This is stock number 9398. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, your new and used heavy-duty truck headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean 2015 Ram 2500 Crew Cab Short Box. This truck has a 6.7 liter Cummins diesel. From this HD video, you will be able to tell that this truck is like new all the way around. Dark forest green is the color. It has factory polished aluminum rims. Goodyear Wrangler LT 27570 R18 Duratrak tires. And these tires have just about all the tread left. Frame and underbody on this truck is in excellent shape. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p, so if you have HD capabilities on your computer, tablet or smartphone device, turn them on right now because it's like you're right here looking at the truck with me. Passenger side rim is in excellent condition as well. No scuffs or scrapes. And as we go down this side of the truck, you can see just how glass-like and mirror-like that paint is. How clean that body is. We take these HD videos so if you're far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down, you can still see the truck, hear the truck and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here. No dents, no dings down this side of the truck. Factory chrome step bars. The back rim is in excellent condition as well. We sell a lot of these trucks out of state, so that's why we do the videos. We want to make sure our customers get the most accurate representation of the vehicle as possible so that when they get here, there's absolutely no surprises. And that's why we do sell so many out of state, but we want you to have confidence in that you're dealing with the right people and the right vehicle. As we go around to the back here, the rear bumper is absolutely perfect. No dents or dings on that rear bumper. Tailgate, same thing. No dents or dings on that. You can see just how glass-like that is and you can just get a hint of that dark forest green metal flake in the paint there. It is green, but it's really a dark green there. You can see it with the sun shining on it, but really cool color. This one has bed rails in it for a fifth wheel. The bed itself is in really nice clean condition. No major dents or dings. Has a locking tailgate and a backup camera as well as backup sensors. And as you go down this side of the truck, just as clean as the passenger side, I didn't see any dents or dings down this side. Very, very nice truck inside and out. Inside the big horn package gives you the gray cloth interior. There are no rips or tears on these seats. Absolutely perfect. Both of these seats are heated. Power driver's seat, factory lumbar, factory floor mats throughout, power windows, power locks and power mirrors. This one has auto headlamps. And as we go inside the truck here, you can see that it has 33,944 miles. You get a compass temperature and outside and a digital speedometer. Also, you've got mileage on there. This one has dual climate control. This is where you can control your heated seats and your steering wheel. You can also do it down here. Factory brake controller. Also do your climate control down here. Turned out four-wheel drive, six-speed automatic transmission. This one has the 911 and assist buttons, which come with that 8.4 touchscreen radio. And it also has the power sliding rear window. Headliner is absolutely perfect. Passengers side seat, very clean as well. And hopefully we can get our focus back here. There we go. Very clean inside and out on this truck. And we'll take a quick look at the back seats and then we'll check out under the hood. I don't believe this truck's ever been smoked in. Smells very clean inside. Back seats are just as clean as the front seats. No rips or tears back here. Power slide and rear window. These seats fold up. There is a load floor here. What that's for is that if you've got muddy boots or tools, you can put stuff on there. Not going to wreck your seats or get them dirty. Also if you've got little kids, they can put their feet on there. Storage underneath the seats. And then you have in-floor storage on both sides. One on each side. Very nice feature. Latch child safety system for the car seats. And we'll take a quick look under the hood. Also has the fold out tail mirrors. They fold out like that. They're heated and they also fold in. Under the hood we have the 6.7 liter Cummins diesel engine base. Very clean runs. Very smooth. This truck has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop. Has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. The truck has been gone through mechanically 100% and is 100% ready to go. To see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 400 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, ringlers, halftones, three-quarter tons, one-tons unit, we got it.  Videos of every single used vehicle that we have all at summitauto.com. Thank you so much for checking out the video. If you want to make this super clean 2015 Ram 2500 years, give us a call right now,<PHONE_NUMBER>. Ask for one of our sales associates to make this truck yours today. Once again, that number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. Thanks again. If you want to check out more videos, go to youtube.com slash summitauto. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on this and all those videos. In fact, in a second you'll see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on the left to get updates on all the incoming inventory on our used end every day. On the right, a link to more heavy duty truck videos like this one if you haven't been to our website. On the bottom, a link to this truck on our website. Click those, check us out. We really look forward to helping you with this super clean 2015 Ram 2500 crew cab short box. Thanks again.


Hi, I'm Mike DeSuma. I'm the Public Information Officer here at the Columbia Eribson Fire Department. I'm here today to talk to you a little bit about the recruiting opportunities we have here at the department right now for new firefighters. Currently we're in the midst of our open hiring period where we're going to be testing applicants for our firefighter position on April 28th and 29th. So basically if you'd like to be considered for testing to be a firefighter, get your application in today. We're looking for people who are at least 18 years of age, have a high school diploma or GED and a valid driver's license, but most importantly we're looking for people who have a passion for serving their community and serving others. There's many different aspects of emergency situations we have here in Columbia and Richland County, fires, car accidents and we need people who are willing to jump on a fire truck and go help their fellow citizens in times of need. Basically the one thing we want to hit home to people is this is not just a job, it's an opportunity to have a lifelong career that's going to take you many many years here at the fire department. You can promote within our ranks and rise to new ranks of leadership and really learn a lot of valuable skills you can apply to other professions. It's definitely a challenging job, it's definitely an exciting job and if you think you're right for it we encourage you to apply. All you got to do to apply is go to www.columbiasc.gov and click on the job opportunities button. There you'll be able to search our career portal, search for a firefighter and you'll have the firefighter positions come up. If you're new to the profession you apply for the non-certified firefighter position.


Hello and welcome to this webinar. My name is John Hitchman. I'm the Student Advisor, Immigration and Finance at SOAS with my colleague Shontel Buñez. She works in master's admissions and she's involved with the immigration side of the admissions department and we're here today to talk about tier four general student visa applications and how to make them outside the UK. The presentation lasts about 15 to 20 minutes and if you have any questions throughout if you'd like to type them into the chat screen and then at the end of the presentation we'll answer your questions so feel free to tap them in but we'll get to them at the end of this 15 minute presentation. If you find that you're having technical problems viewing the webinar you may want to try opening the link in a different browser so it may work better in another type of browser. So I'm going to start the presentation now and then as I said any questions you have throughout just tap them into the chat box. Okay so that's me Student Advisor, Immigration and Finance. My name is on the front of that car and this is a web link on this web page on the SOAS website. We have some very detailed guidance that will help you with the tier four application that will help you in two different ways. One of the guidance documents there is going to take you on a step-by-step route through the questions. The questions that you're going to be asked on the online application form and it will tell you where to find this for and how to complete it and any difficult questions there the answers will be there or explain how to answer them for your situation. And then the other bit of guidance we have there is going to tell you about the documents that you need to make your tier four application. This will be things like bank statements or financial documents and we're going to talk about the financial requirements and those documents in quite a lot of detail in this presentation. So you can always view this presentation again, it's going to go off onto YouTube where you'll be sent a link but then please refer to this page for more detailed in-depth guidance. So this is what we're going to be talking about today, making your tier four general student visa application and how you do that, how you make the online application, where can you do that, where should you apply, when should you make your application, what documents do you need, how much money you will need, that's a big important one. We're also going to talk about whether you can bring your family or not and then at the end as I've said if you have questions please tap them into the text box throughout the presentation. Okay so firstly who can apply for tier four student visa? So in order to make a tier four application you must have been accepted an unconditional offer at Sova. So you'll have been sent an unconditional offer by admissions and that means you're not waiting for anything, the results of any any English tests or any qualifications that you're studying, you have all those results in hand and you've been given an unconditional offer. Once you have an unconditional offer then you need 40 points to be granted the visa and now 30 of those points are going to be given to you for having a CAS and that's the thing called confirmation of acceptance for studies and that's a document that you can request from the admissions team. Once you have an unconditional offer but these CASs won't be issued until three months before the start of your program. So our programs are going to be starting at the end of September this year so the CAS issuing process will start at the end of June okay and the 30 points for this CAS document the CAS itself is an electronic document details of which will be emailed to you by the admissions team and the documents created on the UK visas and immigration computer system. So the home office are aware that you're going to apply UK visas and immigration are aware and you have a unique number that you can use for your visa application and then aside from the CAS you