G'day folks, my name's Ed or Fuzz and this is a talk on exploring the 802.15.4 attack surface. So the talk I had for today is really more of an exploration from knowing absolutely nothing to knowing enough to get a bit of a familiarity and understanding with what's out there and start driving follow-on activities. So I run my own cybersecurity practice in Sydney Australia which I've been doing for the last few years, been pentesting for a number of years as well, but I'm also now lecturing down at the the Defence Force Academy in Canberra. So this was a photo a friend of mine sent through a little bit earlier this morning where we had the minister visit. That's kind of the guy that heads up stuff around cybersecurity Australia for from the government side of the house. Funnily enough we had our labs and of course we had things going ping so the everyone that attended was was very interested in some of the stuff that we were doing.  So I think we've found a bunch of O-day in a number of our classes and that students have just purchased equipment and brought it in. Earlier this year we had a device from Costco that I decided to pick up that we found a couple of bugs on the HTTP interface. This was a home alarm system that the arm and disarm commands were sent by an app to HTTP interface that could be sent without authentication. So a little late last year one of my students was like hey look it's awesome we're working the 802.11 space it's awesome we're working in 433 to 435 megahertz. Can we start doing ZigBee and it was well yeah okay what ZigBee. So as I was starting to go through a lot of my prep activity for this for this it was well there's heaps of ZigBee stuff out there but this really starts for a part of the 802.15.4 standard which deals with networks that are designed for low power high interoperability and reliability of which during the explorations and you'll see a few those a little bit later there are different networks out there LW measures one I've seen a lot of my way not so much low pair not so much but ZigBee all of a sudden started become of course the common one and the one that was fairly widely adopted. So what are some characteristics about this it does operate on the 900 megahertz and 2.4 gigahertz ISAM M bands that being said that doesn't mean your network cards will actually connect with it it was funny I was actually doing a heap of write-ups on some of the research I was doing to which a student had a to which a an observer had just said well yeah you can just do this with a pineapple right yeah okay other facts as well you'll typically find that there's a bridge to a control point or an internet connection off the back of which well you'll probably find somewhere on that how well that bridge some sort of HDP interface that's probably going to be vulnerable you also note that there's actually limited user interaction on the hardware so it could just be something as simple as a button push or a or a couple of buttons and that's it with a lot of the other other control features taking place in other parts you also find that they're the low power devices low interaction low traffic as well which of course can lead to low security the low traffic one I think was quite interesting from a discovery standpoint for the places I was researching around in that actual capture and identification proved to be difficult as we were trying to do more drives and map out all sorts of networks so yeah so as I noted they're picking stuff up start to become quite difficult but at the end of the day it's a wireless network and we will have the exact same issues in this same environment as we've had for last hundred and fifteen years which will either be we can impersonate we can monitor we can replay we can jam all those same fundamental issues that we have with wireless security are still there and so this was a little map I drew up to get my head around alright what can we do and how can we we start doing any sort of targeted stuff on this on this network so power consumption and was one that came up quite interesting in that because a lot of these networks have independent power sources either be operated by battery and are quite are quite constrained by that any sort of heavy interaction could drain power and they could actually present a risk the the fry one was interesting in that this came up in a discussion I had with someone who does research in electronic warfare is I well if you think about it the nature of the devices means that it's quite they can only really receive so much power anything above that could actually damage the devices off the back of this we then still have our same consistent attacks of things such as jamming monitoring even locating networks as well and these will stay quite quite consistent so whilst I was trying to prepare for this hey let's do to be let's actually start writing into the course I was struggling to find a lot of information out there so there's some really cool stuff by way of of the the killer B framework and some of the research right has done but identifying products that we can research outside of light bulb started to prove difficult and then even getting an understanding of what these were was where I started to find things were falling short I also had to start practicing some of the tool sets that I wanted to introduce to a lot of my students it was also another piece of game I head around capture and analysis as well of what would that look like and how could that be structured into a course and also at the end of the day I want to do something practical and relevant and fun that wasn't some sort of theoretical literature review or something that could be gurgled so I kind of started resorting to well let's start actually exploring what is out there so that could start evolving a piece of so that we could actually start evolving something for students to train with so in terms of software you have the existing killer B platform which which is actually pretty cool and then you also have a heap of software that you get from manufacturers things such as Texas instruments have some pretty pretty decent stuff out there terms of the hardware so you'll see the RZ Raven which allows us to transmit and receive which is pretty cool but finally enough the the easiest the easiest piece of hardware I found to play with was this Texas instruments receiver on the the top left of the screen there I've also procured a another device from Europe which is a COO open sniffer so I'm going to be playing with that as things start to evolve that will allow us to also work in the in the 900 mega Hertz ISM band whereas the other two devices are really only focused on on 2.4 gigahertz so what did this start to look like as I was doing research so my first setup was simply a a nexus 5 with the the RZ Raven all I was doing was walking around polling out for networks now the issue I have here is or one of the issues I did start to discover was that only a handful of networks would actually would actually respond to any sort of polling out that that the actual that was actually getting done the other problem you have as well is if you think about it your devices also having to do channel hopping it's having to do it across up to 16 frequencies so if you're walking along an urban environment where you mainly have a couple of yet we mainly have a couple of meters to to actually transmit and also receive on you're probably not going to be able to capture everything this was really cool from an introductory standpoint just walking up one of the main streets in in Sydney in Australia there was an air conditioning unit outside of a rather large financial institution there was also a heap of shopping malls as well so there were actually a fair few devices that that responded to to be king so what became evident off the back of that was well what if we did a proof of concept where we were able to set up with even just a couple of the text instruments on calls and and just receive off them also at this time I was playing with receiving off both the RZ Raven and the CC 2531 dongles off text instruments and I was identifying that the TI kit was actually quite reliable for for doing captures off that and that at five dollars it's actually a far better the five dollars I picked it off from somewhere it was far more reliable that at receiving then the RZ Raven I purchased so off the back of this I decided to put together a very simple proof of concept for for capture now the software I was using I was still using the so I was using both software from TI as well as the killer bee framework to to start coming around and hunting for networks and just off this setup alone a couple of the issues I was encountering was around power so being able to power all the USB status to prove quite difficult another issue I was having was just having the software remain stable and reliable on either the Nexus or on the the pies was also proven quite quite irritating relative to stuff I was doing off the back of a laptop but off the back this we're able to say hey well we've been able to map out a few spaces just within the city of our office so things things actually worked quite well and off the back this we're able to start building things out a little bit more so this is where I decided to get 16 dongles one for each channel there's also a really cool tool I discovered on GitHub also is going through however I did notice that being able to to the outputs from the the tool set were starting to prove a little bit frustrating so I had to actually start writing up a few scripts convert that so that we could do some proper analysis also the the actual pie and the Nexus were struggling to support all 16 all 16 dongles so I decided to go back to my laptop to support all these dongles which actually worked out quite quite well so off the back of this I started doing a whole heap of wall driving around Canberra and Sydney this was the results for about 90 minutes in Canberra I just popped up a QR code if you want to check it out I'll leave that up there for a bit but just to give you a bit of an explanation of Canberra and what's actually around Canberra you'll see you've got the lake there to the south of which you have the parliamentary triangle and a whole heap of federal government buildings and to the north of it you kind of have the the commercial center of Canberra so what was quite interesting around this and it was a consistent thing I was noticing across both Sydney and Canberra was that a lot of hotels and hotel locks all were beating out or all were transmitting and transmitting quite a lot so this actually