Previously on my channel. Should we really be focusing on quantity? My rep hopes are not as big. Quickly read about 10 to 15 books a month.  Do I wanted to change the videos I was making? Hey guys, it's Julia and for today's video I'm going to be concluding my booktube rut series. This is basically a collab series where I have gotten other booktubers to contribute to this discussion as well as myself and discussing certain topics starting the booktube community. For the finale, which is this video, I wanted to kind of celebrate more the booktube community and I've been critiquing it a lot in the last two videos, so I wanted to show some appreciation for it because it has done a lot for me personally and for so many other people. Today we're going to be talking about why we love the booktube community and why it's a good community to be a part of and the perks of it and the community aspect of everybody involved and just analyzing some of these strong suits of the community. Some people are joining me to give their thoughts on this topic and yeah I'm super excited about it so let's get right into it. Hi everybody, it is Julie from Pages and Pens and I want to say a huge thank you to Julia for putting together this series of videos. I love having these conversations within our community which is a fantastic tie-in to the first thing that I want to talk about and I think that one of the huge strengths of the booktube community is the discussions that we have with one another. This is not just a platform where we discuss books which is why I originally joined. I just wanted to have people that I could talk about my love of books with but the reason why I stay, the reason why this community is growing the way that it's growing I believe is because of the discussions that we're having on this platform and how incredibly valid and necessary they are. I truly believe that booktube is becoming a lot more influential in the publishing world and I think that we're starting to set a standard for what we expect to see in books in the authors that we're choosing to support, the messages that we're choosing to support and our voices have so much power. You're seeing that in the movies that are starting to come out based on books because people know that the market is there, the community is there, the voices are there that are saying that these are the stories that we want to hear, these are the stories we want to read. I think that it's a really really powerful platform for change. I personally just love reading so if I could just do nothing but continue to read books I would be a very very happy person but the fact that the books that I'm reading and the discussions that I'm having within this community are also bettering the world that we live in is amazing to me. I just think it is one of the most inclusive diverse amazing communities where we're having discussions that are sometimes really hard to have. I think a lot of the times for me personally they're difficult to have as a white cisgender straight woman however I think that there are so many opportunities for me to learn, for me to grow, for everybody to learn, for everybody to grow, for everybody to share what they love. Having been a part of the beauty community and also the booktube community there is the most cross promotion and cross support. There are so many booktubers that I watch that don't read anything close to what I read but I still watch because I genuinely enjoy their personality, their platform, their voice and their message or I'm getting great recommendations from people that I trust and value and I think that the connections that are made here, the friendships that are made here are opportunities to actually go and see one another. I was lucky enough to actually meet Julia at BookCon and it was one of the most amazing highlights of that trip for me. I think that this is providing opportunities for people who are maybe introverted or maybe have social anxieties or anxiety in general or don't have people in real life that read to be able to form connections based off of a really really powerful shared passion. Whether it's bookstagram or book twitter, sometimes messy discussions are being had but important discussions are being had. That's what I consider to be our greatest strength is the support and encouragement that we provide one another and the way that we build one another up. I know that there are people that are in this community that don't feel a part of the community the way that maybe other people do and if that's the case I really do want to encourage you to just say hello. It really is that simple. I have never once commented on a video or on a twitter thread and said hey I would love to talk to you I'd love to be friends can we be besties. I have never had somebody be like yeah no no thanks not interested. If you are by some chance feeling on the outskirts of the community I really do encourage you to say hello to comment. Everybody's here because they want to talk about books so go ahead and say hi we're all here for one common reason and that's a really really powerful unifier and when you're a reader it's so deeply a part of yourself and when you can connect to other people on that deep part of yourself level that's a really really strong and beautiful thing. That is why I am so so thrilled to be a part of Booktube it's why I hope that you are too and if you're considering having a channel and you haven't yet I encourage you to do it and thank you again Julia for putting all of this together and bringing your community even closer by continuing conversations that really do matter. Hey guys my name is Peyton from the channel Peyton Reads and I am here today because Julia kindly asked me to add on to this video so hopefully it goes well. Our topic of discussion is basically the perks of the Booktube community. Sometimes we forget about the positives that Booktube brings to all of us and I think it is really important that we discuss and let people know who are not aware what this community can bring for you. I've been making Booktube videos since 2014 so it's almost five years now and I can truly say that Booktube has been such a huge part of my life and it's made my life so much better. I don't really even know where I would be without this outlet. It's been something like a creative outlet for me and it's been a place for me to go when I didn't know what to do and I've met some of my absolute best friends in the whole world from Booktube and I really wish we lived near each other but that's the fun part about Booktube. It brings you together with people that you probably never would have met but you're brought together because you love books and it's absolutely an amazing thing in my opinion. I don't know if my Booktube friends know it but they really helped me get through some hard times just knowing that I had someone who was kind to talk to. That's probably the number one reason why I love Booktube so much and I continue to be a part of it just because I love talking about books. That was the main reason why I joined Booktube because I watched some Booktube videos and I just couldn't help but want to make my own videos and talk about all the books that I loved and all the books that I was currently reading and getting answers back on what people thought about what I said. It also introduced me to a bunch of people who also liked reading because in my real life or not my real life, just my everyday life, I don't know anyone but a few people who like to read and will talk to me about it. Another amazing thing about the community is it definitely encourages people to read more. When I first found Booktube, I wasn't the biggest reader. I did read but I didn't read as much as I do now and as I continued with Booktube and watching Booktube, I've continued to read more and find more books that I never would have found if I did not have it. I've been introduced to so many new books and that also brings up the topic of how Booktube helps authors. Authors get discovered more often just because we are talking about the books and we have a whole community around it so we are all doing a word of mouth about these books and it in turn helps out the authors who definitely need it. So that's all I got for you today and I will turn it on to whoever's next if I'm last then cool. Bye. Hey everyone, my name is Zariah Rose and my channel is my name Zariah Rose and I am so grateful for Julia allowing me to be in this video. Thank you so much. I really appreciate it. This video is so special to me because it is about a topic that is special to me which is Booktube and Booktube is wonderful for so many reasons and while we all know that the community isn't without flaws and nothing can be completely perfect, overall it is such a wonderful corner of the internet and I truly take so much pride in it. I think one of the incredible things about Booktube is that when you actually reach out to people, they usually respond and it's so easy to make friends here. It's so easy to find new people to talk to. The more you reach out, the more people will reach out to you, so you really get what you give and it's a great community in that sense. But one of my all-time favorite things about joining Booktube is just back to the basics. It may sound really simple but one of my favorite things about being in the bookish community is how much more it has helped me read. I have found so many incredible book recommendations through being in the bookish community and through seeing what other people are talking about and through wanting to be able to join in the discussion and through finding people ranting and raving and just gushing about their favorite books. I have grown a TBR that could devour the world with its size and I'm not even mad about it. I am so excited that I have so many more books to look forward to and to