Hi, thank you very much. My name is Chris Pringle and I'm going to talk today about a little citizen science project that we've been doing, which is looking at measuring microplastics in the home. So I think we all, I think we all know that when we launder our clothes, when we put them in the washing machine, the action of clothes moving around in the water releases microfibres, and those microfibres go into the wastewater, and this is the source of microfibres to the environment. And that's relatively well understood and relatively well characterised. But what's less well known is that as we use the textiles in our home as we wear our clothes, just the action friction that we create when we were using the textiles actually creates microfibres as well. And these microfibres tend to pass into the air, so they pass into the air into the room around us, into the air into our homes. And it's much, much harder to characterise this release. It's really hard to understand the rate of release, and there's been very few measurements in terms of how many microfibres are released, and what types of microfibres are really split. Two thirds of the textiles in our home contain plastic to make respect some fraction of these fibres to be microplastics, but we know very little about it. And so this is a picture from an illustration which is taken from a, which we made from a paper by Defalco et al. And so they did some studies in the clean lab, and they estimated that the release of microfibres from clothing is actually similar to the rate of release that you get when you wash them. So it's potentially a really important source of microfibres. Unfortunately there's been very few measurements, and one of the reasons there's been very few measurements is it's quite hard to measure within the whole environment. We're all as environmental scientists, we're used to kind of going out to the field, we can set up our instruments, but actually we need to measure within people's homes and they need to be, you can't just get an empty home, it needs to be home where people are living in, because how we use our homes affects the number of microfibres for them. And for that reason, it actually means that we need to go and kind of get permission of the people living in the home and set up our experiments there. So citizen science is a really attractive way of doing that because you can work with people that are living in the houses, and then you can engage them and then you can create an experiment where you're actually able to, you have the permission to work within other people's homes. So what we've done, what I present here today is data from a pilot version of the homes under the microscope. So we did a pilot project and then we did the main project, the main project is being analysed at the moment. With the pilot project what we did is we deliberately engaged people that we thought would be really engaged in the project. So we went to people that we thought either had quite confident scientifically, or were quite interested in microplastics. So in terms of bias, our population, our participants are slightly biased towards fairly well educated and quite engaged within the scientific process, but it wasn't a particularly easy study that we were asking them to do. So that's why we went for more engaged participants. No, excuse me, we recruited 40 participants across Bristol, 32 of them got into the project, so we've got data from 32, which is a decent fraction of respondents. We gave them eight sample dishes, and we said please put two sample dishes per room in any of any four rooms of your house. We left it up to them which rooms they measured in. We also gave them four microscopes to test, and then we tested an automatic fibre counting tool. So the sample dish that we have here is really simple, it's really cheap as well, which is handy. It's simply a Petri dish with some forensic tape stuck to it, so forensic tape is what the CSI guys used to pick up fingerprints. So it's just sticky tape basically. We put some some letters on the grid, we printed some letters on it, and that's so we can know where we've got microscope image we can tell where exactly on the grid that is, otherwise it's really hard to identify where the fibres are. So we gave them, we gave them each eight sample dishes, and asked them to put them around their house. And so this is the kind of very first look at our data. And we've got a spread of data, this is all the data, all the participants, all the sample dishes, and our average concentration, our average deposition rate of like the fibres is about 1,900 fibres per meter squared per day. So it's quite significant, if you think just in a meter square or a day, it's quite a lot of fibres kind of coming down in the background. There's not very many other studies, so it's reassured to know that we're within the range of the studies that do exist, which is good because we've never really tested this selection technique before. It's very simple, but there's always potential problems with the new collection tape, but it seems to be working, it seems to be getting data in the range of other observations. You can also see there's quite a big range of concentrations, we've got a lot on the lower end and a few kind of up to higher ends. So one thing that we were interested in is we wanted to know what the range is between people's homes. So just some people live in a home with lots of microfibres and other people live in a home with very few or is all quite similar. We have a feeling that we expect people's behavior in the home to affect the number of microfibres, how often you open the windows, you've got lots of carpets, you've got lots of soft furnishings. These things might affect the range of the microfiber concentration in the home. We don't really know. So what this plot here shows, so this is data from each participant. So one box of whisker is kind of across the eight samples that are participants provided. I've just arranged it in decreasing order of concentration just so you can kind of see the range. And what we find is we do have quite a lot of homes, we've got generally quite low microfiber concentration, relatively low range of concentrations. And then obviously we've got some so much higher. So it's a relatively high. I think I was expecting less difference between different homes. So we do have some homes, we've got relatively high microfiber concentrations over here. Looking into this a little bit more. What we tend to find is within those homes is actually one or two rooms within the home that have a high microfiber concentrations pulling the average up. So it's not like their entire home is very full of microfibres. We think it's possible they've got one or two rooms that have a higher microfiber concentration. So that brings me on to the next thing that we looked at. So we asked people in retrospect, we should maybe have said, please put one in the bathroom, one in the kitchen, whatever. But we just said, you know, this is your home. What do you want to find out because we wanted it to be about kind of participant led. So people put it in four different rooms in their home. I mean, most of us got better than the bathroom really, hasn't they? Kitchen living room. And then there was some other things like office study. There was a big other column here because some people put it in like, I don't know, conservatory or the sewing room or something. We didn't really anticipate the range of different rooms that people would have in their house. But what we find from the date is the bedroom in the bathroom are by quite a long way, the rooms that we find the highest microfiber concentration, which is maybe quite not that surprising, I guess, because you have a lot of furniture in the bathroom. You've got a lot of tiles, which, you know, when you're using and create microfibres, I'm surprised they're living here as relatives, they know. I think it depends a little bit on how often people are in these rooms and how often they're using them. So that's something you can potentially dig into in the future. So what we asked people to do, we wanted people to have the experience of like, you know, as a researcher, you look at your data and you have that kind of finding out what you've what you've discovered, you know, actually really being able to examine your data. So we wanted to find a way of giving our participants that experience. So we didn't want them to just measure and post it back to us for us to look in the lab. So what we did is we worked with Mark Hansen at the University of West England, and he developed an image processing tool to count the number of microfibres. So what