Hello everyone, welcome to today's video on the topic interaction of electromagnetic radiation with the atmosphere. In this particular lecture, we will be talking about how EMR interacts with the various constituents of the atmosphere and its influence on remote sensing that we do. In the last lecture, we saw that whenever a medium through which EMR is travelling is actually a lossy medium, then the EMR will undergo scattering and absorption that is the total energy of EMR will be reduced by these two processes and same two processes will happen in the atmosphere. Atmosphere contains several gases, dust particles, aerosols and other constituents which will interact with the electromagnetic radiation which will reduce its final intensity. So as I said atmosphere will interact with electromagnetic radiation through scattering and absorption. How scattering will occur? Scattering will occur because of presence of tiny gas molecules or aerosol particles. Aerosol means some sort of dust may be present like wind may be blowing carrying some dust particles or like when people like burns stubble it will create dust all these things. These are called aerosols basically. So when aerosols are present, when gas molecules itself or when like rain drops, ice particles etc. When these things are present in the atmosphere, they cause scattering. Similarly, the gas molecules present in the atmosphere such as CO2, water vapor etc will absorb some amount of radiation for changing its nature to some extent. So energy will be both absorbed as well as scattered. First we will see about scattering in the atmosphere. The scattering of EMR in the atmosphere can be classified into 3 types Raleigh scattering, Mi scattering and non-selective scattering. So those 3 are listed here in this slide Raleigh, Mi and non-selective. The 3 types of scattering that occurs in the atmosphere as we have already studied scattering reduces the amount of useful energy that is say light rays coming in this particular direction. The presence of gas molecules or dust here will scatter this radiation in different different direction and if we are like placing some sensor here, the net energy coming in the direction will be reduced. So scattering reduces the amount of useful energy in the given intended direction and also introduces some unwanted radiation in the image, unwanted radiation in the sense say here radiation is scattered in different directions. After some time this scattered radiation also will reach the surface through different means or the different intensities. So basically scattering at one hand reduces the amount of energy coming in in the particular direction. On the other hand it adds some component of scattered energy like all points on the earth surface will receive some energy in addition to sun's direct energy. This additional energy is actually coming in from the radiation that is left in the atmosphere itself through scattering. So, what are these 3 types of scattering? First we will start with Raleigh scattering. Raleigh scattering is also known as molecular scattering. As the name suggests this scattering occurs due to tiny gas molecules present within the atmosphere. The molecules when the size of the molecules is like too small, too small is like much less than 10 times of the wavelength involved that is say, see if the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation let us say it is around like 0.5 micrometer. If the molecule size is like size is much less than say 0.5 like 1 tenth of the molecules or 1 tenth of the incoming EMR then this particular EMR will undergo Raleigh scattering. So, Raleigh scattering will happen when the molecules has a size much smaller than the wavelength that is coming and interacting with the molecule and this Raleigh scattering varies inversely with the fourth power of wavelength that is the amount of scattering will be proportional to 1 by lambda power 4 that is as the lambda becomes smaller and smaller the amount of scattering will be keep on increasing. If we take visible light say visible light consists of 3 colors primary colors blue green and red 0.4 to 0.5 micrometers 0.5 to 0.6 micrometers and 0.6 to 0.7 micrometers. This is the wavelength range of these 3 primary colors as we know and we normally see the sky in bright blue color if the sky is really clear without any sort of like lot of clouds and dust particles around we see the sky as blue in color this is primarily because of Raleigh scattering. I just listed the wavelength of 3 primary colors blue green and red among these 3 whichever eyes can see blue has the shortest wavelength. So, the amount of scattering that blue undergoes is much higher than the amount of scattering that green or red will undergo. Hence what will happen when the sunlight enters the atmosphere carrying blue green and red blue will be scattered to a larger extent in the top of the atmosphere like top of the atmosphere itself only the remaining portion will reaches. So, the blue is now scattered all along the atmosphere itself it is not reaching the earth surface that is why we see the sky as blue in color blue is now scattered entirely on the atmosphere. Similarly during evening time like sunset and sunrise time we will be seeing the sky as bright red in color this is because whenever during morning or evening the sun will be at the horizon the distance between or the distance through which the light has to travel is much more than during daytime like I will give a small example here like say this is the land surface this is like let us put a hemisphere around the land surface some observer is standing here. If the sunlight is overhead if the sun is overhead the light the distance the light has to travel is much less on the other hand if the sun is at horizon the distance light should travel is much longer. So, as the distance through which the light travels increases amount of scattering also will increase because as the distance becomes larger and larger the interaction will be increasing and as interaction increases scattering and absorption will be more basically. So, due to this increased path length what will happen first blue will be scattered and it will be left in the atmosphere