a very very merry Christmas to you from wherever you are watching us from you are watching why in the morning entrepreneurship Tuesday and what a day that this entrepreneurship Tuesday has fallen on. Let us know what you guys are doing this particular festive season. What's the plan? Make sure you let us know. Pa le twitter you can find us at Y254 channel. The hashtag is why in the morning. Hashtag why kilesha on Facebook at Y254 and on Instagram you can slide into our dm at Y254 underscore channel. Yes, you do miss any of the valuable insight here. You can find us on YouTube at Y254 channel. And in respect to the entrepreneurship and the hustle and the holiday hustle. We have founder of We Inovate Kenya. Wan masharia muhoho here with us to let us know what are some of the business ideas and opportunities that exist in this Christmas period. All of you who love to hustle the holiday hustle whether or not you're partying is here to let us know what are some of the opportunities that exist in this particular time that you can use. To make some money January is nearby. Anyway, masharia muhoho please say good morning to people and wish them a merry Christmas. Merry Christmas and probably a happy new year.  A day like this 25th when Jesus was born. But as entrepreneurs we always see opportunities. So what are some of the opportunities that we can be looking on. This Christmas that is what we are going to probably discuss. Fantastic. I'm even surprised that some of the opportunities that he has like haia. Oh this is actually a job. Ya because you see I'm seeing crafts and gift baskets.  So yes that's one hustle. I'm seeing catering, party planners. Masharia is here to let us know some of the rest that I might have over looked. Now in fact this is a very great opportunity for many would be entrepreneurs. Now if you are young and creative because we are always categorized as either you are a creative or the other side. The other side will explain later. For creative guys this is a perfect opportunity. First of all you have that particular market that you've been looking for. Which market am I talking about? The market that you have assembled with your family people. You have assembled in that community church. I know for us we are here. It's a Christmas we are in studio today hilda. But this is a perfect opportunity for people to see what are some of the opportunities that they can tap upon. Now for if I know today others have already sent probably their gifts. Yes. And tomorrow is boxing day so we'll be unwrapping this particular gift. Yes. So what is the opportunity for me as I would be entrepreneur to look on to that. Number one is now probably fairing this particular gift. I know later on today I'll be having a party at Muzaiga. And I know a friend of mine is hosting this particular party. And they will need to try to move things around. So that is a short time opportunity for me. Also you can do some logistics. Those are the logistics that we are talking about. Then don't forget we cannot say that say for party planners first is still coming. Yes. So how can you organize this particular event for your friends and your family to go out. So you can be an event planner for the first of 2019 that is coming. So those are some of the few opportunities that I believe you can talk. And for the people who come from the village a few years ago we were organizing the local DJs. Local DJs. What are the perfect opportunity for say people who have traveled say from the Abba now going to the ruler. They have their laptops. Why don't you do something even for your local church for your local community. So that local social hall so that they can see this is a perfect time for you to get even 5Gs 10Gs 20Gs for you to supplement in 2019. I would like to agree because you know how many people are on holidays. So the people who normally do that work most of them are not available. Yes. So you can maximize that opportunity. And infact for the people who are still in the cities. Okay. I know we are in the cities some of us. But for the people who are in the cities remember the house nannies. They have already gone to be with their families. That's true. So the owners of the house are there. Who is going to do shopping for them. Why don't you think outside the box and they think of ideas that you can be doing also shopping. So these people just an errand business here and there. And also for people who are in crafts, art and crafts. Why don't you create very nice happy new year cards. Then now you can share. The good thing you can also sell them as e-cards. And you can also sell them as hard copy cards. So those are some of the business opportunities that somebody can see at this particular festive season. I like the fact that you mentioned the cards, the gift cards and what have you. Because that's something that even people in closet can use.  Please let us know what other opportunities exist.  Now you know you can do some things and you don't really have to be so mature to do some of them. If you are creative like you said, young people like it. They can come up with new gifts and new ideas. What else can we do this Christmas? In fact now you have just made me to remember something. For people who will be travelling say from the urban now to rural. For the local mechanic. Why don't you now just change your shop? From now the original garage that you've been having. Why don't you just practice for the few days highway mechanic services? That is a perfect opportunity. Because for some of us who usually travel say from urban now to rural. Our cars usually stall along the way. And you can imagine that situation that you are in. But if you get now a local highway mechanic. That is a perfect opportunity for them. I am not saying that this is a perfect opportunity for highway mechanics. This is a perfect opportunity for them at least to see this idea. Interesting. You had also mentioned that there are some business ideas that we can cultivate now. That will help us come 2019. What are some of these ideas that you had in mind? That if I started right now in this festive season come 2019 I can still continue with it. Like it doesn't end with this Christmas season. Good question Hilda. I usually say it's good for us to see not to look. So if you are not saying doing any particular business event at the moment. See the opportunities. Now how do you look at these particular opportunities? Number one if you have been having a perfect idea. You want to start something come 2019 is one of your new year resolutions. This is a perfect time to test your business idea with family and friends. Ask them because I know we will be having this communal celebration. Either in churches, either in our families, either in social halls. Ask people this is the area that I am trying to venture in. What are some of the ideas? What is your feedback? They will help you in validating your business idea. So if you have that kindly do that. That is number one. Number two for some of us who will be now moving say from the up and now going to the rural. This is a perfect opportunity for us to see what are some of the things that we can do from town. Working now with our rural folks. Let me just give you a good scenario Hilda. Number one like say let me give you a good example with me. My father has a lot of plantations of avocado. He does that in Transoya farm. We have also another farm in Transoya. So he does that. But since time immemorial he has been exporting these avocados to Europe. Okay now being his last son. I see this is a perfect opportunity for me to go back home and see how can we value add these avocados. So that we don't just export the avocados back to Europe. Now if you are young we have been now in the urban centers. Why don't you go back home and see the opportunities? Probably we have land. This is the nice opportunity for us now to plan for 2019. That is a perfect example. So there are other opportunities that as young people can see with the rural folks that we can work with. Another one that I can say probably if you are walking around probably you don't have a lot of land in your place. You are walking around. You are seeing now the neighbors are having strawberries, they are having bananas, they are having things. Why don't you think of a way of how you will be marketing their produce and product to Nairobi dwellers or the urban dwellers? Like the way we usually receive rice from where? Yes and that is very common. In fact you can carry all those things and come back with them here to Nairobi. So if there is a way that we can also bring that business back there it can be very good. However let me find out from you. You mentioned that this is the time that people can test their business ideas with their family members. How about the mentors? Is this a good