Everybody forced to your ripping 2022-23 prison basketball hobby four box number eight picker team style Scott Abu spurs Anthony Kings Anthony C with the Kings Anthony M bulls Benjamin C pelicans Bochia B Pacers Chris C sons Chung with the Warriors Eric W Thunder magic hunter Clippers Incu heat James G Celtics and Nuggets Jeffrey H has the Rockets and Lakers Jim S 76ers Justin P calves Landon H Hawks Lee Z Raptors Michael S. Pistons Mike Y Grizzlies Paul E Hornets Peter and Mavericks read B Bucks Robert P Blazers Ryan S jazz Shane W nets Trevor T. Nick's way being with the Wizards and when soon with the T Well, it's good luck everybody and thank you for joining again four box number eight That Yankees Guardians game sounds pretty interesting People yelling at the yombs. I'm getting hit by a ball like all right here. We go everybody. Come on now Ruby wave Joe Ingalls for the Bucks. We just got jingled silver RJ Barrett Nick's Ty Ty and we just the first jingle of the day We almost made it to we almost made it First jingle of the day. We got true gold coming. Oh, we got it hot hot hot chocolate on rookie The Andre Hunter Hawks true gold prism four of ten Congrats Hawks An expensive spot for Landon true gold prism for you. Congrats. It's a barry Smith, Jr Playoff bound Atlanta Hawks, that is Wahoos wood up Silver Yoke it's prismatic Silver rookie paint Watson nuggets J. Nibby base to Clippers Kawhi Leonard number to 199 Hyper Quentin Grimes Nick's Swept Bounds Yeah, maybe you don't think they'll get like one monument like one. Yeah, we're good. We're great Great present release day is always a good time Blue Ice Mimi Esquita Kings to 125 Got silver of the Wizards The Alan Terry Vince Williams, Jr. That sounds fun. Wahoos you did pretty well though. I'd say from what I saw Red Prism Diabato Clippers rookie to a 299 Yeah, like gentlemen's sweep. Yeah, Celtics like lay at it. Take your foot off the gas for a bit Treyman base auto thunder Hyper Keegan Murray. There you go Kings That's a nice one Bochamp hardy Our job, which I'm yeah, they'd be a game where Tatum just takes way too many threes and misses them Purple Harrow for the Sixers 50 of 99 Junior a silver true holiday bucks Arabia halibut and Caro Jade and Ivy Keegan Murray Walker Kessler Jade and Hardy Ruby wave rookie Josh for not Timberwolves Chet Holmgren Jalen Williams. Yeah, Jibberish with Junior Hyper PJ Washington, Jr. Hornets. 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It's Christian Brown in there Celtics Paul Pearson the red power to 75 39 of 75 the truth Silver Deontay Murray for the Hawks Paolo Ben caro base Christian Coloco Red Prism Kelly ubré Hornets to 299 with a Fred Brown. Wow Sonic's out of Fred Brown going to the Thunder Pulsar rookie Yang Thunder Walker Kessler Walker Kessler Ranger Two to go on every single break for the rest of the day two to go two teams up to the next one are Nets and nuggets the Yellow Pages guy.  Who do you got this afternoon angels or our nationals? That's all day, baby It is the angels Warriors blue Moses moody show Hayes on the number to 199 Hyper Kevin Carter Kings Blue ice rookie Diabata Clippers number to 125 Silver Lou Williams Hawks shade on sharp Red Rookie Christian Brown Nuggets there you go nugs a 299 One there Christian Wood Mavericks signatures base auto Hyper Embiid 76ers Matherin Caleb Houston Mackenzie were masterclass. Hey, I mean crazy things happen.  Yeah Pulsar Trey Young Hawks What they need is a hunter green fastball with Mackenzie Gore Agbaji Kendall Brown. Oh wait, that's just Nick Lodolo That's just Max Scherzer That's just Chris Hale Yeah, 2017 Chris Hale the silver fireworks guy rear vignettes Silver rookie Sohan Spurs. That's a nice one. Neymar Dell Ben Simmons blue prism the 199 for the Nets. We've got Andrew Neymar Pacers. Nice rookie auto base Hyper Roby Spurs Johnson Walker Kessler Silver prismatic Donovan Mitchell Cavaliers Silver rookie Wendell Moore Jr. Timberwolves Ruby wave Mike Conley for the jazz Pulsar Magic Johnson Lakers Chet Holmgren Jang Iverson Purple Stadamire Sons the 99 color match their sons 62 of 99 Keegan Murray inserts silver Denwoodie Mavericks Jane Hardy base Dale and Terry Ruby wave rookie Rollins for the Warriors Hyper Magic Johnson Lakers No big band caros yet today. The biggest the best one we have was a hyper. There's Bochamp Best band caro today so far is a hyper Prismatic the Rosin silver James Harden 76ers. Maybe we're due Sohan Wendell Moore Ray Allen Red prism towns to 299 Timberwolves Foul trouble Anthony Towns. Hyper Aaron Gordon Nuggets Need that name will stick Foul trouble Anthony Towns Blue ice Dominique Wilkins Hawks Now one's numbered to 125 Silver Gordon Hayward for the Hornets Kennedy Chandler Peyton Watson So the cat it's fat Foul Anthony Towns Orange Terry Rosier scary Terry numbered 15 to 49 Silver Tice Pacers Godot was on second base. It looks like Blue prism Jalen Smith to 199 Pacers Orange are points random to everybody at the end here Hyper Jason Kidd Nets Jalen Terry Points card random just a moment At the end Pulsar rookie Yovitch heat Warren Come on now Silver fearless the mellow ball Hornets Silver rookie Blake Wesley Spurs Jalen Williams Ruby way window card or junior magic Silver Gary Payton the second Blazers March on Bochamp Jaden Hardy Red Valenchianus Pelicans that's numbered to 299 Rockets nice hit here rookie signatures Tarry Eason Houston nice card Hyper Al Horford Celtics Doran base Pistons Matherin Pacers base Come on Silver fearless Edwards Silver McGowan's rookie Hornets Agbaji Kendall Brown KG Ruby way Bruce Brown nuggets a hyper PJ Washington jr for the Hornets Neymar Liddell Ruby way Will Chamberlain Lakers Pulsar magic Cole Anthony Jeremy Sohan Wendell Moore Come on last pack Silver Zach Levine for the Bulls And that will do it let's do a points random 400 points random to everybody We'll randomize five times two and three Whichever team is up top getting the points One Two three four and five Pistons get the points pistons All right recap time here. We did that gold Deandre Hunter for the Hawks Silver rookies here silver Sohan hyper Holmgren hyper Murray red brown to 299 red Diabata at 299 Blue ice Diabata to 125 purple Kendall Brown Kendall Brown this time to uh to 99 Auto redemption nuggets Peyton Watson Christian Wood Mavericks Fred Brown Sonics going to the thunder trey man thunder Nemard Pacers terry eason rockets And rookie out of base jaden hardy mavericks that will do it. Thanks again everybody on to the next one


As far as lunar mission goes, this is not one of the most popular, but it is the one that gave us the first ever view of the lunar farside. I'm Amy Shearer, and this week on Vintage Space, we're talking about the first time we ever saw the hidden face of the moon. The moon is tidally locked to the Earth. It rotates around its axis in the time it takes to make one orbit around the Earth, which means we always see the same side of the moon. The farside is always hidden, but once the space age began, the moon's mysteries or at least some of them were among the first to be solved. Both the Soviet Union and the United States started sending probes of the moon not long after getting their first satellites into orbit. Being so relatively close to home, it was a natural first target for early space missions. After launching history's first satellite out of the Earth's gravity in January of 1959, the Soviet Union launched Luna 3 on October 4th of that year, two years to the day after launching Sputnik into orbit. Luna 3 was a small, cylindrical spacecraft whose body was hermetically sealed and pressurized to 0.23 atmospheres to help keep its instruments working. Among those instruments was a dual-lens camera fixed to the end of the spacecraft, as well as an automatic film processing unit and a scanner both stored inside the spacecraft's body. Four days after launch, Luna 3 was 40,000 miles from the moon whose farside was facing the sun. When that reflected sunlight hit a photo cell on the spacecraft, it initiated the photography sequence. The first picture was taken at 39,457 miles from the surface. The last image was taken 40 minutes later from a distance of 41,445 miles. In all, Luna 3 took 29 photographs that covered about 70% of the moon's farside. The exposed film was transferred into the processing unit inside the spacecraft, where it was developed, fixed, and dried. Then it was transferred into a scanner where a cathode ray tube projected a light on the image to project it onto a photoelectric multiplier that converted the light's intensity into an electric signal. That signal was then transmitted to Earth. 17 noisy but discernible pictures were transferred to the Earth before contact with the spacecraft was lost on October 22nd. And the picture isn't nearly as clear as later images taken by Apollo astronauts, but it was good enough to serve as the basis of the first tentative map of the moon's hidden face. Even if it's not a fantastic picture, there's something about seeing something like the farside of the moon for the first time that's pretty incredible. What do you guys think of Luna 3's images? Leave your questions, comments, and any thoughts below. And for a more detailed look at Luna 3's mission, check out the latest article on Vintage Space over at Popular Science. You can grab me on Twitter as AST Vintage Space, and for weekly Vintage Space video updates, don't forget to subscribe.


