In the first session of the second day, this is our track, we have four talks here. The first one is on the depth of oblivious parallel worm by Hubel-Chern, Kleinman-Chorn, LNC, and Hubel is the speaker. That's my introduction. So in this talk we're going to discuss the depth of oblivious crab or crab. So of course I have lots of things to cover. So let's just start from the basics. So what is an ORAM? An ORAM essentially is a very useful construct. There's a part that's secure. We can think of that as the CPU or the client in which it has some constant sized secret memory. And then there's a part of the larger memory that is untrusted. Usually it's maybe the hard disk or maybe the server. So the adversary can observe what's going on here and then this part here is insecure. Now there's this untrusted part. Unfortunately if you want to secure the data there using just encryption it's not enough. So that's an example of why that's true. Suppose I'm going to store some sensitive macro data on some server and if I do not use anything special if I just say this part is related to breath cancer, this is related to liver and it's related to kidney. Then even though they're encrypted, if the client somehow when they access this database you see that the client is accessing this part very frequently then you can infer that maybe this part is looking of something related to kidney. So if you just use the encryption, if the layout of the memory is naive you sequentially lay them out. If adversary can somehow know that which part you are storing, which kind of data that will have an issue with privacy like invasion. So this ORAM is actually I have been studying for a while. So like abstract speaking, so there are some let's say logical addresses. Essentially ORAM is used to implement the data structure like in array. So there's some logical address and typically it's indexing from 0 to n minus 1. And let's say you have some storage on the server. To store this data, let's say this is long array, it wants to emulate this RAM. So the storage on the server, there's order n storage and that is not secure in the sense that the adversary can observe which part of the server you're accessing. But then the content of the previous block, we say that the unit data of access is a block. On the server the content of the block cannot be observed. But then the adversary can see in this example which location on the server you can access. So a more part of adversary can actually distinguish whether you are doing read-only or write. But let's say that's a minor factor in the data. So what does it mean by ORAM is secure? So this notion is introduced in more than 20 years ago. So essentially if you have two request sequences of equal length, then what the adversary observe the access content on the server should be indistinguishable. So of course if you have a very short access sequence and a very long access sequence, you cannot hope to be able to obfuscate it to. Otherwise the short program would be very inefficient. So the ORAM notion is only to be secure against when you have two request sequences of equal length. And the adversary when observed the access pattern on the server, they cannot decide which world you are in. So there are two notions of security. So statistical security basically is that if you use randomness in your implementation of the ORAM, then the distribution of access content should be exactly the same for those two sequences. That's statistical security. For computational security, we only need to be efficient against, like secure against, polynomial adversary. For example, you are allowed to use PRF to run a function in the design of the ORAM. And there's this notion of failure. Here failure is not a security failure. The failure means maybe when I shuffle blocks around on the server some blocks might be lost. So obviously I want the failure problem to be small. So in this talk, the ORAM will have some very small failure probability. Then some blocks might actually get lost. So that's the sequential version. It has been studied for a while. And in this talk, we're actually doing the parallel version. That means there's more than one client. Maybe you can imagine that many researchers are trying to access this database. And the notion of security is similar. So the adversary should not be able to distinguish batch sequences. So if there are, let's say, N clients. So at each time step, they're going to issue N such requests. The adversary cannot actually distinguish whether they are accessing the same site or maybe different sites. So actually, when you think about it, it's quite different. You have to make sure that even if the two clients have some collision on the same, they're actually accessing the same data, the adversary actually should not be able to have this. So that's been challenging. So this notion is introduced like 12 years ago, actually. So in this model, let's say there are N clients. And then, let's say, at each time step, they are requesting a logical block. So it's like the parallel version of ORAM. We can think of how many is interesting. Let's say N is around with N. Let's say that will be some interesting case. And the underlying PRAM, we can assume that the clients, they are allowed to, of course, do concurrent read. And let's say if they do concurrent write, there's some underlying route to resolve the conflict. But let's say when we implement this PRAM using the obliquist version, implement the obliquist version, we are more suspected we do exclusive run. So actually, this is the best configuration. When you're trying to implement something that allows for concurrent write which is something that you exclusive run. So we can think of this as the abstraction and then the operant is the actual implementation, obliquist implementation. All right, so what is a good implementation? There's some performance metrics. So those are the old metrics that have been considered before. So what's total bandwidth or total work? If you think about the original model PRAM, each CDU, if you lay out the memory using the naive way, to access a block just need a constant, let's say IO, constant transfer of blocks. If you want to do it obliquistly, then you might have to pretend to access blocks you don't need or shuffle blocks around on the server. That would introduce extra number of accesses. So the blow-up is defined as, let's say the total number of blocks accessed by those CPUs defined by N, because when there are N CPUs, then the naive way just need to access all the N blocks. So the blow-up will be the total number of blocks accessed in each time step defined by N. So that's the bandwidth blow-up. Now we're doing a parallel PRAM. So what is the parallel runtime? It's the number of RAM trips using N CPUs. So let's say for the old MAPS rate, you have N CPU in the P-RAM, in the abstraction, and in the implementation, you also allow N CPU. So that's the parallel runtime. And previously, actually, there are two main old RAM approaches which both can be generalized to the parallel version. So that's the hierarchical framework that's quite old. And I wouldn't have too much time to go into it, but just understand that each of these array represents a hash function. So hash function and you have to use a sugar random function in this approach. So you achieve computational security using the hierarchical approach. And then there's tree-based approach which is discovered a bit later. And in this approach, typically, we can achieve a statistical security. So we don't need a sugar random function in the tree-based approach. All right. So what's the best result for old RAM? That is a sequential version. So for the best blow-up, achieved by the hierarchical old RAM is this log square N of the log of N. And for tree-based old RAM, this is for journal block size, which is actually at least log. And because you need to somehow at least be able to store the key. So for block size at least, log and bits, that's the blow-up. And for tree-based old RAM, if you need to have this journal block size, the blow-up actually is log square N. But if the block size is really large, that means you can store maybe so many bits, and the blow-up of the bandwidth is actually log N. This actually matches the blow-up. All right. Now, what about the previous results for old RAM? When old RAM, the parallel version was first introduced. They have these blow-up. And we can see that actually this doesn't match the performance of the sequential version. So very recently, after I was involved in better projects for tree-based old RAM, the blow-up actually matches exactly the sequential version. And later on, actually, in this same session, my co-author will talk about this. All right. So now we have the matching performance of the sequential old RAM. So what does this work about? So this work is about another performance metric, the depth on the parallel algorithm. So when you think about it, since there are MCPUs implementing this of previous old RAM, and this is actually, in here, a parallel algorithm. And in the logic of parallel algorithm, there's this concept that if you allow more CPUs in the computation, then what is actually the number of parallel steps? And in the algorithm, sometimes you can represent using, like, depth, which indicates a data dependency. And in such representation, the depth simply is the