the participants did is they took photos using a microscope, and then they uploaded it to the website, and he's got this little kind of image processing tool, which tries to count the number of microfibres. Just really exciting for us because we normally count them by hand, which takes quite a long time. It's not perfect. Look at that. It's definitely shows some promise. This is a reason the good one with some which are some images which are worth. So you can see that sometimes the engine tools picking up the letters on the grid switch is something we can create for this is a thread over here which is totally missing completely. What it does do is this one, this one here, it often splits so it takes one fiber and it sees it's two separate fibers so especially when it's very curved it's really struggling with that. But then this is our, this is our pilot project so the idea is that we can use this data to train the imaging tools who have improved recognition in the future. We're also learning that when you ask people to take a photograph or something you get a whole range of different answers we did say you know please put it to the letter so they're you know the right way up and people, although they were really engaged and they gave really good feedback. So what we've had to do is we've had to recreate a lot of the photos in the lab but with the technician going through and they're much higher quality photos, so that gives us a lot more information. So that's kind of something that we're learning in the future. A project which has got relatively cheap kind of collection tools and then if we can get an automated counting thing to work really well then we can quickly scale this project up really nicely, and so we can count a number of fibers quite easily. But where we fall down is we want to characterize the micro fibers we want to know what the composition is. Everybody's interested in micro plastics. We're interested in both micro plastics and micro fibers, but in terms of engaging when you ask people people want to know what fractions plastic they want to know how many micro plastics are in the air. The way that we've done this so far is using a ramen.  So what we did is we first got someone who knows what they're doing to look at it and say you know we think this is cotton we think this is polyester. And then what we did is we ran some of those through the ram spectra, but this is quite expensive and it's very, very slow. And it takes homes is not a big project. It takes quite a lot of lab time to do this. This is a very, very provisional result. I suspect the result from the main will be smaller than this. But at the moment from what we've characterized from the pilot we're finding about 40% of the micro fibers in the sample are micro plastics, mostly polyester. And it's in a lot of clothes and a lot of the fibers that we use a lot fabrics that we use within our home. So this is something that is really the sticking point if you like of our project you want to be able to scale it up so we want to be able to do more homes more studies and we've got data from just over 30 minutes. It's really exciting, but you can imagine you'd want to scale that to a much, much larger project and really what's slowing this down is how we characterize the fibers recently. So just to kind of say that this is our next step so this was the pilot project the main project is being analyzed at the moment. And we have also got a little bit of funding to develop materials for schools. It's quite a fun project. It's something that you could run in schools quite easily. So we've got private school Bradford here kindly do some measurements for us at the moment. And so they're going to give us feedback in terms of what the kids think what they're interested in. We're developing some schools materials to go with that. It would be really nice if we could get the automatic counting tool to work really well because I think it's a really nice example of what kind of image processing to do how can answer some of the society questions. I've not talked about it but we did an absolute ton of evaluation. We wanted to know why our participants took part in what the barriers were the main barrier was times. It was a big project was a lot that we asked of them. But I think it's really important to value, especially if you're doing citizen times what people to have a positive experience in the project. You want them to go away and tell their friends that they took part. It was fun. It was interesting and that they learned something they don't leave feeling taken advantage of in any way top. So that's something that we're really focusing on in terms of making sure that our participants are engaged stay engaged and are kind of happy with the process. And then the final question which we're mulling over and we don't really know what to do about is how we characterise the fibrous more easily but would be really nice to find some way of looking at the image and say that's polyester that would scale up what we can do hugely and very, very quick. But it's not something I know how to do yet. That's great. Thank you.


Hi everybody, this is Rob Horlacher from Project Sandbox, a University of Lethbridge Library initiative. This is the fifth video in a series of videos describing how to print at the University of Lethbridge. This video specifically is going to go over scanning. Prior to actually showing you how to scan a document, there's a couple of things I should mention. The first of which is that the only people who can scan at the University of Lethbridge at the printers you find around campus are faculty, staff and students. This is because you need a valid University of Lethbridge email address to do scanning. That being said, the second thing I want to tell you is be mindful of the file sizes that you create while scanning. If your file size of scanned documents exceeds your email's maximum allowance of document sizes, it's potential that your scan could get dropped. With that being said, let's head over to one of the printers to begin to learn how to scan.  The three printers in the library that will actually do scanning for you is the one on level 11 just outside the Curlab, level 9 and the one at level 10 North. The one at level 10 South unfortunately doesn't have a scanner associated with it, so you won't be able to scan anything there. So to actually start scanning, the first thing you want to do just like with everything is you want to log on to the printer. So once you've chosen the printer you're going to use, you just want to swipe your card. This will bring you into the menu system that you want to look at. From there you can see printing, copying and scanning. Right now we want to choose scanning, but before we do that, if for some reason you get out of the screen, just remember if you hit the home button then print copy scan.  So right now we want to scan. So after you hit the scan button, it'll bring you to the scanning screen. As you can see my start button is grayed out. That's because I'm using a bridge box card. With your U of L ID, this won't be the case. So to scan your documents, the first thing you want to do is open up the printer to where the scanning portion is. Once you're done with that, you want to grab your piece of paper and put it into the back left hand corner of the printer. You'll see a little arrow that will tell you where the corner of your paper should be. After your documents in the printer, you just want to close up the scanning portion. After your documents in the printer, you just want to hit scan settings and make sure that all of your information is correct. If this is getting scanned the way you want it to be scanned, you just hit OK. And then you would just hit start in the bottom right hand corner. Unfortunately, mine's grayed out because I'm using a bridge box card. If you have your U of L ID, you'll be able to hit start and it'll get sent to your email right away. So after you send your scan, the next thing that you'll want to do is just log out of the printer. So you'll hit print copy scan at the top. This will take you to the main menu. Hit log out, hit OK, and then you're logged out again. Thank you for watching. I would also like to thank Printing Services for looking over all this information to make sure that it's still correct. I would also like to remind you that if you're interested in watching more library tutorials, make sure you hit the subscribe button. And if you would like to learn more about printing, you can click on either one of the videos that are right on my right side. Once again, thank you very much for watching this and I hope you come back for more.