The stock exchange is open and we're taking a look at the big board plan things don't look that bad things don't look that bad indeed and that's because you know we have a very strong economy and so the market has been weak over the last couple of weeks in fact last couple of months and that's probably going to be like this for the foreseeable future where we're going to see some gyrations because of what we expect the Fed action to be tomorrow we're going to be watching that obviously so let's get straight to Melissa Armo she's the owner of Stock Swoosh and she joins us on the phone to talk us through this so Melissa we've been talking a lot all week about the stock market and one of the things that we've tried to at least impart on our viewers is that because the US economy is doing so well and employment is down inflation is low there is a chance there is a chance that the the the economy could overheat which is why we're expecting the Fed the Fed action tomorrow to try and tamp that down but we will continue to see the market sort of move in these volatile quarters over the next over the next foreseeable future well good morning thanks for having me yes i i'm actually bullish in the market long term despite the sell-off recently i mean everyone is acting like it's panic city usa but if you if you look at the the trend the trend is still holding in the market and i think we're a long way off from a recession and it remains to be seen if the Fed is going to raise rates tomorrow now let's say they do i think the market is expecting them to do that so if they don't then the market could have a big rally it's not to say that the Fed isn't going to continue to raise rates they will but i don't think they have to raise them quite as fast as they've been thinking that they need to so then you know prior to this morning we've been talking about this sell-off this sell-off the sell-off can we read anything into it well there's been several reasons for the recent sell-off one is the expectation of Fed is going to raise rates another one is the possibility of a government shutdown friday the market doesn't like that another thing is all of these political things that are happening with the molar investigation and of course the tariff issue the trade war that's been going on with china is going to continue at least into early 2019 and once that 90 day deadline is up we'll have to see if any is going to get resolved because they had a summit back at the end of november if you remember and they halted the increase to the tariff so if something gets resolved within that 90 days i think the market's going to be very happy about that but if not then the tariff war would China could go into you know into the summer even in 2019 or beyond and i think that is the biggest thing overall that's weighing on the markets right now in the next you know three to six months everything else we'll know like we'll know the feds could raise rates but tomorrow and i'm sure even if the government gets shut down friday they'll they'll figure out a way to get it back up and going again but there's just so many things that are coming to a head just in the last week yeah and i like your outlook melissa you know we when i worked at alliance Bernstein we used to always say look for especially for investors out there who are not institutional players these gyrations are if you you know love the stock market if you love the particular stock at a certain price and it and it dips a little uh then this is it represents a good buying opportunity but generally smaller investors should have a three to five year look outlook anyway and so what we've seen in the last couple of weeks shouldn't affect the portfolio long-term and you said you're bullish so i think people and i you're gonna remember the market just made new highs at the beginning of october and that was only two months away so when you put it into perspective the rally that we had really since november 2016 we've had a i had a huge move so people are up so this is profit taking that you're seeing it's not like it's selling where people are down unless they got in really really late but i will say this the volatility that we've seen in 2018 is like a baby compared to what i think we're going to see in 2019 that could be like a like a land and a lion i think there is more volatility in 2019 so people need to be ready for that whatever their time horizon is they need to get with their financial advisor before january and have an outlook and a plan of action because again i'm bullish in the market but it doesn't mean we're not going to have these wild swings i think we have more of these wild swings because everything is coming to a head with with the trade wars and that could all be resolved in 2019 but until then we could see a lot more swing we gotta have melissa back on yeah good advice melissa you need to come to the set and talk to us about this we appreciate it exactly well thank you so much melissa thanks happy holidays happy holidays


Hi, I'm Richard Juday. I'm the robotic vision manager in the tracking and communications division here at the Johnson Space Center. Today we're in the hybrid vision laboratory where we do a combination of vision techniques. We use laser lights. We use spatial light modulators. And we use a thing that we'll talk about some more today, which is a image remapping technique that allows machine vision to have some of the aspects that have proven advantageous in the development of human vision and other biological human systems. The main function of the programmable remapper within the machine vision environment is to provide things like rotation invariance and scale invariance. And you have some of those features built into your vision system that you're watching the show with. You know what my face looks like as I stand here. As I stand closer or closer or closer, you don't have to remember a different shape of face because you have a character to your vision system that doesn't mind the changes of scale. Machines have more trouble with that. And we built the programmable remapper in order to assist with that kind of a problem in machine vision. Now, some of the robotic vision applications that the agency has would include working with a spacecraft in orbit. We have machines that simulate some of the change in viewing angle and distance that will be required in space operations. Beyond this kind of an application, we also intend to build vision systems that will land robotically on Mars. I am very turned on to the idea that I might be able to tell my grandkids that I worked on a vision system that enabled a robot to land on the surface of Mars. Technology utilization's interest in this particular technology is for its application to some human low vision problems. That's one of the things that the agency is supposed to do, is develop technology that can be spun off into public application. Some of the things that can help make a machine see better, we think have a solid chance of helping the person who has certain forms of diminished vision make the best use of the remaining function that he has. It's not a cure. It's not available next week. But we think that within something on the order of five years, this kind of technology, the results of our research here can't have a benefit to the low vision community within the country. I have formed an association here with Dr. David Lotion from the University of Houston's College of Optometry. Dave came and sought out what technology there might be at the Johnson Space Center that would assist him in his activities. And this is the association that resulted. Hello, I'm David Lotion, associate professor and assisted dean at the University of Houston College of Optometry. Dr. Richard Douday and I have developed a collaboration trying to bring some of this NASA technology developed using the programable remapper to a low vision application. There are many problems that individuals have with low vision. These problems usually are associated with visual field effects that is regions of the world that they cannot see. These can be mainly isolated to the central vision, as in the case of age-related maculopathy, or in peripheral vision, as in the case of retinitis pigmentosa. These individuals have problems with specific tasks, including reading, facial recognition, object recognition, mobility, and driving. Let me give you some examples of these. This is the back of the eye or the retina. This individual has age-related maculopathy. As you notice, the central portion of the retina is affected by the disease process. Individuals with this disease have difficulty reading print, because