became a really interesting characteristic to track was a hotel lock would be communicating and just sending stuff out and in this case you could actually see two different hotels this one here is also a little bit interesting and I'm getting someone shaking their head at me in the audience right now so one of the so one of those buildings is Department of Foreign Affairs which is also our Department of State the problem is though if you would have a look if you have a look I also did a couple of loops around this building because I was seeing a lot of traffic on the southeast side of it which I'm pretty sure is associated with the three or four hotels that are nearby and then also somewhere around Parliament House I started picking up a few a few more of these so how did Sydney look so I thought it would be a fantastic date night to go for a bit of a war drive and Deb's laughing in the corner there so I thought it would be a fantastic date night to go for a bit of a war drive and introduce my girlfriend to what this is war driving so we managed to pick out 3,698 packets over three and a half hours before before dinner what was interesting here was Star City which is the only casino in in Sydney was there was a heap of traffic we saw around there but there was also Harris Street so Harris Street is also where there's a whole heap of data centers in Sydney I believe say again global switch thank you so global switch and two or three others are down there so this is also a brand new precinct that's also being built in Sydney recently so we can see with a new construction development some new facilities being put up and they've obviously got the greatest and greatest tech so there was a lot of traffic around here that that was that we identified be mindful though this is only after about a few minutes driving past each of these that we're able to at least just identify some of these networks so off the back of this and saying yep cool we've found stuff we can start saying well this is what we understand is occurring in these buildings based on what we know about the premises off the back of this we can start doing things such as as much large collection and mapping out what is occurring and then maybe notionally planning for any attack or or exploitation which at the end of the day this is stuff that I don't actually own so one of the things I have been doing a lot of off the back of this is building out what I call capture devices so this is a solar power plant in New South Wales and this is a raspberry pi with a battery pack and a couple of a couple of dongles connected to it which and a note for anyone who decided to find it just say hey call me if you see this but yeah we were able to just leave this setting outside a solar power plant for about 24 36 hours to see what we could actually see so I managed to get about a 60 megabyte p-cap off the back of this found some cool stuff nothing major but it's you know enough for us to start thinking through all right well what can we identify here off the back of this what can we start doing so after all of this identification and large-scale capture I've now started to identify as much tech as I can online to start purchasing and start building out labs and stuff so a simple typing into Ali Baba of Zigbee has brought up a whole heap of vices for subsequent research so I'm probably going to be doing a lot more large-scale what I would call large-scale capturing analysis throwing out a lot more pies to actually collect information on now that I have a bunch of devices that I purchased I should actually start to do it do a few more target attacks on them I'm also trying to work out can I actually have four students in emulated environment off the back raspberry pies will we just replaying traffic that with either captured or simulated and even probably building out a few more of the tools that's I mean at the end of the day there's a lot of existing tool sets out there it's turning into how do you apply apply those to the environments that you're testing that that I think really became one of the things I started doing over the last six months to work out well this is what we'll be doing for our students so this is very much still an evolving piece for me so hopefully I'll be having a lot more over the next six to twelve months if you have any questions if you have any thoughts or or you know even any suggestions feel free to email me also my business is available by the QR code as well if you want to touch space or or chat guys thanks for having me yeah are there any questions nope everyone's tired thank you


I thought that it was a very good performance from the lads, I thought it was a solid performance. I wanted to be very happy of and proud of considering our run that we've been on. But it was good to see that after going from one lap to one all, that the boys grounded it through and we ended up being a result. It's a great feeling always representing this club, it's a massive club and it was one that I'll always remember defending our Champions League title against the Antlers and it was a great experience one that I'll never forget. I think our performance in the A-League have been very good and just haven't been scoring the final product. So it's good that we've got three goals in the Champions League and we're off to a great start. It credits the boys as well for finishing them in a pressure situation so three goals is always a good outcome. To be honest, from behind the boys I've seen that we were very solid and that we sort of gifted them that goal but I always had faith and belief that we would get through the game and that we would come out on top and that's what would happen. The boys dug in and we all stayed together and that's the reason why we got the result. That's what it's about, being a professional footballer, it's all about playing games and in big games. We've got the Sydney Derby, one that I'd love to win and one that all the boys would love to win and then we go on to Guangzhou but we take it one step at a time and our next focus is Sydney and one that we must win.


Good evening and welcome to episode 377 of the private property podcast on your host, Osamando Oaxamilo. I suppose the edition of the property podcast is for journalists. For the first time, where have you been? You've been listening out on the best and the only daily property show in South Africa catering to your property needs. Do make sure that you go to our Facebook or our YouTube page to catch up with all the great episodes that you have already missed out on. And to all our regular viewers at home from, you know, watching us on Instagram and YouTube on Facebook, welcome to it. You know how we do every single weekday. You and I have an appointment at 7 p.m. We're always in conversation with a property expert who helps us navigate our property journey. Doesn't matter where you are in the property journey, we sit here to hold your hand and make sure that you get your answers, your questions answered rather from our topic experts. And talking about different kinds of shows that you can look forward to. It is, of course, eight Thursdays. So later on this evening, you can look forward to, you know, bringing you the farming podcast. And that's going to be coming to your screens at 8 p.m. And you can catch them by the same time on Tuesdays with the farming podcast. Always talking agriculture and every Monday's and Friday's chat brings me to home shoppers show where he's always taking us through incredible properties that you can find on www.carbonproperty.co.za. And, of course, on Wednesdays, Esther Carson brings her the first time home by show. But she's always in conversation with people who have not only walked that first time home by journey, but have gone on to grow their property portfolios from stream to stream. But those are great shows that you can look forward to every single weekday at 8 p.m. Do make sure that you sit to your alarms and tune in to those shows. And one of the other great things that we have growing, of course, is on our Facebook page. We were running an incredible competition. And all you have to do to send a chance of walking away with 500 drens in cash every single day right here on the private property podcast with myself is an underworld commando. Is to make sure you go comment on the pinned post on our Facebook page. Want to find out some of the great property advice that you have picked up along the way. And if we call out to you on the show, all you have to do is to drop us a message down here below to claim your prize. That certainly is that easy to walk away with some cash prizes. And I'm already seeing the great love that we're getting on our Facebook page and through sending those green hearts when we see we're sending them a better out of the chain also sending some love to keep the love coming this evening. As we tackle a topic that I absolutely love, because one of the big things with property is the properties finance, but properties also law. So you really need to understand the legal implications when we talk all things property and the different things that you need to always be aware of.  