itself then green and red will be passing through even green will be scattered because of this longer path length green also will be scattered completely only red will escape the scattering because of its longer wavelength and it will reach our eyes that is the reason we see the morning and evening sky as red in color. So, Rayleigh scattering is the primary reason for these color appearances and the amount of Rayleigh scattering varies with respect to fourth power of wavelength. Yeah, as I said before here in this slide I am just explaining the amount of scatter light the intensity of scatter light is much higher at shorter wavelengths and it is much lower at longer wavelengths. So, the main problem of Rayleigh scattering for remote sensing is it introduces haze in the imagery haze means the image will be unclear it will have like some sort of like a dusty appearance it will reduce the contrast in the imagery the haze effect will reduce the contrast in the image. So, we will see about like reduction in contrast what effect it has and all briefly in some other lectures later in the course. Next we are going to see about my scattering my scattering is also known as aerosol scattering or non-molecular scattering. So, this type of scattering occurs when the size of the molecule is 0.1 times to 10 times the wavelength involved. So, here there is like a lower bound and upper bound of size of the molecule. So, here the size of the molecule vary from 0.1 times to 10 times the wavelength involved. Then these sort of molecules will actually cause my scattering mostly the presence of dust in the atmosphere causes my scattering whenever dust is present or some aerosol particles is present we see lot of disturbance in our vision that is basically due to my scattering and my scattering by intensity of scatter will be much higher than Rayleigh scattering. So, the intensity with which my scattering will occur will be larger like whenever there is a dust storm passing through before our eyes you will not be able to see anything because of like lot of blockage will be there lot of energy will be scattered. So, the amount of scattering will be much higher in my scattering. Then the final type of scattering is called non-selective scattering. Non-selective scattering some textbooks treat it as an extension of my scattering also like non-selective scattering will happen when the size of the molecule involved is more than 10 times the wavelength involved like the molecules is much bigger in comparison to the wavelength involved and non-selective scattering as the name suggests will scatter all the wavelengths equally like it do not have any sort of wavelength dependence it will scatter all wavelengths equally. So, what are the primary causes primary materials that causes non-selective scattering larger particles such as ice crystals in cloud or water droplets such things which are much bigger than the wavelength of EMR will cause non-selective scattering. One important or interesting point to notice the main reason for clouds to look white is non-selective scattering that is clouds if we look at primarily composed of water vapor water droplets and some clouds ice crystals also will be there. So, all these things water droplets and ice crystals and all will scatter all the incoming radiation equally non-selective scatter will happen all the radiation will be equally scattered because of this we see clouds as white in color why white in color all but wavelengths will be scattered equally in all directions and the what is the primary colors that we see as red green blue when these three things mix equally we perceive it as white in color. So, since all the wavelengths that that is coming in are scattered equally when our eyes see it we will see a equal mixture of red green and blue and we see clouds as white in color. So, just to do like a summary of scattering so scattering is three types Rayleigh, Mi or non-selective the primary particles that causes Rayleigh scattering as gas molecules for Mi scattering it is the dust or smoke and for non-selective scattering it is water vapor ice crystals etc Rayleigh scattering varies with wavelength non-selective scattering and Mi scattering are relatively non-dependent on wavelength especially non-selective scattering and if you look at the atmosphere levels the different layers of atmosphere like here from the surface and up to 20 kilometers is given in this particular figure. So, when the electromagnetic radiation from the sun is coming in the top portion of atmosphere is consist primarily of like gas molecules. So, most of the what is it Rayleigh type of scattering will occur in the top portion of the atmosphere like when it is coming in say here like above like about 8 kilometers above the surface the atmosphere will be containing a lot of gas molecules hence Rayleigh scattering will be happening. Once it comes very close to the surface within like last 2 to 3 kilometers within the surface the EMR will encounter water particles, dust particles and everything which will cause Mi scattering and non-selective scattering. So, Rayleigh scattering happens relatively higher up in the atmosphere and Mi scattering happens relatively lower to the surface much closer to the surface. So, one more interesting fact is I wanted to tell you is the red color we use widely in signal to indicate danger or stop sign is because red is scattered the least when we compare the 3 primary colors we can see blue, green and red. Red is scattered the least among these 3 colors whatever the scattering happens red will encounter the smallest amount of scattering due to which red wavelengths can travel for a longer distances because of this particular reason people have chosen red to indicate danger sign. So, that say if someone is travelling in a vehicle red light will appear from a much longer distance itself. So, they will see the red light from at a longer distance they will start the process of breaking in order to give a clear indication to the user red is being used as a sign for danger or stop signal. Next we are going to see is the absorption of EMR by earth's atmosphere. So, as I said before atmosphere consist of lot of gas molecules O2 molecules that