time to approach my mentors? Yes, yes. In fact this is the right opportunity for us to approach our mentors because right now they are free. They will tell you so many things that you really need to understand about any business that you need to venture. Apart from just working also with the mentors, this is the right time for you to say to raise capital for your business. Remember there are different types of how you can start your business but this is the perfect time for you to do that. And how am I seeing this here? Remember capital is not always about finance or cash but capital can always come from even the family and friends. That is what we usually call angel investors. That's true. This is the perfect time for you to pitch your ideas to your uncle, to your bothering aunt, to your sisters and your brothers. Bothering aunt, why not bothering uncle? Bothering aunts and bothering uncles who usually ask you, umelete nini, watoto wako wako wati. This is the perfect time for you to ask them, chip in like 10,000, 5,000. This is the idea that I have and it will take it to the next level. Another way of financing a business is now to learn as a resource. You see your folks are not having, they are having a lot of land but it's being underutilized. Yes. Why don't you think outside the box and see how you're going to cultivate this particular land? I had a friend of mine who was chatting yesterday. She bought land in Bungoma three acres of land but it has been just been there. So I challenged her and told her why don't you think of something that you can be doing in 2019 That can be a passive income for you while you're working on an active income here in Nairobi and she's ready to take that particular opportunity. And also now the advent of now the county governments. How can you talk to guys who have been working in the county government and see how they can penetrate probably your idea or your product to that particular county? Okay, let me ask you something very personal. What's your personal idea for this festive season and for 2019? Can you let us know? That is a good question. I think I mentioned it earlier. For me the avocados with my father, that is something that I'm venturing in. Since I've invested in a company that does sops, detergents and everything I see this is a perfect opportunity for me now so that we can have avocado lotions. I don't need to buy raw materials. Wait, so this avocado you also want to use it to make cosmetics? Yes. No, no, no. Because when I see the avocado, there are so many products that we can generate. I have a friend of mine who happened to be a senior mentor of mine, Professor Bitange Demo. There is a time he went to Switzerland and he got an avocado lotion and he challenged me, Masharia, we know you guys have a lot of avocados in your place. See the product that I'm using in this particular hotel. Why don't you create something for us Kenyans also to do that? So after that I acquired now the detergent and soap business. So I'm seeing this is now the perfect time. I have already hinted to my father and this is the perfect time for me now to rope in the avocados. Well, I do wish you the best of luck and make sure you do give me some of that avocado lotion when it's out. Now that I won't be seeing food only when I see avocado. Anyway, I would like to understand are there also some pitfalls and some risks that business people might take in this particular period that they need to be wary of? Powerful question. Thank you for that question. In every opportunity, first of all, we must thank God for all the problems that we are getting as Kenyans. But at the same time, we might risk as an employer, as an entrepreneur or as a business person not to focus keenly to your passion and vision. You remember the quail business? Yes. This festive season can be like now the quail business. You think you really want to take your idea to the next level, but at the same time, you might divert your attention to focus on something that you are not caught. Or is temporary. So you must know how to cash in on short term and also look at the long term. So that is the biggest challenge for many would-be business and business people who are currently working on ideas. Thank you very much for coming to studio. It's Christmas time. We will not bore you in the way of the way with one hour of conversation. I think let's keep it short and sweet. Thank you. If you've been listening to Masharia Muhoho, please, if you missed the interview, you can find it on YouTube. But Masharia Muhoho has come here, founder of We Innovate. Can your ideas come and let us know some of the ideas that you can maximize during this holiday season and also what you need to look out for. And he's even given you his personal idea, which is interesting. I'm also thinking, wow, what am I going to do this festive season, but now I have a few ideas. So let us know what you've decided to do in terms of holiday hustle because you can hustle this holiday and you don't have to be all grown up for you to do it. Even if you're young, 14 years, you can hustle that 500 bomb, you know. Anyway, you're watching youth and entrepreneurship only on this Christmas day. And I'd like Masharia to wish you a merry Christmas one last time. I'm not going to talk a wee bit because I want to a name but I'm not sure. I'm sure you're flipping channels. Masharia will sing here also. All right? We got it. 20 happy. Happy... Merry Christmas. Merry Christmas. I really wanted to say happy. We wish you a merry Christmas. We wish you a merry Christmas. We wish you a merry Christmas. And a happy new year. Thank you. Don't go anywhere. Why in the morning continues shortly?


There are some situations that hopefully have happened in everybody's career that happened in losing efforts that you can't talk about and I hope that Michael Dixon gets a chance to celebrate and victory lap what he did last night. Not only was it Chase Young asked as he reaches down with one Aussie hand and in Aussie rules football style bats that thing up to himself as it's spinning on its head after he heard a thump thump which is the worst sound in the history of punning that means your just got rocked son now somebody came Scott free right up the gun he had nothing he could do about it but then he jukes he jives he runs he's tatted he sleeved up and he makes the ultimate decision of punning the ball 68 yards down the field while not only was it incredibly athletic it was also an outlaw play clearly broke some rules but who gives a we made some magic and that's what the brand's all about I'm incredibly thankful for Michael Dixon


Welcome to a primer on joint all domain operations. I'm major Scott Vandewater from the May Center for Doctrine And I'll be taking you through some of the latest thinking on joint all domain operations or JADO a special Thanks to Dr. Mogan from half a3 for several of these slides Join all domain operations has been in the news a lot lately Many of our senior leaders are looking very closely at what the future of American War looks like As a result the joint staff has taken a special interest Into what some are calling joint all domain operations and the subset joint all domain command and control or JADC2 The term JADO at its surface calls for increased cooperation Across all of the war fighting domains as defined by joint doctrine that said what is a domain? There is presently no doctrinal definition of a domain Joint doctrine does provide a list of war fighting domains They include space, air, land, maritime and cyberspace, which is part of the information environment The electromagnetic spectrum is not technically a doctrinal domain But there have been several attempts to make it so with some efforts ongoing Air Force Doctrine Annex 3-99 defines joint all domain operations as actions by the joint force in multiple domains integrated in planning and Synchronized and executed at speed and scale needed to gain advantage and accomplish the mission comprised of air, land, maritime, cyberspace and space domains plus the electromagnetic spectrum EMS and Joint all domain command and control as the art and science of decision-making to rapidly translate decisions into action Leveraging capabilities across all domains with mission partners to achieve operational and informational advantage in competition and conflict Some have described these definitions as unsatisfying. So if you feel that way, you're not alone Ultimately JADO is trying to present a solution to some of the issues identified by the national security strategy With respect to the erosion of our national competitive edge Our adversaries have made asymmetric investments in A2AD complexes, which have challenged our ability to operate with impunity With the return of great power competition to our national consciousness. We