read and that I have guidance from so many people that I know enjoy similar things as me. But in addition to that, I have just consumed so many more books than I used to because I prioritized reading more. Now that my hobby for reading like also ties in with YouTube and creating content and I create content on Instagram and YouTube for books, it has really pushed me to keep up on my reading and to push myself as a reader and reading also goes hand in hand with writing. So all of those things have motivated me to read so much more and like for example in 2018 I'll have read a hundred books in the year and that is an all-time record for me and while it goes without saying that reading is never a competition, it's not about how much you read, it's about what you enjoy and what you're getting out of it and what works for you, for me to see how much I've grown as a reader and how much more I read every year and that I'm finding a pace that is my personal best and something that I've just been enjoying so much and discovering so many new authors and stories and topics, not to mention every single month. My wrap-up has become more and more diverse, not just in diverses in the sense of LGBTQ and people of color and women of color, although that is part of it, but I also read more diverse genres. I include manga, I read adults, I read nonfiction, I read young adult, I read contemporary, I read fantasy, I read audiobooks, I read graphic novels and I have been exposed to so many more different kinds of books and genres than I would have ever tried if I had not found booktube and been exposed to so many wonderful recommendations and ventured out of my box and also experimented for my own channel and it's been so wonderful, I learned a lot about myself, I made a lot of wonderful friends and most of all I have really just celebrated my love of reading and just got to enjoy my passion and that is why I love the booktube and the bookish community so much. Thank you guys for letting me talk to you for a second and thanks for letting me be part of this video, hopefully it wasn't way too long. Some of you guys said you want to see more of my opinions as well as other people, so I will be sure to do that.  So I personally love the booktube community because no matter what your channel size is, you're always going to be included, that's at least what I feel. No matter how many subscribers I had when I first started, I was always accepted by other community members, I was always included in discussions, I felt like I was always belonging in a sense. Belonging is not my number one goal, I really don't care that much about belonging but it's great to feel like I'm a part of something and that's what I feel in the booktube community and it's great to feel like I can contribute to discussions and that I'm a voice in the community and that people value my opinions and my thoughts and look forward to my videos. That's something that is kind of mind-blowing to me is that people sit around, not sit around and look forward to them, but some people look forward to them and that just means a lot to me. So there's many strong suits of the community such as the community aspect, it's a very welcoming community. I know many people search randomly like the booktube newbie tag to welcome new booktubers into the community which is really great. Part of it because I came from, I did beauty videos and lifestyle videos for a little bit before I found booktube and then I became a part of this community and the transition was like so like my channel wouldn't have gotten where it is if I didn't make that transition and I didn't find what I truly love to make videos about and what I truly love to talk about. Love to hear your personal opinions and I love reading through the comments of the feedback. I just wanted to also say thank you for the love that the first two parts of the series have gotten. It makes me really happy and I'm so glad that you guys have been finding more channels and how the discussion has become more open and things like that. So so I will see you guys all super soon with a new video. Bye!


Yeah and thank you everyone for the opportunity to present this. This is a yeah for sort of ongoing work and I'm very keen to see what discussions lead from it and how we can help contribute. So this is a bit of GA's perspective on matters about quality and starts with a bit of a story that in sometime in 2020 there was a geologist at a junior mineral exploration company needing to make some some very important decisions. We'll call them Jo for the sake of the conversation. So her company was interested in applying for a license to explore for mineral resources in an area near Tener Creek which is in the basically bang in the middle of the Northern Territory. It's looking safe of resources like copper which are sort of very important part of a sort of an electrified low carbon future. So some data that Geoscience Australia acquired in the region had just been released and she would have been very conscious that there were other companies interested in this. So you know time was critical to for her company to make it to put in an application for what's called an exploration license to go and explore in an area. So you know a lot of tension a lot of things riding on that and what it comes down to is basically a question of trust. Could she trust the data that Geoscience Australia had provided? Could she rely on that data and her decision making and if she needed to sort of poke and prod a bit to test the quality of the data did she have the information on hand to do so. So I'll walk you through some of some of the background to that story. So my name is Keith Surkham. I'm the Laboratory Director here at Geoscience Australia in slightly soggy Canberra today. So what I'll do is I'll take you for a journey of the quality of some of the conversations that we've been having around leading quality and more importantly perhaps is actually building the culture around having that conversation and about getting people engaged and recognizing it's you know it's an important part of the work we do. And again I'm very keen to hear your perspectives on that as well. I'll quickly run through what the laboratory actually does and so you've got some context of what we do as well as a quick taste of some of the things that we're working on now in some of the directions we're trying to go in. So quickly just sort of running through the core capabilities of the laboratory. So we have sort of four core capabilities across the laboratory and I'll run you through some of these but I'll really emphasize this is just a very quick highlights reel. There's many capabilities I'm skipping over in the interest of time. I'm sort of happy to talk about it more after the presentation but I just sort of wanted to give you a quick flavor of the variety and complexity of the data sets we need to work with when we're sort of defining and capturing you know what is quality. So we'll start with sample preparation because this this is sort of right at the start of the guts of things because basically you know we handle thousands of samples a year from all over Australia. So you know these things come in if we get it wrong here then everything else is rubbish afterwards so no matter how wonderful our analysis is no matter how precise our instruments are if we're analyzing the wrong sample we're always taking the wrong bit of the sample then the results are rubbish. So our team spent a lot of time here you know checking samples against lists of field numbers and read labeling things and checking them again and subsampling and checking again. So that's quite an important part of that quality journey. This area also specializes in grain size analysis so essentially taking a sample of loose sediment like this say from the seafloor and to measure how much is mud how much is sand how much is gravel and you know that's an important data set because it gives you some clues as to what sort of ecosystems might be living in that area of the seafloor so you can you know once you've got enough samples you can start building up maps like this across the northern part of Australia that tells you something about what sort of ecological systems may be living up there and we do that traditionally with sieves and also more modern equipment as well that measure the scatter of the light as the sample falls through the water column. So another area is organic anisotope because so that you know the grain size might give you some clues about what's living there today but the earth history particularly of life you know well over a billion years of life and particularly leaving behind these things which are basically what we call fossil biomarkers so when you know plants or animals die they leave behind chemical fossils basically which provide a fascinating insight into a history of those environments as well and how you know how those hydrocarbons in the region formed and how they're related to each other so we've got instruments like this the classic gas chromatography and just instrument and we can build up from the sort of data these instruments collect we can start building up quite these these sort of diagrams to sort of relate how different samples and in this case from different wells across what's the browse basin on the north west shelf of Australia how these are related to each other and again you could sort of see that you know this data as well as you know just being interesting science because it's amazing to think well you know we can go back and figure out what sort of environment was there hundreds of millions of years ago but it also has important implications for again how resources might get developed and what industry does with that data the fourth area is basically geochronology microanalysis and mineral separation is working at how old a rock