But this time we're going to be looking at understanding the different types of property contracts that you're going to encounter. When you're looking to buy or to sell, those are the major contracts that we're going to be looking at. What you need to be aware of. Some of the do's and don'ts when we talk about that. And of course also looking into the bond papers that you're going to sign with the financial institution that's going to be financing your property. I know how intimidating those papers can be. There are usually so many things going on there. You don't quite know where to start and really I'm talking a little bit about what you can expect and of course how you can certainly make sense of it all. And how does it get a good sense of the different types of property contracts this evening I'm joined by Zina Tussin who is a partner at Denton's Zina Tussin evening. And thank you so much for joining us on the show. Good evening Zana. Thank you so much for joining me. I'm going to be on your show and I'm very excited to interact with all of your viewers. It's such a pleasure to have you with us Zina. I think the biggest place where Black History Club starts with our conversation this evening is to understand just how important it is for viewers at home to get a sense of the legal implications when it comes to their property chain. Because I think as I was saying to you, oftentimes we think we can just change our minds and this is whether you're looking to buy or looking to sell sometimes even when you're a tenant but you know we're not going to look too much into the tenant side but we're looking to buy and looking to sell and perhaps you've got an estate agent that's saying just quickly sign it's okay you can pull out perhaps just almost paint a picture of what the severity of signing any legal document any document for that matter when you are on your home ownership journey. I'm so glad you asked that question Zana. You know when you're buying a property it's always so exciting you're going to view something you really like you're setting a home you have great expectations of your transaction and we sometimes get carried away and we don't understand the legal ramifications of what we're getting into so yes you are very creating that the agreements that you sign are fundamental they're very important they're not the document you're signing has legal repercussions you're binding yourself to an agreement with the other party to either buy or to sell reveal these conditions in the agreement that you undertake to abide by to fulfill and it is not a simple case of you know I'll sign the agreement and I think about it and I check my mind in two days time I'll be able to walk away it isn't that simple we find it so often the clients you know have a change of heart and then you look to us to say I want to get out how do I get out but I don't want to have to suffer the repercussions they are legal ramifications their cost implications if you want to try and get out and it's not as simple as you think it is you then have to find a way of legally terminating the agreement which comes with its own consequences so I definitely agree the clients purchases and sellers need to make sure that they get the proper legal advice there's nothing wrong with stealing the u.s. state agent that I want to have the time to read through this document get my attorney to look through it give me some personal advice and then conclude it don't be hasty it's a very big step that you're taking and it comes with legal ramifications and you know Zina I'm actually so glad that you also pointed out that there are legal ways to terminate you know these contracts and we'll look at that a little later on because I think that there are certain circumstances where really as the buyer you're very clear that you can no longer continue the transaction or perhaps as the seller you becomes very clear that you can no longer continue the transaction for whatever reason right and exploring what those legal channels are and also understanding you know the financial implications of you know that determination is also equally important but before I wanted to look at the offer to purchase because this is usually the very big starting point and often the very first sort of big contract that many of us are going to encounter when you're looking to buy a property and we've spoken about the offer to purchase on different occasions on the show but when we look at it from a contractual perspective what are some of the do's and don'ts from you know as a buyer that you need to just top of mind be aware of when you get that offer to purchase or let's say even up to view the house and you're still not quite you know certain if you want it or not and you may have an estate agent who you know hypes you up and says look the property's in demand if like other people coming to view and we know a lot of them you know do this so what are some of the key do's and don'ts as a prospective buyer should you be aware of when it comes to the offer to purchase I say the very first thing is make sure you read and understand the contents of the offer before you sign it if you don't understand it get legal advice they're not always in the simplest English terms and it's important that you understand what you're signing so read carefully before you put your signature to it the other thing that I always tell uh purchases and I see this happening quite often everything that you agree on with your seller with your agent make sure that it's recorded in the agreement because if there's something that is agreed upon not recorded in the agreement it becomes very difficult to enforce it thereafter so make sure that you include it in the agreement make sure that you keep a copy of the agreement after you sign it very important because if you need to refer back to it and you don't have a copy and the party is getting to some sort of legal tussle very difficult to vignette contract a copy out so that we can have regard to it so I think those are the first three things that popped in my mind if you if you don't understand it never feel shy to ask advice make sure you understand what you're signing before you sign it and that's such a big one there's no such thing as a stupid question especially when you could have just how big a commitment this is and regardless of how much you're going to be spending on your property this is a priority and not many of us do this regularly enough to be confident uh that we you know know every step of the way now you know one of the things that you actually mentioned and and I like this one because we we you know have a conversation with the estate agent uh sometimes when you're viewing or even have a second viewing that you want it's a why you're included or you want the thing to you ask is it going to come with this we know fixtures tend to be some of those unfortunate things where some silencers end up removing certain aspects uh or certain items that are on the property that reports are going to come with the property would you look at just some of the things that we should probably include uh you know as we sort of agree perhaps just share a few things that when you see it and you're viewing that you would forget to actually include because as I'll say we know with fixtures that that's quite a big one uh with somebody we end up taking out part of the entertainment area because they use you know very expensive finishes but when we actually look at things that people would typically forget to rather put in that OTP as opposed to just having that verbal conversation with their estate agent what are some of the key things I could say listen put it in there you know you forget this but make sure that you do actually include it I think the key thing is um you have the conversation with the estate agent but make sure the seller is in the conversation as well because your agent is facilitating the transaction but your transaction is at the end of the day with your seller so make sure that you know the communication channels are open um in terms of what to include in the offer um you know the rule of thumb is when you when you walk through a property um everything that's affixed to the property it stays with the property so for example entertainment um Bryce five uh entertainments enter that's built into the property cannot be removed um uh curtain rails cannot be removed things like that anything that if you move from the property takes away from the property damages the property in any way cannot be removed but if you're walking through the house and you see the curtains are made go really well with the with the lounge um you know if you want it arrange with the seller that you're going to pay export and include it in the offer um there's a clause in every offer to purchase by and large that says that this agreement is the full agreement and so if you include it in the agreement and you subsequently come to your attorney and say that the seller told me he was going to put curtains with the property it's very difficult for your attorney to enforce that it's next to impossible because you've got that clause in the agreement that says this is the whole agreement so um I would say make sure that everything you discuss is is recorded in the agreement make sure to inspect the property carefully understand what it is that you buy and what it is that you're getting and what you're not getting what is the seller taking with him and that's such a key one I think you know make sure you include everything in writing uh and in the offer to purchase itself because I think the email alone is not sufficient and as you point out you know that sometimes you may be having this email correspondence or WhatsApp correspondence with the estate agent but you actually want to make sure that the owner is also aware of whatever it is that estate agent is agreeing to and then of course it will be included um in the offer to purchase I'm saying all the love that you're getting on our social media pages Josh uh Valdevil uh watching us on Facebook uh Zalfa Kasim also watching us doing Facebook sending those screen cards Mark Rashimang is sending a comment saying read read read that contract get it checked by the legal practitioner that's actually important one I think often a lot of attorneys you're very happy to have a quick look at it because you also understand that uh not a lot of people uh you know understand it and you'll find that if anything I mean I've come across many attorneys who actually even just see that for free in terms of just a quick read and they'll say look this be careful of this that and that and that's it because more often than not uh that's it doesn't even take them that long you know offer to purchase agreements aren't usually 50 pages long and they would know key things to quickly look out for and just bring to your attention and a comment here coming through from O'Donnell to Sishok I'll say it's better to read property contract repeatedly until they understand before making a decision and that's such such a big one um and I want us to take a quick break uh to see who the lucky winner this evening is of that competition that we run every single week right here on the property project with myself because I'm going to come back we're going to be looking at the the the contract you entered into with the financial institution because this is one that we don't talk about enough uh it's very overwhelming I mean dealing with banks is also just so overwhelming and you get it and you just think let me initial every page sign it at the end as opposed to really getting a good grasp of what it is you're signing up for key things to look for as you're reading um those bond papers before of course ultimately bring through to the attorneys and signing the physical um uh papers as well but let's take that quick break and see who the lucky winner this evening is and that lucky winner this evening is Dina Periachi Dina Periachi is the lucky winner excuse me for pronouncing your name so terribly uh Dina I do hope that you are watching if you are drop us