is oxygen molecules water vapor carbon dioxide ozone many materials are there due to the presence of such materials each of them will interact with electromagnetic radiation and they will absorb certain portion of EMR. So, in this particular figure in the slide I have presented how EMR is transmitted and how the transmission varies with wavelength. So, transmission is say if some amount of energy is coming in say some 100 units of energy is coming in let us assume 20% of energy is absorbed. So, we call transmittance as 80% or 0.8 as a fraction. So, what is the amount of energy that is left after absorption we call it as transmission. So, transmission is given here in this percentage we can see from this particular figure that the transmission of the atmosphere varies a lot with wavelength at smaller wavelengths like less than 0.4 which we call it as the ultraviolet region the transmission of the atmosphere is very low like the transmission is less than like 5% or 10% atmosphere is almost opaque to UV radiation. This is because of the presence of ozone in the atmosphere. So, the ozone absorbs almost all the UV radiation incident on it thereby saving the living organisms on the earth surface from the harmful nature of UV radiation. So, ozone effectively absorbs almost all of UV radiation. After UV part if we come to the visible portion of the spectrum we still we can see that the transmission is relatively higher like after you cross this particular portion. After you cross this particular portion the transmission the transmissivity is bit high not bit high actually very high it is in the range of like 80 to 90%. So, it is this is in the visible part. So, 0.4 to 0.7 micrometers still here we are having like a very good transmissivity in the atmosphere. So, that is why we will be getting most of the visible energy from the sun without much hindrance atmospheric absorption is much lower in the visible portion. After the visible portion after 0.7 micrometers and all there are like some very sharp absorption features here that is absorption feature here that is here around like 1.3 or 1.4 micrometers that is a very strong absorption features something like that. So, atmosphere presents a characteristic dips in different different portions. So, wherever there is like atmospheric transmission is very low we call such portion as absorption bands. Say for example around like 1.3 to 1.4 micrometers there is a very strong absorption band the transmission is very low or the absorption is very high this we call it as an absorption band similarly around 1.9 micrometers there is a very high absorption band in the atmosphere. So, such energy coming in 1.3 to 1.4 micrometers or 1.9 micrometer wavelength those energies will not even reach the earth's surface from the sun. So, whenever sunlight is coming through the atmosphere these particular wavelengths which are highly absorbed by the atmosphere will not reach the earth's surface they will be stopped completely in the atmosphere itself. So, again we go back to this figure. So, here in this figure you can see after like around like 3.5 or 4 micrometers atmosphere is fairly opaque opaque in the sense transmittivity is very low and after say 15 micrometers or something there is like a huge gap like the transmissivity is extremely low. Then when we enter the microwave portion of the spectrum the transmission suddenly goes up like after like 1 centimeter wavelength when we enter the microwave portion we can see the transmission of the atmosphere is fairly high. So, atmosphere is transparent to microwave wavelengths. So, microwave essentially is free from atmospheric absorption. So, the amount of absorption that is undergone by microwave is extremely low because atmosphere is fairly clear. On the other hand if we come to shorter wavelength such as like visible IR or MWR portions there are characteristic bands at which the atmosphere of molecules will absorb radiation. Such characteristic bands are called absorption bands and the energy contained within such absorption bands will not reach the earth's surface it will be absorbed completely in the atmosphere. So, this particular slide is actually like a mirror image of the past slide. In the past slide I showed you atmospheric transmission here I am showing you atmospheric absorption because of the different gas molecules that is present. Say here the atmospheric absorption is now divided into its constant components which causes atmospheric absorption at which wavelength. So, this is the total the total effect of all particles or all molecules together and these first 4 figures are due to the individual molecular components. Say for example, N2O nitrous oxide is the main reason for absorption in the mid wave infrared wavelength around like 4 micrometers. Oxygen on old zone O2 and O3, O3 is the primary reason for absorption in shorter wavelength or UV radiation. Oxygen is the primary absorption in around like 0.6 micrometers. Similarly, CO2 is a very strong absorber of around like 2 to 3 micrometers here. H2O was the primary cause of lot of small small atmospheric absorption windows around like say 1 micrometer this 1.3 micrometers, 1.9 micrometers is a very strong water vapor absorption band. Similarly, between 2 to 3 micrometers all such bands are absorbed due to H2O. So, each molecule absorbs different different portion of wavelengths and since atmosphere is a mix of all these molecules the final effect that we see is a collective one of all these gases that is given in the last portion of the slide. So, if you look here around like say for example, we take the visible portion around 0.42 say 0.7 micrometers the absorption is very low and we can receive that particular wavelength in earth surface. So, such portions where the atmosphere is fairly transparent and allows us the EMR to enter the atmosphere and reach the earth surface are known as atmospheric windows. So, the atmospheric windows are the wavelength bands at which EMR will reach the earth surface. In atmospheric absorption bands EMR will be stopped in the atmosphere itself. In atmospheric windows EMR will be allowed to reach the earth surface by the atmosphere. Hence, if we want to practice or if you want