wherever they look, they will see a region that is missing or black. These individuals will also have a problem with facial recognition. Here you can see the full face, a face we all recognize. But these individuals may see something like this. All the detail of the face is missing. In the case of a peripheral field effect, as here shown with retinitis pigmentosa, again, this is the retina or the back of the eye, individuals with this disease will not see a full view of the world, but rather a very small portion or isolated part of the world. What we're trying to do with the programmable remapper is take information that would normally fall within these defects and bring it into the viable retina. Let me give you some examples of image warping. Some of these remappings, we can show you applications with a grid. Here you see a reduced field of a grid. Normally, someone with a peripheral field defect would be given a device that minifies the entire field. This would allow more information to go into the central field where they have their healthy retina. With remapping, we can take the information and actually show more information in the central field or a larger portion, a larger in the central field, and gradually go off into the periphery. And here we can get the central field exactly the same size as our reduced field, but we get more information in the periphery of the field. One of the problems with overall minification is that people lose localization within the field, and they have a hard time doing any kind of mobility that is walking. In the case of central field defect, the information with remapping is pulled outside of the central defect. You can see here a line coming down will actually be remapped around the field defect. Notice that we don't have this distortion throughout the field, but just around the defect. We don't have to remap the entire field. Instead, we can only do part of it. Here is a partial remapping where we're not taking all the information that would fall behind the defect, but just part of that information. Now this can be applied to application of reading. As you can see here, information is lost behind the defect, and it'd be difficult to read across the line. By remapping, we can take information that would normally fall behind this defect and remap it outside. There is slight distortion, but the letters are still legible.  This would make it easier, we believe, for individuals to read text. We can also apply this to facial recognition. Individuals with the central defects would see we can pull the information out of the defect. You can see here what happens when we do a complete remapping. We get a lot of distortion. However, with a partial remapping, we can get features outside of the defect that may indeed help individuals recognize faces. Let's talk about what we might be able to do with some field remapping with the machine that we have here, Dave. Suppose that a normal person's field of view about that size, then what might a person with the pigmentosa, retinitis pigmentosa that you were mentioning, what might they see? Well, Richard, that obviously has a lot of forms of disease, but they would be left with a central region of good vision, and this disease progresses. Any information that would fall out in the periphery here would actually be lost. They just wouldn't be able to see that. They wouldn't be able to see that. They'd have a very restricted field of view. That looks pretty severe. That might be like looking through a paper towel tube. Well, the obvious thing to do is just use a telescope, turn it around backwards, and shrink the whole field of view into that. That's what's done right now for the optical aid that we give individuals. The one problem with that is that first of all, they lose a lot of the resolution. By making things so small, they can't pick out objects in the field. Secondly, there's problem at localization.  And I think if I were walking down the hall, looking through a paper towel tube, I might bump into things too. That's true. You'd have a lot of difficulty with mobility. All right, so what I think I hear you saying is that in the center, you'd like to maintain a fairly high resolution of the object that we're looking at, but bring some of these picture elements that used to be outside the field of view because of the defect, and then let them jam up a little more closely together so that we have picture elements faced widely here, but close together, and the periphery of the remaining part. Would that work? I think it would work. Obviously, when you jam up your elements here, you're going to get some distortion. But again, it won't make that much difference about the distortion in that you could tell there's an object out there. Whether you can actually tell what the object is is not as important as being able to navigate around it. Okay, so the motion cues that you normally have, say as you walk down the hall and things move by you in your perspective, you can see that they're moving without being able necessarily to read the sign or tell what it is. So we might be able to retain some of that? I think so, yes. All right, well, let's go give it a try. I think I know how to do that. What we have here is the programmable remapper itself in the box underneath the monitor. It was manufactured at Texas Instruments to specifications laid out here at the Johnson Space Center. Some of the design is there, some of it is ours. It functions by taking a video image as from this camera and that video signal is fed into the remapper. There are coefficients that have been calculated offline and are entered into the remapper by floppy disks. Those coefficients are used to push picture elements around and to create a display in which a warping has occurred. Now, after that image has been warped, in this case, it is brought back and displayed here to a person who is wearing this helmet that was manufactured at the University of Houston. The displays here show what the remapped image is and they are shown to the left and to the right eyes. The same image is, I will see here as Dave will see on the monitor. And so we'll now try on the lightweight summer version of the Darth Vader helmet. Should point out also that this version that we have built here is mainly for testing. This is not gonna be the low vision device that ultimately this will be used with. The monitor, we have to set up a system like this so that we could do the testing to see how useful and how feasible this type of remapping will be for patients with low vision. All right, so what transform do you have put in here, Dave? What are we looking at? This is a full field. We really haven't done any transform at all. Actually, we're just taking the input and displaying it as an output. We're not changing the transform. We're not changing the image at all. Okay, so here we are looking at some letters on a chart. This is actually not remapped at all, Richard. What we're taking is the direct input into the remapper and it's coming out as it goes in. This would be simulating a full field. Okay, so I should regard this as my normal field of view as I look around the laboratory. That's right, and try to find to see what we got somebody over there we can. I think this might work, Dave. All right, so this is what I might see with the reduced field of view from the retinitis pigmentosa. Yes, and you can try to look around the room and see how difficult it is to find objects within the room. I can't see as much of that computer scene, nor can I see near so much of Chuck and that computer over here. Okay, well, that would be sort of hard to find things. All right, and what is it that you might be able to do for us here? With remapping. This is the remapped image, as I said, this has quite a bit of remapping on it where we have a very sharp fall off, just to give you one example. All right, so if I wanna read the words, I can put them in the center, but I don't lose them as they go off to the edge as quickly as I did the other time. It's sort of like looking at a beach ball, and if I go looking around the lab, I can now see the computer that does not have someone working at it, and let's go look at Chuck over here. Well, I can see Chuck, and I can see the computer, or, and I can resolve the computer if I want to by putting it here at the center, or I can resolve Chuck here as well. And right here I have the computer and Chuck in the same field, and I think that'd find that a little easier to use in looking around the room and trying to find all of that. Well, this is all very well for me to be looking at. I have reasonably good vision, but how are we gonna find out if this is any good for people that have a real problem? Well, our next approach, Richard, is we're going to try to have patients try looking at through this device. We're going to solicit patients from both the University of Houston College of Optometry and the White House of Houston. These patients will have several different low vision problems, and we're going to try to see