number of layers in your graph. So that actually represents the minimum number of parallel steps required if you have actually an unlimited amount of CPU in your implementation. So we're going to investigate if you're going to implement an old RAM, then what is the depth of the implementation? All right. So in this result, in this paper, we have several interesting results. So we show that for statistical and secure program, the total workload up is same as the total, like sequential version, and also just the off-gram version. But the depth, we can get something like a lot of end of a lot of end. And then if it's computation-secure, we also have a variation, but I wouldn't have to much time to talk about this. And then, if the block size is really large, then what's interesting is that we actually get quite small depth, a lot of end, but we actually blow up the size by a little bit. So before for large block size, we only have a lot of end, but in order to decrease the depth, we see actually we have the surface lovely in the total workload blow-up. So that's the result, upper bound result. You observe that there's actually a lot of end term here, and actually it's necessary. It's because we want to obfuscate in each time step whether the end clients are accessing the same block or they're accessing very different blocks. So I'm talking about why actually this will cause a lower bound on the depth. All right, so those are the highlights, and then I just have some not too much time to tell you, like, what are the things to look for if you're going to read this paper. So there's some technical help, but to be honest, let's take three things that I want you to do. So that's a take on message. All right, so the first thing is that we're using tree-based ORAM. So if it's the first time you see it, of course, you can only get a very brief idea. So for tree-based ORAM, you have this batch, which is a reading something apart from the tree-based ORAM. And then this part, the ORAM is actually not ordered by, so it can be easily made parallel. And there's this maintain phase in which you remove the block you just read, update it, and put it back. So actually, sometimes on tree-based, it may get parallel, but it's actually in a tree-based paper. So what, actually, you have to understand tree-based ORAM and understand what the top next is that in tree-based ORAM there's an invariance that in this tree, given a logical block, you'll have some position map which contains the leaf. And the invariance is that this block must be found on the path from the root to that leaf. And whenever the block is accessed, the next time it will get mapped to a different random leaf. Now the issue is that if you can store this position map on the client side and it's good, what if you cannot store it because the block size, we only have one block of memory. So the client can only store limited amount of information. Then you have to store this part of the position map recursively like this. Now you can see why this is back for the DAF because in order to access things on the top's level, you somehow have to sequentially get data between adjacent recursion DAFs. Requestion levels. So you can see if the DAF is deep, then somehow each level will incur some DAF and then the total DAF will be D times the DAF incurred by each level. Now, naively, if you do it like this, the intuition is that when you route between two levels, there are n sort of n results fetched between this level and then n request another level. And in order to maintain oblivious, this routing between adjacent level has to be oblivious. And that will actually incur a lot n. And all the source of the DAF is actually when you read a pub, the link of pub is actually lot n and to read something useful, there's only one thing that can be useful on the pub, that will automatically take a DAF lot lot n. So this spot somehow is not avoidable, but this paper we're trying to avoid is lot n. So the small idea is that we're going to do the offline and online routing trick. So the trick is that to compute this oblivious routing, we need somehow lot n DAF. But fortunately, this lot n DAF can be done offline in parallel over all the recursion levels. The reason is that even though we don't have the information, if we pretend that the moment we have the information, we can already build up some kind of random routing permutation. So this spot, even though it takes DAF lot n, it can be done in parallel across the recursion levels. Now that the actual routing happens, you have the information acquired, then we can do the routing. But at this point, the random permutation is reduced adversely. It is okay because the permutation looks uniformly at random. So then this is a trick so that we don't need to suffer lot n at each recursion level when we establish just a lot lot n. So that's the first idea. The second is actually for the maintained phase. If you are familiar with part or random, or circuit or random, then the maintained phase needs to deal with a linear scan or on a part length lot n. So now if we do so, it will take a lot n DAF. And then here we use a very small divine concord wave, the details and the paper, but the conclusion is that we can reduce the DAF from this to lot n. But we have to increase the total work slot. So that's the cost of having a low DAF. Okay, so that's what the two things I just talked about is relating to the upper bound. Now for the lower bound, then you can ask why is there this lot n internally, why should there be a lot n DAF? So remember that we have to make sure the obvious property to satisfy the condition that we have n concurrent requests, then the adversary should not know whether the n concurrent requests, whether they are accent distinct blocks or the same blocks. Actually in general, they need to hide actually the partition induced by addresses. So what's mean by partition? Imagine if you have five people, they might be all doing the same queries than they are each in that group. That's the cost. Maybe those two of them are accessing actually the same block, and then those two are the same, and then this is actually accessing another block. So you can see that depending on the addresses they accessing, this will cause them to be partitioned into different from these classes. So the obvious grant, obvious program need to actually hide this partition. So in order to do so, actually, we have actually in the paper some company oral argument to show that because of this, the depth has to be low end. So of course the details are specifically complicated, so we wouldn't have much time to go into that. But let's say there are some free banks in this talk, you should get a message. First, the two is written up upon. In order to reduce the depth, then we have always the question level. The trick is that the work you do, maybe there's an offline portion and an online portion. The offline portion can be done in parallel so that it doesn't cause the depth to deteriorate. So that's the first idea. Second idea is that in the public section algorithm, then I usually buy the complex to avoid just a linear scan on the pump to reduce the depth. And then the third thing is about the company oral argument to argue that the low end on the depth because I need to hide how the end requires a partition. So those are the three main points in this paper. And of course there's an open question that is that through the trade-off between the total work and the depth because right now I have just like this, somehow seems to trade off and it would be interesting if I can also kind of know about on the trade-off. Alright, so thank you. That's my presentation. In your work, does you disperse the red SS and the red SS or do you call it SS? So in the definition the adversaries shouldn't be able to distinguish between and right accesses. But in the implementation the adversaries can actually see whether the block you're accessing is read-only or right. It's not too relevant if it's a sequential O-ring because if you want to just read something on the server you can just read it, re-encrypt it and put it back. So even read-only for the sequential, if there's only one CPU it's not a huge problem because you can always re-encrypt. But if your implementation has multiple CPUs then you have to be careful because when they're actually doing concurrent read then you cannot use the re-encryption trick. So when the multiple CPUs then you have to be more careful whether the implementation is really just read-only or you actually get that both concurrent write then because in our implementation we won't allow the concurrent write somehow you resolve by the algorithm upfront to decide which CPU is actually going to write the physical block on the server. Thank you. Other questions? This is our talk. I'm wondering in a real implementation how much how many CPUs are you thinking of? Well, to be theoretically interesting actually something like how many are there? The step thing is if you have let's say an ample supply of CPUs what is the minimal sequential amount of work you have to do? So in practice if you have fewer numbers you can always similar to a CPU with multiple CPUs just depending on how many results you have. If it's an SGS cluster you can have a hundred machine SGS cluster in which case you have a big SGS. Other questions? Okay. Thank you. Let's meet again.


