Let us see magnetism ok. Magnetism if you have this is I guess chapter 4, chapter 4 right, chapter 4 for your syllabus magnetism ok. We will not finish the magnetism all of it today. So, magnet you are familiar way ok. I will give you some very simple very simple pictorial representation. Magnet is basically magnet is everywhere ok. How it is? It is really up to the universe also it is what all we see is magnet ok. What is magnet? Anything I think the simple definition is or how the magnet is created? Anything that has a rotation moment or some rotational behavior it can create some field around it. See electron, proton, neutron every object that can rotate can create some sort of field that is what I will come into. I think magnet is everywhere you can trace back to the origin of life ok. Now, what is next? You can basically from universe to your atom level if you go all of them are having some sort of spinning behavior ok. Two types of spinning are possible. One is as you know one is rotating around it is own axis and another is orbital rotating rotating that is how the sun rotates that is how the earth rotates that is how the moon rotate you sorry. So, it rotates around it is own axis that is the spinning spin component it rotates around the orbital that is the orbital component and the total these are two vectors basically you do the vector addition you get the net magnetic moment ok. We will come to that that is what is this chapter about, but to speak you very clearly the unpaired electrons are the one which causes most of the magnetic I mean which induces the magnetic properties into the molecule. So, not only the bigger thing like earth sun moon we see the magnetic behavior due to their you know spinning behavior or rotating behavior the as small as the molecule even you can go further in as I think we are trying to discuss the complex. Complex means metal complex metal ligand is there metal d orbitals are there those d orbital electrons are the one which are essentially giving us the magnetic behavior in different application what we are using nowadays different whatever electronic devices even for our you know this ATM card to wherever you see that anything is has to do with the unpaired electron those are coming from the metal complexes ok let us let me get into. So, we will discuss the magnetism of the metal complexes and then get into the lanthanide actinides or lanthanide specifically and then stop ok. So, I think we I was discussing moment ago paired and unpaired electron pairs unpaired electron pairs are the one which will be giving this magnetic behavior because paired electrons will be cancelling out each other. Spinning of electron as you can see spinning of electron and this is the pairing of electron. So, spinning the un what is that called I mean unpaired electron will be giving you the magnetic behavior paired electron will cancel each other out ok. Now, can you see this behavior can you just from simple experiment can you determine the magnetic behavior of a any compound such as oxygen nitrogen. Oxygen is a gas nitrogen is a gas are they paramagnetic or diamagnetic sorry yes how will you do this experiment simply what you usually do you cool it down. If you take even nitrogen gas liquid nitrogen you have heard of liquid nitrogen big tank goes on and you know funny lot of funny experiments can be done. If you liquefy the nitrogen gas it becomes liquid nitrogen. Now, that liquid nitrogen we want to see whether that nitrogen is going to be diamagnetic or paramagnetic simply if you take a magnet this is a magnet ok it is a big magnet and you pour liquid nitrogen through it you will see that I mean magnet opposite direction should attract each other you will see there is no attraction. So, this is what a simple experiment can tell you that liquid nitrogen is going to be diamagnetic in nature. Same thing you do with oxygen as you are correctly saying that it is paramagnetic you can do the experiment you see it is sticking to the magnet that is the simplest one of the experiment you can do which can show you what the molecule is made of. Oxygen nitrogen it is amazing actually if you think very simply, but do not try to liquefy oxygen it can be bad ok do not do this it is it could be a lot of bad things can happen afterwards if you do not know how to handle it ok right. Of course, there are lot of other things you see magnetic levitation like suspension you see the magic PC Sarkar or whoever big magician you know of see they are showing sometime you see this movie a one of the Hollywood movie what was that prestige I like that ok. See the large sometime body is floating right you know that of course, if you look at the movie if you go to the movie a theatre or in a of course, you can watch today tonight if you want there is some science behind it. So, you can make some object as big as like someone like us a human being float in air sometime that also of course, can give you the thought sometime in the ancient history Indian history we see that people are walking on the water I do not I mean I do not know whether other supernatural things are there or some extra thing are there, but something like this you can explain perhaps scientifically as well that there is opportunity for science to contribute I do not know you know I do not want to cut into some sort of controversy here. So, something can be floated you can float something like I think movie is not working even you know what is this fruit strawberry yeah I would I love it. So, strawberry can be floated right well of course, this is interesting a magnet right otherwise I think magneto chemistry if you are to discuss you have to understand electron spin see this is little bit physics in there I will try to skip it because you have studied it already it is one we will show you the equations. So, an electron has two intrinsic spin state which are preferred refer as up and down or alpha and beta spin alpha and beta spin electron orbital motion is nothing, but what you see in the universe you know center is nucleus and electron is spinning ok. Now, nuclear spin of course, some nucleus are also having spin you just read it becomes little bit boring to teach because you know it ok. Now, magnetism this is an equation what we are trying to say we have a magnetic field you put an object into the magnetic field a molecule d orbital containing d orbital or any non magnetic molecule whatever net effect it could be a non magnetic any molecule you can put any object you put this one ok. The net magnetic behavior or magnetic you are going to get is the magnetic field plus whatever it can induce on it the magnetic field can induce some magnetic behavior inside it or in it. So, this is what the equation is the magnetic field what gets generated or total magnetic field you get is equal to the applied magnetic field H and the intensity of magnetization how much magnetization it is going to have or how much hypnotized or magnetized it is going to get that is the total total magnetic field within the substance. What is the field not only the field you create what is the material made of that makes a difference the type of material you have that makes a difference ok. All of you are in IIT they are all of you are attending the same class some of you will be million year trillion year and you will give me some money I will be very happy right. Donate profusely when you are donating give back to IIT ok really I mean we need money lot of money all of lot of you will be having I am sure startup company some of them will be bought out by some established company you will be filled there is you have no idea what to do afterwards just think about me ok for a moment ok wherever you are just think about me when you make money otherwise do not think real how we cannot help. So, all right I think this is simple physics you know what to do with it you have studied it before in 12 standard you study it again ok. Now, what are the things we are interested in for this class we are interested in few parameters like you know B by H ok and this kappa value right. So, that is I will I will go to the another equation. So, the susceptibility and the magnetic moment ok this susceptibility is related to magnetic moment and these are the two terms we are interested in ok remember we will be discussing again in the next class. So, you study little bit if you have any queries I can come back and discuss again. Now, susceptibility molar susceptibility you molar how do you get molar susceptibility divided by divided by total mole right or average number. Now, from there on you get the molar susceptibility and mu these two are related like that and you get a equation to calculate magnetic moment how it equate with the magnetic susceptibility. Now, all we need to care sorry we are coming back again all we need to care for this course we are mainly trying to see the metal complexes with unpaired electrons D electrons right. So, number of unpaired electrons is going to matter to us because the unpaired electrons are the one which are going to give you the magnetic moment ok. Of course, we need to worry about how is spin and low spin because that will also determine indirectly what is going to be the number of unpaired electrons and from there we can of course, try to see the spectral behavior and structure of the complex.  