Troy, Alcora Advanced Materials is a battery material, technology and source play in the market, correct? Yes, it is. Initially, when we started Alcora almost eight years ago or more, we focused on the processing side of graphite. We built the team up around that and I believe in 2014 we were awarded the top graphene producer in the world by the University of Singapore. So we leveraged those strengths and we broadened our horizon into other battery materials such as vanadium and meganese and that's where we're at today. And you're putting news out regularly. I always tell people watch for companies that achieve milestones regularly and in November alone we've had two updates on your manganese mind. Would you like to tell us what's happening with that? Yes, about a year ago we purchased 100% of a Moroccan company with 17 different licenses in them that made up of vanadium and meganese. And quickly they started building their team that we had built in Sri Lanka, moved it to Morocco and we've outlined what our short-term and long-term goals were. We looked at the manganese site which was an old producing mine that was operated by the French in the 1950s then it got kicked out. We were able to purchase it as part of this with this private company. Great, great site, great, past producing mine, the positive surface, so we quickly started working our mine plan to, you know, bought the equipment, developed the mine plan now waiting for the production license. And once we receive that we're pretty much, we believe that we'll start being able to produce raw ore initially within 30 days. Okay, so let me make sure I heard this correctly. You will have an ability to produce in 30 days once that comes through so that could be as early as the end of the year possibly? It could be a nice little Christmas present for everybody under the tree. So we're pushing, we're excited to where we're at the one yard line and we're really excited about this property and its potential. And the good thing about this is that we can, you know, use our processing skills to upgrade the material. Initially we'll just sell the raw ore, which we're able to, we've all the different test work we have. We think we can get an average of 35% of manganese to deliver and then from there we're working on the physical processing part of it and then be able to get a higher price and a higher percentage of manganese. In addition to of course clipping along for production here with a critical mineral. It also, you're also moving forward with your vanadium concessions. Can you tell us more about that? Yeah, in parallel we're moving that along. The process is a little different, a little further behind but not much more. So what our goal here is, you know, once we get this production, the vanadium will fall very quickly. We have, you know, the same thing, equipment bought for that site. We have the team that can do both. So that's good and as well as ready buyers in the market for this material. Okay, so in addition to that, are there any updates on the graphene technology process or the graphite production? We spent a lot of work in the graphite sector and we're continuing to be involved in it. We still have a relationship in Tanzania with an exciting project there. We just recently, one of the directors just got back from Dubai last week, meeting financial partners and our partners in Tanzania, looking to see how to make sense. And as I said, we continue to own our position in Sri Lanka. We're just not the operators there anymore. So, you know, we like the space. We spend a lot of time in the graphite space. But that's why we decided to broad note our focus to include not just graphite but the vanadium and the meganese as well. Well, Troy, we're so delighted to have an update from you today. And so for those of you out there, for more information on Elcora advanced materials, please go to their website. You've had a minimum of half a dozen news releases on vanadium and your manganese production plans here in the last six weeks. Is there anything else that shareholders or potential investors should be aware of with regards to Elcora right now, Troy? No, I think you summarized it perfectly. But you know, one thing that we have been doing and you know, since the markets have haven't been really that favorable for the juniors is really focus on the fundamentals. You know, once we get that permit in place, we're using some of the boots on the ground ready to deliver. And I think the market like was kind of emphasize that you're at your, at your conference that you put on that you know, getting in getting the casual early and quickly is very crucial to the junior market space and that's one thing that we've that we want to get what we want to focus on and that's where we're at. Troy, as always a pleasure. Thank you. Thank you very much.


from the Bellagio Hotel in Las Vegas. It's theCUBE, covering UiPath. Forward 4, brought to you by UiPath. Welcome back to Las Vegas Live, the CUBE. Yes, it's live in Las Vegas at the Bellagio. Lisa Martin with Dave Vellante. We are covering UiPath Forward 4. Very excited to be here talking with customers, UiPath employees, partners. Lots of great conversations going on about automation and the acceleration that we're seeing, especially in the last 18 months. We've got two guests here with me today to talk about emerging technologies, specifically continuous process discovery. Please welcome Pallak Kadikia, VP of Product Management at UiPath, and Layla Dellich, CIO and Digital Officer at Coca-Cola. Ladies, welcome to the program. Thank you, it's great to be here. So let's talk about, Pallak, let's start with you. Continuous process discovery, define that for us. What does that mean? So process discovery has been a concept that's been around for a while, right? It's enterprises have a bunch of processes that are deployed and people are following them. The concept of discovery has existed. What we're trying to do with continuous process discovery is enable you to identify the processes, figure out how to optimize them, and then automate them. Once they're automated, we want to monitor them and then keep doing that cycle over and over again, using technology rather than having people fill in paperwork and then having those processes go out of status like right away because they're just becoming stale. With continuous process discovery, they don't become stale. You're getting that real time feedback loop and you're getting the processes to work end to end continuously. So I wonder if I could follow up on that because I remember when you guys made the acquisition of Process Gold and so as somebody who's heavily involved in product management, how did you go about, I mean, it sounds like it's seamless, but it never is, right? But how did you go about integrating and making it appear as though it's just kind of part of the platform? I mean, there's a lot goes into that, right? Process Gold was a great technology to begin with. So it wasn't a huge stretch for us to take it and integrate it and make it part of the platform. Typically when we acquire companies, we look for product market fit, we look for technology fit, we look for people fit and we had that with Process Gold. The other thing to add there is process discovery, specifically with Process Gold and automation go hand in hand. You can't, having one without the other is kind of leaving half of your solution on the table and just focusing on understanding and not focusing on implementation. And so it was very easy to take that technology and make it part of the hyper-automation platform. So Lila, the reason why I ask that question is because it sort of coincides with a customer's journey where you go from sort of an individual department and then now you're saying, I always say pave the call path, you know, kind of take a process that I know, I'll just implement that, even it might not be the best process I'm going to repeat. And it takes you to a new realm. And so this is to me, this is all about how incumbent companies, 100 plus year old companies can actually be digital disruptors as opposed to being disrupted themselves, right? A lot of smart people running these big companies. So last time we talked, you were relatively new inside of a year. So how's the journey going and how does it tie in to some of the advancements that UiPath has made? Yeah, absolutely. So the journey is going great. I like to work, you used accelerate. So I'm here to accelerate and transform. And why we have to do it is so that we don't become obsolete and we continue to be relevant for our customers, for our employees, very important and for our community. So we are doing a lot of finished running, a lot of initiatives. When we look at being relevant for the customer, that means we have to transform the way we operate and our business models. We have to generate new revenue streams now that are enabled and based on data and technology. While you do that, you have to create efficiency internally. You cannot create great experiences with customers and you work with very monolithic and very old school traditional processes or ways of working and systems. So you have to make sure that you adapt and change and transform the way you work internally to meet the customer's needs and demand and generate these new business models. So our starting position was automation. We have to automate at an extreme speed, but we also wanted to go really far with automation, not just fast and hit with task automation and just automate these traditional 50, 60 year old processes. But how do we identify what else is there? There's a well of opportunity when you look at an end-to-end process. So that's where process mining as Palak described comes into play. And actually we started affiliating with process mining during process gold. So your question around how the integration went, we actually went through that. I think the UI pads, one key value that they have and they should never use is listening to the customer. So we got together with UI pads and we said there's more to what we can do with automation and we implemented process mining for one end-to-end process, amazing results. Just one country, one end-to-end process, amazing results, but it's because of the partnership. We know what we need to achieve, what we have to do and they know how to help us to get the technology up and running or adapt the technology and improve the technology. So that's where we are achieving outcomes. We are generating new business model, new revenue stream, automating internally, re-skilling and up-skilling our people, which is extremely important that comes along with automation. So very excited. Sorry, but that redesign of work is very important and the CIO's role is very important in that as well. I wanted to talk though about something that you just said with respect to the listening piece that UI pad is so good at. This morning in the keynote, Mary said to all the, which was standing room only, which was amazing to see in this day and age, but that they wanted to hear from customers, what are we doing right? What are we not doing that you want to see more of? What do you want to see less of? Talk to me about the direction and advice that you as the CIO of Coca-Cola is able to provide to PLOCK and the team about where UI pad is going. It's really on a very fast cadence. Absolutely. So as Coca-Cola H&J we started the journey with UI pad three years ago, exactly. I was on the job and the second big technology decision I made was UI pad. And since then it was very consistent listening, but during our cab meeting, Daniel said something. He said, I'm not welcoming the request. He said, we welcome, he said, no, no, sorry. I am not welcoming. I'm requesting you to give us insight. And I think that's very critical. That's what we want to hear. At the end of the day, we are technologists, we are talk leaders, but we are better talk leaders with our technology partners. We want technology partners to show us the way sometimes. And with low code, no code type of approaches and the evolution of the technology that UI path is, has been running since the past three years is helping us remove so many barriers when it comes to people. They are listening to us in terms of the