a message down here below we've got 500 rounds in the money bag that is up for grabs for you this evening so do make sure that you drop us a message in order to claim your price and as you continue the conversation and understanding different types of property contracts I'm joined this evening by uh Zina Tversun who is the partner at Dentons and really exploring what you need to be aware of some of the do's and don'ts and of course the importance of you understanding um any contract that you're going to sign especially on your home ownership journey now Zina I think let's look then at the bond because I think that is the one that is just so intimidating you know you've gone through the trouble of doing different properties and you finally found the one that you love and you go and you sign this offer to purchase and you're even happy with the way you've negotiated the purchase price you've negotiated let's say you wanted extra things to be included or to be left in the property so really happy with that you've now got this offer to purchase that you sent to the bank and you're even happy with say the different kinds of offers that different banks are you giving or sending your way and the other brand paper the quote that they usually first thing for you to accept that okay you're actually going to uh take bank a or b or whatever the case is and then when we first just look at the quote let's look at how binding that quote is because before we obviously get to the point because in self you first you know uh sign the quote how binding is that quote can you after four days of having signed it then wake up and say yeah actually no no no I don't want to go ahead with let's say bank with this particular bank going to change banks or I just want to you will stop this process altogether so yes you're quite right um the process of the bond um registration is quite important I mean you walk into the attorney's office and you have a stack of papers in front of you the property taking the better part of an hour to sign it is very very intimidating um the key thing with the documentation you quite rightly point out is make sure again that you read and understand everything and I'm glad that I'm going to get the opportunity to shed some light on that in terms of the quotation um you get the quotation issued by the bank the quotation details all the financial information what amount is loaned to you the period of your loan the interest rate etc you have the option to sign the quotation or not sign the quotation if you don't sign the quotation it lapses the office no longer available to you by the bank you accept it that thing is communicated back to the bank and uh an official bond grant is then issued which is then communicated to the transferring attorney and the implication of that financial bond grant is that it um it vendors you if any vendor you sell is subject to what you call a mortgage contingency or a suspensive condition the issuing of that final bond grant range is that condition final and fulfilled so your agreement is now binding and then and the repercussions of the agreement is therefore uh into place so you know I would I would urge your viewers not to take the signing of the bond grant the bond quotation very likely um make sure again that you understand everything feel free to ask your bond consultant they always very happy to assist you or ask an attorney again to help you but understand what you sign before you sign it because you do not want to sign it and then have an axle of wanting to get out of it and I think that's such a big one to understand that you in the event where you know one of the suspense of causes and this is one that's um often obviously in a lot of opportunities agreements that you're going to you know get funding secured I think one of the things that people sometimes don't do and we've even seen this in the show is uh instead of having a blanket one that you know you're going to get uh funded secured actually stipulate that you may want 100 percent secured and up to let's say maximum prime so maybe you're aiming for a prime minus one or prime minus 0.25 but if a bank comes and you know gives you prime let's say plus 0.5 then you know that that suspense of cause effectively hasn't been made because of all the financial institutions that you engage with you still haven't received uh you know a quote that's to your satisfaction and I think that's something that people at home tend to not know to at least include and some end up having an 80 percent ltv from all the banks just different interest rates and the clause is now made that suspended condition is made but they hadn't budgeted you know for the for 20 percent deposit and I think that becomes such a crucial one for so many of us to be aware of I only learned this after the fact and luckily I've been fortunate I was always getting 100 percent you know ltv and and so by the time I learned that trick I made the standard thing to include it in the event where one day I don't get the interest rate that I may want and and you want to be able to walk away from that deal as much as possible and then when we look then at that particular contract that you then entered into with the bank so you've chosen bank x you know it's quote and you sign the papers and of course they send the instruction and to the bond registration attorneys and the transferring attorneys what are some of the dues and don'ts during that process what do we need to be aware of once we've signed that and even from a legal perspective in terms of what we can and cannot do and in that part of our bond journey. I think a very important point that I'd like to make here regarding the bond journey is when you accept the bond grant your bank locates an attorney to do the bond registration who's an attorney on their panel that is a separate attorney from your transferring attorney people always get confused I I've been I've been contacted by another attorney already why are you contacting me because they're two separate journeys they're two separate attorneys doing two separate transactions so your transfer runs currently with your bond registration they also two separate fees so you've got to pay transfer fees and you're going to pay bond registration fees and and and it's very important that you budget for these fees because more often than not we get people who come to us and say but we're buying the property we budgeted for those fees we didn't know we had to pay for a bond registration fee or we paid the bank the initiation fee or the valuation fee why do I need to pay another fee again so there's all of these fees that that come with the bond registration process and be sure to understand what you're signing up for when you do once the bank accepts gives you your bond grant and your bond attorney contacts you there's been a process that you've got to follow where you've got to go in and sign bond documentation with them and that's that huge daunting stack of papers that they put in front of you and you could initial every page feel free to ask the questions what am I signing take me through the salient terms of this of this point out to me what is my interest rate make sure that it matches what you thought you were going to be getting my bond instrument every month and the bond instrument including my service fees what are my insurance requirements do I need to take our insurance and the property do I need to have life insurance is that required of me you know read read the agreement in terms of what happens should you not be able to pay your bond installment you know those are all key things that you need to understand before you put into paper when you sign in those bond documents. You know Zilek you're highlighting earlier that one of the things that people typically tend to not know is that they have to also budget for the bond registration attorneys the viewers at home I know they're all chuckling with me you saw me chuckling behind the scenes and it's because I want to share the story of how when I started my property journey I bought two properties at a go and I had done all this research and knew I have to budget for an attorney but all the research that I've done I thought I'm only a budgeting for one attorney when I buy a property because I was buying two properties and both were actually bonded it meant I was actually going to gain four attorneys and not two and so the first two invoices came in I knew exactly what was happening by the time the third and the fourth one came in I thought you know this is some kind of identity theft I was very confused about what is happening who these people are and what these invoices were and it really did take one of the attorneys explaining to me that you know so remember you're buying a property it's a bonded property and with each property you know you're going to the transferring attorneys they are you know for the property that I was dealing with with them it would be these attorneys and then you also have the bond registration attorneys and that is you're saying you know they're on the banks panel it's the bank that essentially you know procures the services and makes sure that the work is carried out so I think that's such a big one when you don't know about it and haven't budgeted for it that so many of us often unfortunately forget along our journey and taking more of your questions and comments at home this evening as we're looking at understanding different types of property contracts and in conversation with Zina Jusson who is a partner at Denton's and Donald's Shokha so in property buying must be included as a school subject because plenty of people don't know the rules when buying property I think somebody who's studying this stuff I don't know I should be including it so much as a school subject but it's certainly we need to make people aware of just the basics when it comes to property because I must say it can be quite a bit and you're not the following up saying just to remind the following man they show to include provisions for independent and professional home inspections in the OTP and that's actually such a big one especially when you're buying you know standalone houses oftentimes in a lot of sectional alternative communities where it's an apartment we'll find that more often than not things tend to be about board I mean you know the exceptions unfortunately but this is this is particularly a big thing when you know you're buying you know standalone houses where you may not be able to see what is wrong and when you buy that property you are going to have to fix whatever is wrong with it whereas more often than