Section 27 of Pirates of Panama, The Buccaneers of America by A. O. X. Vimalang, translated by G. A. Williams. This is a LibriVox recording, all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Reading by Laash Rolander. Chapter 17, Part 2 The pirates endeavored to take some of the Indians' prisoners, but they being swifter than the pirates, everyone escaped, leaving eight pirates dead and ten wounded. Yeah, had the Indians been more dexterous in military affairs, they might have defended that passage and not let one man pass. A little while after they came to a large champagne, open and full of fine meadows, hence they could perceive at a distance before them some Indians on the top of a mountain, near the way by which they were to pass. They sent fifty men, the nimblist they had, to try to catch any of them and force them to discover their companions. But all in vain, for they escaped by their nimbleness, and presently showed themselves in another place, hallowing to the English and crying, Allah savanna, Allah savanna, peros ingleses, that is, to the plain, to the plain ye English dogs. Meanwhile the ten pirates that were wounded were dressed and plastered up. Here was a wood and on each side a mountain, the Indians possessed themselves of one and the pirates of the other. Captain Morgan was persuaded the Spaniards had placed an ambush gate there, it lying so conveniently, hereupon he sent two hundred men to search it. The Spaniards and Indians perceiving the pirates to send the mountain did so too, as if they designed to attack them, but being got into the wood, out of the sight of the pirates they were seen no more, leaving the passage open. About night fell a great rain which caused the pirates to march the faster, and seek for houses to preserve their arms from being wet. But the Indians had set fire to everyone, and driven away all their cattle, that the pirates finding neither houses nor victuals might be constrained to return, but after diligent search they found a few shepherds huts, but in them nothing to eat. These not holding many men, they placed in them out of every company a small number, who kept the arms of the rest. Those who remained in the open field endured much hardship that night, the rain not ceasing till morning. Next morning, about break of day, being the ninth of that tedious journey, Captain Morgan marched on, while the fresh air of the morning lasted, for the clouds hanging yet over their heads were much more favourable than the scorching rays of the sun, the way being now more difficult than before. After two hours' march they discovered about twenty Spaniards who observed their motions, they endeavoured to catch some of them, but could not. They suddenly disappearing, and absconding themselves in caves among the rocks, unknown to the pirates. At last ascending a high mountain they discovered the South Sea. This happy sight, as if it were the end of their labours, caused infinite joy among them, hence they could describe also one ship and six boats, which were set forth from Panama, and sailed towards the islands of Tabuga and Tabugila. Then they came to a vale where they found much cattle, whereof they killed good store, here while some killed and flayed cows, horses, bulls and chiefly asses, of which there were most. Others kindled fires and got wood to roast them. Then cutting the flesh into convenient pieces or gobbets, they threw them into the fire, and half carbonated or roasted, they devoured them with incredible haste and appetite. Such was their hunger as they more assembled cannimals than Europeans, the blood many times running down from their beards to their wastes. Having satisfied their hunger, Captain Morgan ordered them to continue the march. Here again he sent before the main body fifty men to take some prisoners, if they could, for he was much concerned that in nine days he could not meet one person to inform him of the condition and forces of the Spaniards. About evening they discovered about two hundred Spaniards who hallowed to the pirates, but they understood not what they said. A little while after they came in sight of the high steeple of Panama. This they no sooner discovered, but they showed signs of extreme joy, casting up their hats into the air, leaping and shouting, just as if they had already obtained the victory and accomplished their designs. All their trumpets sounded and drums beat in token of this alacrity of their minds. Thus they pitched their camp for that night with general content of the whole army waiting with impatience for the morning when they intended to attack the city. This evening appeared fifty horse who came out of the city on the noise of the drums and trumpets to observe as it was thought their motions. They came almost within musket shot of the army with a trumpet that sounded marvelously well. Those on horseback hallowed aloud to the pirates and threatened them saying, peros nos verimos, that is ye dogs we shall meet ye. Having made this menace they returned to the city except only seven or eight horsemen who hoovered their bouts to watch their motions. Immediately after the city fired and ceased not to play their biggest guns all night long against the camp, but with little or no harm to the pirates, whom they could not easily reach. Now also the two hundred Spaniards whom the pirates had seen in the afternoon appeared again, making a show of blocking up the passages that no pirates might escape their hands. But the pirates though in a manner besieged, instead of hearing their blockades as soon as they had placed sentinels about their camp, opened their satchels and without any napkins or plates, fell to eating very heartily the pieces of bulls and horses flesh which they had reserved since noon. This done they laid themselves down to sleep on the grass with great repose and satisfaction, expecting only with impatience the dawning of the next day. The tenth day, be times in the morning, they put all their men in order, and with drums and trumpets sounding marched directly towards the city, but one of the guides decided Captain Morgan not to take the common highway, lest they should find in it many ambush gates. He took his advice and choose another way through the wood, though very irksome and difficult. The Spaniards perceiving the pirates had taken another way they scarce had thought on, were compelled to leave their stops and batteries and come out to meet them. The Governor of Panama put his forces in order, consisting of two squadrons, four regiments of foot and a huge number of wild bulls, which were driven by a great number of Indians, with some Negroes and others to help them. The pirates now upon their march came to the top of a little hill, whence they had a large prospect of the city and Champagne country underneath. Here they discovered the forces of the people of Panama in battle array, to be so numerous that they were surprised with fear, much doubting the fortune of the day. Yeah, few or none there were but wished themselves at home, or at least free from the obligation of that engagement, it's so nearly concerning their lives. Having been some time wavering in their minds, they at last reflected on the straits they had brought themselves into, and that now they must either fight resolutely or die, for no quarter could be expected from an enemy on whom they had committed so many cruelties. Hereupon they encouraged one another, resolving to conquer or spend the last drop of blood. Then they divided themselves into three battalions, sending before 200 Buccaneers who were very dexterous at their guns. Then, descending the hill, they marched directly towards the Spaniards, who in a spacious field waited for their coming. As soon as they drew nigh, the Spaniards began to shout and cry, Viva el Rey! God save the King! And immediately their horse moved against the pirates, but the fields being full of quags and soft underfoot they could not wheel about as they desired. The 200 Buccaneers who went before, each putting one knee to the ground, began the battle briskly with a full volley of shot. The Spaniards defended themselves courageously, doing all they could to disorder the pirates. Their foot endeavored to second the horse, but were constrained by the pirates to leave them. Finding themselves baffled, they attempted to drive the bulls against them behind, to put them into disorder. But the wild cattle ran away, frightened with the noise of the battle. Only some few broke through the English companies, and only tore the colors in pieces, while the