What light is more than a million times brighter than the sun, within its narrow cone and frequency band? What light can hit the moon and the planets far beyond and can be seen by the human eye 600 billion miles away? What light promises to have thousands of times the capacity of our overwork radio channels? What light can be focused to a point less than one millionth of the size of a pinhead? This fantastic light, which can perform miracles, comes from an instrument called laser. The word laser is coined from the first letters of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. In a sense, it is an extension of maser or microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, invented by Dr. C.H. Townes in 1953, when he was working under a joint services contract administered by the Signal Corps. What appeared to be nothing more than an obstruced scientific device then is now acclaimed a first-rate contribution to science and technology in this century. Its important implications in scientific, industrial and military applications lead us into asking many questions. What is laser? How does it work? Where does it fit in the modern army today? And where might it be in the army of tomorrow? First, laser is a device which generates coherent and monochromatic light. By coherent, we mean its light waves are in step or in phase, like perfectly drilled soldiers marching past the reviewing stand. By monochromatic, we mean that the light waves are nearly limited to one wavelength or frequency, just as all the soldiers are identical and marching in step at a constant pace. No other light in the world, whether from the sun or from lamps, is coherent and monochromatic. For ordinary light is generated by atoms excited in a random pattern at various wavelengths and at irregular intervals like an unruly crowd. Every atom has energy, which is derived in part from its orbiting electrons. To understand how laser works, one must know that every atom has its own well-defined set of energy levels. Ordinarily, it occupies the lowest level, but it can absorb a certain amount of energy of the right frequency and be excited to a higher level. When it falls back to the lower level, it gives up energy of a frequency in proportion to the energy difference between levels. The greater the difference in energy levels, the higher the frequency of radiation. Therefore, to set up a laser, the first step is to prepare an active medium that is an optically pure material containing atoms with a suitable set of energy levels. For example, a synthetic ruby crystal, the first successful laser material. It is made of aluminum oxide with a sprinkling of chromium atoms. As the ruby crystals are exposed to the so-called pumping action of white light, the chromium absorbs the green components of the light. This excites its atoms from the ground level to a higher level. They rapidly relax to a lower level called metastable level, and then somewhat more slowly they drop to the ground level and give off red light. This is why ruby crystals have their characteristic red fluorescence. Although such light spontaneously emitted is monochromatic, it is no more coherent than ordinary light. For the excited chromium atoms drop back to their ground level at random and give off red light at random. So the next step is to control the absorption and release of energy by the chromium atoms, making them give off a concentrated beam of light, all in step. A flash lamp is used to supply the energy to be absorbed by the chromium atoms. As energy is absorbed from the pumping light, more and more atoms reach the excited state, until there are more atoms in the high energy level than in the ground level. Now the stage is set for laser action, which is started by the spontaneous emission of a unit of light energy called a photon. Scientists have found that if a photon of the right frequency strikes the excited atom, it can stimulate the atom to emit another photon of the same frequency and in phase. So one photon comes in, two photons go out. The light was amplified by two through stimulated emission of radiation. This is laser. As long as these photons can strike more excited atoms along the direction of their travel, they will stimulate more emissions and swell their rank until the end of the road. Now we can keep them traveling and multiplying by putting them in an optical cavity that is between two parallel reflecting surfaces, perpendicular to the direction of travel, one of which is partly transparent by design. Only photons traveling along the axis of this system can be reflected back and forth inside the cavity. As the photons are reflected back and forth, a portion are transmitted through the partially transparent end. The remainder continue to build up until an intense coherent pulse passes through. This is the laser beam. The final laser beam is extremely directional, perpendicular to the end surface. The whole process usually takes less than a thousandth of a second. To sum it up, a laser is composed of an active medium within a cavity resonator and a pumping unit to supply the power. The output beam may be in pulses, as described before, or may be in a continuous wave. Although the basic concepts are similar for all lasers, the rapid advances in this new technology have brought forth a wide range of significant types. For example, a helium neon gas mixture laser with radiofrequency exciter as the pumping power unit gives a red or an infrared beam in continuous operation. A family of single gas lasers using pure noble gases such as argon, krypton, and xenon adds many more output wavelengths in the infrared region, all of them continuous. The injection laser using semiconductor crystals such as gallium arsenide cubes, about one-third of a millimeter in size, is pumped directly by injecting electrons into it. This direct method of pumping produces a very efficient laser. The beam from this laser can be modulated and offers a convenient solution to the problems of using laser for communication. Although the first operating laser was created as recently as 1960, the U.S. Army has already initiated a number of projects along the most promising lines for Army applications. The item nearest to field operation is the laser rangefinder. By utilizing laser's unique combination of high intensity, narrow beam, and color purity, the Army has developed a lightweight rangefinder for forward observers with accuracy and range far surpassing existing equipment. In 1961, the U.S. Army Electronics Research and Development Laboratory developed a spinning reflector technique to squeeze a train of low power pulses into a single pulse of maximum peak power. The spinning reflector is time to be perfectly parallel with the fixed reflector at the critical instant. When the excited atoms reach a maximum number, a condition which allows the protons to build up into peak power by oscillation and then emit radiation in a single pulse. Both the U.S. Army Electronics Laboratories and Frankfurt Arsenal have developed a rangefinder based on this principle. The performance of these rangefinders meets all the objectives of range and accuracy in a package weighing less than 30 pounds. The eight-power telescope is used to line up the target with a six-degree field of view. The rangefinder is triggered and the range is read out in meters. In this block diagram you can see what happens in the fraction of a second from the time the trigger is pressed until the range reading appears. The firing trigger starts the pumping action which produces a laser beam of one milliradian with a peak power of several megawatts, lasting less than 20 billionths of a second. A photo diode samples the laser beam and sends a signal to open the gate of the range counter and timing begins. The part of the laser beam reflected back by the target enters the receiver's lens system. Goes through a filter tuned to 6943 angstrom wavelength with a narrow 25 angstrom band pass. Gets detected and amplified by a photomultiplier tube and electronic circuit and changes into a signal to close the gate of the range counter. Timing is now stopped and the range is displayed in meters. The whole operation from target sighting to range reading may take only seconds with elevation and azimuth readings obtained at the same time. 50 to 100 ranging operations can be made without recharging the power supply which is composed of nickel cadmium batteries performing satisfactorily from minus 40 to 125 degrees Fahrenheit. A refinement is the target discriminator which gives readings to the target even if there are other objects and smoke or dust along the line of sight. This new rangefinder can be adapted for tank installation. Connected with an electric ballistic computer, its accuracy and speed will greatly enhance the gunner's ability for a first round hit. Plans are now underway to mount a heavier model in an airborne platform. A 10 megawatt laser would be combined with the UBS-1 target locator system to obtain range and location of a target with a one-shot reading. This would be far superior to the conventional method of recognizing the same target twice for angle measurements from two positions. Coupled with computers, this new degree of accuracy and speed in ranging virtually eliminates one of the weakest links in an advanced fire control system. A potential application utilizing the Doppler effect is a laser radar for detecting a moving target as well as for measuring both its range and its speed. A laser's frequency is so high that even a very slight movement of the target produces a large Doppler shift. For example, using a typical infrared gas laser, a target approaching at a rate of only one inch per second can produce a Doppler shift of 60 kilocycles. Furthermore, the extremely tight beam of laser will make such radar virtually jam-proof. Laser light in the infrared region can be used for night illumination. It can then be converted to visible light for the viewer in order to see without being seen. This gives continuous viewing at long range for detection and recognition. Exploratory development is now in progress. Laser can be made into a super-search light. Its nearly parallel beam can illuminate a small area over long distance as dramatized by the historical event on the evening of May 9, 1962 when MIT engineers using a laser beam illuminated a two-mile-wide circle on the moon over a distance of 250,000 miles With an outstanding radar, night vision, and illumination, laser offers potential in the field of guidance and control. By training this unique light of a single frequency on a target, a missile guided by this particular frequency may home in on it silently and accurately. A great promise of laser is in communications. The bandwidth proportional to the frequency is potentially enormous. This means that laser opens for potential use, a huge new region of the electromagnetic spectrum with a communication capacity many times greater than that devoted to radio, TV, radar, and microwave combined. In the narrow band of visible light alone, there are frequencies enough to allow every person on Earth his own telephone circuit and still contain 80 million TV channels of the present bandwidth. And these are no idle dreams. In this experiment at MIT's Lincoln Laboratory, a gallium arsenide laser diode is being used to transmit a video signal by way of an infrared beam. This is the laboratory model transmitter. The diodes are contained in these small packages. The picture here is being transmitted over a very short distance. Notice that when the beam is interrupted, the video picture disappears. In similar experiments, a video signal has been transmitted over 30 nautical miles. This receiving element picks up the light on the 12-inch parabolic mirror, focuses it onto a photomultiplier tube, and displays it on this monitor. Today, antennas several hundred feet across are sometimes required for microwave reception. Using laser's pinpoint transmission for the same purpose would require an antenna only inches across. This would also have the advantage of making detection by the enemy practically impossible. But problems in this area are equally impressive. At the Harry Diamond Laboratories in Washington, D.C., the study of atmospheric interference of light has produced dramatic evidence on film. As a light beam travels through air turbulences, it is broken down into drifting blotches of bright and dark areas, marring its usefulness as a carrier. One suggestion is to send laser beams through pipelines. Shielding them from the whims of nature. The United States Army Electronics Laboratories is investigating possible solutions to other major problems, such as the modulation of extreme high frequencies and the insufficient power output of continuous wave lasers. The unprecedented power densities and extreme precision of laser make it a revolutionary welding cutting tool. Experiments have been conducted in micro welding and machining in this Army laboratory. At the Aberdeen Ballistic Research Laboratories, the study of the interaction of laser radiation with matter is carried on intensively. Here a very powerful laser concentrates half a million watts in one thousandth of a second on a small section of a steel razor blade. The result? Instant vaporization. Various materials are tested, including carbon and lead. By hanging the material on a pendulum, the shock produced by the powerful laser beam is graphically demonstrated. The medical world considers laser a new surgical tool and an experimental instrument of research. Experiments under an Army contract are now underway at the Medical College of Virginia. Here a solid state ruby laser is being used to produce current data on retinal burns, information which can be useful in the evaluation of ocular hazards from lasers. As a result of these and similar experiments, the laser may develop into an important surgical tool for many types of eye surgery. At the Air Force's Arnold Engineering Development Center in Tennessee, tests are being conducted by the United States Army for the National Cancer Institute and the United States Public Health Service. Here cancerous tumors in mice have been successfully destroyed by powerful infrared laser beams. This mouse has been anesthetized. This test film shot at seven thousand frames per second shows the impact of the laser beam. Here is one of the animals a few weeks after the laser operation. A concern of the whole scientific world, as well as the modern Army, which constantly improves itself by research and development, is laser's role as a research tool. Physicists can use it to investigate the structure of atoms and molecules. Chemists can use it as a source of energy for photosensitive chemical reactions. Biologists can use it to vaporize individual parts of bacteria or to probe into cells to learn the very process of life. It can be as sensitive as to detect changes in time and space in terms of a billionth of a second. Be as brutal as to vaporize any substance in a flash. It can probe as deeply as the inside of the atom. Without atmospheric interference, laser's coherent directional, pure and intense beam may well be the perfect carrier for signals and power in space. Light has always been a wonder to man since the beginning of human discovery which opened with the taming of fire. Followed by the harnessing of water, steam, electricity, and atomic power, we are now entering a new scene, man's new control of life. Where will it lead? On to dreams that are as yet undreamed. On to new miracles with light.


