Welcome to the session Fiber Enforced Concrete FRC, myself, Mr. Chetanji Kunapre, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Palchen Institute of Technology, Solapur. Now, these are the learning outcomes. At the end of this session, students will be able to understand the features of fiber reinforced concrete and factors affecting properties of fiber reinforced concrete. Now, as we know the concrete is a mixture of basic ingredients, cement, sand, coarse aggregate and fiber reinforced concrete means some addition is made in that concrete. So, we can define this concrete as it is a mixture of cement mortar or cement concrete with discontinued discrete uniformly or orderly or randomly dispersed fibers. So, that is a fiber reinforced concrete. Now, what is the need of this type of concrete? Now, our plain concrete actually it possess very low tensile strength. So, low tensile strength means if any tensile stresses are occurring in the concrete probably that will be subjected to the cracks. Now, these cracks will widen and the reason for low tensile strength is the micro cracks and micro cracks and presence of micro cracks and their propagation will reduce the tensile strength. Now, how this tensile strength of concrete can be improved? One is the conventional method, conventional reinforcement or enforcing bars can be introduced in the concrete. So, that is our regular RCC and second is tensile strength can be improved by introducing the tendons into the concrete and that is pre-stressed concrete. But these are improvement techniques to improve the tensile strength of section not of the concrete. So, concrete will remain as it is which is brittle in nature. Now, before loading concrete is subjected to cracks, micro cracks. The reason is the drying shrinkage. Because of drying shrinkage there will be micro cracks and whenever these micro cracks are subjected to the loading these cracks will open up and start to propagate also. One more important thing is the initially the width of these micro cracks will be very small or with a few microns also. But the other two dimension depth and width of these cracks will be of higher magnitude. So, in case of structural cracks these are proceeding or they will proceed slowly. So, the crack is a major problem in our regular concrete. Now, we need some crack arrester in the which is the disadvantage of the plain cement concrete. So, addition of some fibres which are small, closely spaced, discontinuous and uniformly dispersed into the concrete will act as a crack arrester. So, functioning of crack arrester that is done by these fibres. So, continuous meshes, woven fibrics and long wires are not fibres. So, discrete fibres which are dispersed in the concrete these are called as fibres and that concrete is called as fibre reinforced concrete. Now, which properties of concrete will enhance by these fibres? We are talking about tensile strength, but what are the other properties which will enhance by fibres? You pause the video and think of that and write down the other properties which will enhance by these fibres. Now, following properties of concrete will enhance. First is the flexural strength, bending strength of the concrete. Second, impact resistance of the concrete. So, surface of the concrete must be very tough. Crack resistance of the concrete. So, cracks shall not propagate or will not propagate because of the fibres. Toughness of the concrete and more important property is ductility of concrete that will enhance. The concrete is brittle in nature. So, by addition of the fibre, if the ductility, the tactile property of the concrete will increase that is the better advantage. Now, there are various fibres and these different types of fibres can be used, but all that cannot be effective and economic also. But each fibre has got its own characteristics and limitation. So, let us see the fibres. Now, steel fibres, polypropylene fibres, nylon fibres, asbestos, coir, glass and carbon, these are the different fibres used in the concrete. Now, what is this fibre? Fibre is a small reinforcing material. The shape of the fibre may be circular, flat, with the straight end, with the different end with some texture or crimped surfaces. Now, this fibre can be described with the aspect ratio. Now, the aspect ratio of the fibre is the ratio of its length to its diameter. Now, typical aspect ratio of the fibre is ranging from 30 to 150. Generally, it is kept 120. Now, these are the steel fibres. You can observe the steel fibres and at the end, the ends are hooked and this will act as an anchorage into the concrete. So, round fibres and hooked fibres in both types of steel fibres are available. Diameter is 0.25 to 75 mm. Now, it improves the flexural impact and fatigue strength of the concrete. Now, application of the steel fibre is in the overall layers of the roads, airfield pavements, industrial floors and in some bridge decks also. Next is polypropylene fibre and nylon fibre. Now, this is polypropylene fibre. So, it has got very high tensile strength, but the modusofelasticity E is very low in case of polypropylene fibre. But because of the elongation, because it is modusofelasticity less, definitely there will be higher elongation and it will not contribute to the flexural strength. Now, next is asbestos. This is mineral fibre. Tensile strength is 560 to 980 Newton per mm square. So, it has got high flexural strength and cement paste. Now, next is coir fibre, jule fibre. So, this is a coconut tree. You can observe these fibres here and one is the cross section, non-jewel cross section of this fibre. So, coir fibre is in this form, which is a natural fibre that can be used in the concrete where that much tensile strength is not expected. Little bit improvement is expected by using the coir fibre. Next is glass fibres. This is a recent introduction into the fibre reinforced concrete. Tensile strength of glass fibre is 1020 to 4080 Newton per mm square. But glass fibre is affected by alkanine conditions. So, alkyl free or alkyl resistant fibres are important. So, that can be used in the concrete. So, one tread name is there that is Semphil, which is alkyl resistant glass fibre. Next is carbon fibre. Now, tensile strength of carbon fibre is 210 to 2850 Newton per mm square. These are used basically in cladding, panels and shells or type structure. So, their use is started yet. Now, the mass scale if it is used, definitely that will be one of the promising future. Now, these are the factors which affects the properties of the FRC. Because whenever some addition is made in the concrete, the properties may affect. Some property may enhance, some may reduce. Now, by observing and studying the factors which affects the property of the concrete, we can give the best solution. Now, FRC is actually mixture of fibres into the cement matrix. Cement matrix that is that which creates a better bond between cement paste and the aggregate. Now, first factor is the fibres may be orderly mannered or randomly distributed. This is the first factor. The proper distribution is there, definitely the properties of FRC will increase. Second thing important factor is transfer of stresses between matrix and the fibre. Whatever load of stresses are coming on the concrete, if all these stresses are effectively transferred from matrix to the fibre, then definitely your properties will enhance. Now, what are the factors, sub factors which will affect the transfer of stresses? First is type of fibre. Second, geometry of fibre whether it is a plain fibre, green fibre or hooked fibre. At the ends, what is the geometry that is also important. Third is fibre content. So, percentage of the fibre is important. So, fibre content is the third sub parameter. Fourth is orientation and distribution of the fibres. If it is distributed properly, if the fibre orientation is perpendicular to the crack, definitely that will arrest the crack more effectively. And next is size and shape of the aggregate. Fifth point which is important point because based on the size and shape, the cement matrix and its arrangement is dependent. And sixth is mixing and compaction technique of the concrete. So, how the bond will develop into cement matrix and fibre that depends upon this compaction. Now, next is for efficient trains transfer, this is important factor. For that, Young's modulus of matrix must be much lower than the Young's modulus of fibre. This is important factor. Next is the bond between fibre and the mix. Now, you can see this diagram. This beam which is a flexural member, so load is applied. Here, one crack is developed and this is the fibre mesh. So, this crack is arrested by the fibre. Now, how it is effective? So, the bond between fibre and mix that actually plays an important role in the stress transfers. How the stress is transferred to each other that is dependent upon interfacial bond. And last thing is the improvement in bond of the fibre and mix that depends upon the larger area of the contact. So, this larger area of the contact means the bond will increase by the area contact between fibre and matrix. And if it is improved, then the frictional resistance and the degree of gripping that will improve. And one more aspect is there, we can increase the bond by sodium hydroxide. These are the references for this fibre reinforced concrete session. Thank you.