Buccaneers shot every one of them dead. The battle having continued two hours, the greatest part of the Spanish horse was ruined, and almost all killed. The rest fled, which the foots seeing and that they could not possibly prevail, they discharged the shot they had in their muskets, and throwing them down fled away every one as he could. The pirates could not follow them, being too much harassed and wearied with their long journey. Many not being able to fly wither they decide hid themselves for that crescent among the shrubs of the seaside, but very unfortunately for most of them being found by the pirates were instantly killed without any quarter. Some religious men were brought prisoners before Captain Morgan, but he being deaf to their cries commanded them all to be pistoled, which was done. Soon after they brought a captain to him whom he examined very strictly, particularly wherein consisted the forces of those of Panama. He answered their whole strength consisted in four hundred horse, twenty-four companies of foot, each of one hundred men complete. Sixty Indians and some Negroes who were to drive two thousand wild bulls upon the English, and thus by breaking their files put them into a total disorder. Beside that in the city they had made trenches and raced batteries in several places, in all which they had placed many guns, and that at the entry of the highway leading to the city they had built a fort mounted with eight great brass guns, defended by fifty men. Captain Morgan having heard this gave orders instantly to march another way, but first he made a review of his men, whereof he found both killed and wounded a considerable number and much greater than had been believed. Of the Spaniards were found six hundred dead on the place besides the wounded and prisoners. The pirates nothing discouraged, seeing their numbers so diminished, but rather filled with greater pride, perceiving what huge advantage they had obtained against their enemies, having rested some time, prepared to march courageously towards the city, plighting their oaths to one another that they would fight till not a man was left alive. With this courage they recommenced their march, either to conquer or be conquered, carrying with them all the prisoners. They found much difficulty in their approach to the city, for within the town the Spaniards had placed many great guns at several quarters, some charged with small pieces of iron and others with mosquito bullets. With all these they saluted the pirates at their approaching and gave them full and frequent broadsides, firing at them incessantly so that unavoidably they lost at every step great numbers of men. But these manifest dangers of their lives, nor the sight of so many as dropped continually at their sides, could deter them from advancing and gaining ground every moment on the enemy. And though the Spaniards never ceased to fire and act the best they could for their defense, yet they were forced to yield after three hours' combat. And the pirates, having possessed themselves, killed and destroyed all that attempted in the least to oppose them. The inhabitants had transported the best of their goods to more remote and occult places, how-bate they found in the city several warehouses well-stocked with merchandise, as well silks and clothes as linen and other things of value. As soon as the first fury of their entrance was over, Captain Morgan assembled his men and commanded them under great penalties not to drink or taste any wine, and the reason he gave for it was because he had intelligence that it was all poisoned by the Spaniards. How-bate it was thought he gave these prudent orders to prevent the debauchery of his people, which he foresaw would be very great at the first, after so much hunger sustained by the way, fearing with all lest the Spaniards seen them in wine should rally and falling on the city, use them as inhumanly as they had used the inhabitants before. Translated by G. A. Williams CHAPTER 18 Captain Morgan sends canoes and boats to the South Sea. He fires the city of Panama. Robberies and cruelties committed there by the pirates till their return to the castle of Chagra. Captain Morgan, as soon as he had placed necessary guards at several quarters within and without the city, commanded twenty-five men to seize a great boat, which had stuck in the mud of the port for want of water, at a low tide. The same day, about noon, he caused fire privately to be set to several great edifices of the city, nobody knowing who were the authors thereof much less on what motives Captain Morgan did it, which are unknown to this day. The fire increased so that before night the greatest part of the city was in flame. Captain Morgan pretended the Spaniards had done it, perceiving that his own people reflected on him for that action. Many of the Spaniards, and some of the pirates, did what they could, either to quench the flame, or by blowing up houses with gunpowder and pulling down others to stop it, but in vain, for in less than half an hour it consumed a whole street. All the houses of the city were built with cedar, very curious and magnificent and richly adorned, especially with hangings and paintings whereof part were before removed, and another great part were consumed by fire. There were in the city, which is the sea of a bishop, eight monasteries, seven for men and one for women, two stately churches, and one hospital. The churches and monasteries were all richly adorned with altarpieces and paintings, much gold and silver, and other precious things, all which the ecclesiastics had hidden. Besides which here were two thousand houses of magnificent building, the greatest part inhabited by merchants, vastly rich. For the rest of less quality and tradesmen, this city contained five thousand more. Here were also many stables for the horses and mules that carried the plate to the king of Spain, as well as private men toward the North Sea. The neighboring fields are full of fertile plantations and pleasant gardens, affording delicious prospects to the inhabitants all the year. The Genoese had in this city a stately house for their trade of negroes. This likewise was by Captain Morgan burnt to the very ground. Besides which building there were consumed two hundred warehouses, and many slaves who had hid themselves therein with innumerable sacks of meal, the fire of which continued four weeks after it had begun. The greatest part of the pirates still encamped without the city, fearing and expecting the Spaniards would come and fight them anew. It being known, they much outnumbered the pirates. This made them keep the field to preserve their forces united, now much diminished by their losses. There wounded, which were many, they put into one church, which remained standing, the rest being consumed by the fire. Besides these decreases of their men, Captain Morgan had sent a convoy of one hundred and fifty men to the castle of Chagra to carry the news of his victory at Panama. They saw often whole troops of Spaniards run to and fro in the fields, which made them suspect their rallying, which they never had the courage to do. In the afternoon Captain Morgan re-entered the city with his troops that everyone might take up their lodgings, which now they could hardly find, few houses having escaped the fire. Then they sought very carefully among the ruins and ashes for utensils or plate or gold that were not quite wasted by the flames. And of such they found no small number, especially in wells and cisterns, where the Spaniards had hid them. Next day Captain Morgan dispatched away two troops of one hundred and fifty men each, stout and well armed, to seek for the inhabitants who were escaped. These having made several excursions up and down the fields, woods and mountains adjacent, returned after two days bringing above two hundred prisoners, men, women and slaves. The same day returned also the boat which Captain Morgan had sent to the South Sea, bringing three other boats which they had taken. But all these prizes they could willingly have given and greater labor into the bargain for one galleon which miraculously escaped. Richly laden with all the king's plate, jewels and other precious goods, of the best and richest merchants of Panama, on board which were also the religious women of the nunnery, who had embarked with them all the ornaments of their church, consisting in much gold, plate and other things of great value. The strength of this galleon was inconsiderable, having only seven guns and ten or twelve muskets, and very