not in you know sectional title communities depending on what the thing that is wrong and they may be provisioned for it to be covered by you know the public corporate and I think you know we've been talking a lot from the buy side then on the sell side then from people are looking to sell their property we know that they're quite a number of people during this period who aren't doing that what should they be aware of in terms of the contracts that or the contract rather that they're going to have to you know sign certainly especially if your property is bonded and the dues and loans for them as you know they obviously cancel the bond and work with the bond cancellation attorneys I think the first contract that they're going to sign is probably going to be with an estate agent recruiting the services of an estate agent to market your property and make sure you understand what you're getting to me usually there's a time period that you allow them to have a mandate to market the property for understand whether you're giving them a sole mandate or an open mandate if it's a sole mandate you are not allowed to to get your own purchaser in if you do use the liability commission so understand those things and again feel free to get legal advice before you sign it in terms of your sale agreement you know Zama one of the key things is understand the time frames and any expectations from the agreement so most often you find the seller making certain arrangements or commitments based off this transaction not understanding the time frames is to win the finances are going to be available from the proceeds of the sale you know have a chat with the attorney to understand when you can commit to certain other you know ventures of the finances um when you if you do have a property that is bonded you're going to have to cancel that bond in order to transfer the property usually that process is pretty seamless because you're transferring the attorney takes care of most of it you do have to pay a bond cancellation fee it's it's about three three and a half to four thousand rent um be aware of the fact that you're going to have to get compliance certificates which will cost you money um it's it's you know dependent on on the the work that needs to be done to bring the property up to compliance status um you have a chat with your attorney to understand what rates clearance is and what your info in terms of payment so that you can make the proper allowances because most times what happens is the parties are not ready they're not aware of these things that they need to make a vision for and that has the inevitable result of delaying the transaction because of not being able to access these funds um so so have a chat with your attorney if you need to have a chat with your with your agent before that and I think another key thing is also the seller has the right to appoint an attorney of their choice so have your chat with your attorney even before you accept an offer but like at the beginning similarly with the purchase so when you sign the offer it becomes binding and um the repercussions the flow from that so understand what you're signing before you prepare to pay for and as we you know draw to the end of our conversation I do hope the last few minutes our winners going to raise their hand and claim that 500 rounds that is in the money bag of course if they don't start to roll over to a thousand rounds tomorrow evening uh I've got a comment coming through from YouTube uh Tracy Spangley saying great conversation topic thank you very much there uh Tracy and uh Zina I can't let you go before we touch on this one you know when you then want to be able to terminate uh you know a contract and let's start perhaps when you are at the buyer looking to terminate uh the contract that you've signed in terms of the offer to purchase and and let's assume this is at the stage where you've made the suspense of conditions and so you actually when perhaps you're even working with the bond originator from the estate agent side and you have received quotes that uh were satisfactory in terms of meeting that suspense of condition what how do you then sort of legally terminate that contract and when you know that you can no longer go ahead with um buying that particular property once you've made the suspense of conditions of sale it becomes very difficult because your agreement of sale is is finally binding if you comply with your obligations that means legally is that you're in breach of the agreement and you cannot fulfill your obligations or failure to fulfill those obligations allows the seller or the other party to to uh to cancel to cancel the sale and hold you liable for damages so what would happen is the other party would give you a notice period dictated to dictated by the agreement so seven days ten days whatever the agreement stipulates you would have that period of time to remedy your breach and if you don't the agreement is then cancelled if it is cancelled you could be liable for damages in South Africa we govern by a principle that says you can only be liable for damages that have actually been sustained so if the other party has suffered any kind of financial patrimonial loss that they can prove and that they can quantify you will then be held liable for that so you would be able to get out of the agreement but not unscathed and then I think on the sale side when you're now looking to uh you know get out of selling your property the other party has signed the OTP they've gone and secured you know uh the grant from the bank and before you even sign perhaps the transfer papers you have a change of heart that look you actually want this to hold or even if let's say you've signed the transfer papers because that usually happens the pretty much happened concurrently but of course the matter is not up for for prep yet we're still a few weeks out uh from that happening so during that period you want to pull it out of the agreement how do you then legally do so and what should we be aware of should you choose that route so the same provisions apply again it would be in breach if you wanted to pull out of the agreement you would be repudiating on the agreement um the the buyer would have the record hold liable for any damages that they would have sustained um in instances like that if you want to avoid any sort of legal repercussions we always suggest that the parties sit down and negotiate and see if they can come to a sort of a settlement a meeting of the minds to say this is my circumstances this is why i want to pull out can we come to a medium uh you know a compromise somewhere we it works for all of us but if it doesn't go down that route and it becomes legal then you could be liable for damages and again you uh you know the same notice periods would apply the same processes would apply and the same damages would apply you know any final tips as we wrap up this uh conversation this evening any final tips five years at home when it comes to uh you know making really good sense of legal contracts that they're going to make uh use of or certainly be signing throughout their home ownership journey uh that they really need to always bear in mind regardless of whether they're the buyer or they are the seller i think um you know probably is really exciting as i'm like that's why i love it so much and don't be afraid of the agreements don't be afraid of the legal repercussions just be wary just questions be overly uh you know uh inquisitive never feel shy there's never such a thing as a stupid question um educate yourself i think when you come from a place of being equipped with knowing what you're doing in the property space you know it's a very excited space to be in so my only advice would be is don't be put off by the legal terminology and the legal jargon just ask the questions um lawyers are always happy to assist um we want to make the journey as simple as possible and enjoyable as well so ask the questions and and and just be a way meaningful and i think that's actually just such a great place to leave it at that don't be scared uh and really be inquisitive be overly inquisitive don't be afraid to ask any questions they are legal uh you know petitioners that are there to help you along this journey don't be scared to ask them uh there's no such thing as a stupid question uh regardless of what you know that question is whether you're buying a seller and you really want to make sure that you're confident when you sign uh any document and you know what you are signing i think the big thing is you know something coming back to buy to you and you say you didn't know you were not aware uh nobody extended to you rather sit down with somebody and explain everything line for long uh if there's something that you do not understand zina we are going to leave it there this evening thank you so much for joining us on the show it's been such a pleasure to have you with us thank you zama i've appreciate the opportunity and that is zina who is a partner at dentin's uh wrapping up the thursday edition of the private property podcast with myself is i'm i don't know i'm going to squeeze in that last comment from omen's but today is saying don't be afraid but know what you're getting yourself into and that's going to be a great summary of our conversation this evening i see a lucky winner unfortunately didn't claim that five of the drowns we've got a roll over you can expect one thousand rounds in the money bag tomorrow evening well i'm off to look forward to the um the farming podcast with them by you know go actually to pin in i'll be back on the screen tomorrow