Hey everyone, it's JJ Zacharias and from Number Fire, and today I'm excited to share Number Fire's newest product, which we're calling Odds Fire. If you go to NumberFire.com slash Odds, you'll see a page similar to this one. You can see all the different sports that you're getting betting information on. There's a list of the most popular bets being placed, and if you scroll down, you can see all the upcoming games and events. But in this section, you can also see where bettors are placing their bets and their money with data from FanDuel Sportsbook. It's a really cool feature. If you want to compare Odds, you can just quickly click on the game, and all the Odds across different operators in the U.S. regulated market will show. That's really the gist of it all. Feel free to check it out at NumberFire.com slash Odds. Thanks everyone.


Good morning to you Karubu back to Y254 TV in case you're just getting to join us. This is why in the morning hashtag WCW and strength of a woman and end of this week's strength of a woman is something that I'm super excited about. This is not a new face actually. Usheona, those people you interview and you feel am I supposed to, una feel kama John, the baptist Khmanyana Semanga, whoever is coming I'm not even supposed to tie the shoelace, this is that case. But the woman in question today is a very strong woman, a superwoman who's gone through quite a lot and has emerged victorious. So without further ado, because she's not new, she's I na feel vizuri kwaeka kwa suspense but drum rails. Thank you so much. I was wondering what kind of an introduction do I give him? Very very that one is a superb one. So in case guys you didn't know she's Faith Mutsoli. Faith has been the face of strength of a woman for a long time. It feels so good to have you back. Thank you. So Faith Mutsoli, as you mentioned, born and raised in Takamega County, a fourth born in a family of seven.  I'm a wife to a lovely husband. I didn't have the luxury to have parents. I was often at a very very tender age and my sister took over as the head of the family and I must say that she actually made sure, actually she got married with the five of us. When she was getting married, our mother died when she was in fourth year so coincidentally my dad passed on the same semi and my mother passed so she took over as the mother so she got married with the five of us and raised us. She made sure all of us at least went up to university level. Wow. She's a very very selfless woman. She's a woman with a very very big heart. Like she took loans to buy us food, to take us to school, to cater for our hospital bills and everything and not to slay. She chose not to slay. She chose not to buy the best shoes in the market. She chose like us above everything and I'm so so grateful and I'm always and I'll always appreciate her for the rest of my life on behalf of my sisters who can't be maybe on air and appreciate her. I'm so so grateful for her and so I forgot to mention but I can now I'm a cancer survivor but now let me take you back to my life when growing up. Please thank you. It's quite I'm excited. I'm so excited. So I was a very very young energetic lady or rather girl that time that I even used to play football back in school on the same leg that later on turned out to be cancerous. So I remember one day just after completing from four I was sitting outside in the house with my sister and then I mentioned to her she's called Carol so I was like Carol I feel like I should buy a car very early in life and then she was like why and then I told her I think I'll get old so fast and then she said she loves and then she's like okay go on then I tell her I feel like when I walk for a very long time even a shorter distance I have this kind of burning sensation in my legs so as that time it was just a joke then now turned out later to be something serious so at that time when I walked for long distance I would have that burning sensation so I insert my legs in cold water and I feel that much relief so I did it for like two years now the third year I feel like no I should seek medication so I start moving from one hospital to another at that time I was in campus so I start moving in kakamega there is no clinic or hospital they they didn't know me so I moved from one hospital to another actually there are so many so many misdiagnoses like I was on arthritis drugs I was on malaria drugs for so long and now I finish campus now I go to I now decide to okay before I finish campus I realize like I can now not walk before now in third year so I have to always be taking a bodato school but now remember my sister is taking care of us single handedly of course with the husband of which I give him again so much credit because it's so uh it's out of this word that you find a man who take you in with your five siblings so again I give him so much credit so uh I get like I have to go to school I don't have fair I can't tell my sister because she's catering for my school fees because I was a very hardworking student in school but now when I sat for my KCKC I realized I got a B minus and I was like oh my gosh so my sister has to again pay for private student but how I was even willing to go back to school and redo my exam but she was like I will reward your hardwork I'll pay your your school fees as a private student so I go to school as a private student now I don't want to bother her again with fair so I start selling earrings in school so that I can get fair to school oh wow yeah so I complete fourth uh fourth year now I move to Nairobi now moving to Nairobi again I can't even go anywhere for even an internship reason being okay I have fair from where I stay to town but now I cannot walk to from town to wherever I'm supposed to go and I don't have the money to that place so I start staying in the house but later on I get one two people come in help me and now I did what I could so at that time I was again in so so much pain remember I don't know what is eating me there's so much this diagnosis misdiagnosis that I didn't even know what was eating me so again in Nairobi I start moving from one hospital to another now uh I moved to Rangai uh I was hustling there so one day I feel like um I was working with my sister so I feel like a very sharp pain in my pelvic bone and uh before I realize it I feel like I can't walk anymore so I call my sister and tell her I'm stuck I can't walk so she tells me pick a border go to the house so I pick a border I go to the house again after like resting for a few minutes I realize again I still can't walk so the following morning I walk so now you you have moved to Rangai yes okay after school yes okay so uh the following morning I go to a clinic I go to see an orthopedic so I walk into an orthopedic clinic and the author tells me faith you need to do an x-ray so I go do an x-ray I come back he tells me faith you need to act with immense speed so I ask her what's the problem he tells me we need to do a CT scan so I go to Nairobi West Hospital I do a CT scan I come back he tells me we need to do an MRI so I do an MRI I come and he tells me as I told you need to act with immense speed go see a doctor so I go to Nairobi West again I book an appointment I see a doctor actually the the author tell the author the orthopedic told me I have a tumor on the pelvic bone so I'm like okay so what next he tells me for now we are not sure if it's a benign tumor or a malignant tumor so you have to go see the doctor then you see what to do so I go to Nairobi West Hospital I get admitted because now they had to exercise you you just come to the hospital yes you okay like you are feeling just pain then you fake a hospital they tell you go for x-ray go for MRI go for CT scan yes and now they're telling you they're admitting you yes now I get admitted I'm moving too fast yes I guess because I had taken so long remember I started feeling pains when some years back exactly so that is why it was now acting that rapid so I walk in they admit me not admitting actually they tell me I book a walk-in surgery so I book a walk-in surgery I go the following day but just before I'm admitted I get that phone call that faith Karo has just gotten into a rod accident and she has lost her right hand ah yes we have not gone through things so Matthew you are here you've gone for hosi your sister you told your sister you're not feeling well yes I come here and at home yes umetoka home and then now you've come to hosi now to get checked and now you're here getting checked and your sister is here having an accident yes so my sister gets into a rod accident and I'm told now faith you can't afford Nairobi West hospital so you have to go makiyom admitted now for that walk-in surgery I'm already lying on the bed for this surgery and I'm told my brother is walking and tell me faith you have to be discharged so I get discharged I have to go look for a cheaper hospital so I go to knh the following day I pay around 40 000 knh they book me again for a walk-in surgery so I walk in very early in the morning 6 a.m. I walk in walking in I stay they tell me you are patient number four five six six round there so I stay at knh for like eight nine hours six pm in the evening they come tell me faith we are sorry another time no more yes okay so they tell me faith we are sorry we are not the surgery is not happening today so you have to go back home in the whole day yes so you have to go back home and come back tomorrow so I come back tomorrow again I don't have now anyone that I can talk to around there the doctor who was whom I was seeing is not now there now I have to start the process all over again I start the process I realize I'm not going anywhere so and you already paid 40 k yes so what do I do I go to the account office I tell them just refund me my money now because I am not seeing anyway through refund me my money I go back home until today my money is still rotting at knh so I leave my money there I go home now I decide to go back to kakamega because I had again exhausted all hospitals in Nairobi like there is no opopedic clinic that I had into opting so I go back home now going back home now my brother had gotten into a road