ill provided with victuals, necessaries and fresh water, having no more sales than the uppermost of the mainmist. This account the pirates received from someone who had spoken with seven mariners belonging to the galleon, who came ashore in the cock-boat for fresh water. Hence they concluded they might easily have taken it, had they given her chase, as they should have done. But they were impeded from following this vastly rich prize by their gluttony and drunkenness. Having plentifully debauched themselves with several rich wines, they found ready, choosing rather to satiate their appetites than to lay hold on such huge advantage, since this only prize would have been a far greater value than all they got at Panama and the places they're about. Next day, repenting of their negligence, being weary of their vices and debaucheries, they set forth another boat, well-armed, to pursue with all speed the said galleon, but in vain, the Spaniards who were on board having had intelligence of their own danger one or two days before, while the pirates were cruising so near them, whereupon they fled to places more remote and unknown. The pirates found, in the ports of the island of Tavoga and Tavoguilla, several boats laden with very good merchandise, all which they took and brought to Panama, where they made an exact relation of all that had passed to Captain Morgan. The prisoners confirmed what the pirates said, adding that they undoubtedly knew where the galleon might then be, but that it was very probable they had been relieved before now from other places. This stirred up Captain Morgan anew to send forth all the boats in the port of Panama to seek the said galleon till they could find her. These boats, being in all four, after eight days cruising to and fro and searching several ports and creeks, lost all hopes of finding her. Hereupon they returned to Tavoga and Tavoguilla. Here they found a reasonable good-ship, newly come from Peta, laden with cloth, soap, sugar, and biscuit, with twenty thousand pieces of eight. This they instantly seized, without the least resistance, as also a boat which was not far off, on which they laded great part of the merchandises from the ship with some slaves. With this purchase they returned to Panama, somewhat better satisfied, yet with all much discontented, that they could not meet with the galleon. The convoy which Captain Morgan had sent to the castle of Chagra returned much about the same time, bringing with them very good news. For while Captain Morgan was on his journey to Panama, those he had left in the castle of Chagra had sent for two boats to cruise. These met with the Spanish ship which they chased within sight of the castle. This being perceived by the pirates in the castle, they put forth Spanish colors to deceive the ship that fled before the boats, and the poor spandards thinking to take refuge under the castle were caught in a snare and made prisoners. The cargo on board the said vessel consisted in victuals and provisions than which nothing could be more opportune for the castle, where they began already to want things of this kind. This good luck of those of Chagra caused Captain Morgan to stay longer at Panama, ordering several new excursions into the country round about. And while the pirates at Panama were upon these expeditions, those at Chagra were busy in piracies on the North Sea. Captain Morgan sent forth, daily, parties of two hundred men to make inroads into all the country round about. And when one party came back another went forth, who soon gathered much riches and many prisoners. These being brought into the city were put to the most exquisite tortures to make them confess both other people's goods and their own. Here it happened that one poor wretch was found in the house of a person of quality who had put on, amidst the confusion, a pair of taffety britches of his masters with a little silver key hanging out, perceiving which they asked him for the cabinet of the said key. His answer was he knew not what was become of it, but that finding those britches in his master's house he had made bold to wear them. Not being able to get any other answer, they put him on the rack, and, inhumanly, disjointed his arms. Then they twisted a cord about his forehead, which they wrung so hard that his eyes appeared as big as eggs, and were ready to fall out. But with these torments not obtaining any positive answer, they hung him up by the wrists, giving him many blows and stripes under that intolerable pain and posture of body.   Thus did many others of those miserable prisoners finish their days, the common sport and recreation of these pirates being such tragedies. Captain Morgan, having now been at Panama full three weeks, commanded all things to be prepared for his departure. He ordered every company of men to seek so many beasts of carriage as might convey the spoil to the river where his canoes lay. About this time there was a great rumour that a considerable number of pirates intended to leave Captain Morgan, and that, taking a ship then in port, they determined to go and rob on the South Sea, till they got as much as they thought fit, and then return homewards by way of the West Indies. For which purpose they had gathered much provisions, which they had hid in private places, with sufficient powder, bullets, and all other ammunition, likewise some great guns belonging to the town, muskets, and other things, wherewith they designed not only to equip their vessel, but to fortify themselves in some island which might serve them for a place of refuge. This design had certainly taken effect, had not Captain Morgan had timely advice of it from one of their comrades. Hereupon he commanded the maideness of the said ship to be cut down and burnt, with all the other boats in the port. Hereby the intentions of all or most of his companions were totally frustrated. Then Captain Morgan sent many of the Spaniards into the adjoining fields, and country, to seek for money, to ransom not only themselves, but the rest of the prisoners, as likewise the ecclesiastics. Moreover he commanded all the artillery of the town to be nailed and stopped up. At the same time he sent out a strong company of men to seek for the governor of Panama, of whom intelligence was brought that he had laid several ambuscades in the way by which he ought to return. But they returned soon after, saying they had not found any sign of such ambuscades. For confirmation whereof they brought some prisoners who declared that the said governor had had an intention of making some opposition, by the way, but that the men designed to effect it were unwilling to undertake it, so that for want of means he could not put his design in execution. February 24, 1671 Captain Morgan departed from Panama, or rather from the place where the city of Panama stood. Of the spoils whereof he carried with him 175 beasts of carriage, laden with silver, gold, and other precious things. Beside about 600 prisoners, men, women, children, and slaves. That day they came to a river that passes through a delicious plain, a league, from Panama. Here Captain Morgan put all his forces into good order, so that the prisoners were in the middle, surrounded on all sides with pirates, where nothing else was to be heard but lamentations, cries, shrieks, and doleful sighs of so many women and children who feared Captain Morgan designed to transport them all into his own country for slaves. Besides all those miserable prisoners endured extreme hunger and thirst at that time, which misery Captain Morgan designededly caused them to sustain, to excite them, to seek for money, to ransom themselves. According to the tax he had set upon every one. Many of the women begged Captain Morgan on their knees with infinite sighs and tears to let them return to Panama, there to live with their dear husbands and children in little huts of straw which they would erect, seeing they had no houses till the rebuilding of the city. But his answer was, he came not thither to hear lamentations and cries, but to seek money. Therefore they ought first to seek out that, wherever it was to be had, and bring it to him. Otherwise he would assuredly transport them all to such places whether they cared not to go. Next day, when the march began, those lamentable cries and shrieks were renewed, so as it would have caused compassion in the hardest heart. But Captain Morgan, as a man little given to mercy, was not moved in the least. They marched in the same order as before, one party of the pirates in the van, the