also need 10 points for maintenance or money that's what UKVILI refer to as money and we'll talk about how to show that you meet that requirement as we go through. So next how do I apply? So you can use the online application system which as I said we've got guidance telling you how to do it it's pretty straightforward probably take you about about 20 minutes to fill in the application form. You also have to pay the immigration health surcharge this is a charge that's you pay at the end there's part of the payment process in your visa application and it covers the cost of the national health service in the UK. So once you've paid this you're entitled to access healthcare throughout your time here as a student. Now the cost of the immigration health surcharge is currently £150 but it's going to go up to £300 sometime this year we don't know exactly when we believe it may be in September so hopefully if you're applying for a visa to come before September you should pay the small of the lower rate but we can't guarantee that. And then the application fee for the visa is £348 you have to pay that as well or the local equivalent and as part of the process you print a cover sheet and you submit this cover sheet normally by post but sometimes in person we're supporting documents and those documents will include things like your bank statement but we'll talk in more detail about the documents as we go through. You'll also have to submit your biometrics so that means giving a scan of your fingerprints and also a photograph of your face and that will be taken at a visa application centre and then stored on a thing called a BRP which we'll talk about later and you'll also have to do a brief interview which will be done via a secure skype line at the visa application centre. That will be very brief probably about a 10-minute long interview just asking you simple questions like why you decided to study it so as and why you decided to study the United Kingdom but pretty straightforward stuff. And then if you're a national of certain countries you may be required to take a TB test as well to confirm that you don't have tuberculosis and you'll be able to find out whether to do that or not via our guidance. So where can you apply? So you normally apply for your tier 4 visa in your country of nationality so we've got a star next to that. The reason for that is if you have a right of residence in another country so if you're living in a third country, not the United Kingdom, not your country and maybe there is a student or a worker then you can make your visa application there. Now if you're visiting another country as a tourist you won't be able to apply if you have a tourist visa you'll need a right of residence in that other country in order to meet your tier 4 application there. And you can book an appointment at the end of your online application okay that's how you that's how you can go and attend to make the application and you need to read instructions about where to go for that appointment. In some countries that's going to be somewhere quite local to you hopefully it will be quite nearby and then you attend that you give your biometrics as I mentioned you attend the interview which will be done by the Skype line and then you submit the cover sheet the form and supporting documents and at some stage it should be turn around times should be 15 working days for this it can be longer than that occasionally. You will get your 30 day vignette okay and this is a visa that's valid for 30 days allowing you to travel to the United Kingdom in time for your studies. Once in the UK you have 10 days you can go and collect your biometric residence permit which contains your biometric information that you've given and that visa will contain the full length of your visa for the rest of your studies in the UK. When should you apply? So as I mentioned you can apply up to three months before the start of the course so that will be around the end of June for most of our programs will be when you can start applying and before you apply there are certain things you need to think about that are very important so firstly you need to make sure you have all the academic documents that are listed on your CAS to say that these are documents that so as as you use this evidence to give you an offer on the place of the course of study that you're going on to. So maybe if you're doing a master's program you sat an undergraduate degree somewhere else so you might have the degree certificate or the transcript something like that you may also have an English language test that proves you could speak English to a certain level and that will all be listed on your CAS as evidence that there will all be a document you've already provided to so as but you'll need to provide the original document again as proved to get your tier four visa. You also need to make sure you meet the financial requirements and have documents that prove this and this is something that we're going to talk about in a little bit more detail as we go through this application or webinar and so in general the documents you require aside from that would be two passport photos your passport normally just one you may require to submit more than one if you have two valid passports your confirmation of acceptance for study so this isn't a physical document it's an electronic document but you're going to need this email version of the CAS to hand when you fill in your visa application then you're going to need all the qualifications as we mentioned that are listed in your CAS as evidence and then proof of English language ability if it's listed in the CAS so that could be an IELTS test proving that you've got a certain proficiency in English and then you need proof of maintenance which could be bank statements could be something else but we'll talk about that in a bit more detail in a minute now I've mentioned at the bottom here low risk nationals some people are from a country that is classified as they describe it as a differentiation arrangement or you're considered a low risk national so people from these countries don't have to provide the academic and maintenance documents now the guidance and the form you're ticking boxes in the form to say that you have the academic documents and you have the money but it's just that you're not submitting a document so we would advise that you have those documents at home and they're all prepared and ready for action if you need them but actually you're not going to be submitting those okay so the big question really is how much money will you need to show so if your program is longer than eight months in in duration you're going to need to show you the fees for your first year just your first even if it's a three year four year long program and 11385 pounds for maintenance now if your program was less than eight months it will be the full fees excuse me for the first year plus 1265 for each month or partial month so if your program was five and a half months long you need 1265 pounds times six so the partial month five and a half would round it up to six months if your fees are shown as paid on the cash so once you've paid your fees to so as you could have your cash amended to show the fees are paid you don't need any more evidence of that and if you're sponsored or receiving loans then depending on how you get this sponsorship if you're getting some sort of scholarship via SOAS you may have that mentioned on your CAS but if you're receiving loans or a scholarship you're going to need a formal document to confirm that as well and the kind of loan that you get would need to be an official government student loan from your home country and if you are receiving loans or a scholarship if they're not going to cover the full fees plus the amount you require so maybe 11385 if it's more than eight months length of your course then you need to show the remainder in a bank account so the funds that any funds that you don't have from loans or scholarships you show them in a bank account the money could also be held in a bank account of a parent if you're going to use a parent's account you need to have their permission and you need to prove your relationships and by showing a birth certificate as well and any funds that you show in your account or your parent's account have to be held for at least 28 days before the date the apply for your tier 4 application so at least 28 days longer is absolutely fine and then can you bring your family with you yet which you can if you're a postgraduate student on a programme of more than one year in length or if your government sponsored and on a programme of longer than six months and when we talk about family members or dependents the people we're talking or referring to are your husband your wife your unmarried partner or your child under 18 any other family members I'm afraid you can't bring on as a tier 4 dependent but those people could come and visit you on a standard visitor visa and the maintenance for dependent is slightly less so if your programme is more than eight months your dependent would need 7605 pounds that would be for each dependent and if it was less than eight months they'd need 845 pounds for each month or partial month so that's a brief run through as I said there will be a link to this video again you can watch that get an idea of how to apply but we also have our online guidance and if you use all those resources hopefully the visa application should be really straightforward and we will see you at Saras so thanks for listening and now as I mentioned it's time for any questions that you have so I'm going to let Chantel answer this question from Anirag he says currently my offer is labeled as conditional after the submission of the transcript of my last semester and the undergraduate certificate so as and after receiving approval from master's admissions will the offer be translated into unconditional yes as long as you're you know you have been awarded the grade that we mentioned in the in the offer letter then we'll revise the offer and make it a conditional yes from from lina yeah so I'm just reading it at the same time yeah lina you said you've submitted your your request for CAS well we're going through them now we are initially issuing CAS is for students who start early because we have programmes that start at the beginning of September and we also have students that need to attend a processional English course so we are prioritising these ones first and then we go through the the CAS where you know the programmes start on the 24th but as John mentioned even if you have a CAS issue and the programmes start on the 24th of September do not apply now you have to wait until the 24th of June before you can submit your visa application if I apply for a visa in July June says Shruti if I get a visa by mid-July or end of July then the visa is applicable for 30 days do I need to reach within that period so no the 30-day vignette maybe I didn't make that clear enough the 30-day vignette will be will be designed for you to come in the day that you say you're going to travel to the UK based on when your your programme starts so you know normally that would be you could be up to 30 days before the start of your programme if you apply late for your visa and it's less than 30 days till the start of your programme then the vignette will start as soon as it's issued and you'll have a bit of time after the programme start but hopefully that's not going to happen in everybody gets here on time so yeah you know you decide when