roadmap and what should be implemented and what should be prioritized. We are providing with to them our roadmap, our vision on where we want to go in automation and how bell we want to integrate with other ecosystem and environments that we have. They are listening to us in terms of for the existing products, what can be improved, what can work better. And we don't need a cab actually for UI pad to listen to us. We work hand in hand with UI pad team continuously. We coin away sometimes. And that's what we want them to continue to do. They are great technologists. As long as they continue to listen to us, they're going to be greater technologists. So that's why, go ahead please. Yeah, and I'll share my perspective on this. This, you know, these partnerships actually make us build better products, right? We get to, this is how we stay ahead of the curve by listening to our customers because they're the ones who are doing the implementations. They understand how our product works. We can design it, we can test it, but that's the extent to which we can go. Once they implement it is when we know what's working, what's not working, and how do we take that feedback and make better products. So it's a two-way street. We love hearing from them constantly. But you have to decode what the customer is saying sometimes, right? Like Steve Jobs said, you know, if you just ask the customer what they want, you'll never build, you know, something that's game changing, the world changing. But so you have to, you talk to Layla, you get the input from Coca-Cola, maybe many, and then other customers to figure out, okay, how can I apply this so that actually can scale and meet the needs of many customers, not just, because otherwise you end up being, you know, a custom development shop, which ironically is what you guys were 20 years ago, whatever it was, right? So it's kind of some art involved in the science of listening, isn't it? There is definitely, I mean, most of our job as product managers is to design the product, right? It's very much art. And the feedback that we get from Layla and others really just helps us focus on a vision. But, you know, keeping up with new technology trends, figuring out how to bring AI into our product vision, and looking beyond what we're being told and asked for, and looking forward at what the next trends are going to be in technology is what helps us continue to innovate. So it's both, it's the balance of what we're hearing, but also technologies and what's possible with what's available. Layla, a question for you. You said three years ago, you guys brought in UiPath. Right after you joined the company as a CIO, why UiPath? Clearly you looked at some of the other folks, you mentioned the company that they acquired, but in your mind differentiates what they're able to deliver on the partnership side and the technology side. Yeah, very important question. We have a definition for a technology partner. For us, the technology partner needs to meet criteria of innovating. So how much do you invest in innovation? And Daniel says, I don't even know the number, right? So, because we want them to be on the forefront. Sometimes they have to pull us and sometimes we have to pull them. The second one is very important for a company to be successful in automation or in any advanced technology, you have to build intellectual property within your enterprise. And we did not want to outsource technology, we wanted to insource technology and we asked UiPath if they would be willing to co-innovate, co-develop, collaborate with us. They were the only ones who allowed us to build the intellectual property within my enterprise because that's the way I'm going to innovate. And that's the way I'm going to help product leaders like Palak to create better products, right? So, and the third one is just building expertise, low-code, no-code. The technology company needs to innovate where they remove some of the barriers for me to find the skills or develop talent. How easy it is to find the talent and skills to develop this technology, right? And what does the technology company do to develop skills? So, these are a few criteria that we have and then when the company ticks all of those, they are in. I'm interested in kind of shift the conversation if I may in your role. It's not uncommon to see a CIO and a chief digital officer together, but it's quite uncommon at a large firm like Coca-Cola. And I'm wondering, is that how the company, because your group, chief's information in digital, is that how the company's organized that you plug into somebody who has that dual role? Can you talk about that a little bit? Yeah, absolutely. So, Coca-Cola Chijek is within the Coca-Cola system. We are one of the leading butlers within the Coca-Cola system. The reason I merged the two roles is to be successful in the digital era. When you have the digital and IT separated, if IT goes a little slower, you cannot be successful in digital and you cannot be successful in generating new revenue streams or new business models. So, you have to orchestrate that evolution and transformation of IT and the rest of the business together. And that's why I merged the two roles. We are unique as Coca-Cola Chijek. How did you merge them? You say you merged those roles. Like, did you come at it from the, were you digital first and then? Yeah, exactly. Were you CIO first? I, digital first. I built, absolutely. Now that makes sense. Great point. I built from scratch and started with the digital strategy and then we went into defining what roles, what skills do we need? And then we redefined what are the improvements we need on the IT side, but it was all digital product based. Because I think it would be much harder for a CIO, let alone a woman CIO, no offense, but I don't think there's any offense there, but oh, she's trying to do a land grab. I can see that happening. But the digital officer title, because that's the hot title. And it's the visionary. It's the top one. Right. And a lot of times it's undefined. Absolutely. Yeah, so that's, And that, that's the structure of the organization. So you roll up into a merge? Yeah, because I came into the XCOM role, I had the privilege to kind of shape it from scratch. You want me? This is how it's going to work. Yes, exactly. And like Shankar was talking about Hidden Brain and all the change this morning, it was a change in terms of how we're going to approach digital, it was a change in terms of all the people who are part of the Coca-Cola JJ company and people who have been in technology or IT before. Now the expectations are very different. You have to be product organization. You have to be outcome centric. You have to generate revenue streams. So it's very different from the world of IT. I think any IT or any technology leader can do this if they are willing to transform themselves first and then their organization. And then they can transform the rest of the company. As the chief digital officer, data is a big part of your role. You're not the chief data officer. It's part of the organization. It's part of my organization, yes. Okay, so the CDO reports into it? Yes. Okay, and that individual sure is responsible for governance and compliance and all those? Absolutely, data management, data governance, the foundation and all the database solutions that are developing. See, I think you got it right. I think this idea of creating stovepipes, it's not as productive and it's harder to make decisions that are aligned with the organization's goal. Right, and we're going to be bolder. So we're going to disrupt further. Our goal now is to create platforms and then democratize the platforms. So our operating partners can learn the new skills and they can develop their own use cases on the platforms. And that way we'll go much further and much faster in terms of the generation of new revenue streams, changing operating models, data and technology, I call it the new operating system of any business and everybody must learn these skills. Well, and that's what I want to ask you about because if you think about a company and incumbent like Coca-Cola, your processes over the years in your data, maybe they were organized around the bottlers, or the distribution channel, et cetera, and that might not be the best process. So you have to take a look at that and then use process mining to say, actually, what is the best process to reinvent yourself? Absolutely, we are re-engineering and reinventing in a lot of places. Process mining helped us in short order to cash cycle, every company has ordered to cash process, we took an order to cash process, which we recently standardized, by the way, we thought we did. And then process mining told us that very few times you go through the happy path, most of the times you go out of the happy path. So gave us a lot of tangible outcomes where we improve the cycle time and it's an interesting process because you touch the customer. It impacts your delivery and your commitments to the customer and it makes life easier for the employees when you improve the process. This is only one piece. We are also transforming the way we are interacting with our customers using digital names and digital channel. But one thing is very valuable with us. While we do all of this, staying hybrid is very important. Like with everything else we do, that human touch and personal relationship with our customers and consumers is invaluable. So we're going to keep that. Doesn't matter how digital we go or how much technology we implement, we're going to keep the customer and consumer connect. The most valuable asset that we have. Absolutely, it is. Go ahead. I was going to say this is the one thing that we think about when we're designing our products, right? It's how can process mining help you optimize your workflows such that you can spend more time with the customer, such that you can spend more time and get back to them faster. That's critical. I always say the employee experience is inextricably linked to the customer experience. And so what you just talked about, you talked about so much stuff that I'd love to unpack. We probably don't have time. But coming in as with a transformation mindset one, being, you mentioned, you know, leaders need to be willing to embrace that. Obviously you were, but as a CIO working with UiPath, you're really helping to redefine work and also that customer experience to an extent. How does UiPath help facilitate that? So because they are listening and they are willing to partner with, and I think the most importantly, they're going to be part of our outcomes. They care about our outcomes. And going back to your question, how do you select a technology partner? That was one of the critical items. Outcomes are very critical. If there's no outcome, there's no point in it. We are not doing technology for the sake of doing it. We are, yes, we are all excited with what technology can bring and removing barriers very important, which is a huge, another huge topic. But if you don't generate an outcome, it's meaningless. And UiPath is willing to understand the outcome we are generating. So it's less of a commercial discussion, more of a technology and outcome conversation. So whether it's a customer outcome or an employee outcome or a cash outcome, financial outcome, I think that's why we have been successful and we have been on the journey with UiPath. Process mining, I think we are one of the very few clients, right, customers of UiPath, who are using it. And because we are a very progressive organization, UiPath is listening to our feedback and implementing back to your earlier question. You have so many customers, who do you listen, right? So when you are progressive and you really know what you are doing, you are also pulling UiPath, a big technology company into a direction that is more meaningful. So they listen to us in terms of what to improve with process mining. And that's why we were able to achieve the outcomes. And now they are listening to us further, on further improvements on process mining so that we can capitalize on further outcomes and benefits of process mining. So order to cash is common, use case. So what, were there any diamonds in the rough or do you suspect there are? Oh, we already