to remote sensing of earth surface then essentially we should design sensors which should be able to sense the energy in this atmospheric windows. We cannot put sensors in the atmospheric absorption bands if we want to see the earth surface. So, this is again the absorption with respect to wavelength given in this particular slide. One interesting question I wanted to ask is some remote sensing systems consist of bands that are located in atmospheric absorption bands. Can you guess why? Please take few seconds please think past the video and think over it. The main reason for putting some bands that are like centered around this atmospheric absorption bands is to get more information about the atmosphere itself. So, such absorption bands helps us to know more about the atmosphere like how much CO2 absorption is occurring will help us to model the presence of CO2 content. Similarly, the presence of water vapor will help us to monitor water vapor movement. Water vapor movement is essentially like the primary reason for rainfall in different places. So, for remote sensing of atmosphere it is quite natural to put few bands in centered around in this atmospheric absorption bands. Before we close down I just want to put one more question to you. We discussed about atmospheric scattering and atmospheric absorption just related to that this question will be there the question is there in this particular slide. So, the shadows that we see are not completely dark and we can see objects within shadows like this is like a tall building and the shadow is falling on the ground. Still we can see whatever is there in the shadow. Similarly, here also some objects even though not clearly visible something is visible. So, why the shadows are not completely dark? What is the energy that is falling on those objects? Please pass the video and think for few seconds before knowing the answer. So, the answer for the question I posed is scattering the light scattering present in the atmosphere is a primary reason for irradiating the objects within the shadows that is I said before like whenever there is a land surface like suns direct radiation will be coming in. This will be scattered all along the atmosphere and after some time this scattered radiation will come and fall down. Say for example, we have like a building here. So, like I draw here again. So, there is a building here and sun is giving its energy. So, this building will cast a shadow here and this portion will not receive suns energy. At the same time the scattered light present all across the atmosphere will be falling on the objects within the shadow portion and that is why we are able to see objects within the shadows. So, this sort of scattered radiation that is falling on an object we call it as diffuse radiation or diffuse skylight that is the suns radiation the direct radiation from the sun we call it as direct sunlight and the energy that earth surface receives because of the scattered radiation we call it as diffuse radiation or diffuse skylight. Because of the presence of diffuse radiation or diffuse skylight we are able to see objects within the shadows. So, just to summarize what we have learnt in this particular lecture is we have learnt about scattering and absorption taking place within the atmosphere. Scattering is divided into rally, my and non-subtractive scattering. Scattering essentially removes the energy in one particular direction and redistributes it in several directions. So, scattering is will remove some energy and also will add some energy again in form of diffuse skylight. Similarly, absorption is will remove the energy completely. So, such those wavelengths which are completely absorbed by atmosphere will not be useful for remote sensing of earth surface. For remote sensing of earth surface we need to design bands such that they fall in atmospheric windows that is where the atmosphere is fairly transparent. With this we end this lecture. Thank you very much.


After we've gathered the natural gas from various wellheads and perhaps brought them to a common point in a gathering system, the next thing that we want to do is kind of twofold. Number one, we want to purify the gas because the gas that goes into the pipeline system has to be about 98% methane with a lot of contaminants removed from that. But additionally, the processing plants allow us an opportunity to extract natural gas liquids which add to the overall value chain and the actual revenue that can be derived from natural gas. Here's just a picture of a processing plant up in Colorado. You can see this is one of the more complex ones. Now, the basic operations of natural gas processing plants, the first step is to remove the heavy hydrocarbons. Anything that has a specific gravity greater than methane is considered a heavy hydrocarbon. And if you think about it, the raw stream coming out of natural gas well is going to have a lot of liquid in it and the liquid happens to be, for the most part, these natural gas liquids in. So we can't have things like propane or butane ending up in someone's hot water heater. Likewise, in natural gas-fired power plants, they cannot end up with any of these volatile fuels inside a boiler. They literally can have an explosion that occurs there. Now the other side of this, of course, is that we want these heavy hydrocarbons. They are marketable in the form of ethane, propane, butane, isobutane, and natural gasoline. Simple processes with a processing plant, things like condensation. This is just you vary the pressure and temperature of the gas stream itself and then you can knock out the natural gas liquid. So for instance, when you heat something up and cool it off, liquids will drop out. If you put something under high pressure and then you reduce the pressure dramatically, liquids will also drop out of the gas stream. Some of the towers that we'll talk about, they have oils in there which can actually absorb some of these light hydrocarbons and those then get funneled off. And then fractionation is where we actually take the various liquids that may be combined and break them down into their individual fractions, thereby forming what we call purity products, things like purity ethane or