have gained greater awareness of the challenges that lie ahead The preceding 20 years of low intensity conflict have led to an appreciation of the challenges We face in integrating capabilities across domains and across government due to factors such as operational timeline manpower intensive planning inflexible operational constructs bound by a high-level coordination and artificialities associated with administrative boundaries be they geographic service domain or US code title So what's the big deal? Didn't Goldwater Nichols already tell us to be joint and all domain? Join all domain operations is the next step in this evolution While we take the first few steps in JADO under the current operating paradigm Many believe that a much more significant change needs to happen to realize the ultimate vision modifications to the unified command plan joint command and control structures and Even the Goldwater Nichols Act have been called for in an effort to posture the DOD for the future That's a lot of change. So as all of this really new we've been doing operations across domain boundaries for centuries Why is what we're talking about now different? The critical insight to this question is in the increasing convergence of and fluidity between domains For simplicity, let's look at the air domain as an example Air capabilities are increasingly enhanced and dependent upon space cyber and land an Air platform must now address attack vectors from four other domains to assure its success Let's look at this in an analogy Historically, we've made some assumptions about our access and dominance across domains All of our domains have lined up alongside each other and so long as everyone stays roughly online We move forward into the battle space with minimal concerns about our cross-domain flanks Our adversaries have been developing a number of asymmetric capabilities Which have challenged our domain dominance in novel ways as a result we can no longer assume that our flanks are secure As an example, let's look at a suppression of enemy air defenses mission Historically our air forces red in the graphic have advanced on the enemy's surface-to-air missile capabilities blue and been successful Let us suppose however that our adversary has some EMS or cyber capability Green which is capable of affecting our air assets This intra domain flanking maneuver presents access to our squishy underbelly our dependence on other domains for mission success This is both a vulnerability and an opportunity The adversary is no less susceptible to intra domain attack though in many cases the character of their vulnerability may be different So purely for the purpose of this briefing. Let me outline some terms Keep in mind. These are descriptions which are useful for thinking but are non-doctrinal Intra domain means from one domain to the same domain Inter domain means from one domain into another and Trans domain and again for this briefing only means from one domain into another to achieve objectives in still another An example would be using EMS to jam a satellite which is critical to an RPA That is EMS to space yielding an air effect Another analogy our ability to dominate globally has been built on the back of the American taxpayer Since World War two we have leveraged the most exquisite capabilities and platforms across every domain and have created the equivalent of a military dream team as Our technology accelerates and our ability to sustain the remnant of the Cold War wanes. We are faced with a choice Continue to limp along a huge force or modernize a smaller one Jado presents a third option Create a miracle on ice type of joint force a more rough and ready less exquisite force where the strength lies in team synergies vice individual efforts This concept dovetails nicely into thinking in terms of systems rather than individual lines of effort Having teams capable of a deeper understanding of team dynamics and having a reflexive ability to make connections at speed and volume One of my all-time favorite quotes is all models are wrong some are useful by the mathematician George E.P. Box On the bottom of the slide are two models of the operating environment depicting the domains Right side in red and the environments The left side is from joint pub 5.0 the right side is from the Jado doctrine publication as Mentioned earlier agility between domains is a critical change in the operating environment Nations and their militaries are dealing with these changes in different ways The Chinese Communist Party for example along with some Russian elements are trying to limit and control the agility across domains and environments through things like social credit systems and leveraging analog communication systems The u.s. On the other hand has taken a much more permissive view and is attempting to accelerate Enhance and harness the agility enabled by technology in many ways. This is the central tension in two competing theories of victory Historically due to the cumbersome nature of inter and trans domain operations for simplicity among other reasons We have aligned our forces to domains and have oriented our seams along those lines So long as it our adversary does the same we meet principally in intra domain tactical competitions Some may say why have seams at all? This presents a logistics and coordination problem, which is as old as warfare without silos the number of planners For example, which would need to coordinate with one another becomes untenable and unmanageable Ultimately what jato intends to do is to orient the seams perpendicular to the adversary to allow the forces closest to the enemy to work seamlessly Pun intended with one another and to leverage one another strengths to expose adversary weakness and To prevent adversary exploitation of friendly seams One last model if our seams are tailored to have dissimilar structures This presents an even more challenging problem to the adversary as they attempt to find a seam Which is both accessible and exploitable in this final model tearing any one seam will leave a force Which is able to maintain its momentum and integrity and continue to fight while repairing the exploited seam Two critical points here some have asked what about our allies? Great point in the news recently in fact You can find evidence that our senior leaders are already thinking this way The Air Force and Army have agreed to work on what they're calling see jad C2 highlighting the need to consider our allies Additionally just as Russia and China are leveraging other parts of their governments to address great power competition Jato as a concept acknowledges the need for interagency cooperation and a need to coordinate and attain unity of effort when unity of command Is not attainable. This is particularly applicable when we talk about competitive activities short of war and gray zone activities So what are the main points? How might we operate under a Jato construct? The Jato concept is still in development, but the doctrine center has pulled six core ideas, which are applicable to operations today Centralized control decentralized execution through mission type orders. I want to be clear about something here This is nothing new that said we've created a system for the violent extremist fight Which runs counter to the decentralized execution portion? This return to the foundational premise of air power will allow Decentralized commanders to execute with disciplined initiative even if disconnected from higher headquarters Delegation of authority. I would like to pull an important thread on this This is not intended to be only decision authority But also authorities in the legal sense Due to the character of our ongoing conflicts the decision authority to utilize certain effects or even something as simple as target engagement Authority TA has been retained at arguably arbitrarily high levels To be effective against a peer or near peer competitor The joint force must have the ability to make decisions without halting to mother may I four or five echelons above sharing of information Information sharing has been an important part of operations across recorded history Often the sources of information are disconnected from the consumers of the same Linked only through higher headquarters who collect process exploit synthesize and disseminate that information In JADO as envisioned machine-to-machine communication coupled with automated synthesis Will enable our tactical edge to have the best possible battlefield picture even when disconnected from higher headquarters this may sound a bit like science fiction and We have a long way to go before this is realized at scale But ongoing efforts like the army's project convergence and the Air Force's ABMS system of systems The MDTF and the shadow operation center are working hard to enable