realized. Yeah. Maybe some examples. Yes, we realized multiple tangible outcomes. We discussed this with Palak earlier today. One of them is, and some very interesting I'm not able to share, but the most critical one is we focused on improving cash cycle. It's an, you can imagine, extremely full flow business. Even within FMCG, right? We as Coca-Cola system, we are an extremely flow business. It's an instant consumption business. Hence your delivery and cash cycles are very different compared to other industries. So we said, we want to improve cash. We discovered that we improved the invoice due date change which impacts the payment terms by 20%. We improved credit limit approvals by 5% by removing unnecessary approval steps. We realized there were unnecessary approvals. These two are directly impacting our customers as well because it's waiting in somebody's queue to handle those approvals. And the customer is not getting the delivery because it's payment. Payment and delivery go hand in hand. And the third one is, and I'm not able to articulate the exact outcome, but it's a very critical day, average day gain on getting cash. So it's a cash gain. The next big outcome is the cycle time improvement. So we significantly improved the cycle time of the process and this means efficiency for our employees. We are making life easier for them. The last one is, again, a tangible one, 30,000 hours back in terms of productivity. One process, one country, 30,000 hours. That translates into, exactly, that translates into benefit for the customer. You increase customer satisfaction. You increase employee satisfaction because you remove all the non-valued works. So going back to Palak's point around continuous discovery. That's why I love it. It's like good old Lean Six Sigma. Lean Six Sigma is exactly that. You want to continuously improve the process. You don't do it once. With process mining, we don't want to do it once. We want to do it continuously. But this time, with automation. Before we go, I'm the lone male on the panel, so I have to ask. So you see IOC, a chief digital role. Very uncommon, let alone uncommon for a woman. Big time product management person, okay? That's cool, check. You've been in the industry for a while, now a celebrity on the cube and elsewhere. So has the pandemic, how has the pandemic affected the whole women in tech trend? Has it slowed it down? Has it accelerated? We were talking earlier about the working moms feeling like waist-dressed out more than the working dads, double 30% versus 15%. Has the pandemic in your minds altered in any way? Those women in tech meme? How so? Positive, negative? So we are trying to turn the negative into a positive. It is negative, absolutely. I think it impacted everybody. All women in all industries and in all areas of operation and workforce. Woman in technology is already a very slim, right? It's a very tiny layer within any company and out there in the society. And unfortunately, the challenges that came with COVID impacted and some of them had to leave and they couldn't stick around, right? So we are trying to turn that into positive. As a digital function, we have a big give back initiative. It's a priority of the digital team. I'll be talking about that very in an hour. Technology removes barriers. So we have to turn this into a positive. Yes, COVID has impacted everybody personally and directly or indirectly. But now with technology, we can remove barriers. We have now flexible working and hybrid working models being ramped up across all geographies and all industries and all companies. Technology removes barriers. We can teach technology to a lot of people and our communities and they can join because we have huge skill gaps in technology. That what's sad is we have huge scarcity of skills in technology and we have very few people but we are talking about women dropping out or any type of minor to dropping out, right? So we can leverage and improve and turn it around. I hope we'll accomplish to do that. We started doing that in our company and in Turkey and we are trying to expand that across multiple other countries with NGO partnerships helping women to gain certain skills so that they can join the economy again from wherever they are. Thank you for that. And from my point of view, I think there are two aspects as Layla said, it has affected women a little bit more but I've also seen in some cases it has leveled the playing field a little bit because there's, you know, everybody's on Zoom. The kids show up on Zoom cameras for men just as much as they do for women. So it helps shine a light on things that we would normally go through that nobody would know about. And I thought that was a really cool outcome to some degree of this, you know, my manager, Param has little kids and they'd be in his background all the time just as my little kids would be in my background.  And I thought that was a positive outcome of the whole being a female in technology. I like that. That's something that I hadn't thought about it in terms of leveling the playing field like that. There's, in this situation, there are both positives and negatives. I like how you're seeing the playing field level a bit more and how you're Coca-Cola looking to, how can we turn this negative into a positive? A lot of opportunities there. We uncovered a lot in the last, I'm going to guess, 20 minutes. Talking about continuous process discovery all the way to women in technology, how you're each doing that and what your perspectives are. I wish we had more time, we could keep going. But ladies, thank you for joining David Mead. Thank you very much. It's been a pleasure. For Dave Vellante, I'm Lisa Martin, live in Las Vegas at the Bellagio. UI Path Forward 4, we'll be right back.


So, I'm presenting joint work with my colleagues from the University of Leuven, and also Benzy from NXPCM conductors, and Nigel Smart, which affiliated also with the University of Bristol. So, let's start by having a taste of physical attacks, like that's the main topic of our paper. So, physical attacks refer to a really broad category of attacks that can perform against cryptographic implementations, and I'm not sure if it's okay. Okay, thank you, sorry. Physical attacks refer to a really broad family of attacks, and we could classify, we could split this huge family into probably two broad categories. The first one is such-and-and attacks, so here we have a picture of the typical setting that we would use to perform such-and-and attack on a regular processor, like the ones that we have on the phones, et cetera, and so there is a pickup coil that is a recording that is acquiring some electromagnetic emanations coming from the chip, and by applying some well-known statistical processing, such as differential power analysis, it's fairly easy to extract secrets from an unprotected implementation, so this is assuming that the implementation is running as is, we are not interfering with any of the flow of the computation, we are just observing some intermediates that are stemming from that same computation. On the other hand, also equally large family of attacks are fault attacks, so here, actually the adversary is actively trying to inject, to modify intermediates during the computation, this is essentially the cryptonalist paradise. Usually we are used to not being able to modify intermediates, but just observe either inputs and outputs, and here we completely change the game, and we can inject differences in any round, or probably we can skip rounds, et cetera. This is a really powerful attack model, and here we have a picture, again, of a microcontroller that we have in encapsulation, so we have access to the die, probably to the rear side of the die, and we have placed this chip into a microscope so that we can focus very precisely a laser beam into a precise spot in the chip, and we can, for example, target individual memory elements, so that we could flip at any point during the computation some intermediate that is happening. We could insert differences, or we can, as I said, skip rounds. This is a very powerful adversary. We will come later, and we try to model those two categories of attack. So the problem that we are addressing here is very well known. It's fairly common. It appears in many fields of crypto. That is, we try to implement some crypto graphic algorithm in a hostile environment. And what we are doing in this paper is we are porting some ideas that are fairly common in modern MPC protocols to this embedded security setting. So we are concerned about hardware implementations, such as, for example, for FPGAs or ASICs, and also embedded software implementations. I use the terms in this thing, Libby. So I don't try to be exhaustive in this slide, but there is hundreds of countermeasures that we could implement to end up with a fairly secure implementation. We can go very low level and try to suppress signals that others are in my observe using in-circuit noise generators or signal filters, or we can use, for example, a different logic style whose purpose is to equalize the power consumption such that we try that the power consumption is data independent. On the more formal side, perhaps, we can apply concepts from secret sharing. One principle, for example, is masking or ISW, private circuits. We can also add some countermeasures for attacks, for example, at the circuit level by having some detectors of light or glitches, or we can try to randomize the layout. For example, if we are concerned about micro-proving, we can try to add a layer of obscurity to the circuit. So there is a huge variety of countermeasures for physical attacks. Also, I mean, relatively, we are trying to solve relatively more or less the same problem with several, we can establish some analogies that they are not perfect, but we can establish some analogies with multi-party competition protocols. I have tried, again, not trying to be exhaustive here, so if your favorite protocol is not here, apologies, and I can put it later. There is a lot of modern NPC competition that we can use to compute jointly a function, even in the presence of some adversaries or some colluding parties. And you could argue that in the limit, maybe, probably, fully amorphic ingestion would also try to help in this problem that we have at hand. So what we try to do here is we try to port ideas that are common in this example in SPDZ, and we try to port it to bring them down here to the world of physical attacks and graphic implementations in hardware. Apologize for the noise, not sure what is happening. So one thing that we are introducing in this paper, shall I use this? Okay, perfect. Good. So one thing that we are introducing in this paper is the tile probe and fault, fault and probe model. So this means that we are assuming certain architecture for the chip, and we are partitioning the chip into a series of tiles, into a series of areas, and we are making the high-level analogy of each tile is a party. So we are assuming that each tile has its own combinational or sequential logic, also its own memory elements, such as registers or RAM, and also its own control. And that's not typical in modern hardware implementations. Of course, we are inspired by multiprocessor designs, current multiprocessor designs, but you have different cores that are more or less the same and can perform competition concurrently. And in this case, we further assume that there's some communication between these tiles, so every party can send messages to any other party. We are making here the analogy of each tile belongs to each party, so it's natural that what we are trying to achieve is to provide security even if some tiles are compromised by an adversary. More precisely, the adversary can either drop or even can tamper with any intermediate as long as it stays within the set of tiles that the adversary controls, namely all but one. So this is, of course, naturally also inspired by the wire probe model, but here, normally in the wire probe model, we limit the number of probes that the adversary can probe, and here we are rather not doing that, but rather limiting the number of tiles. Within a tile, he can probe any number of intermediates. So we are assuming certain structure in the underlying architecture of the chip where we want to implement our design. So again, I'm going to talk about the different attacker models. So first, for site-channel security, as I have said, the adversary is allowed to probe any number of intermediates as long as they stay within the tiles. Now for fault analysis, we actually consider two different adversaries. The first one is a quite powerful adversary that is allowed to fault any intermediate as long as also it stays within these T-1 tiles. This is naturally inspired by SPDC, and with this we try to capture the capabilities of a multiple-shot DFA or even multiple lasers. Currently, there are already labs that do multiple-shot DFA and also labs that can position several lasers in the same chip, but this is fairly complicated. So I think we are capturing a little bit more than what we can perform nowadays in the lab, but it's a matter of time and practice that we can get more lasers shooting the same chip. In addition, we also consider, for fault analysis, we also consider another adversary that can fault everywhere in the chip, so that can affect all the tiles. This is quite relevant because there is also a broad family of attacks that consist of, for example, and generating an electrical arc in the vicinity of the chip, and this arc induces some strong electromagnetic field pools, and when this field gets into the chip, it induces some currents, and then it flips values everywhere in the chip. Actually, normally here you don't have a lot of resolution or a lot of precision.   