Soda's dad doesn't know. You know, Crumpet, you have the sexiest voice. Thank you. I appreciate it. You're welcome. Wow! Why'd you make me blush? It doesn't help that I'm super drunk. Oh, wow. Yep. No, I'm way, dude. You know, Crumpet, you have the sexiest voice. Dude, the way that he says it, it's so funny to me. Maya gets rushed. Oh, Soda actually did quite rushed. So much.   I don't know why I think people are getting choked. Like, Vic, why is that so funny to me? Why is it like, it's like the Bart Simpson effect. Like, just seeing people get choked at is so funny to me. New fetish. No, it's not a... I don't believe you. Why is this music like porn music? I just don't believe you at all. You've never, you've never, ever. Regular. Oh, I remember what happened here. How? There's no way. Her English is bad. Her English is bad. Okay, but it's so funny. Dr. Kvis understands what a decolonial means. Like, I'm approaching this conversation to make you laugh, which in turn makes me feel fulfilled, which is like streaming. Like, I want to farm little Ws, not like decolons. I don't know what that means. They're just emotes. Okay. Pretty much, I just don't...  No. Okay.  The D is the... No! So is decolon... It's one of the three...  Is that not the same thing? Decolon is like the sad blue face. I don't even know how... Yeah, anyways. It's like the sadness shock emotes. Oh, that is so... That is actually so funny, dude. How old is this man TV? 51 years. I am not 51 years old. Google is lying to you. Okay, Google is lying. Don't listen to them or anything they have to say for themselves. Watch the Linus clip. I'm gonna go in the chat. And so I waited the 10 or 15 minutes or whatever that you have to wait to type something. Wait, did we have that here? Let's see. Let's see how easy or difficult it is to be heard above the just... Unintelligible roar of nonsense going by. And it's not like anything in particular was happening. I think he was swimming from point A to point B or something. Absolutely nothing was happening. But it's just like this diarrhea of pictures. That sounds true. Sort of three character, you know, slang. And so I was like, hey guys, what's up? And it's just like buried. And I'm kind of sitting here going, why do you even type into this box? You're shouting into... You're not even shouting. Like you're whispering into a voice. Nobody can hear you. Actually, I can explain this. Wait, what's this BTTV? I think a lot of people who don't... I mean, he's got to have BTTV, right?  And they get terrified and they don't type. So BTTV, it's a Chrome extension where you can see all the emotes, like the Pog use and whatnot, right? Or Frank or you can do with Frank or two. What Jenny is doing while this fan is sleeping? While everyone is sleeping? Okay, it's fan versus El Gablino. S fan would probably clap me.  Did I see this already? The thing with S fan chat is that he's such a good chunk, okay, that even if it was out of energy entirely, just his normal muscle, dude, I wouldn't be able to do anything around it. And he probably resist my punches. It's too chunky. True. Eight ball exposing S fan. Does S fan think of me as more than friend? And he enablers? Okay. S fan playing Rust. Put me down, I am the law. Look, listen, these people need to respect my authority. Okay. I don't know why I don't got no damn respect in this town. All right. Jim Corwin's riding Rust clip. What do we do? We ride. This is not our Rust group chat. That was actually good. I've never seen this. What movie is this? We're going, uh, wait a second. I want to do travel streams. Okay. My goal at some point in the future, IRL travel streams, but like not just like I'm going around doing IRL. It's like, I want to see if I can kind of like bridge the gap a little bit between Twitch and like normal IRL kind of like produced content in a way to where it's like, I want to basically take Anthony Bourdain's parts unknown and do it as a Twitch stream. He would go to like different countries and stuff. And it was, I mean, it was a produce show on CNN, right? Like this is a big time. So like they would find like people and families that go film and they would go do stuff in like different countries and it would like show it off. Right. Can't have this in a restaurant. It's time consuming. It's very expensive. So you have to Persian cuisine has to be experienced in somebody's home. Okay. You put far more on the table than anyone could conceivably eat. Is that? Yeah. If you don't like your guests, if you don't put in it yours would be more like Conan without borders. Wait, what's Conan without borders? Good afternoon. Passaporte. They reflect the glasses. Conan O'Brien. I'm him. The comedian, TV host, doing a big show in the city. I'm going to step out of line, sir. Hi, I'm at Old Bethpage Village Restoration where they play old time baseball, 1864 rules, 1864 costumes. Some say a waste of time. Others say an incredible waste. Dude, this literally just looks like an episode of Borat. Just like this frame. It just reminds me of Borat right here. This is Gary Monte. Gary, you are the umpire. Actually referee in 1864. You have a pencil behind your ear. What's that for? Yes. Well, I have to keep score. I have to keep score during the game. So this is an authentic 1860s pencil. Yes. What do you write the score on? I have a number of things. Wait, can I see what's in here? Sure. No, you want to see that. Oh, my God. Yeah, this is an authentic Nature Valley granola bar. What are your professions? What do you think you did in 1864? I'll be a farmer. You were a farmer? Yeah. You? Same here. You were a farmer as well? Yes. I was just saying Conan without orders. You're a farmer as well? Everyone's going with this farmer thing. No one ever says I'm a kickboxer or anything. I watch you and Conan though. So tight. If you think the people playing 1864 baseball are intense, check out the people watching it. You're the groupies. It's 1864. And you're out looking for some man action. Is that the idea? They would. The men would invite us to come and watch them play. Dude, I swear. This is literally like, this is just like more at the same time. Who do you have the crushes on? Who do you guys like? Come on. Who do you like? The man that was playing shortstop next to me before played at me in a lot of great catches. OK. You like him? What about you? Do you have a crush on anybody? No, sir. No, sir. OK. You're very shy. It's 1864. I'm being very forward, which would make you shy. Plus, I have cameras which don't even exist yet. What does your father do here in the town in 1864? He's a farmer. Everyone's a farmer. That's what you do. He's a farmer, farmer, farmer. Does anyone work in advertising or anything? What does your dad do in the town? He's a tailor. Oh. Oh, there you go. He's a tailor. He makes clothes for the farmer. What about you? He's a farmer. Farmer? And your father? My father's past. Sorry. That's a terrible reaction. Your money's dead. Let me ask you this. It's 1864. Oh, man. 2010, man. Fine.  You know what's funny? Can I say this? Most of the world is still the same. It's been the same for like 15 years.  They're the same. The only place it changed is like on the internet, except it's flipped the other way. Like the internet used to be like really edgy. It used to be the other side. And then the internet flipped the other way. But real life is the same. So waiting for your husband to come back from the Civil War, you know that guy ain't coming back. I don't know. I don't know. I'm coming back. It's not. Actually, it is. Yeah. All right. I was down. I was in the Civil War. And I was fighting. And I saw him. He was acting very cowardly. He said, we're all going to get killed. Let's get out of here. And then he made out with a guy. This is all true stuff. I'm sorry. That gentleman likes to ply his seed in the other melon patch.


10 stage renal failure disease patients have got options of either going through hemodialysis. There is also another way of dialysis is chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis what is called CAPD. The other options for chronic kidney disease patients is kidney transplantation. Kidney transplantation could be either live transplant or cadaver transplant. There are many advantages of a chronic kidney disease patient going through transplant. Number one he can lead a normal life like any other individual. In kidney transplantation removal of one normal healthy kidney is done either laparoscopically or by open operation. Laparoscopic removal of the kidney is what is called minimally invasive donor nephrectomy. This patient had advanced kidney failure and his only option for survival was a kidney transplantation. However, he did not have a donor in the family with a compatible blood group. So he was struggling to get his health sorted out. Today we have done a kind of transplant namely the swab transplant. In this kind of situation where there are two donors and two recipients they swap between the patients. Fortunately we found another family wherein the donor and recipient had a similar problem where their blood groups would not match and they too were stuck. So in this situation what happens is if the recipient from one family is compatible with the donor from another family then we can cross the donor and recipient and both the families can get benefited. In today's swab transplant she is one of the donor wherein we have removed the kidney laparoscopically four holes were made and the entire kidney is mobilized and kidney artery, kidney vein and the ureter were clipped and removed. However, to bring out the kidney from the abdomen we made a small incision at the lower part of the abdomen and removed the kidney. This way it is very less painful for the patient post-operatively and within a week they'll be able to get back to their normal work. The renal transplant is over. This is the right kidney which has been kept in the right iliac fossa. The renal vein has been anastomosed to the external iliac vein. The end of the renal vein has been anastomosed to the side of the external iliac vein and this renal artery has been anastomosed to the internal iliac artery. The end of the renal artery has been anastomosed to the end of the renal artery and the ureter which comes the urine which flows down from the kidneys has been anastomosed to the bladder and from there the the urine flows down into the catheter and a drain has been left and the wound will be closed in two layers. On the fifth day we take out the catheter and the drain and on the sixth day we do our dressings and on the seventh day we disturb the patient home and after the tenth day he can get back to his normal activities. Now these kind of complex cases for kidney transplant where we have to do two together require quite a bit of extra infrastructure, more OT space and a very experienced team. All of which is available at our center kidney transplant center at Manipal hospital and we have been doing such complicated cases for many years now and with more and more of complex cases being done we are able to provide kidney transplant services to almost all kinds of complicated situations and this can be done very smoothly and efficiently with the most advanced techniques that are available which provide minimal access services to the benefit the kidney donor as well as the kidney recipient. A very well performed transplant instantaneously the recipient starts putting urine and his creatinine normally comes to normal in the next 48 hours time. In an ideal situation we would strongly recommend patients to go through kidney transplantation for a chronic kidney disease patients.