sharing and processing of information at the tactical edge To enable our forces with the most up-to-date and relevant knowledge at the time of need Integrated planning Reflecting on the seams slide our current planning integration for air for example is Conducted at the JFAC or CFAC level and across an entire theater as a result integration with other domains Space cyber land etc is limited by the planning cycle and is often the first thing to drop when our planning elements are cognitive bandwidth limited Now let's take this to a major combat operation, which is global and scope and scale Conducting integrated planning across all domains globally is too large of a task for even the largest air operations center And you better believe that air operations center would be a high-priority target for an adversary if they have the chance to take it out As a result the vision for integrated planning resembles a more distributed model with integration taking place across domains at echelon rather than centrally Certain high-demand low-density assets would be centrally managed and forces would be assigned or attached to meet the needs of joint commanders Leading forces akin to those of a joint task force These joint task force commanders and their planners would ensure their forces were synchronized and Integrated to achieve their objectives risk identification and mitigation Risk across the force takes on many nomenclatures for some the terms risk to force and risk to mission are the two metrics To the air component. There is largely consideration for acceptable level of risk or ALR still further among cyber and space professionals measures like intel gain loss and Technical gain loss IGL and TGL are measures of risk While the JADO framework does not yet propose a common lexicon for risk and there are some existing joint risk frameworks The message in JADO is that our view of risk is generally very domain-specific and neglects risk Which we displace to other domains for example an ISR aircraft Which doesn't take off due to weather hasn't simply mitigated risk It is displaced risk to the ground force which decides to action its objective in spite of the lack of ISR support This inter-domain risk displacement is generally unaccounted for in decision-making The use of joint structures for command and control and force employment Finally, it is important to keep in mind that the 3-99 is titled the daff role in JADO for a very important reason We at Air Force doctrine cannot write joint doctrine in a vacuum as a result The doctrine as it is written will constitute a portion of the Air Force's submission to the joint force When it begins the process of codifying how the joint force will move forward with the service ideas on JADO and JADC2 Part of our entering argument is that we will need to be fighting in groups Which resemble joint task forces in order to accomplish the level of integration and synchronization These joint organizations will be more than coordination or liaison elements They will be the C2 which underpins our joint integration As we apply those principles through the lenses of the seven joint functions, we see four primary outcomes First and this one might sound familiar a Substantiated need for JADC2 structures Because as I mentioned the need for JADC2 structures is part of the hypothesis If we do not demonstrate their necessity to our joint partners We will not be able to achieve JADO as envisioned as a result an output of our approach must be the demonstration and Substantiation of a need for JADC2 Accelerate and increase the capacity to develop decision quality information If we intend to delegate authority and authorities to our leaders at echelon We need to provide them with the relevant information to make good decisions at a speed and scale appropriate to their circumstance as We look at the principle of information sharing and apply that through our seven joint functions We see this increase in capacity for decision quality information as an output Organize train and equip forces to converge in multiple domains in operationally relevant time frames This again speaks to an attempt to keep the lens of the daff role in JADO to a service perspective For the daff to contribute to JADO. We must OT&E forces to enable joint force convergence across domains Create dilemmas for an adversary Not only must our forces be posture to converge But we must also be postured to do so deliberately in an effort to create dilemmas for an adversary These dilemmas force the enemy to make a choice between too bad often equally bad courses of action One way of thinking about certain portions of JADO is to consider the explorer exploit tension The idea of explorer versus exploit comes from mathematics and can be thought of through the lens of a casino Imagine you have several slot machines lined up all with a certain chance of a payout How would you maximize the amount of money you have over time? I know some of you are probably thinking by walking away. Well, that's right in this case, but bear with me here In the case of these fictional slot machines with no knowledge You would start by trying each of them equally then as some seem to pay off more You would lean on them harder as you had a greater knowledge of the environment But you'd always have to leave some amount of room for experimentally finding out your theory was wrong This simplistic example solution does not have direct applicability to warfare. However, the concepts do Explorer exploit holds true in jam versus collect or destroy versus observe or launch versus hold on alert or Surge versus reconstitute Joint commanders can use knowledge of explore versus exploit to posture themselves across domains Appropriately to assume risk and to force package in ways advantageous to the phase of competition or conflict in which they find themselves The joint concept for operations in the information environment or J.C.O.I.E Arguees that the joint force must understand how to manipulate and leverage information and the inherent informational aspects of activities to send deliberate messages all Joint force actions written or spoken words or Displayed or related images have informational aspects that communicate some message or intent Which can be leveraged to support the achievement of joint force objectives The J.C.O.I.E. describes the construct of informational power IP as the ability to leverage information to shape perceptions attitudes and other elements that drive desired behavior and the course of events It established the imperative to operationalize and institutionalize the integration of information with traditional military physical power So where are we today? Across the joint force there is some uncertainty on where we're all headed The army published trade-off manual 525-3-1 Entitled the US army in multi-domain operations 2028 which is their guiding document the Marine Corps has force design 2030 and the Navy has a design for maintaining maritime superiority 2.0 Each of these speaks to how the services intend to interoperate in the future operating environment Largely independent of these efforts, the joint staff has put out a few classified documents in draft to include the joint concept for command and control And the joint warfighting concept which outlined many of the ideas previously discussed Together these documents begin to paint a picture of our future force The DAF role in JADO doctrine publication along with the AFWIC JADO and JADC2 concepts Supported by technological development and education Represent the Air Force's current trajectory in contribution to the larger DOD discussion If you would like to know more, please join our APAN website You can reach it at www.doctrine.af.mil slash jdo There you'll find multimedia resources to include videos and documents from around the joint force on related topics In addition, you can contribute to the discussion by registering with the site and contributing via posts Thank you for your time and attention. Please feel free to reach out to us via social media or through our org box Which you can find in the global address list


Metasurface antennas offer a unique solution to the need for high-performance low-profile transceivers in 5G per 6G networks and broadband satellite internet access. These antennas are based on the principles of quasi-bound states in the continuum, which allow for full control over the amplitude, phase and polarization of the aperture field. This allows for a wide range of functionality, such as single input multiple output, MIMO, near-field focusing, as well as far-field beam shaping. Metasurface antennas have been demonstrated experimentally and are expected to be used in future wireless communication systems. This article was authored by Ganyushu, Adam Overvig, Yosyoki Kasahora and others.