But this is still, we try to model this adversary with this random fault everywhere. So this is a picture of our laser setup in Leuven. So there's a microscope there. There's a microscope objective here. We use that microscope objective to focus some light, some laser light, that laser light, when it hits the silicon and chip, but the photoelectric effect, it generates some currents, and then it can flip some bits, or send bits to one, to zero, et cetera. It's really powerful and it's a great deal of an art to have fine control over it. The adversary model is, of course, bounded by the resolution, whether in time or in location, whether the fault is transient or permanent, we try to account for them all. And you can see that, for example, the laser normally goes either here on top or this is an optic fiber that is connected to laser that we don't see, but this works. This is an example of an instantiation of the attacker that we try to model with the second adversary model. This is essentially a short loop antenna that we, and this is some electronics, that essentially we are discharging one capacitor rapidly over this antenna, and this generates a pulse that goes into the chip and that flips random values everywhere. This is just to give you an example of the two different adversarial models that we try to account for. So I will skip this and maybe get back later here if I have time, but I want to start with a description of how we compute data in this model. And, of course, I will split it in two parts. First, how do we represent data and then how do we do useful computation with this data? So the main idea is as modern successful NPC protocols is not to start with a verifiable secret sharing scheme to confer active security. It's not to do that, but to start with a possibly secure secret sharing scheme and add some information on the MAC tags to the values that are being handled. So that's the approach that we are following here. So let's say we want to represent a value A, and what we do is we handle shares of that value and then shares of the MAC tag. Shares of the value is just additive secret sharing, so you split value into a tuple of D elements. The splitting is probabilistic in the sense of any D minus one tuple would give you nothing about the underlying secret A, and all D will sum up back to the original secret A. The MAC tag, the answer MAC tag that you actually don't handle is a multiplication of this value times a secret constant that is the MAC key. We handle this MAC tag also shared, otherwise it would leak and it would be more susceptible to fault attacks by following the same procedure. So we also apply additive masking to this tag. So we split this tau of A, this MAC on A into D shares such that this sum to the original tag. The MAC tag is also shared, but does not have any tag itself. So as you know, if you are already familiar with SPDC, this sounds very, very familiar, it's exactly the same. So now we can explain how to perform computation. So linear operations are very easy because this splitting is amenable to any linear operation, such as addition or multiplication by a known constant, so I will rather explain how we do a nonlinear operation for example, multiplication. So let's say we want to multiply x times y, so we are given shares of x and also shares of the tag of x, similar for y, and we are also given an auxiliary triplet, an auxiliary data that is the sharing of three values, A, B and C. So we'll talk more about this later, but for the moment, it's sufficient to say that A, B are random values that are shared following what we just described, and also it holds that C is the multiplication of A times B. We assume that this falls from the sky and then we can proceed with the computation. The computation is performed in four steps. So the first one is blinding. I'm trying to go to the next slide. The first one is blinding. So we essentially blind our input x and y with the corresponding random value A or B. This step is local. This applies only to the values and also to the mag tags, but we keep the mag tags local also because in the next step, what we do is we unmask the values that we just compute in the previous step. You can do this because A, B are random. So this unmasking is performed by a broadcast of its shares. So parties are connected as we have set and they can send to each other and these values are they can unmask epsilon and eta here. This broadcasting, if it's implemented in hardware, requires a synchronization element, of course, otherwise you could incur in, you could incur in some unmasking via glitches and so you have to be careful. We acknowledge that in the paper. You would have to capture intermediates before performing this excerpt into a register. In the next step, we try to detect if somebody cheated while broadcasting this value. So we perform a mag tag verification on this value. Here we are deferring slightly from SVDC that differs this checking until the end of the computation but this operation also requires some communication. After that, we perform the actual multiplication. So until now, probably nothing has happened, but nothing useful in terms of computation has happened. And here we use the Viva relation to mix local shares of X, local shares of A, that is some part of the auxiliary data and the publicly open values or the unmask values to compute shares for C, which is the multiplication of X times Y and as well as the tag. It's tag. So this auxiliary data is required. Actually, probably all the magic comes from having this triplet that satisfies that relation. And of course, it does not automatically fall from the sky. We cannot use a simple PNG like in conventional masking, but we have to compute this beforehand. We use, we start by generating them with a passively secure multiplier and then we add security for active adversaries with a relation verification step that you have the details in the paper. So what we can provide here is that the union of all minus one tiles does not disclose any secret. So we could argue security against D minus one order DPA attacks. In the same way that we go from prop security to statistical DPA security, we also provide some security against fault attacks so fault attacks are actually always possible. I mean, the probability is non-zero, but you have to just to get lucky and the probability that you get lucky depends of course on the length of the MAC key. It's parameterized. This security is parameterized. So if you can afford it, you can have longer MAC keys. You will pay for that in area, but you could get higher, better bounds on detection probability. It's maybe worth remarking that this detection probability does not depend on the structure of the fault. So contrary to other approaches, for example, where we use linear codes, for example, there are many schemes in which that accept undetectable faults. So if you are able to inject the fault such that, for example, it becomes a code word, it will pass undetected or are targeted towards faults with a high weight, with a many bits set, here we try to stay away from that. Also, we acknowledge the existence of a combined adversary and we inherited this kind of properties from the NPC protocols. Not everything is covered because for example, we are not using commitments, but still for our cases that are relevant to us, yeah. I have some minutes left, so I will talk about some recommendations that we wrote. So the first one is an AES in hardware for FPGAs or ASICs. So there are, as you know, the most difficult part to compute probably in AES is the S-Box, it's the only nonlinear element. There is an expression for the S-Box using operations in GF2 to date. This looks pretty ugly to implement, but actually you could implement in, I think, six squares, seven multiplications, and 13 cycles or something like that. You could also split the S-Box into two stages, like first an inversion and then an affine operation over bits, and we go for this route, actually. The inversion we compute as x to the power of 254 and we split it using that expansion chain, which requires only two kinds of operation. First is expansion to the power of five and then another operation that we need is x to the power of four times y to the power of two. So I have only explained how to do multiplications, but in the paper we also explained how to do more complex operation, such that, for example, multiplication after linear operations that you could apply to carry out x to the power of four times y to the power of two. And naturally, here you would not need triplets, but you would need a different kind of auxiliary data that is even bigger and carries more operations. We synthesize the design using these primitives and you get four cycles for the inversion, one extra cycle for the affine transform, and in total making five cycles. This is a picture of the data path. Okay, this is good enough. Synthesis results, we have, we synthesize this for using standard cells for ASIC. The size is very large, it's quite large. It's just not worth it to see that, for example, the actual computation takes about 30 gates for two shares, but the pre-processing takes probably three times more. So actually, most of the work is pushed to the pre-processing, as we imagine. I have to go a little bit faster. I mentioned that we have also, so we tried to get a simpler block cipher to give a proof of concept and we went for catan, which the only nonlinear operation is an ant. And this one we could fit into an FPGA and we could take measurements and then could empirically confirm that we are reducing leakage. What we have here, the results of the test evaluation of a non-specific leakage detection test. On the left, this is fairly standard practice. On the left, we have the results of the evaluation when the countermeasure is switched off by switching off the randomness. And on the right, we have the change when the only thing that we do is we switch on the randomness. And well, you can see here that the statistic surpasses some threshold, indicating that there is evidence for leakage. And when we turn on the countermeasure, the statistic remains within bounds so that it indicates that the leakage is reduced. And so this is for first order and these are for second order. As expected, there is leakage and because we are only just handling two shares. So synthesize for another version with three shares, similar results hold. And we also have prototype some version of a bit slice in software for an ARV. And I think this is enough for future work. We definitely would like to improve the cost, probably simplifying even further, and especially the preprocessing stage. Okay, let's thank all the speaker of the session. Thank you.