Hi there and welcome, I'm the Technician Projects and today's tutorial is going to show you how to add effects to a clip in Adobe Audition. Once you have Adobe Audition loaded and you have a file inserted in or you have recorded a file into your multitrack project, now it is time to add effects to that waveform. We're going to go to the left hand side of our project and click on effects rack and we're going to click on the clip effects. Now the clip effects deal with the clip you have inserted into your project or you have on your track. You can add effects to the clip. These are all the effects by clicking on the side arrow here. We're going to add an EQ and we're going to add a compressor. I'm just going to go through the preset EQs just to show you what we can do. There's the EQ and you can turn it on and off by using this button here next to the one icon. We're going to click and drag and you can put it onto the second bar or the third bar. You can move it up and down within the effects stack. Next we're going to put a compressor and we're going to put a broadcast limiter as the default. If you enjoyed the video today, please leave a like rating and subscribe for more. Thank you for watching and see you next time.


Hello, thank you for joining me. I'm in the countryside on the edge of Greater Manchester and today we're going to another miniature railway. It's just here in this park called South Park and South Park is home to the Stockport and District Model Engineering Society and they've got a really nice little railway so that's what we've come here today to have a ride on. So coming into the park this way I can see the track in front of me it's a raised track miniature railway so it's five inch, three and a half inch and even two and a half inch. So we've got three gauges and they've got this raised track railway which runs this is down the bottom end.  I'm not sure if we'll see a train yet. So we're gonna walk up here and just be on those trees there that's where their railway station is so we're gonna go and have a ride around and see what they have here. So they've been here approximately 10 years. The club used to be at a school in the area but then I believe that was redeveloped outside so they moved to here so it's what we've got. It looks quite a nice railway they're running running through the trees so I'm really looking forward to visiting another miniature railway today. Let's just have a look. I've kind of come from the back entrance. If you were to come by car you'd probably come to the car park which will go out that way. I just thought it'd be nice to have a little walk around there and show you some of the wider country size. So here is the railway station. That's the way out as it says no entry. Here we are so you can see the station. I can hear them steaming up the locos so hopefully in a minute we should be able to have a ride. So here we go to the track. You can see the station. So what I'm going to do I'm going to wait for a while, train will arrive and off we shall go for a ride right the way around the track. Pleasant ride. We're going to go out now and what I'm going to do is just one other thing I wanted to show you before we left. So walk around here so steaming bays are over there which we saw from the train round past the clubhouse. There's one thing I think it's quite cool it's actively a branch line. The passengers don't travel on but it's quite a long bit of track so what happens is you've got the sheds here. There's a line that comes off to get the locos in and out the side. So having a look here the engine shed. There's this track here. So that's the main track. There's this track here running off down here. Now this is how they get the locos on and off the track. So when the local arrives it comes from the car up there rolls along here and then through the turntable and the swinging sections of track they put the locos on and off. So and then at the end of the day they repeat this process by bringing the trains along here. The modern engineers can park the cars here unload the locos carriages etc and off they go. So if you were to come here by car this is where you would come to.  I've had a great time here and really enjoyed it. So from the Stockport and District Model Engineering Society's Railway in South Park near Tudor Hume. Thank you very much for watching and goodbye.


Well, it's time for another Mean Tweets from the VA air channel and we'll meet if we go through the comments and we read all of them or we try to shh every week as much as possible. We did thousands so it's really tough so you can imagine some of the mean ones we get and we get those quite often. Let's start with Mark, what's your first mean? Love it, this is a great one, this is a classic. I get this one quite a bit, it's not unusual. This is from John Lista, John says, I've sent before and I'll say it again, Mark talks way too much. Oh man. Yeah, Greg is reminiscing about it having a head of hair, it's what we call the room answer from Garmin 4688. Okay, Chase. This is from X, Mr. X0X, it's at, he says, my goud, Chase is orange as F, then what the blank? This is my skin, I'm right next to his wall, he's not orange, I'm not orange, it's my camera or lighty or something, you're orange Chase, and this one, he's orange. I use my thumb, this is good. This is from Secret Asian Man 8, this was two days ago, Scott, is that a hat, a nice pack or a bad toupee? It's cute, it's cute, what do you got? Yeah, Greg, this is from Tom Gibbons, Greg, we went to war artily, also Greg, emotionally damaged from being socked in the nose with a coke bottle pack in school. Wow. Nice. All right, this is brilliant, what's happening here? This is from Atleek Ulik, 4446, does Mick know how to say people's names? I mean, how disrespectful, Mark, see what, that was brilliant, one of the brighter, didn't they? Oh, you see what I did there, that was genius, does Mick know how to say people's names? But I mean, how disrespectful, Mark has such an ego, and saying Grush isn't probably liked in the, see I just pronounced that incorrectly, Grush, but that's how I do it. People have said it's grush as in brush, but my use sounds are often long, because I have an English accent and I'll say it how I like, because you know, some people say Bowden, I say Bowden, if they say Bowden, it's like, that's a cap, that's all right, yeah, so we, oh, I've lost it now, oh yes, Mark has such an ego, and saying, I am going a lot on a quad one time now, well that's a nice philosophy, it's not an accurate, not accurate on the last one, Mark has such an ego, and saying Grush isn't probably liked in the office, is such a random and off topic comment, I still think he probably isn't very like, that's totally right, I stand by like, like, Grush comment, I choose your spline family of five, at Juliana 3150, and Chloe Williams 8408, in order, Tam Daddy is an unusual deep dark, rich orange shade today, orange Tam Daddy is back, chase with his Tam again, lovingly orange, it's my camera, it's the white teeth, and I'm going to tease it, it's the white teeth, it offsets the color, yeah, got it? Scott, maybe you can point out how the man looks, calling them rude names, is it funny? Yes it is, it's very funny, talk about Larry Sinclair. Okay, this is, I can't even read none, something, Greg does his best work while he's muted, that's poetry, that's beautiful, this one'd be a bit of a long one, it's not me, it's just an actually long, you know, wait, it's your old Mark, you are very smart, starting off well, mind you do misuse words in some of your comments, not particularly in this episode, it's like, okay, but now and then, across the board, across the board, but not particularly in this, apart from this world, apparently. What you say is interesting and sharp, people get what you mean, but inferred, non-districted, et cetera, don't strictly mean, God, this is so low, it's my screen's going blank, inferred, non-districted, et cetera, don't strictly mean what you use them to mean, it's a bit uncomfortable, I'm just saying, because nobody else seems to be. The tune? Wow, Chase? This is from at Carolina, wow, what, 9485, maybe I mispronounced it and that's disrespectful, but it's just a few words long here, Chase looks so bad in this video. That's it, that's all you made, and that's short to the point. It ends at the point, you look terrible in this video. You're just wrong. Larry Sinclair may be a con man, but he's a better speaker than you are, Scott. Why are you after your breathing? Simple language is just pathetic, stay in your lane, bro. That's from Enoch, a good fellow. And yeah, obviously you're sure. Or this isn't, this is a representative one, I'm only going to say this one because I get many of these. Mr. Hammerstick says, Greg, Danny got life in prison not 30 years, get it right, ask for a motion, it's a little emotional. Just says, I think Chase is a Scientologist. It's an interesting point. Well, where is the Scientology part of it? Where does that go? I think because it's something about my land, yeah, right, yeah, Mila, Mila nice, his two great ones, his two great ones. In succession, they're right after each other. Mark is completely destroying any kind of appearance of professional impartiality in the battle. It's my fault.  Let me back it up with another one, okay? Just in case you thought, you know, that Samuel Sten P15A4 might be wrong because Jules Shewitt 3102, which means there must be a lot of Jules Shewitt, there must be like 3,000 or more other ones or Shewitt out there. I think that the Havia panel can now drop Mark. He really comes across like he's just grifting a whole the others. When you're fired, thanks guys, you're fired. You're out. Here comes the line, I got one. Scott is really a cute little voice, age, looks, etc. on this guy while sitting there wearing that weird hat. That's the same hat I've ever had before for my birthday one year. I love that hat. Yeah, it's a great hat. Here's it. Add you cold day 90. Greg's hands are effin massive. He looks like Wallace from Wallace and Ford. Can't thought of it. Let me see. All right. Oh, the big hat. What are you saying? I got wood lost with it. And I don't know which way to take this. Mark is the grush or grush. Mark is the grush of the panel.  You know how we depend on the Bob Lazar the panel. Yeah, right. So depending on how you see Grush or Grush, whatever you do to the bat, do we get the vote? I don't want to be Bob Lazar. I want to be what was the bigfoot guy's name? I'm like, well, you can have Lazar. I'll be Carol Baskin. I would have got to be. You're back the old school. Brianna Melbrough. He is. Oh, we got. I think that's it. That's it. That's what it's got. They have great words. Keep them. Keep them coming. Yeah, thanks so much. And we'll see you next week.