What's up everybody Jason for Jasper's case breaks calm. We just sold out 1920 panini contenders optic basketball Pick your teams number 51 from a fresh inner case guys Remember to have two or more teams to win the pelicans you have to buy two or more teams of course So again, you buy two teams you get one entry by four teams you get two entries you buy six teams Get three entries and so on if you only buy one team would not be entered, but good luck guys So here's a customer name. So let's alphabetize them and And D with two air good to so both of you guys get entries good luck Kelly gets seven. So that's one two three entries Had to get eight, but seven of them right there next over with ten. So that's five entries three four five One two three four five and then Scott block out with two and then Shawn Maddock with six So one two three for Shawn and then one for Scott I should take this right there to 14 sweet All right, and let's see who's gonna get the pelicans guys. Good luck Roll it. It's a three and a two for five times. Good luck number one gets the pelicans one two three four and five Going to Khalid congratulations man after five times sweet So there you go. I guess so here you go So this might be our last inner case of these contenders optics guys. I don't know if we have any more so at least One more breaks of this stuff and just for these first two guys I just pretend these are numbered one two three four five six seven eight nine ten and let's generate two Boxes and let's generate the first one Three so one two three second one seven Six seven second box There you go. And then these ones here will be for Future breaks, which I'm sure we're gonna get another one of these done probably tonight. Who knows? We got Kam Reddish and Tim Duncan for the spurs Little winning ticket crack dice red. There were also Hawks, but I can writers Khalid David with the wrap with the spurs are and we have a gold Malik Beasley Minnesota Timberwolves six out of ten. Who has the T-wolves Scott Blackwell? There you go All right in the redemption guys. Good luck rookie season ticket red car number 109 KZ of Paula and why I'd be going to the heat and Sean. All right next one guys Luka Donchich and Lottery ticket red Jerick Holver Timberwolves Scott Luka Donchich Gels Mavericks next over Malik Beasley and DeAndre A. Orange was really nice there with the Phoenix Suns Khalid O'Donnellan and we have Carson Edwards to one forty nine Lucovich and Red Malik Beasley And there you go guys quick little two bucks break again The next one's already up nice little Tim Duncan a little gold Luka Donchich Jerick Holver Paula Carson Edwards auto and DeAndre A. and Orange to 49 So I appreciate you guys number 52 is in the what on the website already selling quickly grab your teams grab your spots Appreciate you guys Jasper's case breaks.com


In 1976, while on tour in Newcastle in the north of England, drummer Stuart Copeland met a former schoolteacher by the name of Gordon Sumner, better known by his stage name of Sting. This was the birth of The Police, a rock band that would go on to top the charts around the world. Years later, after the band split up, Stuart decided to reinvent himself as a composer for films and television. At the birth of the PlayStation era, Stuart was approached by a company called Insomniac Games. They were working on a game about a cute dragon who jumped and flew around a beautiful 3D world. Stuart happily took the job.  What he wasn't expecting was for his work on Spyro the Dragon to turn him into a household name yet again. This is the story of how composing for a video game ended up giving Stuart Copeland a chance to reach a whole new generation of fans. By the time that he was working on Spyro the Dragon, Stuart Copeland's hard-rocking days were long behind him. He'd had fun headlining music festivals around the world, even if, as the drummer, he was never pushed quite as far into the spotlight as his fellow band members. But Stuart was a big part of the musical talent for the police. He'd composed many of their biggest hits, and as he'd gone on to creating music for film and TV, he'd proven himself more than capable of tackling any challenge. This was what Insomniac Games were hoping for when they chose Stuart to score their game. Unlike his previous work, this was a small budget, simple affair. He didn't need to include a lot of different instruments. In fact, due to technological limitations, he literally couldn't get too fancy with his compositions. But while Spyro's music didn't need to be too complicated, it did need a lot of different tracks. Stuart needed to weave together a slew of different themes and motifs across hours of music, creating the largest volume of music of any project he'd worked on to date. Luckily, Stuart did his best work while under pressure. He would compose four tracks per day, and then would revisit them and rework them the next day. Rather than damaging his output, this fast-paced production schedule left Stuart incredibly proud of his work. He felt that it was some of the best of his career. At the beginning of the project, Insomniac would pick apart each of Stuart's compositions. They would be poured over by committees, as everyone worked together to agree on the perfect sound for Spyro. Before long though, the team simply started trusting Stuart's decisions. His work was of such a high quality that they didn't have to debate it anymore, and he was free to submit whatever he felt was best. Insomniac would provide Stuart with beta versions of the game's levels, to help him get a feel for what his music should sound like. These levels were buggy and filled with glitches, but Stuart enjoyed the experience of wandering around in the levels. It was just a shame that Stuart wasn't better at actually playing the game. He very quickly realised that he didn't have the necessary skill to actually complete the levels, and had to sheepishly ask for cheat codes to help him see everything in the game. But while Stuart wasn't a gamer, his family certainly was. By this point, Stuart was a father, and his children absolutely loved Spyro. They would play together as a family for hours. With Stuart's teenage son Patrick on the controller, as his younger sisters yelled out instructions to go left, collect that treasure, jump onto that platform. Playing the game together with his children made Stuart really develop a deep, abiding love for Spyro. He was tremendously pleased with his work on the game, and happily returned for two more titles. As technology developed though, Stuart found himself drifting away from the series. His children grew older, and the fun moments they spent together playing Spyro became a distant memory. The series moved on to a different development team that Stuart wasn't familiar with. When he was shown a country and western themed trailer for the then upcoming Enter the Dragonfly game, Stuart felt that it didn't even really look like Spyro. It was such a radical departure from the version of the character and game world that he had fallen in love with. So, Stuart decided that it was time to hang up his hat. He left Spyro music to other composers, and moved on with his career. Except, Spyro and its influence never really left the Copeland family. Stuart's son Patrick had been really inspired by playing insomniac games early titles. When he grew up, he achieved his lifelong dream of working at the company, making games for the organisation that his father had worked with years before. Stuart wasn't giving up on Spyro either. He found himself influenced on a daily basis by the work he'd done on the game series. Having had a successful career as a rock star, and a composer for TV, film and video games, Stuart decided he wanted to create less constrained music. He started working with an orchestra, composing classical music and operas. For the first time in years, he was composing music for its own sake, rather than to try and fit with the director's vision of another piece of media. Composing for an orchestra felt a lot like being in a rock band, except that the amps were smaller, the champagne had more fizz, and the whole experience was a lot easier on his wrists. But as he worked to create this new, fresh, original music, he kept coming back to ideas he'd had when composing for Spyro. His hurried, fast-paced compositions for the game were some of his favourite work, and he found ways to incorporate these ideas into his concertos. Eventually, Stuart's agents suggested that he create a kind of greatest hits orchestral tour, playing some of his more popular music on a far grander scale than he'd ever done before. This would mean creating orchestral arrangements for songs he'd written for the police, as well as music from Spyro. Stuart was thrilled at the idea. He began working on an orchestral medley of his favourite music from Spyro. It turned out that he had a lot of work that he was proud of. The end result was a densely packed 12 minutes that weaved together dozens of themes from the games. Then, Activision contacted Stuart. They were working on Spyro Reignited, a remastering of the original video games that Stuart had composed for. They were really interested to show this to Stuart and share what they had. They insisted that the music for the game was kind of Stuart's original work, but with an added twist. Stuart was confused. Was this his original music or not? But nobody would clarify. He had to come in person to listen to what they'd made. Finally, Stuart made the journey to visit the team that was building Spyro Reignited and listen to what they had for him. He was blown away. The game featured all his original compositions, but now built from music samples that weren't limited by the PlayStation technology. Everything had been lovingly recreated, note for note, with new samples that sounded so much richer and more enjoyable. Someone mentioned that they still had a little space left in the game for some new music, if only Stuart had four minutes of fresh audio lying around that could be used to plug this gap. Happily, Stuart provided what they were looking for. He sliced a chunk from his 12-minute Spyro medley and eagerly polished it up for inclusion in the game. He was so excited to return to the world of Spyro and to make new official music for the series after all these years. And so it was that in the year that Spyro Reignited gave the original Spyro games a fresh coat of paint and greater audio fidelity, Stuart Copeland also went on tour, playing a new version of some of his favorite music from the games. Nobody enjoyed the nostalgia of Spyro Reignited quite as much as Stuart. As he played through the levels in the game, it brought back happy memories of a time when his children were young and when his professional career matched up perfectly with his home life. Spyro had changed his life and the life of his family forever. And now, in some small way, these nostalgic memories were fresh and new again. Stuart was excited to see what the future would hold and what new beautiful memories he was going to make next. The moral of the story is that you never know where life will take you.  Anyone could be forgiven for thinking that Stuart Copeland's career had peaked following the end of the police, that he'd had his moment in the sun, and that he'd spend the rest of his life in the shadow of his previous successes. But Stuart moved forward. He found a new direction. He embraced TV, film and video game composing and saw a wonderful new chapter of his life unfold as he was able to share his passion with his children and inspire them in the process. Then, when this wonderful time passed, he reinvented himself again. He drew on his previous experiences and built a new, enjoyable life that paid tribute to his past successes while similarly bringing him new things to see and do and try. Whatever it is you're trying to do in life, wherever you think you might be going, be patient. You never know what's waiting right around the corner for you, and what wonderful new experiences you're about to enjoy. Keep going. The best is yet to come.