Okay, welcome to this hearing by a zoom of the local historic district mission. We seek to aid property owners and the town and preserving and protecting the distinctive characteristics and architecture of buildings and places significant in the history of Amherst. Members of the public who wish to access the meeting may do so via zoom or by telephone and a hyperlink to the hearing will be posted on the town's online calendar. We require one of three certificates to ensure that new construction and most alterations of exterior architectural features in the district meet requirements. This hearing is open to the public and is being recorded. And we're going to start with Mr. Malloy summarizing the applications and then the applicant can speak and then we'll talk about them. So, thank you. I begin. I guess I'll ask if there's anyone here for 14 Gray Street if you raise your hand or. All right. We'll bring you in for as a panelist and so you can go ask you want to join. Hi Brad so you can meet yourself and then you're free to. You know give a presentation or share your screen or I can at your request. I'm not however you want it to work. I want to show the drawings that I've submitted that would be great. The essential request and this application is to extend the existing fence, the privacy fence along existing property line in the south of the property. In the same form and fashion as the existing fence to complete that privacy fence and then to put in place a stand encapsulation fence around the yard where there's existing architect or property features along the property line with my neighbors. I understand that this group is not consider plantings when considering about things being visible from the right of way but largely these should be invisible to the, the eye of passersby. The intent is to be a minimally apparent fence shorter than existing features and existing fences, mostly just for I have small children and a dog that I'd like to not have, you know, run about on the busy streets. Yeah, I'll just add to that you know this is what's online the packet and what was submitted so here's, you know existing fences and blue proposed in green and then a new fence in red. Here's 14 Gray Street is Gray Street is just our main street is just, you know, south just off the page. So here's the existing fence, which would be matched, and then, you know how panel fences, like a gridded wire panel with, you know, would, you know would framing. You know, here's the specifications for that one kind of fence. Let's see what else do we have here and then you know here's just some images of what it would look like and so it is visible from you know from Gray Street and Main Street. So my plan is that it would be the existing style and form would be the part visible from main and gray. I guess, you know, the gate along the side of the house kind of in the picture left here, you'd be able to see a little bit of it there as well. Are there questions from the commission. None for me it seems pretty reasonable and pretty clear. Does anyone else have any concerns. I can understand with small children or you might want to have a fence there. It's a beautiful house to. Thank you. Yeah, the idea is just minimalist functional, fitting with the design. Yeah, it's kind of nice in a way that kids can see through that you can see through it. Yeah, the type, the type of fence won't be very I stopping or anything like that. Yes, my daughter and son in law for the fence like that I helped them. So I've already committed to this type of fence, I guess. All right. It sounds to me like we're perhaps ready to approve this certificate. Sorry just quickly there are some members of there's six other attendees public attendees if we'd want to have any public comment. Is there anyone in the public who'd like to comment on this. You could raise your hand if you do. I'm not seeing any hands being raised. All right, then let's move to about to this is to approve the certificate for this fence current. I, I approve. Elizabeth. Yes, I approve. Nicole. Yes, approve. I approve. And Bruce. Yes. I also approve it. So, Brad, I think you're all set. We have approved your certificate and Nate will be producing that and I will be signing it for you. Thank you. Thank you very much for coming to this hearing. Okay, should we move to the next. Request. Yeah. So the next one is. I just waiting for zoom for a second. It's 41 43 fearing if there's anyone here. They could raise their hand. To speak or present. Do we have anyone 43 fearing is anyone here for 43 fearing. I had spoken with a contractor I know. He had a, you know, had trouble as computers broken he was going to call in and I had. I emailed the owner isn't spoken with them and they were away but they're going to try to attend. And they asked this house and they've already made the changes. Right. No one's here. I can, I can, I'll share my screen. I'll run through the, the, the, what the changes may just. Yeah, this is that visible for everyone. Yes. This was the existing. It's looking at the second floor.  I was added later because, you know, this existing railing wasn't up to code for height. And I think the decking needed to be replaced. You can see there's some damage over here. And so the proposal was to then.  And this is what, sorry, I was assuming this is what it looks like now. So it hasn't, it hasn't been trimmed. It hasn't been finished, but they did, you know, put new railings and other things. What they're using is, you know, this railing system from, you know, timber tech. And so it's, I guess, yeah, like Nancy said, it's already installed, you know, it looks similar but not, you know, there's slight difference between what was there. But, you know, it looks like now. So a question, Nate. Did these folks have a building permit initially to do this or did they just move ahead and do it? Yeah, the building permit was an issue either so. That's what I was wondering because otherwise Rob would have, I would have thought directed him here, directed the applicants here. So yeah, there was some difficulty getting the contractor to complete all the paperwork for both permits. Yes, it's one would have thought the contractor would have known a full well that a building permit was necessary and be given how conspicuous the work is that he would be hauled in if he didn't do that but apparently, neither of those, the contractor was not aware of either of those two possibilities. So this is somebody who's very and very new to the game of building I'm guessing. No, I think, you know, we went to an online permitting system and the contractor doesn't use computers. So I think it was more about a lack of understanding, you know, how to submit things. So, you know, I have spoken with one of the building inspectors I was assigned to this and Rob more and I said you know what we typically do here is just trying to get this into compliance. So, you know, we're still trying to get information for the building permit in terms of its structure so you know we don't necessarily care. You know what kind of choice they were using, you know what kind of doesn't meet building code, we're looking at the aesthetic piece but that's what was holding up the building permit you know they needed a framing plan, and a few other pieces. So, so as I saw what you showed and I looked at it earlier online I only got back from Europe after five weeks last night so I didn't drive over and have a look at it in the flesh but it looked virtually identical. The major differential is the fact that the raiding, you know, the double raider it's been it's been put at the appropriate height from a building code point of view in in the first instance here so the second raiding isn't necessary. So it seems I couldn't see anything that looked as though it was not a, you know, a replication of what was there, or as close as possible. Rita, I think that the only difference that I noticed was that the space between the rails is greater now than it used to be. So it used to be the same as the first floor, but now it's wider between the two between the rails. Oh, this. Could you bring that up again. It looks like someone had raised their hand. Yeah, I, my, I immediately went to that, that it was not the same the distance between the uprights were not the same. Right. If this had come to us before they had done it I would absolutely have asked that those vertical pieces be the same and they used to be the same for three but not for, I mean, they could have repaired it. So that's, do you see the difference numbers. Yes, I do. And if you look at the old picture of the house. Yeah, yeah, they were the same. They were the same. Yeah. Edward, I'm not allowed you to talk. I don't know if you're Edwin. Are you here to represent the project. You have to unmute yourself. Hello. Yes. Hi, my name is Edwin Gensler. I'm the owner of 43 Fearing, and Ward Welcome did the work on the debt. And I can answer some of your questions I can't answer them all. This was put in 25 years ago by and Lance taught us and I put in the hogging and all sorts of nice materials. And I thought they would last. But they did deteriorate some moisture got underneath and some of the joints deteriorated. So, I asked for the welcome. I think these are some quite a bit of work around them. To replace the deck and repair the railing. And he couldn't happen to match it as closely as he could. I like the, I like everything about what Lance did before he matched the columns he matched the style of the house even found five panel doors that fit with the architecture and So I think Lord did a very good job I did ask him to use materials that would have a longer life because that's the snow and the rain and the wind and the leaves. That's that does take a certain degree of weather. And I'm pretty pleased with how it turned out. The this was a bit routine through the first time you get it. And they looked at it pretty closely. And I matched as much as I could. The original plan. And I'm pretty pleased with the war did what it did deteriorate underneath the deck. I think they was fine. So Lord welcome left the Underneath open for whomever wanted to come by and and take a look on the construction but I'm very pleased with how it turned out. And I think the integrity of the house was pretty well maintained. So, if I may, the question then is, are we satisfied with the balance is facing or would we ask that they be reinstalled in a closer figure closer together. This is an artificial. It's not wood. Lance had his own legs and his own workshop and he could reproduce materials pretty easily. This is a pre fact, but I think I think the war purchased it from low. Not 100% sure about And it was it's the top of the line and what they had the The difficulty was getting the height. I wanted the higher Level because I don't want any problems with Anybody having Falling off and that's what the start of the mission did last time they made me put a little Double railing in the top. I think you can see that kind of photos. This time the railing is manufactured to be a higher I don't think it would have been this commission That would have asked for a double railing because we Didn't exist. I don't think it that Well that could be that could be I mean, I think this is the first time The historical mission has looked at this So I think that's probably correct Are you aware that you were supposed to have come to the historical commission before doing this work The local historic district commission You know, I sort of left the permitting To the constructor And I think My understanding is that he did Get a permit to do The construction now whether or not that was with the historical commission or not Once again I can say He did say that someone from the historical commission Probably come by