accident again my sister I mean and she was the one paying the bills now she's not being informed how everything is happening so my step brother now steps in and at Nairobi hospital we had been told the surgery will cost 72 000 but now remember I've already spent 40 000 at knh now I have 32 so I go to kakamega now when I had just started being sick very sick that is when my sister got into a road accident but now everything was prolonged to an extent that she even got she was admitted at the at the hospital for around two months but now me going back to kakamega I found her now already discharged so she told me faith that is an opopedic that I see in town and she's a very good he's a very good author so I think I can take you there because at least now she had recovered a little bit so she takes me to that opopedic clinic and I met uh is a are you known doctor doktal shula is the late doktal shula so I walk into his clinic and he tells me faith I have to put you on some medication and then I was like no no no no no I'm not doing any medicine then he goes okay so you know what you want and no doc the doctors in Nairobi recommended that I do a surgery and then he was like okay so you think you know a lot get out of my clinic so he chases me away then I go back home again with my sister then on the way because why why did I not choose to take medicine remember I've taken medicine for a very very long time and if I start again eating into the money that has now remained for the surgery I might not now have the money when the time for the surgery now comes now I tell him I'm not doing any medicine he chases me out of the clinic so I go home on the way my sister is like oh faith let's out asa idika aje and I'm like no caru mi I know I know what I want let's just go home so I go home but now a week later I realize now I'm getting weak and weak and weak and weak so my sister tells me faith you have to go back to the clinic apologies to doc just go and apologize because of the pain I was going through I say it's okay I swallow humble pie so I go so getting there immediately I get into the door the doctor is like oh so faith you're here go to the bank pay the money and then we admit you for the surgery even before I apologized see how God works yes so I walk in I go pay the money and I get admitted the follow that evening the surgery is done so the the tumor is now excised it's taken to the lab the histology comes back and they tell me faith you don't have cancer and then the doctor tells me faith go home you are healed hmm just like Jesus then I say no okay which type of tumor was it he's not going into details he tells me then I realize we are going back where we were before like we almost again yes going back into another disagreement so I tell him it's okay dog so I pick my bags with my aunt we go back home now I reach home I tell my sister I'm I'm not I I don't have cancer and we were so happy we celebrated we thank God for that but the happiness was short lived Allah lot it is eight months later again extreme extreme pain like I can't even wash utensils I can't even mop the house I can't even do anything now now I've just gotten married 2017 I'm pregnant now in 2018 I can't even walk around the pregnancy because there is something again inside me eating me so the the pregnancy was so so so difficult complicated extra but lucky enough I deliver of course through CS because the pelvic was extremely extremely weak now after delivering my first child maku I couldn't even carry my baby normally just like other mothers do when he was around one year when she was around one year because now she's heavy eight months there then people would be like okay have a bangim toto little do they know like my leg can't just support me so I go into so much pain one evening and then we decide my husband then before that I was like okay I'm not going to hospital anymore because I've done so much I've gone to hospital so much I've seen so many doctors so I'm not going to hospital anymore so I decide let me eat healthy and exercise so my husband was always there for me during this period like I would go through so much pain he wakes up like from 11 pm to 5 am and he's there massaging my back mass because I would wake up with a swollen breast today tomorrow a swollen leg the following day a swollen face a swollen chest like a swollen every part of the body oh wow yes and he would massage me at times I wouldn't feel like I'm bothering him so I would just like cry and then I don't know he could just hear me crying ifu poli poli and then he would be like faith why didn't you wake me up so he wakes up again massages me until 5 am wakes up goes to work he's an angel to me that is what I say because he took like care of everything remember now I'm in Nairobi I'm moving from one hospital to another he's the one paying the bills because he told me faith so I'll do everything for you so this time round my sister is not even aware yes and we are not even telling him ha that we are paying this much so uh it's each time when the pain was so much so my sister my husband tells me faith no you have to go to hospital so a friend of us refers us to doctor wabomba at knh though he had a private clinic so we go to his private clinic after several visits he tells us faith you need to do another surgery so another one yes so again I get admitted that in pisha hospital and before I get admitted I was so much concerned about the bill so I'm like doc how much could it be and he tells me ah faith no hurry you know and he used to tell me you know you're like family so he tells me it will be around 70,000 70,000 so I get admitted on the day I'm admitted remember again I'm admitted for the surgery but it's just a walking surgery so I get admitted for the surgery I walk into the hospital again I have to ask how much could it be and then they tell me 140,000 gosh and I'm like yes 240 so what I realized was doctor wabomba realized that I was in so much pain but again I was so much worried about money so he told me faith actually again he's heaven sent so when I called I was like doctor wabomba imagine it's 140 and he was like faith don't worry you pay the hospital bill and then me you pay me in installments so you have 140 for the hospital and 70 for the doctor and yes so I tell my husband before we get admitted I tell him we just have to go back home because we don't have this kind of money but now again now I call my sisters I tell them this is it so you have to chip in now they chip in I get admitted I do the surgery I did I couldn't sleep at the facility because I didn't have the money so I go home I remember that night I cried the whole night like I was in extreme extreme extreme pain and I was trying to reach doctor wabomba and his phone was off until 6 a.m. so I reach him and he tells me okay go buy this painkiller so I go buy the painkiller at least now I'm relieved and as I was seeing the doctor he told me faith we'll take the samples to at least three labs so that we actually sure of what is eating you so we take to Nairobi hospital we take to MPisha and we take to Lancet now he tells me we'll go with the majority so if two comes that you have cancer and then it's okay if two says you have cancer then we go with it if two says you don't have then we go with it so the results come and MPisha and Nairobi hospital not so sure of what is eating me they are they are like it's cancer but we don't know which type of cancer it is Lancet is very sure that I have a osteosacoma a bone cancer so the doctor tells me faith again we are not going with the majority we are going with what Lancet has said because you have all the symptoms I'm hard hit so I start telling God okay God why did you bring me on this earth and give me a child now this child is going to be as motherless as me like my child will be raised without a mother whether it's not easy to grow up without a mother growing up without a mother showed me self defense showed me how to fight for myself made me a responsible resourceful person but in one way it was tough very very tough like you don't have someone to defend you you have to fight for yourself like you hit me I hit you I can't go back home and crying whom whom am I going to tell and of course whoever you find home of course it's not your mother neither is it my sister so they'll be like when don't buy so I grew up and I have grown up to be a very very very strong woman courtesy of being an orphan so I'm like God how why why should my child again be motherless like me so I go on to my knees and tell God it's not happening anymore like my children will not be raised without a mother because when I was growing up I was telling God even before I got married like God if I have to get married and get children and my children be motherless like me they never give me kids so that time I go on my knees and tell God God I told you not to give me kids but you did and so you knew you'd give me life so give me life to take care of my kids now again let me now take you back to hospital now I go to hospital meet the doctor or bomber because now we had to determine the type of treatment so the doctor tells me faith chemotherapy doesn't work for bone cancer neither does radio work 100 percent so I have to send you to several doctors so that we don't miss you are you are just you so that you're sure of what you want and again radiotherapy will make you barren you might not just get kids after treatment hey now you have you have you have come from a point of you didn't you had cancer you didn't have cancer yes you have come to this point where eight months your short lived your chest your your joints short lived and now you're sick and now they are not even sure which cancer and now they add the barrenness on top of it yes so I tell I now he start he start referring me to several doctors and I start moving again I remember walking into Agakan and the doctor was like faith uh the best solution we have is to amputate your leg and then I was like no I'm not losing my leg so uh I start again I go to another doctor so he refers me to Dr. Makori of Khenedge so I go to Dr. Makori and Dr. Makori was like faith you let's choose radiotherapy