is because yes the earth has been going for four and a half billion years a lot of a lot of rocks in that time that need to be dated and then once we know the date we can work out where they sit in relation to each other and what's happened to them it's a fundamental data set that Geoscience Australia collects we do that by getting little grains of like this called zircon out of a rock which contain trace amounts of uranium it's cased to lead and we can do the math and work out how old they are using very big instruments like this it's called it's tongue-in-cheek it's called a shrimp but it's actually you're looking at about 12 tons of stainless steel sitting there so it's anything but shrimp like but it does analyze very small grains so this is one of these sand grains you can see the little spot that the shrimp's actually analyzing for that uranium and lead they give you sort of context there's a human hair on average for scale so again producing another distinct data set with sort of isotopic ratios and ages and again you know very complex calculations that again all need to be kept track of and understood and through a data quality process so why do we do it all so I mean I started with that example of Joe from a junior exploration company but Joe could just as easily be an agronomist wanting you know soil chemistry information to support pastoral coppering production so you could be a government regulator wanting you know reliable baseline information to monitor potential environmental changes or she could be a community leader in a remote community wanting to understand more about her community's options for a new water supply and this pathway which is developed as part of the exploring for the future program at Geoscience Australia sort of helps map out how our data that we collect is used by people like Joe to come up with benefits and impacts right across Australia so we can sort of zoom in on that you know reproduce the data sets so all of that systems thinking all of that data we acquire all of the talent of people and the instruments we have all come together to produce a set of data that someone like Joe can use in the exploration case you know she will make a pick about where they go exploring if they get lucky they might find out something that's prospective get a bit more investment keep exploring if they get really really lucky they might find hey we found a new copper deposit you know and gather more investment and if they get to the point of actually mining you know in some of those situations it brings investment into that region that otherwise might not happen around you know like rail lines and roads and power and things like that but importantly as well for again for a low carbon future as some of these minerals that they're looking for like copper and rare earth are going to be quite vital for that low carbon future so the critical point in that pathway why I bring it up and why what it's linked is to quality and the discussion that we're having about quality is that that leap there between outputs and outcomes we produce the outcomes sorry we produce the outputs very poor to get that right but we can't make people use that data we can't make them make decisions using that data and trust is the sort of a key part of that leap from taking our taking our products and then using them and then using them well to make good decisions so sort of that gives us gives you the idea of why we're talking about quality and that's increasingly the conversations that we're having about quality at geoscience Australia laboratory with our clients and collaborators so this is work in progress this is an attempt to develop a framework that our collaborators can engage with to understand why we take it so seriously why we think it's important to them and to the broader community and I'll quickly run through some of the things that we we talk about some of the concepts that we're trying to bring to people's attention as well as a sort of a quick example of what that looks like the first is around quality uncertainty so this builds on the work of Simone Vizier he's the professor of psychology ethics and well-being at the University of Melbourne and her ideas in turn build on the Nobel economic prize winning ideas of George Akerlof about how quality uncertainty impacts the market so the concept is is you have a buyer in the seller and in our case okay geoscience Australia is providing the data for free but the the person who uses it still has to invest their resources in it so you know in a sense it may be free to acquire but it's not free for them to use and to process so that there's still a cost that they need to bear so they need to know that they're getting it right so in the concept of that market idea is that yes there's a buyer and seller but the seller has more information about the product quality than the buyer because obviously they put it together and in the George Akerlof model this if he used used cars as an example is that the person selling the used car is going to have more information about the history of that car you know if it's been in an accident if it's had major work done or you know something like that so the user or the buyer is going to be uncertain and they may be hesitant and if you know if you're experienced or bad luck they may come to distrust the whole market so what then happens is the supplier is sort of forced to sell at a lower cost few corners to save save on expenses and things like that and that eventually reduces the overall quality and you sort of get into this potentially into this vicious loop where people the user becomes more and more distrustful the way out of that is to improve the transparency of the quality information so try to offset as much as you can that imbalance between the seller and the buyer or in this case the provider of the data and the user of the data so that sort of takeaway number one is transparency of quality information is critical for good science the second concept I like talking to people about is expanding their horizons when it comes to what does quality mean most scientists will focus immediately on the product and I've done I've done little sort of informal surveys that sort of show that if you ask them or what makes a high quality you know geochemistry data set they'll sort of start waxing lyrical about you know particular elements and you know of that data set you know particular qualities or elements and things like that whereas I quite like this model from Kenyon and Sen where they sort of talk about qualities actually a bit a lot more than that it's about how you know from a user perspective how the data was in this our case how the data was delivered how that product was delivered but then also internally about you know what does the organization do to support quality what are the processes and how are you capturing that information about the processes that produce the product and importantly as well as like well what was supplying what supply lines did you have into that process and in some cases if you're outsourcing for example you know how are you controlling the quality around that outsourcing so takeaway number two I try to get across to people is that product quality you know isn't just about the product itself or just about the data set or you know the uncertainty in measurements of the data set is actually a from a user perspective is a lot more to it so concept three is about fit for purpose quality and we would be all familiar with this triangle where you know you can have any two of those options so you can produce you can have a product or a service that's good and fast but it won't be cheap for example you know and this is often used and you'd often think well perhaps you know being a high quality upstanding government facility good is not always an option so it always has to be between cheap and fast but as I'm sure many of you know when when the pressure's on good can sometimes become a little bit optional and there's always the pressure to find cheap and fast options as well so I try to have a conversation when we're in those sort of situations to talk about this this particular model which again I'm sure some of you be familiar with about what's called the prevention appraisal and failure cost model which describes how you find optimal quality so if you're analyzing something in our case the level of quality will go up but it'll cost more you know it'll be a more expensive instrument it'll be a longer process it'll be a more detailed process so it'll go it'll become more expensive whereas the cost of failure so if we collect the data that there's something wrong with it that we need to go back and reanalyze it or someone makes a decision based on that data and it's wrong you know it's the cost of failure will be higher for the lower level of quality so the idea is that somewhere in the middle there'll be a sweet spot which is the optimal quality which is right here and now what I like to talk about is well that's actually going to change over time what's optimal now may not be optimal 5 10 20 years from now and presumably there's some lower limit at which point you know the user no longer wants that data it's no longer used to them and we can actually show this this is a real example and a good example of you know how capturing quality information that the sort of metadata behind some of these results is really important so this is going back to that shrimp instrument I showed you Geoscience Australia has been operating these instruments is basically 1990 and we've collected all of this data we have quite comprehensive data sets and in this particular case it's measuring a thing called the uncertainty one sigma so this would be one of these things scientists get excited about and understanding quality it's basically a measure of how well the machine's measuring