prisoners in the middle, and the rest of the pirates in the rear, by whom the miserable Spaniards were at every step punched and thrust in their backs and sides, with the blunt ends of their arms, to make them march faster. A beautiful lady, wife to one of the richest merchants of Tavoga, was led prisoner by herself between two pirates. Her lamentations pierced the skies, seeing herself carried away into captivity, often crying to the pirates, and telling them that she had given orders to two religious persons in whom she had relied to go to a certain place and fetch so much money as her ransom did amount to, that they had promised faithfully to do it, but, having obtained the money, instead of bringing it to them, to her, they had employed it another way, to ransom some of their own and particular friends. This ill action of theirs was discovered by a slave who brought a letter to the said lady. Her complaints, and the cause thereof, being brought to Captain Morgan, he thought fit to inquire therein too. Having found it to be true, especially hearing it confirmed by the confession of the said religious men, though under some frivolous exercises of having diverted the money, but for a day or two, in which time they expected more sums to repay it, he gave liberty to the said lady, whom otherwise he had given to her. He was only designed to transport to Jamaica, but he detained the said religious men as prisoners in her place, using them according to their desserts. Captain Morgan, arriving at the town called Cruz, on the banks of the river Chagra, he published an order among the prisoners, that within three days everyone should bring in their ransom under the penalty of being transported to Jamaica. Meanwhile he gave orders for so much rice and maize to be collected thereabouts, as was necessary for victualing his ships. Here some of the prisoners were ransomed, but many others could not bring in their money. Hereupon he continued his voyage, leaving the village on the fifth of March following, carrying with him all the spoil he could. Hence he likewise led away some new prisoners, inhabitants there, with those in Panama, who had not paid their ransom, but the two religious men, who had diverted the lady's money, were ransomed three days after by other persons, who had more compassion for them than they had showed for her. About the middle of the way to Chagra, Captain Morgan commanded them to be mustered, and caused everyone to be sworn, that they had concealed nothing, even not to the value of sixpence. This done, Captain Morgan knowing those lewd fellows would not stick to swear falsely for interest, he commanded every one to be searched very strictly, both in their clothes and satchels and elsewhere. Gay that this order might not be taken ill by his companions, he permitted himself to be searched, even to his very shoes. To this effect by common consent one was assigned out of every company to be searchers of the rest. The French pirates that assisted on this expedition disliked this new practice of searching, but being outnumbered by the English they were forced to submit as well as the rest. The search being over they re-embarked, and arrived at the castle of Chagra on the 9th of March. Here they found all things in good order, excepting the wounded men whom they had left at their departure, for of these the greatest number were dead of their wounds. From Chagra Captain Morgan sent, presently after his arrival, a great boat to Puerto Bello, with all the prisoners taken at the Isle of St. Catherine, demanding of them a considerable ransom for the castle of Chagra, where he then was, threatening, otherwise, to ruin it. To this those of Puerto Bello answered, they would not give one farthing towards the ransom of the said castle, and the English might do with it as they pleased. Hereupon the dividend was made of all the spoil made in that voyage. Every company and every particular person therein receiving their proportion, or rather, what part thereof Captain Morgan pleased to give them, for the rest of his companions, even of his own nation, murmured at his proceedings, and told him to his face that he had reserved the best jewels to himself. For they judged it impossible that no greater share should belong to them than two hundred pieces of eight, per capita, of so many valuable plunders they had made, which small some they thought too little for so much labor, and such dangers as they had been exposed to. But Captain Morgan was deaf to all this, and many other like complaints, having designed to cheat them of what he could. At last finding himself obnoxious to many censures of his people, and fearing the consequence, he thought it unsafe to stay any longer at Chagra, but ordered the ordinance of the castle to be carried on board his ship. Then he caused most of the walls to be demolished, the edifices to be burnt, and as many other things ruined as could be done in a short time. This done he went secretly on board his own ship, without giving any notice to his companions, and put out to sea, being only followed by three or four vessels of the whole fleet. These were such, as the French pirates believed, as went shares with Captain Morgan in the best part of the spoil, which had been concealed from them in the dividend. The French men could willingly have revenged themselves on Captain Morgan and his followers, had they been able to encounter him at sea, but they were destitute of necessaries, and had much adieu to find sufficient provisions for their voyage to Jamaica, he having left them unprovided for all things. End of Chapter 18. End of Pirates of Panama. By A. O. X. Camillin. Translated by G. A. Williams. Read for LibriVox. By Dennis Sayers. In Modesto, California. Winter. 2008.


Under the visionary leadership of Honourable Prime Minister Shree Narendra Modi ji, India is marching ahead with the resolve to ensure health care for all. Comprehensive steps have been taken in the last 8 years to improve the condition of the dilapidated medical infrastructure before 2014. Looks like 1,50,000 Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centers and PM Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission are creating a network of health care services for primary and tertiary health care. The poor are getting free treatment under Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogeyochna. Medical health IDs are made to digitalize health records. 15 new aims in last 8 years. Number of medical colleges increase from 387 to 596 and seats in medical colleges go up from 82,000 to 1.5 lakh. With these efforts, today the country is on the path of self-reliance in the health care. Honourable Prime Minister Shree Narendra Modi has always emphasized that we see a person's disability with our eyes. But our interaction tells us the person has an extra power. Intune with his vision of considering, specially abled as Divyang, persons with divine power. All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysuru is serving the people with full dedication towards promoting the quality of life of persons with speech and hearing disability. The institute is a pioneer national organization working under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. New challenges have come up due to increasing number of patients requiring specialized care as well as emerging new technological solutions. So, the need was felt to equip this institute with latest infrastructure and this centre of excellence has been set up with five research, five clinical and two outreach centres. This world-class centre is being inaugurated today by Honourable Prime Minister Shree Narendra Modiji. Five new clinical centres will serve additional 15,000 beneficiaries for treatment of various speech and hearing disorders and 12,000 beneficiaries for rehabilitation. The five research centres will develop and document evidence-based practices needed for communication disorders. It will also undertake basic and applied interdisciplinary research in speech, language and hearing sciences and disorders with a special focus on the Divyang in India. Two outreach centres will connect the masses and create awareness on prevention, early identification and intervention of communication disorders. This centre will generate knowledge to improve the holistic understanding of problems of persons with communication disorders. With this new centre of excellence, not only the state of Karnataka but entire region as well as the country will get specialized services for speech and hearing disorders.