because as much as radiotherapy is not 100 percent but at least it works as compared to to kimo and as much as it might leave you barren at least you have one child and I remember when I was sick I I became so spiritual because I visited so many people and so many people visited me and they would tell me faith when you pray this is how to pray pray like this and I remember one night I was sleeping and I dreamt of my late mother and she came to me in in a dream and it was raining heavy and then she told me faith let's pray and when you pray pray like this it just changed my life completely so I was praying and seeking medication praying and seeking medication so I we choose radiotherapy so I start going to mpsha for 33 sessions and before I started the 33 sessions I get into onto the treatment bed and the doctor was like faith have you been told that you will not give birth anymore and then I'm like yes and then he goes I don't want you to start running up and down with papers taking us to court that you you are not aware of what would happen thereafter and then I was like doc I'm aware you just go ahead so I start the treatment and after 33 sessions I realized uh the pain was now going away one night I remember my husband was like so faith you're sleeping and I'm like yes because I couldn't sleep through the night and I usually say that these small things in life don't take them for granted because there's someone out there who sleeps on a very full stomach okay he has the food but he can't sleep through the night so I say like if you can't even get that food thank God that you can sleep through the night be grateful for the small things that happen in life so I get the treatment I finish the treatment of course they were dire dire side effects diarrhea puking like I could sit around the the facility for like one one hour after treatment so that I could just now use the washrooms at Malaysia and afterwards now I could go home and after 33 sessions I realized I have no pains anymore but now the doctor had told me faith your your periods will fluctuate completely and at times you will not even see them and during that time I had come to terms that I will never give path again so last year in April I realized I have missed a period hey to me I wasn't shocked because missing a period was it was normal to me but now why does it catch my attention it comes with nausea and some tiredness and not just being yourself like when I was when I missed that period like I was just a normal and I one evening I tell my husband that I have to if April 1st comes when I had I haven't seen my period then I'll have to do a pregnancy test so April 1st comes and I go buy a pregnancy test I come test and the test is so rapid and I tell my husband am I I'm carrying twins and he laughs often is like you don't even know if the test is positive or it's just it's false it's faulty maybe the test kit is faulty because he was also he had also come to terms that I will not give path again but now I'm like because I'm not so sure if it's a positive test or it's a faulty or it's a faulty test kit so I wait and see if I see my tummy growing so two to three months I realize the tummy is growing and I do I do first clinic and when I just got onto the bed for the scan and the doctor tells me faith do you like surprises and I'm like yes and okay can we count with you and I'm like okay what are we counting and now you know how we do it in here like in three two and one so he's like let's go one two and three and then I'm like go and then he tells me that those are the number of babies you're carrying wow yes I I've been told time is not on our side I really yeah I have so many things to ask but allow me to ask how has everything you've gone through shaped you as a woman it has made me a strong woman it has made me know how to fight for myself it has made me become a very resourceful and responsible person and I've learned to live life like I live the time I'm in like I don't worry about tomorrow like I take a day at a time because I know I'm not promised of tomorrow I'm never worried like what if cancer comes back because if I start worrying I'll start having sleepless nights and if cancer now comes it's even worse so I've learned to live the time I'm in I'm shook what are your final remarks I am just shook I don't even know what to say I'm just shook my final remarks have a YouTube channel I'm doing content with the triplets for the people who are watching me this morning but the people who are watching me this morning I do content with the triplets and my girl go there subscribe like share and I'm also doing motivation speaking right now like am I not motivating why you have made so if you feel like I've motivated you give me a call on my number so that I can come give hope to that someone who is not just seeing like there is light at the end of the tunnel give us a patting shot on that camera patting shot learn to live life the time you're in never worry about tomorrow because tomorrow is not promised thank you thank you thank you for coming thank you for sharing what I'm shocked I don't know I can't talk I'm just that was faith mostly I don't know what to call I don't know if I should say she's a motivational speaker she what stands out for me she is a very strong woman today's patting shot on strength of a woman is tenacity perseverance and living a day at a time that is a strength of a woman


This is Stink Tech, Hawaii. Community matters here. I'm Marcia Joyner and we are navigating the journey. Navigating the journey is dedicated to exploring the options and choices that we want in our lives and to assist people to talk about their wishes. It's time to transform our culture so we shift from not talking about it to talking about it. It's time to share the way we want to live our lives. It's time to communicate about the kind of care we want and what we don't want. We believe that the place for this to begin is not in the intensive care, but together we can explore various paths in life. Together we can make these difficult conversations easier. Together we can make sure our own wishes and those of our loved ones are expressed and respected. So if you're ready to join us, we ask, navigate the journey. Today we are going to navigate the journey that is here and now with us right now. And we have my dear friend, and of course you know I only ask dear friends, my dear friend Josh Cross, to talk about a new, at least it's new to me, Pono Hawaii initiative. Now that sounds like something we should talk about, right? Absolutely. Absolutely. In making choices in life initiative, Pono meaning really good, and in Hawaii we want these choices. So tell us Josh, what is Pono Hawaii initiative? Pono Hawaii initiative is a political non-profit. So we do lobbying and we do campaigning. It's sort of a sister, although not immediately related to Hawaii Alliance for Progressive Action, which I'm guessing a lot of your watchers know about. So it was founded by myself and Gary Hoeser earlier this year and the idea being that you know at the state level and at the county levels we are frustrated with the slow pace at which things are moving, advancing, progressing. And Hapa sort of took that and really pushed out on issues, but because they're a C3, they're an educational non-profit, they can't do the lobbying effort. And the campaign efforts. What is Hapa? Hapa is Hawaii Alliance for Progressive Action. That's a C3 they've most famous for pushing on pesticide disclosure, buffer zones, GMOs, stuff like that. But they're a fantastic progressive organization and they've really helped to transform and bring progressives together across the state of Hawaii. Pono Hawaii Initiative isn't really a spin-off, but is trying to pick up the work that Pono Hawaii can't do. So you're a C4 so you can lobby. So we can lobby. That's our primary mission is to work on issues, $15 minimum wage, paid family leave insurance, disclosures, housing issues, homelessness issues. And our favorite, of course, is medical aid and dying. Yes, medical aid and dying. We also support decriminalization of marijuana and criminal justice reform. I mean, the list of issues that we'd support from a progressive perspective is lengthy. My goodness. How do you get to all of that? Well, so we need to prioritize and the organization officially formed in April of this year. So the board is still relatively small. There's three of us, four of us here on Oahu. We just added a board member from the Big Island and we just added a board member from Maui. So we're still trying to put some of the pieces together and in the meantime, I've been working on and trying to coordinate efforts on the fight for 15. I'm also working closely with the family leave insurance to try and get a bill finally passed next year. So we're still looking at a legislative agenda. So yeah, and we're right at the opening of the legislature, so do you have bills that you have already targeted that you know are going to show up or do you help in writing the bill? Do you at what point do you come on board with a bill? Well, so it sort of depends. So on the minimum wage, you know, I definitely working, helping draft actually a couple different pieces of legislation for minimum wage related issues. Yeah. Yes. Let me go back a few years when we spent two, I did anyway, two years every day lobbying for minimum wage. Yes. And we thought we had a good bill until the Chamber of Commerce showed up. The Chamber of Commerce does not, I think, I won't speak for them, if I had to guess, they would be for abolishing the minimum wage altogether, right? So any attempt to increase it, they are our main opposition and the restaurant association is the other. Well, the restaurant association wasn't too bad, but I remember at when we thought we had a good bill and we all showed up and it looked like it. And then the director of the Chamber of Commerce sits at the table and she says, can we talk? And then when they came back, we didn't have a good bill. Well, so let me say this. So this is 2014. And a lot of ways the circumstances then are mirrored next year, right? We have a congressional race, we have a gubernatorial race. And so