The experimentally major magnetic moment and of course, the equation I was talking can provide some important information about the compound themselves. So, what we do we have a compound we try to measure the magnetic moment and we have an equation from where we can calculate the magnetic moment. Now, we try to see the difference between the two and try to explain what is the reason if experimental values are different ok. Let me get into it will be little bit clearer. So, as I was saying the source of magnetism in the molecule is going to be your unpaired electron that is all. Now, the unpaired electron can have two sorts of or two sources of creating magnetism. One is spinning around its own axis just and another is while spinning around its own axis it is also rotating on the along the orbital right. So, two components the M L or L component angular sorry orbital component for which it is rotating around the orbital and the other component is the spin spinning around its own axis or along its own axis. Two components, but the D orbitals are the one which are getting affected mostly by the ligand metal D orbitals are getting affected by the ligands. So, the ligand will not allow too much to spin around its orbital. So, the L component mu orbital component will be usually minimized let us say 0. The metal electrons will only be able to give you spin only when spinning they are spinning they are not able to freely rotate around its orbital because ligand electrons are overlapping and ligand electrons are restricting them. So, essentially what you need to understand is the magnetic or mu total is ending up to be what spin only value, but in reality you have to have the spin only value and the mu orbital value coupled together or you it is a vector addition you can do and that is what the mu total is going to be. In reality it is going to be the mu spin only value clear. Two components are there one component will be marginalized of course, I am not saying it is 0 ok. It has we will come back that is what we will be seeing the orbital contribution and there is usually one or two questions are asked from orbital contribution which is little bit exciting, but usually speaking two components are there one is nullified another is left that is the spin only ok. Now, what is the equation over here? This is the mu L plus S both orbital and spin this is the equation this is the correct equation this is the incorrect or partially true equation, but this is the one which we do care. What is the correct equation? It has total number of unpaired electron and those L values you have to know all of them this is the theoretically calculated value ok. Now, in reality this is the spin only formula where you get rid of the L value. It is root over 1 by root over sorry root over this spin component and L component right, but if you get rid of that component it becomes 4 S into S plus 1 root of that right. If you get rid of that component orbital component. Now, S is nothing, but number of unpaired electron you are having ok. So, S equals total S equals number of unpaired electron divide by 2 or you can convert this equation by putting the number of unpaired electron it becomes n into n plus 2 n times n plus 2 root of that simple that is what you need to remember I think you have studied it before ok n multiplied by n plus 2 the root of that ok. So, if you have 1 unpaired electron you know 1 multiplied by 1 plus 2 root of 3 1.73 2 unpaired electron 2 plus 2 multiplied by 2 root of 8 2.83. So, 1 is the total number of unpaired electron there is a easy way to remember it 1 1.73 2 2.83.  Now, this is the spin only formula now we need to really get to see now whether the spin only formula is valid always what we get experimentally when it deviates how it deviates ok that is what we are going to discuss these are for the purist ok. Now, we will we will discuss when we are going to get something like called orbital contribution. What is orbital contribution? Orbital contribution is nothing, but orbital contribution right. So, what is it? Orbital contribution. So, in addition to spin only values if there is some rotation around the orbit specifically it comes when you have again again orbitals which are unsymmetrically filled like T 2 G 4. So, there is some sort of transition from one orbital to other. So, there is some transition when you can write down multiple electronic configuration T 2 G 4 it could be d x y 2 d y z 1 d x z 1 or other way around also you can among the 3 degenerate orbitals you can write down differently right. So, this is when the orbital contribution comes because since the electrons can be you know delocalized or can be placed in different orbital and thereby you have the possibility of promoting some of the orbital you know some sort of movement or some sort of magnetic movement can be generated due to these you can say the transition due to this due to this mobilization of electron from one orbital to another d x y to d y z to d x z, but can you do that that is what the question. So, that is what we want to see can we interconvert d x y into d y z or d x 2 y 2 into d y z that is. So, the orbital contribution is nothing, but spin only value plus something extra you get. Usually speaking spin only value should be good enough and our calculated number of a unpaired electron should give us the exact value the experiment is going to give us. Often what we see that experimental value are little bit more than number of unpaired electron calculation. How do you calculate number of unpaired electron that is by your crystal field theory. How many unpaired electrons are there T 2 G E G calculation you do. So, number of unpaired electron calculation should give you a very close idea what is going to be your magnetic movement that is your theoretical calculation. Correct theoretical calculation should include the L plus S orbital movement also, but orbital movement calculation is or that much value we do not get the value what experimentally we get is usually close to the spin only value, but on top of that spin only value itself is not going to be sufficient some or very little amount of orbital momentum value comes when it comes this is the scenario we are going to discuss. So, I will just briefly I think little bit confusing maybe I have made it. So, there is always L plus S contribution, but I am trying to say you just minimize it to S, but in reality S plus let us say delta L very little contribution from L. When this comes usually you get you see your experimental data and theoretically predicted data are same. Some cases you have to worry about the orbital angular momentum, when you have to worry about orbital angular momentum. When you can convert one orbital to another thereby you have the possibility of distributing the electron in different different ways then only you can do that ok. Now, the degenerate T 2 g orbital d x y d x z d y z can be interconverted as it is shown in here. You just rotate little bit you can interconvert right. First an electron in a T 2 g orbital can contribute to orbital angular momentum, but what happened to E g. So, this is the transition from d x z to d z x to d y z.   Now, if you look at E g orbital E g orbital you have d z square and d x 2 y 2 any amount of rotation is it going to give you the interconversion. No, so E g orbital cannot give you the you know the cannot contribute for your orbital contribution right. Now, E g orbital cannot contribute to orbital angular momentum. So, but there is a way to convert the E g into T 2 g how it is d x 2 y 2 or d x y can be converted to d x 2 y 2 and vice versa right. So, there is some way to do that and then you know that d x d x once you get d x y d y can be converted into d y z d x z. So, these are kind of interconvertible. So, what is not interconvertible orbital wise. So, d y d d z square to anything else you cannot do, but 4 of them can rest 4 of them can be interconverted. Now, orbital contribution to the magnetic moment once again magnetic moment is spin plus orbital contribution should be there orbital contribution is usually 0 orbital contribution can come when it is something like this ok. T 2 g electron arrangement right think of possible T 2 g electron arrangement it can be d 1 d 1 can be organized as shown d x z d y z and d x y. Possible T 2 g arrangement is 3 different ways you can put the electrons there by orbital contribution is yes d 1 in titanium 3 plus. So, if you calculate the total magnetic moment for these one electron should give you what 1.73 it will be little bit more than that let us say experimentally found value is 1.83 instead of 1.73. Why it is that because it is coming from here? Because see if it is fixed on an orbital, if it is fixed in this orbital maybe your of course, your ligand electrons and these ligand orbital overlap with the d orbitals will be I mean restricting the rotation. Since if there is multiple orientation possible then that can cause see anything that is allowed to rotate allowed to spin allowed to rotate will give you the some magnetic moment value. You are able to rotate among these orbitals d orbital that should allow you some sort of magnetic moment value ok. I think I should give a better explanation ok I will have to look at that, but that is I think the moment you are freezing something you are not going to get it. If d orbital if this d orbital is going to overlap with the ligand d orbital ok, then complete overlap means you are going to restrict the orbital motion. The moment you are giving its multiple possibilities then you are allowing some what to rotate around the orbital and thereby some contribution is coming. You are not allowing a free rotation thereby the component will not be huge, but since it can interconvert between or among all these orbitals it gives you some possibility to give some contribution for the magnetic moment. I think that makes some sense if it is not 100 percent clear I will try to look at more ok. I will come back to the magnetism in the next class as well. Now, in the d 2 orbital as you see 3 again once again 30 different ways the electron can be distributed and therefore, this degrees of freedom as you can see or as you can tell degrees of freedom should give some sort of you know magnetic moment value and that is where you can get the orbital contribution, orbital contribution so, the experimental value once again will be little bit more than what we see for the 2 unpaired electron ok. So, the spin only plus some value should be there I think it is not readable from there, but it should be in the slide. So, orbital angular momentum that orbital motion we are able to see in these cases look at it I will stop it in here from here on I will discuss in the next class.