It's theCUBE, covering Fortinet Security Summit. Brought to you by Fortinet. Hey, welcome back to theCUBE's coverage of Fortinet's championship series, Cybersecurity Summit here in Napa Valley. Fortinet is sponsoring the PGA Tour event, kicking off the season here, and theCUBE is here as part of the coverage. And today is Cybersecurity Day, where they bring their top customers in. We got Glenn Cass, SVP General Manager, Comcast Enterprise Solutions. Glenn, thanks for coming on theCUBE. Thanks for taking time out of your day to stop it. No, this is great. This is great. Tell me if you explain what you guys do in the Comcast Business Enterprise Group. Yeah, so Comcast Business we're a part of Comcast overall. I always like to explain what Comcast really is. If you look at Comcast, it's a technology innovation company by itself. That happens to focus on communications and media type of markets, right? And if you look at the Comcast side, or the communication side, it's really everything residential with customers. Then there's us, Comcast Business. And we're the fastest growing entity over the last 15 years within Comcast. We started in small business, voice video and data to small businesses. Then we moved up to provide fiber, ethernet type of transport to mid-market. And then my group started in 2014. And what we do is focus on managed services. Doesn't matter who the transport layer is for enterprise, Fortune 1000 type companies. And then we layer in all these managed water and network services. So that's my business unit. Well, we appreciate it. We're a customer, by the way, in Palo Alto, Comcast Business, so we want to give a shout out to you guys. Let's get into the talk you're giving here about cybersecurity because, I mean, right now with the pandemic, people are working at home. Obviously, everyone knows the future of work is hybrid now. You're going to see more of decentralized, DeFi and or virtual spaces where people don't want to work anywhere. And businesses want to have that extension. This is what people are talking about. And it's not new, but it's kind of new in the sense of reality. You've got to execute. This is a big challenge. It is. What's your thoughts on that? Well, it's a big challenge. And it's one of the things that I'll try to be, I'll speak to this afternoon here, which is at least from the enterprise perspective, which includes the headquarters, the enterprise, the branch locations, the digital commerce, everywhere else, commerce is being done. It's not just out of store anymore. It's everywhere, even if you only have a store. And then you have the remote worker aspect. And when you do that to your point earlier, we're not in that Fortress sort of security mentality anymore. There's no more DMZs, it's done. And so you've got to get down to the zero trust type of network architecture. And how do you put that together? And how does that work? Not just for remote workers that have to access the enterprise applications, but also for simple consumers or the business customers of these enterprises that have to do business from a mobile phone or in the store. What are some of the challenges you hear from your customers? Obviously, businesses have to defend themselves now. The attacks are there. There's no pyramid, as you mentioned. There's more edge happening. Like I said, people are going to go home. What are the top challenges that you're hearing from customers? So the biggest challenge, and this is, I would think this is mostly focused on the enterprise side of it, is that it's two interesting phenomena is going on. This is sort of beginnings before the pandemic, and then of course the pandemic. The role of the CIO has been elevated. So now they have a real seat at the table, budgets are increasing to a point. But the expertise needed in these IT departments for these large enterprises, it's impossible to do what you were just talking about, which is create a staff of people that can do everything from enterprise applications, e-commerce, analytics, the network, how do you secure that network all the way down to the end users, right? So it's that middle portion that's the biggest challenge because that takes a lot of work and a lot of effort, and that's where folks like Comcast can come in and help them out. That's their biggest challenge. They can handle the enterprise, they can handle the remote workers, they can handle their own applications which are continually trying to be, have to be, it's competitive out there, it's that middle area, that communications layer that they're challenged with. Yeah, and John Madison's this EVP, CMO, Fortinet, it's always talking about negative unemployment in cybersecurity, never mind just the staff that do cyber.  So how do you get cyber as a service? Well, so it's even bigger than that. It's not just a cyber as a service because it's now a big package. That's what Sassi really is. Sassi's secure access service edge. But think of it, what I think of it is you've got remote users, remote workers, mobile apps on one side, you've got applications, enterprise, or commercial that are now moved into different cloud locations, and in the middle you've got two real fundamental layers. The network, and that includes the actual transport, the software defined, wider networking components, everything that goes with that, that's the network as a service. And then you've got the secure web gateway portion which includes everything to secure all the data going back and forth between your remote laptop, the point of sales, and let's say the cloud based applications. So that's really the center stage right there. And the cloud has brought more services to the top of the stack.  If you're down stack with network and transport, those are problems that you have to solve on behalf of your customers. And make that almost invisible to them, that's your job. That's our job, that's our job as a service provider.  That's kind of the MPLS legacy TDM.  Now it's different. Now everybody needs broadband. Well, guess what? Comcast is a big company, but we don't have broadband everywhere. AT&T doesn't have it, Verizon doesn't have it, Charter doesn't have it, right? So you need, so now that think about that from enterprise, I'm gonna go, I'll give you an example. All of our customers to fulfill a nationwide network just for the broadband infrastructure, that's, you know, redundant if you wanna think of it that way, we source probably 200 to 300 different providers to provide a ubiquitous network nationwide for broadband. Then we wrap a layer of the SD-WAN infrastructure for that as an example over the top of that, right? You can't do that by yourself. I mean people try and they fail and that's the role of a managed service provider like us is to pull all that together, take that away, we have that expertise. Well, I think this is a really interesting point. Let's just unpack that just for a second. In the old days, we want to do an interconnect. You had a agreement because you have your own stuff. Do an interconnect, you connect. Now there's all this mishmash. You get a traverse multiple hops, different networks. Different owners. You don't know what's on that, hygiene. You don't. So you guys have to basically stitch this together, hang it together and make it work, and you guys put software on the top and make sure it's cool, is that what works? Software and different technology components for the SD-WAN and then we would deliver it ashore and manage all that and that's what I really like what's happening in the industry, at least in terminology, which is, you have to try to simplify that because it's very, very complicated. But I'm gonna give you the network as a service. I mean I'm gonna give you all the transport and you don't have to worry about it. I'm gonna rent you the SD-WAN technology and then I'm gonna have in my gateways all these security components for firewalls of service, zero trust network access, cloud brokerage services. So I will secure all of your data as you go to the cloud and do all of that for you. That's really what we bring to the table and that's what is really, really hard for enterprises to do today. Just because they can't, the expertise needed to do that is just not there. Well, what's interesting is that first of all, you have to do it now because the reality of your business now is if you don't do it, you won't have customers but you're making it easier for them so they don't have to think about it. But now you bring in hybrid networking, hybrid cloud, they call it, or multicloud. It's essentially distributed computing. It's essentially what you're doing but with multiple topologies. I got an edge device, if I'm a business, it could be someone working at home or it could be my retail or whatever it could be. So edge is just an extension of what you guys already do and is that right? Am I getting that right? Yeah, that's exactly right. But the point is is to make it economic and to make it really work for the, and use if you're a branch, you may have a application that's still being run via VPN but you also need Wi-Fi internet for your customers because you want them to use your mobile device. They've entered into your store and you want to be able to track that, right? And push something to them. And then you've got the actual store applications, could be point of sales, could be back of house, that's going up to AWS, Azure, whatever, right? And that all has to be, it all has to come from one particular branch and someone has to be able to manage that capability. It's funny, just as you're talking, just when I'm thinking, okay, facial recognition, high bandwidth requirements. Huge high bandwidth requirements. Processing at the edge becomes huge. It does. So that becomes a new dynamic. It does. For you guys, it's got to be more dynamic. It's not a static IP endpoint. Well, I'll give you another example. Let's say it seems silly but it's so important from a business perspective. Your quick service restaurant. Yeah. The amount of digital sales from applications are just skyrocketing. And if you yourself, particularly in the pandemic, you order something, well that goes up through the cloud, comes back through, goes to the point of sales and then the back of house network in a particular restaurant. If that doesn't get there because one line of, you only have one internet connection and it's down, which sometimes happens, right?  