and take a look at it Happens I think Regardless of all the history and so forth it seems that We just have to decide whether we're satisfied with the Or whether we want to ask that those balusters be put closer I'm not I don't know the system that's been purchased I imagine that it's probably a matter of buying more of the balusters and But I think that would be the question if the if the system that has been purchased here Has got a certain Is manufactured to accept balusters The vertical pieces only at the spacing that we see In other words, whether there's some kind of lock in arrangement or whether there's just a slot and you can install and fasten As many of these as as you would choose I don't know because I'm not familiar with the the propriety line My understanding is that this is a kind of a free fab construction And Ward said if we would make more than he doesn't have the workshop to do it It would it would It would just buy more Customs Considerable This kind of I'm sure At various In the In the Amish What do the other commissioners think about this Question I wonder if you're going to finish the The raw wood that I see is that going to be The diagonal Right. We've already The board is ready to install at any point I do think that there was I would say I won't say I'm a hundred percent sure but I'm 98% sure that war welcome Did pull a permit for this and that left us open For the building inspectors to come take a look at what's underneath And as soon as that's approved the the finishing pieces will go off Okay, that makes sense. Thank you. So let me ask is there anyone who does not wish to approve this at this point Betty, would you speak Yeah, I'd like to have a little more discussion about it Because the question is if it had come to us With this as the plan And not had been already done Would we have approved it or would we've had made the suggestion that the balusters etc should match as it had done before The lower fencing The lower you know around the Board So and then the question is if people go ahead and just make the changes themselves for whatever reason Whether that does set a precedent for skirting the issues skirting the desires of the committee Yes, I agree with you current Can can you hear me. Yeah, okay. I think it's a cost question too and I think we have to be careful to demand that people put a lot of money into restoring something I think that this is a prefab thing unless I'm wrong and to have it match probably would have been a custom thing. Now, it's it would have been a nice thing beforehand for us with for for war to be able to discuss that with us. Just as we, you know, the little house across from me we decided it was okay they could they could put in different windows even though we like the matching the antique she said it's just that they're so much more expensive. And we as the local historical society we, we have to be careful to not, you know, demand that people go really overboard in putting custom, I'm sure this would be thousands. I'm pretty sure this would be thousands of dollars more, if he couldn't go with the kind of a prefab sort of thing. So, it shouldn't be a precedent that you should just go up and do what you want but I don't think that it will be I think we have to make sure that we get our word out more that these are the things that have to be approved, but I'm ready to approve it as as is because of that. Rita. I think I agree with Karen. It is a judgment call. I mean I think it would be a lot more expensive and it is hard. It would be a lot more expensive. I think it would have, it would look better to me to have the same on the bottom is the top. But I also know it's hard to be a homeowner and it's expensive and so. I think we need to talk to the builder about the builders to about coming to us first. Yeah, I'm surprised that Ward welcome has not communicated with us. I think we did attend to be at this meeting. I know his wife does have a computer. That's a bit of a surprise and I understand that he had been in touch with you. I think it's actually more more than a single occasion, as the project continues so that time was a bit of a surprise to me. The first deck that I put in with the mahogany was, yeah, I think it started at about 45,000 dollars and do about 75,000. It was never do that again by the time he went, he would go to his lab and make more and more of those. You know, they're all the top they're about it. It was. And then the weather. Yeah, we had some soap on with the snow. I mean it was just really rough on the material. Well, pretty clean. We look at a couple of different types of materials that were there. The wood is just beautiful. It looks, it looks just like mahogany, you know, it's pressure treated. Some of these. I don't know what you're talking about the material. It's really getting quite good. Some of those materials. I really want to. Yeah, we spent a lot of time. Figuring out. And the results and integrity all of these were serious considerations. So I think there's some nice things about the way it's been done that the columns line up in a nice way. There's some things that look better. I'm, I'm still very unhappy about the fact that you didn't come here first. Because we would have liked to have had this conversation with you before you put this in. Betty. I want to ask the question, do we know that there aren't other prefab systems that have the narrower spacing. Good question. Good question. And I did look at that. The original cases before there's, they are very close together. Unusually so. I have looked at other balconies and decks in the town of Anna. And I haven't seen any of them with those. I don't know what to call them. I was chasing so close together. So I don't, if I could have found a prefab that would have replicated that I think I would have purchased staff and I would have been willing to pay. Hey, more, but it is a, it's an unloading style. I think it's actually pretty typical for the period. I think we've got the same at our house. I think most porches around here have very close ballast rates if they were done built during that time period. But I know that to have them replaced is expensive. I've had them replaced. And I understand the problem. I think it's time for us to perhaps take a vote on whether to move forward with this. Nancy, you're going to recognize me. I've had my hand up for a very long time. Oh, I'm sorry. You know, your hand is against a yellow background and I didn't see it. Okay. I'm more of Elizabeth. The it's, it's not clear to me. It's not clear to me that this system can't have the ballast as closer. I went online in the interim and looked at the timber tech system and so forth. The spacing is based on a code requirement for a minimum of five, a maximum of five inches of gap, which is presumed to be the size of a child's head. It's not clear to me. And if the builder was here, he could perhaps enlighten me that these that these that you couldn't just buy more of these balusters and install them at a closer spacing. Regardless, I don't think you necessarily have to go and find another system. We need to know whether this system is flexible enough to have accepted the balusters and still is the closest spacing and the contractor could tell us that. Or I could drive down to Lowell's and find out. But I'm, I'm not inclined to agree to something that's been done retroactively when the when the contractor is who did it isn't even here to answer a basic question about whether the purchase of a certain number of additional balusters wouldn't solve wouldn't allow them to be installed at the closest spacing. And I don't think it's we're not talking thousands of dollars here if the system is flexible in that regard it's, it, I mean, it'll, it'll cost some money to take the current balusters out and replace the middle closest spacing. But that maybe is the cost of not coming in asking in the first place. I reckon a me. Yeah, I would agree with Bruce and Elizabeth as well. This is another project on pairing remember that the contractor never shows up. This has been not we need to take a stand I think. And I don't, I don't think it's on or as to see if you can, there can be more struts put in. I also have another issue which is unrelated but isn't on the stairs going up under my code is supposed to be for safety railings, or is that grandfather then so doesn't mean it's not under. I'm just a question tonight, because I know that for most steps approaching they're supposed to be handrails. I'm pretty interested. Hi. Yeah, it could be that this. I was looking at there's three steps. I mean it might be under the height threshold. I don't. Yeah. Yeah, I just was curious. Betty. I don't have a table of vote on this until we get a little more information. If we ask the homeowner and the contractor to get back in touch and see if the balustrade system can be retrofitted is Bruce suggests or whether there's an another system of this type. I mean, I don't mind the synthetic that that would work. Would you like to make a motion to that? To table this. Well, no, so we have to continue it to a date certain it's an open public hearing and so, you know, I would suggest November 20th, which would give us time to advertise additional hearings. This could be first on the agenda. I'll also say that. The commission is still here that, you know, the commission is needs to issue a certificate within so many days. And if it extends beyond that, then either it's constructively granted or is denied. And so, you know, I'd want you to agree today that you would sign this waiver that the that the commission may not make a decision within 60 days. And if not, then we would just deny it.  Or, you know, the representative now saying that they would agree to sign a waiver. And so, you know, yeah, I mean the commission reached out to the town and was told long before the work happened that it needed both a building permit and a local historic district certificate and it was never followed through with and so, you know, I think that in some instances, people aren't aware of it and this one, I don't think that was the case. And so, you know, we're going to sign whatever I need to sign to get a continuance. I do think that a conversation or at least if I send the board welcome a handful of questions about what is the permitting process. He's built whole households in the area so I, I'm really surprised that he's worked on many houses in the historical districts as well. So, this does come as a bit of a surprise and he's the one that told me about with me. That I attend. So, this is the first time I've been invited to the talk with you. I certainly understand your concern. It's a beautiful neighborhood. My house is right on the northern entrance of the sunset prospect Lincoln street. The historical district and I think they pride in my house tonight. I'm pretty pleased with the results. I certainly wasn't trying to cut any corners. I wasn't trying to. I just wanted to maintain the integrity of what was left. The way the house has been before that. I thought I did that. Yeah. So I will. I guess the question you want to know is what happened. Why didn't we contact you soon. And what efforts were made to contact and then this, do we have any flexibility with this project and can you amend it. I think there's two things. One is, or a few things. One is, you know, a written agreement that you'd waive the 60 days to have a certificate issued. And the other one is, you know, more than just war telling us the balusters can't be spaced differently. We'd want to have, you know, information from the company explaining if they, you know, additional balusters could be installed. And the cost of that. And so, you know, I would want to see correspondence with the manufacturer or a representative from the company