The Graph Editor is the most advanced keyframe manipulator in Blender. To access the Graph Editor, you have a few options. In any workspace, you could go to the top left-hand corner of any panel and select Graph Editor from the drop-down. Alternatively, you can go to the Animation workspace and go to the Dope Sheet area. From there, you can hover over it and press Control-Tab. This will toggle between the Dope Sheet and the Graph Editor. For non-hotkey users, you can go to View, Toggle Graph Editor, or Toggle Graph Dope Sheet to achieve the same thing. Compared to the Dope Sheet, the Graph Editor can do many of the same things, but also allows the user to view and edit the motion curves directly. Let me show you what I mean. Let's go ahead and make some keyframes for our object so we can see what this looks like. Just like our timeline video, let's once again animate a simple bouncing ball. To do this, simply subdivide your default cube by holding Control and pressing 2 on the number row. Then turn on Auto Keyframe. We'll set a keyframe for a high pose on the first frame, go to frame 10, set a low pose where it's touching the grid, set a much lower high pose on frame 15, and do the same thing as frame 10 for frame 20 for our final low pose. You may have noticed by now that our keyframes in the Graph Editor are represented by orange handles along the curves we see displayed. Now we also want to change the handle type for our extreme low poses on frame 20 and 10. This will once again give us that bouncing ball look. However, let's figure out how to do that in the Graph Editor real quick. Unlike the Dope Sheet and Timeline, there is no summary of keyframes where we can easily select all of the keyframes on a certain frame. So to achieve this same effect, let's simply find frame 10 and Alt-Left-Click any of the keyframes on frame 10. This will select all keyframes vertically on the same frame as the keyframe you selected. Now we can simply change the handle type by going to Key, Handle Type, and selecting Vector. Hotkey users can still press V. Now as you can see, the handles have visually changed this time. Unlike the Dope Sheet and Timeline, the Graph Editor directly shows you what changing the handle type looks like in terms of the interpolation curves. Let's repeat this process for frame 20. Alt-Left-Click, press V, select Vector. We can then play our animation with Spacebar again to confirm that we did it right. Now let's observe our Graph Editor a little more closely to see how similar and how different it is from the Dope Sheet. Before we move on, I want to say that in case your Graph Editor is too zoomed in or you can't see all of your frames, simply hover over the Graph Editor and press Home. You can also go to View, View All. The first thing we'll notice that's the same is the left-hand column. Just like the Dope Sheet, the keyframes have all been assigned to specific channels. You can expand and collapse channels by clicking the arrow or using the plus or minus keys on the number pad while hovering over the channels. However, you might notice that while the channels are listed, there are no distinct rows of keyframes to see which keyframes belong to which channels. Now, we already know that the keyframes are indicated by the orange handles you see spread out along the curves. And each curve belongs to a channel. Simply left-click any of the channels on the left to highlight the corresponding curve in the Graph. To isolate a curve, you can left-click to select it, go to the channel menu and click Hide Unselected Curves. For hotkey users, you can press Shift H, as in hide. This will hide all other curves for you. To unhide all other curves, simply go back into the same channel menu and select Reveal Curves. For hotkey users, you can press Alt H. Now, let's go ahead and isolate only the location curves and try to manipulate our keyframes and curves using the Graph Editor. As you can see, each of the keyframes in each channel exists on their respective curves as these orange handles, which we can select and transform using the same selection and transformation options we typically have in Blender. I'm going to simply shift left-click a few of these keyframes and start using G, S, and R to transform them. As you can see, moving, rotating, and scaling keyframes are all possible in the Graph Editor, allowing for very versatile and intuitive transformation of the curves. But what if we select a single handle? Each handle by itself is technically made up of three selectable parts, the main body and the two handlebars. By default, the endpoints of each handlebar can be transformed as a way to rotate the entire handle and manipulate the length of the handles, which affects how the curve interpolates between keyframes. You can also select the body and use R or S to rotate or scale both handlebars simultaneously. However, handle transformation differs depending on what handle type we use. For example, the vector handle types we have at the extreme low poses of our ball can be edited individually on each side. It also cannot be rotated as vector handle types must point to the previous keyframe. Quick note, when you break an individual handlebar of its default orientation, it will convert the keyframe handle type to free. Free is when both handles move independently from each other and you can set it to free yourself manually. Feel free to experiment with other handle types. Another thing we talked about is the interpolation modes. Interpolation modes can also be very easily changed in the dope sheet and timeline, but we never talked about what they look like in the Graph Editor. Since the Graph Editor is comprised specifically of interpolated curves, the interpolation mode greatly affects how the interpolated curves look. Let's try a few by isolating the Z location curve and selecting all the keyframes by pressing A. We can then go into the key menu, go to interpolation mode, and select constant. As you can see, the constant interpolation mode removes all curve interpolation and simply repeats the previous keyframe's value until it encounters another keyframe. If this looks like a familiar pattern to you, it might be because you saw it in the interpolation mode menu for constant. As you can see, each of the interpolation modes has an icon that represents what the curves look like when in that mode. Feel free to test out these modes to better understand them. Bezier, however, is the default and we'll be changing ours back to Bezier for now. Now that we've gotten basic curve manipulation out of the way, let's talk about more advanced curve manipulation options. Specifically, curve modifiers. Curve modifiers are similar to mesh modifiers in that they are extremely powerful, non-destructive functions that can help you alter and adjust your curves. There are a few curve modifiers, but to demonstrate this, I'm going to show you how to use the noise curve modifier. To add curve modifiers, simply open the right-hand side menu in the graph editor. You can do this by clicking the arrow icon on the right or pressing the N key. From this right-hand side menu, go to the modifiers tab. Make sure you have the curve you want to modify selected. We'll go ahead and select our Z-location curve by clicking on the Z-location channel on the left-hand side. Then we can go into the add modifier dropdown menu and select noise. For hockey users, you can simply hover over the graph editor and press Ctrl-Shift-M and select noise from that menu. Immediately, you can see how the noise modifier affects our curve as the curve now has a noise pattern added all throughout it. If we play our animation back, we can see that a slight shaking effect has now been added on top of our original animation. Even if we set new keyframes or move them around, the shaking effect adjusts to the curve dynamically. Just like mesh modifiers, we can also adjust the modifier settings to change how the modifier affects our curve. Each modifier has different settings to play around with, so feel free to experiment. But these two options at the bottom are available for every single curve modifier. This is because they affect the on and off state of the modifier. If we expand the restrict frame range option, we can see a start and end range that we can set. This will allow us to restrict the effect of the modifier to specific frames along our curve. Additionally, the in and out frames will allow us to fade the modifier influence in and out a certain number of frames. For example, if I set the fade in value to 10, the curve modifier will slowly fade in the influence of the effect over the course of 10 frames. Furthermore, you can also manually adjust or keyframe the influence slider just below that under use influence. Collapsing either of these options will also disable them. Now, some of you may remember the icon for modifiers for meshes is a wrench icon in the properties tab. Similarly, in the graph editor, wrench icons also represent curve modifiers. But the only time you see this icon is next to the channel names. That's because this wrench icon next to the channels in the graph editor is for toggling on and off curve modifiers for that specific curve for your convenience. Likewise, the checkbox disables the curve's values from affecting the object at all, and the lock icon prevents changes to be made on that curve. As a final note, several of the dope sheet and timeline features exist here as well. For example, you can still add markers in the graph editor and edit them, and you can also set your preview range in the same way. I hope this video gives you a fundamental understanding of the graph editor in Blender.