the 30-day period is it's not it's not just um falls upon you so Manish has said does a dependent visa holder need IELTS results also so now the IELTS results would just be for you the tier 4 applicant Manish your dependents would get a visa just by showing they meet the maintenance requirements and also by proving their relationship to you so after your your your husband wife or unmarried partner of two years or more you prove those relationships or your child would you provide a birth certificate and so on um Anna says if I want to use a step parents statement how do I prove we are related well in terms of a step parent they need to be your legal guardian for UK visas and immigration to accept the statement from them so if they actually are your legal guardian you have a document from a court that confirms that that would be the proof that you need okay otherwise if if that's not feasible it will be a good idea to if they're happy to do this to ask them to transfer the money into your account now and then let it sit in your account for 28 days before you apply um Hassan has mentioned should accommodation fees be mentioned in the CAS or application for home office unfortunately because accommodation fees so as are paid to a third party so our halls are actually run by uh an organization called Century Housing then we can't mention any payments in the CAS so anything you pay towards accommodation can't be deducted from your visa application so the answer today is no I'm afraid and then Hawaii Wing has said when when you say we need to prove the amount of money in our parents bank account is birth papers suitable so yeah a birth certificate would be fine and also a letter from your parent to give permission for you to use their funds as well and then we've got a question from Hannah in order to obtain an unconditional offer from so as do we need to send a hard copy of our diploma by post or is a scan of the original sufficient I'll let um yeah we don't expect our copy because that would be too dangerous if you're sending the post and it's get lost because you wouldn't need that for your visa application anyway so a scan of the original document is sufficient it has to be in color and you send it to master submissions at soas.ac.gov thank you right and Jake says is I always needed if I received the required grade mentioned as a condition for my school's English exam for Chantel I'm not sure whether that's PGT is that an undergrad or post-grad I don't know Jake get back to us and let us know if you're an undergrad or post-grad student and then we can we can advise you about that and then Sara says do I have to take the English proficiency test if I've done the international baccalaureate with English as my first language sometimes we can we can look at the grades that you have in the IB so I would suggest that you send a copy of it and then we will just assess it and then get back to you and let you know and confirm whether you need a notice or not okay and then Rahi says do I need to show a certain amount of money in my personal parents personal bank account even if I'm funded through the SOAS research studentship so essentially if you're funding from the SOAS research studentship it covers your full fees and 11,385 pounds for the first year no you don't and if you that should all be confirmed on your CAS but if the studentship doesn't cover your full 11,385 pounds or the full fees then you'll need to just make up the difference with your own funds so whatever that difference is so Ho Chiang is saying hello John my undergrad transcript will be issued at the beginning of July after submitting my evidence of transcript to get an unconditional offer will it be too late to apply for the tier 4 visa in July or August so no it shouldn't be too late um as I said they they turn around time the UK VI advertises is 15 working days generally they stick to that occasionally in some countries it might take a bit longer but essentially if you had about a month for most people that should be long enough so even if you're applying in August you should just about hopefully have it in time to get here but you know ideally apply as soon as as soon as you're able to really okay Dina says I'm a dual citizen living in a non-low risk country by only hold a low risk country passport can I apply with a low risk student application so yeah that's fine you can use your low risk country passport if that's the passport that you travel on I think yeah I think that's fine you apply as the national of the lowest country ah but Dina this is the important bit that I've suddenly realized so because you're applying as a low risk national outside of a low risk country you still have to show the evidence so even though your visa will be issued on a low risk national passport you still need to show the full amount of funds you won't be considered low risk because you're not in a low risk country so Selim is asking how much time do I have to find an external funder I mean again yeah you know you could be making a visa application probably right up until the end of August Selim and and still get here in good time you know if you're once you're getting into September you're probably getting quite close to the wire people can you know we'd like you to be here and join us at the start of welcome week so you can get the most out of the week and meet all your tutors and also get involved with other activities and find out how the services at so has worked but if you can't it is possible to enroll late and normally you can roll up to a couple of weeks really from the start of welcome week so if it comes to that you might still be able to get here but at some stage you know if you're starting to miss classes I think it will be problematic so you probably stay in touch with us about that if you're going to be delayed get in touch with admissions about that so Marine says I've received a conditional offer from so has I must submit my IOC score in 13 days let's assume that I was required to do a pre-session of English course what is the best way to do that with the CAS would it be possible to get one CAS instead of two in this way I finished a pre-session of course and then start the MSc program so this is all based on the English level that you require and I think if you're going on to a if you if you assess as becoming a four-week or an eight-week pre-sessional then we can issue a joint CAS so one CAS so you don't you know you can once you've finished the pre-session of course then you can you can go on to the master program without submitting a fresh visa application but if you're if your IOC scores one on the 12-week pre-sessional then you will have to apply we kind of issue a joint CAS and you would have to have two CASs one for the pre-session of 12 weeks and then one for the master after us. So so Marine if you have to do that we will be providing some extra support for you to make that visa application in the UK towards the end of your pre-sessional so don't worry if you if that's something you have to do every year we have a few students that do that and we can we can help with that. So Kyra or Keira is saying if you are designated as a part-time student doing a two-year post-grad program holding an unconditional offer will I need to reapply for the visa during the interstitial summer or would the visa cover the full duration of the entire frame from this part time so the visa would cover the full duration of the program as part-time. Just a reminder tier four part-time is new this year and it's something that we might have some students taken up it's important to remember that you can't bring dependents on tier four part-time and this wasn't in my presentation but I know we said that you can't work you don't have any right to work in the UK whereas a normal tier four student at this level of study would better work for 20 hours a week. And you can't change your model studies either in the UK if you have to to leave. Yeah you wouldn't be able to switch into full-time. Hassan said should accommodation fees be mentioned on the CAS so we've kind of covered that already now we can't mention them I'm afraid you just have probably it's better if if you've just got enough money to pay for your accommodation don't pay your accommodation until you get to the to leave applied for the visa. So A-Ram Park says hello I'm currently completing an MA at SOAS but I will be enrolled on a PhD in September does this mean I'll have to apply for a fresh TIF or visa in my country no not necessarily you could apply for that visa in the UK as long as you are finishing your master's program in September so get in touch with registry to or actually get in touch with the doctoral school about the CAS and then they'll refer you to us for advice but you can get in touch with student advice and well-being. As a recipient of a SOAS research student ship do I need to pay any amount of income tax well students are not exempt from income tax but you don't if you've got a part-time job Rahi you probably won't be required to pay any but the threshold for income tax is 11 and a half thousand pounds a year this year. Manish is asking can a dependent visa be applied at the same time as a student visa it can you can do it at the same time it's as separate online applications it's not all on the same form it's probably a good idea to do the main tier four application first and then the dependence applications. Jessica is asking so basically if I show my official full transcripts and get a paper from my university statement officially finished studying then my offer becomes unconditional which means I get a cat so I'll let Sean tell. Well yes in theory but we need to see if your transcript mentioned that your degree is being awarded then that's fine we don't need any more you know documentation from the university otherwise yes we will need something stating that you have officially completed your study and being awarded your degree. Can I when Lucian said can I apply presenting TEFL instead of IOS well you can but again you have to reach a certain level of English before we can assess your the scores on the TEFL and in which case we will if we accept the TEFL certificate and you meet our English requirement then we would we will put a paragraph on the cast saying that you are exempt from submitting further evidence of English we can do that as a higher education provider. Supertan is asking will I be offered accommodation after my offer becomes unconditional. You can apply for accommodation if you have paid a deposit and I don't know how that works whether you put on a waiting list or not but as long as you paid the deposit and you've accepted your offer you can apply for accommodation even if the offer is conditional. Yeah I I I know about you because I know you are you've applied for a scholarship or SOAS and you have a 12 week at the moment the the you have a 12 week processional to to complete I am not sure if that is covered by the scholarship so you need to discuss this with the scholarship or SOAS and see what they say. If you want to attend the processional anyway and pay for it that's fine as well you have to apply separately to if sales but you need to do that very very quickly because the processional starts on the 29th of June so you have very little time to to apply and then you know for your visa etc. So William says how much time should I allow for the visa to be processed in return should be 15 working days should be the maximum but you can check local processing times on the UK VI visa processing