This is part one of a three-part series talking about doing triple through wedged tenon. This is an example of my mortises, three of them, that's why we call it triple, through because tenons are going to come all the way through and then they're going to get spread with wedges and hopefully will be super super tight on these walls and the wedging will secure it and get it tight going the other direction. Part one here is about cutting the mortises. To do that I wanted to use my plunge router with a straight bit. I have a half inch bit and a three-quarter inch bushing and the idea is to create a template. I have 12 of these to do. I want them to be precise and using a template is the best way to do that. Instead of using my ruler and trying to lay everything out and mark lines. So I want to create a precise template and that eliminates all the need for marking up. The template will tell me both how far in from the edge of the workpiece. I need to be and the template will tell me exactly where the three mortises need to be. The way you build the template is to just take, in my case I'm taking a half inch MDF, I go to my table saw and I just cut strips that are about, I start with a piece that's six or eight inches wide and I just cut pieces according to the plans I'm working off of. When you get those exactly the width that you want them all then you simply glue them together. In my case I use the, just type bond two and I like to get it into my parallel clamps and that way I get more time to push things around and get them exactly where I want them. I did try using the CA glue and things set up too fast on me and sometimes I had to start and build the whole pattern over again or tear it apart and chip away and I don't like that. That some of the tips of creating these templates is make sure you leave yourself plenty of fingers even though this is all I would need then where's my clamps going to go. So leave these pieces such that you've got some place to put clamps to hold it on your workpiece. Because my bushing in my router is three quarters of an inch and my bit is a half of an inch that's a quarter of an inch difference. So that's an eighth of an inch on each side. When you cut these strips you take that into account. In other words if I want this to be three quarters of an inch wide here then I need to add an eighth on each side and there's some other videos I'll put a link to one or two about building these templates. So I need an extra one eighth of an inch on each side.  There's only one side here so one eighth less there. This one there's two sides so that's really one quarter of an inch less. In other words normally this would be one inch but I make it three quarters of an inch. Anyway make a pattern, get it glued up, make sure it's exactly perfect according to the plans you're going off of. Mark which one is going to be oriented on the top of your workpiece because this may not be the same width as your workpieces.  So in this case I wanted this to be a certain distance in so I cut it at an eighth of an inch less than that and the router runs along the edge of the template and you end up cutting your perfect mortises. Now those will be rounded off and so the next thing you need to do is lay down your combination squares and so forth, scribe a line for where your square corners would be and then chisel it to get the corners square. The other things to watch out for is when you're chiseling those round corners it's very common to leave ragged edges in the corners. I like to take little rectangular files and get those off but in some manner you need to get those edges, those corners completely clean. If you think they're clean just take a really good flashlight and look down in there and you'll decide no they're not clean you need to do some more work. So get these all rectangular all the way through both sides squared off. If you use your plunger router you probably can't do anything to get it all the way through. That's pretty difficult if this is going to be three inches or more. So what you do is you do the one side then you take a drill and you drill through the other side large enough hole so that you can insert the bit that you're going to use into that hole and you want to have that bit go down far enough so it can reach the walls that you've did from the other side and then let this pattern bit with the roller on it find those walls and do your second side. Again those would be rounded so then you got to square them off. Just a few words of wisdom these drill bits need to be maintained so look for some good articles about cleaning them and sharpening them. You may want to send them out to be sharpened but you can't just use them use them and use them and not take care of them. If you get a lot of crud and stuff building up on there that's keeping the cutting edge away from your wood then that's not going to work very well. There's some cleaners that are made this is one's made by Trend and it's called a tool cleaner and they even show some router bits as one of the things that get cleaned up and as well as saw blades and so forth. The other thing is to make sure on the bits that you have that have the rollers on them that you keep those lubricated. There's a little lubrication bottles and so you can get that really finely done in there. And I'm going to tell you having experienced it a couple times when you're going through from the opposite side and you're carving out your walls sometimes you'll hope it doesn't happen to you but you suddenly say well that didn't feel right I don't know what's going on what in the world and you pull it out because it went too far and you find out that your roller fell off of your bit so there's no longer anything to stop it at the wall and you're digging into your wall. So it's very important to maintain your rollers you know I have just the right tension with the Allen wrench on the little screw that holds that in make sure it's lubricated make sure the ball bearings in there haven't gotten you know squared off and ruined. I just replaced this one and I just cleaned these using my trend cleaner and I replaced this one because I had had it drop off on me once and as I tested it I just didn't feel like it was had maybe the nice round ball bearings anymore than I wanted so an ounce of prevention certainly worth ten pounds of redoing the workpiece so anyway maintain your cutting tools we'll look forward to seeing you on part two small workshop guy signing off


And welcome to Finding Respect in the Chaos. I am Cynthia Lee Sinclair and I am here with Jade and Jasmine Baker. I'm so glad that you guys have come to share all of the stuff that you do. You do such amazing work and I'm really honored that you came on the show to share some of it with us. I believe, Jasmine, that you have a program called Gems. Could you tell us a little bit about what that is? It's a program for girls and STEM, right? Yes. So Gems is Girls in Powered and Mentored for Success. It's a STEM-based organization for girls. It's faith-based, of course. I'm an engineer and I'm very passionate about making sure that girls have STEM-based in their careers, you know, at least that they get involved in it because, as you know, Cynthia right now, only 10 percent of the girls are very interested in STEM. Now STEM, science, technology, engineering, and math, right? Exactly. Just for those that don't know exactly what STEM is, I had to look it up. Okay. Exactly. So right now, the girls that are in school, only 10 percent of them are interested in STEM-based subjects. So I felt compelled to have something created, my nonprofit, to get them interested in those types of subjects. That's fascinating. I love that. Thank you. I'm glad you do that because it's important that we get more women out there in these fields. Exactly. So that we can really change what is going on in this culture and stuff. Okay. Now, Jade, I want you to tell me a little bit about what you are doing because what you're doing is really exciting. It's with human trafficking, right? Yes, it is. Can you explain a little bit about what that is and what it entails and how you got involved in it to begin with? So I work with an organization called Ho'olanapua and there it dedicates the renewal of youth being exploited to our islands. And as their first ever state teen educational advocate, I just go into the school systems and educate our Kiki about what's going on as it directly affects them. So I originally got started with Ho'olanapua with the annual progala that was held in 2014 in my freshman year. And I went with my mom. We went into the art exhibit where it conveyed a young girl that had been sex trafficked and everything that she'd have to go through. So it was visually there. You could see the clothes, the lipstick, the shoes that she had to wear. And I was really shocked because I didn't know that it was going on in our islands. Right. Right here? Yeah. I thought it was like taken. And I just automatically assumed that she was protective over me. And I was like, ah, mom. But. Good job, mom. Good job, mom. That's what mom is supposed to do. Exactly. But after I found out that this could happen to anyone that I may know at Radford, I decided that I wanted to take a stand and be a voice to the voice list. Good for you. Yeah. I love that. You know, I just recently went around the world and I was interviewing people and I was studying how different cultures deal with domestic violence and child abuse. But when I got out there, every single agency that I went to was just slammed, overwhelmed with human trafficking issues. I bet. And so I still, but I thought it was Europe. I thought it was maybe India or, you know, the Middle East. I don't think of it as being here in Hawaii. Right. And yet it's really high. There's like a 30 percent risk factor or 30 percent. Oh, you remember the exact statistics. Like with the teens. Tell them a little bit about the teens, Jade. Runaways. So 33 percent of Hawaii's Runaways get approached within the first 28 hours of them being on the streets for sexual coercion. So this presents a really big issue for Hawaii for sex trafficking. Sure. In the first, that soon, in the first day, they're already being. 