the same thing so we give it a homogenous standard and how well it's measuring it again and again and you can see from this data set that yes our quality has improved over time you know there's been a steady on average decline in in that uncertainty which is fantastic and in fact the last few years a lot of those numbers are actually been arbitrarily set is that the the analysts couldn't quite believe that it was that good so they've just left it at one percent for example whereas actually the data was much better so yeah quality doesn't prove over time and we have to account for that so well the concept is is that well we try and have the conversation is like well how about pushing you know rather than sort of saying I need it now and I need it fast and I need it cheap it's like well let's consider what what you want this data to what longevity you want the data to have do you still want this data to be good in 20 years time and you know extend that window of that data lifetime and it's also important to point out that isn't just necessarily meaning oh we need a more expensive instruments or we need a more detailed process is that you can improve the quality of that data set by doing things like capturing some of that metadata that I just showed you from the shrink for example um you know by investing in capturing that so that data lives with the with the actual analytical data as well uh and you know and from a user point of view is about the delivery of that data is also a function of quality as well so you know that the quality cost is a bit more nuanced so the takeaway there is consider quality now and in the future uh one thing we do because we do one we actually now outsource some of our inorganic analyses is that we spend a lot of time thinking about how do we manage quality control when it's outsourced so this is part of that supply aspect of quality as well so one of the things you do in inorganic geochemistry where you take rock samples and you want to know their whole rock geochemistry is you take splits of samples at various points so you split things in the field you take samples from either side of the the outcrop for example and you split them and you split them and you know to get a set of analyses and then you add in things like project standards standards as well uh in our case also blanks because you also want to check for contamination through the analysis so this work comes this particular diagram comes from the Norwegian geological survey um who have uh you know faced similar issues as well so you take all of those samples and then you randomize them you know you're basically doing a blind test with the uh with the uh the analytical laboratory that you're outsourcing it to so you mix them all up you you know put everything in there um but you know what the num you know you know what each sample is you know which ones are the control samples you know which ones are the the standards for example but the takeaway there is you can't outsource quality control and that's a particularly important one because it's like we if we buy data from an external laboratory for example and we publish it and do all of those sort of things uh it's our data and if something's wrong with that data the user isn't going to go complain to the laboratory where it came from they're going to complain to us so we own it is and then there's a question which we've we're struggling with I guess we're not struggling we're starting to really engage with uh is you know how do we capture that meta quality metadata and I know and I'm very keen on being part of the conversations about how perhaps we standardize some of that across various commercial labs and academic labs and government labs as well so that you know that makes capturing that information and passing it on to users that much easier um and there's also a question about how we do this sort of work for um high cost or analyses that mixing them up doesn't work where you actually need to know what order the samples came in for example um and or if they're high cost because you know each one of these geochemistry analyses might be like $30 for example so you know your project may be able to afford to do hundreds of them but for example each analysis was $3,000 you're not going to be able to do that that same degree of quality control so you know there's also emerging issues there um and finally when all else fails I just appeal to that it's good science and I love this quote from Terry Bratchett uh about science not being a body of facts it's actually a method for making sure we're getting it right and just not believing things that would you know give us comfort and I think that's very important that a key part of science is that science is self-correcting it checks itself and checks itself again um and I think that's you know quality is a critical part of that and there's also opportunity in that is when you really hone in on the quality and you really understand the measurements you're making in your you can get those uncertainties down and you can compare and contrast meaningfully between samples between different labs and things like that you start finding that there's gaps in the science so this is a great example from Alisa Ocolic about um the carbon 14 um measurements that the the age that you measure of carbon 14 and the actual age that the sample came from there's a bit of a gap and this puzzled people for a very long time um but was only made apparent when they really really honed in on that quality uh it turns out that in large it's something to do with how how radiocarbon cycles through the oceans so that gap is actually telling us something about how climate changes and so you know there's an enormous amount of science in just driving the quality to into those gaps and looking into where things don't quite meet up with what our expectations are. So what are we doing at Geoscience Australia? We're building a laboratory from Geoscience Australia as a big strategy strategy 2028 we're part of that so some of the things you know the laboratory contributes to these are sort of key parts of the Geoscience Australia's laboratory around resources well for water resources our marine jurisdictions as I talked about with the the seafloor samples um but also in us namely in informed Australia that the data that we provide is as good as it can be and it has a long shelf life that someone can use that data today and come back in 20 years time and it's still useful it still has meaning. Very conscious of of things like you know the fair uh principles for data management and I'm sure this group is well aware of those as well um you know we're also looking at things about how we automate some of our systems and there's the last 10 years in particular we've just seen a huge swelling of new instrumentation particularly in the sort of microbiology side of things but they're starting to flow through and other science systems as well about how to miniaturise and automate a lot of the analyses that we do which again has data implications about how do we you know capture that fire hydrantive data that's you know these machines are capable of producing now um and then ultimately it's also back to people like Joe you know what do they want what do they see as quality uh in their samples and I think that's it's quite a critical part of of that is that yes we can get very hung up about you know the uncertainty and measuring a standard on the shrimp for example but you know perhaps the the user of that information is actually interested in something else about the quality um and they want to see that in the data set or in the metadata as well um so we're uh I won't go through all of these so we're we're developing a strategy for the lab that's that's looking at a lot of trying to bring it all those sort of threads together and I'll sort of quickly run through some of those things particularly we're building a new laboratory um as we speak for just about the we are packing up the the old laboratory the new ones being built uh and all going well uh you know COVID and supply lines willing it will be finished by mid-May and we'll be moving in in mid-May as well as a new physical facility we've also got the opportunity to update some of the the network stuff so as we're talking about those that automated data management as well we have the opportunity to upgrade the network so all of the instruments are plugged in and we have the appropriate software sitting on a server that the the data can automatically float so we can start capturing that and but again it's like very interested to find out how we manage that you know going forward how you know what parts of that information data are useful for people and how we get it out to them it's also a chance to review our workflows and really hone in on how we um recommit and up our quality management game as well we've invested in a laboratory information management system about three four years ago and uh have been steadily working on that to implement it across all our workflows and processes and bring all of that uh online and also in this particular case of this this um starlimbs application is uses all all its capabilities because there's actually there's a lot in the back end that we we still haven't fully utilized yet again for capturing a lot of quality information about a lot of laboratory processes and what's happening with those samples and those processes the ultimate aim there is that we want to get Nata accreditation so Nata is the Australian STAM standard authorization body we want to get to a point where we can do Nata accreditation for some of our processes we've had a look at this over the last few years and in many of our processes we actually are capturing the data that would be required for accreditation it's just not usually again in a in a way that's accessible or easy