time website we've got a link to that in our guidance so Jake you're an undergrad student well I can't what was that question from Jake I can't remember no sorry Jake we've we've really got a bit over one with questions here if you like to email undergrad admissions at soas.ac.uk and they'll be able to help you with your your query Jake so apologies for that. Manish has said do we need a confirmed ticket to be booked before we apply for the visa no you don't need to do that you could just make it clear when you plan to travel so that's fine. So Rahi's mentioning that the scholarship they're going to receive is our studentship says the money will be paid in transfer to me when I'm fully enrolled and have a bank account what is it considered what are you considered to be fully enrolled do I need to arrive well before the beginning of term to enroll well enrollment takes place during welcome week so you can enroll that week the bank account needs to be in the UK or British bank branches in the India so it's probably going to make more sense to get a UK bank account it's quite easy to do that once you're enrolled and you have a bank letter in the UK so it's a good idea to bring for that for that sort of period between arriving in the UK and opening a bank account which could take a week or so to open so you could be looking at a couple of weeks it's a good idea to have a credit card or some availability to money from your home country please don't bring lots and lots of cash with you so that's not such a good idea but travellers checks could be okay but otherwise a credit card or a debit card from your home country that you can use in the UK would be a great idea until you've actually opened an account here. Yeah the pre-runner I said though I finished my bachelor degree requirement the convocation is in August and therefore I will receive the degree certificates only by August with the transcript plus an official letter stating that I have completed the degree requirements of this I'm not too sure where you are currently studying but if you for example we do accept provisional degree certificate from India and and that's fine that and the transcript would be okay for visa application and for us to to issue the cash. Okay a seller says I have a PhD offer and keep looking for an external funding option may I learn how much time I have to find it well if we're talking about applying for the visa seller then yeah I think you ideally need to be applying for the visa by the end of August really to get here on time to start you know the absolute latest probably be the beginning of September so Ashley says do I need to take any English proficiency test or that isn't mentioned under my conditions required I'm a post grad student and no if it's not mentioned in your letter then you don't need to um to submit everything English evidence no uh I think we'll also touch on that question how long does so as required normally to issue the cash as I said with certain issuing cases for students who stops early early September or for professional students and then we take it you know according to the dates the the request has been issued has been submitted so it depends on when if you have even submitted your cash request so it could take a couple of weeks we are we are you know there's quite a few requests at the moment pending so but we're going through through them as quickly as we can okay Anna Anna says there's no British Embassy in my country residents how do I send my biometrics well for some countries if there's no British Embassy you may be required to travel to another country for instance people in Iran would travel to the United Arab Emirates or Turkey to make their visa application but also there may be facilities for um doing that in your country even if there's no embassy there you may be doing stuff by post so what I suggest doing is going to the British Embassy website for your country and then seeing what the arrangements are for visas it should be quite clearly laid out there but if it's not um then get in touch with us so okay and then Majiba is asking if we need translations for financial documents should we wait to show you 28 days so yeah that's a really good point Majiba if you're going to get your documents translated into English because they're not in English then it's a good idea to wait until the money is there those statements are ready to be used and then get them translated because there needs to be an accurate translation yeah Rahi that question actually uh you know I nigh hold a conditional offer from SOWAS and was required how copy evidence of having completed an MFIL assume that you're applying for PhD and they have different requirements and so I would say that if you want an unconditional offer you need to get in touch with the doctor school as soon as you can and then there will be the one issue in Kaz is not not me okay so Manesh is saying can a dependent visa be applied for at the same time along with the student visa well pretty much the same time it's a separate application as I said we suggest you do the the main applicant tier 4 application first do you need a ticket no we've mentioned that you don't uh you you uh says may I know Kaz if Kaz is equal to a conditional offer document no it is uh well technically it's not equivalent but you will not be issue a Kaz unless you have a conditional offer okay um yeah Kyra Kyra Kyra is asking if the United States is low risk yeah it's low risk Kyra please check online check our guidance and you can find out more about this Hannah's asking if we can use multiple bank accounts um in order to meet the maintenance requirements yes you can they need to cover the same 28-day period and you need to make sure on each day the funds don't drop below the required amount so if your course is more than eight months 11385 pounds Amira the classes for the MA program does that start a week after a moment so 24th of September uh week is registration week and and the class you start the following one day okay Yahi's asking if you're a sponsored by a scholarship do you have to pay your tier 4 application fee in general yes you do Yahi unless you're a UK government sponsored student on a Chevening, Marshall or Commonwealth scholarship if you're one of those um scholars then you don't pay the application fee and you don't pay the immigration health surcharge but all other scholars will do then Matt is asking once you've applied for and received the there's the visa valid for the duration of your studies um and if and he says he'll be assuming he'll be so as up to three years so yes Matt your visa will be valid for the length of your program of studies for the three years plus four months at the end Rahi I think Rahi you might want to get in touch with us about this it sounds quite complex so if you want to drop a line to but this is a PhD student as well so we need to contact uh yeah if you get in touch with doctoral school admissions and I think about this one because this is a bit of a complex question for the for the chat here so what Wacini you're talking about coming to study the pre-sessional program uh the pre-sessional course and you can get some immigration advice from from Delia Lozano who's probably been in touch with you about your accommodation about your cares she'll be able to help you with with that query about dependent on a pre-sessional course the Marine said when I do when I do the pre-sessional do I have to receive IELTS afterwards no you don't hopefully after the end of the pre-session no you will meet our English requirement and you can go the main course the main program yeah just to reiterate if you your 30 day vignette will be 30 days leading up to the start of your program but you can define when that starts you can you can change your date of travel so you basically you can control when the 30 days start so don't worry if you apply for your visa mid-July you just put your travel date in September or whenever you plan to come your 30 days will start then so don't worry and I am just quickly to wrap it up yes you if you are going to renew your passport it's much better to wait to request the cares and sure you have your new passport issue because if we should get with your old passport number on it we would have to update it amend it so it's much better to wait until until you know you have a new passport so William is asking if the biometrics is something we do in our home country that's something you'll do in your home country William if you're applying in your home country so Dina is asking is there a visa for someone to visit their spouse who is on on a visit visa um so visit their spouse who is on student visa I mean yeah that would just be a visit visa so that will be a six month long standard visitor visa which you can apply for depending on nationality the person the student is they either have to apply at home where they can apply at the border when you turn up at the airport in the United Kingdom um so Manish is asked if you're what if him and his wife are staying with relatives in London do you need to show maintenance fees in in the bank account yeah you still need to show those I'm afraid even if you've got somewhere to stay in London Rahi is asking if you need to submit any medical reports apart from the TB reports no the TB test would be the only thing you need to submit and that's only for people coming from countries that require that test you can find out about that online but Darren I'm just reading your question about you completed an NFL in the UK a few years ago and of course the SOAS would be an MSc in terms of progression that might be a little difficult so we would have to look at your application because normally you have to walk up a level not down the level so maybe we you can email master's admissions about that and then make a look into it and uh and answer your query directly the Manish has said that the funds maintenance funds in the account need to be shown in liquid cash or mutual holdings for all to be acceptable and they need to be yeah liquid cash they need to be money that you could take out at any time not money that's held in any sort of investment can I also just mention something about you know showing evidence of funding it's only your parents or your own money in your own bank account not your uncle or your grandmother or anybody else any other relative which is very important that you know you you show you okay thanks that's the end of the question thanks very much for attending the webinar today and see you next time


Let's make these cute little ham and Swiss Christmas tree appetizers. They're perfect for the holidays and super quick and easy to make. First, I started with rolling out one pizza crust and then I topped it with a layer of Swiss cheese and a layer of ham. And then I topped it with one more pizza crust. I flattened this out as best as I could and then I trimmed the edges to make it a perfect rectangle. I used a pizza cutter to slice this into eight equal strips. I basically stacked each strip on top of itself and then stuck it on a six inch skewer. I'm baking these at 400 for 16 minutes. I'm melting about a half a stick of butter, added about a tablespoon of minced garlic and about a tablespoon of Dano's cheesening. I'm gonna brush my trees with this and then I'm topping it with a little more Dano's cheesening. I used a star shaped cookie cutter to cut out stars of cheese and I just stuck that right on top of the skewer. They're cute and delicious. Try this out guys, let us know what you think.