from Gillette Stadium in Foxboro, Massachusetts. It's theCUBE, covering VTUG Winter Warmer 2018, presented by SiliconANGLE. Hi, I'm Stu Miniman and this is theCUBE's coverage of the VTUG Winter Warmer here in 2018. Happy to welcome to the program first time guests and first time company on the program, Dilip Advani, who's the Vice President of Marketing at Wiela, great to see you. Thank you Stu, yeah, great to be here. All right, so Dilip, first tell us a little bit about your background and what brought you to Wiela. Yeah, so again, my background has been on the analysis side and the protocol analysis side. I have been in the past focused on the wireless aspects of the business. So I have led teams on product strategies and product marketing in my past history, right? So what I have done is the reason I came to Wiela is because of the rich history, right? For all the founders who have great experience on the deep packet inspection and the protocol analysis side, right? And they decided to bring this to the virtualization world and that's what got me very interested in Wiela. Okay, so Wiela itself, believe you, we've worked with a number of the team. Fluke Networks, was that where? This was from the original Air Magnet Fluke Networks team as well, right? So this is the team that actually built the world's first analyzer product, which was NetX-Array from Cinco Networks. Okay, great, so tell us the why of Wiela. Why today, what's different, what's the big problem it's helping us solve? Yeah, so before I talk about what Wiela does, right, and then what role it plays in the industry, right? I wanted to address one question that people frequently ask us, right? What does Wiela actually mean, right? So the joke around the office is that because the founders like to go to Hawaii a lot, right? That's why they came up with the Hawaiian name. So it actually means lightning in the cloud in Hawaiian, right? So but there's a deeper meaning to that, right? So we actually, we are the power and the guiding light behind some of the challenges that people have with their cloud environment, right? So what Wiela, if you step back and you talk about what Wiela as a company does, right? So we're a young and dynamic company based out of Silicon Valley. And what we do is we do application-centric infrastructure monitoring. So we pinpoint the bottlenecks that may exist on your infrastructure. And we also help users on the hybrid cloud workload migration strategy. Yeah, I hear application-centric and there's been hardware companies that sometimes use that term and it's really more infrastructure-centric that applications sit on. So maybe tell us a little bit about where you sit and what you look at and how much is kind of tied to the application versus the infrastructure? Absolutely, right? So at the end of the day, everything goes back to the application, right? Or the business service, right? And obviously the business service is running on the infrastructure, right? So we target the IT operations team, right? We want to make sure that they don't end up being the fall guy or the team to be blamed for anything and everything that goes wrong in the network, right? Sometimes it is the infrastructure, but at times it could be the application itself as well. So that is where Vila plays a role to help in their full stack monitoring to avoid the finger-pointing discussion that takes place between the operations team as well as the application teams or any other teams within the organization. Yeah, I think that's a great point. It's interesting when the DevOps wave, some people throw out that term, no ops. It's like operations is real important. I interviewed Solomon Hikes from Docker and said the reason we didn't container wasn't to get away from the operator was actually to create tools to help the operator and it enables the developer in the application side, but ops is still pretty critical. Absolutely, absolutely. That's where I think everything ends, right? So that's been our focus to make sure that we provide a solution for that particular team so that they can help solve any challenges that you may have in your data center. Okay, need to understand where this lives because today customers, especially an event like this, there's virtualization and there's cloud and when there's a huge spectrum of what cloud means to the customer. Some of them, cloud is, I'm a small company, maybe it is mostly public cloud. Everybody's doing SaaS. Most companies have some and they're on-premises, whatever you want to call that. And heck, there's even the edge stuff is becoming majorly important, but it's the everything, whether you call it multi-cloud or hybrid cloud, how do I put that all together? There's lots of challenges there. Where do you fit in this overall puzzle? Absolutely, right? So in terms of the private cloud, like I mentioned, our main goal is to help you solve the performance bottleneck, whether it's on the application side or the infrastructure side and help you solve that problem. But what trends we are seeing is a majority of the customers, just like the industry in general, is looking towards the hybrid cloud or multi-cloud or whatever you want to call that as. So we are seeing a lot of customers move towards that strategy, but again, they are struggling with defining that strategy. They're struggling with how do you get going on this particular path of taking their applications of the business services, which traditionally have stayed in the private data center and moving it to the public cloud as such, right? So that's where we've seen organizations struggle with understanding what their current scenario looks like, what their current applications look like, how they're dependent on each other. Again, documentation obviously, as you know, is the last thing on IT people's mind, right? Or if they have a document ready, it's outdated as soon as it's created, right? So that's where we've seen a lot of organizations struggle with getting that visibility into what exists within their environment as they plan about taking their applications to the hybrid cloud as such. Okay, so Dilip, I just want to make sure I understand. Things like performance management, do you look at both sides of a hybrid, both the public and the private, or is it primarily in the private? Yeah, we look at both sides on the private side as well as the public side, right? And on the private side, like I mentioned, not only do we help on the performance monitoring there, but we also help you define your pro migration strategy. Okay, when I think about all those things you were talking about, surprised I haven't heard some mention of machine learning artificial intelligence because things are growing, things are changing so fast, there's no way the administrator can kind of do it themselves. So what's the secret sauce? Where's the software? Where do you fit into, or do you just stay away from those buzzwords? Again, I think everybody likes to use those buzzwords and then we do the same as well, right? So I think when you think about artificial intelligence or machine learning, at the end of the day, it goes back to the predictive analysis capabilities that organizations must have for their data centers because at the end of the day, right? It's about being proactive and not just being reactive to issues that could be occurring on your network, right? So mining the data that's being collected on your current environment and using that, right? Why artificial intelligence or machine learning to figure out what are the resources that will be needed, right? As they expand their own capacities within their own environment as such, right? Or being able to predict that they need to assign certain resources or they're going