to find or sort of brought together in a central place so yeah we we do have some data management issues there as well to to work through to to get to that point which is yeah what I'm saying is how do we make all that quality information accessible both to ourselves but also outside as well and then I think a very important thread and again this is something we're really working with to um within the laboratory team but also the broader Geoscience Australia is about that idea that quality um quality is actually sort of you know its own pillar right next to the product as I said a lot of a lot of scientists will focus on the product and the data on the information but uh it's no good without that sort of focus on quality as well um so some of you may be familiar with this you know these concepts are continuous improvement whether it's called lean or six sigma or total quality management but they all sort of have this kind of um uh sort of set up um particularly around quality and product that you obviously you know you want the best quality delivered um and you know on time of a reasonable cost and safely of course and on laboratories very important um but yeah finding the time and space to emphasize that work work on producing the product is just as important as the quality um as well and um that yeah they they both need to be well resourced and given the time to um to be worked on and uh yeah it's just a key part of that is building that culture um so one thing we've been doing um this is a particularly good exercise during lockdown as well when we couldn't get into the laboratory was going back and looking at our workflows and to try and understand you know where um where some of the the the issues were in the workflow where some of the inefficiencies were um but also thinking about well where where's the where's the value adding that we're doing you know where's the quality information that we should be capturing as we go through these processes as well so I hope that sort of gives you a whirlwind visit to Geoscience Australia laboratory um and gives you some idea about what we're doing to renew our commitment to quality management and and and data issues we're very keen to contribute to this community and other other communities that are involved involved in this work and keen to understand how we can help and how our our developments can align with what what what you are doing as well um I sort of hope those they sort of key takeaway messages that I try and um drum home to our clients um resonate with you or have some meaning for you as well um very keen to hear your thoughts um so the end of the day yes it's about people like Joe um and and getting the information uh that she wants that so she can trust um our data and make you know valuable decisions based on it uh both now but also who knows 20 years or beyond in the future um so that's partly why we've been uh we have that mantra about today's quality is tomorrow's reputation is that we you know we want what we do today will matter you know uh many years from now as well so so thank you very much um I'll leave it there and and happy to take some questions thank you


ಸಿಟ್ರಂಡಿಕು ಶಿಸು ಸಿಂಗನೆ ಸಾತರೋಡಿ ಕಾರೆ ಕನಂಭ ಸಭ್ರೆ ಸಿ ಸಾರೆ ಡಾರು ಸಿ ಸಿಂಗಳದಾ ಪೆಸಿತೆ ಸಿನು ಸ ಷಿಡರವ ಸಿಂಗಳಗೆ ಸಿಜಿ ವಾಸಿಂತು ಹಾಲ ಮಾರುತರಂದ ಹಿಸಿ ಹಾರಾ � ಕಾಸಿದ್ ಸಿನ್ನ್ನ್ನಿ ಸಾಕ್ಕ್ದ್ತರ್ಯ ಬಾಹಾವಿಲ್ಗಲಾೆ ಏಸ್ನಲಿಗಲಿಬ ಜಮ್ನುರ್ನವಿಲ್ಗಲುಲಿನಕಿ ಸಮಾವನುಕ್ತಿ ನೋಲುಲ್ಗಲ್ ದಂದ್ತಾಸಿ ವಸ್ನ್ ಮಾನುಲು ಲ್ಲಿಕ್ನನು ಕಾರ್ಯ� and he was on dialysis for few months. When he visited us with the plan of kidney transplantation, he had a prospective donor as cousin sister for kidney donation. The main challenge in him was first to treat his HIV infection and control the HIV infection and prepare him for a kidney transplantation to have a successful outcome. We explained him the benefits of kidney transplantation. After adequate counseling, we optimized his HIV treatment so that the HIV viral load came down and it was under control and then prepared him for the kidney transplantation. We also screened his status for opportunistic infection as it was commonly associated with the HIV infection and made sure that he is not having any such infection so that he will have a smooth course during transplantation. And our surgical team did a great job. He underwent a successful kidney transplantation. Now after one and a half years of transplantation, he is doing well, doing his job and having a healthier life. So with all the social stigma at our community with the all available treatment for HIV infection, we can do a successful kidney transplantation in these individuals and give a better life to them. We, at Manipal hospital, have a great team of nephrologist and urologist covering 24x7 and doing more than 100 transplants in a year with the help of international grants, we can do a good job no doubt about it. We, at Manipal hospital, have a great team of nephrologist and urologist covering 24x7 and doing more than 100 transplants We can do the kidney transplantation in HIV infected individuals and achieve a successful results as good as in non HIV infected kidney transplant individuals and give a better life to you.


from theCUBE Studios in Palo Alto in Boston. It's theCUBE, covering IBM Think. Brought to you by IBM. Welcome back to IBM Think Digital 2020. This is theCUBE and we're really excited to have two great guests on. Michael Jordan is the distinguished engineer with IBM Z Security. Michael, good to see you again. Welcome back. Thank you, it's good to be back. And Matt Whitborn is the program director and offering lead for Z15. Good to see you, Matt. Thank you for having me. Guys, Z is a good place to be. Great quarter, 61% growth. You got to love it. Congratulations. You got to be feeling pretty good. I mean, other than what we're going through. But from a business standpoint, Z powered through, didn't it? It did, I mean, we're really pleased with the contribution that Z continues to make for our clients, especially right now, given everything that's going on, business continuity, scale, resilience, security. They're just so important for our clients in the platform. Yeah, so we're going to talk a lot about this. Maybe Matt, we could start with you just in terms of, you know, you talk about cyber resiliency, you hear that a lot. And I think it maybe means a lot of different things to a lot of different people. What does it mean to Z? Yeah, for us, I mean, we kind of start in many ways with like the NIST definition of it, which talks about the ability to anticipate, withstand, recover, adapt to all of these adverse conditions that you might face, or stresses, compromises and attacks on your systems and your cyber resources. So it's a really important, you know, top of mind point for a lot of clients who are thinking about this, both from, I guess, the resilience when it comes to systems and also the data as well. From our standpoint, you know, Z has been at the forefront of resilience for many, many generations now. Whether that's the scale that our systems are able to provide, the ability to tap into more capacity as needed, whether on a temporary or permanent basis. Because you never know when a spike might be occurring. And especially with clients going through digital transformation as well, the fact that we can talk about solutions being designed for seven nines of availability. And that's the reason why clients like Bradesco Reliance is for their resilient banking platform or Department of Treasury in Puerto Rico depend on us for a highly available solution. So it's never been more important for clients. So, Michael, from a technical standpoint, I mean, I go back to the RACF days and I used to ask, you know, why is it that, you know, the mainframe had, you know, such good security and it was explained to me, you know, years ago, well, because you knew everything that went on, who touched what, you know, there was a clear understanding of that, clear visibility of that. But maybe you could explain just, you know, for the laypeople, just from a technical standpoint, why is it that Z has such strong cyber resiliency? Sure. So some of it I think is there's two aspects that I want to mention. First is, you know, culture, right?  We have it in our culture to build systems that are secure and robust. That's kind of part of our DNA.  But the other capability that we have, or I should say, you know, benefit that we have is we own the whole stack, right? We own, you know, the hardware, we own the firmware and we own the software that sits on top of there in the middleware. And so whether it's resiliency or whether it's security, when we want to design and build solutions, you know, to make optimal solutions, you know, in any of those spaces, we can actually design and architect the solutions, you know, both at the right point in the stack and across the stack as needed to really deliver on these capabilities. Matt, one of our partners, ETR, holds these CIO roundtables. And one of the CIOs said we really weren't ready from a resiliency standpoint. We were too focused on DR and kind of missed the boat on business continuity. Too narrow focused. I presume you're hearing a lot of that these days. I wonder if you could just tell us about some of the things that you're seeing with clients, maybe the conversations you're having and how you're helping sort of broaden that capability.  