48 hours, my bad. 48, yeah. But in the first two days, what's the difference? I mean, first two days and they're already getting approached for sexual favors. And not only that, one big thing, I mean, my daughter conversed about this a lot is, and most people don't know this, that Hawaii was the last state to pass the sexual trafficking law. Wow, really? And that's a big thing. It passed in 2016, and most people don't know that. So that's very important for us to know. Sure it is. Yeah. Why don't we the last ones? Wait, usually we're up in the forefront of this tiny stuff, you know? But I think people don't really want to see it as being such a big problem. Exactly. But it really is. So let's talk a little bit more specifically about what human trafficking is for those of the viewers out there that don't know exactly what it is. Could you explain a little bit more about the specifics for us? Definitely. So if we could go to the first slide.  And what the act specifically is geared towards, it's geared towards people under 18. So if anyone under 18 can prove that they were forced into sexual exploitation or just forced fraud or coercion in general, they are able to go through court with it and not be charged as a prostitute. Right, because they're a minor. Exactly. They should charge the people that are doing it to them. Exactly. Not by victims. Exactly. Wait a minute. Especially the underage ones. Exactly. It's seen to think that would happen. Because the thing about it is a minor is not giving consent. A minor is not wanting to prostitute themselves. They can't give consent. Exactly. By law they cannot give consent. Exactly. Even if they say yes, there's not a minor prostitute. Right. There's no such thing as a child prostitute. Exactly. I like that. That's a good thing to remember. That's a good thing to remember. The message that we send. So people know that. Right. There's no such thing. Wow. You used to volunteer in the prison, I think, right? Absolutely. And that's where my passion came from, Cynthia, is when I was out in the prisons teaching and volunteering, I would run across girls as we would take them through counseling sessions that had ended up in prison. Through those sessions you'd learn that, hey, they had been trafficked or they had some type of experience in that area and they got charged with some type of prostitution. And you're like, okay, wait a minute, and at that time, remember, I said 216 was when the law. Oh, right. So the law wasn't even there to back them up yet. Right. So now they're getting charged with prostitution and you're like, whoa. I sat there kind of took them back and I said, hey, after seeing so many cases, I said, you know what? I got to do something about it. Good for you. Kind of like my daughter. She goes to this progala. She steps into the life of a girl that's been trafficked and she wants to do something about it. There's an awakening that happens.  I got to make a change here and help these girls. Right. Good for you. We need everyone to be doing that. Exactly. That's why I'm so glad you guys came on the show today because we really need to get the word out. Absolutely. So that people understand that this is a problem right here in Hawaii. It's not just something that is far away from us. It's something right here. Right.  Exactly. And they're obviously underage. You know, they don't want to be out there. There's so many homeless now too that puts them, and I would think that puts them super high risk. At risk, definitely. They don't do anything for money, especially children. They don't know where they're going to go. They don't know what they're going to eat. So in order to fulfill those needs, they do anything. Right. And they're easy prey for someone who comes along and says, hey, man, look, I'm going to feed you. Absolutely.  Oh yeah. And when I was going around the world, I was able to interview a nun at the Vatican and talking about what they're doing about human trafficking. And I really loved the way that they are just boots on the ground, getting out there with people, telling them not to fall prey, because that's really all we can do. It's so hard to extract them once they get in it. But if you can stop them from going to begin with, I think that's like where we can really start to make some changes. And that's all about awareness. Oh, definitely. And getting the word out.  It's amazing that at your young age, you are already in the process of doing this. So, hey, let's talk a little bit about the specifics of what makes up somebody that is a trafficker. Not necessarily trafficked, but somebody who is a trafficker, so that maybe the people that are watching will know what to watch for, right? So the grooming tactics is good. I knew there was a name for it, I just couldn't come up with it. So I think we have a side for that, too, don't we? So you want to say this? Oh, absolutely. Some of the recruitment and grooming tactics, you know, the changes in behavior that you can look for is absences from school, you know, the dress could change. Maybe the person showed up at school and they were very conservative in their dress and now the dressing is more provocative, or even an attitude change. Maybe now they were really nice and now they're becoming very nasty in their attitude. Maybe they're starting to have truancies from school and it's just unexplained. Maybe they're showing up with more money in their pockets. Maybe they have a second cell phone. Maybe that second cell phone is not because they can afford it, but maybe the trafficker has given them a second cell phone to contact them. Maybe they have more tattoos, and what we like to think of when they have these tattoos, it could be a possible branding technique that the trafficker is using. Maybe they've now branded the victim, you know, to keep up with that victim.  Exactly. Without external, you know, as permission. So they're obviously getting them illegally. And I think you're probably right, it is like a brand. Exactly. And it kind of ties into the modern day slavery, as we would like to call them. As you look at slavery before, the slave owners would actually brand the slaves and kind of brand them with iron and metal. Now it's just tattoos. Same thing, but different time periods. What you call it, yeah, exactly. Wow. And I think you're probably right as far as that branding thing. That makes total sense too, because that way that person knows what that tattoo means. Exactly. So it's this constant reminder. Oh, absolutely. The back of their head that's there, which is probably why you see all kinds of, you know, slides and attitude and everything else, because they're not happy. They know that they're not.  You get new money. You get to go buy new clothes. All that kind of stuff. Hair done, different things. Right, so in the beginning, you're like, yeah, this is cool. And then you realize it's not so cool. And then you realize that you're stuck.  Right. And that's why they call it the grooming technique. In the beginning, you know, it's that you hear two terms use the loverboard technique or you hear my daughter say the Romeo technique. And then as it begins to move and we call it seasoning, you know, now as we season her and then maybe he becomes more of the gorilla technique, he's now starting to beat her because he needs to create these trauma bonds. Because now I need you to know that your property, you belong to me. Right. And that second cell phone is that now I begin to manipulate you and control you so you know that you belong to me. You stay here.   Blackmail, you know. And it's used to isolate the victim. The trafficker wants the victim to feel isolated from their parents because they often feel shame. Shame is a really powerful tool to use in order to get that mind control over. Exactly. And that's a classic abuser across the board technique. Yes. Not just the traffickers. As a survivor of child abuse, my father used those same techniques. As a victim of domestic violence, I should say survivor because I'm not a victim anymore, but as a survivor of domestic violence, my ex-husband would do the same thing, would shame me. And so it made me feel like I wasn't worth anything. And I think that's the first thing that they have to do is break down the other person's self-worth before they're able to build it back up the other way. Exactly. I think we have a slide about the groomers and stuff too, don't we? Oh, no, these are just quick facts. Oh my gosh, those are some crazy facts. Oh, yeah. 100,000 children exploited in prostitution every year. And that's just an estimate. So who knows how many it really is? I'm sure it's more.  