or something. And then also what the cost is, because this could have been, you know, caught beforehand and incorporated into the project or not, but at least the commission would have had the ability to have a say. Exactly. That makes sense. No, we have a generic form. I'll send word the generic form and you can pass it along. Okay. Nate, do we need to take any more action as a commission to continue this or is that sufficient. No, we need a motion and a vote to continue it to a time and date certain. So, okay. Do I have a motion to continue this to a time and date search? And I think the date would be November. Well, let's just say late November. We have to say actually like November. That's a Monday that works for everyone. I won't be here, but I'm not going to be here all next month. Okay. So do I do I have a motion to continue this? November 20. I saw move. Yes. Second. All right. Betty. Yes. Bruce. Yep. Yes. Yes. Sorry. Yes. See. Yes. Yes. Great. Did you. Yes. Yes. All right. So we have passed this motion and we will continue it to November 20th at 3pm. Thank you, Edwin. Thank you, everybody. Right. The next one is for was it 156 fearing or 156 stunts. Is there. Since anyone representing. All right. Kathy will be promoted to panelists or you'll be asked to be invited. Good afternoon, everybody. Thank you for coming to our meeting. Of course. Happy to be here. I'm a property manager with work. Real estate. We manage the property. I did invite the contractor to be present. So he was given the link, but I he might not be, he might not be here. I didn't raise his hand. I, I'm sorry. He might not be here. I did prepare a small presentation. So I can share my screen. If that would be acceptable. I don't know if it. I think if you try. Try now. Okay. And Shane, Shane. Is he. Correct. Yeah. He was the one who put the fence in. Shane, I'll promote you to panelists as well. That's visible for me. Okay. Great. So here's a, so I do want to say that the friends has already been erected. I'm sure if you've. Gone by and taken a look at this point, it. It did escape my notice here on our end that the, the contractor had not gone through the appropriate channels. So I do want to apologize on protects his behalf that we didn't cross our keys and our eyes. But I do want to give you the brief description of the work. As well as the materials and I have some photos as well. And we kind of go over the intention of the fence and the reason for the construction. So the. From the diagram, six inch or six foot height fence for foot back from the road with a 30 inch buffer. And then we went with for a stockade fencing. To match what was already present on the property. And I'm not going to go into that. I'm not going to go into that. I'm not going to go into that. I'm not going to go into that. I'm not going to go into that. But I'm just going to go over the intention of the fencing. To match what was already present on the property. And I do have some photos of some of the present stockade fencing that already exists. And here are also some of the product literature. The pressure treated panels. There's spruce. As well as the posts, which are yellow pine. I believe this was sent along in the permit as well as the application. With the historical committee. So you should have a copy of this as well. So this is the existing fencing that exists. This is over by the parking area on the property. Obviously it's a little bit more weathered. So it is a slightly different color. Then, you know, what was newly erected, but our intention was to match what was already pre existing. That exists on the property as is. And the intention of the fence. So we border three permanent Amherst residents year round residents. I believe councilwoman Jennifer top has a property there. Bill and Connie Gillan. I think that's a great idea. I think that's a great idea. I think that's a great idea. I think that's a great idea. We're well known in the community as well as Jesse Johnson, who inherited that house from his. Parents who passed through his father who passed recently. There were some concerns since we do have student tenants about crossing the property line. Just general concerns. Noisiness, that type of thing. We've been working really hard to foster a good relationship with the neighbors here kind of going forward. And we thought offense. I think that's a great idea. But I think it's a great idea to see between our student tenants and the permanent residents who share that property line. So that was the intention of the fence. There is some natural bushes, kind of towards the back of the property, but this would add just another layer. To ensure that there was no, you know, there's more of a separation between our tenants and, you know, the existing permanent, permanent year round residents who who reside on the street with them. this area from the street where it's back, you can see where it transitions from the forefoot to the six foot, as well as just the, there's no stain or anything on the fence as of right now. It's just the pressure treated the wood. I believe John Thompson did take a look at this a little while back closer to when it was erected and they did make, the contractor did pull it a little further back from the road per his request. So that's already been completed just to be in line with the 30 inches back from the road. And then here's towards the back of the fence. It does kind of go along the length of the property and then ends at some of the natural foliage that separates kind of separates over the back area of the property and the adjacent properties as well. So that is kind of the entirety of the project. This was planned in closely after discussing with the neighbors. So our intention here was to just to create a better atmosphere overall for the neighborhood to make sure that the permanent residents didn't feel intruded upon by our tenants. Obviously we wanna make sure that as much as we wanna preserve the historical integrity of the area we'd also like to make sure that it's a comfortable and livable space for everybody involved. So that was the intention of the fence. And again, I do wanna apologize. I was not aware that, I was not aware that the contractor I believe he's based out of where and I don't think he's worked in Amherst before. So I was not aware that he, I think there was a miscommunication between us about this need to come across your awareness first. So that would be kind of the, and please let me know if you'd like me to move to any slides but that would be sort of the general outline of our intentions and what was completed here. Thank you. So I'd like to hear now from the commissioners what their feelings are about this fence. Bruce. I think it seems like, I mean, it's hardly a historical thing of these fences and so forth, but it's matching something that was there. It probably hasn't been there for a huge long time but it's consistent with what's there. And I think that probably is a basis that's reasonable. The only thing that I would, I don't know whether we can ask but if it had come to us before it was built I might have paid some attention to the transition between the four foot and the six foot. It's simply a dramatic abrupt step up. And the way this is usually done is there's an incline from the lower level to the, so that that rail that just comes straight out and ends in space, the upper rail on the last section of fence would be made to slope down and butt into the top of the lower rail just behind the four foot high post. And then the stockhead fencing would be trimmed accordingly so it would gradually go up on the slope. Yes, exactly, just like that. That would be the only thing from my point of view that I would have asked to see differently. And that would have been my opinion at the time. Thank you. I certainly agree with you. It looks very strange the way it abruptly jumps up and it doesn't follow the lay of the land which actually does go downhill rather than up. Yeah. Right, and we're happy to make amendments as well if you feel that that would be a pretty simple fix to adjust a couple boards to make a smoother transition. That is something we're more than happy to take care of. Other thoughts from other commissioners? Greta's got a hand up. I'm sorry, I can't see everybody. Greta. Yeah, I agree with Bruce and Nancy. I think it looks really awkward and since it would be a really easy fix, I suggest that. I appreciate that you used spruce, that used wood. It also looks a little raw to me. Now I know that the understanding is that you put the nice side facing your neighbors but I wondered if the side facing the road could be made to look less raw. I don't know if anybody has any ideas on that but I definitely think the transition should be changed. And I appreciate the idea that it will prevent people from walking through the neighbor's yard to big one. Yeah. Other thoughts? Yeah, I mean, I was gonna say, would the post be cut to match the top rail? I mean, that's difficult once installed. You know, I'm not, yeah, I don't have any other suggestions. I was gonna just, I was gonna share my screen quickly. I took some pictures that were in the packet. So here it is from the street. You know, here it is from, you know, when you're approaching on the street. So with the vegetation on the neighboring property, I know we have to exclude vegetation because it could be taken down but when there is foliage, it is not very visible. So it's mostly visible from, you know, the property side you know, and once you go by it, it's really not that visible. So, you know, this is the extent of it from front to back. Other comments? Betty? I think it's fine. I don't have any comments on it other than that, you know, the meeting of the four and the six Heights was abrupt. And if you can fix that, that'd be terrific. Do we need to put that into some as one of the conditions or does it, do we just accept that they're going to do that? No, it needs to be written into the condition of the certificate. Are there public comment? There's somebody, Shane Miliere would like to speak. I was thinking from the three people, well, I know what Hill is here for, but before we were to make a motion or something, is there is somebody in the public who wants to make a comment that might affect the outcome of things? Nate, we can't hear you. It appears to raise their hand, I don't know. Yeah, it appears, it appears not. That being the case, I will move that the application for a fence that, and that Nate, you can certainly address is fearing, found consistent, et cetera, with the goals and the provisions of the Local and Structure District Commission bylaws and that we approve a certificate of appropriateness conditioned on the fence transition between the four and the six be made less abrupt by cutting the fencing to an angle, to creating an incline to transition between the height differential. Do we have a second? A second. All right, take this to a vote. Then, Karin? Yes. Rita? Yes. Betty? Yes. Bruce? Yes. Steve? Yes. Nicole? Yes. And I approve also. So we will grant you that certificate with the proviso that the transition be fixed. Gotcha, we will make that amendment. When we do make that amendment, would you just want images just uploaded to the online appropriating portal just for your review? Would that be the best way to submit that over to you guys? What are your thoughts, Nate? Yeah, that'd be fine if you just uploaded it through the OpenGov software. Okay, well, we will schedule that out to be amended. And then when we have some photos and some images of the amendment, I'll submit that for your review. Okay, all right. Thank you, Katharine, for coming to the meeting and for sharing with us your plans for the time. What else do we have, Nate? That was it. I think, like I