to run into a certain issue if they don't assign certain resources or they don't do something which could impact their business performance. Okay, Dilp, want to just step back for a second. Give us a snapshot of the company. How many people, you know, what can you share about funding, you know, kind of the state of the product? Is it, you know, actually GA and that? Yeah, absolutely, right. So like I mentioned, right? We are a young and dynamic company located in Silicon Valley, right? We were founded three or four years ago, right? We have a product that's shipping. We have lots of customers. And we, in terms of funding, right? We have gone through series A around our funding and such, right? And we have customers across different verticals. Whether it's healthcare, whether it's retail and whether it's MSP type of customers as well. Okay, and you're 100% a software company. How do people engage? Is there like a free trial demo type thing? Or, you know, how do people get started? Yeah, so again, we're a pure software company, right? So if you look at how Wheeler gets installed, so we get installed as a guest VM, right? On top of the hypervisor, right? So this could be a hyper-V environment or it could be a VM-ware type of an environment. And then what we do is we do deep packet inspection to get the application and the network information. Right? And you mentioned VM-ware and hyper-V. Public Clouds, which ones? Public Cloud, it's AWS Azure and Google Cloud, right? So we are more agnostic on that side, right? So we do deep packet inspection to get those details on the application and the network side. And then we also talk to vCenter, right? To get all of the compute and storage statistics. So again, a pure software solution. We do have trials available. We have a 30-day trial available for software. So in case anybody's interested, they can obviously go to our website at wheeler.com and then request a trial. We work with the customer to install it. We train the person who's doing the trial and then after the trial, we even do like data reviews and show you what issues that may be existing in your network, right? So like a true performance assessment of your data center. Okay, and who's the typical administrator of this? Is this same person using vCenter Admin or doing their public cloud management? And I'm curious what your dynamics you're seeing in the company when they've got kind of both sides of that and how that plays. Yeah, so typically we're seeing virtualization engineers or IT architects who are using the V-Law solution, right? And the trend we are seeing between the private and the public cloud is that many of the people who had the responsibility on the private side, it's the same group of people who are still responsible for managing the environment on the public cloud side, right? So it's not only important to make sure the availability of the infrastructure continues as you go from your private to your public cloud but also the application and user experience continues, so that's why having the same group of people managing and monitoring is the trend that we are seeing with our customers. Okay, Dilip, I want to give you the final word. What brings Vila to an event like this? Yeah, so again, this is the first time we've come to VTUG. We have been doing many other community events in other locations, right? So Vila believes in working with the community, right? So that's why we've been engaged with the V experts as well as the community in general and we think this is one of the premier events where the right people in the community in terms of the technical professionals hang out, right? So that's why we decided to come to the VTUG event and I'm pretty sure we'll be back for the summer slam as well. All right, well, Dilip Advani, I really appreciate the updates and telling our audience a little bit about Vila. It's lightning in the cloud. For some reason we haven't had the cube yet in Hawaii. Maybe we need to re-change, give a name with a lot of holes. And so the water will have my ties there. Absolutely, so lots more coverage here at the VTUG Winter Warmer 2018. I'm Stu Miniman, you're watching theCUBE.


Vegans are cookie cutters in a sense that they all need to season their food extensively to make it palatable or they need to eat extreme amounts of sugar and the similarities that I've seen in many, many vegan day of eating over the past few weeks are the need to eat dessert after every meal. They have like a snack or a pick me up after every meal. They always use a blender and literally almost every single food they're eating is made in a laboratory or shipped halfway across the world for them to eat it. The hypocrisy of this diet and these people thinking it's healthy, especially considering it's almost entirely empty calories, considering the lack of micronutrients in most plant foods, at least bioavailable forms of them, is just completely, completely crazy. So we're going to look at that and unfortunately, you know, kind of, I just feel like these people are just sheep and they're brainwashed by this idea of being plant-based. Hi guys, welcome back to my channel.  I am going to the gym and doing a really heavy leg day. I also don't track my macros if you're wondering right now, I'm not tracking them. I'm tracked out for my bikini competition even though it was like four months ago. But it was so much work, so like, give it up to all you who compete, but yeah, I'm not tracking my macros right now, to be honest. Oh yeah, keep in mind that I am plant-based, so everything that I eat today is like, obviously dairy-free, no animals, like I just, I'm plant-based, so I don't eat any of that. I'm plant-based, so I don't eat any of that. Actually, does this girl have a deeper voice than me or what?  So for breakfast, I'm going to have a full bagel and I like to put a little bit of this special spread on it. And so what's in the spread is basically just a scoop of minced garlic, a scoop of this vegan mayo, and then you season it with a little bit of garlic salt and a little bit of onion powder, and you mix it all up and there it is. No, that's it, you just need half the pantry to make it taste good.  I also eat a full avocado and I love avocado so much that I put a ton of hot sauce, black pepper and salt on it because I love avocado. So I just kind of eat it with a spoon. So I did put a little bit of avocado oil in it, black pepper, Himalayan salt because I'm fancy. And Louisiana hot sauce, that's the best hot sauce, by the way. Don't talk about pink Himalayan salt to Mr. Salt Expert over here. Don't get me started on salts. You want to buy some good salts, get some French salt, some Celtic salts, then we'll start talking, Miss. So yeah, I just eat it kind of like this and yeah, there's my breakfast. So I ate my avocado, both have. And here is my bagel, just kidding, my bagel. Don't make fun of me when I say bagel. I'm from Minnesota, leave me alone. This is it, she's beautiful, isn't she? So there's the spread and then I put cucumber on it and I just do like so and eat her. And then I have my water because you need to drink water, stay hydrated. I mean that meal is what, just macronutrients, right? You got some carbohydrates on the bagel, you got some fats from the avocado, no real source of micronutrients in that meal. And we could kind of go over like the anti-nutrient content of those foods. But the main premise that I'm just going to focus on this video is inflammatory omega-6 fats are present in almost every vegan meal, as well as just, I mean she needed half her pantry to make that food taste good. Come on. So I also, I'm still hungry, so I decided to have a yogurt. How are you still hungry after eating that much food? Is this dessert number one