And if you notice, it's 12 to 14 in age where the children are being exploited. And that's kind of that vulnerable age where a child is looking for acceptance, where the mind is still being developed. So the trafficker can easily deceive you, manipulate you because a child is looking for acceptance at that age. Most of our children are looking for acceptance. Absolutely, they are. That's like the critical stage right there, critical stage right there. And then that's where the trafficker is coming in and they're manipulating that child. They're finding them on the internet through social media. And I believe we kind of talked about this before we even came on the show. They're manipulating them on social media. They're looking for that child that's saying, hey, I'm not getting along with my mom. I'm not getting along with my dad. And they're posing at someone else and saying, hey, I'm not getting along with my mom. I'm not getting along with my dad too. And I'm really a 14-year-old girl also. But in reality, I'm not a 14-year-old girl. Yeah, you're a 40-year-old man. Wow, listen, we have so much more to talk about. So we've got to take a break. And I'm hoping that you guys will stay with us and be with us when we come right back. We'll just be gone for a minute. Thanks. And Aloha. My name is Calvin Griffin, the host of Hawaii Uniform. And every Friday at 11 o'clock here on Think Tech Hawaii, we bring in the latest in what's happening within the military community. And we also invite all of your response to things that's happening here. For those of you who haven't seen the program before, again, we invite your participation. We're here to give information, not disinformation. And we always enjoy response from the public. But join us here, Hawaii Uniform, Fridays, 11 a.m. here on Think Tech Hawaii. Aloha. Aloha. I am Howard Wigg. I am the proud host of Cold Green for Think Tech Hawaii. I appear every other Monday at 3. And I have really, really exciting guests on the exciting topic of energy efficiency. Hope to see you there. Hello. Welcome back to Finding Respect in the Chaos. I'm Cynthia Lee Sinclair. And I'm here with Jade and Jasmine Baker. And we are talking about some really important stuff that Hawaii needs to know about. We've got a little video we want to show you. We're talking about human trafficking. And this video is going to give you a little insight into just exactly what's going on with human trafficking here in Hawaii. We're working with what we have. And I was like, what do we have? And she's like, your body. I didn't know about sex trafficking until I was in the middle of it. After a while, you just kind of get used to it. Like, everything that goes around just doesn't seem out of ordinary to you. We really believed that she was getting ready to be sold. Brianna comes from a small town, was an ace student, did everything you hoped your daughter would do. My dreams were to become a nurse. While I was in high school, I had found a waitressing job. I love school. I love being around my friends. And my science class was like my big thing. These traffickers or pimps, they pretend to be an older boyfriend. And these young girls actually fall in love with these guys and believe that this guy loves them back. He was like 24. He played football at a university. He had bought me some designer jeans and things. Go to like movies and malls, trips, stuff like that. He bought me a dress and some jewelry because I didn't really have stuff like that. It's important for the Pimp or the trafficker to separate these girls from their family and their friends. He really gave me the courage to kind of stand up to my mom. He was like, you know, just kind of keep it on the down low. One day he asks for something and even though she doesn't want to do it, she's so worried about losing him that she will. And once he's had her do it once, he pretty much can control her from then on. He kept saying that he needed money. I was like, you know, I'll help you or whatever. I made a choice that night, but I found out that they actually had chosen me. Oh, now that's a video that'll wake you up, right? Oh my goodness. That's impressive stuff. So you know what I was thinking while we were watching that is that it's not just girls. It's guys that are victims too, right? Boys are victimized also. Absolutely. And it's not just men that are the traffickers. It's women too, right? Absolutely. 46% are women. 46%. 46%. Wow. I wouldn't think it was that high. Oh yes. Definitely. Most people think it's just men and that's the myth that we like to distill so that people know that it's 46% women and they're more trusting than men. Right? Sure. The women number is so huge is that it's a lot of the women that were sex trafficked. That's what I was wondering. I was wondering if they were victims to begin with and then they just got put in that position to go get more victims as opposed to just being one themselves. Oh my gosh, I can't even imagine that. The guilt, talk about shame compounded with guilt. Oh yes. Oh my, I can't even imagine ever coming back out of that.  Yeah, it's still in them. It's hard to come out of. Yeah. It's not that easy. Yeah. It completely changes everything that you know and then the shame of you wouldn't want anyone to know that this had happened or that you were walking the streets, walking hotel streets at night or something. And then the money in it too. That's the other piece Cynthia. There's money. Right.  Next to guns and drugs, this is what, a billion dollar industry. Thirty-two billion dollars. Thirty-two billion dollars for sex trafficking? Yes. Wow. Next to guns and drugs. And we like to use this analogy whenever we're discussing this in schools. Look at a gun. You can purchase a gun once and throw it away after. Look at drugs. You can use it once, throw it away after. But look at a human being. You can purchase them over and over and over again and profit off of that being multiple times. We need to get respect back in this world, right? Absolutely. You know, when I came up with the title for this show, it wasn't randomly done. You know, I'm really looking for respect. We've got to find respect out there on this chaos because there's just so much chaos. Yes. And I'm afraid that our political climate, unfortunately, right now is not doing anything to help stop it. Victimizing women, it seems to be the part and parcel of what's going on in Washington right now. And it's wild because you see some of them have to step down and they lose their jobs. And then we got one that gets to be president and another one that gets to be on the highest court in our land. So women's rights are under attack in many, many ways. And we need to join together and work really hard to fight against this stuff.  Yes. That's a big thing, right? Yes. That's part of it. We can vote some of this out. I know I work the polls every year. I'm working this year, too. Are you? Yes. With my legacy club at Radford. Oh, very cool. Very cool. I think everyone should at least experience it once, where you go out and you volunteer in the polls. And you really get a feel for the whole process of it, you know? And I think that's an important thing, especially for somebody young like you. I think that's awesome. It's like, you know, after Marjorie Stoneman Douglas, did I get their name of the right school? Marjorie Stoneman Douglas or the one in Florida where they had the big shooting just not too long ago. And all the kids came out, right? And they're still. Florida is huge. I mean, these kids are going everywhere. Vote, vote, vote. If you're 18, boy, you are signed up and you are voting on Tuesday, which I think is really important. Absolutely. Here in Hawaii, we have one of the lowest turnouts for votes. The 2016 election, there was almost nobody. We sat there all day and it's a really, it's a big polling spot where I am out in Haula. That's a really big spot where we have a lot of people that live out there and not a lot of polls. So there's a lot of people come there. Right. It's almost nobody. It was just crazy. There wasn't any lines or wasn't it? And I thought, wow. You know, and in this democratic state, I mean, it's like, we really need to get our voices out there because right now, unfortunately, the Republicans are really making changes that are going to hurt us long term. And I think it's important for everyone to stand up and use their voice in whatever way.  I want us all to come together and I want to go back to the way it was when we could all have differences of opinion, but we could all sit down and talk about it. And now it seems like the shift has come to we have differences of opinions and we can't speak to each other anymore. And that's one of the things that, you know, puts a silence blocker on every subject, including this one. Oh, yes. Right? So it's like, yeah, we don't, we don't want that. We want everyone's voice to be heard. Absolutely. And I think that's such an important thing. I think we have another slide we can show, right? About exactly who the traffickers are and exactly what they do. Let us know about that. So the previous video that you saw was called Chosen and it's by the shared hope international movement and it, their focus is geared towards human trafficking on the international scale. So not just the U.S., which is perfect for me in my opinion, but Chosen is a perfect example of the Romeo technique, which is what my mom said before. And the Romeo technique is basically where the trafficker is presenting themselves as a love interest. And it's a perfect technique for especially children my age that are looking for acceptance, love, and they just want to feel happy. And special. Yes. Right. They want to feel important. Absolutely. Yes, exactly. And they want to be heard. So I imagine that Romeo at first is very, you know, listens and complements and tells them what they want to hear. And buying and showering them with gifts. In the beginning. Exactly. But if it's too good to be true, then it's probably not true. It's probably not true. That is, that's probably one of the best things you could say. You know, we don't have much time left. So do you guys have, do you have one last thing that you'd like to tell our viewers today? Definitely. So if you would go to the next slide, it's the national emergency number. So up on the top you have the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. That's presented right there. The National Human Trafficking Hotline. And just 9-1-1, if you feel that you're in a tough position, just, you can never fail with 9-1-1. Right. Absolutely. 9-1-1 is go straight to 9-1-1 and have a policeman show up. And now they've got laws that will help support these kids. Yes. And that's the important thing. I want to thank you guys so much for, first off, just what you're doing is we need more people like you. Thank you. And hopefully you're going to go out there and multiply.  I would like to offer whatever I can do to help if there's anything you guys need. And I want you to come back to, I want you to come back and I want you to keep us posted about what you're doing, how it's going, where you're going from there, all that kind of stuff like that. So I just want to thank you so much, Jade, Jasmine. I look forward to having you guys back again. And I want to thank everybody else for coming in and joining us here today. I'm Cynthia Lee Sinclair. This is Finding Respect in the Chaos on Think Tecawaii and I hope you'll join me again for my next show.