How's it going? I'm just going to jump right into it. So my name is Omar Bensadan. I'm a senior product manager at VMware Tanzu. My Twitter handle is there, in case you like some of the stuff I'm talking about and are interested in finding out more about this sort of thing, I tweet about this sort of thing all the time. My job is entirely focused on open source software. I don't know a lot of other product managers who work in this space, like, primarily. And so that's kind of what I do on a daily basis. I worry about open source from a product manager's perspective. And I work on a product called Knative, which some of you in the infrastructure space may have heard of. And throughout this talk, I'm basically going to talk to you about kind of a case study of what Knative did over the course of six months, six to nine months, to basically completely revamp our getting started experience, and we improved satisfaction with that experience by two-fold over the course of three months. And we'll go over some of those metrics as well. But just to start off, I work primarily on Knative as a product lead in a working group called the Documentation and User Experience Working Group. Knative is creating a standard serverless layer on top of Kubernetes, and it's quite a technically complex product. It's literally like a buzzword stack on top of a buzzword, and that means that it's really non-trivial technically, right, like we're sort of at the edge of an edge. And when I joined a year ago, the getting started experience was really complex. It was not very opinionated. It didn't give you a lot of like guidance. It just sort of threw you a bunch of YAML files and hope that you figured it out. And I would argue that if Knative, which is a buzzword stack on a buzzword, can have a pleasant getting started experience, right, given the monstrosity that local Kubernetes installation is, almost any project can. We're often told with technically complex products, usually by senior engineers and especially by on-infra products, that they're just incompatible with simple getting started guides. Users or operators, right, like these are people who are very technically savvy and they want things sort of thrown at them, right, just a bunch of code thrown at them. And I'm going to argue today, basically, that we need to separate these two types of people. We need to talk about prototyping installation. We have talked about production installation. Those two things are not the same thing, and they don't serve the same purpose. And so what we're going to walk through today is this agenda. You'll see it on the screen a couple of times. I'm going to walk through basically five parts of this presentation. Not going to run you through it. You can read, but you're going to see this a couple of times and we'll kind of dive deep on each one and we'll start with why you should care. So I want to talk about the goal of your open source project and how getting started guide might relate to that, why you should listen to what I have to say about it specifically, right, like what makes me a person to tell you about this, and then I have some good news and bad news for you. So there's a lot of open source software out there, right, as you may or may not be familiar with, being that you're at an open source summit. And the most limited valuable resource there is, is developer attention, right. Most of times people are coming to your open source software project. They're not just like seeing it in a vacuum. They're comparing it to other open source software projects. They're comparing it to managed products, right. And so that means that getting people involved and getting people to understand what your project does really quickly means you get more developer mind share. If developers come in and they can in 15, 20 minutes understand what your project does in a way that's hands on, maybe they don't leverage, maybe they don't pick it up today, but the next time they're in a meeting and there's a, there's a business problem that your project can solve, all of a sudden they remember, oh, I did that getting started guide on that one website. We should maybe check this out. So when is it important to have a good up and running experience? I'm not someone who's like a getting started maximalist. I don't think every project needs to have this sort of thing. But there are a couple of kinds of projects that definitely benefit from it when you want to grow a base of users or contributors. I mean, who doesn't? It's really important to have this kind of getting started experience, right, especially with open core business models, like the idea of like you have like sort of open source software and then like you build stuff on top of that open source software, which the guy here in the red fedora definitely knows about. And it's extremely common in infrastructure. It's very common. And if you want to grow a contributor base, getting people to understand your sort of nurturing your user to contribute or funnel is really important. So getting users, the more users you get in the door, the more contributors you maybe get at the end of that funnel. If you want to grow a base of vendors, right, this is something that's like really common nowadays. It's like companies make these big bets on open source software and they say, okay, we want to create this platform for platforms and we want vendors to come in and plug in around the edges. And we want other sort of vendors to come in and create software on top of these platforms and getting people to understand the sort of to borrow from Jeff Bezos. The undifferentiated heavy lifting that your product does is super important right off the bat. Like getting those people to get like a bit of a twinkle in their eyes is important. So when is it not in the very early stages of the development of your product? Don't bother. It's fine. You don't need to do it. In fact, it's probably a distraction because the product is going to change from under you.  So only if you want more engagement, should you try to do these things? Okay. So why should you listen to what I own? We're been sit on specifically have to say about this. So here's some, some background. I'm the product lead for K native, which is has like a slack community with like 4,000. We have like a production serverless platform on top of Kubernetes soon, there's going to be a case study on our site that shows that like, you know, it's processing 6,000 transactions per second, right? In some instances, and it is the leading installable serverless platform on Kubernetes full stop. I authored or getting started guide myself after interviewing 20 plus users about their experience getting started. And I'm not a designer or a technical writer. Like I, this is not something that I like have been trained to do, right? I haven't been doing this for years, like writing documentation. So if I can do it, you can do it. And the results kind of speak for themselves. When we first started interviewing users about the kind of serving, getting started experience, they rated their experience of like a 3.3 out of five. We brought that up to a 4.8 out of five, right? And these, by the way, because I just watched a presentation on data and how to contextualize it. It's like seven or eight in each of these groupings, seven or eight people. And for the event and getting started, it went from a two out of five to a 4.5 out of five. Right? It's still not perfect, but it's a lot better than it was engagement on the K native site is up 10% since we made this, this getting started guide, right? And users who go through the getting started guide are two times more engaged than the average user on the site, right? And this shows up in the analytics. It was so awesome to, to see that happen. That's all great, right? Like that sounds awesome. Like we all want that for our projects. And the good news is if you do some of the stuff that I talk about, to some degree, it'll work. Like it's, it's a tried and true method of making good software, talking to people about the software, right? Like this isn't a surprise to anyone. The bad news here is that it's work. It does take quite a lot of resources. And the truth is it required a PM working almost full time on this over the course of like three months, right? You might not get to, to sort of creating these like massive getting started guides. And you might not have the, your product might not be technical enough to even warrant this much time on it. But there are very tangible things that you can do for your project that don't require as much commitment, right? And can yield you better outcomes. And so how I'm going to frame this basically is I'm going to talk to you about what you can do and then I'm going to show you an example of what Knative did as an example, right? So it's going to be a case study and then framed around that case study is like the action that you should take in order to, to, you know, achieve those outcomes. Cool. So let's start with up and running. The question is basically do you provide an easy opinionated local installation of your software? So this is a great way to test this. Get a fresh machine and see how quickly you can access the software that you produce, like go to your site and try to like actually use your software. How can you get it up and running as quickly as possible, right? You don't need to give users all the levers and knobs right away, right? We need to be separating production and prototyping use cases because how people assume people adopt software is they come to your site ready to adopt it. That's kind of the vibe I get from a lot of infrastructure software. It's like, here's how to deploy it in, in, in Amazon, in, in Azure, in Google, like here's how you do it. And if you want to do it on bare metal, you know, it's like all this, it's like, actually, I just want to know what you do and why I should adopt you to begin with, right? That's, that's kind of the point. So we have to separate those two use cases because definitely important to teach you about how to install you in production, but you might want to show off what it is you do well before that happens. The gold standard for this is a one line install. You show up, you bang something into the terminal, all of a sudden you've got the software, right?  But most of the time in user tests, probably like 20 percent of developers actually checked what was there. I think that because we were in a user test, they probably trusted that, like, we wouldn't be like, ah, gotcha and then hang up. So yeah, that works too. And it's also OK to be opinionated about your prototyping installation. Like, it's fine to make opinions. OK, you've got a hundred different networking layers to support. Fine. Just pick one for people, right? Like, they don't need to be making those trade-offs. And we'll talk about what that looks like for Knative as well. So take action, right? The thing you can do here is try to understand what your current install flow looks like. What are you assuming about your users that are coming to your site? Are you assuming that they're installing it for a production installation? Or are you assuming that they are using it for prototyping? How easy is it to install for prototyping? Basically, it boils down to, are you making your users jump through hoops? Or are you jumping through hoops for your users? Right? Are you making your users come and figure out how to put together a prototyping installation? Or are you figuring all that out, bundling it in a batch script and putting it on the site? Knative is built on Kubernetes, which is the granddaddy of complicated installations, right? Like, it works everywhere, but it's like very complex. And locally, it's very complex. So we had this challenge where it's like, how do we provide a good prototyping experience to a thing that runs on lots of different platforms, right? Like, and is is different in all these platforms. This is what it used to look like. Basically, we used to say, OK, have access to any Kubernetes cluster. This is, by the way, not Knative inventing. This is just Knative in general. Install Knative serving CRDs. Pick and install a networking layer from the five we offer. We don't give you any opinions on which pick and install DNS from the five we offer. We don't give you any opinions on which still inventing CRDs. Anyway, you have to make all these opinions, right? Like you have to have an opinion on what networking layer you want or what DNS you want or all this random stuff. And so this is our MVP. We were like, OK, let's like package this into a script. Like we know we like this, this and this works for prototyping. Let's make that a curl to bash. And that we got a lot of great responses on. But the one response we got was, I don't like curling things to bash. It makes me wary. And so we made a CLI plugin, basically, right? We have the KNCLI, you just install that. And now it looks like this. Right?  