purity propane, which means the majority of that liquid is actually that hydrocarbon. We want to purify the gas stream as well. Every natural gas pipeline company has certain standards that you can find on their website within their tariff under their statement of operating conditions. You will see that they have certain limitations on things like water, H2S or hydrogen sulfide, which is a corrosive. Carbon dioxide and nitrogen, they simply take up space in the pipeline. So they have no heating value and they just do literally waste space in the pipeline. You'd rather be pushing 98% methane than to have a high percentage of carbon dioxide or nitrogen for that matter. So some of the processes would be nitrogen rejection, literally nitrogen is taken out of the gas stream, glycol absorption. You know, this is ethylene glycol. It's essentially antifreeze and it's heated up and it can be heated up beyond the boiling point of water. So in essence, the gas stream run through a glycol absorption unit would burn the water off. So you reduce the water content in the natural gas stream. And then also if there's a higher level of sulfur, then should be in the natural gas stream they have what's known as an amine treater that will remove that as well. So now we've purified the gas stream with the processing plant. Essentially, we should be left with 98% methane to put into the transmission pipeline at what we call the residue point or outlet of the processing plant. Some of just the general types of processing plants, we have simple separator tower type plants. Literally the natural gas flows through the bottom and because methane is lighter than the other heavy hydrocarbons, it will rise to the top of the column and then be basically recirculated through the plant. Then you've got what we call bubble trays on each level and as the gas flow goes through there, the heavier hydrocarbons will settle back down on these trays depending on their specific gravities and then again they are piped off into tanks for storage. As I mentioned earlier, you're going to vary pressure and temperature with reciprocating compressors, refrigeration units and so-called reboilers. The reboilers are going to heat up the gas stream, obviously refrigeration units are going to cool it down and the entire time you're pushing the gas through the processing plant using compressors. So again, raise the temperature of the gas, cool it off rapidly, we'll get condensation and natural gas liquids will knock out of the stream. Then we have the next step up and these are the more sophisticated processing plants, cryogenic or what we call cryo plants. In this case you're going to cycle the gas through refrigerants using turbine expanders. Turbine expanders are the type of compressors I was talking about that are jet engines, they're turbine engines. Again, this idea is to cool it down, expand the stream using a turbine compressor and then when you cool it down, again you knock out natural gas liquids through the process of condensation. The idea here though is to circulate this gas through the plant several times until essentially it's been rung out and you can extract as much NGL as possible. It's what's called the recovery percentage of the natural gas liquids out of the gas stream. Here's an overall schematic and you can see here you've got some basic, you start at the well head, the oil gas separator that I had in the photo under the natural gas value chain, condensate separator. That's the heavier liquids that are traded in the marketplace similar to oil because they have a lot of crude oil properties. The dehydration will knock the water out, the next tower takes out the contaminants, the hydrogen sulfide, the CO2, nitrogen extraction will knock out the nitrogen. A demethanizer tower literally takes the methane out. You can see when it comes off the top of the demethanizer tower, it's dry gas and it goes to the pipeline at the residue part of the processing plant. And then the final stage is what's called the fractionator. All these liquids then are broken down into their individual components, ethane, propane, butane, isobutane, the pentanes which are C5s, and then your natural gas allines. And just a quick diagram here based on EIA information that shows the rise in natural gas liquids production over the last several years. Here's some pictures of the upper left, the small processing plant, and on the lower right a much larger one. One more thing that we kind of want to talk about here in regards to the processing plants is that processing plants themselves use some of the natural gas to run their compressors.  Heating value. And so the amount of gas that you put in in terms of natural gas is not going to be the same as what you take out in the form of natural gas, not necessarily natural gas liquids. So you can kind of see here, we call this plant volume reduction. The volume of BTUs or the volume of natural gas that comes out on the residue side of a plant is not the same amount that goes in on the inlet side of the gas. Now these are some of the ways that producers and midstream or processing companies put together their contracts. One of the most popular ones is a POP or percent of proceeds contract. This is a type of revenue sharing. And so what happens is the midstream processing company goes ahead and markets the natural gas and they find markets for the natural gas liquids and then they share in that revenue with the producer. So the producer gets a percent of the net back pricing of the residual gas and the liquids sales less whatever the midstream company is charging for their processing fees and fuel. So for instance we have contracts that might be a 90-10 or an 85-15. Under 90-10 the producer receives 90% of the revenue, the net revenue and the midstream company receives 10%. Now there are other producers who prefer to go ahead and market their own natural gas and what they want then is what's known as a keep-hold agreement. That means that they want the same amount of BTUs that they gave the midstream company on the residue side. And they're going to market it so there's no revenue sharing and they're going to pay the midstream company some fees for the actual processing.