Hey guys and girls, good morning. It's theCUBE, the leader in live tech coverage. This is the beginning of day two of our coverage of Snowflake Summit. Lisa Martin here with Dave Vellante, George Gilbert. They're going to be connecting the dots of Snowflake's roadmap. They did a great breaking analysis piece last week. If you haven't seen it, we're going to be double clicking into that now. Dave, George, good morning. Good to see you guys. Yeah, it's quiet in here because everybody's in the keynote. Everyone's still in the keynote. We're going to be talking about the future of enterprise data apps. Dave, kick us off. What's the overall summary of the breaking analysis that you and George just published? Well, George and I started, we've collaborated for many years, but we really started upping our game in the last several months. And we started with taking a deep dive into data bricks and looking at their stack and some of the potential disruption scenarios there. And then we took that to the next level with Snowflake. We did a lot of research and tried to better understand what to expect here. Without any hints, we had no NDAs from Snowflake, but we did have a lot of discussions with customers and other executives and technologists. And then we also went way ahead of the future with Uber. We had Uday, Kieran, Medesedion, to look at the future of data apps as the combination of people, places and things and the digital representation of your business, the digital twin, if you will, and how do you turn that into something that the database would understand in real time at scale. And so we sort of trying to lay out what the landscape looks like. And I guess I would say this, George, this notion at the high level of all data, all workloads is kind of the high level messaging that you get from the likes of Frank Slutman. You know, very good, very strong, very powerful. But when you talk to the technical people, you go deep, they really are solid. They give you a sense as to how they did this, built this platform. The challenge that we've had, I think that many people have is when you listen to their product announcements, it's a very stovepipe. It's ironic that they're trying to break down all these silos, these data silos, but their middle messaging, their product messaging is a very, very stovepipe. And it's sometimes hard to connect the dots. It's like, on the one hand, it's great that we get the fire hose of announcements from Christian Kleinerman, but they don't do a great job of describing their real advantage, George, which is the integration. So maybe you could take a stab at that. So you teed this up perfectly, because if I wanted to take a before and after image, the before image would be like Amazon Web Services when Werner Vogels got up 18 months ago at Reinvent and he puts up this slide of all 200 Amazon services and he's like, you know, you guys are telling us this is complicated, but it's your fault. You asked for all this choice and power. And what Snowflake is doing is taking that slide and integrating all those capabilities so you're not trying to stuff together a bunch of piece parts that didn't fit. Now to be specific, you know, Benoit started out by saying, look, from day one we built this data flow engine. It wasn't a SQL data warehouse. It was a data flow engine that could have multiple personalities to talk to it and that it in turn could talk to multiple data types. And that in a nutshell is their huge value add because no one else really has that. And just to elaborate really quickly, so they started with SQL, then they added data frames. So all Python programmers, which now may be more numerous than SQL programmers, they can access the same capabilities. Then they're teasing out search. This was the Niva acquisition so that you can talk in natural language and underneath it can generate a SQL query. It can also generate a query to talk to documents and then pull the query result together and integrate it. Then there is another way of talking to the data is the traditional like scikit-learn, the old supervised machine learning libraries. But then there's another one which they showed with NVIDIA where with generative AI and some packaged machine learning models that NVIDIA has. Which would be NLP. Yes, the NLP, but also stuff like recommenders so that out of the box you can do really, really advanced models. So let me stop you for a second. Because this is complicated for a lot of people, me included. So you have many ways to query the data. You've got SQL, which is classic, that's kind of where they started. You said data frames, explain what data frames are. Data frames are more forgiving than SQL. The data frame is the way Python programmers they talk to their data to find out what's in there and to explore it and to clean it. It's more forgiving, but data frame can generate SQL, but it's a different interface. Okay, and then NIVA gives you search and the ability to search documents, they showed a lot of that today. But it's not just documents, but NIVA can then generate a SQL query. So you can talk in natural language, but it can outcome come a precise SQL query. So in natural language, out in language that a database will understand like SQL, which is very flexible. And then supervised machine learning libraries, which is, correct me if I'm wrong, but that's kind of Databricks strength, right? Right, and Databricks was built to a whole tool chain and language for supervised machine learning. To clean the data, to do the feature engineering, to train the models, to serve the models. And then what we learned from NVIDIA, talking to Christian and then the head of enterprise at NVIDIA was that basically this is a whole reset because we're doing a generational transition from supervised machine learning, the traditional way to generative AI as unsupervised or trains itself basically. Okay, so you got many ways to query. Now let's talk about the many data types. What you I think referred to as pluggable storage. Explain what that means. And Snowflake will talk in terms of unstructured, semi-structured and structured data. But the technology beneath that, I mean everybody understands that, which is good that they communicate at that level. But to make it work, there's specifics around different database types, different storage types. Explain the various options that exist there that they've supported. Even with structured data, when you want to do analytics, slice and dice, you store it one way in columnar format. But when you want to do transactions and they're, I guess, close to shipping that one, Unistore. Unistore. We're waiting for Unistore. Waiting for Godot and Unistore. So you store that in rows, but it's a very different database beast. It's not just a reorganization. So that's one, those are two pluggable storage types. So great, sorry. Rows and columns. Rows and columns. And analytics and OLAP. OLAP and transactions. And that's no mean feat. But to that they're adding, they can now pull in streaming data and land it in a table. And then they can join across these different table types with dynamic tables, which could be updated from a stream and updated from reference data. That's very powerful. And then they're adding vector data, which is when you bring in documents, you want to shred them and you want to turn them into a format that's machine readable. And a vector database example would be Pinecone, right? That's something that they... That's a vector database. And then they can also do vector search. Vector database is more full-featured. So yes, that's another version. And then there's graph data, which is like when you want to do customer 360 or security or supply chain, you want all the links in the data preserved. You don't want to flatten it into a table. Relational AI would be an example of a hybrid graph. But it's a graph, but it just can do join. So that means that it's more expressive than you get with the traditional relational. But the problem with graph databases is you don't have the query flexibility and that's what relational AI is trying to solve. Right, exactly. Okay, so we've got OLAP, we've got OLTP slash transaction data streaming. It sounds like they're actually creating another data type when they do these joins with dynamic table. That's like sort of a... Well, the result is one relational table, but it's pulling from different table types. Okay, so it ends up in relational form, but the magic is that they're able to pull from those different types than vector, than graph. Okay, so you've got many ways to query, you've got many data types. Okay, setup question. Well, so does Amazon. That is a setup question. Okay, so go back to Werner's slide with the 200 services. Now just take out the 12 operational databases, not that analytic databases. There's like 12 operational databases. And each one has a programming model. Each one has its own data format. In fact, the data format is bolted inside the database. Here, the data formats are increasingly open so that there are multiple ways to get at them. And then, so there you would have to extract, reformat and import to move between just the operational databases. Then you've got the analytic databases. They don't even tie the data lake and data warehouse together all that well. The one thing I will say though here that there's one wrinkle in the story and it's not a technical wrinkle. It's that if you want to put all your data in the data cloud and then operate on it through their engine, there is a compute cost. There's overhead and with their markup of the infrastructure some customers are finding that expensive. So let's explain this. So Snowflake, like very Amazon like, they want you to put all the data into the Snowflake data cloud and the reason is and the value for the customers if you do that, Snowflake can promise the governance and the security and all the irrespective of which partner is there. As long as they're conforming to that Snowflake standard just like the app store, that's the analogy. The problem you're saying is that if you do that and you do the compute and all the cleansing and the data engineering inside of Snowflake it gets really, really expensive. Why would it be cheaper to do it elsewhere? Well, where else would you do it that would be cheaper? Would you do it on-prem? Would you do it in another cloud? You could