And all you do is basically you install this package. You do KN Quickstart kind. You get this. Right? And like this is something that like if you see this in a terminal and a developer, like you're like, whoa, that's pretty cool. Like there's emojis in there.  So, yeah, and that and that like basically made it so that our getting started guide before was like, I don't know, a completion rate of like 3%. I'm like kind of imagining that because there wasn't really a good flow for it. Now if you hit our homepage, there's a 10% chance you download this and finish the guide, finish the guide, which is kind of insane, right? Like for web 10% is a lot. OK, so you got your up and running. You've got a way for your users to prototype with your software. Fantastic. How are you going to bring your killer features to the forefront? And in Knative we call this superpowers. Basically, what are your products features that are most likely to delight users? And what are your projects products killer features? As a product manager, when I got into the community, I was like, OK, what do we do better than anyone else? Right? Like what are the killer features of this project? Like why is this the leading installable serverless platform? And even if you're not the leading installable serverless platform, you just ask yourself like, what are the features that make us really happy? Right? And you're and because we're talking about developers here, you're probably going to there's probably going to be a diagram. And then how can you get users to an aha moment as quickly as possible? So an aha moment is basically a moment where the user understands your product and also is starting to think about other things your product could do for them. Like so they and this will become clear in the next example. So I'm going to save it also because time. So the thing you can take action on is just make a list of your killer features in no particular order.  Right? That's the sort of list you want to make. So for kind of serving, these killer features are dead simple services, right? You can take a container, put it on Kubernetes, you have to deal with like the four or five different, you know, artifacts that you have to understand to do it, right? You just put a container in the terminal into the CLI and boom, you've got a service that scales to zero and you can do traffic splitting really easily. So you can launch one version of the service and another version of the service and like you can in a CLI command split traffic between those two things, right? So let's take a look at scale to zero's aha moment, right? Let's like like the aha moment we discovered was watching the pods actually scale up and down, right?  It's a very standard thing. But then we tell you, OK, pull up in a separate terminal, watch the pods, just watch them, right? And we say like if you wait a little while, you'll watch these pods spin down automatically. And that feels like magic, right? Because it's like I didn't touch the thing. Like I didn't do anything to have that happen. And it automatically like deprovision the resources that I have. And so this is the kind of thing you want to be you want to be asking yourself, right? Like once you have your killer feature, how do you showcase that feature? Like how can you show people how cool your software is? And usually the answer to that is the stuff that you think is cool. But like most of the time it is. OK, using progressive disclosure, this is really important, right? Deciding which features go where, you know, you've got your list of killer features. You maybe even have like thought about some aha moments, right? Now, how do I organize this into a comprehensive guide? Like I know these things are cool, but but what do I do to get people to understand how cool they are? So it's a bit more of an art than a science, but it's a bit of a science, too. Basically, progressive disclosure is the concept that you should be walking through concepts or functionalities that are increasing in complexity, right? And this is very, very similar to the sales technique of like foot in the door. If you agree to a small request, it increases the likelihood of you agreeing to a second larger requests, right? That salesman uses all the time. Door-to-door salesman comes to your door, knock, knock, it's hot out. You have some lemonade, would you like to buy a vacuum, right? It's it's it's very, you know, it happens really quickly like that. And then think of your getting started guide in the context of a user journey and be opinionated about that journey, right? Where do you want users to go? What do you want them to discover? And in what order do you want them to discover it?  And you can take action on this. So once you get your killer features, lay them out in order you feel would be good, right? Like, this I think makes sense to me. And I think I'm progressively disclosing like in a mountain complexity. For Knative, it looks like this. We said, OK, we know that deploying a service is like the simplest thing we can do for people. You just deploy a service, right? OK, watch it scale up and down. Now now people understand auto scaling, right? Make a change to your service. So now we understand that we can make a change to our service and that that changes stored in the system as a revision, right? And the next thing we teach you is split traffic between different revisions. I've basically been able to show you that this thing auto scales stores your changes and you can split traffic between them over the course of a couple of steps. But if I had done it in a different order, that wouldn't that wouldn't have been as clear, right? OK, so you guys are seeing this and you're like, whoa, this is like really great. Good, Omar, you're doing a great job. Like this looks seems like you'd be a really smooth experience for people. But I still don't really understand how you get to that. Like it feels like there's like, you know, I don't have a product manager in three months. Luckily, there there is a life hack for this. It's just talk to people. That's it. And I know it sounds really daunting, but it is the most fun you will ever have with your software. And I'm not kidding, like watching people use the software that you build is both thrilling and terrifying in like such a guttural way. It's like awesome. So I'm going to talk to you a little bit about like how you're how you're going to do that. I want to like full stop user feedback is king. Full stop like getting getting users feedback on your software is one of the only things that makes your software more valuable. It's just true. Sometimes there's like a guy in the back of a lab who builds like something incredible and changes the market or whatever. But I would assume you're not that guy just just because like there are very few of them. And and I can't even think of one even standing here now. But you can get by without it. If you do some of the stuff that I talked about up until this point, you're probably going to be better off. And if you didn't, but I really insist that you try to talk to users. So making your first prototype, you don't have to build the website. You know, once you have all this stuff together, you don't have to go out and build your documentation site around this right. Like spend hours trying to pick a framework or whatever. Right. Just make it anything. Make it a Word doc. Make it a GitHub read me. Make it a PowerPoint. It really doesn't matter. Your prototype could test either your installation that you just tried to make if you had a complicated install before or it could test your showcasing of your killer features, a.k.a. You're getting started guy. Your prototype should be complete enough for someone to follow without your instruction. And this is really important because when you give users something to follow, right, like like you are not going to be on a video chat with the people who visit your site. So you want to be able to see how people are actually going to use the stuff that you build. And then your prototype is just a prototype. Like don't try to nail it on the first try. Feel free to leave errors and typos in there. Like it's going to be fine. Right. Like just let people know it's a prototype and you're testing stuff out. Like try to make this as easy on yourself as possible. There is one thing I will insist you do, though, if you're going to talk to users, you need a user interview script, right. You cannot have a casual conversation with six different people that go that goes a hundred different ways and come out of that with anything but confusion, right. You've got to be able to say X amount of users agree with this statement. And the only way you're going to get there is if you can create a user interview script. And I'll actually provide a template for that at the end. So split your script into distinct sections with distinct goals, right. Great ones to start with are the background, get understanding of who the user is, value proposition, get understanding of why they find your software or your category of software useful, right. Just broadly and then actually test the software, right. And some of the stuff in that value section like will surprise you. You're like, I thought people use my software for X. Turns out they use it for Y, right. And I think that's a really interesting. It's a really interesting to hear what people say about that. You always want to include a background section because it might be able to, you can, you can ask questions that may help you make assumptions about your end user. For example, for our Quick Start, we chose kind. You have to have kind installed to do this Quick Start. And that works for the 80% of users that come to our site that are like Mac users, right. And most people we talk to. But whatever we happened across the Linux user, it wouldn't work for them. And we found out that actually MiniCube works better. But we only knew that because we were asking background questions and we saw like, oh, we've failed with every single Linux user. Maybe kind isn't the best option for them, right. Because it turns out Docker on Linux is kind of screwy. So yeah, it's really important to ask those kinds of background questions. This is really cool too if you, if you have a community to share stuff with as often as possible, try and make your qualitative questions quantitative. Like the really important ones like remember earlier in the slide where I was like we took it from like a 2.4 to a 4.1 or whatever the numbers were like the only reason I was able to do that is because those were the metrics I was chasing. And I'm able to say hey look like we actually made this tangibly better. Using a number scale like allows you to basically make before and after comparisons like did I do better than what was there before. And then also allows you to compare between users. So there are some users who are extremely expressive and it's so funny to do this sometimes because you ask the same question like three people and they respond completely differently. But then they're out of vibrating is the same.  