Hello, everyone. I'm Lloyd Austin, Secretary of Defense. I want to thank you for participating in this stand-down and I thank your leadership for supporting this important initiative. And let me say right at the outset that there is not a single doubt in my mind that you take seriously your oath to the Constitution and that you serve this country with honor and dignity and character and that you believe in and uphold our core values each and every day. Many of you have deployed in harm's way to defend those values and some of you are in harm's way at this very moment. And I want you to know that I'm grateful for that. I also want you to know that your fellow citizens are grateful for that. You see, we understand the sacrifices that you and your families are making to defend this nation. And we know a stand-down like this can seem like yet another task to undertake, another burden. But the truth of the matter is we need your help. I'm talking, of course, about extremism and extremist ideology. Views and conduct that run counter to everything that we believe in, in which can actually tear at the fabric of who we are as an institution. You know, I've seen this before. I've lived through it as a soldier and as a commander. It's not new to our country and sadly it's not new to our military. What is new is the speed and a pervasiveness with which extremist ideology can spread today, thanks to social media and the aggressive and organized and emboldened attitude that many of these hate groups and their sympathizers are now applying to their recruitment and to their operations. You know, it concerns me to think that anyone wearing the uniform of a soldier or a sailor, an airman, marine or guardian or coast guardsman would espouse these sorts of beliefs, let alone act on them. But they do. Some of them still do. We've got to be better than that. And not just for ourselves and the sort of work environment that we want to cultivate for each other, but also for the country and the very idea of what the United States represents to the world. And that's the discussion that I want you to have today. I want you to revisit the oath that you took when you joined the military and when you reenlisted or got promoted. Read those words again. Consider what they really mean. And think about the promise that you made to yourselves and to your teammates and to your fellow citizens. I also want you to share with your leadership your own personal experiences with encountering extremist and extremist ideology in the military. Should you have any? And I want your leadership to listen to those stories. And I want them to listen to any ideas that you might have to help us stamp out of the ranks the dangerous conduct that this ideology inspires. And so I want you to remember also that we've got important things to do, ladies and gentlemen. We have serious commitments around the world. And people depend on us. So we can't afford actions and behavior that are at odds with our values and that undermine good order and discipline, that harm or harass and otherwise violate the oath that we share and the bonds of trust upon which we all rely. Again, thank you for what you and your families do each and every day. Thank you for upholding your oath and thank you for helping us get smarter about dealing with this very important readiness issue. I'm proud to be on your team. Hello, everyone. I am John Roth, Acting Secretary of the Air Force. I'd like to begin by saying that as a Department of the Air Force leadership team, we are grateful for the sacrifices you and your loved ones make to keep America safe. As airmen and guardians, our success protecting the nation depends on our trust. Trust to execute the mission with the discipline and precision. Trust that your fellow airmen and guardians have your back and trust that each member of our air and space forces has a character to do what is right. It is because of you. The US military has remained one of America's most trusted and respected institutions for decades. We know that the vast majority of airmen and guardians serve in accordance with the oath that they took to protect and defend the Constitution and to uphold our laws, policies, and maintain the highest standards at all times. Sadly, we are not immune to extremism in our ranks and this extremist behavior erodes good order and discipline and is a threat to the trust and respect we've worked hard to build. It has been exposed in recent events such as the insurrection on our nation's capital and left unchecked would divide the cohesive teams we require to win. We cannot and will not tolerate extremist behaviors and ideologies. They go against the fundamental principles of the oath we all took when signing up to serve this great nation. Eliminating extremism in our service is critical and by no means can be accomplished in a one and done engagement. We must all remain on the watch, united. Today we need you to employ our values towards building a better department. We ask that you have the openness to share your experiences, engage in respectful, hard conversations and listen to each other. Find the gray areas and the guidance you've been given and help us ensure this policy is executable at the unit level. And after you've had those conversations, don't stop engaging with each other and upholding the core values and the professional arms. There's an enduring responsibility that requires constant attention, services of calling, one that sets us apart from other organizations and one that requires an unwavering commitment to each other, our values, the Constitution and the model that adorns the seal of the United States. E-Propress unit out of many one. Thank you again for what you do every day. Only together built on the foundation of trust and respect, can we make meaningful, lasting change. Extremism in any form has no part in it. We are proud of you and proud to serve with you as part of the world's greatest air and space forces. Thank you. teammates. Chief Tumen and I are incredibly thankful for what each of you do each and every day to accomplish our mission, to take care of each other and to keep our wing and community moving forward. Each of you play a very important role and we couldn't do our jobs and our missions without you. However, recent events in our nation and in particular the events on January 6th in our nation's capital have made it necessary to pause and address our differences and improve how we work together. This month as directed by the Secretary of Defense, I'm asking all units within the 55th wing, including our wing staff agency to take a day to focus on combating extremism within our ranks. Now, Chief and I know the overwhelming majority of you are doing the right thing and for that, we are grateful. Therefore, the focus of this tactical pause is education. We want each of you to gain a better understanding of what extremism is, what activities are prohibited, and what you should do should you observe this behavior. So what does extremism in our ranks look like? As many of you probably expect, there is formal guidance to help us define what extremism is and what characteristics it encompasses. We draw our guidance primarily from two sources. At the DOD level, DODI 1325.06 provides us with broad intent. The Air Force has also given us guidance via AFI 51-508, which provides clear definition and recommended courses of action. Military personnel cannot actively advocate or participate in extremist doctrine, ideology, causes, or activities. How does the Air Force define extremist activity? A great foundation to work from asks these questions. Does the ideology or activity advocate or advance illegal discrimination based on race, creed, color, sex, religion, ethnicity, or national origin? Or does it encourage or promote the use of force, violence, or otherwise advance efforts to deprive individuals of their civil rights? Specifically, AFI 51-508, paragraph 3-4-2-4, states that an extremist doctrine, ideology, or cause is characterized by, but is not limited to, a common belief which might otherwise be politically or socially acceptable, but that espouse the use of threat of force of violence to obtain their goals. If the activity or ideology promotes these elements, then we, as a military member, are prohibited from actively participating. Your unit leadership will cover the formal guidance in greater detail and help answer your questions. Like Chief Bass said, we cannot and will not tolerate extremist behavior. The definition and framework provided by Chief Tumen gives us a solid foundation to work from. But what should we do if we encounter such behavior activity within our ranks? Secretary Austin's guidance to share with your leadership, your encounters with extremism is absolutely critical to helping eliminate extremism in our ranks. I encourage you to discuss your concerns with your supervisor, your first sergeant, superintendent, or commander. However, I acknowledge that there may be times when you may not feel comfortable bringing up these concerns through your chain of command. Other perfectly acceptable avenues are the Equal Opportunity Office, your local OSI office, or your legal office. These agencies are full of wisdom, professionalism, and expertise, and I am positive they are ready and able to address your concerns about extremist activities within our wing or within the Air Force. It is all of our responsibility to foster and maintain an environment free of discrimination, hate, and harassment. By doing this, we can keep the trust that General Brown discusses. The character to do what is right and the trust it builds is our foundation. The directive from Secretary Austin also includes emphasis on the benefit of listening. This is a key aspect of this initiative. The commander's intent for this stand down is to support meaningful dialogue and I hope each of you take an active part in the discussions. Not only should you be confident to speak, you should be ready to actively listen to those around you. Your teammates have much to contribute. Oftentimes we learn as much or more from our peers as we do from the person leading the discussion. We value your thoughts and your ideas about how to combat extremist behavior in the Air Force. Chief Toberman, a proud 55th wing alum, is absolutely right. Share your experiences and engage in respectful and hard conversations. When we conclude our stand down, my hope is that we are a more cohesive and effective wing and that we increase trust, a vital component of high performing organizations. Teammates, as we conclude this introduction to our stand down, please also take time as Secretary Austin stated to revisit the oath that each of us took when we entered the Air Force or public service. Read your oath again. Consider the value made. Each of us committed ourselves to supporting and defending the Constitution of the United States. The structure of our oaths vary depending upon the role we serve but our oaths all share common themes. We each made a personal commitment to serve and defend this great nation of ours and to obey its laws. This commitment to serve is what unites us, what bonds us together. We're guided by common ideals and support of our great republic and it's these ideals that will continue to bond us and propel us to excellence in the future. It's a privilege to serve with all of you. Thank you for listening. Thank you for taking this seriously and thank you so much for everything you do to make the mission happen each and every day. World class is our standard.