how much better they can see the world with this particular device. Well, I'm looking forward to that. As I look around here, this actually seems rather easy to get used to. It'll be nice to get some practical experience with it. As we stated before also, this device will not be the final device. This has to be reduced in size and obviously, cosmesis in order for low vision patients to wanna wear something like it. Some of the technology that we are developing with the remapper has also been explored further for us by Transitions Research Corporation. They have built some robotic equipment that use this same kind of technology. Our objective here is to have a machine have some of the same kind of advantages in pattern recognition that your own eye-brain combination does in pattern recognition. Now, you're accustomed to looking at an object that would appear like so if you were looking at the front of a space shuttle. But actually what goes on in the back of your head is that this representation, as you think of it out in front of your head, really looks more like this, where there's more area. This corresponds to small radius near the center. These fins are these locations. This is what's called a log polar domain where the logarithm of the radius is in this direction and the azimuthal angle is in the vertical direction. So you see that there is more area in the brain given to the center of the object. Now, the advantage for pattern recognition is that as one were to take this object and were to rotate it or to change size on it that as appears here in this lower diagram that its representation here in the log polar domain is merely a translation of what one sees in the upper picture. So you don't have to remember and learn a really different representation of the object just that it has slid over and slid up compared with the method in which you learned it originally. Now, in another simplistic application of this technology, a centering algorithm is very easy to implement if in some of our space applications you need to track an object, keep a camera system pointed right toward that object, then in this as a Cartesian representation of that object you can see that in order to center this object you'd push on it here and let it protrude further on this side of these circles. Well, these red and blue circles if you were to take them over here into the log polar representation become this vertical straight line, this red and this vertical straight line which is blue and you see that in order to center the object the expression of that action over here becomes find the place where the object sticks out the farthest and in a purely left right sense and push to the left on that protrusion which will have this matching protrusion come out. When your two highest protrusions are the right distance on this chart which is about like so separated from each other then that object is centered and that's the algorithm that is implemented in the version of the tracking that we will shortly show you. Okay, what should be happening now is that the robot is looking for the place from which the docking target bears just the right kind of resemblance to what it has been told to look for. When it finds that place it will align itself to be on the axis of the docking target all done visually now as a machine vision process and we'll then dock with that docking target. Okay, it's looking for the places where the bulges that result from the fact that the box is not a sphere but is instead a cylinder where those bulges appear at the right orientation in its field of view. It should be very close to that by now, okay. What we have here is the video, the same as you would expect to see it with your eyes of the video camera looking at the docking target and the top you have the representation of that object as the robot sees it and this looks very much like what the part of the, what this image would look like in the back of your head in the brain. Now we'll give the thing a bit of an offset just to make the problem harder and we will tell the tracking system now just to go dock with this target. Okay, well here we'll start the demonstration. The robot now centered the docking target and you can see that it's staying in the center to peel off this overlay that we use just to make this a little more easy for us to see. Now what we are seeing is this is the, what we call a Cartesian representation of this object. It's the television image in much the same form as you're accustomed to looking at it yourself but what's happening in the back of your head is more nearly like what we see in the upper region where this is the log polar version of this lower image. Now what the robot is doing is it's, because this is a cylinder, it has bumps on it compared with what it would look like if it were a sphere or just a circle and it has found the place where those bumps are in just the orientation that it wants at about this angle. Now it's going to lower, you see that it's, it's jumping, it's lowering until the bumps have mostly disappeared and now it's coming in on a straight on approach to the doffy target. And so you're looking at the nose of the spacecraft. Ah, we made it.


We have already looked at fossil fuels and renewable resources, today in today's module we are going to start looking at resource economics. So we will start with some of the earliest studies and the earliest research which was done on non-renewable or fossil resource economics. We start with way back in the 1930s Harold Hotelling was an economist who was concerned about resources, published a paper and we will upload the original paper for you to look at. But in the introduction of that paper he talks about contemplation of the world's disappearing supplies of minerals, forests and other exhaustible assets has led to demands for regulation of their exploitation and the feeling that these products are now too cheap for the good of future generations that they are being selfishly exploited at too rapid a rate and that in consequence of their excessive cheapness they are being produced and consumed wastefully has given rise to the conservation movement. So this was the initiation of his study, remember this is 1930s an era where we were thinking that we have abundant fossil fuels, abundant material and the idea is to try and use them at a fast pace so that the world develops and the economy is developed. And this was the first paper which talked about a fundamental theory to look at how much should we produce in a particular year given the fact that the overall resources are finite and that is also called in literature as the mind managers problem. So we will start with his analysis and then we will build on that and see how to work that. So this is the paper which was published in the economics of exhaust, this is the paper title was economics of exhaustible resources it was published in 1931 and it starts with the idea that we have a function in the tth year the profit that a mind manager has is Pt where Pt is the market price of the resource let us say coal or oil market price of the resource per unit of course and Qt is the production or the output of that resource in the tth year output of resource in the tth year in period t. So this will be Pt into Qt minus the cost that means there is a marginal cost of the resource for extraction of the resource there is an amount that we have to pay to extract the resource marginal cost of the resource which in our simplest model we will assume that to be constant assume to be constant. So from that Pt Qt which is the revenue we subtract minus C into Qt this is the profit in the tth year. Now for a mind the decisions that we have to take are how much should we produce in each of the years and then you are going to have a production till the time when the entire resource gets utilized and that is where it gets exhausted. So if we look at this we are looking at the mind owner having a fixed stock of homogeneous resource let us call that Q max and that is the total amount of coal or oil whatever we have in the mind and we are saying that the fixed cost of extraction which is C. So we are trying to get the discounted value of the profit. So we want to maximize t equal to 0 to t we want to maximize the profit and this profit remember just we discussed in the economics portion when we looked at a project each year we will have a profit. So you will have like profit pi 1, pi 2 and so on till the resource gets utilized. So each one will be the different values which you have will be defined as pi t divided by so we will take the discounted sum of this. So we will take this as we are maximizing this. Take to the constraint t is equal to 0 to t Q t is equal to Q max. Naturally this constraint in the when you get the maximum profit the entire resource will be utilized. So the decision is we have a total amount of resource we want to decide how much should we mine each year till the resource gets over and in each year based on this we are getting a certain amount of profit that