So this is a basic outline. I'm going to give you at the end like like a link to a Google Drive with all this stuff in it so you can like use it. You can sort of treat it as like you're you're getting started with getting started guide. So you can see here like in the background just tell us about what you about yourself and what you do. Have you used our our software for how long value prop what were your motivations for checking out our project. What problems were you trying to solve with the project. Whether tools or software were you looking at to solve those problems right so you can like learn from other competitors in the space. And then did that did our project solve the problems you were hoping it would solve. Right because that could show you like are we marketing this incorrectly like like is the home page saying something that is making people expect something different. And then the user testing it'll depend what you what you make right but the one I would focus on is how would you rate the current getting started experience for one to five and then how would you rate like what you just saw. Right like like you basically ask them to rate what they what they the getting started experience they had experienced right so like how how like how would you rate one to five getting started with our project. You walk through the user test and then you ask them the same question about the user test they just did. Yeah and again all this will be in a Google Drive folder at the end. Okay this is this is actually like non-trivial soliciting users so the great thing about the getting started user testing is that like almost anyone is your end user because you don't have to know anything. So it's really nice you just have to like go to focus on target demographic post messages in Slack communities where your target demo hangs out like CNCF Slack for example is a great one. I mean I was like overwhelmed with people who were like like me me me I don't know what it was it was like a time of posting or something there was like 20 people who like I want I want to like try this really badly that might not happen to you but you should be specific about the kind of users you're looking for and DM people like if you see someone in these communities that like looks like they fit your description just ask people are more than happy like people love getting like like people in CNCF Slack they're new to that Slack love getting like DMs it's like oh cool like I'm part of the community you know what I mean like and you are you sort of are and it's by far the most effective way of sourcing people by far DMing people is like in like 60 to 70% success rate because they feel special they feel like you really want to hear from them and then use verbiage like donating your time say it's the easiest way to contribute because it really is the easiest way to contribute and if possible bribe them so if you have t-shirts it's perfect plus then your logo gets out there so yeah t-shirts are key okay so now that you've got you've got users to interview you have all this stuff you're ready to go what you need to do is make sure that you have some way to record the information that is thrown at you like don't go into into these things and I'm going to go just a little bit over time sorry don't go into these things I think that you're just going to because you probably aren't so it can be a get-up issue like submit a new issue every time you hear something that someone says and then comment on that issue when you hear it again we did it's just the important thing is like make sure you can say we heard this and then we heard that again and like an easy way to basically like move like you know what I'm saying user interviews such tests are structured our structured conversations or treat them like one if someone says something that's not on your script but is really interesting take a sidebar talk to them about it but then go back to the script it's okay to venture off script but treat it like guardrails and then don't bias your participants I actually fail at this all the time make sure to ask open-ended questions not leading ones like just like ask how do you feel about this right not do you feel bad about this this is what we did so like up there you'll see some names of people and there's like sticky notes like as the background information and then all those clusters are like different like like sort of looping so sorry for the people online but like if you see like there's multiple colors in one section these people are saying the same things about that section and they're different people second to last thing listen to all plucking a feather from every passing goose follow no one absolutely it's Chinese proverb it's pretty good like you have to interview like five to six people to really get some good data but two to three can work too and then present your findings to your community we did this in the form of a PowerPoint and that'll be in the Google Drive as well and you can check out that PowerPoint and how we like rally people to like make this change and that's it so this is actually the link to the resources it's a link tree yeah one second it's a link tree there's a link down there there's also the QR code if you have any questions or if you can't get to it I think we're about to get pushed out but if we can't get to it just find me on Twitter you can ask me there or like after the talk thank you to all here's my information


This is stock number AT252A. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, your new and used Jeep headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean 2016 Jeep Patriot high altitude edition. From this HD video you will be able to tell that this Jeep is an extremely nice shape all the way around. Inside and out front bumper is in excellent condition. No denser dings or scuffs on that. It does have factory fog lights, nice clear headlamps, bright white is the color. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p so if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device turn them on out because it's like you're right here looking at the vehicle with me. I didn't see any denser dings down this side of the vehicle. Wheel wells are in excellent shape. The high altitude package gives you the painted and polished aluminum rims, front wheel disc brakes, firestone affinity 21560R17 tires, and these tires have right around half the tread left, maybe just a little bit more. No denser dings on that front fender. That hood is in excellent condition as well. You get the seven slotted grille. Front bumper is absolutely perfect. Passenger side rim, no scuffs or scrapes on that. And as you go down this side of the vehicle you can see just how clean that body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you are close by and just cannot make the trip down you can still see the vehicle, hear the vehicle, and have confidence in what you're looking at before you even get here. The roof is in nice condition and it's nice and clean all the way down this side of the vehicle. This back rim is in nice condition as well. No scuffs or scrapes on that and the back tires have just as much tread as those front tires. As we come around to the back here you can see you get the chrome tipped exhaust. The rear bumper is absolutely perfect, no dense dings or cracks on that. And the rear gate is in really nice condition as well. Back storage area is very clean. You get the split bench seating for the second row and those seats do fold down almost completely flat and this one does have a spare tire. Gate shuts nice and solidly and as we go down this side of the vehicle just as clean as that passenger side. No dense or dings down this side. Very very nice and for full disclosure this back rim is just as nice as the rest. No scuffs or scrapes on that either. You do get the heated mirrors and inside the high altitude package gives you the dark charcoal gray leather interior. You get the power driver seat. There are no rips or tears on those seats. Both of these seats are heated. We have factory floor mats throughout. Power windows, power locks and power mirrors. And as we hop inside the vehicle here you can see that this one has 27,425 miles instrument cluster is nice and clean. It has the leather wrapped steering wheel that is in nice condition. Cruise controls on that side. Information center controls on that side and on top of that it has radio controls on the back of the steering wheel. You get AM, FM and Sirius XM radio capabilities. They're your heated seat and stability control buttons as well as your climate control and this is the CVT transmission automatic shifter. This is a front wheel drive vehicle. Passing seat is very clean as well and the floor mat. No rips or tears on that and you do get the power sunroof in this vehicle. Headliner is nice and clean as well. You get the auto dimming mirror. Take a quick look at the back seats.  One thing I did want to point out is that it does have the 115 volt 150 watt plug-in right there. We'll take a quick look at the back seats. We'll check out under the hood. The back seats are just as clean as the front seats. There are no rips. There are no tears back here. It does have the latch child safety system. The seats are in excellent condition. We have factory floor mats back here as well and to put these seats down you just grab this strap. You can see how nice and flat those go down. Four extra storage and both sides go down like that as well. And not to forget this one does have side curtain airbags in it. I'd like to thank you for checking out the video. Hopefully from this HD video you've been you've been able to tell just how nice and clean this vehicle is so you can make a smart buying decision and hopefully persuades you to come make the trip to our store. Engine base very clean, runs very smooth. This vehicle has been serviced and always has been serviced by our service shop. It has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. The vehicle has been gone through mechanically 100% in our safety inspection and is 100% ready to go. To see more pictures of this Jeep Patriot or one of our other 400 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, you name it we got it go to our website www.SummitAuto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle on our lot videos of every single used vehicle that we have all at Summit Auto.com. Thank you so much for checking out the video. If you want to make this one yours, give us a call right now<PHONE_NUMBER>. Ask for one of our sales associates to make this Jeep Patriot ears today. Once again that number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. Thanks again for checking out the video. If you'd like to check out more you can go to www.youtube.com. Auto. In fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left. A link to more used inventory videos like this one on your right. If you have not been to our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website click those check us out and we really look forward to helping you with this super clean 2016 Jeep Patriot high altitude. Thanks again.


It's spiking because Brandon shut down that pipeline and he banned drilling on public lands. The international scene is affecting it too, but let's not forget gas prices were out of control before the Ukraine call. 100%. It was going in that direction. And you can think about it as sort of a pendulum. If you remember two years ago when these globalists shut down the world economy, gas prices went into the negative. You actually had to pay money to have somebody store your gas for you. It cost you money to store a barrel of gas. I think it went down to negative $20 or something like this. It was a commodity that was a liability at that point. It wasn't an asset to have oil. That's what the numbers meant. Because what it meant was the global economy was being shut down and the need for energy was going to drop. So oil prices, how are you going to process this? Oil coming is a flood of oil. It went negative and then stabilized around a pop-up, pop-up, back up again like a day or two or something like this because it was overdone. The pendulum went this way so far. And then it stabilized. Now it's on its way in the other direction. How far is it going to go in the other direction? The last peak was around $150, $160. We never went negative to get to $160 on the flip side. This time we went negative. So how far is the pendulum going to go to adjust for that insanity? So the first wave went whoop and then whoop. In the late 1990s, early 2000s, oil was around, I believe it was around $11, $12 in the low teens and Iraq war and all this jazz and it kicked up. So think of it as a pendulum. How far are we going to go?