Hey, I'm Mike Perez. I'm the development coordinator for the OpenStack Foundation, basically leading a variety of different cross-project initiatives within the OpenStack project itself. Great. Thank you for being here today. So can you expand a little bit more on what your role means from a cross-project coordination perspective? Yeah, specifically. So we have Ptls that are focused on a particular project, Sender, Nova, Neutron, and so on. My sort of view is all the projects. So I take feedback that comes from, you know, such working groups like Product Working Group, which are actual user feedback and taking that information to, you know, identify, okay, that particular thing makes sense in these projects and then trying to keep the communication going between those projects and helping them to achieve that. Otherwise, certain initiatives, like, it may only end up in, like, two projects, but it makes sense to be a cross-project, so we can't exactly advertise it as a feature then. Great. So how has the community addressed cross-project requirements so far? Yeah, so I would say it's something we're definitely working on for sure. And I think that's kind of why I'm switching sort of my initiative and why the OpenStack Foundation is having me help. And dedicate my time to that. So in particular, like, right now we have, you could take things like such as having multi-ten, or, sorry, hierarchy tenants inside of OpenStack. Right now there's only Sender that I'm aware of that actually implements this feature that Keystone has provided us. It would make sense for us to say to our users, hey, that feature to have projects within projects, to have that in Nova and Neutron and so on. So then it's not just, like, okay, a matrix of, like, Sender supports us and that's it. And so what changes are being made to help with this type of cross-project communication? Yeah, so right now I have been attending a variety of different design summit sessions and there are so many cross-project sessions that end up being double-booked, so I try to pick a handful of them. So in particular right now we have, you know, there's where Sender actually led in sort of the third-party CI and having that across all different vendors. So there's about 72 different vendors that we actually support behind this third-party CI. It's a great way in the project for us to actually have confidence in the quality of the drivers that we put out in a release and we recommend to our operators to use, which then ends up being a great experience for the users. We want to make that not just within Sender, but also across other projects. So one of the great things that came from this particular design summit is we have consensus across the vendors in Ironic. So bare metal vendors are all on board with working with us on supporting this idea. And, you know, there's other projects like Neutron where we want to bring this idea as well. It's been a thing that has been tried in the past and I think putting somebody like myself that is the dedicated resource to go ahead and help with that initiative, I think it's going to be great. Especially not coming, focusing on any particular feature in that project itself.  So a lot of projects itself have to support the ideas of HA or highly availability. And the idea is, for example, you want to have multiple open stack services to support whatever the thing is. So you take Sender, for example, you want multiple Sender services to talk the same back in storage. And if one of those services goes down, then you can't access your back in storage anymore to be able to create new volumes. So to have multiple of those. Problem is, there's issues with state and trying to keep state across all of those different services and making sure that they don't clobber each other and doing the same actions. So, but it's not just Sender that has that problem. It's also like projects like Heat and Ironic that also want this as well. So within the design summit session for Mitaka, we actually came to consensus on a solution so that we could bring that across. So it's not projects going off and doing their own thing. And then we make the operators lives a little scary because then they have to support Zookeeper and SED and console all these different kind of solutions. So coming to consensus has been a huge win. And so I think it's going to be a great experience going up back to the operators. Great. Well, congratulations on joining the OpenStack Foundation. And thank you for coming on Subruzor TV today. Yeah. Thank you.


Mr. President, hello. Yes, dear. What are you doing? I'm just sitting down at my desk doing a little paperwork. What are you doing? I'm just patting Lucy around. I got their bond. You want to give it to them or what do we do about it? I want you to give it to them, darling. And I think... I don't want to do it unless you do too. Because it's half yours. Oh, you're so sweet. I'll tell you what. I might get an envelope with something very special on it if I could get somebody to fix it up within an hour or two and then we might give it to them... I've got a little bond envelope, which is cute. Oh, you do? Keep freedom in your future with U.S. Salons Bond and $1,000 bond. Mm-hmm. All right. That's... It's August 26th and this bond as they should do. I see series A and redemption. It's redeemable in seven years today. And I kind of hope it's issued to both of them jointly. It's made to Mr. Patrick John Nugent. And Mrs. Lucy Baines Nugent. Great. Couldn't be better. Would it be Lucy Baines Nugent or Lucy Johnson Nugent? Either one. Either one's perfectly legal. I got a little better. I think she should probably start calling herself Lucy Johnson Nugent. Two our dear, beloved children who give us great pride, strength and hope while they're nutty. Oh honey, I think that's great. Where are you now? I'm in my office and I thought if they'd come over here if you'd get them, I'd give it to them so they could enjoy a little bit. And I've got to go get a haircut before 5.30 appointment but they could come downstairs and you all could sit there with me a second. I'm pretty low. I've had any relief and nothing but troubles all day and I've got to sit in the haircut for 30 minutes and I'd be a good time for them to say hello to me anyway. All right, Angel. If I can... Don't get them, bring them on. It's not worth it. To your office. Yeah, there's more than where the haircut is. It's downstairs in the basement. Okay. Next where a bundle is off is down that area. Okay, love.