And yeah, not just thinking about things from a DR perspective, but you know, what they can do to fortify and make their solution sort of more resilient, you know, on a day-by-day basis. I mean, one of the things, you know, Mike was talking about some of the inherent capabilities we have in the platform, the fact that we build, you know, our systems with that additional capacity kind of baked in, which means that for so many of our clients, you know, in the first quarter where they were seeing these huge amounts of peak workload kind of coming in, that they needed to be able to deal with, the fact that we design our systems to be able to just kind of gobble up that workload without what we call dark capacity to be able to be turned on at the drop of a hat is tremendously important, because not only do you need to be able to be, obviously just resilient in terms of the applications, but you need to be able to deal with growth, you know, as you're going through that. The other aspect which is a new capability with Z15, that kind of builds on what we can do with that dark capacity, is this concept of instant recovery. And what we're actually helping clients do there, in terms of fortifying and making their environment more resilient is letting them tap into that dark capacity when they're going through restart activities of partitions. Not just thinking about unplanned scenarios, but actually planned outages as well. So what that really helps with is, because you always have to do planned maintenance, you know, on your systems, you know, on your partitions of your systems or your Z environment. So what we're doing is saying, when you're going through that restart sort of process, whether it's the shutdown, whether it's the bring up of the partition or the middleware, or even in fact, actually helping you catch up kind of for what you lost while you weren't sort of processing workload, we turn on that extra capacity in the system automatically for this boost window that we're helping our clients with. And not only we do that, and Mike's point about owning the stack means that we can deliver that in a way that there's no increase in IBM software costs during your lever. So we're always kind of looking about what we can do to kind of move the ball forward to make clients with environment even more resilient as well. I've always, I learned from my mainframe days many, many years ago when a vendor comes in and shows a new product, they always ask the question, what happens when something goes wrong? I mean, it's all about recovery. That's always been one of the mainframe strengths. Mike, I want to ask you about data protection. I mean, it's a topic that again means a lot of things to a lot of people.  Talk about data protection from a Z prism. Sure. So our point of view on data protection is we view it as a multi-layered proposition. It's not just one thing.  With Z15, we also introduced the ability of actually being able to protect the data as it flows through their storage area network through something we call fiber channel endpoint security. And then layering on top of that, you know, host-based encryption capabilities, you know, in the operating system, whether it's, you know, file or dataset level encryption.  And then, you know, building and layering on top of that, things like security intelligence and being able to monitor and understand, you know, what's happening across the system. So I was talking to a developer the other day about a cloud app, you know, pretty, you know, non-mission critical, but I asked him, do you use encryption? And he said, yeah, we could, but we don't, because it kind of slows us down a little bit. So I'm wondering how you deal with that trade-off of performance versus protection, the Z, how does Z deal with that? Sure, so that's a great question. And that actually goes back to, you know, what we did with our Z14, so the generation before. And I think we've improved that with the Z15 and I'll get to that in a bit. But one of the barriers that we recognize is exactly what you said is the, you know, the cost of doing encryption is prohibitive. And what we did is we have a cryptographic accelerator that's integrated into our microprocessor that's capable of encrypting, you know, so each core is capable of encrypting up to 14 gigabytes of data per second.  How many cores do we have in that? We've got 190 with the system. 190, so do the math, right? 190 times, you know, 14 gigabytes per second, it's an encryption powerhouse and that can all be done synchronously with extremely low latency. So we have the horsepower to do encryption on a very broad scale with, you know, very, very low overhead and that's what our clients are leveraging and taking advantage of. And with the Z15 that we announced and made available last year, we actually have now compression that's built into the microprocessor. So you can actually compress the data first and then encrypt it and there's a two-fold benefit to that first is now I have less data to encrypt so I've lowered my encryption overhead and at the same time I've managed to preserve my storage efficiency so it's a two-fold benefit there. Matt, you know, people talk about Z, they talk about it's open, it kind of all started back when you guys brought in Linux and now of course it's much more than that. But I'm wondering how open plays into this notion of cyber resiliency and in some respects they're counter-poised, but how do you sort of square that circle for me? Yeah, I mean, I kind of look at it as when it comes to openness and digital transformation it's kind of doing it without compromise. And that's kind of the way I look at the Z platform because you're right, I mean, the fact that we have the likes of OpenShift support on the Z platform or you can use, you know, Ansible for doing automation. I mean, we're always looking to try and make sure that we support from a management standpoint or development standpoint, you know, we'll use whichever tools, frameworks, languages are appropriate both on the platform and to be able to integrate into a hybrid cloud wherever you want to go. But that's why we look at it both from the perspective of what it really means to have mission critical applications and why it's, you know, why that is the key point about banks, insurance companies, et cetera, continue to trust Z as the home for their system of record because they want to get the benefits, you know, the best of both worlds. So they want to be able to have the security, the resilience and the scale of the platform, but at the same time they want to have flexibility to be able to, you know, use cloud native technologies to be able to deploy them on the platform. And then as Mike was sort of talking about, the exciting thing for us is even going one step further that says, if you do want your data to move around your hybrid cloud for very good reasons for certain scenarios, being able to have that capability to protect the data, not just encrypt it, but manage the privacy of the data as it flows out of Z to kind of take those Z characteristics into the hybrid cloud is something that, you know, a lot of our clients have been really, really excited to take advantage of with Z to speak. You see that? We're turning Matt into a security guy. Do you see that? I think everybody's got to be a security person these days. I want to ask about zero trust, you know, that term is thrown around a lot, you know, it can get kind of buzzwordy, but yeah, see people always have substance. So I want to ask you guys, what does zero trust mean to you all? So I think there's, my view of zero, where we're at from an industry from zero trust is very similar to where we're at with cloud, you know, going back a handful of years where if you asked 10 different people what, you know, cloud was you'd get 10 different answers and none of them were probably wrong. And so I think, you know, we're a very similar state in terms of our understanding and, you know, market maturity around zero trust.   And what the zero trust is a recognition that that's not sufficient and, you know, and then if you look at that in the context of our evolving and changing environment and moving to hybrid multi-clouds where the notion of a perimeter is gone, you know, that strategy and approach for, you know, protection doesn't hold up. And so we need to evolve that. And we need to have, you know, move from the notion of operational trust to a notion of, you know, technical trust and building, you know, building more sophisticated mechanisms for doing authentication, understanding broader what's happening across the environment and feeding that into, you know, decisions that are made in terms of who gets to access what data. Yeah, good. Matt, bring us home, overnight, you know, this pandemic has really heightened our awareness of cyber resiliency, business continuity, kind of changed our mindset and definition of those two things, but give us your final thoughts on this topic. I think it's probably just putting into sharp focus, you know, really what it means to have, you know, mission-critical applications that are right at the heart of your business.  And so I think as people are considering, you know, their strategy when it comes to, you know, reliance of applications, of infrastructure and all of that in the context of business continuity, I think people are going to have a much sharper focus in the future to really see, you know, what does it mean and it's the lifeblood of their business if they're not able to operate and serve their clients. And probably as well, more and more applications that maybe weren't considered mission-critical in the past will be considered mission-critical now because it's not just the back-end services, but it's the way that you communicate with clients. So a lot of that I think is going to play out as the way that, you know, people think about their business continuity strategy in the future. You're right, video conferencing has become mission-critical, hasn't it? Guys, thanks so much for coming to theCUBE. Again, you know, keep up the good work. I really appreciate your time and your insights. Always great talking Z, so thanks again. Thank you. All right, thank you for watching everybody. This is Dave Vellante for theCUBE, our wall-to-wall coverage of the Think 2020 digital event experience. Keep it right there, right back, right after this short break.