for the day? I can't tell you how many times I've seen the vegan day of eating where after the first, after breakfast they're having dessert. And this is a coconut milk yogurt and it's so, so good. You can get it at like any grocery store. Mostly, like I just know for sure it would be at Whole Foods though. It's at Whole Foods so it's good for you, right? Can she see through all that makeup and those eyelashes? I just got back from the gym. Wow, look at that shiny forehead. Of course I have to have my blessed protein. It is plant based. It has 23 grams per scoop and I like chocolate coconut. It also comes in vanilla chai or salted caramel. So I'm going to have a scoop of blessed protein. That counts as dessert number two in my book. And protein bioavailability on a vegan diet is only really attainable in a high amount from these protein powders because bioavailability of these vegan protein powders is like 80 to 90 percent whereas actual plant based foods are like 50, 60 percent. So on one hand it's the only real way they can get protein but it's not a natural way. You couldn't actually get enough protein in the context of a muscle building diet without artificially adding it through protein powders. And I'm also going to make a Alfredo sauce. I make it homemade and I make it from cashews. Let me know if you want the recipe. So leave that in the comments if you want the recipe for my vegan. What bothers me is I bet if you asked this girl how cashews were made and how that gnocchi pasta was made she would not ever touch them again. Google how cashews are made and tell me you should be eating them. And that gnocchi although it might not be bad I mean in the most context it's just flour, egg and potato. I'm curious how they made that without the... I guess they just made it without the egg. Alfredo sauce but I'm going to pour it over these... I don't know I think they're called gnocchi.  And they're super easy to make. You just put them in boiling water and they're done within like five minutes. So that's gonna be what's for lunch. So what are you making mother? I am making homemade cabbage vegetable soup. We're warming it up because we don't use the microwave anymore. No ma'am. Because it's bad for you. Yes it is. So we made this last night and it's so good it's just cabbage soup. So I guess I'm gonna have a side of this too because why not? Vegetables. Oh veggies. So here's my vegan Alfredo and here my gnocchi. Not pictured a blender but will we go for another ride in the blender later? Will we? Cashews very high omega-6 very very inflammatory plant food. I'm curious how long she's gonna end up on this diet before we see drastic changes you know in her face in her body. I'm generally curious. I think she's only been on this vegan diet for around a year maybe less. So I'm just gonna pour that in there a little bit. See how much I need. Mix around. So excited to eat this. Well that's good. So I had half of the package. I'm not sure how many calories this is and I really honestly don't care. I'm just excited to eat this. Five hours later. So I've just taken a shower. It's a little bit before dinner but I'm gonna have a snack and this is actually from a snack from my app and in my app I have different meals that you can cook, different snacks pretty much like a whole day set for you of your different meals so this is something from my app and it's chia seed pudding and it's made with almond milk and chia seeds and then you put on fruit you just put blueberries and stuff in there. Alright dessert number three dessert number three we get it. Just like add all these ingredients in the recipe. It's so good. She doesn't show this pad thai noodle recipe in this video. I don't know why she doesn't show the recipes for all this but one funny thing is she talks about the shirataki noodles and she calls them shiitake noodles. This girl doesn't even know what she's eating and what she's putting in her body but it's very very safe to say that she has no understanding of ingredients no understanding of how foods are made. So I'm having one last snack for the night and it's banana ice cream. Dessert number four it's not a snack. So what you do is you take bananas from the freezer and like honestly one is not enough it just makes like a tiny bit so like I'm doing two two bananas my type of girl so you like peel them actually run them under water first that's how you get like the skin to be a little bit softer so peel them and then you put the I put mine in my little ninja blender or if you have a blender whatever so peel them pour a little bit of milk in there definitely not regular milk unless you're into that. The irony of definitely not regular milk is that raw grass-fed milk is actually nutritional and complete has every vitamin and mineral you need milk which is literally a cup of anti-nutrients with no nutrient value whatsoever.  I think I've had enough of this video though. We're not going to take a look at every single of this food she ate today because she did not show all the recipes but the first thing is the just mayo and it's pretty much just vegetable oil very very high omega-6 no real source of nutrients in it modified food starches, white distilled vinegar sugar spices fitting with the theme here you need to add sugar and spices to make a vegan food palatable and expel or press canola oil definitely high omega-6 diets and vegetable oils are one of the reasons that cardiovascular diseases are so prevalent now if we take a look at this peach yogurt it's organic coconut milk organic cane sugar rice starch peaches less than 2% calcium citrate packed in starch live fruit and vegetable juice for color vitamin D2, vitamin B12 what this is doing it's replicating natural thing that would occur in a high vitamin food by adding cultures fermented foods tend to have higher amounts of certain vitamins so they're replicating the flavor of fermented foods without actually adding a reasonable amount of vitamins they actually did add vitamin D2 to this but vitamin D2 has no bioavailability why would they add vitamin D2 to this yogurt vitamin D2 is actually dangerous in a lot of context for human to be consuming I know adverse effects from consuming D2 as opposed to D3 which is the animal form which is what we're supposed to be consuming but really just empty calories they actually added B12 to this too, go figure this is the protein powder pea protein isolate sunflower oil creamer inulin fire gum arabic natural sweeteners stevia rock salts this these and then blood cashews picking your cashews for your gnocchi pasta, go ahead I think these vegans and these plant based people are a bit disconnected from reading their food label oh what we didn't touch on was so that girl had one dessert she had the coconut dessert after her breakfast she had the smoothie dessert after her workout then she had a chia pudding dessert I believe before dinner and then after dinner she had another dessert four desserts in one day completely crazy and she did actually break out the blender but I don't want to make this video too long for you guys so this vegan girl ate four desserts throughout her day is this not completely crazy I don't really want to go too much more into this you guys can do your own research on all the food she's eating the lack of nutrients in her diet the negatives of high omega 6 inflammatory fats so if you guys would like to support me please just share the video in the description from my patreon to my amazon shop lots of interesting stuff for you guys to look into but thanks for watching if you guys want some makeup what I don't like is that I know more about these plant foods than these vegans do so if any of you vegans out there want some vegan diet consulting shoot me an email