is discounted that is summed up and we get the net present value of all the profits that is what we want to maximize. So this is a classic optimization problem where we can see the time horizon t is exogenously determined we have to find out what is that time horizon t. We can form the Lagrangian and then differentiate it to get the optimum. So the problem which has been defined is simply sigma t is equal to t pi t by 1 plus d raised to t. d is the discount rate and in Hotelling's original formulation he talked about this as the interest rate. But we now know that when we are looking at this it is the discount rate that we should really be talking about. So this pi t we can write this down in this form t is equal to 1 0 to t p t Q t minus c q t 1 plus d raised to t subject to sigma t is equal to 0 to t Q t is equal to Q max. This is an equality constraint and we are maximizing an objective function subject to an equality constraint we can use the method of Lagrange multipliers we can create the Lagrangian and then differentiate it with respect to the variables. So the Lagrangian that we will get will be Lagrangian will be sigma t is equal to 0 to t p t Q t minus c q t by 1 plus t raised to t. This is the original objective function plus lambda there is only one constraint lambda we associate a Lagrange multiplier with respect to that constraint and we take that constraint as Q max minus sigma Q t. This is the Lagrangian that we have constructed remember this is the objective function this is the constraint which we have multiplied by the Lagrange multiplier and added it to the modified objective function. Now we can differentiate this with respect to the variables. What are the decision variables? What are the variables that we have the variables are Q t that means Q 1, Q 2, Q 3 and so on till it gets depleted. So this we can differentiate del Lagrangian by del Q t and this will come to p t minus c and then when you differentiate this Q max is constant this will have a term minus lambda is equal to 0. We have equations so we will have this as the equations that we have you will have del by del Q t we can essentially we will have this as t is equal to 0, 1, 2 and so on to t. So if you look at this what will be there is that lambda will be p t minus c by 1 plus d raise to t that is the Lagrange multiplier and this is constant across the time intervals. So if we write this down we will find that p 0 minus c by 1 plus d raise to 0 which is 1 is equal to p 1 minus c by 1 plus d equal to p t minus c by 1 plus d squared and so on. So if you look at this this is essentially what we get is p t is constant plus lambda into 1 plus d raise to t. So the price is equal to the marginal cost of extraction plus a user cost which increases with the time. So if we look at what is this difference between p t minus c which is the profit that we are getting if we take return r t plus 1 minus r t by r t we will get this as per unit profit that we are getting or return is increasing has to increase year by year the revenue in time t this is r t is p t minus c revenue per unit in time t has to increase on a year to year basis at the discount rate. So that is what we have shown that would mean that in general what will happen is that the price if the c is constant price will increase with the with time and the rate of increase would be at the rate of the discount rate. So if you look at it in terms of a graph what we will get is you will get that if you have this is the marginal cost which is c which is constant and we start with price and time till the time when we will actually t when it becomes so costly that q t becomes equal to 0. Now this can be put in the form of what is known as a demand curve but before we see the demand curve and we will look at what the result which Hotelling put in his paper and the result shows that the market price of a resource net the extraction cost must rise at a rate equal to the rate of interest and this is what was there in his paper but we know subsequently that when we are looking at this we are basically talking of the market price of a resource net its extraction cost will be rising at the discount rate and that is when we talk of an exhaustible resource we will try to get the optimal strategy is to see that the price minus the extraction cost divided by 1 plus d raised to t is constant across different time intervals and that gives us basically an optimal extraction strategy. Now let us move forward and look at what we understand as a demand curve so typically what happens is for any commodity when we look at price and quantity typically what happens is that as the price of the quantity increases the quantity demanded decreases so you have we have something like this which is this is a something called a demand curve. This is a linear demand curve and typically what we will do is we will say quantity is a function of the price that is typically what we expect this is a sort of linear correlation. Now one of the things when we want to understand in economics when we talk in terms of the demand we define something called an elasticity and it is called the price you would have studied this in your basic economics we talk about elasticity and we will talk in terms of a price elasticity of demand and that typically is that if we say that suppose the price of a commodity or a good increases by 1 percent what happens what is the percentage change of demand for a unit percentage change in the price. So the way we define this is we define an elasticity which will be the delta dqt by qt divided by dpt by pt. So this is and in general what will happen is as the price increases the quantity demanded will be decreasing so this could this would generally be a negative term. Of course in the elasticity we may take the elasticity and we may take the absolute value of the elasticity. So this is what we can define as an elasticity of price and of course remember that as prices increase in the short term depending on the kind of good and service sometimes if prices increase for instance the prices of onions in seasons sometimes increase very drastically sometimes you can substitute onions by something else at some points in some cases for instance if you are looking at using a certain amount of elasticity and the price increases in the short run you may still require that elasticity and you have no option but to pay that price. So then the demand may be considered you might have an relatively demand where there is it is inelastic so even if the price increases it may not change much. On the other hand you might have possible substitutes and you might be able to instead of electricity you may be able to use some other source of energy so then there would be an elasticity. So there in all these cases we have we define two terms one is a short term elasticity and then there is a long term elasticity. Normally long term elasticity is higher because you can actually put in investments so that you can have different kinds of substitutes and there are different studies by which we estimate these long term and short term elasticities. So we will take the demand curve that we have and then define this in terms of an inverse so we said demand curve is where you have qt as a function of pt. We will talk about an inverse demand curve and here we will say pt is a-bqt. So if you look at the figure here you will see that this corresponds and we are saying a greater than 0, b greater than 0 then you have a straight line where as there is a certain point at which your at a particular pt where the pt goes very high then the qt is equal to 0 and so on. So this is the kind of inverse demand curve. Let us now calculate for this what is the elasticity of this demand curve. We want to calculate what is the t dqt by d pt and to pt by qt. So if you see this, this is going to be d pt by dqt is equal to minus b and so the elasticity is we look at d pt by dqt and pt is a-bqt. So you will see that essentially at different points the elasticity will change at different points on this curve. So you look at this and you will see that this is minus a by bqt plus 1, 1 minus a by bqt and so this is the kind of calculation that you can do. You will see that in this kind of curve what will happen is that you will be able to calculate and you will have the values will be different at different points. It is not a constant elasticity curve. There is we can also look at an equation where we talk of a different kind of curve where you have a constant elasticity curve and then in the constant elasticity curve you will see that we can look at this. This is the kind of curve which we will have. In this case pt we can write down an expression for pt which is a by qt raised to b. This is another inverse demand curve where essentially so at t tends to infinity the qt tends to 0. So in general this is a constant and we look at let us look at the calculating the elasticity of this curve. So if we look at d pt by dqt this is going to be a minus bqt raised to minus b minus 1 and if we look at the elasticity which we had if we look at the elasticity this is going to be now we are going to calculate this as pt by qt into d pt by dqt which is we have a minus bqt raised to minus b minus 1. And if we see this, this becomes qt raised to minus 1 plus 1 0. So this is qt raised to minus b and pt is nothing but a by qt raised to b. So this is minus a b qt raised to minus b this cancels and so you get 1 minus 1 by b. If it is the modulus value then this is 1 by b. So if you see this a and b are constants, so this curve essentially represents a constant elasticity