do it on-prem or I think what's happening is people are doing it on S3 and they might have some special purpose tool that essentially does the data ETL or ELT in S3 because then it's just cheaper. Data prep in S3 and this is why you still need folks like Informatica. Right. Okay, or other ETL vendors of Matillion is another example of some folks we had on before. Okay, so that's the one little net and you've talked to some customers that have said and even some partners that say, well, this is the reality is we have to be really careful especially in this day and age. Okay, so where's that leave us? Let me say it this way. In my mind anyway, George, let's call it four. Let's call it five, major platform players. You got three that are dominant in machine learning and AI, you've got AWS, Google, and now Microsoft given that they did the reach around with open AI, you know, brilliant business move. So those three obviously very, very popular and they all have data platforms. And then you've got Snowflake and Databricks. So how do you see the horses on the track? Okay, so this is where it really did get interesting in the last six to nine months where Databricks was pretty much far and away the leader in the tool chain for supervised machine learning. They built the whole company around that. And Amazon had a pretty good tool chain with SageMaker but it was like Amazon, it's kind of disjointed but the functionality of each piece was pretty good. Google had a very good coherent product line. Microsoft, this was weird. Microsoft stopped adding functionality to their machine learning tool set like two or three years ago. Because you suspect, right? I thought something was odd because it's too strategic for them to give up. So what they were doing was, they knew two or three years ago they were going to get serious about open AI and generative AI. And they said in true Microsoft fashion, look, we lost this generation. Let's get a head start on the next generation. So it's not just that they did a deal with open AI, it's but that they built the new tool chain to support that. Okay, and so, oh. Please carry through. Okay, so the data bricks, I looked at the Mosaic ML acquisition. When I read it, I was actually stunned because they didn't buy like a tool chain that corporates would really use to help build generative AI models. That's like any scale system software almost. It's one level above that or it's like a really thin piece of operating system software that helps you run these really large, long running jobs to train models. Corporates don't do that. They fine tune models. Corporates don't train models from scratch. So then that says that the data bricks is targeting a different audience then with this acquisition. Either that or they needed it so that they could train their own and then offer these to be fine tuned by their customers. Training these from scratch is going to be done by like Bloomberg and maybe a couple dozen companies in the Department of Defense. That's not a mainstream activity. You're going to take pre-trained ones and tune them and so data bricks needs tools for that. Now in fairness, so you're actually headed to the data bricks conference. So you know, look, when you're at these conferences, like my friend Andy Turis says, these companies are really good at telling stories. And so you have the bias, the recency bias. I'm really curious as to talk to you on Friday and see what you think about what you learned at data bricks. Do you have a question? Yeah, well you guys in the breaking analysis, that's on siliconangle.com, you talked about the presence of data bricks in Snowflake accounts in vice versa. Talk about maybe the synergies there that some of you did a great compare and contrast but obviously Snowflake customers are using data bricks in vice versa. So prior to the battle between these two companies I'll just say, the new workload that was emerging was you had AWS cloud infrastructure and you had Snowflake data warehouse at the time, simplified data warehouse and you had data bricks machine learning and AI coming together as a new emergent workload. This is probably 2015, 16, 17 in that timeframe. And we thought at the time that that was sort of this new ecosystem forming but then both data bricks and Snowflake raised boatloads of money and realized the TAM is a lot larger. And so now what you have is Snowflake with very strong data management, simplified data cloud, data warehouse moving up to applications, a super cloud, et cetera, and trying to get into machine learning and data engineering, data science. You've heard a lot of announcements here to that respect. At the same time you have data bricks from that ML AI at data engineering heritage getting into the traditional space of analytics and data warehouse with Lake House and there are other capabilities. So the overlap is very high in those accounts. It's higher, there are more Snowflake accounts inside data bricks accounts but that's because there's more Snowflake accounts out there than the reverse. But in both cases very, very high overlap, 30, 40% type of overlap. So I would add to that that they're not complete substitutes yet. That the Python functionality that Snowflake has shown still needs to mature like where we got a heads up that they might be doing something along the lines of what Ponder has done with a complete pandas API running on Snowflake. As soon as that's available as an Anaconda library, any customer can use that. But right now Snowpark is fully featured for doing like the data engineering pipelines as data bricks. And the other thing is that because data bricks runs on a data lake, the compute cost and the compute overhead of doing your data engineering, the pipelines, the ET-LELT, it's cheaper still on data bricks which is why you might still see overlap. Ah, to your earlier point, if you do it inside of Snowflake, it gets more expensive. So data bricks, very interesting company. But we talked about the key elements of their stack in the piece that we wrote. You sort of helped us frame that. The Delta Lake, the Spark Execution Engine, the Photon, which is the BI warehouse and the AI ML2 chain, which is their wheelhouse. And the core capability, some of the strengths and weaknesses and the threats to each of those. The conclusion was there are a lot of disruptions potentially coming at them. So they've got a lot of critical decisions to make. Now, I actually have a lot of confidence that their team is very good and they'll make whatever acquisitions they need to make and they'll evolve that. They've got a lot of resources. They've got a lot of loyal customers. But this sort of sets up this really interesting battle. But I want to bring in AWS and Google. Because I'll point out that AWS for years has sort of copied some of Snowflake's move. They separated compute from storage as an example, which really was kind of a bolt-on, if you recall.  And they did that by tiering, you know, to tiering the less active storage. But it was again, I mean, it was based upon, you know, an on-prem stack that they licensed perpetually. You're not perpetually, they basically bought it out. What was the company they- PowerXL. PowerXL, right. And then, you know, Google, on the other hand, has a cloud-native data platform with BigQuery. You know, Google, the thing about Google, I love your thoughts on both of those companies. They want to keep the others out. They want to kind of force customers to use their ML. If you want Google AI, you kind of got to use BigQuery. Right, so they're more, so Snowflake will tell you, they're more expensive in GCP. And that's, I think, by design. It's like, you know, Oracle is more expensive in Amazon. If you're going to be on GCP, you're very well-served using BigQuery and the Vertex whole AI tool chain. In fact, those are the main reasons to use GCP. That's it. Yeah, so that's not, that's why I don't think Snowflake has a ton of momentum in GCP. They do have momentum in Microsoft. Explain why, why would Microsoft be a better fit? Because Microsoft, well, for one, GCP doesn't have much presence in the enterprise. They just, they never had a big footprint. They're a consumer company for the most part there. Even with SQL Server? No, I'm talking about GCP. Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, sorry. And then with Microsoft, their data platform in Azure was always fragmented. And this is the first time with Fabric, and Synapse as the core engine, that they at least standardized the table format. They standardized on delta tables. And the reason they did that is because Databricks had something like 40% of all VMs running on Azure were Databricks, meaning all the data on Azure was belonging to Databricks. So Microsoft is trying to co-opt that data and say, use our analytic engines. And we'll partner with Databricks. So between the two of us, we'll try and get everyone into delta tables and then we'll compete on the quality of our analytic engines. So that's their play, but neither of them have this core engine that Snowflake has, which is we can handle all your analytic types and all your operational workloads. That's an integration level where Snowflake has gone one level above, not just the data format, but now the engines. So Monday night, Frank Slutman interviewed Jensen Wong from NVIDIA, and the next day the stock popped, went up 3.5, 4%. I don't know, I wasn't at Investor's Day and I think it was yesterday. So whatever Frank and Mike Scarpelli said, impressed investors, it's up again, another seven points today, the stock's up 4%. So they liked what they heard, even though the ETR data shows a smaller percentage of new logos currently, a higher percentage of those customers that are spending flat and even a higher percentage of those customers spending less or defecting, their churn is still very, very small, but the red is growing, the gray, which is flat-spending- The red is churn. Is churn and or spend less. The gray, which is spending flat, is growing pretty noticeably. The green, which is spending more, is declining, it's compressing, and the bright green, which is new logos, is definitely, is down to like 15%, whereas it was much higher. Now, I know just in listening and observing these guys, they don't incentivize this, and I could ask Frank, look at this, they don't incentivize their sales teams on new logos. They incentivize them on finding companies, their incentive is essentially consumption, right? They have a consumption model if they can incentivize their customers, their reps and their customers to consume, that's a goodness, which I don't know if that's a blind spot or not.  