a lot of the circumstances are the same. In 2014 and 13, we pushed, I believe we were pushing for a $12 minimum wage, elimination of the tip credit and a CPI chain so that future minimum wage increases were automatic. What we got was 10-10 over four years, 10-10 over four years. They changed, reduced sort of the tip credit and no CPI chain. And at the time, I admit to being fairly frustrated, but a good friend of mine reminded me that these people hadn't received races in a very long time and anything that we could get was better than nothing. Yeah, well, that was what I was told, calm down, Martin, take what you can get. We got to remember that the perfect can't be the enemy of the good. And I often have to remind myself, or people have to remind me, that sometimes we have to compromise in a democratic society, what we do. Well, one person did tell me, because I said that in their organization, and they are a nonprofit organization, that the pay raise was killing them, they said they had to let go of some people because they just didn't have the money. I had to look at it, okay, well, you know, some. This is what's sort of sad and frustrating, is a lot of our allies on progressive issues are nonprofits. They're small, they're funded by donations. And even though they support minimum wage, sadly, they're in a situation where they don't pay their employees, and so it gets to be a hard thing. One of the other things that we're going to be looking at is eliminating the differential for minimum wage for people who are disabled. Right now they can't. That's terrible. Right. And this is news to me. Like just in the last few months. Really? Someone came to me and said, well, that came up in 14 hours of difference. I don't remember that. But so, and it's the same sort of thing. So good organizations like Alanaquilla or Goodwill, these are good organizations that help people, but they're going to oppose an increase in the differential. And you know, in other things they'd be our allies. Like Walmart, for instance, the amount of money they make, and they pay there, and they have all plethora of disabled people. I mean, they really employ a lot of them. And they're also not, they're not big fans of increasing the minimum wage. And then, yeah, they're part of the problem. They are. Right. But they can afford to pay these people if they don't. Right. Right. And the fear is at least the argument that folks like Goodwill and others would make is if we give these people purpose and community and they come and do work for us, but my responsibility was their work less valuable than someone else's work, who you'd pay minimum wage. Why is their work less valuable? And the big issue, Hawaii leads the nation in homelessness, and my thought on that is because you're paying $10 an hour and your rent is $1,800 a month, how do you, how did, that's why we have so many homeless people. Well, it's one of the reasons, right? I think the housing shortage and the homelessness issue is complex and I do believe that a low minimum wage contributes to our high rate of homelessness, but I don't think raising the minimum wage for $15 an hour is going to eliminate homelessness in Hawaii, right?  They do not address the big issue is the cost of living and what we are paying people. Well, and so these are, these are, you know, these are symptoms of a larger problem and they're all problems that Pono Hawaii is trying to address in a larger sort of economic justice, you know, platform, right? And paid family leave or paid leave insurances is a huge thing. People, if they're sick, if their kids are sick, they won't take time off because either they don't have it or they don't get paid enough and can't afford to take time off, right? And so a lot of the issues having to deal with, with, you know, cost of living and housing have to do with, we need to do a better job of allowing people in Hawaii to support themselves and their family. How can we continue to say this is the aloha state when it's very criminal, it's very mean? Right. Yeah, it's, it's, you know, I mean, in a lot of, it's a lot of it's really hard to navigate. It is. And homelessness is just one component.  And it costs the state a lot of money that if they changed it, it could be put towards other things. Yes. Right. If we, if we just look at that. Okay. So you've got a youngster with one ounce of marijuana and he gets picked up and now the whole system comes into play. So that's an expensive right.  Right. So even before trial, even if they get released, right, or they, they plead down, they've still spent all this time in jail waiting for trial because they can't pay the $500 bail or whatever. Whatever it is. Right. We need to take a break. Oh, okay. And we will be right back with Josh Frost and talking about all the ailments and how we can remedy some of them. Absolutely. Okay. We'll be right back. This is Think Tech Hawaii, raising public awareness. I just walked by and I said, what's happening, guys? They told me they were making music. I thought I could play, so I didn't chance to play at all.  I love music. I so I do. Aloha. Welcome to Hawaii. This is Prince Dykes, your host of The Prince of Investing, coming to you guys each and every Tuesday at 11 a.m. Right here on Think Tech Hawaii. Don't forget to come by and check out some of the great information on stocks, besties, your money, all the other great stuff, and I'll be your host. See you too. Aloha, and we're back with my dear friend Josh Frost, and it is Pono Hawaii Initiative. That's right. And its very name, Pono, tells us a lot about the organization. So let's talk, we are coming up on midterm elections. All of the House of Representatives is up for reelection and half of the Senate. Roughly, yeah. As well as our congressional delegation, both and the governor, and the governor, and all those kind of people. So let's talk about elections, because that is at the heart of what happens. All of those people in that square building would not be there if it wasn't for a low turn up. Yes. Well, that's one of the reasons, yes. That's why they get re-elected. Last year, we had 51 members, we had 30 that ran unopposed. Yes. That's not good. So weird. Let's talk about elections, what it is that you can do, what do you want our audience to do to see that this low turnout, I mean, it's okay to re-elect some of these guys. But it has to be a better way to do this than just not being just, you know, like it's your job for the rest of your life. Well, I mean, it's, low voter turnout is one component, right? People running unopposed is another component. Depending on who you ask and for what reasons, people have chosen not to vote, right? I think a lot of it has to do with just a feeling that it doesn't matter, right? People get elected and then they do whatever they want for two years, and then they come back and say nice things and sound nice and ask for money, and then they go back and ignore working people. So finding good progressive candidates to run against some of these people in the House and Senate, and even at the city council level, and the county council, finding good people who share our values and who are electable, right? I mean, it's one thing to be progressive, but if you don't present yourself in a professional way, if you can't speak professionally, if you can't appeal to people in a sort of professional way, then you're not going to get elected, and, you know, so it's really important to identify viable progressive candidates for elective office and then support them. Yes, and they, personally, I think if the candidate, the old and the new, if they don't talk about the very issues we were talking about, homelessness, paid leave, minimum wage, the things that go to the heart of who you are. It's wonderful, you know, okay, so I am against the carpettone that kills the loot. Oh, the sunscreen. Yeah. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Okay, that's fine, and you know, I support that, but I have a roof over my head. If we don't talk to the people who are on the edge who about the things that, when we, on the way this morning, we see somebody sleeping on the sidewalk, you know, if we don't talk about these things, how do we get, those are the people, the candidates that talk about, these are the ones we want to get elected. Right, well, and we also have to, you know, I mean, that's absolutely right, and talking about issues that affect working people and local people is really important. Now, some of them, you know, do get excited about hot-button issues, right, whether it's sunscreen or pesticides or Mauna Kea, right, people are passionate about those things, and they'll come out to vote based on those things. The problem is, at least from my perspective, those are very sort of surface, right, everyone can say, right, everyone that supports education, right, everyone supports renewable energy and clean environment, but what have, but those people who we continue to elect, what have they done to prove it, right? They want to support working people, what have they done, right, they want to do something about housing and homelessness, what have they done, right, and that is the issue, right, and so challenging them on those core issues and holding them to account is critical.  