I'd like to introduce ourselves. My name is Greg Lolley. My wife Carol. We own Mayan Farm We're basically a medicinal plant farm. We started out doing more vegetables and Doing market type vegetable stuff, but in the last few years We've kind of shifted a little bit and started leaning more toward the specialty crop medicinal plant market We sell here at the farm store and we sell at the East Chase in Montgomery And then we go to Wittonka once a month on Thursdays for their market day We started this whole thing as a vehicle to in retirement. I retired in 2017 I graduated high school in 1975. There was a lot of greening of America and I was I was into it But the thing about it was at the time I didn't think I could make any money at it So I ended up going to college and got a degree in electronics and then went into aviation But in reality, it's took me 40 something years to get back to where I probably was the most happiest in my whole life So I'm back doing what I think I was started to do at the very beginning I wanted to talk to you a little bit about Meringa today It's one of our main items that we grow here as far as medicinal plants and and it being food So we try to concentrate on Having our food as medicine instead of having to take a medicine Let's just have our food be our medicine. And so Meringa is one of those kinds of things and as you can see the stops here are from where I cut them down last year. They are actually a Tropical type plant, so they can't take pretty much below about I don't know maybe 45 degrees or so They'll start dropping their leaves off So what I do is I come in here in the fall and I'll cut it off Just like you saw right there and this is new growth that's come up from the bottom the root that's still there So this comes up like this during the During the spring and then as it goes You'll see it'll get taller and taller But these are the leaves and we eat the leaves off of and this will actually grow to be 25 to 30 feet Tall by November, so I usually will leave Maybe a quarter of these two rows right here. I'll leave them to go to seed Basically, and then we take those seeds and we sell them and you can see they They come out like that with about maybe eight or ten or twelve different kinds of Stops that come out, but they do that every year and that you can cut them right back to the ground and they just come right back Known a lot of places as the never die tree Another thing that we do around here is we plant a lot of country This is a country plant right here. This is one we planted in and generally there's some all along in this row with the Moringa Country is a good Accumulator type plant has a deep tap root goes down real deep brings up a lot of Nutrients up to the top. Of course the Moringa does the same thing. It has extremely long tap root So we really don't have to do a whole lot of watering or anything to them Once they get established, you don't really have to worry about it a whole lot But we plant a lot of the country around it's another one of those Those plants that are that are good to be planted around your other stuff Another thing too is if you look right here, this is actually elderberry. This is the elderberry right here also something we do here that that most of your Permaculture type people will understand and that is that we have a hugel pile right here This is a hugel culture. But basically what it is a dug a big hole. We actually cut down a big oak tree over by the barn and so we didn't want the wood to just rot away So we took that and buried it here and then piled the soil back on top of it So we grow herbs and things on top of this, but there's a lot of medicinal type plants and a lot of them You know, it's like when people say they they talk about weeds. They are weeds, you know, but weeds are Are a useful thing. I don't think there's any non useful plants on the earth I think God made every plant to have a use and so Even though these weeds aren't doing exactly what we think they ought to One of the premises that we operate on is that, you know, I'll let a weed grow To the point to where it's about the seed and even sometimes if I want more of that weed To let it go. I'll let it go to seed But there's a function that that weed is taking place. It's doing a function for me So, you know, I don't have Where with all the knowledge to be able to understand what all is going on in this system here but I do know that There are no Junk plants. They're only plants that are Successional and they're trying to do something to your soil They're trying to mediate or fix some kind of an action that's that's happened on the soil whether it be compaction or whether it be you know, some chemical or or I mean any number of different things, but all these weeds are nothing but successional plants I try to work within that system whatever it is in that system so that I can reap the best benefit that I can Okay, so what we've done here we we've kind of made a little bit of a transition I'm trying to do some different things inside the tunnel house Not so much just regular vegetables with more to this specialty crop. So this is all Ginger right here that are in bags So I'm experimenting with the bags because what I've noticed is that a lot of times it's it's really hard to Get the soil off of the the ginger so you spend a lot of time So I'm hoping that with the bag and my mixture that I'll be able to wash the ginger real easy and it be able to Be a better product for me and I can get a premium price for it so the same kind of thing here is These are turmeric here. These are all turmeric except for this. This is actually a Avocado that was in the in the Compost pile that sprouted Girls that pulled it up and to here plant that so I put it in here We'll see how it does but anyway, we're just kind of trying to transition some of this tunnel house over to more I'm probably going to plant some ginger in the ground just to see how it does too So I wanted to talk a little bit about the turmeric that I was talking about these are actually ones that I have started in these little bags and You can see They're beginning to sprout there. That's that's a black turmeric right there So I have about four different kinds of turmeric that that I grow I'm trying to really Concentrate and grow more of the Other types of turmeric because they all have medicinal value. Everybody knows about the curfew milonga But now some of these other ones that green and the black and some of the others are for other different kinds of things so they Are just used for different things, but as you can see they're just beginning to Sprout there and I'll put that in one of those bags in there and They'll come along and by September or so they will have drawn enough to where I can harvest those These are IBC totes that we have bought For thinking that we do some kind of a rainwater catchment system But when we got the grant or the equipped cost share for the well We kind of shifted a little bit and we didn't have to Do the rainwater harvesting we didn't think we wanted to anymore because we had a well So I had all these totes that I had bought so I said well I could go ahead and get some soil and fill them up And these are actually open on the bottom so they go all the way through the soil So they're not any kind of a bottom in them or anything like that They're just cut out on the top and the bottom of it and then I took the IBC tote and cut it in half and the reason why I put this it's actually signed material for my Signs on the side of the road that I bought and Take that and put it over the white plastic or because it has no UV protection in it hardly at all So it really deteriorates really really fast. So if you have a access to some IBC totes they make great beds But you just have to put a little bit of something over the plastic to make sure they don't Detiorate because of the UV These are elderberries that are flowers and this is just one that started from a stick That I just stuck in the ground. I went to a friend of mine's house And I like the way it looked because it was a big plant Some people don't like the big plants. There are plants that they need to be big and some of them need to be small because of where you put them But but this one I thought would go good here because it was like my primary place And like I was talking about if I have if I have vegetables or something planted there And I took that away then those mycelium will be able to migrate to the roots of the of the elderberry more elderberries flowers Of course the twist jar doesn't like the heat You see it's it's kind of unhappy but Kale we like to grow kale These are some Chinese Chinese vegetables we like the bok choy and tatsoi and we like to stir fry those and we have patty pan squash there and on the other end of that we have going up that way is Roselle Roselle is a I'm sure you probably have heard of hibiscus tea. It's where you get your calyx is a hibiscus tea comes from But we grow a lot of those because the meringa and the hibiscus go really well together because of the properties that both of them have for helping with blood sugar and blood pressure So a lot of people will take hibiscus flowers and put them with the meringa and make a tea out of it So we wanted to be able to grow our own Hibiscus also so that whenever somebody bought it they knew that it came from us and it was all totally grown here So these are winter huckleberries here They're coming along are not winter huckleberries.  