However, to your point, there's competition. But the competition now is within an account, like maybe we go back to the old model where you used something like Hadoop to do the pipeline and get the data ready, and then you used the data warehouse or now the data platform for doing the interactive query or now applications, but there's a big business in the data pipeline, and that's where they're not really cost competitive. Okay, now come back to roadmap. So connect the dots. So we have this, we have many ways. We have this all data, all workloads platform. You have many data types, many ways to query. The magic is it's all integrated. So where does it go from here? Okay, so this was where the analyst day was really helpful, especially when we got to talk to some of the product guys, whether it was Benoit or Christian or Chris Child. And right now they're consolidating really their hold on all the data management functionality. They're sort of reclaiming the glory days of Oracle, where it's managed not only all your operational data, but all your analytic data. Of course they wrestle at that example, but it's true. But Oracle, I refer to that in a good sense. In a dominant, they won the war. But what Oracle never did was they never got to the next level, which was to be the platform for applications. So they just bought the applications and ran them on their own platform. But before that, so what SAP and PeopleSoft did was they built their own application servers and they put the application logic in that layer. And BEA came along and you put your application logic in that layer for web apps. What Snowflake doesn't want to let happen is an application platform to emerge above them. And they know this issue. They're taking care of the data first, but they realize that to the issue we've been talking about, they need this semantic layer. They need a workflow model that's really rich because then they know how to translate from what a developer talks about what you started with, which is the people places things and the database knows about strings and it's the platform engine that optimizes the difference and translates between things and strings. So those people places things that digital twin of your business, they could be represented by many, many data types. Unstructured rows, columns, documents, vector data, knowledge graphs, et cetera. But that translation. And then the semantic layer creates that translation so that all those data elements are coherent. And the owner of that semantic layer is going to be a very powerful lever. If it's inside a snowflake, then they're going to maintain control. If it's not inside a snowflake and it's a third party, then that data is going to be accessible to a lot of other folks. Now, it won't necessarily have the governance and security promise that snowflake delivers, but it will be available in a coherent fashion. And snowflake doesn't want to let that happen, I would presume. You could implement the governance at the application layer. And this is what relational AI, this was- Which would create more stovepipes. Well, no, because of the semantic layer would- They would be the unifying layer. They would be the unifying layer. Okay, so one of the comments you've made to me is that, and I think evolved your thinking on this, is your inference was that snowflake are thinking like database people, which of course, they came out of Oracle, the other database, but as you speak, as we speak to more people, it's obvious that they're bringing in talent that has more of an application mindset, not sort of a database mindset. Is that a fair assertion? I think that the mindset to date has been, let's get all the data and manage it. And now it's like, okay, so what do we need to do next? Wow, that was a master class in breaking down the breaking analysis. Published on siliconangle.com, just search for snowflake summit breaking analysis. You'll find it at the top link. Dave, you've got Frank Slutman, we've got a great lineup of snowflake executives, customers, partners, we're going to be digging into all sorts of things today. Dave, what are you looking forward to with your one-on-one with Frank Slutman who's coming on in about an hour? I want to know what happened to investor day, what he said. I can't believe he said anything new, but an investor day, and it's available. It's all public information, you can watch it, but they get open. They talk a little bit about the competition, and they talk about why, they feel like they've got the right point of view, so I want to understand what's happened there, and I want to test this thesis a little bit that you've got the top level messaging, which is right on, you've got the technical foundation, which is extremely solid, and then sort of what's missing is that middle piece, and make sure that we are understanding this correctly. I want to get Frank's point of view on that. All right, that sounds great. We want to thank you for watching our Connect the Dots of Snowflakes Roadmap. Up next, we have a full day of coverage on theCUBE for you, as I mentioned. We've got Amanda Kelly from Streamlet coming on with customer power school. They're going to be talking about how Streamlet is helping power school to really transform the K-12 experience from the front office to the classroom to the home. As I mentioned, the breaking analysis is published on siliconangle.com as is all of our analysis and editorial content. And of course, you can find all of our CUBE content from Snowflake and other events on cube.net. We'll see you in a few minutes with our next guest. You're watching theCUBE, the leader in live tech event coverage.


Hey, Psych2Goers! Welcome back to another video. We would like to give you a big thank you for all the support you've given us. Psych2Go's mission is to make psychology and mental health more accessible to everyone. Now, back to the video. Have you ever wondered about the best way to maintain a good relationship? What keeps a relationship active and healthy? While it's important to have good chemistry with someone, it's also important to put in work and effort into your relationship. It can get difficult at times, so it's important you and your partner have good habits in your relationship for it to grow and flourish. Before we begin, we'd like to mention that while this video covers some features of healthy relationships, it's normal that not everyone fulfills all these points. It is also possible that there may be some methods out there that this video did not mention. With that said, Psych2Go shares with you 8 healthy habits of a relationship. 1.  Closeness and trust often go hand in hand. Handholding, hugging, cuddling, and kissing are all engagements of physical contact that may help reassure each other of your love for each other. It's a silent and implicit way to let your partner know you're there for them and that you love them. 2.  Holding judgment and keeping an open mind is important for you to engage in an honest conversation with them. Instead of letting your unresolved feelings fester up inside, it's important to cultivate a safe space where both of you are unafraid to speak up about problems in your relationship. 3. You emotionally bond with them Are you able to laugh together or talk about your feelings with each other? Any strong relationship needs a solid foundation of emotional bonding. Whether it's by laughing and being silly together or having deep discussions about life, being able to be emotionally intimate with your partner is really important and a good sign of a healthy relationship. 4. You make up after arguments Are you stubborn at times and refuse to make up after a fight? Or do you own up to your mistakes and go the extra mile to make things okay? It's important to learn how to make amends with your partner after an argument. Fighting is what produces distance and often leads to breakups, so a strong relationship involves not holding grudges and a willingness to admit when you're wrong. 5.  Having mutual respect and appreciation is one of the keys to maintaining a healthy relationship. It can be easy to take someone for granted and forget to show them how much you care. So, it's important to be thankful and appreciate all the things you do for each other to maintain a healthy relationship. 6. You see a future together Do you actually see a future with your partner? Knowing that you'll always be together through thick and thin and maintaining that kind of faith is a big deal. Life throws curveballs often when you least expect them, so being able to count on your partner to be there by your side every step of the way is important for a strong relationship. 7. You balance housework Do you do all the chores in the house? Whether it's about doing chores or running errands, balance is key in a relationship. Maybe you're more experienced in cooking than your partner, so maybe they could wash the dishes or vacuum the floor instead. If housework or tasks that should be done by the both of you are always being completed by only you or your partner, feelings of resentment may arise and cause problems in your relationship. 8. You give each other personal space Do you have time and space for yourself that is away from your partner? While closeness and intimacy are important in a relationship, it's also crucial to have boundaries. Despite having a close connection, you and your partner also need personal space as well. The first time together may lead to feelings of frustration or resentment. Therefore, a healthy relationship requires a balance between the time you spend yourself and with your partner. Are you in a relationship? What habits do you form to make it last? Psych2Go would love to hear your thoughts, so please leave a comment down below. If you enjoyed this video, please like and share with others who may find it helpful too. Don't forget to subscribe to Psych2Go and hit the notification bell icon for more videos. All the references used are also added in the description box below. And as always, thank you for watching and we'll see you in our next video.