It's so important. So what's being pushed down to the edge is reliable broadband, hybrid networks where you have a primary wire line and a secondary wire line, maybe a tertiary wireless or whatever and then a box, a device that can manage between those two so that you can keep that 99.99% availability at your branch just for those simple types of applications. You know, Glenn, as you're talking, most people when we talk tech like this, it's mostly inside the robes, hey, I can get it. But most people can relate with the pandemic because they've ordered with their phone on them with the QR code. Exactly right. They see the menu. That's right. They get now what's happening. That's right. That their phone is now connected to the service. That's right. This is not going away. The new normal's here. No, it's absolutely here. I've seen, there are many, many companies that already knew this and understood this pre-pandemic and they had already changed their infrastructure to really fit what I was calling that network as a service and a SASE model in different ways.  But then there was this, now there's a much bigger push in prioritization. Again, CIO is saying, hey, I asked for this before. It's not like the CIO didn't know, but management said, well, maybe it wasn't important. Now it is. And so you're seeing this actual amazing surge in business requests and requirements to go to the model that we're all talking about here, which is that SASE type of implementation, high-speed broadband, that's not going away for the same reason, and you need a resilient network, right? You can't do that. Yeah, it's interesting, best practice. Let's just take that advice to the audience. I want to get your thoughts because people who didn't do any R&D or experimentation prior to the pandemic didn't have cloud, wasn't thinking about this new architecture, got put flat-footed. Exactly. And they were getting indoor out of business. Correct. If people who were on the right side of that took advantage as a tailwind and they got lift. That's exactly right. So what is the best practice? How should a business think about putting their toe in the water a little bit or jumping in and getting immersed in the new architecture? What advice would you give? Because people don't want to be in the wrong side of history. No, they don't. What's your advice, best practice? I may sound biased, but I'm really not trying to be biased and this will be some of the things I'll speak about here later today. You have to try, you as the end user, the enterprise customer to fulfill these types of needs. You've got to really probe your managed service providers. You've got to understand which ones not just can give you a nice technology presentation and maybe a POC, but who's going to be there for the long term? Who has the economic wherewithal to be able to give the resources and needs to do what I was talking about? Which is you're going to outsource your entire network to me and a good portion of your security for the network to a service provider. That service provider has to be able to provide all of that, has to be able to have the financial capabilities to be able to provide you with an operating type of model, not you have to buying equipment all the time. That service provider has to be able to have teams that can deliver all of that, two hard to 300 different types of providers, aggregate all of that and then be there for day two. Simple thing, like if most companies, if you're not a really large location, you can't afford to double types of routers that are connected and if one fails, you have failover, right? Most of them will have one router and they'll have two backup paths. Well, what happens if that router or a single switch fails? You need to have a mean time to repair of four hours. I mean, that's kind of basic in it. Well, to do that, how do you do that? You've got to have depots around the entire country. These are the types of questions that any enterprise customer should be probing their managed service provider, right? It's not just about the technology, it's about how can you deliver this and assure this going forward. And agility too, because if things do change rapidly, being agile means shifting and being flexible with your business. That's exactly right. And that's important too. That's a really important question and the agility comes from this financial agility, right? New threat, new box, I want this old one, I'm going to upgrade to a different type of service. The service provider should be able to do that with having to force you to go get some more CapEx and buy some more stuff. Okay, that's number one. But the other agility is every enterprise is different. Every enterprise believes that its network is the only network in the world. And they have opinions and they've tested different technologies and you're going to have to adapt a little bit to that. And if you don't, you're not going to get a lot of business. It's funny, the old days, non-disruptive operations was like a benefit. We have non-disruptive, now it's a table stakes. You can't disrupt business. You can't, you can't. You can't. At the branch, at the remote worker, if you're on a Zoom call or whatever or you're on a Teams call, we've all been there, we're still doing it. If it breaks in the middle of a presentation to a customer, that's a problem. Glenn, thanks for coming on theCUBE with Great Insight. Are you excited? Golf, are you going to get out there? Hit the range. I played golf a lot when I was younger, but I haven't. And so I have a few other things I do, but I guess I'm going to have to learn. Now that we're also a sponsor of PGA, so yeah, for sure. Great, well great to have you on and have great talk. Thanks for coming on and sharing your insight. I appreciate it. This is great, I appreciate it, thank you. Okay, CUBE coverage here, Napa Valley with Fortinet's Cybersecurity Summit is part of their PGA tour event that's happening this weekend. I'm John Furrier of theCUBE. Thanks for watching.


Hey guys, Drew with GeoWarm back to talk to you about the M2M Mn02-LTE and its connection into the GE Concorde 4 panel. Super easy to do. It's only going to be four wires. We're going to be using the red, the black, the green and the yellow wires. The other two, which is orange and white, in this case can be peeled back because they are not going to be used so you can tie them off or tape them off or cut them, whatever you'd like to do. Just make sure that there's nothing exposed and in the way on it. So I'm going to go ahead and just wrap these just to get them out of the way, but you need to cut them or throw some tape over them if you're not going to be using key switch, which if you have questions about that give us a call. We can definitely get you to walk through that. Now this is the actual M2M device. It's got its antenna already connected to it. I went ahead and did that beforehand. You want to make sure to mount that outside of the box somewhere. It's got a magnet on it. It's pretty nice. So it connects. We'll go ahead and we'll get this thing connected. So the first thing we're going to want to do is we're going to want to get our connection separated. So as I said, yellow and green are going to be used for communications specifically. So we're going to put those over here and then we have the red and black wire, which is going to be for power. So we'll go ahead and get the red and black wire in first. Now prior to doing this, you need to make sure that your GE Concord 4 panel is completely powered down. You're going to unplug the backup battery and you're also going to unplug the power supply. Once you do that, just confirm that it's completely powered down by checking your key pads and verifying that the key pads are also dead. But once you have a dead panel, we'll go ahead and we'll get this wired in. So the first connection we're going to make is going to be the ground connection, which is going to be the black wire here. And that is going to go to terminal number three, like so. Once you get that in there, go ahead and get that screwed in place and tightened up. There's probably going to be other wires in there. So just put this in there along with it because those wires are using this ground for something. So the next wire we're going to do is the red wire. That is going to be for positive power. So we're going to wire that into terminal number four, which will also have wires in it. Get this tightened down and in place along with that. Once you've done that, then this thing is wired for power and ready to go on that. Now the next two connections we're going to make are going to be the yellow and green wire, which are going to be for tip and ring, respectively. And as you can see, it's already labeled on there. So what we're going to do is we are going to go with the green wire to terminal 28, which is ring. Get that tightened in place. And then you're going to get the yellow wire and you're going to take that to terminal number 25 and you're going to get that tightened in place. Now if terminal 25, 26, 27, and 28 on the Concord 4 panel, they have any wires in there. You need to get them out of there because this is the only two wires that need to be in these slots here to the far right. The reason being this is the communications for phone line. So anything in terminals 25, 26, 27, and 28 that doesn't belong to the M2 unit needs to be taken up. Once you have these connections made, you're going to go ahead and get your system powered back on and then give us a call for activation of this M2M MN02 LTE device. Make sure to subscribe to our YouTube page and click the Show More tab underneath the video where you can view valuable links pertaining to this product, similar how-to videos, and our low-cost, no-contract alarm monitoring services.