mentioned, there's a few other applications waiting. That would be heard in November. I didn't have an update on the bylaw. That's something we still can work on. ECM-erced CPA proposal was submitted. And it will be under consideration by the committee if Steve had submitted it. So I'm not sure there's any other announcements or anything. All right, so we've established that we will meet again on November 20th at 3 p.m. Oh, so may. I can't come on November 20th, so. Okay. Sorry. I can be here, but I'm gonna need to do a bus pickup. So like whatever voting if you need for quorum, I probably gotta leave here like 340. All right. And again, I won't be here or so. Okay. You have to schedule without me. Yeah, as long as we have a quorum, for 45 minutes or an hour, that would be fine. We can always continue something or hopefully the Fearing Street one comes back and it's pretty straightforward. The other one is another fence in on North Prospect, which I think will be pretty straightforward as well. There's other things happening outside compressors. There isn't a big project necessarily, but small changes. Okay. Good. Can I ask one quick question? So, Nate, are we moving ahead with the parking amendment changes for the bylaws? That is moving at that, right? Yeah, I'll bring language in November. Yeah, I mean, it's something in the building commissioner I are looking at. So we have draft language. We've been going back and forth a little bit, but that is something we'd like to add as well as defining a structure to include, like I said, a drainage or other engineered engineering solutions. So what we're seeing, right, are, I mean, it kind of captures a now, we just want to clarify, right? If someone puts in an overflow structure that's concrete and fiberglass, that actually is a structure. And so the way the structure is defined in the bylaw, it kind of, it says a bunch of things, but we want to just call out a few others just so that it's also to help an applicant know so that they're not interpreting, you know, what is an artifact and edifice or, you know, whatever words we're using, right? It's clear that these things are considered structure. So it's not just like a, we have a pretty blanket statement. And so we just wanted to add some phrases to that definition. Okay. Checking. Do we have any other old business or new business needs to come up? I don't think so. I did reach out because Bruce is remaining on the commission, but, you know, he's here, but maybe he wouldn't be at some point in the, so I've reached out to the Western mass society of architects or I forget their acronym or what they're called, but they will put it in a newsletter, which may have gone out recently asking if there was anyone from Amherst who would want to be interested in this commission. And so typically we have to seek a registered or a licensed architect. And then if that doesn't work, we could bring someone else on, but, you know, Bruce is remaining on the commission, even though his terms expired, the bylaw says that and it's allowed, but, you know, if we had someone who was, could take Bruce's place, I think he's mentioned before that he would step off. And so we're trying to, you know, we're initiating that search, it becomes difficult when someone's practicing and they live in town and then there's a lot of times where they might have to accuse themselves or not be involved in review. And so it just, it's actually difficult to find someone that meets the criteria. I've reached out to four, I've interviewed four different architects in preparation and at first they're interested and then, you know, you know, the people that they're going up again for the people they want to be hired on. So it's really hard. Yes. He lost without Bruce. I don't know if you don't have any willingness, you don't want to, I totally understand, but you don't want to do it anymore. I mean, if you could get another term. Oh, I'm willing. I just think that there ought to be turnover on committees a little bit at least.  Your expertise has been really useful on this committee, Bruce. So thank you for continuing to serve. I agree with that. Yeah, I know we'd be lost without you. Well, that's nice to hear, but I'm good for the moment. Good. Do we have a motion to adjourn? Yes, I usually initiate that by clicking the leave button. So Hilda's raised her hand. Oh, really? Just now, Hilda, you can unmute yourself. Well, mostly public comment, I gather. And I have a comment that's not exactly what you want to hear, but I have a terrible time writing up accurately what happens at these meetings. So this one went by slowly and I could get lots of pictures. But I've gone online for Starkel Commission last week and this one this week and there have been no packets posted. And obviously you people had all the information. So there is a packet. How are we going to solve this problem if the press gets accurate information from you guys? So my screen's shared. Is that visible for everyone? Yes. Yeah, so the packet gets posted. You have to, if you go to the commission. That's there. Yeah, you send the link and then you go here. I know. And there was nothing. I didn't get to go down to 9.21. That's the last one. Yes, I had the same problem, Hilda. Yeah, I had the same problem. It was down at the top. Yeah, it was at the top. Yeah, I couldn't find it. Oh. It was hard for me. It took me a while to figure that out. Yes, I couldn't play our software. Web software works. You can't. I couldn't figure out a way to put it down at the bottom. It goes through because everybody else does. So then you can find it. Yeah, it's crazy. I know it's. They really ought to understand nesting. But I will, you know, I mean, last week's meeting went by so fast, I couldn't get any pictures that were any good. That's the historical commission. Had that one been posted? It was there. I'll have to look more carefully. But I will. Yeah, I just showing, please excuse it. But you got you. Yeah, I want to, I was going to email Athena because the council might post it differently so that you don't have to, you know, the way most committees work, you have to go to the document center and you have to click through all the folders to get to the meeting folder. So even if there was a link sent, it only brings you to the generic one. You have to go down to 2023 and then the date and everything. Yeah, you go right to the meeting itself and then we could post it on like on the commission's website or something. But I know we try that with the planning board and it didn't work. And so, you know, I don't know if it's the software we use or. But I'll look into it because I do think it would also be easier for the members. The problem with the planning board, I don't know whether it's fixed or not. All the documents are in one big long thing. So you can't easily get to what you're looking for. But I don't know if that's still true. Well, I gotta go. So I will, I will leave now. Okay. My brain just can't keep up with technology. I think we've had a motion to adjourn. So I'll look at that, though, just to see if there's a way it can be posted differently. But it might be a limit of what our sort of software does. Yeah, you don't send it separately to each person. They go to the website to find it. I'll say that the packets posted and I send them a link to that generic and click through it themselves. So the link you send today, Hilda, to Chris and I, that's just the one I send out to the commission and they have to click through it themselves. I don't, there's no other way to get there. There's usually a link from the town calendar that brings you to the website where you can click most recent packets or whatever. Yeah, so I'll look into that to see if there's a different way we can post it. Okay, are we ready to adjourn? Steve? Yes. Nicole? Betty? Yes. Karin? Yes. Yes. All right. The meeting is adjourned. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you all. Bye-bye. Thank you. Bye-bye.


Merry Christmas Just wanted to wish you guys all a Merry Christmas. Hope you're having a fantastic day with your friends and family Family comes first. I know some of you guys don't have family So I wanted to let you know that you are our family here rich TV live the rich TV live community We are a family here. So Merry Christmas to everybody out there have a special day Hug kiss hold your loved ones your friends your family just spend time with people that you care about Or spend some time alone if that's what you want, you know make you know Christmas is a special time happy holidays brother and I just wanted to reach out and wish everybody a Merry Christmas a happy new year I know 2018 has been crazy a lot of highs a lot of lows 2019 is gonna be your year 2019 is gonna be our year. We're going all the way up. I promise you and It's because of you the people because you guys deserve freedom and we're gonna get that freedom Because as a unit, I haven't found this today. Okay in our what's that group? People are still dropping pics. It's Christmas and people are still dropping pics. It's crazy, man. So I Know that we can't fail when we have people that are dropping pics on Christmas Day Markets aren't open. It's Christmas Day and in our what's that group people are dropping pics So, yeah, so I just really wanted to just wish everybody a Merry Christmas a prosperous and powerful 2019 and beyond and I promise you we have some huge things in store for you in 2019 and As long as you're positive and as long as Positive people in 2009 will have positive results 2018 might not have given you what you wanted, but 2019 might be the year that you've been waiting for this might be your year so Be positive work hard Do the right things and anything is possible. I promise you guys that for least Navidad Oscar Yeah, man. I love you guys, man without you guys none of this is possible, man We're just one big family man And from my family to yours I just want to wish you guys a Merry Christmas Happy New Year. Hope you have a blessed holidays and I wish everybody Even the trolls and the haters. I wish you guys a prosperous 2019 Merry Christmas from Florida Hey guys, maybe you guys can drop where you are in the world Merry Christmas from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. This is your boy rich from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Wish you guys all a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year Ecuador Wow Toronto Rhode Island Florida I Love this. I love seeing this people from all over the world sharing positive vibes Familia. Yes, we are family. It's true. And so like I said You might not have family and you might not be with anybody today, but we're your family So they're rich TV live family. We're always open here with open arms And we're welcome to take you in and provide a family environment for you the people because you guys deserve that Florida Greg. What's up, brother? I love you too, man. So have a great day guys. Have a blessed day I wasn't even gonna do any videos I'm about to go to Christmas dinner, but I was in a good mood and I said, you know what? Why not just go wish the people a Merry Christmas? right Why not wish the people a Merry Christmas? So yeah, man Love you guys. Merry Christmas. Happy New Year's. Have an awesome day. Eat a lot of turkey. Eat a lot of candy Drink a lot of great drinks Smoke them if you got them. Have fun. Be responsible. Don't drink and drive.  Okay, just have fun make money Enjoy the finer things in life. You won't you don't want me to go I'm actually just watching Houston, okay, see right now If you guys want to watch a little bit, I don't want this stream to get cut off For copyright, but yeah, I'm watching a little bit of that. That's what I'm doing right now All right guys, I love you guys Have a blessed day your boys out