And I'm very pleased to welcome another distinguished representative of the Office of Legal Affairs of the IA, by the name of Sylvain Fiennel. Fanielle Sylvain is a legal officer with the section. His background is very much about non-proliferation and safeguards. He has been working from Belgium, his own country, with the Belgium Federal Agency for Nuclear Control. And he was also, at the time, if I'm correct, you were attached with the University of Yesch in Belgium and already working on the same subject. So it's really a pleasure, apart from the fact that it's dear to me as a former alumni of the University of Montpellier. It's my pleasure, Sylvain, to invite you to start your presentation. Thank you very much, Patrick. Is the microphone working, is it strong enough? OK. Well, first let me know. I would like to tell you I'm delighted to be here. The landscape is beautiful. If I would have known that, I would try to arrive a bit earlier. But I also know it's 2 PM, so it's extremely challenging time frame, especially to discuss legal aspect on safeguards. So I would try to make this as interactive as possible. I will move a lot just to keep you awake in the digestion process. Please really do not hesitate to interrupt me. If you have any question, if anything is unclear, do not hesitate at all. So the objective of this presentation is to provide you with an overview of the IEA legal framework for safeguards. And it's divided into five main parts. First, or more, I would say, historical introduction. Then we will move to the legal aspect in the IEA statute related to safeguards. And then the core part of the presentation, the safeguards agreements, then the additional protocol and other protocols to the safeguards agreement. And finally, the implementation of safeguards, so how safeguards are implemented at the IEA and by the IEA. So I decided to take a more historical approach because the legal instruments we have nowadays in the field of safeguards are the results of decision from the international community to avoid any proliferation of nuclear weapons. And to avoid that this technology, this know-how would be used for destructive purposes. So we will go a bit back in time. I'm pretty sure many of you here are much more expert than me in the field of nuclear science. So I will just provide a very quick overview to give the framework. So in 1938, Otto Hahn and Lisa Meitner continued the work of Enrico Fermi and discover nuclear fission. With this increasing discovery and the follow-up to this main discovery, Albert Einstein and Leon Szilard started to be worried about the potential misuse of the nuclear technology, the nuclear know-how. So they warned the US president on these potential misuse. In 1940, in the context of the Manhattan Project, Glenn Sebo discovers plutonium, which will play a key role in the Manhattan Project itself. And as we all know, the first nuclear weapon explosion was undertaken in July 1945 by the US. It's the Trinity test and followed by the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. So very quickly, the international community tried to address the new challenges posed by this new technology, all these new discoveries in the field of nuclear science. The first one is the three-nation declaration made by the three-nation committee, which is Canada, the US, and the UK. And by that time, these were the states holding the nuclear technology. And they called for an exchange of information regarding nuclear technology for the benefit of mankind. But very importantly, they already raised the idea of having an authority, and they used the word commission to control the potential misuse of this new technology. It's then not a surprise that the first United Nations General Assembly resolution was related to nuclear disarmament and a threat posed by nuclear weapons. And this first UN resolution created the UNAEC, so the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission. And the purpose of this commission was to address the challenges posed by nuclear technology. So in the next three years, discussion went on in the UN, within this UNAEC, on how to address these threats. And there are two main plans, two main ideas that came up during these three years. It's the Baruch plan from the US side, and the Baruch plan called for the establishment of an international atomic development authority. In exchange of the creation of this authority, the US would give up its nuclear weapon. But on the other side, this plan established an entire system of control on nuclear material. To avoid that, this nuclear material would be used for destructive purposes. On the other side, we have the Soviet Union plan, the Gromkyo plan. And this plan focused on a convention, a convention that would prohibit the manufacturer and the employment of nuclear weapons. So on the US side, we have the idea of control. And on the Soviet Union side, we have the idea of this convention, of a legally binding instrument. But unfortunately, all these efforts, these three years discussion, collapsed in 1949 with the first Soviet Union nuclear weapon test. By that time, the international community that considered that the proliferation was started. And therefore, this discussion in this framework, it was very difficult to move forward. So the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission stopped its work in 1949. And it was a bit of a deadlock for a few years. Until 1953, with the famous Atoms for Peace speech of President Eisenhower. And he revived the discussion started in the framework of the UN AEC. And give, I would say, a second impulse to this discussion. So he provided the idea of having an international atomic energy agency, which would be set up under the aegis of the United Nations. There would be a system of worldwide inspection and control. So this is coming from the idea from the Baruch plan. So control on nuclear activities, on nuclear material. And this international atomic energy agency would be to devise a method whereby this fission of artificial material, so the nuclear material, would be allocated to serve peaceful purposes. This led to the creation of the International Atomic Energy Agency. And the statute was negotiated between 1953 and 1956 and entered into force now a bit more than 70 years ago. We celebrated in July when everyone was on holiday the anniversary of the IAEA statute. Important is that the IAEA is not a UN organization. It is a related organization. We do have a specific relationship with the United Nations. We report annually to the General Assembly, for example, but also in the process of non-compliance to save God's agreements. And I will come back to that later. We have a specific access to the United Nations Security Council. The IAEA has two policy-making organ, the General Conference, which we'll meet in three weeks in Vienna. They meet regularly one time per year. And it gathers the representative of all member states. They approve the budget, but also they deal with any matters raised to it by the Board of Governors, second policy-making organs, by member states or by the Director General. We then have the Board of Governors. It's the executive body of the IAEA responsible to carry out the functions of the agency. The staff is headed by the Director General, which is UPA Amano from Japan. And the IAEA has currently 168 member states. So now let's move to the core of the presentation, to save God's. So first, what are save God's? I wanted to ask a question, but of course, if I put the slide, it's going to be very useless. So the save God's are a set of technical measures enabling the IAEA to verify that states are honoring their international obligations to use nuclear material and technology exclusively for peaceful purposes. These international obligations come from different instruments, the IAEA statute. I will come back to that in one or two slides. Also from bilateral or multilateral treaties and from save God's agreements and the protocol there too. What are the save God's activities of the agency? These are the numbers of 2016. So save God's are currently implemented. So we apply these set of technical measures in 181 states. Over 1,200 facilities and material and balanced area outside facilities are covered by save God's. Last year, over 2,800 verification missions from IAEA inspectors. And finally, there are over 200,000 significant quantities of nuclear material under save God's. What is a significant quantity? It's the quantity that is required to manufacture a nuclear weapon. It's a standard established by the IAEA. So it would be 54 kilos of uranium and 8 kilos of plutonium. What is the statute saying? And I will just take the statute. I forget it at the back of the room so that you can have a look. So I will circulate this orange book, which is the statute. And I guess you know already the statute. There you are. So Article 3A5 of the statute provides that the IAEA is authorized to establish and administer save God's in three situations. First, in the context of agency project and assistance. So the agency can provide equipment, provide material to states at the request of the state, but at the condition that this material or this equipment is covered by save God. Second scenario, it's at the request of parties to any bilateral or multilateral arrangement. Bilateral agreement is, for example, a supply agreement. So a supplier state will provide nuclear material to a recipient state at the condition that this material is covered by save God. So at the condition that the recipient state enters into an agreement with the IAEA to have this material covered by save God. The case of multilateral agreements is, for example, the Nuclear Non-Preferential Treaty, but I will discuss that in a few minutes. And last possibility, it's at the request of a state to any of that state's nuclear activity. So a state can decide to ask the IAEA to have certain material covered by save God. And the second article where we have provisions related to save God in the statute, it's in Article 12. It's, I would say, the more general save God's provisions. For example, we will have information on the fact that states have to keep records related to nuclear material, but also provide reports to the IAEA. And main, I would say, provisions related to inspection. And Article 12, also in its paragraph C, has the process of non-compliance to the Security Council and the General Assembly. Yeah? Yeah? This is not the IAEA, so if we go directly to the IAEA. So the supplier state will say to the recipient state, we can provide you nuclear material, but only at the condition that you enter in an agreement with the agency to have this material, the one we will provide covered by save God's, because the supplier state wants insurance that this material is not used for destructive purposes. Yeah, yeah, yeah. It's in the context of bilateral agreement. We need a save God's agreement to implement save God's. No, no, but I will discuss that later. So the additional protocol is not a standalone document. So you need to have a save God's agreement if the state wants to conclude an additional protocol. So the starting point is a save God's agreement. The IAEA can't just go in a state and say, we will apply save God's. We need a legal framework. And this is given by the statute, but mainly also by the save God's agreement itself we have with the state. But if it's not clear afterwards, we can come back to that. But more information will be provided later on. A few things, general comments regarding IAEA save God's. Saved God's provision of the statute are not self-executing. It means that states need to have a save God's agreement. This is related to what I just said. States need to have a save God's agreement for the IAEA to apply save God's in that state. The IAEA membership does not require the acceptance of save God's. We do have IAEA members which do not have save God's agreement with the IAEA. So it's not because you are a member of the agency that you need to have a save God's agreement. And lastly, IAEA save God's are possible in non-member states. So we could have states which are non-member to the agency, but still they have a save God's agreement because it's an international