It's value-added type stuff But uh, it's a good good one for around here But uh, those are all the rest of the patty pans now these This is a stinging nettle. So don't touch that Uh, we use it in a lot of our salves and creams and stuff like that So a lot of these things that have the flowers in them and stuff like that You know mother nature doesn't like to be uncovered. So mother nature like all moms like to be covered So, uh, she doesn't like to have uh her Her skin which is a soil Uncovered so we try to cover everything up and I'm I'm very I'm okay with A few weeds here and there until they start You know causing a problem because I know that they're they're having a function. They're they're performing a function And uh, they're part of the system and uh, I'm the alien So I'm just trying to work within the system um We had grown last year we grew all Uh, plantain. This is plantain right here and you probably see that all along and the way you can tell plantain is it has five veins In the leaf you see that right there has five veins So if you see that that five vein leaf pretty much that's going to be a plantain of some type Far as I know I've not seen anything else add to five distinct ridges in it like that but um This is good for a lot of different things good for sabs and things like that and um I mentioned a while ago. I mentioned metamucil and metamucil is actually made from the seed From the plantain plant is psyllium That is where psyllium comes from it comes from the plantain plant So, uh, we grow a lot of these for our medicinal type stuff So a lot of these things though are about to be transitioned over into turmeric So I have a lot of turmeric as you saw a while ago that'll be coming along so we'll be planting those out so A lot of this stuff will will become all turmeric And this is another type of plantain. This is it's still plantain It's just a different variety and you can still see the same see the same vein pattern Just like we did before It's got those high ridges on the veins there And it'll have five or or maybe even seven Sometimes but uh, you can see that's a little bit different than the other one makes a real wide leaf So if you wanted a poultice to be made out of plantain, then you'd want the wide leaf So there's some of its wide leaf some of its Never leaf But you can see the bee the bee is really working on that right there on that plantain flower That's one of the things about having all these type of Flowers and and different kinds of plants that bloom at different times You can see there. We don't have a whole lot of other things, but Different bees like different things so You know, we want to provide as much natural Environment for these insects that we can So we want to look at our our system as a whole And not just as an isolated Incident or whatever This is one of our bug hotels is what we call them. It basically is just a place for animals insects We've had we have birds going in there the birds know that the bugs live in there, too So we actually have birds that come in and and raid the nests of the bugs that are living inside the bug hotel But it's all part of the system so These places that these bugs can go and hibernate and and raise their young and and do all these kinds of things That they would normally do out in the in the normal system We want to provide some habitat for that We want the whole complete system working here. We don't want to leave anybody out because Everybody is part of the system And all it is is just different Basically stuff like there's cardboard in a in a milk jug, you know and some pieces of metal And you know it could be pretty much anything but the only thing is you have to watch out because You are inviting wasp and wasp are a big part of our system Now and they generally won't mess with you unless they feel threatened and you're touched their House or something like that their nest But you always have to be careful because you are living with these things and we have lots of spiders We have lots of wasps. We have lots of All kinds of things that are trying to hurt you But we just try to stay out of their way and work within their system because you know, they were here a long long time before we were But one of the bug hotels This is called a bitter melon and bitter melon is one of those stall warts, I guess you'd say of our urethic medicine This is one of our big ones right here that we grow it goes right along with turmeric and ginger We have mullin here This is mullin it's Native to around here and this The way we got started with mullin was we went and and grabbed this will actually make a Big stalk that'll come up that'll have the seeds on it So we went and we collected the stalk and we kind of throw it out the seeds here And you can see there's another one over there and this one right here and there's several here and there So I wanted to talk to you a little bit about what we're going to do back here This actually was done last year and we grew one crop Or I say we grew one crop we we grew one crop for the deer is what we did last year They pretty much ate everything But I think what we're going to do and we did this because of the micro irrigation to get the equip cost share on micro irrigation So we got that and we've got the well house there I still don't have the irrigation run from The well house out to the tunnel house, but that's what that Pex pipe will be for there But the plan is back here on this back side that is actually a south facing hill So this is one of the reasons why we bought this place because it was on a east west pretty much north south Square sitting and so that hill was on the on the south side. So my plan is to have Some fruit tree guilds back there And so those fruit tree guilds will consist of A fruit tree or a nut tree one or the other and then it'll have associated trees that will be around it It would be something like maybe Of course, we would have elderberries there We would have different kinds of other berries like blueberries those kinds of things as bushes But basically what we want to do is we want to start off with the Some kind of a fruit tree or nut tree and then have associated trees around it and basically a permaculture fruit tree guild type of thing and actually have some vegetables down here in the bottom one of the things that we've found Is at the farmers market. We do really well with plants and a lot of them are And I guess maybe we're becoming a little bit more known for permaculture type plants and Regenerative type plants, I guess you'd say as a new and beginning farmer you got to look at different ways that you can make money and the ways that you can monetize what you're doing and Capture as much as you can whenever you go to the farmers market for your time that you're doing there So you don't want to go to the farmers market and sell a few vegetables and come back home and wish you'd been able to sell more So you want to have something like this. So if somebody's not buying vegetables They could be You know buy it a plan or something like that, you know we've had a lot of success with Being affiliated with the new and beginning farmer program whenever we first got started Had it not been for those words of wisdom that we got from farmers and and from People who were working with the beginning farmer program that kind of guided us through some of the I guess government bureaucracy and Not even knowing what question to ask when you go down to the nrcs of the fsa office They really helped us formulating the questions that we needed to ask to get the help that we needed We were able to secure a tunnel house Equip in 2015 we completed the tunnel house in 2016 right around july august of 2016 and then We also a couple of years later received through SAR and Auburn University They came down and put netting around our tunnel house so that we could participate in the Studies that they had on on bugs inside and outside the tunnel house and see how effective the The Netting was working into that kind of