Hello, everyone. Today, we will be discussing about various IoT cloud platforms available in the market. And also, we will be discussing about the exact costing structure of some of the most trending IoT cloud platforms. So that by the end of this session, students will be able to assess the costing structure of various IoT cloud platforms. I'll be first of all introducing you. And then let's directly get into examples in the use cases of all these things. So what I have here is we need to first of all understand what is IoT cloud platform structure. So to understand that, let's get the help of the same example that we have discussed in the previous video. As you can see, we have some edge devices. As you can see, we have some edge devices available. So these edge devices would be anything like a raw sensor, maybe a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, which are trying to pump the data onto the cloud, either by means of using a gateway or directly those sensors are pushing the data onto the cloud through some internet connectivity. So whenever we have the data available on the cloud, which is being pushed onto it with the help of certain IoT-based protocols like MQDT and COAP, then now what we have is we have the data available in the storage of a cloud. And this storage is the stored data is going to be further pushed onto the applications. So before actually taking the data and then pushing it onto the final or the end user device, maybe you are getting some analyzed data or you are getting some average of some sort of speed calculated for a vehicle or you are able to sense the traffic based on some lacks of data inputs that you are getting through GPS available on your server. Then we need to switch to an example. So what we have here is Amazon web service. If you're able to see the URL, it says aws.amazon.com slash IoT. So this is the first IoT platform that is most trending these days. And similarly, we have Microsoft Azure's IoT Hub. So I hope you are able to see the highlighted part in the URL. So this is Microsoft service. And similarly, we have Amazon web services based IoT. So let's discuss a little bit more detail about what kind of services this AWS IoT is providing. So to use this particular IoT platform, you are first of all supposed to go to aws.amazon.com slash IoT, where you would be able to understand what services it is actually providing. So if you simply hover your mouse on this IoT service tab, you will be able to identify that it is offering us Amazon FreeRTOS and also Amazon IoT Greengrass. So as we have seen in the last video that these two things like Amazon FreeRTOS and Amazon IoT Greengrass, these two contribute to the things entity of our Amazon web services IoT platform. And the rest of the services like IoT Core, device management, defender, graph analytics, and all these things are actually a part of our Sense and Act kind of entity of our Amazon AWS. So let me give you a small example. Like for example, I have a temperature sensor connected in this particular surroundings. It is sensing the temperature and I want to simply duplicate the sensors. For example, I'm now having one lakh sensors connected at various positions of my city. And I want to simply identify at what points of the time the sensor is going to reach a threshold of maybe 40 degrees centigrade. Then probably I'm going to connect certain microcontrollers to my sensor, which will be taking the data from the sensor and then it is going to pump the data onto the internet. So exactly internet in the sense, I'm going to pump my whole data to my account, my AWS account, a specifically IoT based service. And now I want all those one lakh sensors data to be analyzed. So now it can't be done on a local server. Probably if I have my own local computer at my place, then probably I'm going to sense all the data through any software and I'm going to plot all those things in Excel. And then maybe I'm doing some mathematical operations. And then I will be going for identification of the average and then I'll be plotting it by using some graphical tools. What if I already have such kind of insights and analytics service being provided by my cloud server? So that's what we all, I mean, that's what we already have here. So if you look at the last third service under this IoT services category of AWS, you will find that you have AWS IoT analytics. So if you go ahead and click on that, you will find a little bit more details regarding these things. Like it not only manages the services, but also it is going to be running some sort of smoothing things like maybe it could be a data regarding temperature, motion or sound, it could be anything. So along with this, what we have to understand whenever you're using the cloud is that we need to understand the pricing structure of this one. So for pricing structure, you can go ahead and click on price. So it will take you to the costing structure. So the benefit of using online services like either this AWS IoT core or using the Microsoft operating system based IoT Hub is that you can directly go to the pricing tab. So it's a common technology like whichever cloud platform you are actually using, you will always find this tab called pricing. So if you simply click on it, probably nowadays Amazon is giving you a 12 month free trial but for Microsoft IoT Hub, I'm not aware exactly, but you might be having some sort of free account. Okay, so you can even sign for a free account as of the site is actually showing me now. So this is the costing structure. Whenever you are about to choose a particular IoT platform for your own application, you are supposed to understand the services that it is providing like what we are able to see under this category of AWS. Similarly, now let me show you the costing structure of Microsoft Azure based IoT Hub. So what it says is that if you are purchasing an app service or you are activating a Microsoft app based service which you want to integrate into your IoT solution, then probably you will be charged 0.86 per hour and it is going to remain free for the first 12 months. It's a good news, okay. So now what you have is you can either integrate a virtual machine or you can integrate some database servers like Azure SQL. So you need to take care of this particular pricing and how much amount of data is being given to you people. So if you are sure that you are going to implement an application which is going to work with some sort of rest-based object storages for unstructured data, it's nothing but a simple raw image. For example, you have an image and you are trying to store it in the form of binary and this is the task of your website which you want to host on your own IoT based IoT Hub given by Microsoft Azure. Then I will be actually going ahead and creating an account and then I'll be simply activating this blob storage service and what will be I charged for? I will be charged nothing for the first 5GB. So if I'm sure enough that all my indications, whatever, I mean, whatever operations that I'm following on my website are going to be well within 5GB for the first 12 months, then probably I need not to pay anything. So definitely you can go ahead and work with any cloud platform and then activate any surface, get hands-on with that one and then you can probably proceed ahead for purchasing that particular thing after the end of this 12 month free tenure. So similarly, let me show you another service which is available and which is more hardware oriented. As you're able to see, I have currently opened a website called thingspeak.com. So in this case, what you have is, again, you are supposed to sign up for certain activities and later on you would be able to analyze your data. So consider a small example like ESP32 or ESP8266 based a small IoT hub in which you are using the thingspeak based APIs for pumping the data onto the free service given by thingspeak. For example, I am posting temperature of this particular room while I'm recording to the thingspeak.com website. How am I able to actually view the data? So I'm able to view the data either in the form of graph or I can view the data on the basis of timestamp. So here are some of the actions. I mean, I can set a threshold like whenever the temperature exceeds more than 50 degrees centigrade, turn on the AC. So this is the kind of action I can trigger. So what you need to focus is what is going to be the input through collection, what you want to analyze and then what kind of action you want to trigger once you reach that particular threshold by analyzing it. So in between what benefits you are getting by going on to the online based IoT cloud platform is that these services like analyzing data analytics, machine learning and other services which are trending these days in the market are provided free of cost or at a very minimal cost. So depending upon these things like what services are being provided by the IoT platform, you can easily select the cloud platform which you are interested in. So these are the references used for this session. Thank you.