Good morning guys welcome back to another stream. Sorry about missing yesterday again, just Didn't really wake up. I think that's during my life, I guess. Yeah Again, I was like today. Yeah We already had our day to come out She's annoying partly because I want to show it with you guys, but anyway I Saturday hit that 241414 This one coming back down all the way here. You can see that large sort of sell-off But it's just going down to go higher for the most part because again, so the first move was down I mean, he's like that higher. I mean your inflation was these four is just one percent Of a full classes consensus. They wanted a lot. I mean it's point two percent Yeah, I guess so Yeah, I mean it's decently high it's about point two percent. I think more importantly we're waiting on Waiting on what's going in my French the sort of 1111 30 ish He sort of get a sort of clue in terms of if we're gonna go higher or not I think we're sort of chilling now again, you've got 11 11 30 and two o'clock. I don't think today is going to be much of Looking at levels states might just be one of those days where you just look at the time And you say oh what time was it? Oh, yeah, cool. It's time to do the inverse I mean you could already see from the way everything sort of building up here It's super easy sort of say where resistance and where support is you can see the break Here you see that 21 let's just say 21 800 That's where our resistance is so anytime we're sort of coming back into here We sort of think those longs come back in the highest level of longs being here But everything below here is really heavy on this sort of short side. You see this here So the more we collect shorts the better chance we are of having that Be reversed at some point Regardless of the numbers So that's all setups there. Yes, but these This would be high low Nice and easy There we go. I mean very sort of teetering around 50% but you can see this is where it's the place We're looking to sort of break Break from In terms of Tuesday leading and leading this So either looking for and basically stop out here or here In terms of the worst case if we break if we go stop on Again, we got all of this to play with So it's something you want to get consider right now. We're sort of trading around that 50% mark here So it's something that we can make our decisions on here because remember 50% is still an important sort of area We want to look for There we go It's around here. You can see slightly higher, but Sorry, you're looking to climb if it starts climbing up Probably try find itself above here Then you'll see if it stops itself on this resistance or if it continues being super aggressive There you go. Just seeing that by up here. You can see That's where you're looking for potentially stop it at Not much really here man. This is just Nothing to say We're looking for it to potentially head up but looking for that and sort of collapse gain and got our resistance that here You where they added logs the majority of that being sort of look at nations You can see this area be heavy sort of Mental short so it's something that you look for it to be additive if it's not additive them We're not really looking for this level to be it at all We want to see sort of new alongs and turn to this market. I think that's the first thing We want to look for If we're expected this update to go down, I think we sort of wait for Wait for price to sort of find itself above here Is that level to level the clock if we're still like doing this? Maybe then we sort of drop further down and go hit that lower sort of target. You just see that. Did they change it? There we go. I don't think they changed the The Nah, I think there you go. I think they just use the data set I don't think the way they calculate is still the same It's just the way they're using the data to calculate other stuff out outside of Oh So that is is changing Yes, okay. I mean still coming down. There's your support there. Yes much That last sort of Did the inverse of what Bitcoin ended up doing it? Yes. I don't really I'm by this massive spike high and Closing around that resistance. So we'll see if it rejects it Generally that move upwards sort of come up to here. We're looking for it to come up to here one large hit Maybe we see it drop further I think gold ends up being good in this type of environment. Yeah, it looks like they show up through that daily interesting Let's potentially expecting them to hit a high. I'll do something like this We'll see but generally if it's closing below here. We're looking for gold generally to go down But again, if every said everyone's rushing out of Everything else. They're probably rushing into gold at some point So maybe we look for it to go up higher a bit Maybe catch his breath There's that large hit up again Just hitting up into resistance. We want to look for it. We want to wait for our timings We've got our speakers coming in at 11 11 30. That's a really long time from now. So What can happen in between? Now just wait for it to break in there. I think that's just the main thing we do is just see which way it ends up going And I know it's probably hitting up into here and it's just a matter of how fast does it do it? Because remember we have that time 11 11 we mark it out as that. Okay, we've got to expect something here. So 10 to 11, I mean right now. We're just waiting a baited breath. Okay, what ends up happening if we go up We're hidden here. We're gonna end up going down Then if 11 comes and we're already on the motion down Maybe we hit that back up on that motion high and print ourselves something like this If we end up stalling which we want to do We hit it like that and if 11 comes into that if we're going on high again It's just a matter of doing the inverse of whatever price is setting up before the time you're Expecting it to set up So it makes sense that we're going high, but it doesn't make it Make it nice that we're doing it very fast and this early on so You want it to sort of mellow slowly up until 11 and That's the best thing you can probably ask for if you're looking to be in a short But again the numbers weren't too bad, but then again, they don't matter at the end of the day Numbers be damned Generally, we're probably looking for everything to come down regardless of the numbers being bad or good Just because looking at how things have developed you can see that It's just there you go one large spike and you can see how they just instantly fish But the closing rounds here you can see where the volume sites come in Assuming that these are mostly long we're looking for it at least come sites motion downwards and sort of hit out so if everything's sort of willing to drag its feet down or expecting this to sort of Expecting so most of markets to trade down as well with it. I think that makes sense We look at sort of where we are in like These some of these stocks out that we do we were buying up see how just exploded up Hit it up to resistance so we need some we need a breather basically essentially Just need to come in here. Just say, okay, we need to go down for a bit We need we need a reason to sort of trade low That is not really too much to talk about today. It's just You're looking for it to come down Makes sense You're probably waiting on 11 to see if you can grab it into here into a short pull it back down You're looking for New alongs to open up because this is majority short. You're seeing shorts here. So you're expecting Some level of longs to open To at least counteract this sort of bit and here's just sort of inverse this area Again, they mostly about balance out Mostly and exactly it's just they won't they'll probably greed for more essentially and we talked about how levels when they sort of When price shifts away and you get this sort of static level appear We can usually use that as a reference point to hit it up into a double top or what so In patients will probably pay dividends today Again, you're just looking for an old well overwhelmingly amount of Longs to try and enter this and once they enter we sort of pull it down Essentially all you're doing today you got a time today. I mean you probably expected to do Just pay attention to these times here and It doesn't really matter what they say or what they do all it matters is What state the chart is in and how it's set up. So they'll use news outlets and people Speakers and stuff like that. Oh, yeah, they said this whatever whatever whatever But all that really matters is that this event is happening So you have that time marker and then and we've been through this like how numerous instances where if you're going up in In in price and there's a news release They usually just slam it down if the building longs up they're building them to fall if they're building up shorts They're squeezing the life out of them on the flip side Tomorrow we just have you some UK news other than that nothing to outlandish some retail sales We'll probably know what's in the they're going to be just a couple of other things but mostly Nothing's all too important out of the US tomorrow I mean, I do I want to cut it here and just call it a day because There's not too much to add that I haven't said already Most of this is just will be round the round circles And then you guys should be good And to be honest, I'm not always not Not feeling the best. So If you can call it up here and you guys got any questions just leave them and not answer them So we're getting those longs coming in. Yeah, and I think nothing's all gonna change what my decision is for like When I'm gonna When things are gonna happen, Jerry my sentence is the same. You're probably looking for things to go I South for the most part again, just wait for that build up see if that level of talk sort of Confirms was that? Yeah, I think cut it here. I mean, there's nothing more to say. There's no I think nothing's in them It's gonna change my mind if 9 o'clock didn't do anything And I don't think anything will look you see how it pins down. They're just very coy was it they're letting people Slowly build up. So I think we're sort of if we're gonna go out like that. That's what you sure Probably a bit higher, but you should probably short around here If you see it go up higher, I mean regardless of think if it takes out the range or not It's going higher to eventually fall and that's pretty much all you're looking for today and nothing Nothing else I Know all the scenarios that I really expect Regardless of what ends up happening if it goes down again 11 11 or 30 is your time and 2 o'clock So 11 and 2 is where you're looking at in terms of for timings 11 o'clock then you got your 2 o'clock around here I expect something else and also you got your clothes, but that's neither her there Remember your Mondays ranges and stuff like that other than that. I think you guys should be good for today I'll catch you guys tomorrow Try to sort of try sort of make sure to be on time tomorrow, I think We're not the late this is but again generally thinking that we are gonna be short today so Do as that was what you will hopefully you guys enjoy the rest of your day trade safe other than that See you guys tomorrow