thing and then a little bit later than that We actually came up and got a micro irrigation Equip grant or cost share and we also received one for the well So those are the last two things that we've done, but like I said had it not been for the Alabama new and beginning farmer program We probably would be nowhere near where we are today Because of the the knowledge that they had already to kind of get us in the right direction and I think that's important to all new and beginning farmers to have a mentor Or someone who can help them as they navigate all these government agencies and Trying to ask the right question in the right office to get the help that you need Another one be open to changing midstream because you one of the things about being a new farmer and is being able to shift and to change And be able to go to where Where your niche is whatever your niche might be I think probably every new and beginning farmer needs to have that in their thought process of where they fit Into the overall Makeup of the farming community and and don't try to grow everything that somebody else is growing Find something that is it works on your land let your land dictate to you What you should grow on your land Just be willing to change and be willing to be a mentor a bit to have a mentor and to be able to listen and to Take from that experience as my Grandmother used to say take a page out of somebody else's book. You know, that would be one of the biggest things


What's going on everyone Sam here late in sports cards rip in 2022 prison World Cup soccer hobby three box break number eight random team style Here's a look again at your random results as always you can find these on the website under the results tab as well as where I'll show On the website Lincoln chap, baby. Let's do it Three What are you three? It's up KJ. No, they don't let they never let me leave Ryan Ryan. I have like a permanent room here now Oh, we're probably gonna wind up see there. I haven't seen daylight in In years Yeah, I'm in his cases place All right, good luck here everybody There's Miguel or yours of all for Spain on the hyper you already telemons for Belgium. That's true Purple Vinnie, Jr. Nice 25 out of 199 congrats Quit being so good That's silver Moises Casino and Jeremy Sarmiento forces on a stretch Wait to that last day he's gonna be done man hurt in that last day. Yeah, that's Andrea scov Olson red to 399 oh Gold Eden and Thorgan hazard for Belgium Ten of ten congrats Tim B with Belgium. Let's go dude Nice one there Eden and Thorgan hazard That's sick man. Yeah, get that into a mag for you congrats again Belgium Hazard hazard warning hazard warning. That's good silver Pedro Miguel for Qatar Yeah, I pulled one a couple boxes. I think for us pulled a couple today Maya Yoshida for Japan and there's Tim. There you go Tim. That's a nice card man to me Yeah, sweet police it which was really cool Francis our French Rico Valverde for what a guy Christian Erickson Leon Goretzko Yeah, they're like they're like case hits as opposed to like one in five or ten cases. Yeah, they're a little easier to pull Manuel a Kinji are Kinji for Switzerland to 299 Rogelio Funes Mori auto coming up here. It's gonna be Kristen Polisic Nice 18 out of 199 Congrats, who's got the USA Stefan P? Let's go dude Captain America congrats Stefan that into my these next ones are really sick to man back-to-back big cards for USA we've got 15 of 22 Brendan Aaronson on the maroon Our back-to-back Stefan just absolutely killed that pack right there killed it Heck yeah, dude Probably know but recap. Yeah Banger pack is right Fabino um, there's they have a lot of good guys playing right now plus you have David Beckham, too When I walk in LSE for one pack honestly men Pink Christian Polisic this time nice dude. Wow Stefan great break for you, man Joseph Bracalo There's a Hannibal on the back That's a great box so far Plus we had a gold in this box, too So we pull heat man. That's how we do it silver Dominic like Lava Kovic for Croatia LeCocco in Cortois for Belgium Michael Jordan And Karim Adiyemi Coby Coby Yeah, Giorina's he's in this for the USA. Yeah, yeah, we got a lot of guys in this That is Arthur Teati for Belgium on the rookie cracked ice Germany cup card Lee Roy Sane Oh Stuck in my head now, dude That owns so much real estate in my head Silver Yudo Naga Tomo Japan yes, Japan I'm just happy to be here. There you go Kyle Marcelo Flores from Mexico Got that right Korea Republic Bangers David wrong The same non-coast, you know, I know it's raining in the water Miquel dams guard for Denmark That's Ismael Ismael Assar Senegal cream Benzema. There's a blue Matiste Lee To 299 for the Netherlands followed by a Daniel Mallon for the Netherlands as well scores club insert spots really quick here again for to go on number 21 guys for pick your team of One and one we've got a Four Netherlands that's gonna be mark over Mars. Nice one there. I'm not dropping that one-on-one link. What do you get a chance? and We've got for Serbia Stra Strahinja Pavlovich to 99 Thanks Sean Sean just dropped you guys the link to that Pick your team We've got he John Hwang Nuno Mendez is oh boy Abdul Rahman greeb for Saudi Arabia Bruno Fernandez Portugal sup Brett Stop dude silver Hannibal Mejri for Tunisia Going well man Still have it last time we go Sally Sally Careful Martin Ali rookie from Brazil cracked ice Kyle Walker for England. Nice one there. There you go Kyle Thomas party, I'm like I'm in an alternate dimension That's gonna be Jose Maria Hemenez for you to go I Francisco Calvo for Costa Rica Lucas Hernandez France is Nahul Molina For Argentina, that's why Portugal cop card face Gavi yeah, same. Wow That is Trent Sainsbury for Australia blue to 299 a Charles they cattle are a new era silver Ronaldo base on the back Portugal Silver min-q song for career Republic Christian Pulisic phenomenons face oh boy Origins 15 or 60 we're gonna have all the pats hits. I don't know man. I think both We've got purple mojo mark Anthony K for Canada. There you go Isaac nice 11 out of 49 Grats Isaac John Luca Buccio Ricardo Pepe Out of yummy rookie And base That's what you're saying is just by both. I Don't know which one would have the big pats hits man. Hopefully both. Hopefully both Last box last three boxer the night Look here. Everybody got a couple half casers coming up Silver Yacir al-Sharani Was he I didn't hear that Tim honestly Ricardo Pepe was left off the USA team currently Interesting silver Christian Erickson nice one there for Denmark Franky De Young and Ryan Gravenberg Netherlands base There's a Takumi Minamino for Japan on the hyper career Republic Cup card. They've got a cool logo Ronaldo base These oh, yeah, the pedigrees are the pedigrees are case hits, which is awesome. Yeah, that's a big one That's Gonzalo Plaza for Ecuador on the hyper Serbia Cup card. Let's see steady blue mojo of That's gonna be a fecundo Pelistry for Uruguay nice 55 out of 75 Isaac again. There you go. Isaac. I say guys buddy Nice little color match for you there too, man Felicic. Oh, yeah, even if it's a Even if it's a vet as long as it's a case hit man. That's always big There's the print. Obviously the print runs so much shorter, but we've got Dominic Liva Kovic That is to 399 Silver of Rafael Lialo and Joe Felix Give you one more color and you'll be happy. I gotta do that man. One more England color coming up Three Bruno Ramirez, that's gonna be Shuichi ganda for Japan rookie silver Maya Yoshida for Japan again Joe Consola silver Allison for Brazil Jeremy Doku for We had a turned around silver of our note just base never mind That was a silver, but no I see you for me Sean They deceived me. I know I am honestly red of That's gonna be a Jewish and Bennett The 399 for Costa Rica that is Moses Casino Penny give me one second after this break. I'll explain exactly what I think what exactly what my idea of that one's gonna be Oh, God, I'm gonna go Molina. We've got a Nahid Anandes for Uruguay there you go Isaac Congrats man first break mojo right there It's good Heck yeah Nice auto man day. Absolutely. We've got Bruno Fernandez on the purple to 199 for Portugal nice one there Portugal You can throw this in the recap. Yeah, Julian Alvarez silver phenomenons Yeah, no everything you put in is perfect and the only higher number stuff if it's like somebody notable That isn't enough for a mag You already telemons on the cracked ice for Belgium show Felix I'll take a look after this I'll take a look after this break out a pink coming up here Idrisa Gouye for Senegal not numbered pink Yeah, I will I already did for the most part Yeah, for sure quick recap here guys we've got Bruno Fernandez purple To 199 That is Nahid Anandes for Uruguay Facundo Pellistry Uruguay to 99 no 75 mark Anthony K for Canada to 49 Mark Overmars Netherlands Brendan Aronson to 22 for the US Gold the Thoregon and Eden Hazard for Belgium and then a Christian Felicich Silverado 18 out of 199 for the US of A that'll do it for the break there guys. Thanks again for the fill next up six boxers