legal instruments. You don't need to be a member of states to have such international legal instruments involved. So now it's the main part of the presentation to save God's agreements. And here I insist if anything is unclear, please do not hesitate to interact with me. So the thing to remember is there are three tabs of save God's agreement. First we have this item specific save God's agreement which are based on a document called information secular 66. So the content of these agreements are based on this document which is available online on the agency's website. In the context of these item specific save God's agreement, save God's will apply only to specific item which are provided for in the agreement itself. Nuclear equipment, nuclear material. For example, we would have this few tons of equipment is covered by save God. So the material covered by save God is very clearly identifiable in the agreement itself. And the purpose of these agreements is to verify that these items, the one subject to save God's and identified in the agreement are not diverted for the manufacture of nuclear weapons or any other explosive device. We currently have three states with item specific save God's agreement. So based on the content of the document information secular 66, it's Israel, Pakistan and India. For the comprehensive save God's agreement, this is the main type of agreement. We currently have 173 states with these tabs of agreement in force. And here the save God's will apply to all material in all peaceful activities in a state. So here it's not only specific item which are identified in the agreement itself. It's on all nuclear material in all peaceful activities in a state. And the purpose of these agreement is to verify that nuclear material subject to save God's are not diverted to nuclear weapons or any other nuclear explosive device. And finally, the voluntary offer agreement. In this context of these agreements, save God's will apply to nuclear material in facilities that nuclear weapon states, and I will come back to the distinction in a few minutes, that nuclear weapon states has offered for save God and have been selected by the IA. So nuclear weapon states will offer a list of facilities with nuclear material and the IA can choose facilities or just don't choose any facility in which save God's will be applied. And in the context of these save God's agreement, the objective is to verify that the nuclear material covered by save God remain in peaceful activities and it's not withdrawn from save God's unless provided on the condition in the save God's agreement itself. And we have currently five states with voluntary offer agreement in force, which are the five nuclear weapon states. Why do we have many types of agreement? Well, this is coming mainly from a distinction that I will explain in three slides on the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, okay? So the process of including and implementing save God's agreement, the IA Board of Governors will approve the save God agreement. So you remember the Board of Governors, it's the executive body of the agency. And so the board will authorize the director general to conclude and implement a save God agreement. The director general will then discuss with the state, conclude the save God agreement and implement save God's in the state in accordance with the provision, of course, of the agreement. And all the agreements are available online on our website and they are published under these documents or information circular. And this agreement, so follow one of these things. Well, we only have three types of save God's agreement. So they will conclude the director general. Yeah. One of these, right? Yeah. And then the board will, sorry, the director general will report to the board on the implementation of these agreements on an annual basis in the save God's implementation report. The executive summary of this SIR, so save God's implementation report is available online, but the content is restricted. So if you remember, there are three situations in which the IEA will be authorized to establish and administer save God's in the context of agency projects and assistance at the request of states parties to any bilateral or multilateral treaties. Here we move to multilateral treaties requiring the application of save God's. The most important one of these two and the nuclear weapon free zone. So I don't know if some of you are familiar with these nuclear weapon free zones. So these are treaties establishing geographical zones without, sorry, zones in which nuclear weapons are prohibited. And these nuclear weapon free zone treaties will have provision requiring state parties to these treaties to conclude a save God's agreement with the agency. We have, for example, the treaty of Bangkok establishing a zone in Southeast Asia or the treaty of Tlatatolco establishing such a zone in Latin America and the Caribbean. Other type of multilateral treaty, it's the treaty on the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons or NPT, which is maybe the most known one. And this treaty so entered into force on 5th of March, 1970. It has three main pillars, but here I have to insist that this notion of pillars are not per se provided in the treaty. It's more a practice that experts refer to it as pillars. So three main historical pillar I would say, nonproliferation of nuclear weapons, the obligation of disarmament, article six, and the obligation to use nuclear material, nuclear energy, nuclear know-how for peaceful purposes. And all the state's parties to the NPT will meet every five years during a review conference. And the three years preceding the review conference, there will be a preparatory committee. So all the state's party will meet three times before this review conference to discuss the implementation of the treaty and to prepare this review conference. In 1995, state's parties decided to extend undefinitely the duration of the NPT. And very, very important notion, you will see in a few minutes, is this notion of nuclear weapon states and non-nuclear weapon states. So nuclear weapon states are defined in the NPT, and they are states who tested or exploded a nuclear weapon prior the 1st of January, 1967. These are China, the UK, US, Russia, and France. The non-nuclear weapon states are not defined in the treaty, but de facto, it's all the others. So all other states, which did not tested a nuclear weapon prior the 1st of January, 1967. Essential aspect, which is sometimes confusing in the media, but the IA is not a party to the NPT. It is not the role of the IA to comment on the compliance or non-compliance of a state party to the NPT. What is required under the NPT? Well, there will be different obligation, depending if you are a nuclear weapon state or a non-nuclear weapon state. So article two provides that a non-nuclear weapon states can't acquire nuclear weapons or any other explosive devices. These non-nuclear weapon states, and this is essential for the future of the lecture, they have to accept safeguards as set forth in an agreement with the agency, and in accordance with the agency statute and the agency safeguard system. So non-nuclear weapon states, party to the treaty, have the obligation to accept safeguards in a safeguard agreement with the IA. And these safeguards shall be applied on all source or special fissionable material in all peaceful activities within the territory of the state under its jurisdiction, sorry, or control anywhere. And article three paragraph four provides that these agreements need to be negotiated and concluded within 18 months. Now, let's compare a bit the safeguards agreement. So if you remember, I told you that the item-specific safeguards agreement cover only specific item, item which are defined and identified in the agreement itself. So with these types of agreement, this is the very simplified version of the nuclear fuel cycle. With these types of agreement, the IA will be able to implement safeguards in conversion plant, fuel fabrication plant, reactors and critical assemblies, and reprocessing plants. Initially, it was only reactors and critical assemblies, but it was extended to other types of facilities of the nuclear fuel cycle. Now, let's move to the content of the comprehensive safeguards agreement. So here, safeguards will be applied on all source or special fissionable material. Everything you need to know on comprehensive safeguards agreement are provided here in information Secular 153. Please have a look on this document, which is divided into two parts. First, part one, the general provisions. And second, it's the specific procedures on how safeguards are applied. So following the entry into force of the NPT, so the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, the Board of Governors established a committee within the Secretariat. And this committee, known as Committee 22, was responsible to consider the content of agreement required in connection with Article 3 of the NPT. And the Board approved that document, that blue document, in 1973. This is not a standardized document. It means that between comprehensive safeguard agreement, you can have small differences, but overall, the structure and the content are very similar, but it is not a model. And this is important to highlight because the additional protocol, I will discuss that in a few minutes, is a model. So you have to accept all the provisions. Here it's not the case. There is a small quantity protocol to this comprehensive safeguard agreement and this small quantity protocol is available only for states with very little or no nuclear material. The notion of subsidiary arrangement, so in addition to this main comprehensive safeguard agreement, the IAEA will conclude subsidiary arrangement with the state. And this subsidiary arrangement contains a general part which will describe how safeguards will be implemented in the state. An example of provisions in these subsidiary arrangements is the communication channel to whom the IAEA has to communicate regarding safeguards aspect. This is the type of information you will find in the subsidiary arrangement. What is nuclear material? Well, nuclear material is defined in Article 20 of the statute, so the orange book. And it's any source or special official material which corresponds overall to uranium, thorium and plutonium. Under comprehensive safeguard agreement, nuclear material does not include all or residues in the mines and in the mining activities. Regarding the safeguards procedures, safeguards measures will be different depending on the type of material. If the nuclear material, so uranium, thorium, or plutonium 239, is suitable for fuel fabrication or isotopic enrichment, then all safeguards measures in Part 2 of this document of information, Secular 153, will be applicable. If it's not the case, so if it's not yet suitable for fuel fabrication or isotopic enrichment, then only limited safeguards measures will be applicable. So the states will have, for example, to inform the IAEA on import and export of nuclear material unless this material is used for non-nuclear purposes such as ceramics, for example. And I repeat, under the comprehensive safeguard agreement, safeguards do not apply to material in mining or mining activities, so the beginning of the nuclear fuel cycle. In the CSA, so in the comprehensive safeguard agreement, you have different rights and obligations. And these rights and obligations are upon states but also on the agency. We also do have obligations. So the state has a general obligation to accept safeguards as provided in the Nuclear Operation Treaty. On all nuclear material in all peaceful activities within its territory, jurisdiction or control anywhere. The IAEA has the right, but also the obligation to apply safeguards. Another obligation on both, we have the obligation to cooperate to ensure that the provisions are correctly implemented. Do we have the obligation to communicate with each other in the context of the implementation of safeguards? The IAEA is required also to maintain confidentiality on the information collected in the context of the implementation of safeguards. The IAEA receive tons of information every single day on