You good, Rezzy? Huh? You good?  Good, let's push this board. 6-3-3, last 40-mic, Mike. Okay, let's start doing a lace report. So, can you tell me your full name first and what your job title is? Sergeant Lewis. I'm a team leader for Able Company, 3-5-0-9th. And what's your first name, Christopher? Christopher. What are you guys out here doing today? We're out here conducting squad live fires. For my team, it was going very well. We're actually able to use all the skill level one tasks and the training that we do back at Garrison, and now we're able to collaborate together, bring it together, and integrate it into the squad. Skill one task that we've been training on, everything from individual movement techniques to proper reloads, engaging the target clearly and accurately, and then just combining that all as a team to make the team has a whole more lethal. We have definitely improved synchronizing our assets as a team, being able to pick up the rates of fire. For example, when my 320 gunner is transitioning back to his M4, picking up the rate of fire so there's no lulls, definitely being able to bound in succession without losing, without moving without fire and not firing without maneuver, things of that nature. We just have to look around the world. We see the things that are going on and on the other side of the world, a little north of that. And at any time we could be sent to do that. So if we can't do the job properly here, then we're not going to be as lethal as we need to be over there.  And I'm excited to see what they can do in the next training operation. What's your full name and job title? I'm sorry, first class Jeremy Purdue. My job title is first sergeant of Able Company 359. All right, and what were you guys doing out here today? So today we are doing our Blake iteration for squad live fire. And we are doing that to work in the progression and to instill confidence in our lower level soldiers, our team leaders and our squad leaders so they can effectively communicate with their PLs and paint a picture for them so they can in return paint a picture for the company commander. We're fighting as a platoon company. And what does this prepare you for? This is going to prepare us for the future training at the platoon and company level and battalion level as well as any type of real life scenarios throughout the Pacific area that we may have to encounter. So let's prepare you guys for JPMRC. Correct. So this is going to prepare us for JPMRC and build confidence in our squads to further on work up to platoon next month. And why is it important to do live fires? So it's important to do live fires so that you can get the real life training so that you're getting the real fill of the live rounds going down range and that you are shooting, maneuvering and communicating properly so that we don't have any real life injuries and instill the confidence in the lower level soldiers as well as the team leaders and squad leaders all the way out. Are you taking actions to mitigate the risk from live rounds? So to mitigate the risk from live rounds we're training we do maintain a 40 degrees offset and that is the reason we're doing our we did our leader walk through and we are now doing blank iteration day and night to prepare them and to certify them in the lane so that they can do the live rounds. From experience shooting live rounds is completely different and we're we are all extra men so we need to be able to shoot live rounds down the range and we need to be ready to engage in the enemy at any time considering that we could go anywhere in the end of pay-com area at any given time to engage with the enemy in real life and you can't really simulate that real fill with simulation rounds or blank rounds. I think the progression is good I think that it instills confidence to the lower level and squad level before we continue to progress up to Platoon Company and in an avidly battalion with JPMRC and being able to work through some differences and build better continuity for future operations. Have you seen them big improvement in a lot of the units going through today, squads? Yes, so going through today we have a lot of newer paratroopers and throughout the progression they have continued to gain their continuity and get better and work together as a team better than being able to do things like communicate with their rifles versus actually yelling bounds and things of that nature instead they're now progressing to a level that they can move without actually communicating by voice. Shooting live rounds builds that squad up and then it gives them the confidence to further on and then continue to gain their confidence to work at a higher level.


The story of the long-awaiting for the coming of Christ is told in the words of Isaiah the prophet, who of all the prophets, sacred scripture speaks most directly and explicitly of the Messiah. In this prophecy, Isaiah speaks of the Lord, who exalted his children only to have them despise him. He speaks of Israel, who hath not known the Lord and his people, who hath not understood. And he continues, The words of the prophet should make a deep impression on our hearts at the beginning of the holy season of Advent. Who of us can hear without trembling this voice of the Lord, who is despised and unknown even at the very time when he is to come and visit his people? If today you hear his voice, harden not your hearts. The story is being retold. The church in accents of solemnity, in colors of penitential purple vestments, in notes of solemn music is repeating for us the burden of her message. Christ is coming to save the world, which, as Isaiah said, is sickened.  Christ is coming to judge the world, for the powers of heaven shall be moved, and then they shall see the Son of Man coming on a cloud with great power and majesty. When these things begin to come to pass, look up and lift your heads because your redemption is at hand. Now is the hour for us to rise from sleep, to save the world from chaos, to rescue souls from materialism, and to save them for the all-powerful dignity of incorporation in Christ's mystical body. We shall do this by beginning to reform ourselves, by spending Advent prayerfully, by casting off the works of darkness, and putting on the Lord Jesus Christ. Blessed Savior of men, you prepared us your servants for long years by prophecies and symbols to foretell of the coming of the anointed one, the Messiah, who would redeem the world and reopen for us the gates of paradise. This Advent, we pray and beseech you to accept our humble offering of preparation of our bodies and souls. May each day be for us a step, each step a prayer, each prayer a pilgrimage toward Bethlehem with Jesus and Mary and Joseph. Help us to pray fervently, to walk valiantly, and to persevere to the end. You who live and reign with the Father in the unity of the Holy Spirit, God, forever and ever. Amen.