If you can hear why I'm noisy flatmates, I'm sorry, there will be a video coming up soon regarding this drama. The underground's going past. Thank you for stopping going past underground. I'm just doing a little intro clip to this, even though you can see I technically did an intro to this video when we filmed it. The video itself is about eating disorders on that lovely subject. I decided to dedicate this like recovery vlog thing to eating in public. I filmed a mini clip the other day when I was on the underground and I was eating, which one? That's a thing that I did. I'm proud of myself. Eating in public, I don't like. I don't like eating in public.  I don't want to clip my fingers then, I'm not gonna play it now. The clip you're gonna see is from when I was on the underground eating a cheese on the impasse thing, because it's a big deal for me. It's a big thing.  I also know you may not have just been shaking loads of yogurts, but that's not the point. We don't talk about that. That's another thing. That's another video. So this week's been okay since this whole little storytime happened and I just wanted to add this clip in here to say that things are okay, I'm still alive, everything's good. The Renny's got some storytimes coming out at some point within the next year. I don't know when. I'm gonna play you a little clip now. This is my vlog thing. Yeah. Are you here to play? It's alright. All that clip is, like I just said, me eating on the underground.  It means a lot, you know? I don't go in the kitchen when people are in there to cook because my flatmates are drunk. But that's a whole other video. If you have any questions about that, I'll still leave them down below because I'd love to answer. Also, while we're talking about this channel, if you're new here, hit the gold thumbs button. Give me a little subscribe and maybe turn the little notification bell while you're at it. So the next clip you're about to watch is the video that means the Renny film, talking like the storytime. How my family triggered me. Morning. My family triggered me. Shock. I know. Who would it guess? I'm not happy bunny about it. Actually, I don't want any hits first.  Torch on your phone, I can use. It's not very good. It's better than nothing. Yeah, I'm gonna blind you and I don't care. Hey, that's what the guy is. I've been filming for three solid minutes and I haven't said a word to you guys. So what's going on? I hope you're doing amazing. I've been speaking. They, we are doing a storytime. This story is not going to be fun to tell. I'm so sure I've been at my family's the entire weekend. Today, I was talking about some experiences I've had this weekend. Any regarding food. So this is eating a sort of recovery vlog storytime thing. It's episode four in the recovery series, but also storytime. Two birds one stone.  That'll be kind of legal and wrong. This weekend, there's been a lot of issues regarding food. Yes. As you guys know, I've been struggling a lot with binge eating and not eating and milkshakes. I haven't been able to have any milkshakes while I've been here because one, I couldn't carry them down here and two, my family are very, very judgmental when it comes to food. occasion from notice that this weekend. So we'll start with, for me, I'm going to start with, we'll start with Saturday, actually. Then on Saturday, we went to my mom. Then I had my medication in the morning. So I was a bit feeling like throwing up because that's what my medication does.  And they was really fully with me over it. Yeah. And then today has just been ridiculous. Yeah. How many times can we trigger Lydia? I don't want to point to say another thing actually. My mom gave me a birthday gift early, which didn't get me wrong. I'm very grateful for them all. She wore me some clothes. I always specify like eight, six or four. My jeans are four to six and my t-shirts are small slash extra small. She got me a 10 to 12 in the jumper. The skirts are 10. I don't even know what the other jumper is. I don't even check them. I don't want to. And she knows I struggle with all this. Like she's known, like, but he ended up in hospital because of it. She knows. So the fact that I don't know why that really like, you was down. I opened it and you, when you heard when she said it to me, what was you thinking? I was like, no, four, four, six is sort of crappy. These are all six. And jeans are six. I know your clothes sizes and stuff. But it's like, she does as well. I said that links to the item. And the size next to them. Yeah. And if you sent them a link for Amazon stuff. It wasn't Amazon. It was all on that e-sauce. But even that should turn around and do what Amazon does. I also said it as a size as well. That irritated me a lot. Then when we was in, we went to Frankie and Benny's as well, didn't we? The gym market, not so much, she kind of gave up after a bit. Though every 10 seconds, she was like, oh, do you want some interweave? Yeah. She can't see you as well. Interweave, interweave, interweave, interweave, interweave, interweave, interweave. And the answer was no. And when I did, you saw how annoyed I got with it all. So I just said, yeah.  My hand walked into place. Yeah. Half of them on the floor. I ate, like, what, five or six of them? Yeah. And I gave the rest to my sister. I was to trigger some. I'm down to make it even better. She took us through a meal. Yeah. But that we knew anyway was... I knew it was coming, but I didn't expect it to be Frankie and Benny's. Yeah. Because she knows I don't like it. But there's not many clips from in there. When you film a bit, you have to clip. Yeah. That's the only one I put in. I don't like it in there. So they have the calorie content next to the items on the menu. I didn't even eat much there either. But today has been the worst. So the rundown of today is, apparently you defended me. Yeah. I defended me. And I ended up pulling up my medication side effects on Google.  