the nuclear fuel cycle of states. This information is obviously sensitive, so we have to ensure at the agency that this information remains confidential and is not going out in the public. The state has the obligation to establish and maintain a state system of our country for or control nuclear material. It means that the states need to have a system to count its nuclear material. To be able to say we have such amount of nuclear material, this is where it's located. This is the type of information that has to be provided to the IAEA. So it's referred to as SSAC or also RSAC for regional. I don't know if some people here are familiar with the URATOM system for European member states, and they have a regional accounting system. But it's also the case for ABAC, so for Argentina and Brazil. The procedures regarding safeguards, well, state have the obligation to keep records and provide reports to the IAEA. And obviously, state has the obligation also to provide access to the IAEA because the IAEA inspectors will go into the facilities and verify that the nuclear material is located as it's declared to be, but also the quantity type of nuclear material. There are several types of inspection, but I won't go into detail here. Regarding subsidiary arrangements, I already described that. And just to be complete, there are also some administrative measures related to the inspector designation, but also the visa, because obviously inspectors, when they arrive in state, they need to have a visa to contact their verification activities. And lastly, IAEA inspectors are entitled to certain privileges and immunities in the context of their duties. I think I will have to skip the small quantity protocol, but just in a nutshell to tell you, all safeguards measures in part two are pretty heavy for states. And so the IAEA decided under the decision of the board, of course, to have small quantity protocol. This protocol is available for states with very little or no nuclear material. And for these states, the safeguards measured provided in part two will not be applicable as long as they fulfill the condition that they have a certain very limited quantity of nuclear material, but also that they are no nuclear material in the facility. This is the original small quantity protocol of 1974. And there was a modified version in 2005. So the board adopted a new version on the advice of the director general. So now the conditions are the following, still minimal or no nuclear material subject to safeguards, but also not available to states with already have existing facilities or plant facilities. It means if I'm a states and I'm deciding, I'm gonna build, I'm gonna start to build in two years a nuclear facility, I am not eligible anymore to have this small quantity protocol. So regarding the safeguards coverage with under, sorry, the comprehensive safeguard agreement. Well, if you remember the previous scheme, here we have more components of the nuclear fuel cycle where safeguards are applied. In spent fuel storage, also in enrichment. So the IEA has more access, more knowledge, more information on the nuclear fuel cycle in a state in order to perform its verification activities. Let's move to the addition protocol to safeguard agreement. So this is the Tewaita Nuclear Research Center in Iraq in 91, and under the comprehensive safeguard agreement, IEA inspectors were going to decide to verify these facilities in red. But this is what were discovered later on, that on the same site, there were many other nuclear facilities which normally would have had to be declared to the agency. So following this situation, the IEA started an internal reflection on how to better detect undeclared nuclear facility because these were not declared to the agency. And the IEA had only the right to access these declared facilities. Well, there was an entire reflection within the agency on how to strengthen the safeguard system. These are the main steps. So first, the Board of Governors reaffirmed the right of the agency to conduct special inspection, to verify the absence of undeclared nuclear activities and material in a state. This voluntary reporting scheme, the OVRS was adopted by many states, and these states decided on a voluntary basis to provide information on import and export of nuclear material, but no more comprehensive information on import and export of nuclear material. So the IEA had more a global view of the transfers of nuclear material between states. And this is the main element. The Director General decided to set up a team in the agency, and this team was tasked to think about ways to strengthen the safeguard system. This led to recommendations presented to the Board of Governors, and there were two parts in these recommendations. First, part one measures. These were measures such as environmental sampling, which were already, I would say, applicable under the existing authority by that time of the agency. And part two measures were measures which required additional legal authority for the agency to be conducted. And this led in May 1997 for the Board of Governors to approve the model additional protocol, which contains these part two measures which required additional legal authority to be conducted. And this is the additional protocol. It's a bigger document than the comprehensive safeguard agreement. To come back to one of your question, the additional protocol is not a standalone document. So to have an additional protocol, you need to have a safeguard agreement in force. A state can't have only an additional protocol in force. Yeah, yeah, because I was about to say this additional protocol is concluded on a voluntary basis. So the state will ask to conclude an additional protocol with the agency. This is a model, meaning that unlike the information circular 153, so the comprehensive safeguard agreement, the state here has to accept all provisions set out in this document in the additional protocol. No space for flexibility with regards to the provisions in the additional protocol. There are currently 128 states with an additional protocol in force. And similarly to comprehensive safeguard agreement, there are subsidiary arrangements, so how the measures contained in the additional protocol will be implemented. But unlike the comprehensive safeguard agreement, here it's not an obligation to have subsidiary arrangements. These are the new things that new instruments, new tools given to the IEA when conducting its verification activities. Broader information, broader access, a simplified process for the designation of inspectors, but also the delivery of multiple entry visa, an enhanced confidentiality regime on the IEA side, and finally the right to use communication system, including satellites for inspectors. So what do we mean by broader information? Well now the IEA will have a complete overview of all nuclear and nuclear related activities in the states. Why? Because under the additional protocol, the state has the obligation to provide information on research and development. Very concrete example, nuclear related activities undertaken in universities, these have to be declared to the agency under the additional protocol. Also, more elements provided regarding the export of nuclear material. And the model additional protocol is a bigger document because in the annex it's a list of all nuclear related equipment which have to be, I would say, notified to the IEA. Unlike the comprehensive safeguard agreement, the state have now the obligation to provide information on mines and milling activities. But also, this is the last one I will mention, the general 10 year plan relevant to the development of the nuclear fuel cycle. So under the additional protocol, the states have the obligation to say what are their 10 year plan related to the nuclear fuel cycle. Regarding complementary access, the complementary access, it's not an inspection. It's an access. So this is something to be distinguished. The complementary access can be conducted with a two hour notice to any place on a site. So if we come back to the nuclear research center in Iraq, under this complementary access, IEA inspectors could have said, okay, I wanna go there and I'm gonna be there in two hours. This was not possible by that time without the additional protocol, but now it's possible. But this two hour notice is only applicable when the inspectors are already there to conduct an inspection. Otherwise it's 24 hour notice. And very important, the IEA inspectors can't just go like that all the time on complementary access. This has to be justified. Three justification, to assure the absence of undeclared nuclear material activities, to resolve question or inconsistencies. For example, we receive information from the states, something is unclear about activities in a specific facility. Then the IEA will say, well, we will conduct a complementary access specifically for the purpose to resolve an inconsistency. And last possibility is to confirm the decommissioned status. No, because here we have access to any place on a site. For inspection, it's only on specific facilities and there are strategic points on these facilities, okay? So this is really into detail, but in the state subsidiary arrangement, you will have strategic points or areas in the nuclear facility. The states and IEA will agree on these strategic points, so we'll determine these strategic points and safeguards measures will be applied only in these strategic points, so measurements, containment, and surveillance activities, et cetera. Here, it's literally everywhere. This is why I insisted, this is not an inspection. This is going far beyond what the legal authority provided in the comprehensive safeguard agreement. Here, it's under the additional protocol. But this is not conducted on a standard basis. Inspections under the comprehensive safeguard agreement are conducted on a standard basis. For this, we have to justify it. So for states with both comprehensive safeguard agreement and additional protocol enforced, if I come back again to the simplified picture of the nuclear fuel cycle, it seems that everything is covered because the IEA has now information on all the components of the nuclear fuel cycle and even on aspect taking place in research centers or laboratories without nuclear material but conducting nuclear-related research, for example. So last part of the presentation is the way safeguards are implemented now. So this is the overview as July 2017. So as I mentioned, we have voluntary or third safeguard agreement for the five nuclear weapon states. For the main part of safeguard agreement for the non-nuclear weapon states, we have comprehensive safeguard agreement in 173 states. And for 123 states, sorry, we have both comprehensive safeguard agreement and additional protocol. And as I mentioned, these item-specific safeguard agreement for Pakistan, India and Israel so non-NPT states because they have no obligation under the NPT as they are not state parties to the NPT. Every year, the DG will report on the implementation of safeguards in this safeguards implementation report and the IEA will draw different conclusion based on the type of agreement enforced. Of course, if the IEA has a comprehensive safeguard agreement and an additional protocol in a state, we can conclude that all nuclear material remain in peaceful purposes. But if we don't have all this information, this information which has to be provided under both comprehensive safeguard agreement and additional protocol, then we cannot conclude that all nuclear material are in peaceful activities, but we will conclude that declared nuclear material are in peaceful activities. So in a nutshell, safeguards verification activities are based on safeguards agreements which are legally biding instruments. Reporting and access requirements are provided for in safeguards agreements and the protocols there too. And safeguards implementation, all the activities conducted by the IEA have the objective that the states are meeting the obligation under the legal instruments. I thank you for your attention. It was very quick. I hope it was not too complicated right after lunch, but I'm very happy to take questions if there are any. Thank you.