduated from the University of California, Santa Cruz with the GPA of 3.69 in 2013. She studied psychology. She wanted to continue graduate school but couldn't afford the hefty $80,000 fee. During her years in college, she becomes best friends with a girl and they become very close. So close that they get into a relationship and date for four years. As of February 1st, 2017, she is in a relationship with Adam Grand Mason, also known as Adam22. He is the owner of the channel NoJumper and they have been together since September 2016. They met when she was working at her old job and they requested her to reach out to podcasters and radio hosts. She emailed NoJumper and went above and beyond and slid into Adam's DMs. She got the name Linda the Plug by being able to get things that were unobtainable. Her boss started calling her the Plug. Linda's old co-workers concluded that her social media name stuck. She agreed to change her name to Linda the Plug and has stuck with it since. Linda's worked as the head of music at the startup Arsenic. When working there, she gained knowledge on social media and marketing. It dawned upon her to apply the same techniques she is doing for models and influencers to her own social media. She says that she is a Snapchat cam girl.  She says that she will release a sex tape when her and her boyfriend's channel hit 1 million subscribers. Well that concludes the video guys, hopefully you guys did enjoy it and if you did remember to smack that like button, let us know in the comment section below what you'd like to see next and if you haven't already subscribed please do subscribe to keep up with the world's best videos.