You eat much better. Are you better than I used to? You eat much better than you used to. And my favorites just met me, yeah. And you eat more than what you used to as well. Yeah, a lot more than I used to. That's why the dress doesn't fit. If you're interested in that video, I already did a link in the description down below. And at the end of this video, I will be letting you probably won't remember to change it, but you get the idea. The rundown of what really went on, because we was talking about... What was we even talking about? I was talking about... Oh, no, no. I know what I was talking about. I was talking about the binge eating. Yeah. And she was like, oh, you just need to... You need to try and eat more than... Yeah. Me. I do. And I don't feel like throwing up. I was like, what's the option? I have something to eat and throw up. Or I have a milkshake that has the same in, then don't throw up. Obviously, I'd rather eat the food and not throw up, but that's not an option. So... As in, like, when I have my medicine, I feel sick. Yeah. So why did it have the answer to press until a just? Like, because obviously you'll pass history with ED. Yeah. And by the way, she was aware of that, because I lived a different life doing that. Yeah, that's what I'm... That's what I'm meaning is, like, I wouldn't have brought up any more. She probably went after me for it, though, I think. When I was like, oh, well, I asked, oh, yeah, because I'd rather not go into McDonald's with an egg as well. Mm. Like, what? I was wondering, I was like, what, 4M? What do you want me to do to go and cook a full meal? Not even going to say that one. With flatmates that get high and don't like me. I was just, that's what I'm about to say. And now I'm about using what it's like today. I've been a bit like... Yeah. Alright, I'll turn it around and try to fend for the best of food. Do you like... Yeah, I try to fend for the best of food. Yeah, I try to fend for the best of food. Yeah, I try to fend for the best of food. I didn't want to eat a large portion of chips. Um, but she's usually here when I'm sitting outside like, you're just like, I don't eat much. You've got so many to eat in this weekend. I'm trying to fend for you once in a while. I try to. She didn't go after me, though. She didn't go after me. So, um, tomorrow, I'm going back to milkshakes. Don't need, don't need, don't need another Chris baby at the moment. I'm not even going to buy them. I'm going to binge eat them. Done. Quit. I quit. I'm out. Peace. I've got very good looking stuff in the description actually, so I probably will actually do that. Also, in the book that is coming out at the end of the year, there's a whole, like two chapters talking about my story and everything and all that juicy gossip and what caused like the whole relapsey trigger stuff thing. I'm going to let this thing get asleep and then I'm going to film another video because I need someone to edit on the training. Yeah. So, if you're new here, hit the subscribe button. I'm not going to say the last part because it's the run-in voucher. If you enjoyed this video, leave a like. Make sure you leave a comment down below with any requests or Q&A questions you may have to the notifications on. Stop trying to look for miles. It's kind of blinding me. That's why I'm like that. Ah. So I'm going to be doing more story time videos. I'm also doing video every day in December at the moment. I'm kind of doing a few videos a day at the moment. I'm sticking to my normal like uploads as well, as well as doing like vlogs every day. Just because my vlogs are not the most interesting, I do not have an exciting life, especially in Tertlford. I'm going to be doing many of my YouTube videos and it's going to be returning very soon. Leave me down and be fair, you would. I'll film you while you're asleep and you can upload that. Please sign. Sleep with me. Hashtag sleep with me. No, no, no. You can not get what I'm doing. Is that drive with me? I'm trying to be funny and I'm not. That is more I thought that was going.  Anyway, with that in mind, I will catch you guys in a new video single day.  It's 2018 and not much longer.  It's been a horrible year. I think I've promote everything I can. I was going to say she's had to put up with this thing more. Oh, follow me on my social media. I thought to say that in the last video. Follow me on my social media. I have Instagram and I have Twitter. I don't really use Snapchat, but if you want to follow me on Snapchat, I don't have it on my go on. Tiktok. That's the app Sir, you know why I pulled you over? No, I don't. My friend, you were speeding. So now I have to give you a ticket, but you were speeding too because you caught up to me. So now I have to give you a ticket.  It's quite entertaining and I have a lot of fun doing it. And I'm also trying to get more followers and viewers than Savannah does, so it would mean a lot if you could go and check me out on that. Yes, I do it for the end of this video. Like I said, if you're new here, hit the subscribe button. I'm not loading every day at the moment. I upload every day pretty much from all the time anyway. Thank you for watching and I'll catch you guys soon. I might be 21 when this video comes out. Who knows? I'm only 20 for another two days. Let's hit you in the hand. I don't have anything to hit you with other than Savannah is not enjoying. What could I do that?