Welcome to the knuckleheads of Liberty. And so we wanted to have you back to tell us a little bit about what it's like being a Libertarian, elected Libertarian in office and governing. And by the way, James, can you pull up the image real quick? So this is Hanford, California just for our guests so they kind of understand where this is. Because it's such a rare thing when a Libertarian gets elected. We just wanted to let you know where the unicorn lives. And here it is, Hanford, California. And I believe that's the town right there. So there we go. So Kalisha, tell us about some of your successes. Well, what's it like governing as a Libertarian? Well, first of all, thank you so much for having me back on. I had a lot fun the last time. Tim, you're not in your cockpit this time. Oh, now I remember. Yeah, I remember you. Once he said screaming eagle, eagle, I remembered. Yeah, well, you know, when they send you out to swap airplanes, you don't get back in time for the podcast. So you got to do something. It made for a great backdrop, though. Indeed. It's been really great so far. I mean, definitely you got these crazy times and ups and downs and polarization going on even at the local level too. So just navigating some of those things. And there's been some, you know, bumps in the road with our council. And it's kind of crazy to go through some of the things that we do and still function as a very cohesive council on a lot of things.  It's weird. They don't scream at each other.  So at least they have that going for us. But yeah, it's been a little, it is weird because we're in a good way, I guess. You know, I started off as a council member and people aren't familiar with some structures of different local governance. Ours is what you would call a weak mayoral system or it's ran by the day-to-day operations or ran by a city manager. So for us, we rotate amongst ourselves regarding who's going to be vice mayor and who's going to be mayor. So every year we do that reorganization. So a year in, I went from council member to vice mayor and then something contentious happened, you know, regarding a low-income housing project. And again, you know, just that volatility that we have in politics and stuff, it really got one base really fired up. And things didn't go very well for our mayor during a meeting and unfortunately she lost her temper. And at that point the council decided to do a reorg and I got bumped, we swapped places, so I got bumped to mayor and bumped down to the vice mayor. And so that's how I transitioned so quickly to mayor after just, you know, just getting elected in for the first time. How long ago was the escalation? About a month ago. So definitely trial by fire, which I feel has been my whole 10-year-on-counsel. The moment I got onto council, we had a censure council member for some misconduct. I won't get into that, but there was that. And then obviously this huge blow-up and the reorg at an untimely, you know, what's not the normal time. And then kind of running meetings too, where we're still dealing with the topic that was so contentious and just trying to make sure that I keep the, everybody as calm and collected as possible and council members, council moving and stuff. And I had to channel my inner Mimi Robson, a chair of the California State Party. I learned a lot from her, just how she conducts meetings and just trying to keep a level head and those things. So learned a lot from her and we're moving forward. How large is your council? We have five members. And you're interested to know too that three out of the five of us are libertarians. Wow. Yeah. Three out of five. Yep. That was, we have a Democrat and a Republican filling the other two spots. And I got elected on Francisco Ramirez was mayor. He became mayor at the time, or he was mayor at the time when he decided to switch parties and become libertarian as well. So he was already, you know, on on city council. A few months later, we had another, another council member who's Republican.   And we, we selected Amanda Sultry out of a, of a series pool of candidates. And within a couple months, she decided to switch to libertarian as well. So they didn't run as libertarians. And I, you know, obviously, obviously there was some influence, I guess, they realized that the party really resonates with them. And, and I think it also takes care of that stigma. You know, as you mentioned to the unicorn of having somebody get elected as a libertarian, even though we're a non-partisan race, there's still that stigma that we don't get elected. And so seeing that I had a very, very difficult race against a very, you know, against the Republican incumbent in a red city. And I still won. I think that kind of boosted their confidence and helped them get over that, that line. Well, Kalish, one thing you mentioned that these other two people had switched parties. And I remember you telling us in the prior time you were on the show that you had originally been a Democrat and then had sort of been disillusioned and switched to being a libertarian. Were these other people, people who had switched from Democrats or did they switch from Republican or maybe a third party? I believe, I believe Francisco Ramirez had been, he's doubled in a few of the parties, but I think where the last one he was part of was Democrat. And then Amanda was definitely Republican. And again, she felt that the party had left her, so she decided to go no party preference and then eventually made the leap to libertarian. Oh, it's just a good sign that we're drawing from both parties. Yeah. Well, and it goes to that argument too, because you hear it all the time of people saying like, oh, if it weren't for the libertarians, the Republican candidate would have won. And then they get the Democrat would have won. And we just say that that's not a guarantee. We're neither Republican nor we're Democrat. And if you were to actually split us down the middle and get into our head and we had to pick one of them, it would probably be split down the middle. I don't think that we would have swayed it one way or another. Okay. So what you called a red city, meaning it predominately right to a lean Republican. Well, what do you think now do you see as the differences between governing as a libertarian versus the governance of the previous Republican administrations? I think it gets a little, it gets a little muddied, I think at the local level. You know, if you're, if you're in the state Senate like that, you've definitely got those party lines. But, but I think when it comes down to local issues, people really have to look at the issues, you know, up close and personal. And now it's a decision that's affecting your, your neighbors and your own life. But that said, though, I've, I've, I noticed a lot of Republicans, who will still do the pet projects that we're still advocating for increases in taxes, those sorts of things even here at the local level. So, yeah, that's been, that's been one of those things though. My predecessor, you know, people like certain things about her and didn't like certain things about her, but you know, I have to say like, yeah, I went in and she was wanting to raise taxes and was all about it. And we've got staff that are just like, but no, wait, why don't you want to do it too? So it's that balancing act too, because everybody wants more services, but we also don't want to pay more taxes. So it's kind of like, well, you guys have to make the decision. I know where I stand, but they have to make, they have to figure it themselves out. Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness always and forever.


Members' statements? The Member for Trinity, Spadina. Spadina, Fort York. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. Spadina, Fort York is the epicenter of Ontario's homelessness crisis. It's a humanitarian crisis that was started by the Liberal government when they cut funding for housing. When they left, Ontario works rates at $733 a month or $722 when they actually left it. This government was generous enough to increase it by $10. But it's a humanitarian crisis that exploded. People have been living for years and years in the alleyways of Spadina, Fort York. They've been living under the garden. They've been trying to just survive on the streets of Toronto, living on, getting heat from heat grates. This government has made it all the worse. They have cut half a billion dollars from an already inadequate housing budget. And during the pandemic, homelessness exploded in my writing. We had people living in tents in the parks. And the people of Spadina, Fort York, we want people to have housing and people to have supportive housing who have mental health and addictions issues so that they can maintain that housing. But this government has not done that. In fact, last week we just found out that this government is cutting 43 street nurses who served people without homes in Toronto. And I can speak personally to the impact that this will have. A few months ago, I was providing meals to people experiencing homelessness and I came across a gentleman who had a badly swollen leg with lesions and he was refusing to go to the hospital. So we called in a street nurse and she was able to provide emergency treatment for his leg and his leg has been saved. But it's that kind of life-saving support and healthcare that this government is now cutting. So I asked this government, please, reverse that decision, bring back those street nurses and for God's sakes, provide supportive housing so that we can bring an end to this humanitarian crisis of homelessness, not just in Toronto, but across this province. Thank you. Member Statements. The Member for Whitby. As part of its plan to fix long-term care, the Ontario government, with the leadership of Minister Klandra, will provide up to $673 million this year to long-term care homes to increase staffing levels, leading to more direct care for residents. Speaker, this includes approximately $5 million for long-term care homes in Whitby and approximately $3 million for homes in Oshawa. Now, when Whitby Fairview Lodge will receive $1.8 million, then he'll terrace $1.4 million and the village of Taunton Mills, $1.1 million. Now, Speaker, this will allow long-term care homes in Whitby to hire and retain more staff so they can provide more care to residents every day. This is part of our government's plan, Speaker, to hire thousands of new staff over the next four years to ensure that these residents living in long-term care get the high quality care they need and deserve. Thank you, Minister Klandra and his hard-working staff. The Member for Humber River Black Peak. Thank you, Speaker. This month is World Autism Month, and this past Saturday we celebrated World Autism Day. This is a month where we raise awareness and provide encouragement and support for those living on the autism spectrum. But as we celebrate World Autism Month, there are more than 50,000 children in Ontario who are still on the waitlist to receive course services. Or as the Ontario Autism Coalition puts it, there are enough children waiting to receive needs-based therapy to fill the skydome. According to the Financial Accountability Office, depending upon the needs of the child, autism services can cost as much as $95,000 a year. This is far out of reach for most families. Every day these children wait is a day missed in developmental time that they can never get back. Jordan Glass is a friend and advocate who lives in my community. Jordan has two daughters, ages 6 and 13, who have been on the waitlist to receive course services since before the pandemic. Jordan told me he wonders if his 6-year-old daughter would have been verbal had she been able to receive speech therapy over the past three years. Every child on the autism spectrum has a unique set of needs and requires a different set of services. More than 50,000 children waiting to receive needs-based autism services in Ontario is not okay. Let's make sure they get the services now. Thank you. Member Statements, the Member for Carleton. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. I'd like to recognize a very special person in my riding of Carleton, Rihanna Gallagher. Rihanna has been announced as a 4-H ambassador for 2022. 4-H is a non-profit youth development organization that runs 10 provinces in Ontario and Canada and 70 countries across the world. 4-H is a volunteer-based organization that brings together youth from ages 6 to 21 from all backgrounds and experience. Youth can find a place to where they can be involved, accepted, valued, and somewhere they can make a difference by developing leadership skills, public speaking, critical thinking, and problem-solving. Rihanna has been with 4-H for 11 years, and the journey to becoming an ambassador has been challenging, but no doubt very rewarding. I first met Rihanna, her parents, Allen and Debbie Gallagher, her grandparents, Dwayne and Laura Akers, and her brothers and sisters back in 2016. And I also, in fact, recently ran into her brother, Colin, who's also keeping agriculture alive and well in Carleton. Like many of the numerous farming families in Carleton, the next generation of the Akers and Gallagher's are keeping farming and agriculture alive and thriving in Ottawa and Ontario because farmers, feed families, and our Ontario government will continue to support agriculture in this province. Thank you. Member for Hamilton West and Caster Dundas. Speaker, this morning I stood in the rain of advocates young and old from across the province rallying to save farmland, which is under threat from this government. Thousands of Hamiltonians from every riding participated in the largest consultation at Hamilton, which overwhelmingly showed our community wanted to save, not pay, farmland. And yet the Minister of Housing and Municipal Affairs just last week threatened to take municipalities to the Ontario Land Tribunal for listening to the public. This government has shown that they are prepared to strong arm the people of the province to get their way. But it's not just Hamilton that this government is ignoring. The Stop Sprawl movement is spreading with campaigns engaging thousands of Ontarians in Halton, Peel, Simcoe, Aurelia, Oxford and many more communities across the province. This movement has support from planners and farmer and agricultural organizations across the province. Speaker, as an MPP, my biggest priority is working with my community. It's clear that this government doesn't share the value of working with, not against, the people of Ontario. While Ontarians are building a brighter vision for how our cities grow, this government is doubling down with big highways and big houses that no one can afford. It's time for this government to look out for the people of the province, not just their wealthy, well-connected land speculators looking to profit from destroying our farmland. Thank you. Member Statements, the Member for Perth, Wellington. Thank you, Speaker. Speaker, March 17, 2011 was one of the darkest days in memory. That's when the fire took the lives of Deputy District Chief Ken Ray and firefighter Ray Waller. Investigations followed and they revealed what firefighters could not have known. Behind some insulation, the fire was quickly degrading the lightweight wooden roof trusses. Collapse was inevitable. Questions turned to what could have been done to prevent future tragedies like it. The answer was soon apparent. We need to identify buildings with trust and lightweight construction systems. In 2017, I first introduced the Ray and Waller Act. Twice it received all-party support. It took some time, but this year I was enlistful to announce the province is taking action. First, the building code is changing to require chief building officials to notify local fire departments when new buildings other than houses will have lightweight construction systems. Second, to address existing buildings, the fire marshal is now requiring municipalities to document buildings with lightweight construction in their community risk assessments and to use that information to keep firefighters safe. And finally, the province is asking for a lightweight construction identification to be harmonized in building codes across Canada. Together, these changes capture the intent of the Ray-Waller Act. The goal is the same, to give firefighters more information to reduce the risk and to save lives. I want to thank everyone who contributed to these changes. I especially want to thank North Perth Fire Chief, Janney Pape, former Chief Ed Smith, and all the Chiefs of Perth Wellington helped us along the way. And most importantly, the families of Ken Ray and Walter. By advocating for the Ray and Waller Act and then supporting these changes, they turned unimaginable grief into constructive action. Thank you, Speaker. Next, we have the member for Hamilton Mountain. Thank you, Speaker. The opioid crisis is an important issue in my writing of Hamilton Mountain and across the province. Last year, there were 2,426 opioid-related deaths. And in the vast majority of these cases, people were alone when they passed away. And the opioid-related death rate has been roughly 28% higher than the provincial rate over the last several years. As of September 2021, 115 people died in Hamilton alone as a result of the opioid overdose. These are Hamiltonians who are mothers, fathers, sisters, brothers, friends, and family members. So far in 2022, Hamilton Paramedic Services have responded to 147 incidences related to suspected opioid overdose. We cannot allow this to continue. The number of opioid-related deaths have risen dramatically over the past decade in Ontario, and the pandemic has made things worse. The precautions to prevent the spread of COVID have led to reduced access to services for people who use drugs and causing fatal overdoses to rise. The wait time is 100 days on average for an adult residential treatment program for substance abuse, and yet hospitalizations for substance abuse-related illnesses outnumber those for heart attacks. Speaker, this is a crisis, and it's time for this Premier to step up and declare the opioid problem as a public health emergency. Member statements. The Member for Ottawa, Vanny. Thank you, Mr. Speaker, and good morning. I've been selected two years ago. I've been meeting with advocacy groups on autism with experts and with families that are struggling to obtain therapy for their children. The ratio for children with autism in the province of Ontario is one for 66. That means that the need for diagnosis and treatment is important and should be given the attention it deserves to address those needs. The number of children waiting for autism support has grown to 53,000 children in Ontario. So clearly what this government has been doing is not bringing the relief that was promised. The cuts in critical services and reduction of coverage that families can receive is harmful. But it doesn't have to be this way, Mr. Speaker. If you were to listen to these advocacy groups, these experts, and these families, you would understand where the solutions are. Like in needs-based Ontario autism program that does not discriminate based on age, including applied behavioural analysis, occupational therapy, mental health, and speech and language pathology. Like reducing wait times by hiring 5,000 more special education workers. Like implementing a direct billing option for autism therapy. Like conducting a comprehensive reform of special education and better transition people into adult services. And that's what Ontario labels are proposing to do because we have been listening. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. Thank you. Member statements. The member for Glen Gary, Prescott Russer. Thank you, Speaker. Beginning in the 1700s, the Scottish Highland Clarence displaced many Scots as they were forced from their homes and only to watch them burn to the ground. With no means to support the families, many looked to Canada for a new life, settling in various locations across Upper Canada, and joining many of their fellow countrymen as they fought for the crown during the American Civil War, or War of Independence. Today there's more Canadians of Scottish descent than any other. My ancestors arrived in the ship McDonald in 1786 joining countrymen in Glen Gary, Ontario. Once they established their homes and livelihoods, they immediately set about building schools, educating their children, and helping to establish institutions in a strong and secure country. The first post-secondary institution in Upper Canada was established at St. Raffles in South Glen Gary Township. Across the province, Highland Games attracted thousands of people enjoying the Scottish culture. And our Minister of Tourism and Culture, Lisa McLeod, has joined me several times at the Glen Gary Highland Games, the North American Python Championships. On June 3rd of last year, my private members bill received royal assent designating St. Andrews Day, Highland's official national day, celebrated on November 30th each year as Scottish heritage day in Ontario. Speaker, also this week, millions of people across North America will celebrate Tartan Day, held annually on April 6th. The day originated in Nova Scotia in the mid-1980s, and has grown more popular each year, being adopted by displaced Scots across the globe. Speaker, Langmuir Greek roughly translated means may you live long and keep well. Thank you. Thank you very much. That concludes our members' statements for this morning. Introductions.