I'm back in action today I'm gonna show you how to separate your audio tracks when you record them So your voice is separate from the background music at the point of recording And then I'm gonna show you how to split them up inside hit film express so that you can adjust them separately Why am I doing this first off one? We're doing a series here. That's geared towards new youtubers Gamers that are just getting started and you don't want to pay huge money for Like something like Adobe Premiere Pro or After Effects or some expensive video editor And you also don't want to pay money for video capture software as well We're gonna do this using only free tools and it's gonna be awesome. So let's get going. You'll see here I'm inside Valheim and Presto cool The first step is we want to record the game footage So I'm gonna be doing this using Nvidia shadow play. This is free software that comes with any recent relatively recent Nvidia graphic card and to access your recording screen I'm gonna hold down alt and zed and when I do that you're gonna see here We get the g-force experience now There's a whole bunch of stuff here But what we want to do right now to split the audio tracks is click on this little gear icon When you open that gear icon go down to the bottom and They've made it nice and simple now It didn't used to be this simple But you'll see an option create a single track Which is what we don't want to do and the reason why it's because if your background music and your voice are on the same track You can only increase or decrease the combined total So if your voice is too loud or the background music is way too frigging loud That gets off in the case and you can't and you want to make an adjustment But turn your voice up or down you can't do it unless you create separate separate tracks So left click on that make sure that it's selected green. Okay now We're gonna go ahead and do some recording so you can see exactly what I'm talking about I'm gonna left click here on record and you'll notice here that it's also got the hotkey of alt f9 So I'm gonna left click on that and it's gonna go green. There we go It's green and we are recording so what we're doing is we're basically recording the background music and the background mob Noises and all that other stuff separate from me talking to you as we do this I'm just gonna punch it big in the head.  Yeah, you like that. Let's kick All right guys every once in a while you gotta do some hand again Hand to hand combat with a nice little pig, right? Who hasn't wanted a Pig in the face. All right. Cool. All right.  All right. We are on our way I'm gonna hit escape to get out of that and then I'm gonna escape out of this game left click on quit quit the game Now as I slowly quit the game here, I guess it's a little slow You'll see here that I have hit film express already open ready to go the next step If you're following along with me is you want to go to where you recorded the footage? So I've got a folder here and it's called Valheim and this is the last video that I did So this is the one that you just saw me record I'm gonna left click on it drag and drop it into the media folder here And now it gets a little tricky and it actually can throw you off a little bit so I'm just gonna go ahead and again drag it onto the timeline and Now you're gonna see here that we've got the footage loaded into the timeline It's like 35 seconds or something like that. I'm gonna hit the play button here And you're gonna see an issue and then I'm gonna show you how we solve it Yes There is no microphone, right? That's what you're thinking. Hey, you recorded it and I heard you talking Why can't I hear that and the reason why is hit film express really only works with one audio even though Nvidia does it correctly and they separate it into separate audio tracks If you use Adobe Premiere Pro for example, you won't bump into this problem They fix it automatically and they separate the tracks, but Adobe Premiere Pro is like 40 bucks or 60 bucks a month or something like that So yeah, we're using free tools for now, especially for the new people. So let's take a little deeper look in here You're gonna see here that this is the waveform So I'm just gonna zip in here and as I do that you'll see here. This is the waveform This is the background music now if I go and I right-click on this here You're gonna see at the bottom when you right-click you're gonna see properties when I open up properties. Here we go There's audio one system sounds under audio, but if I click that little down chevron, you're gonna see audio to Microphone and when I do that, this is where it gets weird. We now listen to this I go green. There we go It's green and we are recording That's what we recorded when we were doing it right there. So By default HitFilm Express doesn't separate out the tracks. It's not smart enough or alternatively They make you pay for it. I haven't checked into that yet But we can do this for free and I'm gonna show you the workaround What you want to do here to get both the audio tracks on here is we're gonna go We're gonna right-click on the audio or on the video here I'm a right-clicking and you're gonna see that I have the option to duplicate When you duplicate this now We've got two videos and we can put them both on top of each other And we can have one set to the microphone and we can have one set to the background music and the mob music and stuff Like that. So that's the trick. So I'm gonna delete this one off the I'm just gonna go ahead and right-click on this and clear it. So I guess yeah, what do they use? What do these cut now? Whatever, okay? I'm gonna go ahead and drop the top one in here Then I'm gonna go ahead and drop the other one on top of it. So we've got both tracks here now Let's go ahead and dig in a little further by default and you can look here at the waveform They're both the same audio. So what we want to do I'm just gonna whoops, I don't want to do that what we want to do is we want to set one of them To the background music and one of them to the voice. So let's see what we got here I go green there. Okay, so we got the voice as you can hear. So one of them Let's go with this one first step I'm gonna right-click on it and I'm going to unlink them because I don't want them linked up The second thing I'm gonna do and you'll see here that I've clicked on the audio again I'm gonna right-click on it and now we're gonna go back into properties and Instead of saying audio to We're gonna switch it to audio one system sounds left-click on okay Now you'll see that the waveforms are different and if I hit spacebar We're gonna have both the background music and my voice watch this I go green. There we go It's green and we are recording. So what we're doing is there we go You can hear me squeaking through the woods now The reason why we did this is because now we can adjust the background audio or the voice to go up or down Increase decrease in how loud it is just by going in and making adjustments to it So if I was to go, let's see where do they keep the audio stuff we would well We'll do that in another video But you can move this line for example if you move the line up it increases or decreases the audio So you'll see here that if I move this up that means it's gonna go up eight decibels If I move this up or move this one down for example, it's gonna go down minus 22 point six seven decibels So this is a real quick and easy way to adjust the audio But again, you would want to go in and we can go through the details of that The last step here that I recommend is I'm gonna go ahead and remember when I unlinked it earlier The reason why I unlinked it because this one if I delete this if I just go ahead and Just go ahead and cut it. We've now got a single video. So we got a single video track and two Separate audio tracks now we just go up here to file or where did they got to export to file and Off we go. I would put this one on in here and this would be audio two tracks Valheim I would hit save and Then you'll see here that under the export window. It's gonna go ahead and load up It's starting the progress and this is how you go ahead and separate tracks and have professional audio With with with both of them separated out without spending a single dollar on software That's it for this video guys I know it's a little long-winded and I know why you haven't heard me lately That's because I've been out with COVID but I'm back in business. We're back in action. I got a ton more stuff coming up Stay to excuse me. Stay tuned. Thanks for watching