Right, right, and that has to be at the core of the challenger. Right, but they've got to be able to do it, there is an article or a column in Civil Beat, and someone had done a poll that showed something like 45, 49 percent of people will support a candidate based on their sense of integrity, right, so it doesn't necessarily even have to be about issues, it's how do you come off, right, when I knock on your door, right, do I look friendly, do I sound friendly, do I listen to you, do I, you know, answer your questions, and that's part of it, right, we need candidates who we're going to listen to and respond to the issues in their community, and I think to a large extent the folks at the legislature haven't done that, they send money, right, they do GIAs and things, but they're not, they're not working on the core issues that are really troubling the state, right, and so Pono Hawaii, as we go forward, we will be, we'll be endorsing candidates, candidates that are progressive, that are, you know, working on economic justice and social justice and environmental justice that are viable, can they raise money, right, do they have a professional campaign, are they doing the work of door knocking and fundraising and reaching out into the community, those people that we endorse, we're gonna need volunteers, we're gonna need, you know, money for them and for Pono Hawaii to do the work that we do in supporting them, and then we need everyone to get out and vote. Yes, that's the issue, how do we get people to turn out, and my thought is people will vote if there's something to vote for, not against but for, so how do we present the issue that you just talked about so that people want to vote for? Well, I think, again, in Hawaii a lot of people will vote if they like you, right, so I think, I mean, what you're talking about is, at least I think, is restoring faith in government. People want to know that if they're voting, that their vote translates into action at the legislature, at the county councils, right, and that's not something that we can do in one cycle, right, but we need to be able to say, we're gonna do A-B-N-C, we're gonna fight for A-B-N-C, and even if we don't get them, we need to be able to show that our candidates are pushing hard on those issues. What, now how do we get those that are already in office to realize, how do we get to them and say, look, you're taking up space, we paid for you, we pay your salary, how do we get them to see that they're not doing the job? Well, and I would say that... They protect each other. Well, then this is, yeah, I mean, and, and having been doing this for a while, it's, it's, you, we need to put pressure on them, right, at the end of the day, they care about getting reelected, right, so appealing to that. So some, there's a few of us who sort of say, you know, we don't need to reelect, we don't need to kick out everyone at the legislature, right, we need to build power in a new progress, sort of a new left, right, and, and, you know, in the House or in the Senate, when the leadership starts to see more and more progressives getting elected and standing up for the things they care about, they will have to respond, right, because they'll see sort of a trend shift. So we don't necessarily, I mean, I think they're in the people in the building who would be supportive of our issues if they were sort of forced on them, right, and so getting a handful of, of progressives elected to the, the House and a handful of progressives, I mean, in the Senate, we only need really three or four to really start to change, you know, the environments in the Senate and the House, it's maybe half a dozen, right, to really start, now we don't change leadership, but we won't, you know, transform things overnight, but a solid core of a new progressive group of legislators will go a long way to waking up the people in the building and saying, oh, well, we better start paying attention, otherwise they're coming for me next. Yes. How do we let them know in January that by September or August the primary, that we are going to make sure that there's somebody, that we are going to look for somebody to run against you? How do we, how do we, I know that's kind of hard to say, but how do we let them know that there is this group, these people who have had enough and? Well, again, I, you know, I don't want to, we don't want to make threats that we can't make good on, right, so to say we're going to run someone against you, if we have to let them know that we are building, they know, I mean, that they, you know, the, the, the folks, the legislature, this is what they do, right? So they, they saw what happened in 2016 and, and, you know, a lot of the Democratic legislators were at the presidential preference poll in March of 16, they saw the turnout for Bernie Sanders, yes, they know that that energy still exists, still in Hawaii, right? And, and, and from a broader perspective, the, the, the progressive energy that is, you know, that exists now in the state, I've been in Hawaii for like 15, 16 years, and I've never seen the level of organization for progressives, the, the sort of cross talk, the breaking down of silos minimum wage last year, Sierra Club was a huge supporter of the fight for 15 and for paid family leave and, and they're an environmental progressive organization who's now supporting economic justice causes and we want to support them in their issues. Of course. And so the, the, the, the amount of activity that's going on, the legislators are aware of it, right? There were a handful of people, progressives who ran last year, most of them didn't win, but they're running again. And the people at the legislature and at the county's, county councils, they know they're paying attention. And, and so what happens during the 2018 legislative cycle is going to be really telling for what we think the outcome is going to be in, in the election. And, and whether we are successful or not at the legislature, and even if we don't win as many races in 2018 as we'd like, or as we hope, okay, we're going to come back around and we're going to, we're building a movement. Yes. Well, you know, of course, you're too young to know, but that was the whole way that the modern day Democratic Party took years of building from the time the AJAs came back and the end of the plantation system. It took years of building to be a force. Right. And so now one last thing is time runs out. That's right. Well, on the opening of the legislature, will your organization, will these people, the Bernie people, your organization, will they show up? Will there be some way to identify?  Yeah, there will be identified. Will they be identified so that the legislature, when they go to his office, they see how many people. Well, I, there is some, there are, there are some, there's some discussion going on about organizing sort of a progressive rally and different organizations are sort of having the conversation. At the moment, for better forest, Puneau White doesn't have the capacity to sort of help out. Yeah. We will definitely try to turn our people out and be supportive, but we don't necessarily, we won't show up in t-shirts, right? What's important is that, that people, when they go in to talk to legislators, these are the things I care about and what are you doing, right? They don't have to say, I'm from Puneau Hawaii or I'm from Sierra Club or I'm from Democratic Party. They need to say, I am a member in your district. What are you doing to help me and my family? Okay. Well, we are just about out of time. Tell us now the name of the organization, how they can reach you, how they can help, and myself so. So the organization is Puneau Hawaii Initiative. We have a website, PuneauHawaiInitiative.org, and it's all spelled out. It's a very long address. You can contact me at Josh at PuneauHawaiInitiative.org. There's a sign up page on the website if you want to get emails from us. If you want to support us financially, there's a place to donate online and that money goes towards our efforts in supporting candidates, in building the organization, and in the efforts we'll be doing lobbying at the legislature starting in January. Great. Okay. I thank you so much for being with us. Thank you, Josh. We will look forward. Hopefully, because the legislature opens in this time slot, hopefully we can be there with the cameras and I hope so. That would be cool. Yes. Thank you, Josh. As always, it's a pleasure being with you. I know how.


Good Monday morning everybody I'm Tommy O'Brien coming to you live from TFNN 9 a.m. Eastern time Monday morning 30 minutes to go until the opening bell and right now we got markets squeaking into the positive S&P's positive by one point trading at 3215 and that's about 25 points off the low we had last night. Let's just jump right into it the S&P's last night we open pretty flat. We trade lowered about 9 o'clock. We start to rise at about 430 in the morning currently trading about 3215 up one point in the S&P's NASDAQ futures up 45 points at 10,068 that's more than a hundred points off the low we had about three in the morning of 10,546 the Dow up 16 points 26,538 the lows in the Dow similar time frame of about 26,330 so 200 points off the lows in the Dow. We got the crude contract negative 27 cents at 40 49 holding up relatively well though between about 40 and 41 is where oil has been comfortable recently gold catching a bid up $7 and 80 cents at 1817 we had 1821 40 earlier in the morning and how about silver little rocket ship about 31 cents above $20 $20 and 7 pennies and notes and bonds the continuing trend higher price and lower yield the 10 year up five ticks at 139 17 we're looking at a third year 30 year up 21 ticks at 1812 and we're approaching right now it's 0.6% that yield on that 10 year jumping around to its stocks with action this morning as I mentioned big week of earnings we got about 25% of the S&P reporting their earnings this week Halliburton kicking things off this morning the oil for field services provider and Halliburton trading higher on earnings they were supposed to lose about 11 cents they came in at five we're trading at 1389 Amazon getting an upgrade at Goldman and Jeffries $3,800 how about that Amazon up about $40 to $45 pre-market with a bid ask of 3,003 on Amazon shares and don't forget folks come on over to the front page of TFNN check out my newsletter rocket equities and options report putting out a report this morning weekly report goes out every Monday along with daily updates on most days when warranted start the newsletter off there's going to be a lot of updates folks check it out and you can lock in a 50% savings for the life of your subscription using the promo code rocket there it is talk about a rocket how about this market folks green across the board with the S&P is positive by one I mean we're within about 18 points that high we had 32 33 we're within 200 points of the all-time highs in the S&P it's time to make it or break it with earnings week in the S&P stay tuned folks Larry Pesavento coming up live right now we'll be right back